What changed in this filing

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

2022-03-10 compared with 2021-03-08 · 1358 added, 1408 removed, 150 unchanged (95% of the section changed)

Factors Summary

are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, including risks related to our financial position and need for additional

capital, the commercialization of our product candidates, our operations, regulatory approval and other legal compliance matters,

human capital, product development, intellectual property and our common stock, which could have a material adverse effect on

are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, including risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, financial risks, operational risks,

human capital risks, legal proceedings and regulatory risks and certain general risks, which could have a material adverse effect on

our business results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Risks that we deem material are described under “Risk

Factors” below and include, but are not limited to, the following:

ability to achieve profitability for our business;

Risks that we deem material are described under “Risk Factors”

below and include, but are not limited to, the following:

ability to achieve and maintain profitability for our business;

ability to successfully market, commercialize, and sell current and future products;

potential adverse impact of health epidemics, including the recent coronavirus outbreak;

potential adverse impact of health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic;

and maintaining patent or other intellectual property protection for our products and related improvements;

acceptance of compounded drugs and pharmacies;

ability to successfully research, develop and timely manufacture our current and future products;

regulations that burden operations or narrow the market for our products;

acceptance of our drug products, drug candidates, compounded drugs and pharmacies;

ability to successfully research, develop and timely manufacture our current and future products and drug candidates;

regulations, including, but not limited to, potential changes to USP 797, 503B bulks list and others, that could or currently do

burden operations or narrow the market for our products;

exposure to liabilities and reputation harm if our products give rise to defects, recalls, patient injury or death;

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ability to attract customers and increase sales of current and future products;

ability to obtain marketing approval and ongoing expense associated with it for any of our drug candidates, including those

we own royalty rights of;

reliance on third parties for manufacturing certain components and to conduct clinical trials;

ability to enforce protect our intellectual property rights along with the potential of future legal proceedings filed against

us claiming intellectual property infringement;

ability to obtain marketing approval and ongoing expense associated with it for any of our drug candidates, including those we own

royalty rights of;

reliance on third parties for manufacturing certain components, FDA approved drugs and to conduct clinical trials;

ability to enforce protect our intellectual property rights along with the potential of future legal proceedings filed against us

claiming intellectual property infringement;

recruitment, and training of senior management and key personnel;

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should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report.

business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.

Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital

2018, we incurred losses in every year of our operations, and we may not be profitable in the future.

2018, we incurred losses in every year of our operations.

As of December 31, 2020, our accumulated deficit was $(77,400,000).

Our current projections indicate that we will have operating income and/or net income during 2021;

however, these projections

may not be correct and our plans could change.

Also, we could incur increasing operating losses in the foreseeable future for

our commercialization activities, research and development and our pharmaceutical compounding business which would impact net

Recent changes to the accounting for equity investments require those investments to be measured at fair market value,

which may cause our earnings (losses) to become volatile as the stock prices of those equity investments fluctuate.

have been generating revenue from our pharmaceutical compounding operations, our ability to generate the revenues necessary to

achieve profitability will depend on many factors, including those discussed in this “Risk Factors” section.

plan and strategies involve costly activities that are susceptible to failure, and, therefore, we may not be able to generate

sufficient revenue to support and sustain our business or reach the level of sales and revenues necessary to achieve and sustain

profitability.

Our business,

financial condition, results of operations and stock price could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.

Related to Our Business

may not be profitable in the future.

of December 31, 2021, our accumulated deficit was $(95,407,000).

Our current projections indicate that we will have operating income

and/or net income during 2022;

however, these projections may not be correct and our plans could change.

Also, we could incur increasing

operating losses in the foreseeable future for our commercialization activities, research and development, and our pharmaceutical compounding

business, which would impact net income.

Recent changes to the accounting for equity investments require those investments to be measured

at fair market value, which may cause our earnings (losses) to become volatile as the stock prices of those equity investments fluctuate.

Although we have been generating revenue from our pharmaceutical operations, our ability to generate the revenues necessary to achieve

profitability will depend on many factors, including those discussed in this “Risk Factors” section.

Our business plan and

strategies involve costly activities that are susceptible to failure, and, therefore, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue

to support and sustain our business or reach the level of sales and revenues necessary to achieve and sustain profitability.

may not receive sufficient revenue to fund our operations and recover our development costs.

business plan involves the preparation and sale of our proprietary formulations through our compounding pharmacies and outsourcing

We have limited experience operating pharmacies and commercializing compounded formulations, and we may be unable

to successfully manage this business or generate sufficient revenue to recover our development costs and operational expenses.

We may have only limited success in marketing and selling our proprietary formulations.

Although we have established and plan

to grow our internal sales teams to market and sell our proprietary formulations and other non-proprietary products, we have limited

experience with such activities and may not be able to generate sufficient physician and patient interest in our formulations

to generate significant revenue from sales of these products.

In addition, we are substantially dependent on our ImprimisRx compounding

pharmacies and outsourcing facilities, along with any pharmacy partners with which we may contract to compound and sell our formulations

business plan involves the preparation and sale of our proprietary formulations through our compounding pharmacies and outsourcing facilities,

along with the sale and marketing of FDA-approved products and drug candidates through third-party wholesaler and pharmacy channels.

We have limited experience operating pharmacies and commercializing compounded formulations and selling FDA-approved products, and we

may be unable to successfully manage this business or generate sufficient revenue to recover our development costs and operational expenses.

We may have only limited success in marketing and selling our products and formulations.

Although we have established and plan to grow

our internal sales teams to market and sell our products and formulations and other non-proprietary products, we have limited experience

with such activities and may not be able to generate sufficient physician and patient interest in our products and formulations to generate

significant revenue from sales of these products.

In addition, we are substantially dependent on our ImprimisRx compounding pharmacies

and outsourcing facilities, along with any pharmacy partners with which we may contract to compound and sell our formulations and products

using our quality standards and specifications, in a timely manner and sufficient volumes to accommodate the number of prescriptions

they receive.

Our pharmacies may be unable to compound our formulations successfully, and we may be unable to acquire, build or

enter into arrangements with pharmacies or outsourcing facilities of sufficient size, reputation and quality to implement our

business plan, which would cause our business to suffer.

loan under the Paycheck Protection Program may not be forgiven or may subject us to challenges and investigations regarding qualification

for the loan.

April 2020, we entered into an unsecured promissory note and related Business Loan Agreement with Renasant Bank, as lender, for

a loan (the “PPP Loan”), which was established under the Federal Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act

(the “CARES Act”) in the principal amount of $1,967,000.

Pursuant to Section 1106 of the CARES Act, during the year

ended December 31 ,2020, we applied for forgiveness for all of the PPP Loan, however as of the date of this Annual Report the

Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) has not made a decision related to our application for forgiveness.

Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the loan proceeds for qualifying expenses, which

include payroll costs, rent, and utility costs over the allowable measurement period following receipt of the loan proceeds.

SBA continues to develop and issue new and updated guidance regarding the PPP Loan application and forgiveness process, including

guidance regarding required borrower certifications and requirements for forgiveness of loans made under the program.

evolving nature of the guidance and depending upon our ability to use the loan proceeds for qualifying expenses, we cannot give

any assurance that our PPP Loan will be forgiven in whole or in part.

Additionally,

the PPP Loan application required us to certify that the current economic uncertainty made the PPP Loan request necessary to support

our ongoing operations.

While we made this certification in good faith after analyzing, among other things, our financial situation

and access to alternative forms of capital, and believe that we satisfied all eligibility criteria for the PPP Loan and that our

receipt of the PPP Loan is consistent with the broad objectives of the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act, the certification

described above does not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation.

In addition, the SBA has stated that

it is unlikely that a public company with substantial market value and access to capital markets will be able to make the required

certification in good faith.

The lack of clarity regarding loan eligibility under the program has resulted in significant media

coverage and controversy with respect to public companies applying for and receiving loans.

If, despite our good faith belief

that we satisfied all eligibility requirements for the PPP Loan, we are found to have been ineligible to receive the PPP Loan

or in violation of any of the laws or regulations that apply to us in connection with the PPP Loan, including the False Claims

Act, we may be subject to penalties, including significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, and would be required

to repay the PPP Loan.

We were also required to make certain certifications in our application for forgiveness, which will be

subject to audit and review by governmental entities and could subject us to significant penalties and liabilities if found to

be inaccurate, including being required to repay the PPP loan.

In addition, our receipt of the PPP Loan may result in adverse

publicity and damage to our reputation, and a review or audit by the SBA or other government entity or claims under the False

Claims Act could consume significant financial and management resources.

Any of these events could materially harm our business,

results of operations and financial condition.

may not be able to correctly estimate our future operating expenses, which could lead to cash shortfalls.

estimates of our future operating and capital expenditures are based upon our current business plan, our current operations and

our current expectations regarding the commercialization of our proprietary formulations.

Our projections have varied significantly

in the past as a result of changes to our business model and strategy, our termination of efforts to pursue FDA approval of a

drug candidate in November 2013, our acquisitions of compounding facilities and various product and corporate development opportunities

since 2014, and the expenses in developing our pharmacy facilities into outsourcing facilities and registering them as such with

We may not accurately estimate the potential revenues and expenses of our operations.

If we are unable to correctly estimate

the amount of cash necessary to fund our business, we could spend our available financial resources much faster than we expect.

If we do not have sufficient funds to continue to operate and develop our business, we could be required to seek additional financing

earlier than we expect, which may not be available when needed or at all, or be forced to delay, scale back or eliminate some

or all of our proposed operations.

have incurred significant indebtedness, which will require substantial cash to service and which subjects us to certain financial

requirements and business restrictions.

ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness depends on our future performance and ability to raise additional capital,

which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors, some of which are beyond our control.

If we are unable

to generate sufficient cash to service our debt, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets,

restructuring our debt or obtaining additional capital through equity sales or incurrence of additional debt on terms that may

be onerous or highly dilutive to our stockholders.

Our ability to engage in any of these activities would depend on the capital

markets and our financial condition at such time, and we may not be able to do so when needed, on desirable terms or at all, which

could result in a default on our debt obligations.

Additionally, our debt instrument with SWK Funding LLC (“SWK”)

contains various restrictive covenants, including, among others, our obligation to deliver to SWK certain financial and other

information, our obligation to comply with certain notice and insurance requirements, and our inability, without SWK’s prior

consent, to dispose of certain of our assets, incur certain additional indebtedness, enter into certain merger, acquisition or

change of control transactions, pay certain dividends or distributions on or repurchase any of our capital stock or incur any

lien or other encumbrance on our assets, subject to certain permitted exceptions.

Any failure by us to comply with any of these

covenants, subject to certain cure periods, or to make all payments under the debt instruments when due, would cause us to be

in default under the applicable debt instrument.

In the event of any such default, SWK may be able to foreclose on our assets

that secure the debt or declare all borrowed funds, together with accrued and unpaid interest, immediately due and payable, thereby

potentially causing all of our available cash to be used to pay our indebtedness or forcing us into bankruptcy or liquidation

if we do not then have sufficient cash available.

Any such event or occurrence could severely and negatively impact our operations

and prospects.

may need additional capital in order to continue operating our business, and such additional funds may not be available when needed,

on acceptable terms, or at all.

only recently started generating cash from operations, but we do not currently earn sufficient revenues to support our operations.

We may need significant additional capital to execute our business plan and fund our proposed business operations.

Additionally,

our plans may change or the estimates of our operating expenses and working capital requirements could be inaccurate, we may pursue

acquisitions of pharmacies or other strategic transactions that involve large expenditures, or we may experience growth more quickly

or on a larger scale than we expect, any of which may result in the depletion of capital resources more rapidly than anticipated

and could require us to seek additional financing earlier than we expect to support our operations.

have raised over $59,000,000 in funds through equity and debt financings since January 2015.

We may seek to obtain additional

capital through equity or debt financings, funding from corporate partnerships or licensing arrangements, sales of assets or other

financing transactions.

If we issue additional equity or convertible debt securities to raise funds, our existing stockholders

may experience substantial dilution, and the newly issued equity or debt securities may have more favorable terms or rights, preferences

and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders.

If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing

arrangements or sales of assets, we may have to relinquish potentially valuable rights to our drug candidates or proprietary technologies,

or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

If we raise funds by incurring additional debt, we may be required to

pay significant interest expenses and our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization may increase.

commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments and may

impose restrictions on our activities, such as the financial and operating covenants included in our loan agreement with SWK.

Further, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital and/or financing transactions, including investment banking

fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs.

We may also be required to recognize non-cash

expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as options, convertible notes and warrants, which would adversely

impact our financial results.

Related to the Commercialization of our Product Candidates

are dependent on market acceptance of compounding pharmacies and compounded formulations, and physicians may be unwilling to prescribe,

and patients may be unwilling to use, our proprietary customizable compounded formulations.

currently distribute our proprietary formulations through compounding pharmacies and an outsourcing facility.

Formulations prepared

and dispensed by compounding pharmacies contain FDA-approved ingredients, but are not themselves approved by the FDA.

compounded formulations have not undergone the FDA approval process and only limited data, if any, may be available about the

safety and efficacy of our formulations for any particular indication.

Certain compounding pharmacies have been subject to widespread

negative media coverage in recent years, and the actions of these pharmacies have resulted in increased scrutiny of compounding

pharmacy activities from the FDA and state governmental agencies.

For example, the FDA has issued formal requests to compounding

pharmacies and outsourcing facilities to conduct a recall of all non-expired, purportedly sterile drug products and to cease sterile

compounding operations due to lack of sterility assurance.

As a result, some health care providers may be reluctant to purchase

and use compounded drugs.

Our growth and future sales depend not only on our ability to demonstrate in the face of increased scrutiny

the quality and safety of our pharmacies and outsourcing facilities and our compliance with more stringent regulatory standards

at the federal and state levels, but also on the continued acceptance of compounded drugs and formulations, particularly outsourced

compounded drugs and formulations, in the marketplace.

incident similar to the fungal meningitis outbreak in 2012, which was caused by a compounding pharmacy employing a non-sterile-to-sterile

business model, could cause our customers to reduce their use of compounded formulations significantly or even stop using compounded

drugs altogether.

States have in the past, and could in the future, enact regulation prohibiting or restricting the use of compounding

pharmacies and outsourcing facilities in response to such incidents.

Such prohibitions or restrictions by states or reduced customer

demand as a result of an incident with compounded drugs and formulations could have a material adverse effect on our business,

results of operations and financial condition.

August 2017, the FDA issued a MedWatch notification regarding our curcumin emulsion and two adverse events that had been associated

with the use of these emulsions by prescribing physicians.

We issued a press release on August 7, 2017, clarifying certain facts

regarding the notice which outlined our belief that the adverse events associated with the two patients occurred due to an allergic

reaction caused by the products being inappropriately administered and obtained by the prescribing physician, and our use of curcumin

and excipients in our curcumin emulsion formulation met regulatory standards required for dispensing of the curcumin emulsion.

In September 2017, the FDA released a letter confirming that the alleged misuse of certain ingredients in our curcumin emulsions

were due to mislabeling by the underlying supplier, and not of our own misdoing.

We no longer compound curcumin emulsion products.

Separately, in December 2017, we were issued a warning letter from the FDA alleging that, in their interpretation of our public

communications, we had made false or misleading claims and omitted risk and side effect information regarding certain of our ophthalmology

focused compounded medications.

We immediately performed a full review of our public communications referenced in the warning

letter and responded to the FDA in January 2018.

Notwithstanding our continued belief that our public communications were not

in fact false and misleading, we have been in communication with the FDA and are taking steps to address the items outlined in

the FDA letter.

In June 2019, our outsourcing facility was issued a warning letter related to an April 2017 inspection and our

use of certain active pharmaceutical ingredients in our compounded medications.

During September 2020 through January 2021, our

New Jersey based outsourcing facility was inspected by the FDA (the “2020 Inspection”) and certain observations

were made by the FDA in a Form 483.

Five observations made during the 2020 Inspection were considered repeat observations

from a 2017 FDA inspection.

In addition, during the 2020 Inspection, the FDA noted that we were compounding drugs for which

there is no change that produces for an individual patient a clinical difference, as determined by a prescribing practitioner

between a compounded drug and the comparable approved drug.

We have responded to the FDA regarding all of their observations

from the 2020 Inspection, including providing documentation from prescribing clinicians that indicate a clinical difference between

our compounded drugs and the comparable approved drugs, while also committing to amend our order process to collect “medical

necessity/clinical difference” information for each order of our compounded drugs on a go-forward basis.

will continue to work and communicate with the FDA to assure that all allegations in the warning letters and 483s have been addressed.

We believe, to date, we have addressed all of the material items of concern in the FDA’s 483, warning letters and those

related to the MedWatch notification (and any other requirements observed by the FDA and noted to us), and we do not believe

there will be any further action taken by the FDA in these matters.

Nonetheless, these items increased further scrutiny

and negative publicity on us as a company.

As part of our commitment to actively work with regulators, at times, we have become

aware of concerns related to certain formulations, and as a result, discontinued compounding certain drug formulations in an attempt

to help mitigate potential regulatory risk.

As a result of the MedWatch notice, warning letters and other regulatory notifications,

some physicians may be hesitant to prescribe and some patients may be hesitant to purchase and use non-FDA-approved compounded

formulations, particularly when an FDA-approved potential alternative is available.

For other reasons, physicians may be unwilling

to prescribe or patients may be unwilling to use our proprietary compounded formulations, including the following:

legal prohibitions

on our ability to discuss the efficacy or safety of our formulations with potential users to the extent applicable data is available;

our pharmacy operations are primarily operating on a cash-pay basis and reimbursement may or may not be available from third-party

payors, including the government Medicare and Medicaid programs;

and certain formulations are not required to be prepared and

are not presently being prepared in a manufacturing facility governed by cGMP requirements.

Any failure by physicians, patients

and/or third-party payors to accept and embrace compounded formulations could substantially limit our market and cause our operations

are many competitive risks related to marketing and selling our proprietary formulations and operating our compounding pharmacy

pharmaceutical and pharmacy industries are highly competitive.

We compete against branded drug companies, generic drug companies,

outsourcing facilities and other compounding pharmacies.

We are significantly smaller than some of our competitors.

we lack some of the financial and other resources needed to develop, produce, distribute and market our proprietary formulations

at a level to capture a significant market share in these sectors.

The drug products available through branded and generic drug

companies with which our formulations compete have been approved for marketing and sale by the FDA and are required to be manufactured

in facilities compliant with cGMP standards.

Although we prepare our compounded formulations in accordance with the standards

provided by the United States Pharmacopeia (“USP”) <795> and USP <797> and applicable state and federal

law, our proprietary compounded formulations are not required to be, and have not been, approved for marketing and sale by the

As a result, some physicians may be unwilling to prescribe, and some patients may be unwilling to use, our formulations.

Additionally, under federal and state laws applicable to our current compounding pharmacy operations, we are not permitted to

prepare significant amounts of a specific formulation in advance of a prescription, compound quantities for office use or utilize

a wholesaler for distribution of our formulations;

instead, our compounded formulations must be prepared and dispensed in connection

with a physician prescription for an individually identified patient.

Pharmaceutical companies, on the other hand, are able to

sell their FDA-approved products to large pharmaceutical wholesalers, which can in turn sell to and supply hospitals and retail

Even if we are successful in registering certain of our facilities as outsourcing facilities, our business may not

be scalable on the scope available to our competitors that produce FDA-approved drugs, which may limit our potential for profitable

These facets of our operations may subject our business to limitations our competitors with FDA-approved drugs may

future success depends in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to biotechnology and related

pharmaceutical technologies .

Biotechnology

and related pharmaceutical technologies have undergone and continue to be subject to rapid and significant change.

success will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to these technologies.

developed by our competitors, including FDA-approved drugs and compounded formulations created by other pharmacies, could render

our products and technologies obsolete or unable to compete.

Any products that we develop may become obsolete before we recover

expenses incurred in their development, which may require us to raise additional funds that may or may not be available.

The competitive

environment requires an ongoing, extensive search for medical and technological innovations and the ability to develop and market

these innovations effectively, and we may not be competitive with respect to these factors.

Other competitive factors include

the safety and efficacy of a product, the size of the market for a product, the timing of market entry relative to competitive

products, the availability of alternative compounded formulations or approved drugs, the price of a product relative to alternative

products, the availability of third-party reimbursement, the success of sales and marketing efforts, brand recognition and the

availability of scientific and technical information about a product.

Although we believe we are positioned to compete favorably

with respect to many of these factors, if our proprietary formulations are unable to compete with the products of our competitors,

we may never gain market share or achieve sustained profitability.

ability to generate revenues will be diminished if we fail to obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement from

third-party payors.

our ImprimisRx compounding pharmacies operate on mostly a cash-pay basis and do not submit large amounts of claims for reimbursement

through Medicare, Medicaid or other third-party payors.

As part of our Imprimis Cares initiative, we work with third-party insurers,

pharmacy benefit managers and buying groups to offer patient-specific customizable compounded formulations at accessible prices.

We plan to continue to devote time and other resources to seek reimbursement and patient pay opportunities for these and other

compounded formulations.

We have hired pharmacy billers to process certain existing reimbursement opportunities for certain formulations.

However, we may be unsuccessful in achieving these goals, as many third-party payors have imposed significant restrictions on

reimbursement for compounded formulations in recent years.

Moreover, third-party payors, including Medicare, are attempting to

contain health care costs by limiting coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to

provide coverage for uses of approved products for disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval.

the Health Care Reform Law may have a considerable impact on the existing U.S.

system for the delivery and financing of health

care and could conceivably have a material effect on our business.

As a result, reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid and other

third-party payors may never be available for any of our products or, if available, may not be sufficient to allow us to sell

the products on a competitive basis and at desirable price points.

If government and other third-party payors do not provide adequate

coverage and reimbursement levels for our formulations, the market acceptance for our formulations may be limited.

Additionally,

we are making efforts to normalize the pricing for our currently available proprietary compounded formulations.

Any efforts to

attain optimized pricing for our Dropless Therapy or any of our other proprietary formulations could fail, which could make our

products less attractive or unavailable to some patients or could reduce our margins.

may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize our proprietary formulations or any other assets we may acquire.

have acquired assets related to compoundable formulations, and we have entered into one license agreement for rights to commercialize

a compounding formulation.

We are currently pursuing development and commercialization opportunities with respect to certain of

these formulations, and we are in the process of assessing certain of our other assets in order to determine whether to pursue

their development or commercialization.

In addition, we expect to consider the acquisition of additional intellectual property

rights or other assets in the future.

Once we determine to pursue a potential drug candidate, we develop a commercialization strategy

for it, which may include marketing and selling the formulation in compounded form through compounding pharmacies or outsourcing

facilities, or pursuing FDA approval of the drug candidate.

We may incorrectly assess the risks and benefits of the commercialization

options or we may not pursue a commercialization strategy that proves to be successful.

If we are unable to successfully commercialize

one or more of our proprietary formulations, our operating results would be adversely affected.

Even if we are able to successfully

sell one or more proprietary formulations, we may never recoup our investment in acquiring or developing the formulations.

failure to identify and expend our resources on formulations and technologies with commercial potential and execute an effective

commercialization strategy for each of our formulations would negatively impact the long-term profitability of our business.

Related to Our Operations

COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on our business and results of operations and is expected to continue to have further

adverse effects, which could be material, on our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and capital

Our pharmacies may be unable to compound our formulations successfully, and we may be unable to acquire, build or enter

into arrangements with pharmacies or outsourcing facilities of sufficient size, reputation and quality to implement our business plan,

which would cause our business to suffer.

COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on our business and results of operations and is expected to continue to have further adverse

effects, which could be material, on our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and capital investments.

March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic.

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impacted the global economy, disrupted supply chains and created significant volatility in financial markets.

We have implemented

business policies intended to protect our employees from the spread of COVID-19.

Those policies include employees working from

home when possible and employees in our facilities increasing physical distancing.

March 18, 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) released guidance for U.S.

healthcare providers

to limit all elective medical procedures in order to conserve personal protective equipment and limit exposure to COVID-19 during

the pendency of the pandemic.

Many of our customers use our products in procedures impacted by the guidance.

In addition to limiting

medical procedures, many hospitals and other healthcare providers have strictly limited access to their facilities during the

We cannot predict the duration or scope of the pandemic, actions that may be taken by governments and businesses in

response to the pandemic, or the impacts of the pandemic on healthcare systems.

The impacts of the pandemic may include, but are

not limited to:

revenues from our customers, including our major customers, whose products are impacted by CMS guidance to limit elective

medical procedures;

ability or willingness of third parties to market, distribute and sell our products, due to reduced demand from, or lack of

access to, healthcare facilities and providers;

We have implemented business

policies intended to protect our employees from the spread of COVID-19.

Those policies include employees working from home when possible

and employees in our facilities increasing physical distancing.

March 18, 2020, CMS released guidance for U.S.

healthcare providers to limit all elective medical procedures in order to conserve personal

protective equipment and limit exposure to COVID-19 during the pendency of the pandemic.

Many of our customers use our products in procedures

impacted by the guidance.

In addition to limiting medical procedures, many hospitals and other healthcare providers have strictly limited

access to their facilities during the pandemic.

We cannot predict the duration or scope of the pandemic, actions that may be taken by

governments and businesses in response to the pandemic, or the impacts of the pandemic on healthcare systems.

The impacts of the pandemic

may include, but are not limited to:

revenues from our customers, including our major customers, whose products are impacted by CMS guidance to limit elective medical

ability or willingness of third parties to market, distribute and sell our products, due to reduced demand from, or lack of access

to, healthcare facilities and providers;

ability, or inability, to complete clinical trials and other activities required to achieve regulatory clearance of our products

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or lost access to third-party service providers that we use in our research and development or marketing efforts;

cash flow from our operations due to reductions in revenues or collections from our customers and increases in operating costs

related to actions we have taken in response to the pandemic;

business productivity due to inefficiencies in employees working from home or increasing physical distancing and other pandemic

response protocols in our production facilities;

susceptibility to the risk of information technology security breaches and other disruptions due to increased volumes of remote

access to our information systems from our employees working at home;

cash flow from our operations due to reductions in revenues or collections from our customers and increases in operating costs related

to actions we have taken in response to the pandemic;

business productivity due to inefficiencies in employees working from home or increasing physical distancing and other pandemic response

protocols in our production facilities;

susceptibility to the risk of information technology security breaches and other disruptions due to increased volumes of remote access

to our information systems from our employees working at home;

to source sufficient components used in our products due to disruptions in supply chains;

ability to identify, evaluate and acquire, or effectively integrate, complementary businesses, products, materials or technologies

due to travel restrictions, physical distancing protocols, and lack of access to third party service providers related to

our development activities;

of manufacturing capacity, which could lead to failures to meet product delivery commitments, or increased operating costs

if one of our facilities were to experience a COVID-19 outbreak;

in assessing and securing intellectual property rights due to lack of access to, or delayed responsiveness of, third party

service providers or governmental agencies;

ability to retain personnel over concerns about workplace exposure to COVID-19, or to hire and effectively train new personnel,

due to physical distancing protocols;

due to travel restrictions, physical distancing protocols, and lack of access to third-party service providers related to our development

of manufacturing capacity, which could lead to failures to meet product delivery commitments, or increased operating costs if one

of our facilities were to experience a COVID-19 outbreak;

in assessing and securing intellectual property rights due to lack of access to, or delayed responsiveness of, third-party service

providers or governmental agencies;

ability to retain personnel over concerns about workplace exposure to COVID-19, or to hire and effectively train new personnel, due

to physical distancing protocols;

of goodwill or other assets due to reductions in the fair value of our reporting units.

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cash flows, financial condition, and capital investments.

Actual or anticipated adverse effects on our cash flows or financial

condition may lead us to seek additional funding.

Any future debt financing into which we enter may impose upon us covenants that

restrict our operations, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our

common stock, make certain investments and engage in certain merger, consolidation or asset sale transactions.

We cannot be certain

that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

If we do not have, or are not able to obtain, sufficient

funds, we may have to delay development or commercialization of our products or otherwise curtail our operations.

events could materially harm our business and operating results.

Actual or anticipated adverse effects on our cash flows or financial condition

may lead us to seek additional funding.

Any future debt financing into which we enter may impose upon us covenants that restrict our

operations, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our common stock, make

certain investments and engage in certain merger, consolidation or asset sale transactions.

We cannot be certain that additional funding

will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

If we do not have, or are not able to obtain, sufficient funds, we may have to delay

development or commercialization of our products or otherwise curtail our operations.

Any of these events could materially harm our business

and operating results.

disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.

operations, and those of contract research organizations (or CROs), contractors and consultants, could be subject to power shortages,

telecommunications failures, wildfires, water shortages, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions,

medical epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions for which

operations, and those of contract research organizations (“CROs”), contractors and consultants, could be subject to power

shortages, telecommunications failures, wildfires, water shortages, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather

conditions, medical epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions for which

we are predominantly self-insured.

The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and

financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.

Our ability to obtain clinical supplies of our product candidates could

be disrupted if the operations of our contract manufacturers, or the contract manufacturers of our development partners, are affected

by a man-made or natural disaster or other business interruption.

sell our proprietary formulations primarily through pharmaceutical compounding facilities we own, but we may not be successful

in our efforts to integrate these businesses into our operations.

The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and financial

condition and increase our costs and expenses.

Our ability to obtain clinical supplies of our product candidates could be disrupted if

the operations of our contract manufacturers or the contract manufacturers of our development partners are affected by a man-made or

natural disaster or other business interruption.

sell our proprietary formulations primarily through pharmaceutical compounding facilities we own, but we may not be successful in our

efforts to integrate these businesses into our operations.

currently have two compounding facilities in New Jersey.

We may plan to expand our pharmacy operations and personnel and develop

our facilities into a unified group compounding pharmacy facilities.

We have developed “ImprimisRx” as a uniform brand

for our compounding facilities and ophthalmology focused pharmaceutical compounding business.

We may expand our pharmacy operations and personnel.

We have developed “ImprimisRx”

as a uniform brand for our compounding facilities and ophthalmology focused pharmaceutical business.

We have limited experience acquiring,

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In addition, as we have in the past purchased and operated certain pharmaceutical

compounding businesses and pharmacies and subsequently divested or sold those associated assets, we may pursue similar strategies

in the future.

Those things considered, we may experience difficulties implementing and/or executing on our compounding pharmacy

strategy, including difficulties that arise as a result of our lack of experience, and we may be unsuccessful and our plans may

change materially.

compounding businesses and pharmacies and subsequently divested or sold those associated assets, we may pursue similar strategies in

Those things considered, we may experience difficulties implementing and/or executing on our compounding pharmacy strategy,

including difficulties that arise as a result of our lack of experience, and we may be unsuccessful and our plans may change materially.

For instance:

have experienced delays and increased costs in relation to expansion efforts;

may not be able to satisfy applicable federal and state licensing and other requirements for any of our pharmacy businesses

in a timely manner or at all;

may not be able to satisfy applicable federal and state licensing and other requirements for any of our pharmacy businesses in a

timely manner or at all;

to federal and state pharmacy regulations may restrict compounding operations or make them more costly;

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on acceptable terms or at all.

all our efforts to expand pharmacy operations will involve significant costs and other resources, which we may not be able to

afford and may disrupt our other operations and distract management and employees from the other aspects of our business.

result, our business could materially suffer if we are unable to further develop a group of unified compounding facilities and,

even if we are successful, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to recover our costs.

we do not successfully identify and acquire rights to potential formulations and successfully integrate them into our operations,

our growth opportunities may be limited.

plan to pursue the development of new proprietary compounded formulations in the ophthalmology and/or other therapeutic areas,

which may include continued activities to develop and commercialize current assets or, if and as opportunities arise, potential

acquisitions of new intellectual property rights and assets.

We also intend to seek opportunities to introduce new lower-cost

compounded formulation alternatives to higher-priced FDA-approved drugs.

However, we expect acquisitions of compounding pharmacies

to provide us with only limited research and development support and access to additional novel compounded formulations.

historically relied, and we expect to continue to rely, primarily upon third parties to provide us with additional development

opportunities.

We may seek to enter into acquisition agreements or licensing arrangements to obtain rights to develop new formulations

in the future, but only if we are able to identify attractive formulations and negotiate acquisition or license agreements on

terms acceptable to us, which we may not be able to do.

Moreover, we have limited resources to acquire additional potential product

development assets and integrate them into our business.

Acquisition opportunities may involve competition among several potential

purchasers, which could include large multi-national pharmaceutical companies and other competitors that have access to greater

financial resources than we do.

If we are unable to obtain rights to development opportunities from third parties and we are unable

to rely upon our compounding pharmacies and current and future relationships with pharmacists, physicians and other inventors

to provide us with additional development opportunities, our growth and prospects could be limited.

product development strategy is to focus on a select few therapeutic areas in which we believe there is broad market potential,

large unmet needs and/or unique value to physicians and patients and to develop and offer formulations within these therapeutic

areas that could afford us with gross margins.

However, our expectations and assumptions about market potential and patient needs

may prove to be wrong, and we may invest capital and other resources on formulations that do not generate sufficient revenues

for us to recoup our investment.

have in the past and may in the future participate in strategic transactions that could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses

and distract our management.

time to time we consider engaging in strategic transactions, such as out-licensing or in-licensing of compounds or technologies,

acquisitions of companies, and asset purchases.

We may also consider a variety of different business arrangements in the future,

including strategic partnerships, joint ventures, spin-offs, restructurings, divestitures, business combinations and investments.

In addition, another entity may pursue us or certain of our assets or aspects of our operations as an acquisition target.

such transactions may require us to incur expenses specific to the transaction and not incident to our operations, may increase

our near- and long-term expenditures, may pose significant integration challenges, may require us to hire or otherwise engage

personnel with additional expertise, or may result in our selling or licensing of our assets or technologies under terms that

may not prove profitable, any of which could harm our operations and financial results.

Such transactions may also entail numerous

other operational and financial risks, including, among others, exposure to unknown liabilities, disruption of our business and

diversion of our management’s time and attention in order to develop acquired products, drug candidates, technologies or

part of our efforts to complete any significant transaction, we would need to expend significant resources to conduct business,

legal and financial due diligence, with the goal of identifying and evaluating material risks involved in the transaction.

may be unsuccessful in ascertaining or evaluating all the risks and, as a result, we may not realize the expected benefits of

the transaction, whether due to unidentified risks, integration difficulties, regulatory setbacks or other events.

material liabilities for the past activities of any businesses we partner with or acquire.

If any of these events occur, we could

be subject to significant costs and damage to our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

business and operations would suffer in the event of cybersecurity or other system failures.

the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of any third parties with which we partner are

vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical

While we have not experienced any cybersecurity or system failure, accident or breach to date, if an event were to occur,

it could result in a material disruption of our operations, substantial costs to rectify or correct the failure, if possible,

and potentially violation of HIPAA and other privacy laws applicable to our operations.

For example, the CCPA became effective

on January 1, 2020 and gave California residents expanded rights to access and require deletion of their personal information,

opt out of certain personal information sharing and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used.

The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase

data breach litigation.

Although the CCPA includes exemptions for certain clinical trials data, and HIPAA-protected health information,

the law may increase our compliance costs and potential liability with respect to other personal information we collect about

California residents.

The CCPA has prompted a number of proposals for new federal and state privacy legislation.

Other countries

also have, or are developing, laws governing the collection, use and transmission of personal information, such as the GDPR in

the EU that became effective in May 2018 and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act that became effective

in Canada in April 2000.

We anticipate that over time we may expand our business to include operations outside of the United States.

With such expansion, we would be subject to increased governmental regulation in the EU countries in which we might operate, including

These laws and similar laws adopted in the future could increase our potential liability, increase our compliance costs

and adversely affect our business.

If any disruption or security breach resulted in a loss of or damage to our data or applications

or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or protected information, we could incur liability, further development of our proprietary

formulations could be delayed, and our pharmacy operations could be disrupted, subject to restriction or forced to terminate their

operations, any of which could severely harm our business and prospects.

market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and stock price.

time to time, including recently as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme

volatility and disruptions, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence,

declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability.

Our general business strategy

may be adversely affected by any such economic downturn, volatile business environment and continued unpredictable and unstable

market conditions.

If the equity and credit markets deteriorate it may make any debt or equity financing more difficult to complete,

more costly, and more dilutive.

In the event the Company or one of its subsidiaries needed to access additional capital, failure

to secure financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, financial

performance and stock price and could require us to delay or abandon development plans.

In addition, there is a risk that one

or more of our current service providers, manufacturers and other partners may not survive an economic downturn, which could directly

affect our ability to attain our operating goals on schedule and on budget.

Related to Regulatory Approval and Other Legal Compliance Matters

all our efforts to expand pharmacy operations will involve significant costs and other resources, which we may not be able to afford

and may disrupt our other operations and distract management and employees from the other aspects of our business.

As a result, our business

could materially suffer if we are unable to further develop a group of unified compounding facilities and, even if we are successful,

we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to recover our costs.

are dependent on market acceptance of compounding pharmacies and compounded formulations, and physicians may be unwilling to prescribe,

and patients may be unwilling to use, our proprietary customizable compounded formulations.

currently distribute our proprietary formulations through compounding pharmacies and an outsourcing facility.

Formulations prepared and

dispensed by compounding pharmacies contain FDA-approved ingredients, but are not themselves approved by the FDA.

Thus, our compounded

formulations have not undergone the FDA approval process and only limited data, if any, may be available about the safety and efficacy

of our formulations for any particular indication.

Certain compounding pharmacies have been subject to widespread negative media coverage

in recent years, and the actions of these pharmacies have resulted in increased scrutiny of compounding pharmacy activities from the

FDA and state governmental agencies.

For example, the FDA has issued formal requests to compounding pharmacies and outsourcing facilities

to conduct a recall of all non-expired, purportedly sterile drug products and to cease sterile compounding operations due to lack of

sterility assurance.

As a result, some health care providers may be reluctant to purchase and use compounded drugs.

Our growth and future

sales depend not only on our ability to demonstrate in the face of increased scrutiny the quality and safety of our pharmacies and outsourcing

facilities and our compliance with more stringent regulatory standards at the federal and state levels, but also on the continued acceptance

of compounded drugs and formulations, particularly outsourced compounded drugs and formulations, in the marketplace.

incident similar to the fungal meningitis outbreak in 2012, which was caused by a compounding pharmacy employing a non-sterile-to-sterile

business model, could cause our customers to reduce their use of compounded formulations significantly or even stop using compounded

drugs altogether.

States have in the past, and could in the future, enact regulations prohibiting or restricting the use of compounding

pharmacies and outsourcing facilities in response to such incidents.

Such prohibitions or restrictions by states or reduced customer

demand as a result of an incident with compounded drugs and formulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results

of operations and financial condition.

August 2017, the FDA issued a MedWatch notification regarding our curcumin emulsion and two adverse events that had been associated with

the use of these emulsions by prescribing physicians.

We issued a press release on August 7, 2017, clarifying certain facts regarding

the notice which outlined our belief that the adverse events associated with the two patients occurred due to an allergic reaction caused

by the products being inappropriately administered and obtained by the prescribing physician, and our use of curcumin and excipients

in our curcumin emulsion formulation met regulatory standards required for dispensing of the curcumin emulsion.

In September 2017, the

FDA released a letter confirming that the alleged misuse of certain ingredients in our curcumin emulsions were due to mislabeling by

the underlying supplier, and not of our own misdoing.

We no longer compound curcumin emulsion products.

Separately, in December 2017,

we were issued a warning letter from the FDA alleging that, in their interpretation of our public communications, we had made false or

misleading claims and omitted risk and side effect information regarding certain of our ophthalmology focused compounded medications.

We immediately performed a full review of our public communications referenced in the warning letter and responded to the FDA in January

Notwithstanding our continued belief that our public communications were not in fact false and misleading, we have been in communication

with the FDA and are taking steps to address the items outlined in the FDA letter.

In June 2019, our outsourcing facility was issued

a warning letter related to an April 2017 inspection and our use of certain active pharmaceutical ingredients in our compounded medications.

During September 2020 through January 2021, our New Jersey based outsourcing facility was inspected by the FDA (the “2020 Inspection”)

and certain observations were made by the FDA in a Form 483.

Five observations made during the 2020 Inspection were considered repeat

observations from a 2017 FDA inspection.

In addition, during the 2020 Inspection, the FDA noted that we were compounding drugs for which

there is no change that produces for an individual patient a clinical difference, as determined by a prescribing practitioner between

a compounded drug and the comparable approved drug.

We have responded to the FDA regarding all of their observations from the 2020 Inspection,

including providing documentation from prescribing clinicians that indicate a clinical difference between our compounded drugs and the

comparable approved drugs, while also committing to amend our order process to collect “medical necessity/clinical difference”

information for each order of our compounded drugs on a go-forward basis.

have worked and communicated, and will continue to work and communicate, with the FDA to assure that all allegations in the warning letters

and 483s have been addressed.

We believe, to date, we have addressed all of the material items of concern in the FDA’s 483, warning

letters and those related to the MedWatch notification (and any other requirements observed by the FDA and noted to us), and we do not

believe there will be any further action taken by the FDA in these matters.

Nonetheless, these items increased further scrutiny and negative

publicity on us as a company.

As part of our commitment to actively work with regulators, at times, we have become aware of concerns

related to certain formulations, and as a result, discontinued compounding certain drug formulations in an attempt to help mitigate potential

regulatory risk.

As a result of the MedWatch notice, warning letters and other regulatory notifications, some physicians may be hesitant

to prescribe and some patients may be hesitant to purchase and use non-FDA-approved compounded formulations, particularly when an FDA-approved

potential alternative is available.

For other reasons, physicians may be unwilling to prescribe or patients may be unwilling to use our

proprietary compounded formulations, including the following:

legal prohibitions on our ability to discuss the efficacy or safety of

our formulations with potential users to the extent applicable data is available;

our pharmacy operations are primarily operating on

a cash-pay basis and reimbursement may or may not be available from third-party payors, including the government Medicare and Medicaid

and certain formulations are not required to be prepared and are not presently being prepared in a manufacturing facility governed

by cGMP requirements.

Any failure by physicians, patients and/or third-party payors to accept and embrace compounded formulations could

substantially limit our market and cause our operations to suffer.

business is significantly impacted by state and federal statutes and regulations.

proprietary formulations are comprised of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are components of drugs that have received marketing

approval from the FDA, although our proprietary compounded formulations have not themselves received FDA approval.

proprietary compounded formulations are comprised of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are components of drugs that have received

marketing approval from the FDA, although our proprietary compounded formulations have not themselves received FDA approval.

is not required in order to market and sell our compounded formulations.

In the future, we may choose to pursue FDA approval to

market and sell certain potential drug candidates.

The marketing and sale of compounded formulations is subject to and must comply

with extensive state and federal statutes and regulations governing compounding pharmacies.

These statutes and regulations include,

among other things, restrictions on compounding for office use or in advance of receiving a patient-specific prescription or,

for outsourcing facilities, requirements regarding preparation, such as regular FDA inspections and cGMP requirements, prohibitions

on compounding drugs that are essentially copies of FDA-approved drugs, limitations on the volume of compounded formulations that

may be sold across state lines, and prohibitions on wholesaling or reselling.

These and other restrictions on the activities of

compounding pharmacies and outsourcing facilities may significantly limit the market available for compounded formulations, compared

to the market available for FDA-approved drugs.

We own, we are pursuing FDA approval to market and sell drug

candidates, both owned by us and by Melt and Surface, FDA approval of those drug candidates, along with the marketing and sale of FDA-approved

drugs and compounded formulations is subject to and must comply with extensive state and federal statutes and regulations governing those

products and compounding pharmacies.

These compounding statutes and regulations include, among other things, restrictions on compounding

for office use or in advance of receiving a patient-specific prescription or, for outsourcing facilities, requirements regarding preparation,

such as regular FDA inspections and cGMP requirements, prohibitions on compounding drugs that are essentially copies of FDA-approved

drugs, limitations on the volume of compounded formulations that may be sold across state lines, and prohibitions on wholesaling or reselling.

These and other restrictions on the activities of compounding pharmacies and outsourcing facilities may significantly limit the market

available for compounded formulations, compared to the market available for FDA-approved drugs.

pharmacy business is impacted by federal and state laws and regulations governing the following:

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compounding, dispensing, reimbursement, marketing and labeling of prescription drugs and related services including:

state regulation affecting the pharmacy and pharmaceutical industries, including state pharmacy licensure and registration or

permit standards;

rules and regulations issued pursuant to HIPAA and other state and federal laws related to the use, disclosure

and transmission of health information;

FDA and/or state

regulation affecting the pharmacy and pharmaceutical industries, including state pharmacy licensure and registration or permit standards;

rules and regulations issued pursuant to HIPAA and other state and federal laws related to the use, disclosure and transmission of health

and state and federal controlled substance laws.

Our failure to comply with any of these

laws and regulations could severely limit or curtail our pharmacy operations, which would materially harm our business and prospects.

Further, our business could be adversely affected by changes in these or any newly enacted laws and regulations, and federal and

state agency interpretations of the statutes and regulations.

Statutory or regulatory changes could require us to make changes

to our business model and operations and/or could require us to incur significantly increased costs to comply with such regulations.

Our failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could severely

limit or curtail our pharmacy operations, which would materially harm our business and prospects.

Further, our business could be adversely

affected by changes in these or any newly enacted laws and regulations, and federal and state agency interpretations of the statutes

and regulations.

Statutory or regulatory changes could require us to make changes to our business model and operations and/or could require

us to incur significantly increased costs to comply with such regulations.

July 30, 2020, the FDA issued a notice for comments related to certain bulk drug substances to be removed from the 503B Bulk’s

List (or Category 1 List).

Included in this notice for comment were certain bulk drug substances which we currently use in some

of our compounded products.

In the event one or more of these bulk substances are ultimately removed from the Category 1 List,

we intend to utilize commercially available versions of these substances or similar active pharmaceutical ingredients as replacements

of the bulk powders contained in our sterile products.

In addition, nothing in the FDA’s notice affects the dispensing of

bulk powder-containing products from our 503A pharmacy.

Nonetheless, if all or some of the bulk drug substances we use are removed

from the 503B Bulk’s List, this may result in a disruption in our operations, revenues and cash flows.

Included in this notice for comment were certain bulk drug substances which we currently use in some of our

compounded products.

In the event one or more of these bulk substances are ultimately removed from the Category 1 List, we intend to

utilize commercially available versions of these substances or similar active pharmaceutical ingredients as replacements of the bulk

powders contained in our sterile products.

In addition, nothing in the FDA’s notice affects the dispensing of bulk powder-containing

products from our 503A pharmacy.

Nonetheless, if all or some of the bulk drug substances we use are removed from the 503B Bulk’s

List, this may result in a disruption in our operations, revenues and cash flows.

October 27, 2020, the FDA announced availability of a final Memorandum of Understanding, Addressing Certain Distributions of Compounded

Human Drug Products Between the State Board of Pharmacy or Other Appropriate State Agency and the Food and Drug Administration

The MOU describes the responsibilities of a state board of pharmacy, or other appropriate state agency

that chooses to sign the MOU, in investigating and responding to complaints related to drug products compounded in such state

and distributed outside such state and in addressing the interstate distribution of inordinate amounts of compounded human drug

Additionally, as part of the MOU, FDA refined the definition of “inordinate amount,” a threshold for certain

information identification and sharing which does not place a limit on the distribution of compounded human drug products interstate

by a pharmacy located in a state that has entered into the MOU.

Section 503A of the FDCA sets a five percent limit on compounded

drugs distributed outside the state by a pharmacist, pharmacy or physician located in a state that has not entered into the MOU.

have 365 days to sign the MOU, before the FDA intends to enforce the five percent limit described in Section 503A of the FDCA

in states that have not signed the MOU.

Our pharmacy is based in the state of New Jersey, and we believe the state board of pharmacy

in New Jersey will sign the MOU and as a result, our operations will not be materially affected by the MOU.

In the event New Jersey

does not sign the MOU, our pharmacy that operates under Section 503A may be materially affected, and we will transition as many

prescription orders as possible to our outsourcing facility, which is not subject to the MOU.

one of our pharmacies fails to comply with state statutes and regulations, the pharmacy could be required to cease operations

or become subject to restrictions that could adversely affect our business.

pharmacy laws require pharmacy locations in those states be licensed as an in-state pharmacy to dispense pharmaceuticals.

state controlled substance laws require registration and compliance with state pharmacy licensure, registration or permit standards

promulgated by the state’s pharmacy licensing authority.

Pharmacy and controlled substance laws often address the qualification

of an applicant’s personnel, the adequacy of its prescription fulfillment and inventory control practices and the adequacy

of its facilities.

If one of our pharmacies, or one with which we may partner, is found not to comply with state pharmacy and

controlled substance laws and regulations, the pharmacy could be required to cease operations or become subject to burdensome

restrictions and limitations on its business.

For example, in March 2018, the California Board of Pharmacy filed an accusation

against our subsidiary Park related to a compounded formulation we believe was legally dispensed and was, without our knowledge,

inappropriately administered to a patient unknown to us, by the prescribing healthcare professionals.

While we dispute all claims

against Park, we did enter into a settlement agreement with the California Board of Pharmacy and surrendered Park’s pharmacy

license and ceased its sterile compounding operations.

We have transferred approximately half of Park’s business to our

New Jersey based pharmacy.

Although we distribute our proprietary formulations through other compounding pharmacies, and not solely

through Park, the loss of Park’s ability to compound sterile formulations could have an adverse impact on our ability to

implement our business plan in a timely manner.

we or our partner facilities fail to comply with the Controlled Substances Act, FDCA, or similar state statutes and regulations,

the pharmacy facilities could be required to cease operations or become subject to restrictions that could adversely affect our

Human Drug Products Between the State Board of Pharmacy or Other Appropriate State Agency and the Food and Drug Administration (the “Final

The Final MOU describes the responsibilities of a state board of pharmacy, or other appropriate state agency that chooses

to sign the Final MOU, in investigating and responding to complaints related to drug products compounded in such state and distributed

outside such state and in addressing the interstate distribution of inordinate amounts of compounded human drug products.

Additionally,

as part of the Final MOU, the FDA refined the definition of “inordinate amount,” a threshold for certain information identification

and sharing which does not place a limit on the distribution of compounded human drug products interstate by a pharmacy located in a

state that has entered into the Final MOU.

Section 503A of the FDCA sets a 5% limit on compounded drugs distributed outside the state

by a pharmacist, pharmacy or physician located in a state that has not entered into the Final MOU.

February 2022, the FDA said it would suspend implementation of the Final MOU and engage in a formal rulemaking process.

During the rulemaking

process, the agency will not enter into new agreements with states based on the Final MOU.

The FDA does not expect states that have signed

the Final MOU to carry out the activities described in the Final MOU.

Thus, there is no reporting requirement for any pharmacy concerning

interstate shipments pursuant to Section 503A and will not be until the Final MOU is finalized through the rulemaking process, which

will include the engagement of a notice-and-comment and rulemaking period to implement certain provisions of Section 503A.

indicated that the process may take “several years” to complete.

In the same announcement, the FDA stated it does not intend

to enforce the statutory 5% limit on the distribution of compounded drugs out of the state in which they are compounded by compounders

located in states that do not sign the Final MOU for the duration of the rulemaking process.

one of our pharmacies fails to comply with state statutes and regulations, the pharmacy could be required to cease operations or become

subject to restrictions that could adversely affect our business.

pharmacy laws require pharmacy locations in those states to be licensed as an in-state pharmacy to dispense pharmaceuticals.

addition, state controlled substance laws require registration and compliance with state pharmacy licensure, registration or permit

standards promulgated by the state’s pharmacy licensing authority.

Pharmacy and controlled substance laws often address

the qualification of an applicant’s personnel, the adequacy of its prescription fulfillment and inventory control practices

and the adequacy of its facilities.

These laws also subject pharmacies to oversight by state boards of pharmacy and other regulators

that could impose burdensome requirements or restrictions on operations if a pharmacy is found not in compliance with these laws.

We believe that our compounding pharmacies are in material compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.

Further, if any

of our compounding pharmacies (including Park) fail to comply with regulatory requirements, they could be forced to permanently

or temporarily cease or limit their compounding operations, which would severely limit our ability to market and sell our proprietary

formulations and would materially harm our operations and prospects.

Any noncompliance could also result in complaints or adverse

actions by other state boards of pharmacy.

FDA inspection of a facility to determine compliance with the FDCA, if not successful,

may result in the loss of FDCA exemptions provided under Sections 503A and 503B, warning letters, injunctions, prosecution, fines

and loss of required government licenses, certifications and approvals, any of which could involve significant costs and could

cause us to be unable to realize the expected benefits of these pharmacies’ operations.

state controlled substance laws require registration and compliance with state pharmacy licensure, registration or permit standards promulgated

by the state’s pharmacy licensing authority.

Pharmacy and controlled substance laws often address the qualification of an applicant’s

personnel, the adequacy of its prescription fulfillment and inventory control practices and the adequacy of its facilities.

our pharmacies, or one with which we may partner, is found not to comply with state pharmacy and controlled substance laws and regulations,

the pharmacy could be required to cease operations or become subject to burdensome restrictions and limitations on its business.

we or our partner facilities fail to comply with the Controlled Substances Act, FDCA, or similar state statutes and regulations, the

pharmacy facilities could be required to cease operations or become subject to restrictions that could adversely affect our business.

pharmacy laws require pharmacy locations in those states to be licensed as an in-state pharmacy to dispense pharmaceuticals.

state controlled substance laws require registration and compliance with state pharmacy licensure, registration or permit standards promulgated

by the state’s pharmacy licensing authority.

Pharmacy and controlled substance laws often address the qualification of an applicant’s

personnel, the adequacy of its prescription fulfillment and inventory control practices and the adequacy of its facilities.

also subject pharmacies to oversight by state boards of pharmacy and other regulators that could impose burdensome requirements or restrictions

on operations if a pharmacy is found not in compliance with these laws.

We believe that our compounding pharmacies are in material compliance

with applicable regulatory requirements.

Further, if any of our compounding pharmacies (including Park) fail to comply with regulatory

requirements, they could be forced to permanently or temporarily cease or limit their compounding operations, which would severely limit

our ability to market and sell our proprietary formulations and would materially harm our operations and prospects.

Any noncompliance

could also result in complaints or adverse actions by other state boards of pharmacy.

FDA inspection of a facility to determine compliance

with the FDCA, if not successful, may result in the loss of FDCA exemptions provided under Sections 503A and 503B, warning letters, injunctions,

prosecution, fines and loss of required government licenses, certifications and approvals, any of which could involve significant costs

and could cause us to be unable to realize the expected benefits of these pharmacies’ operations.

Additionally, the permanent injunction

entered on July 22, 2019, by the United States District Court of the Central District of California in the Allergan litigation

(also referenced in Item.

3 Legal Proceedings), enjoins the Company from engaging in activities that are inconsistent with current

FDA guidelines for 503A and 503B operations.

While the Company believes its operations fully comply with the injunction, if the

Court were to find the Company to be in violation of the injunction, further sanctions including fines and limitations on the

pharmacies’ operations could occur.

we seek FDA approval to market and sell any of our proprietary formulations, such as drug candidates that we have royalty interests

in that are being developed by Melt and Surface, we may be unable to demonstrate the necessary safety and efficacy to obtain such

FDA approval.

Historically,

our business strategy was focused on developing and commercializing product opportunities as compounded formulations.

have, and in the future may, alone or with project partners, seek FDA regulatory approval to market and sell one or more of our

assets as a FDA-approved drug.

Obtaining FDA approval to market and sell pharmaceutical products is costly, time consuming, uncertain

and subject to unanticipated delays.

The FDA or other regulatory agencies may not approve a drug candidate on a timely basis or

Before we obtain FDA approval for the sale of any potential drug candidates, we will be required to demonstrate through

preclinical studies and clinical trials that it is safe and effective for each intended use, which we may not be able to do.

failure to demonstrate safety and efficacy of a drug candidate to the FDA’s satisfaction would result in our failure to

obtain FDA approval.

Moreover, even if the FDA were to grant regulatory approval of a drug candidate, the approval may be limited

to specific therapeutic areas or limited as to its distribution, which could reduce revenue potential, and we will be subject

to extensive and costly post-approval requirements and oversight with respect to commercialization of the drug candidate.

a compounded drug formulation provided through our compounding services leads to patient injury or death or results in a product

recall, we may be exposed to significant liabilities and reputational harm.

success of our business, including our proprietary formulations and pharmacy operations, is highly dependent upon medical and

patient perceptions of us and the actual safety and quality of our products.

We could be adversely affected if we, any other compounding

pharmacies or our formulations and technologies are subject to negative publicity.

We could also be adversely affected if any

of our formulations or other products we sell, any similar products sold by other companies, or any products sold by other compounding

pharmacies prove to be, or are asserted to be, harmful to patients.

For instance, if any of the components of approved drugs or

other ingredients used to produce our compounded formulations have quality or other problems that adversely affect the finished

compounded preparations, our sales could be adversely affected.

Because of our dependence upon medical and patient perceptions,

adverse publicity associated with illness or other adverse effects resulting from the use or misuse of our products, any similar

products sold by other companies, or any other compounded formulations could have a material adverse impact on our business.

assure compliance with USP guidelines, we have a policy whereby 100% of all sterile compound batches produced by our ImprimisRx

compounding pharmacies are tested prior to their delivery to patients and physicians both in-house and externally by an independent,

FDA-registered laboratory that has represented to us that it operates in compliance with current good laboratory practices.

we could still become subject to product recalls and termination or suspension of our state pharmacy licenses if we fail to fully

implement this policy, if the laboratory testing does not identify all contaminated products, or if our products otherwise cause

or appear to have caused injury or harm to patients.

In addition, laboratory testing may produce false positives, which could

harm our business and impact our pharmacy operations and licensure even if the impacted formulations are ultimately found to be

sterile and no patients are harmed by them.

If adverse events or deaths or a product recall, either voluntarily or as required

by the FDA or a state board of pharmacy, were associated with one of our proprietary formulations or any compounds prepared by

our ImprimisRx compounding pharmacies or any pharmacy partner, our reputation could suffer, physicians may be unwilling to prescribe

our proprietary formulations or order any prescriptions from such pharmacies, we could become subject to product and professional

liability lawsuits, and our state pharmacy licenses could be terminated or restricted.

If any of these events were to occur, we

may be subject to significant litigation or other costs and loss of revenue, and we may be unable to continue our pharmacy operations

and further develop and commercialize our proprietary formulations.

entered on July 22, 2019, by the United States District Court of the Central District of California in the Allergan litigation (also

referenced in Item.

3 Legal Proceedings), enjoins the Company from engaging in activities that are inconsistent with current FDA guidelines

for 503A and 503B operations.

While the Company believes its operations fully comply with the injunction, if the Court were to find the

Company to be in violation of the injunction, further sanctions, including fines and limitations on the pharmacies’ operations,

are many competitive risks related to marketing and selling our proprietary formulations and operating our compounding pharmacy business.

pharmaceutical and pharmacy industries are highly competitive.

We compete against branded drug companies, generic drug companies, outsourcing

facilities and other compounding pharmacies.

We are significantly smaller than some of our competitors.

Currently we lack some of the

financial and other resources needed to develop, produce, distribute and market our proprietary formulations at a level to capture a

significant market share in these sectors.

The drug products available through branded and generic drug companies with which our formulations

compete have been approved for marketing and sale by the FDA and are required to be manufactured in facilities compliant with cGMP standards.

Although we prepare our compounded formulations in accordance with the standards provided by the United States Pharmacopeia (“USP”)

<795> and USP <797> and applicable state and federal law, our proprietary compounded formulations are not required to be,

and have not been, approved for marketing and sale by the FDA.

As a result, some physicians may be unwilling to prescribe, and some patients

may be unwilling to use, our formulations.

Additionally, under federal and state laws applicable to our current compounding pharmacy

operations, we are not permitted to prepare significant amounts of a specific formulation in advance of a prescription, compound quantities

for office use or utilize a wholesaler for distribution of our formulations;

instead, our compounded formulations must be prepared and

dispensed in connection with a physician prescription for an individually identified patient.

Pharmaceutical companies, on the other

hand, are able to sell their FDA-approved products to large pharmaceutical wholesalers, which can in turn sell to and supply hospitals

and retail pharmacies.

Even if we are successful in registering certain of our facilities as outsourcing facilities, our business may

not be scalable on the scope available to our competitors that produce FDA-approved drugs, which may limit our potential for profitable

These facets of our operations may subject our business to limitations our competitors with FDA-approved drugs may not face.

September 2021, USP announced proposed revisions to USP <795> and <797> for public comment.

The proposed revisions include

limitations of beyond use dating of sterile and preservative-free products, and limitations on batch sizes, among other items.

a comment and review period, we expect USP to announce the final revisions to USP guidelines in 2022 or 2023 with an effective date some

time in 2023 or 2024.

If adopted, the proposed revisions to USP <797> would likely have a negative impact on revenues generated

from our 503A compounding pharmacy and limit the number of products we could sell from our 503A pharmacy.

future success depends in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to biotechnology and related pharmaceutical

technologies .

Biotechnology

and related pharmaceutical technologies have undergone and continue to be subject to rapid and significant change.

Our future success

will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to these technologies.

Products developed by

our competitors, including FDA-approved drugs and compounded formulations created by other pharmacies, could render our products and

technologies obsolete or unable to compete.

Any products that we develop may become obsolete before we recover expenses incurred in their

development, which may require us to raise additional funds that may or may not be available.

The competitive environment requires an

ongoing, extensive search for medical and technological innovations and the ability to develop and market these innovations effectively,

and we may not be competitive with respect to these factors.

Other competitive factors include the safety and efficacy of a product,

the size of the market for a product, the timing of market entry relative to competitive products, the availability of alternative compounded

formulations or approved drugs, the price of a product relative to alternative products, the availability of third-party reimbursement,

the success of sales and marketing efforts, brand recognition and the availability of scientific and technical information about a product.

Although we believe we are positioned to compete favorably with respect to many of these factors, if our proprietary formulations are

unable to compete with the products of our competitors, we may never gain market share or achieve sustained profitability.

a compounded drug formulation provided through our compounding services leads to patient injury or death or results in a product recall,

we may be exposed to significant liabilities and reputational harm.

success of our business, including our proprietary formulations and pharmacy operations, is highly dependent upon medical and patient

perceptions of us and the actual safety and quality of our products.

We could be adversely affected if we, any other compounding pharmacies

or our formulations and technologies are subject to negative publicity.

We could also be adversely affected if any of our formulations

or other products we sell, any similar products sold by other companies, or any products sold by other compounding pharmacies prove to

be, or are asserted to be, harmful to patients.

For instance, if any of the components of approved drugs or other ingredients used to

produce our compounded formulations have quality or other problems that adversely affect the finished compounded preparations, our sales

could be adversely affected.

Because of our dependence upon medical and patient perceptions, adverse publicity associated with illness

or other adverse effects resulting from the use or misuse of our products, any similar products sold by other companies, or any other

compounded formulations could have a material adverse impact on our business.

assure compliance with USP guidelines, we have a policy whereby 100% of all sterile compound batches produced by our ImprimisRx compounding

pharmacies are tested prior to their delivery to patients and physicians both in-house and externally by an independent, FDA-registered

laboratory that has represented to us that it operates in compliance with current good laboratory practices.

However, we could still

become subject to product recalls and termination or suspension of our state pharmacy licenses if we fail to fully implement this policy,

if the laboratory testing does not identify all contaminated products, or if our products otherwise cause or appear to have caused injury

or harm to patients.

In addition, laboratory testing may produce false positives, which could harm our business and impact our pharmacy

operations and licensure even if the impacted formulations are ultimately found to be sterile and no patients are harmed by them.

adverse events or deaths or a product recall, either voluntarily or as required by the FDA or a state board of pharmacy, were associated

with one of our proprietary formulations or any compounds prepared by our ImprimisRx compounding pharmacies or any pharmacy partner,

our reputation could suffer, physicians may be unwilling to prescribe our proprietary formulations or order any prescriptions from such

pharmacies, we could become subject to product and professional liability lawsuits, and our state pharmacy licenses could be terminated

or restricted.

If any of these events were to occur, we may be subject to significant litigation or other costs and loss of revenue,

and we may be unable to continue our pharmacy operations and further develop and commercialize our proprietary formulations.

carry product and professional liability insurance, which may be inadequate.

1 unchanged sentence

our current or future insurance coverage may prove insufficient to cover any liability claims brought against us.

Because of the

increasing costs of insurance coverage, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or at a level adequate

to satisfy liabilities that may arise.

Related to Human Capital Matters

are dependent on our Chief Executive Officer, Mark L.

Baum, and other key persons for the continued growth and development of

Chief Executive Officer, Mark L.

Baum, has played a primary role in creating and developing our current business model.

Baum has played a primary role in securing much of our material intellectual property rights and related assets, as well as

the means to make and distribute our current products.

We are highly dependent on Mr.

Baum for the implementation of our business

plan and the future development of our assets and our business, and the loss of Mr.

Baum’s services and leadership would

likely materially adversely impact our Company.

We presently maintain key man insurance for Mr.

In addition, our loan agreement

identifies other key persons including, but not limited to, our Chief Financial Officer, Andrew R.

Boll, and the President of

ImprimisRx, John P.

we are unable to attract and retain key personnel and consultants, we may be unable to maintain or expand our business.

have been focusing on building our management, pharmacy, research and development, sales and marketing and other personnel to

pursue our current business model.

To achieve our planned growth, we may have significant difficulty attracting and retaining

necessary employees.

Because of the specialized nature of our business, the ability to develop products and to compete will remain

highly dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified pharmacy, scientific, technical and commercial employees and

There is intense competition to hire qualified personnel in our industry, and we may be unable to continue to attract

and retain the qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business.

The loss of key employees or consultants or

the failure to recruit or engage new employees and consultants could have a material adverse effect on our business.

any staffing interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism,

adverse public health developments such as the outbreak of the COVID-19 novel coronavirus, or natural disasters including earthquakes,

typhoons, floods and fires, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Because of the increasing

costs of insurance coverage, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or at a level adequate to satisfy

liabilities that may arise.

may not be able to correctly estimate our future operating expenses, which could lead to cash shortfalls.

estimates of our future operating and capital expenditures are based upon our current business plan, our current operations and our current

expectations regarding the commercialization of our proprietary formulations.

Our projections have varied significantly in the past as

a result of changes to our business model and strategy, our termination of efforts to pursue FDA approval of a drug candidate in November

2013, our acquisitions of compounding facilities and various product and corporate development opportunities since 2014, and the expenses

in developing our pharmacy facilities into outsourcing facilities and registering them as such with the FDA.

We may not accurately estimate

the potential revenues and expenses of our operations.

If we are unable to correctly estimate the amount of cash necessary to fund our

business, we could spend our available financial resources much faster than we expect.

If we do not have sufficient funds to continue

to operate and develop our business, we could be required to seek additional financing earlier than we expect, which may not be available

when needed or at all, or be forced to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our proposed operations.

we do not successfully identify and acquire rights to potential formulations and successfully integrate them into our operations, our

growth opportunities may be limited.

plan to pursue the development of new proprietary compounded formulations in the ophthalmology and/or other therapeutic areas, which

may include continued activities to develop and commercialize current assets or, if and as opportunities arise, potential acquisitions

of new intellectual property rights and assets.

We also intend to seek opportunities to FDA approved products and drug candidates.

we expect acquisitions of compounding pharmacies to provide us with only limited research and development support and access to additional

novel compounded formulations.

We have historically relied, and we expect to continue to rely, primarily upon third parties to provide

us with additional development opportunities.

We may seek to enter into acquisition agreements or licensing arrangements to obtain rights

to develop new formulations and FDA approved products in the future, but only if we are able to identify attractive products and formulations

and negotiate acquisition or license agreements on terms acceptable to us, which we may not be able to do.

Moreover, we have limited

resources to acquire additional potential product development assets and integrate them into our business.

Acquisition opportunities

may involve competition among several potential purchasers, which could include large multi-national pharmaceutical companies and other

competitors that have access to greater financial resources than we do.

If we are unable to obtain rights to development and commercial

opportunities from third parties and we are unable to rely upon our compounding pharmacies and current and future relationships with

pharmacists, physicians and other inventors to provide us with additional development opportunities, our growth and prospects could be

product development strategy is to focus on a ophthalmology and eye care related products and formulations in which we believe there

is broad market potential, large unmet needs and/or unique value to physicians and patients and to develop and offer formulations and

products within these therapeutic areas that could afford us with gross and operating margins consistent with our current and historical

However, our expectations and assumptions about market potential and patient needs may prove to be wrong, and we may invest

capital and other resources on products, drug candidates, and formulations that do not generate sufficient revenues for us to recoup

our investment.

may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize our proprietary formulations or any other assets we may acquire.

have acquired assets related to compoundable formulations, drug products and drug candidates.

We are currently pursuing development and

commercialization opportunities with respect to a number of these products, drug candidates and formulations, and we are in the process

of assessing certain of our other assets in order to determine whether to pursue their development or commercialization.

we expect to consider the acquisition of additional intellectual property rights or other assets in the future.

Once we determine to

pursue a potential drug candidate, we develop a commercialization strategy for it, which may include marketing and selling the formulation

in compounded form through compounding pharmacies or outsourcing facilities, or pursuing FDA approval of the drug candidate.

We may incorrectly

assess the risks and benefits of the commercialization options or we may not pursue a commercialization strategy that proves to be successful.

If we are unable to successfully commercialize one or more of our proprietary formulations, drug products and drug candidates, our operating

results would be adversely affected.

Even if we are able to successfully sell one or more proprietary formulations, drug products and

drug candidates, we may never recoup our investment in acquiring or developing the formulations, drug products and drug candidates.

failure to identify and expend our resources and technologies with commercial potential and execute an effective commercialization strategy

for each of our formulations, drug products and drug candidates would negatively impact the long-term profitability of our business.

may need additional capital in order to continue operating our business, and such additional funds may not be available when needed,

on acceptable terms, or at all.

only recently started generating cash from operations, but we do not currently earn sufficient revenues to support our operations.

may need significant additional capital to execute our business plan, execute on future acquisitions and fund our proposed business operations.

Additionally, our plans may change or the estimates of our operating expenses and working capital requirements could be inaccurate, we

may pursue acquisitions of FDA-approved products, drug candidates, pharmacies or other strategic transactions that involve large expenditures,

or we may experience growth more quickly or on a larger scale than we expect, any of which may result in the depletion of capital resources

more rapidly than anticipated and could require us to seek additional financing earlier than we expect to support our operations.

raised over $85,000,000 in funds through equity and debt financings in April, May and June 2021.

We may seek to obtain additional capital

through equity or debt financings, funding from corporate partnerships or licensing arrangements, sales of assets or other financing

transactions.

If we issue additional equity or convertible debt securities to raise funds, our existing stockholders may experience substantial

dilution, and the newly issued equity or debt securities may have more favorable terms or rights, preferences and privileges senior to

those of our existing stockholders.

If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements or sales of assets,

we may have to relinquish potentially valuable rights to our drug candidates or proprietary technologies, or grant licenses on terms

that are not favorable to us.

If we raise funds by incurring additional debt, we may be required to pay significant interest expenses

and our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization may increase.

Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans

would be available, would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments and may impose restrictions on our activities, such as

the financial and operating covenants.

Further, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital and/or financing transactions,

including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs.

We may also be required

to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as options, convertible notes and warrants, which

would adversely impact our financial results.

have in the past and may in the future participate in strategic transactions that could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses and

distract our management.

time to time, we consider engaging in strategic transactions, such as out-licensing or in-licensing of compounds, drug candidates, drug

products or technologies, acquisitions of companies, and asset purchases.

We may also consider a variety of different business arrangements

in the future, including strategic partnerships, joint ventures, spin-offs, carve-outs, restructurings, divestitures, business combinations

and investments.

In addition, another entity may pursue us or certain of our assets or aspects of our operations as an acquisition target.

Any such transactions may require us to incur expenses specific to the transaction and not incident to our operations, may increase our

near- and long-term expenditures, may pose significant integration challenges, may require us to hire or otherwise engage personnel with

additional expertise, or may result in our selling or licensing of our assets or technologies under terms that may not prove profitable,

any of which could harm our operations and financial results.

Such transactions may also entail numerous other operational and financial

risks, including, among others, exposure to unknown liabilities, disruption of our business and diversion of our management’s time

and attention in order to develop acquired products, drug candidates, technologies or businesses.

part of our efforts to complete any significant transaction, we would need to expend significant resources to conduct business, regulatory,

legal and financial due diligence, with the goal of identifying and evaluating material risks involved in the transaction.

unsuccessful in ascertaining or evaluating all the risks and, as a result, we may not realize the expected benefits of the transaction,

whether due to unidentified risks, integration difficulties, regulatory setbacks or other events.

We may incur material liabilities for

the past activities of any businesses we partner with or acquire.

If any of these events occur, we could be subject to significant costs

and damage to our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

we are unable to establish, train and maintain an effective sales and marketing infrastructure, we will not be able to commercialize

our drug candidates successfully.

have started to build an internal sales and marketing infrastructure to implement our business plan by developing internal sales

teams and education campaigns to market our proprietary formulations.

have built an internal sales and marketing infrastructure to implement our business plan by developing internal sales teams and education

campaigns to market our proprietary formulations and FDA-approved drug products.

We will need to expend significant resources to further

establish and grow this internal infrastructure and properly train sales personnel with respect to regulatory compliance matters.

We may also choose to engage or enter into other arrangements with third parties to provide sales and marketing services for us

in place of or to supplement our internal commercialization infrastructure.

We may not be able to secure sales personnel or relationships

with third-party sales organizations that are adequate in number or expertise to successfully market and sell our proprietary

formulations and pharmacy services.

Further, any third-party organizations we may seek to partner with or engage may not be able

to provide sales and marketing services in accordance with our expectations and standards, may be more expensive than we can afford

or may not be available on otherwise acceptable terms or at all.

If we are unable to establish and maintain compliant and adequate

sales and marketing capabilities, through our own internal infrastructure or third-party services or other arrangements, we may

be unable to sell our formulations or services or generate meaningful revenue.

may also choose to engage or enter into other arrangements with third parties to provide sales and marketing services for us in place

of or to supplement our internal commercialization infrastructure.

We may not be able to secure sales personnel or relationships with

third-party sales organizations that are adequate in number or expertise to successfully market and sell our proprietary formulations,

drug products and pharmacy services.

Further, any third-party organizations we may seek to partner with or engage may not be able to

provide sales and marketing services in accordance with our expectations and standards, may be more expensive than we can afford or may

not be available on otherwise acceptable terms or at all.

If we are unable to establish and maintain compliant and adequate sales and

marketing capabilities, through our own internal infrastructure or third-party services or other arrangements, we may be unable to sell

our formulations, drug products or services or generate meaningful revenues.

business and operations would suffer in the event of cybersecurity or other system failures.

the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of any third parties with which we partner are vulnerable

to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures.

While we have not experienced any cybersecurity or system failure, accident or breach to date, if an event were to occur, it could result

in a material disruption of our operations, substantial costs to rectify or correct the failure, if possible, and potentially violation

of HIPAA and other privacy laws applicable to our operations.

For example, the CCPA became effective on January 1, 2020 and gave California

residents expanded rights to access and require deletion of their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing

and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used.

The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations,

as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation.

Although the CCPA includes exemptions

for certain clinical trials data, and HIPAA-protected health information, the law may increase our compliance costs and potential liability

with respect to other personal information we collect about California residents.

The CCPA has prompted a number of proposals for new

federal and state privacy legislation.

Other countries also have, or are developing, laws governing the collection, use and transmission

of personal information, such as the GDPR in the EU that became effective in May 2018 and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic

Documents Act that became effective in Canada in April 2000.

We anticipate that over time we may expand our business to include operations

outside of the United States.

With such expansion, we would be subject to increased governmental regulation in the EU countries in which

we might operate, including the GDPR.

These laws and similar laws adopted in the future could increase our potential liability, increase

our compliance costs and adversely affect our business.

If any disruption or security breach resulted in a loss of or damage to our data

or applications or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or protected information, we could incur liability, further development of

our proprietary formulations could be delayed, and our pharmacy operations could be disrupted, subject to restriction or forced to terminate

their operations, any of which could severely harm our business and prospects.

depend upon consultants, outside contractors and other third-party service providers for key aspects of our business.

are substantially dependent on consultants and other outside contractors and service providers for key aspects of our business.

For instance, we rely upon pharmacist, physician and research consultants and advisors to provide us with significant assistance

in the evaluation of product development opportunities, and we have engaged or supported, and expect to continue to engage or

support, consultants, advisors, clinical research organizations (“CROs”) and others to design, conduct, analyze and

interpret the results of any clinical or non-clinical trials or other studies in connection with the research and development

of our products.

If any of our consultants or other service providers terminates its engagement with us, or if we are unable to

engage highly qualified replacements as needed on commercially reasonable terms, we may be unable to successfully execute our

business plan.

We must effectively manage these third-party service providers to ensure that they successfully carry out their

contractual obligations and meet expected deadlines.

However, these third parties often engage in other business activities and

may not devote sufficient time and attention to our activities, and we may have only limited contractual rights in connection

with the conduct of the activities we have engaged the service providers to perform.

If we are unable to effectively manage our

outsourced activities or if the quality, timeliness or accuracy of the services provided by third-party service providers is compromised

for any reason, our development activities may be extended, delayed or terminated, and we may not be able to commercialize our

formulations or advance our business.

Related to Product Development

in the completion of, or the termination of, any clinical or non-clinical trials for any drug candidates for which we may seek

FDA approval could adversely affect our business.

For instance,

we rely upon pharmacist, physician and research consultants and advisors to provide us with significant assistance in the evaluation

of product development opportunities, and we have engaged or supported, and expect to continue to engage or support, consultants, advisors,

contract manufacturers, clinical research organizations (“CROs”), and others to design, conduct, analyze and interpret the

results of any clinical or non-clinical trials or other studies in connection with the research and development of our products.

of our consultants or other service providers terminates its engagement with us, or if we are unable to engage highly qualified replacements

as needed on commercially reasonable terms, we may be unable to successfully execute our business plan.

We must effectively manage these

third-party service providers to ensure that they successfully carry out their contractual obligations and meet expected deadlines.

these third parties often engage in other business activities and may not devote sufficient time and attention to our activities, and

we may have only limited contractual rights in connection with the conduct of the activities we have engaged the service providers to

If we are unable to effectively manage our outsourced activities or if the quality, timeliness or accuracy of the services provided

by third-party service providers is compromised for any reason, our development activities may be extended, delayed or terminated, and

we may not be able to commercialize our formulations or advance our business.

Related to the Senior Notes

have incurred significant indebtedness, which will require substantial cash to service and which subjects us to certain financial requirements

and business restrictions.

April, May and June 2021, we issued $75,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.625% senior notes due 2026 (the “Notes”).

We may incur additional indebtedness in the future.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness depends on our future

performance and ability to raise additional capital, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors, some of

which are beyond our control.

If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to service our debt, we may be required to adopt one or more

alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring our debt or obtaining additional capital through equity sales or incurrence of additional

debt on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive to our stockholders.

Our ability to engage in any of these activities would depend

on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time, and we may not be able to do so when needed, on desirable terms or at

all, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

Additionally, our debt instruments contain, or from time to time may contain,

various restrictive covenants, including, among others, our obligation to deliver certain financial and other information, our obligation

to comply with certain notice and insurance requirements, and our inability, without prior consent, to dispose of certain of our assets,

incur certain additional indebtedness, enter into certain merger, acquisition or change of control transactions, pay certain dividends

or distributions on or repurchase any of our capital stock or incur any lien or other encumbrance on our assets, subject to certain permitted

Any failure by us to comply with any of these covenants, subject to certain cure periods, or to make all payments under the

debt instruments when due, would cause us to be in default under the applicable debt instrument.

In the event of any such default, lenders

may be able to foreclose on our assets that secure the debt or declare all borrowed funds, together with accrued and unpaid interest,

immediately due and payable, thereby potentially causing all of our available cash to be used to pay our indebtedness or forcing us into

bankruptcy or liquidation if we do not then have sufficient cash available.

Any such event or occurrence could severely and negatively

impact our operations and prospects.

Notes are unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness that we currently have or that we may incur

in the future.

Notes are not secured by any of our assets or any of the assets of our subsidiaries.

As a result, the Notes are effectively subordinated

to any secured indebtedness that we or our subsidiaries have currently outstanding or may incur in the future (or any indebtedness that

is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant security) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness.

The indenture governing the Notes does not prohibit us or our subsidiaries from incurring additional secured (or unsecured) indebtedness

in the future.

In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future

secured indebtedness and the secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness

and may consequently receive payment from these assets before they may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes.

indenture under which the Notes were issued contains limited protection for holders of the Notes.

indenture under which the Notes were issued offers limited protection to holders of the Notes.

The terms of the indenture and the Notes

do not restrict our or any of our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in, or otherwise be a party to, a variety of corporate transactions,

circumstances or events that could have an adverse impact on the holders of the Notes.

In particular, the terms of the indenture and

the Notes do not place any restrictions on our or our subsidiaries’ ability to:

debt securities or otherwise incur additional indebtedness or other obligations, including (1) any indebtedness or other obligations

that would be equal in right of payment to the Notes, (2) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be secured and therefore

rank effectively senior in right of payment to the Notes to the extent of the values of the assets securing such debt, (3) indebtedness

of ours that is guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries and which therefore is structurally senior to the Notes and (4) securities,

indebtedness or obligations issued or incurred by our subsidiaries that would be senior to our equity interests in our subsidiaries

and therefore rank structurally senior to the Notes with respect to the assets of our subsidiaries;

dividends on, or purchase or redeem or make any payments in respect of, capital stock or other securities subordinated in right of

payment to the Notes;

assets (other than certain limited restrictions on our ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets);

into transactions with affiliates;

liens (including liens on the shares of our subsidiaries) or enter into sale and leaseback transactions;

restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our subsidiaries.

addition, the indenture does not include any protection against certain events, such as a change of control, leveraged recapitalization,

“going private” transaction (which may result in a significant increase of our indebtedness), restructuring or similar transactions.

Furthermore, the terms of the indenture and the Notes do not protect holders of the Notes in the event that we experience changes (including

significant adverse changes) in our financial condition, results of operations or credit ratings, as they do not require that we or our

subsidiaries adhere to any financial tests or ratios or specified levels of net worth, revenues, income, cash flow, or liquidity.

an event of default or acceleration under our other indebtedness would not necessarily result in an event of default under the Notes.

ability to recapitalize, incur additional debt and take a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the Notes may

have important consequences for the holders of the Notes, including making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect

to the Notes or negatively affecting the trading value of the Notes.

debt we issue or incur in the future could contain more protections for its holders than the indenture and the Notes, including additional

covenants and events of default.

The issuance or incurrence of any such debt with incremental protections could affect the market for

and trading levels and prices of the Notes.

increase in market interest rates could result in a decrease in the value of the Notes.

general, as market interest rates rise, notes bearing interest at a fixed rate decline in value.

Consequently, if the market interest

rates increase, the market value of the Notes may decline.

We cannot predict the future level of market interest rates.

lack of an active trading market for the Notes could adversely affect the market price of the Notes or limit a holder’s ability

to sell them.

Notes are quoted on Nasdaq under the symbol “HROWL.” Although the Notes are quoted, we cannot provide any assurances that

an active trading market will be maintained for the Notes or that a holder will be able to sell the Notes.

If the Notes are traded, they

may trade at a discount from their initial offering price depending on prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities,

our credit ratings, general economic conditions, our financial condition, performance and prospects and other factors.

The underwriters

of the Notes may make a market in the Notes, but they are not obligated to do so.

The underwriters may discontinue any market-making

in the Notes at any time at their sole discretion.

Accordingly, we cannot assure a holder that a liquid trading market will develop for

the Notes, that a holder will be able to sell the Notes at a particular time or that the price received will be favorable.

To the extent

an active trading market is not maintained, the liquidity and trading price for the Notes may be harmed.

Accordingly, a holder may be

required to bear the financial risk of an investment in the Notes for an indefinite period of time.

may issue additional notes.

the terms of the indenture governing the Notes, we may from time to time, without notice to or the consent of the holders of the Notes,

create and issue additional notes which will be equal in rank to the Notes.

rating for the Notes could at any time be revised downward or withdrawn entirely at the discretion of the issuing rating agency.

have obtained a rating for the Notes.

Ratings only reflect the views of the issuing rating agency or agencies and such ratings could

at any time be revised downward or withdrawn entirely at the discretion of the issuing rating agency.

A rating is not a recommendation

to purchase, sell or hold the Notes.

Ratings do not reflect market prices or suitability of a security for a particular investor and

the rating of the Notes may not reflect all risks related to us and our business, or the structure or market value of the Notes.

elect to issue other securities for which we may seek to obtain a rating in the future.

If we issue other securities with ratings lower

than market expectations or that are subsequently lowered or withdrawn, the market for or the market value of the Notes could be adversely

could enter into various transactions that could increase the amount of our outstanding debt or adversely affect our capital structure

or credit rating.

to certain limited exceptions, the terms of the Notes do not prevent us from entering into a variety of acquisition, divestiture, refinancing,

recapitalization or other highly leveraged transactions.

As a result, we could enter into any such transaction even though the transaction

could increase the total amount of our outstanding indebtedness, adversely affect our capital structure or credit rating or otherwise

adversely affect the holders of the Notes.

Related to Product Development, Regulatory Approval, Manufacturing and Commercialization

we seek FDA approval to market and sell any of our proprietary formulations, such as drug candidates that we have royalty interests in

that are being developed by Melt and Surface, AMP-100, and MAQ-100, we may be unable to demonstrate the necessary safety and efficacy

to obtain such FDA approval.

Historically,

our business strategy was focused on developing and commercializing product opportunities as compounded formulations.

In more recent

years, we have sought, and in the future, we, alone or with project partners, intend to seek, FDA regulatory approval to market and sell

one or more of our assets as an FDA-approved drug.

Obtaining FDA approval to market and sell pharmaceutical products is costly, time-consuming,

uncertain and subject to unanticipated delays.

The FDA or other regulatory agencies may not approve a drug candidate on a timely basis

Before we obtain FDA approval for the sale of any potential drug candidates, we will be required to demonstrate through pre-clinical

studies and clinical trials that it is safe and effective for each intended use, which we may not be able to do.

A failure to demonstrate

safety and efficacy of a drug candidate to the FDA’s satisfaction would result in our failure to obtain FDA approval.

even if the FDA were to grant regulatory approval of a drug candidate, the approval may be limited to specific therapeutic areas or limited

as to its distribution, which could reduce revenue potential, and we will be subject to extensive and costly post-approval requirements

and oversight with respect to commercialization of the drug candidate.

in the completion of, or the termination of, any clinical or non-clinical trials for any drug candidates for which we may seek FDA approval

could adversely affect our business.

trials are very expensive, time consuming, unpredictable and difficult to design and implement.

The results of clinical trials

may be unfavorable, they may continue for several years, and they may take significantly longer to complete and involve significantly

more costs than expected.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could significantly affect product development

costs and plans with respect to any drug candidate for which we seek FDA approval.

The commencement and completion of clinical

trials can be delayed and experience difficulties for a number of reasons, including delays and difficulties caused by circumstances

over which we may have no control.

For instance, approvals of the scope, design or trial site may not be obtained from the FDA

and other required bodies in a timely manner or at all, agreements with acceptable terms may not be reached in a timely manner

or at all with CROs to conduct the trials, a sufficient number of subjects may not be recruited and enrolled in the trials, and

third-party manufacturers of the materials for use in the trials may encounter delays and problems in the manufacturing process,

including failure to produce materials in sufficient quantities or of an acceptable quality to complete the trials.

to experience delays in the commencement or completion of, or if we were to terminate, any clinical or non-clinical trials we

pursue in the future, the commercial prospects for the applicable drug candidates may be limited or eliminated, which may prevent

us from recouping our investment in research and development efforts for the drug candidate and would have a material adverse

effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

depend on the success of our drug candidates, and those we have royalty rights to, which have not yet demonstrated efficacy for

their target or any other indications.

If we are unable to generate revenues from our drug candidates, our ability to create stockholder

value will be limited.

drug candidates are in the early stages of clinical development.

We do not generate revenues from any FDA-approved drug products.

We expect to submit an IND or foreign equivalent to the FDA or international regulatory authorities seeking approval to initiate

our clinical trials in humans in the United States or other countries yet to be determined.

We plan on submitting our clinical

trial protocols and receive approvals from the FDA and international regulatory authorities before we can commence any clinical

We may not be successful in obtaining acceptance from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities to start our

clinical trials.

If we do not obtain such acceptance, the time in which we expect to commence clinical programs for any drug candidate

will be extended and such extension will increase our expenses and increase our need for additional capital.

Moreover, there is

no guarantee that our clinical trials will be successful or that we will continue clinical development in support of an approval

from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any indication.

We note that most drug candidates never reach the

clinical development stage and even those that do commence clinical development have only a small chance of successfully completing

clinical development and gaining regulatory approval.

Therefore, our business currently depends entirely on the successful development,

regulatory approval and commercialization of our drug candidates, which may never occur.

we are not able to obtain any required regulatory approvals for our drug candidates, we will not be able to commercialize our

drug candidate and our ability to generate revenue will be limited.

The results of clinical trials may be

unfavorable, they may continue for several years, and they may take significantly longer to complete and involve significantly more costs

than expected.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could significantly affect product development costs and

plans with respect to any drug candidate for which we seek FDA approval.

The commencement and completion of clinical trials can be delayed

and experience difficulties for a number of reasons, including delays and difficulties caused by circumstances over which we may have

For instance, approvals of the scope, design or trial site may not be obtained from the FDA and other required bodies in

a timely manner or at all, agreements with acceptable terms may not be reached in a timely manner or at all with CROs to conduct the

trials, a sufficient number of subjects may not be recruited and enrolled in the trials, and third-party manufacturers of the materials

for use in the trials may encounter delays and problems in the manufacturing process, including failure to produce materials in sufficient

quantities or of an acceptable quality to complete the trials.

If we were to experience delays in the commencement or completion of,

or if we were to terminate, any clinical or non-clinical trials we pursue in the future, the commercial prospects for the applicable

drug candidates may be limited or eliminated, which may prevent us from recouping our investment in research and development efforts

for the drug candidate and would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

depend on the success of our drug candidates, and those we have royalty rights to, which have not yet demonstrated efficacy for their

target or any other indications.

If we are unable to generate revenues from our drug candidates, our ability to create stockholder value

will be limited.

drug candidates are in various stages of clinical development.

There is no guarantee that our clinical trials will be successful or that

we will continue clinical development in support of an approval from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any indication.

We note that most drug candidates never reach the clinical development stage and even those that do commence clinical development have

only a small chance of successfully completing clinical development and gaining regulatory approval.

Therefore, aspects of our business

depend on the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our drug candidates, which may never occur.

we are not able to obtain required regulatory approvals for a drug candidate, we will not be able to commercialize such drug candidate

and our ability to generate revenues will be limited.

must successfully complete clinical trials for our drug candidates before we can apply for marketing approval.

Even if we complete

our clinical trials, it does not assure marketing approval.

Our clinical trials may be unsuccessful, which would materially harm

our business.

Even if our initial clinical trials are successful, we are required to conduct additional clinical trials to establish

our drug candidates’ safety and efficacy, before an NDA or Biologics License Application (“BLA”), or their foreign

equivalents can be filed with the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for marketing approval of our drug candidates.

Even if we complete our

clinical trials, it does not assure marketing approval.

Our clinical trials may be unsuccessful, which would materially harm our business.

Even if our initial clinical trials are successful, we are required to conduct additional clinical trials to establish our drug candidates’

safety and efficacy, before an NDA or Biologics License Application (“BLA”), or their foreign equivalents can be filed with

the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for marketing approval of our drug candidates.

testing is expensive, is difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome.

in early phases of pre-clinical and clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and interim

results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results.

A failure of one or more of our clinical trials can occur

at any stage of testing.

We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the clinical trial process that

could delay or prevent our ability to receive regulatory approval or commercialize our drug candidates.

The research, testing,

manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage, approval, sale, marketing, advertising and promotion, pricing, export, import and

distribution of drug products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States

and other countries, which regulations differ from country to country.

We are not permitted to market our drug candidates as prescription

pharmaceutical products in the United States until we receive approval of an NDA from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until

we receive the requisite approval from such countries.

In the United States, the FDA generally requires the completion of clinical

trials of each drug to establish its safety and efficacy and extensive pharmaceutical development to ensure its quality before

an NDA is approved.

Regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions impose similar requirements.

Of the large number of drugs in

development, only a small percentage result in the submission of an NDA to the FDA and even fewer are eventually approved for

commercialization.

We have not submitted an NDA to the FDA or comparable applications to other regulatory authorities.

development efforts for our drug candidates, including regulatory approval, are not successful for their planned indications,

or if adequate demand for our drug candidates is not generated, our business will be materially adversely affected.

success depends on the receipt of regulatory approval and the issuance of such regulatory approvals is uncertain and subject to

a number of risks, including the following:

early phases of pre-clinical and clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and interim results of

a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results.

A failure of one or more of our clinical trials can occur at any stage of

We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the clinical trial process that could delay or prevent

our ability to receive regulatory approval or commercialize our drug candidates.

The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, packaging,

storage, approval, sale, marketing, advertising and promotion, pricing, export, import and distribution of drug products are subject

to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries, which regulations differ

from country to country.

We are not permitted to market our drug candidates as prescription pharmaceutical products in the United States

until we receive approval of an NDA from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from such countries.

In the United States, the FDA generally requires the completion of clinical trials of each drug to establish its safety and efficacy

and extensive pharmaceutical development to ensure its quality before an NDA is approved.

Regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions

impose similar requirements.

Of the large number of drugs in development, only a small percentage result in the submission of an NDA

to the FDA and even fewer are eventually approved for commercialization.

If our development efforts for our drug candidates, including

regulatory approval, are not successful for their planned indications, or if adequate demand for our drug candidates is not generated,

our business will be materially adversely affected.

success depends on the receipt of regulatory approval and the issuance of such regulatory approvals is uncertain and subject to a number

of risks, including the following:

results of toxicology studies may not support the filing of an IND for our drug candidates;

FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities or Institutional Review Boards, or “IRB,” may disagree with the

design or implementation of our clinical trials;

FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities or Institutional Review Boards (“IRBs”) may disagree with the design

or implementation of our clinical trials;

may not be able to provide acceptable evidence of our drug candidates’ safety and efficacy;

results of our clinical trials may not be satisfactory or may not meet the level of statistical or clinical significance required

by the FDA, European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”), or other regulatory agencies for marketing approval;

by the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”), or other regulatory agencies for marketing approval;

dosing of our drug candidates in a particular clinical trial may not be at an optimal level;

in our clinical trials may suffer adverse effects for reasons that may or may not be related to our drug candidates;

data collected from clinical trials may not be sufficient to support the submission of an NDA, BLA or other submission or

to obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere;

FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may fail to approve the manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party

manufacturers with which we contract for clinical and commercial supplies;

approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner

rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval.

to obtain regulatory approval for our drug candidates for the foregoing, or any other reasons, will prevent us from commercializing

our drug candidates, and our ability to generate revenue will be materially impaired.

We cannot guarantee that regulators will

agree with our assessment of the results of the clinical trials we intend to conduct in the future or that such trials will be

The FDA, EMA and other regulators have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any

application or may decide that our data is insufficient for approval and require additional clinical trials, or pre-clinical or

other studies.

In addition, varying interpretations of the data obtained from pre-clinical and clinical testing could delay, limit

or prevent regulatory approval of our drug candidates.

any activities through our ownership interest in Eton, we have not submitted an NDA or received regulatory approval to market

our drug candidates in any jurisdiction.

We have only limited experience in filing the applications necessary to gain regulatory

approvals and expect to rely on consultants and third party contract research organizations, or “CROs,” with expertise

in this area to assist us in this process.

Securing regulatory approvals to market a product requires the submission of pre-clinical,

clinical, and/or pharmacokinetic data, information about product manufacturing processes and inspection of facilities and supporting

information to the appropriate regulatory authorities for each therapeutic indication to establish a drug candidate’s safety

and efficacy for each indication.

Our drug candidates may prove to have undesirable or unintended side effects, toxicities or

other characteristics that may preclude us from obtaining regulatory approval or prevent or limit commercial use with respect

data collected from clinical trials may not be sufficient to support the submission of an NDA, BLA or other submission or to obtain

regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere;

FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may fail to approve the manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party manufacturers

with which we contract for clinical and commercial supplies;

approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering

our clinical data insufficient for approval.

to obtain regulatory approval for our drug candidates for the foregoing, or any other reasons, will prevent us from commercializing our

drug candidates, and our ability to generate revenue will be materially impaired.

We cannot guarantee that regulators will agree with

our assessment of the results of the clinical trials we intend to conduct in the future or that such trials will be successful.

EMA and other regulators have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that

our data is insufficient for approval and require additional clinical trials, or pre-clinical or other studies.

In addition, varying

interpretations of the data obtained from pre-clinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of our

drug candidates.

any activities through our ownership interest in Eton, we have not received regulatory approval to market our drug candidates in any

jurisdiction.

We have only limited experience in filing the applications necessary to gain regulatory approvals and expect to rely on

consultants and CROs, with expertise in this area to assist us in this process.

Securing regulatory approvals to market a product requires

the submission of pre-clinical, clinical, and/or pharmacokinetic data, information about product manufacturing processes and inspection

of facilities and supporting information to the appropriate regulatory authorities for each therapeutic indication to establish a drug

candidate’s safety and efficacy for each indication.

Our drug candidates may prove to have undesirable or unintended side effects,

toxicities or other characteristics that may preclude us from obtaining regulatory approval or prevent or limit commercial use with respect

to one or all intended indications.

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approval is sought and the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities.

Changes in regulatory approval policies during

the development period, changes in or the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in regulatory review for

a submitted product application may cause delays in the approval or rejection of an application.

Regulatory approval obtained

in one jurisdiction does not necessarily mean that a drug candidate will receive regulatory approval in all jurisdictions in which

we may seek approval, but the failure to obtain approval in one jurisdiction may negatively impact our ability to seek approval

in a different jurisdiction.

Failure to obtain regulatory marketing approval for our drug candidates in any indication will prevent

us from commercializing the drug candidate, and our ability to generate revenue will be materially impaired.

Changes in regulatory approval policies during the development

period, changes in or the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in regulatory review for a submitted product application

may cause delays in the approval or rejection of an application.

Regulatory approval obtained in one jurisdiction does not necessarily

mean that a drug candidate will receive regulatory approval in all jurisdictions in which we may seek approval, but the failure to obtain

approval in one jurisdiction may negatively impact our ability to seek approval in a different jurisdiction.

Failure to obtain regulatory

marketing approval for our drug candidates in any indication will prevent us from commercializing the drug candidate, and our ability

to generate revenue will be materially impaired.

we fail to successfully commercialize any of our drug candidates, we may need to acquire additional drug candidates and our business

will be adversely affected.

have never commercialized any drug candidates and do not have any other compounds in pre-clinical testing, lead optimization or

lead identification stages beyond our drug candidates.

We cannot be certain that any of our drug candidates will prove to be sufficiently

effective and safe to meet applicable regulatory standards for any indication.

If we fail to successfully commercialize any of

our drug candidates for their targeted indications, whether as stand-alone therapies or in combination with other therapeutic

agents, our business would be adversely affected.

if we receive regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates, we may not be able to successfully commercialize the product

and the revenue that we generate from its sales, if any, may be limited.

approved for marketing, the commercial success of our drug candidates will depend upon each product’s acceptance by the

medical community, including physicians, patients and health care payors.

The degree of market acceptance for any of our drug

candidates will depend on a number of factors, including:

cannot be certain that any of our drug candidates will prove to be sufficiently effective and safe to meet applicable regulatory standards

for any indication.

If we fail to successfully commercialize any of our drug candidates for their targeted indications, whether as stand-alone

therapies or in combination with other therapeutic agents, our business would be adversely affected.

if we receive regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates, we may not be able to successfully commercialize the product and the

revenue that we generate from its sales, if any, may be limited.

approved for marketing, the commercial success of our drug candidates will depend upon each product’s acceptance by the medical

community, including physicians, patients and health care payors.

The degree of market acceptance for any of our drug candidates will

depend on a number of factors, including:

demonstration

4 unchanged sentences

of our drug candidates compared to competing products;

introduction of any new products that may in the future become available targeting indications for which our drug candidates

may be approved;

introduction of any new products that may in the future become available targeting indications for which our drug candidates may

procedures or therapies that may reduce the incidences of any of the indications in which our drug candidates may show utility;

3 unchanged sentences

or warnings contained in approved labeling from regulatory authorities;

ability to obtain and maintain sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement from government health care programs, including

Medicare and Medicaid, private health insurers and other third-party payors or to receive the necessary pricing approvals

from government bodies regulating the pricing and usage of therapeutics;

willingness of patients to pay out-of-pocket in the absence of third-party coverage or reimbursement or government pricing

any of our drug candidates are approved, but do not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by physicians, health care payors,

and patients, we may not generate sufficient revenue and we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability.

Our efforts to

educate the medical community and third-party payors on the benefits of our drug candidates may require significant resources

and may never be successful.

ability to obtain and maintain sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement from government health care programs, including Medicare

and Medicaid, private health insurers and other third-party payors or to receive the necessary pricing approvals from government

bodies regulating the pricing and usage of therapeutics;

willingness of patients to pay out-of-pocket in the absence of third-party coverage or reimbursement or government pricing approvals.

any of our drug candidates are approved, but do not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by physicians, health care payors, and patients,

we may not generate sufficient revenue and we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability.

Our efforts to educate the medical

community and third-party payors on the benefits of our drug candidates may require significant resources and may never be successful.

addition, even if we obtain regulatory approvals, the timing or scope of any approvals may prohibit or reduce our ability to commercialize

our drug candidates successfully.

For example, if the approval process takes too long, we may miss market opportunities and give

other companies the ability to develop competing products or establish market dominance.

Any regulatory approval we ultimately

obtain may be limited or subject to restrictions or post-approval commitments that render our drug candidates not commercially

For example, regulatory authorities may approve any of our drug candidates for fewer or more limited indications than

we request, may not approve the price we intend to charge for any of our drug candidates, may grant approval contingent on the

performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve any of our drug candidates with a label that does not include

the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that indication.

Further, the FDA or comparable

foreign regulatory authorities may place conditions on approvals or require risk management plans or a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation

Strategy (“REMS”) to assure the safe use of the drug.

If the FDA concludes a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the NDA

must submit a proposed REMS;

the FDA will not approve the NDA without an approved REMS, if required.

A REMS could include medication

guides, physician communication plans, or elements to assure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries

and other risk minimization tools.

The FDA may also require a REMS for an approved product when new safety information emerges.

Any of these limitations on approval or marketing could restrict the commercial promotion, distribution, prescription or dispensing

of our drug candidates.

Moreover, product approvals may be withdrawn for non-compliance with regulatory standards or if problems

occur following the initial marketing of the product.

Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial success

of our drug candidates.

if we obtain marketing approval for any of our drug candidates, we will be subject to ongoing obligations and continued regulatory

review, which may result in significant additional expense.

Additionally, our drug candidates could be subject to labeling and

other restrictions and withdrawal from the market and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory requirements

or if we experience unanticipated problems with our drug candidates.

if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates for an indication, the FDA or foreign equivalent may still impose

significant restrictions on their indicated uses or marketing or the conditions of approval, or impose ongoing requirements for

potentially costly and time-consuming post-approval studies, including Phase 4 clinical trials, and post-market surveillance to

monitor safety and efficacy.

Our drug candidates will also be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements governing the manufacturing,

labeling, packaging, storage, distribution, safety surveillance, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping and reporting of adverse

events and other post-market information.

These requirements include registration with the FDA, as well as continued compliance

with current Good Clinical Practices regulations, or “cGCPs,” for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval.

In addition, manufacturers of drug products and their facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the

FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with current cGMP, requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance

and corresponding maintenance of records and documents.

FDA has the authority to require a REMS as part of an NDA or after approval, which may impose further requirements or restrictions

on the distribution or use of an approved drug, such as limiting prescribing to certain physicians or medical centers that have

undergone specialized training, limiting treatment to patients who meet certain safe-use criteria or requiring patient testing,

monitoring and/or enrollment in a registry.

respect to sales and marketing activities by us or any future partner, advertising and promotional materials must comply with

FDA rules in addition to other applicable federal, state and local laws in the United States and similar legal requirements in

other countries.

In the United States, the distribution of product samples to physicians must comply with the requirements of

Prescription Drug Marketing Act.

Application holders must obtain FDA approval for product and manufacturing changes,

depending on the nature of the change.

We may also be subject, directly or indirectly through our customers and partners, to various

fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the U.S.

For example, if the approval process takes too long, we may miss market opportunities and give other

companies the ability to develop competing products or establish market dominance.

Any regulatory approval we ultimately obtain may be

limited or subject to restrictions or post-approval commitments that render our drug candidates not commercially viable.

regulatory authorities may approve any of our drug candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request, may not approve

the price we intend to charge for any of our drug candidates, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing

clinical trials, or may approve any of our drug candidates with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable

for the successful commercialization of that indication.

Further, the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may place conditions

on approvals or require risk management plans or a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”) to assure the safe use

If the FDA concludes a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the NDA must submit a proposed REMS;

the FDA will not approve the

NDA without an approved REMS, if required.

A REMS could include medication guides, physician communication plans, or elements to assure

safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools.

The FDA may also require a REMS

for an approved product when new safety information emerges.

Any of these limitations on approval or marketing could restrict the commercial

promotion, distribution, prescription or dispensing of our drug candidates.

Moreover, product approvals may be withdrawn for non-compliance

with regulatory standards or if problems occur following the initial marketing of the product.

Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially

harm the commercial success of our drug candidates.

if we obtain marketing approval for any of our drug candidates, we will be subject to ongoing obligations and continued regulatory review,

which may result in significant additional expense.

Additionally, our drug candidates could be subject to labeling and other restrictions

and withdrawal from the market and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory requirements or if we experience

unanticipated problems with our drug candidates.

if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates for an indication, the FDA or foreign equivalent may still impose significant

restrictions on their indicated uses or marketing or the conditions of approval, or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly

and time-consuming post-approval studies, including Phase 4 clinical trials, and post-market surveillance to monitor safety and efficacy.

Our drug candidates will also be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements governing the manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage,

distribution, safety surveillance, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping and reporting of adverse events and other post-market information.

These requirements include registration with the FDA, as well as continued compliance with current Good Clinical Practices regulations

(“cGCPs”) for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval.

In addition, manufacturers of drug products and their facilities

are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with current cGMP,

requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents.

FDA has the authority to require a REMS as part of an NDA or after approval, which may impose further requirements or restrictions on

the distribution or use of an approved drug, such as limiting prescribing to certain physicians or medical centers that have undergone

specialized training, limiting treatment to patients who meet certain safe-use criteria or requiring patient testing, monitoring and/or

enrollment in a registry.

respect to sales and marketing activities by us or any future partner, advertising and promotional materials must comply with FDA rules

in addition to other applicable federal, state and local laws in the United States and similar legal requirements in other countries.

In the United States, the distribution of product samples to physicians must comply with the requirements of the U.S.

Prescription Drug

Marketing Act.

Application holders must obtain FDA approval for product and manufacturing changes, depending on the nature of the change.

We may also be subject, directly or indirectly through our customers and partners, to various fraud and abuse laws, including, without

limitation, the U.S.

Anti-Kickback Statute, U.S.

False Claims Act, and similar state

laws, which impact, among other things, our proposed sales, marketing, and scientific/educational grant programs.

If we participate

Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Federal Supply Schedule of the U.S.

Department of Veterans Affairs, or other government

drug programs, we will be subject to complex laws and regulations regarding reporting and payment obligations.

All of these activities

are also potentially subject to U.S.

federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws.

Similar requirements exist

in many of these areas in other countries.

addition, if any of our drug candidates are approved for a particular indication, our product labeling, advertising and promotion

would be subject to regulatory requirements and continuing regulatory review.

The FDA strictly regulates the promotional claims

that may be made about prescription products.

In particular, a product may not be promoted for uses that are not approved by the

FDA as reflected in the product’s approved labeling.

If we receive marketing approval for our drug candidates, physicians

may nevertheless legally prescribe our products to their patients in a manner that is inconsistent with the approved label.

we are found to have promoted such off-label uses, we may become subject to significant liability and government fines.

and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is

found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant sanctions.

The federal government has levied large

civil and criminal fines against companies for alleged improper promotion and has enjoined several companies from engaging in

off-label promotion.

The FDA has also requested that companies enter into consent decrees of permanent injunctions under which

specified promotional conduct is changed or curtailed.

we or a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity

or frequency, problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, or we or our manufacturers fail to comply with applicable

regulatory requirements, we may be subject to the following administrative or judicial sanctions:

on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, withdrawal of the product from the market, or voluntary or mandatory product

False Claims Act, and similar state laws, which impact, among other things, our proposed

sales, marketing, and scientific/educational grant programs.

If we participate in the U.S.

Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Federal

Supply Schedule of the U.S.

Department of Veterans Affairs, or other government drug programs, we will be subject to complex laws and

regulations regarding reporting and payment obligations.

All of these activities are also potentially subject to U.S.

federal and state

consumer protection and unfair competition laws.

Similar requirements exist in many of these areas in other countries.

addition, if any of our drug candidates are approved for a particular indication, our product labeling, advertising and promotion would

be subject to regulatory requirements and continuing regulatory review.

The FDA strictly regulates the promotional claims that may be

made about prescription products.

In particular, a product may not be promoted for uses that are not approved by the FDA as reflected

in the product’s approved labeling.

If we receive marketing approval for our drug candidates, physicians may nevertheless legally

prescribe our products to their patients in a manner that is inconsistent with the approved label.

If we are found to have promoted such

off-label uses, we may become subject to significant liability and government fines.

The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the

laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses

may be subject to significant sanctions.

The federal government has levied large civil and criminal fines against companies for alleged

improper promotion and has enjoined several companies from engaging in off-label promotion.

The FDA has also requested that companies

enter into consent decrees of permanent injunctions under which specified promotional conduct is changed or curtailed.

we or a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency,

problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, or we or our manufacturers fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements,

we may be subject to the following administrative or judicial sanctions:

on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, withdrawal of the product from the market, or voluntary or mandatory product recalls;

of warning letters or untitled letters;

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of any ongoing clinical trials;

to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us, or suspension or revocation of product

license approvals;

to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us, or suspension or revocation of product license

or imposition of restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements;

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occurrence of any event or penalty described above may inhibit our ability to commercialize our drug candidates and generate revenue.

Adverse regulatory action, whether pre- or post-approval, can also potentially lead to product liability claims and increase our

product liability exposure.

Adverse regulatory action, whether pre- or post-approval, can also potentially lead to product liability claims and increase our product

liability exposure.

and maintaining regulatory approval of our drug candidates in one jurisdiction does not mean that we will be successful in obtaining

regulatory approval of our drug candidates in other jurisdictions.

and maintaining regulatory approval of our drug candidates in one jurisdiction does not guarantee that we will be able to obtain

or maintain regulatory approval in any other jurisdiction, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction

may have a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others.

For example, even if the FDA grants marketing approval

of a drug candidate, comparable regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions must also approve the manufacturing, marketing

and promotion of the drug candidate in those countries.

Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements

and administrative review periods different from those in the United States, including additional preclinical studies or clinical

trials, as clinical studies conducted in one jurisdiction may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions.

In many jurisdictions outside the United States, a drug candidate must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved

for sale in that jurisdiction.

In some cases, the price that we intend to charge for our products is also subject to approval.

foreign regulatory approvals and compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties

and costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries.

If we fail to comply with the

regulatory requirements in international markets and/ or to receive applicable marketing approvals, our target market will be

reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our drug candidates will be harmed.

and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our drug

candidates and affect the prices we may obtain.

the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed

changes regarding the healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing approval for our drug candidates, restrict or regulate

post-approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell our drug candidates.

Legislative and regulatory proposals have

been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products.

not know whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will

be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our drug candidates, if any, may be.

increased scrutiny by the U.S.

Congress of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval,

as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.

the United States, the Medicare Modernization Act (“MMA”) changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical

and maintaining regulatory approval of our drug candidates in one jurisdiction does not guarantee that we will be able to obtain or maintain

regulatory approval in any other jurisdiction, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may have a

negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others.

For example, even if the FDA grants marketing approval of a drug candidate,

comparable regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions must also approve the manufacturing, marketing and promotion of the drug candidate

in those countries.

Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different

from those in the United States, including additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials, as clinical studies conducted in one jurisdiction

may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions.

In many jurisdictions outside the United States, a drug candidate

must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that jurisdiction.

In some cases, the price that we intend to

charge for our products is also subject to approval.

foreign regulatory approvals and compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties and

costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries.

If we fail to comply with the regulatory

requirements in international markets and/ or to receive applicable marketing approvals, our target market will be reduced and our ability

to realize the full market potential of our drug candidates will be harmed.

and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our drug candidates

and affect the prices we may obtain.

the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes

regarding the healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing approval for our drug candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval

activities and affect our ability to profitably sell our drug candidates.

Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand

post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products.

We do not know whether additional

legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact

of such changes on the marketing approvals of our drug candidates, if any, may be.

In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S.

of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product

labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.

the United States, the Medicare Modernization Act (the “MMA”) changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical

The legislation expanded Medicare coverage for drug purchases by the elderly and introduced a new reimbursement methodology

based on average sales prices for drugs.

In addition, this legislation authorized Medicare Part D prescription drug plans to use

formularies where they can limit the number of drugs that will be covered in any therapeutic class.

As a result of this legislation

and the expansion of federal coverage of drug products, we expect that there will be additional pressure to contain and reduce

These cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could decrease the coverage and price that we

receive for our drug candidates and could seriously harm our business.

While the MMA applies only to drug benefits for Medicare

beneficiaries, private payors often follow Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement

rates, and any reduction in reimbursement that results from the MMA may result in a similar reduction in payments from private

In addition, this legislation authorized Medicare Part D prescription drug plans to use formularies

where they can limit the number of drugs that will be covered in any therapeutic class.

As a result of this legislation and the expansion

of federal coverage of drug products, we expect that there will be additional pressure to contain and reduce costs.

These cost reduction

initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could decrease the coverage and price that we receive for our drug candidates and

could seriously harm our business.

While the MMA applies only to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payors often follow

Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates, and any reduction in reimbursement that results

from the MMA may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors.

Health Care Reform Law is a sweeping law intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare

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impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms.

The Health Care Reform Law revised

the definition of “average manufacturer price” for reporting purposes, which could increase the amount of Medicaid

drug rebates to states.

Further, the law imposed a significant annual fee on companies that manufacture or import branded prescription

drug products.

The Health Care Reform Law revised the

definition of “average manufacturer price” for reporting purposes, which could increase the amount of Medicaid drug rebates

Further, the law imposed a significant annual fee on companies that manufacture or import branded prescription drug products.

Health Care Reform Law remains subject to legislative efforts to repeal, modify or delay the implementation of the law.

to date have generally been unsuccessful.

If the Health Care Reform Law is repealed or modified, or if implementation of certain

aspects of the Health Care Reform Law are delayed, such repeal, modification or delay may materially adversely impact our business,

strategies, prospects, operating results or financial condition.

We are unable to predict the full impact of any repeal or modification

in the implementation of the Health Care Reform Law on us at this time.

Efforts to date

have generally been unsuccessful.

If the Health Care Reform Law is repealed or modified, or if implementation of certain aspects of the

Health Care Reform Law are delayed, such repeal, modification or delay may materially adversely impact our business, strategies, prospects,

operating results or financial condition.

We are unable to predict the full impact of any repeal or modification in the implementation

of the Health Care Reform Law on us at this time.

addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the Health Care Reform Law was enacted.

We expect that additional federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts

that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, and in turn could significantly reduce the projected

value of certain development projects and reduce or eliminate our profitability.

We expect that additional federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that

federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, and in turn could significantly reduce the projected value

of certain development projects and reduce or eliminate our profitability.

drug candidates may face competition sooner than expected.

success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for our certain of our drug candidates and

technologies and to prevent third parties from infringing upon our proprietary rights.

We must also operate without infringing

upon patents and proprietary rights of others, including by obtaining appropriate licenses to patents or other proprietary rights

held by third parties, if necessary.

However, the applications we have filed or may file in the future may never yield patents

that protect our inventions and intellectual property assets.

Failure to obtain patents that sufficiently cover our formulations

and technologies would limit our protection against compounding pharmacies, outsourcing facilities, generic drug manufacturers,

pharmaceutical companies and other parties who may seek to copy our products, produce products substantially similar to ours or

use technologies substantially similar to those we own.

also intend to seek data exclusivity or market exclusivity for our drug candidates provided under the FDCA, and similar laws in

other countries.

The FDCA provides three years of marketing exclusivity for an NDA, 505(b)(2) NDA or supplement to an existing

NDA if new clinical investigations, other than bioavailability studies, that were conducted or sponsored by the applicant are

deemed by the FDA to be essential to the approval of the application, for example, for new indications, dosages, or strengths

of an existing drug.

This three-year exclusivity covers only the conditions associated with the new clinical investigations and

does not prohibit the FDA from approving NDAs for drugs containing the original active agent.

Even if our drug candidates are

considered to be reference products eligible for three years of exclusivity under the FDCA, another company could market competing

products if the FDA approves a full NDA for such product containing the sponsor’s own preclinical data and data from adequate

and well-controlled clinical trials to demonstrate the safety, purity and potency of the products.

Moreover, an amendment or repeal

of the FDCA could result in a shorter exclusivity period for our drug candidates, which would have a material adverse effect on

our business.

we market any of our drug candidates in a manner that violates healthcare fraud and abuse laws, or if we violate government price

reporting laws, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties.

FDA enforces laws and regulations which require that the promotion of pharmaceutical products be consistent with the approved

prescribing information.

While physicians may prescribe an approved product for a so-called “off label” use, it is

unlawful for a pharmaceutical company to promote its products in a manner that is inconsistent with its approved label and any

company which engages in such conduct can subject that company to significant liability.

Similarly, industry codes in the EU and

other foreign jurisdictions prohibit companies from engaging in off-label promotion and regulatory agencies in various countries

enforce violations of the code with civil penalties.

While we intend to ensure that our promotional materials are consistent with

our label, regulatory agencies may disagree with our assessment and may issue untitled letters, warning letters or may institute

other civil or criminal enforcement proceedings.

In addition to FDA restrictions on marketing of pharmaceutical products, several

other types of state and federal healthcare fraud and abuse laws have been applied in recent years to restrict certain marketing

practices in the pharmaceutical industry.

success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for certain of our drug candidates and technologies

and to prevent third parties from infringing upon our proprietary rights.

We must also operate without infringing upon patents and proprietary

rights of others, including by obtaining appropriate licenses to patents or other proprietary rights held by third parties, if necessary.

However, the applications we have filed or may file in the future may never yield patents that protect our inventions and intellectual

property assets.

Failure to obtain patents that sufficiently cover our formulations and technologies would limit our protection against

compounding pharmacies, outsourcing facilities, generic drug manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies and other parties who may seek to

copy our products, produce products substantially similar to ours or use technologies substantially similar to those we own.

also intend to seek data exclusivity or market exclusivity for our drug candidates provided under the FDCA and similar laws in other

The FDCA provides three years of marketing exclusivity for an NDA, 505(b)(2) NDA or supplement to an existing NDA if new clinical

investigations, other than bioavailability studies, that were conducted or sponsored by the applicant are deemed by the FDA to be essential

to the approval of the application, for example, for new indications, dosages, or strengths of an existing drug.

This three-year exclusivity

covers only the conditions associated with the new clinical investigations and does not prohibit the FDA from approving NDAs for drugs

containing the original active agent.

Even if our drug candidates are considered to be reference products eligible for three years of

exclusivity under the FDCA, another company could market competing products if the FDA approves a full NDA for such product containing

the sponsor’s own pre-clinical data and data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to demonstrate the safety, purity

and potency of the products.

Moreover, an amendment or repeal of the FDCA could result in a shorter exclusivity period for our drug candidates,

which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

we market any of our drug candidates in a manner that violates healthcare fraud and abuse laws, or if we violate government price reporting

laws, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties.

FDA enforces laws and regulations which require that the promotion of pharmaceutical products be consistent with the approved prescribing

While physicians may prescribe an approved product for a so-called “off label” use, it is unlawful for a pharmaceutical

company to promote its products in a manner that is inconsistent with its approved label, and any company which engages in such conduct

can subject that company to significant liability.

Similarly, industry codes in the EU and other foreign jurisdictions prohibit companies

from engaging in off-label promotion, and regulatory agencies in various countries enforce violations of the code with civil penalties.

While we intend to ensure that our promotional materials are consistent with our label, regulatory agencies may disagree with our assessment

and may issue untitled letters, warning letters or may institute other civil or criminal enforcement proceedings.

In addition to FDA

restrictions on marketing of pharmaceutical products, several other types of state and federal healthcare fraud and abuse laws have been

applied in recent years to restrict certain marketing practices in the pharmaceutical industry.

These laws include the U.S.

Anti-Kickback Statute, U.S.

False Claims Act and similar

Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the safe harbors, it is possible that some of our business

activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of these laws.

Anti-Kickback

Statute, U.S.

False Claims Act and similar state laws.

Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the safe harbors, it

is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of these laws.

Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration

to induce, or in return for, purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any healthcare item

or service reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid or other federally financed healthcare programs.

This statute has been interpreted

broadly to apply to arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers on the one hand and prescribers, purchasers and formulary

managers on the other.

Although there are several statutory exemptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities

from prosecution, the exemptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly, and practices that involve remuneration intended to induce

prescribing, purchasing or recommending may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exemption or safe harbor.

practices may not, in all cases, meet all of the criteria for safe harbor protection from anti-kickback liability.

Moreover, recent

health care reform legislation has strengthened these laws.

For example, the Health Care Reform Law, among other things, amends

the intent requirement of the U.S.

Anti-Kickback Statute and criminal health care fraud statutes;

a person or entity no longer

needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it.

In addition, the Health Care Reform Law provides

that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the U.S.

Anti-Kickback Statute

constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the U.S.

to induce, or in return for, purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any healthcare item or service

reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid or other federally financed healthcare programs.

This statute has been interpreted broadly to apply

to arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers on the one hand and prescribers, purchasers and formulary managers on the other.

Although there are several statutory exemptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities from prosecution, the

exemptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly, and practices that involve remuneration intended to induce prescribing, purchasing or

recommending may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exemption or safe harbor.

Our practices may not, in all cases,

meet all of the criteria for safe harbor protection from anti-kickback liability.

Moreover, recent health care reform legislation has

strengthened these laws.

For example, the Health Care Reform Law, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the U.S.

Anti-Kickback

Statute and criminal health care fraud statutes;

a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific

intent to violate it.

In addition, the Health Care Reform Law provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or

services resulting from a violation of the U.S.

Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the U.S.

False Claims Act.

Federal false claims laws prohibit any person

from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government or knowingly making,

or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid.

the past few years, several pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have been prosecuted under these laws for a variety

of alleged promotional and marketing activities, such as:

allegedly providing free trips, free goods, sham consulting fees and

grants and other monetary benefits to prescribers;

reporting to pricing services inflated average wholesale prices that were then

used by federal programs to set reimbursement rates;

engaging in off-label promotion that caused claims to be submitted to Medicare

or Medicaid for non-covered, off-label uses;

and submitting inflated best price information to the Medicaid Rebate Program to

reduce liability for Medicaid rebates.

Federal false claims laws prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim

for payment to the federal government or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid.

the past few years, several pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have been prosecuted under these laws for a variety of alleged

promotional and marketing activities, such as:

allegedly providing free trips, free goods, sham consulting fees and grants and other

monetary benefits to prescribers;

reporting to pricing services inflated average wholesale prices that were then used by federal programs

to set reimbursement rates;

engaging in off-label promotion that caused claims to be submitted to Medicare or Medicaid for non-covered,

off-label uses;

and submitting inflated best price information to the Medicaid Rebate Program to reduce liability for Medicaid rebates.

Most states also have statutes or regulations similar to the U.S.

Anti-Kickback Statute

False Claims Act, which apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several

states, apply regardless of the payor.

Sanctions under these federal and state laws may include substantial civil monetary penalties,

exclusion of a manufacturer’s products from reimbursement under government programs, substantial criminal fines and imprisonment.

will be completely dependent on third parties to manufacture our drug candidates, and our commercialization of our drug candidates

could be halted, delayed or made less profitable if those third parties fail to obtain manufacturing approval from the FDA or

comparable foreign regulatory authorities, fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of our drug candidates or fail to do

so at acceptable quality levels or prices.

Anti-Kickback Statute and the U.S.

False Claims Act which apply to

items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payor.

under these federal and state laws may include substantial civil monetary penalties, exclusion of a manufacturer’s products from

reimbursement under government programs, substantial criminal fines and imprisonment.

will be completely dependent on third parties to manufacture IOPIDINE, MAXITROL, MOXEZA, our drug candidates, and our commercialization

of our drug candidates could be halted, delayed or made less profitable if those third parties fail to obtain manufacturing approval

from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of our drug candidates or fail

to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices.

do not currently have, nor do we plan to acquire, the capability or infrastructure to manufacture the active pharmaceutical ingredient

(“API”) in our drug candidates for use in our clinical trials or for commercial product, if any.

In addition, we

do not have the capability to encapsulate any of our drug candidates as a finished drug product for commercial distribution.

a result, we will be obligated to rely on contract manufacturers, if and when any of our drug candidates are approved for commercialization.

We have not entered into an agreement with any contract manufacturers for commercial supply and may not be able to engage a contract

manufacturer for commercial supply of any of our drug candidates on favorable terms to us, or at all.

facilities used by our contract manufacturers to manufacture our drug candidates must be approved by the FDA or comparable foreign

regulatory authorities pursuant to inspections that will be conducted after we submit an NDA or BLA to the FDA or their equivalents

to other relevant regulatory authorities.

We will not control the manufacturing process of, and will be completely dependent on,

our contract manufacturing partners for compliance with cGMPs for manufacture of both active drug substances and finished drug

These cGMP regulations cover all aspects of the manufacturing, testing, quality control and record keeping relating

to our drug candidates.

If our contract manufacturers do not successfully manufacture material that conforms to our specifications

and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or others, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain regulatory approval

for their manufacturing facilities.

If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these facilities

for the manufacture of our drug candidates or if it withdraws any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative

manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our

drug candidates, if approved.

contract manufacturers will be subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign

agencies for compliance with cGMPs and similar regulatory requirements.

We will not have control over our contract manufacturers’

compliance with these regulations and standards.

Failure by any of our contract manufacturers to comply with applicable regulations

could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure to grant approval to market

any of our drug candidates, delays, suspensions or withdrawals of approvals, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions,

any of which could significantly and adversely affect our business.

In addition, we will not have control over the ability of

our contract manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel.

Failure by our contract

manufacturers to comply with or maintain any of these standards could adversely affect our ability to develop, obtain regulatory

approval for or market any of our drug candidates.

for any reason, these third parties are unable or unwilling to perform, we may not be able to terminate our agreements with them,

and we may not be able to locate alternative manufacturers or formulators or enter into favorable agreements with them and we

cannot be certain that any such third parties will have the manufacturing capacity to meet future requirements.

If these manufacturers

or any alternate manufacturer of finished drug product experiences any significant difficulties in its respective manufacturing

processes for our API or finished products or should cease doing business with us, we could experience significant interruptions

in the supply of any of our drug candidates or may not be able to create a supply of our drug candidates at all.

Were we to encounter

manufacturing issues, our ability to produce a sufficient supply of any of our drug candidates might be negatively affected.

inability to coordinate the efforts of our third party manufacturing partners, or the lack of capacity available at our third

party manufacturing partners, could impair our ability to supply any of our drug candidates at required levels.

Because of the

significant regulatory requirements that we would need to satisfy in order to qualify a new bulk or finished product manufacturer,

if we face these or other difficulties with our current manufacturing partners, we could experience significant interruptions

in the supply of any of our drug candidates if we decided to transfer the manufacture of any of our drug candidates to one or

more alternative manufacturers in an effort to deal with the difficulties.

In addition, we do not have

the capability to encapsulate any of our drug candidates as a finished drug product for commercial distribution.

As a result, we will

be obligated to rely on contract manufacturers, if and when any of our drug candidates are approved for commercialization.

entered into an agreement with any contract manufacturers for commercial supply and may not be able to engage a contract manufacturer

for commercial supply of any of our drug candidates on favorable terms to us, or at all.

facilities used by our contract manufacturers to manufacture our drug candidates must be approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory

authorities pursuant to inspections that will be conducted after we submit an NDA or BLA to the FDA or their equivalents to other relevant

regulatory authorities.

We will not control the manufacturing process of, and will be completely dependent on, our contract manufacturing

partners for compliance with cGMPs for manufacture of both active drug substances and finished drug products.

These cGMP regulations

cover all aspects of the manufacturing, testing, quality control and record keeping relating to our drug candidates.

If our contract

manufacturers do not successfully manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of

the FDA or others, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing facilities.

or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of our drug candidates or if it withdraws

any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our ability

to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our drug candidates, if approved.

contract manufacturers will be subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign agencies

for compliance with cGMPs and similar regulatory requirements.

We will not have control over our contract manufacturers’ compliance

with these regulations and standards.

Failure by any of our contract manufacturers to comply with applicable regulations could result

in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure to grant approval to market any of our drug

candidates, delays, suspensions or withdrawals of approvals, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could significantly

and adversely affect our business.

In addition, we will not have control over the ability of our contract manufacturers to maintain adequate

quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel.

Failure by our contract manufacturers to comply with or maintain any of these

standards could adversely affect our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market any of our drug candidates.

for any reason, these third parties are unable or unwilling to perform, we may not be able to terminate our agreements with them, and

we may not be able to locate alternative manufacturers or formulators or enter into favorable agreements with them, and we cannot be

certain that any such third parties will have the manufacturing capacity to meet future requirements.

If these manufacturers or any alternate

manufacturer of finished drug product experiences any significant difficulties in its respective manufacturing processes for our API

or finished products or should cease doing business with us, we could experience significant interruptions in the supply of any of our

drug candidates or may not be able to create a supply of our drug candidates at all.

Were we to encounter manufacturing issues, our ability

to produce a sufficient supply of any of our drug candidates might be negatively affected.

Our inability to coordinate the efforts of

our third-party manufacturing partners, or the lack of capacity available at our third-party manufacturing partners, could impair our

ability to supply any of our drug candidates at required levels.

Because of the significant regulatory requirements that we would need

to satisfy in order to qualify a new bulk or finished product manufacturer, if we face these or other difficulties with our current manufacturing

partners, we could experience significant interruptions in the supply of any of our drug candidates if we decided to transfer the manufacture

of any of our drug candidates to one or more alternative manufacturers in an effort to deal with the difficulties.

manufacturing problem or the loss of a contract manufacturer could be disruptive to our operations and result in lost sales.

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we rely on third parties to supply the raw materials needed to manufacture our existing and potential products.

interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, adverse public health developments such as the

outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus, or natural disasters including earthquakes, typhoons, floods and fires, could affect our

supply chain.

Any reliance on suppliers may involve several risks, including a potential inability to obtain critical materials

and reduced control over production costs, delivery schedules, reliability and quality.

Any unanticipated disruption to a future

contract manufacturer caused by problems at suppliers could delay shipment of any of our drug candidates, increase our cost of

goods sold and result in lost sales.

interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, adverse public health developments such as the outbreak

of the COVID-19 coronavirus, or natural disasters including earthquakes, typhoons, floods and fires, could affect our supply chain.

Any reliance on suppliers may involve several risks, including a potential inability to obtain critical materials and reduced control

over production costs, delivery schedules, reliability and quality.

Any unanticipated disruption to a future contract manufacturer caused

by problems at suppliers could delay shipment of any of our drug candidates, increase our cost of goods sold and result in lost sales.

cannot guarantee that our future manufacturing and supply partners will be able to reduce the costs of commercial scale manufacturing

of any of our drug candidates over time.

If the commercial-scale manufacturing costs of any of our drug candidates are higher

than expected, these costs may significantly impact our operating results.

In order to reduce costs, we may need to develop and

implement process improvements.

However, in order to do so, we will need, from time to time, to notify or make submissions with

regulatory authorities, and the improvements may be subject to approval by such regulatory authorities.

We cannot be sure that

we will receive these necessary approvals or that these approvals will be granted in a timely fashion.

We also cannot guarantee

that we will be able to enhance and optimize output in our commercial manufacturing process.

If we cannot enhance and optimize

output, we may not be able to reduce our costs over time.

If the commercial-scale manufacturing costs of any of our drug candidates are higher than expected,

these costs may significantly impact our operating results.

In order to reduce costs, we may need to develop and implement process improvements.

However, in order to do so, we will need, from time to time, to notify or make submissions with regulatory authorities, and the improvements

may be subject to approval by such regulatory authorities.

We cannot be sure that we will receive these necessary approvals or that these

approvals will be granted in a timely fashion.

We also cannot guarantee that we will be able to enhance and optimize output in our commercial

manufacturing process.

If we cannot enhance and optimize output, we may not be able to reduce our costs over time.

expect to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our drug candidates.

If these third parties do not successfully

carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize

any of our drug candidates and our business would be substantially harmed.

If these third parties do not successfully carry

out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize any of

our drug candidates, and our business would be substantially harmed.

expect to enter into agreements with third-party CROs to conduct and manage our clinical programs, including contracting with clinical

sites to perform our clinical studies.

We plan to rely heavily on these parties for execution of clinical studies for our drug

candidates and will control only certain aspects of their activities.

Nevertheless, we will be responsible for ensuring that each

of our studies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance

on CROs and clinical sites will not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities.

We and our CROs will be required to comply

with cGCPs, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA, the Competent Authorities of the Member States of the European

Economic Area and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any products in clinical development.

The FDA and its foreign

equivalents enforce these cGCP regulations through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites.

If we or our CROs fail to comply with applicable cGCPs, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable

and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving

our marketing applications.

We cannot assure you that, upon inspection, the FDA or other regulatory authorities will determine

that any of our clinical trials comply with cGCPs.

In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with products produced under

cGMP regulations and will require a large number of test subjects.

Our failure or the failure of our CROs or clinical sites to

comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process and

could also subject us to enforcement action up to and including civil and criminal penalties.

we intend to design the clinical trials for our drug candidates in consultation with CROs, we expect that the CROs will manage

all of the clinical trials conducted at contracted clinical sites.

As a result, many important aspects of our drug development

programs would be outside of our direct control.

In addition, the CROs and clinical sites may not perform all of their obligations

under arrangements with us or in compliance with regulatory requirements.

If the CROs or clinical sites do not perform clinical

trials in a satisfactory manner, breach their obligations to us or fail to comply with regulatory requirements, the development

and commercialization of any of our drug candidates for the subject indication may be delayed or our development program materially

and irreversibly harmed.

We cannot control the amount and timing of resources these CROs and clinical sites will devote to our

program or any of our drug candidates.

If we are unable to rely on clinical data collected by our CROs, we could be required to

repeat, extend the duration of, or increase the size of our clinical trials, which could significantly delay commercialization

and require significantly greater expenditures.

any of our relationships with these third-party CROs or clinical sites terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements

with alternative CROs or clinical sites.

If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet

expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised

due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, any such clinical trials

may be extended, delayed or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize

our drug candidates.

As a result, our financial results and the commercial prospects for any of our drug candidates would be harmed,

our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenue could be delayed.

termination or suspension of, or delays in the commencement or completion of, any necessary studies of any of our drug candidates

for any indications could result in increased costs to us, delay or limit our ability to generate revenue and adversely affect

our commercial prospects.

We plan to rely heavily on these parties for execution of clinical studies for our drug candidates

and will control only certain aspects of their activities.

Nevertheless, we will be responsible for ensuring that each of our studies

is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on CROs and clinical

sites will not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities.

We and our CROs will be required to comply with cGCPs, which are regulations

and guidelines enforced by the FDA, the Competent Authorities of the Member States of the European Economic Area and comparable foreign

regulatory authorities for any products in clinical development.

The FDA and its foreign equivalents enforce these cGCP regulations through

periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites.

If we or our CROs fail to comply with applicable cGCPs,

the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities

may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications.

We cannot assure you that, upon inspection,

the FDA or other regulatory authorities will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with cGCPs.

In addition, our clinical trials

must be conducted with products produced under cGMP regulations and will require a large number of test subjects.

Our failure or the

failure of our CROs or clinical sites to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the

regulatory approval process and could also subject us to enforcement action up to and including civil and criminal penalties.

we intend to design the clinical trials for our drug candidates in consultation with CROs, we expect that the CROs will manage all of

the clinical trials conducted at contracted clinical sites.

As a result, many important aspects of our drug development programs would

be outside of our direct control.

In addition, the CROs and clinical sites may not perform all of their obligations under arrangements

with us or in compliance with regulatory requirements.

If the CROs or clinical sites do not perform clinical trials in a satisfactory

manner, breach their obligations to us or fail to comply with regulatory requirements, the development and commercialization of any of

our drug candidates for the subject indication may be delayed or our development program materially and irreversibly harmed.

control the amount and timing of resources these CROs and clinical sites will devote to our program or any of our drug candidates.

we are unable to rely on clinical data collected by our CROs, we could be required to repeat, extend the duration of, or increase the

size of our clinical trials, which could significantly delay commercialization and require significantly greater expenditures.

any of our relationships with these third-party CROs or clinical sites terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with

alternative CROs or clinical sites.

If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines,

if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere

to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, any such clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated,

and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our drug candidates.

As a result, our financial

results and the commercial prospects for any of our drug candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate

revenue could be delayed.

termination or suspension of, or delays in the commencement or completion of, any necessary studies of any of our drug candidates for

any indications could result in increased costs to us, delay or limit our ability to generate revenue and adversely affect our commercial

commencement and completion of clinical studies can be delayed for a number of reasons, including delays related to:

FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority failing to grant permission to proceed and placing the clinical study on

FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority failing to grant permission to proceed and placing the clinical study on hold;

for clinical testing failing to enroll or remain in our trials at the rate we expect;

facility manufacturing any of our drug candidates being ordered by the FDA or other government or regulatory authorities to

temporarily or permanently shut down due to violations of cGMP requirements or other applicable requirements, or cross-contaminations

of drug candidates in the manufacturing process;

facility manufacturing any of our drug candidates being ordered by the FDA or other government or regulatory authorities to temporarily

or permanently shut down due to violations of cGMP requirements or other applicable requirements, or cross-contaminations of drug

candidates in the manufacturing process;

changes to our manufacturing process that may be necessary or desired;

choosing an alternative treatment for the indications for which we are developing our drug candidates, or participating in

competing clinical studies;

choosing an alternative treatment for the indications for which we are developing our drug candidates, or participating in competing

clinical studies;

experiencing severe or unexpected drug-related adverse effects;

from clinical testing on similar technologies and products raising safety and/or efficacy concerns;

clinical investigators losing their license or permits necessary to perform our clinical trials, not performing our clinical

trials on our anticipated schedule or employing methods consistent with the clinical trial protocol, cGMP requirements, or

other third parties not performing data collection and analysis in a timely or accurate manner;

of clinical study sites by the FDA, comparable foreign regulatory authorities, or IRBs finding regulatory violations that

require us to undertake corrective action, result in suspension or termination of one or more sites or the imposition of a

clinical hold on the entire study, or that prohibit us from using some or all of the data in support of our marketing applications;

contractors becoming debarred or suspended or otherwise penalized by the FDA or other government or regulatory authorities

for violations of regulatory requirements, in which case we may need to find a substitute contractor, and we may not be able

to use some or any of the data produced by such contractors in support of our marketing applications;

or more IRBs refusing to approve, suspending or terminating the study at an investigational site, precluding enrollment of

additional subjects, or withdrawing its approval of the trial;

reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs

and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different

CROs and trial sites;

clinical investigators losing their license or permits necessary to perform our clinical trials, not performing our clinical trials

on our anticipated schedule or employing methods consistent with the clinical trial protocol, cGMP requirements, or other third parties

not performing data collection and analysis in a timely or accurate manner;

of clinical study sites by the FDA, comparable foreign regulatory authorities, or IRBs finding regulatory violations that require

us to undertake corrective action, result in suspension or termination of one or more sites or the imposition of a clinical hold

on the entire study, or that prohibit us from using some or all of the data in support of our marketing applications;

contractors becoming debarred or suspended or otherwise penalized by the FDA or other government or regulatory authorities for violations

of regulatory requirements, in which case we may need to find a substitute contractor, and we may not be able to use some or any

of the data produced by such contractors in support of our marketing applications;

or more IRBs refusing to approve, suspending or terminating the study at an investigational site, precluding enrollment of additional

subjects, or withdrawing its approval of the trial;

reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs and clinical trial

sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;

of the clinical sites from trial protocols or dropping out of a trial;

2 unchanged sentences

or regulatory delays or “clinical holds” requiring suspension or termination of a trial.

development costs for any of our drug candidates will increase if we have delays in testing or approval or if we need to perform

more or larger clinical studies than planned.

Additionally, changes in regulatory requirements and policies may occur and we may

need to amend study protocols to reflect these changes.

Amendments may require us to resubmit our study protocols to the FDA,

comparable foreign regulatory authorities, and IRBs for reexamination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion

of that study.

If we experience delays in completion of, or if we, the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the IRB, or other

reviewing entities, or any of our clinical study sites suspend or terminate any of our clinical studies of any of our drug candidates,

its commercial prospects may be materially harmed and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed.

Any delays in

completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our development and approval process and jeopardize our ability

to commence product sales and generate revenues.

Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects

significantly.

In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, termination or suspension of, or a delay in the commencement

or completion of, clinical studies may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our drug candidates.

if one or more clinical studies are delayed, our competitors may be able to bring products to market before we do, and the commercial

viability of any of our drug candidates could be significantly reduced.

drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials

may not be predictive of future trial results.

development costs for any of our drug candidates will increase if we have delays in testing or approval or if we need to perform more

or larger clinical studies than planned.

Additionally, changes in regulatory requirements and policies may occur and we may need to amend

study protocols to reflect these changes.

Amendments may require us to resubmit our study protocols to the FDA, comparable foreign regulatory

authorities, and IRBs for reexamination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of that study.

If we experience

delays in completion of, or if we, the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the IRB, or other reviewing entities, or any of our clinical

study sites suspend or terminate any of our clinical studies of any of our drug candidates, its commercial prospects may be materially

harmed and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed.

Any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs,

slow down our development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues.

occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead

to, termination or suspension of, or a delay in the commencement or completion of, clinical studies may also ultimately lead to the denial

of regulatory approval of our drug candidates.

In addition, if one or more clinical studies are delayed, our competitors may be able

to bring products to market before we do, and the commercial viability of any of our drug candidates could be significantly reduced.

drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not

be predictive of future trial results.

testing of drug candidates is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain.

can occur at any time during the clinical trial process.

The results of pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials may not

be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials.

We cannot assure you that the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory

authorities will view the results as we do or that any future trials of any of our drug candidates will achieve positive results.

Drug candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed

through pre-clinical studies and initial clinical trials.

A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered

significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising

results in earlier trials.

Any future clinical trial results for our drug candidates may not be successful.

Failure can occur

at any time during the clinical trial process.

The results of pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of

the results of later-stage clinical trials.

We cannot assure you that the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities will view

the results as we do or that any future trials of any of our drug candidates will achieve positive results.

Drug candidates in later

stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed through pre-clinical studies

and initial clinical trials.

A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical

trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials.

Any future clinical trial

results for our drug candidates may not be successful.

addition, a number of factors could contribute to a lack of favorable safety and efficacy results for any of our drug candidates.

For example, such trials could result in increased variability due to varying site characteristics, such as local standards of

care, differences in evaluation period and surgical technique, and due to varying patient characteristics including demographic

factors and health status.

example, such trials could result in increased variability due to varying site characteristics, such as local standards of care, differences

in evaluation period and surgical technique, and due to varying patient characteristics including demographic factors and health status.

though we may apply for orphan drug designation for a drug candidate, we may not be able to obtain orphan drug marketing exclusivity.

is no guarantee that the FDA, EMA or their foreign equivalents will grant any future application for orphan drug designation for

any of our drug candidates, which would make us ineligible for the additional exclusivity and other benefits of orphan drug designation.

the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which

is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no

reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making a drug available in the Unites States for this type of disease or

condition will be recovered from sales of the product.

is no guarantee that the FDA, EMA or their foreign equivalents will grant any future application for orphan drug designation for any

of our drug candidates, which would make us ineligible for the additional exclusivity and other benefits of orphan drug designation.

the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally

a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no reasonable expectation

that the cost of developing and making a drug available in the Unites States for this type of disease or condition will be recovered

from sales of the product.

Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA.

the FDA grants orphan drug designation, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly

Orphan product designation does not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration of regulatory review and approval

In addition to the potential period of exclusivity, orphan designation makes a company eligible for grant funding of

up to $400,000 per year for four years to defray costs of clinical trial expenses, tax credits for clinical research expenses

and potential exemption from the FDA application user fee.

a product that has orphan designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the disease or condition for which it has

such designation, the product is entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other applications

to market the same drug for the same indication for seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as (i) the drug’s

orphan designation is revoked;

After the FDA grants orphan drug designation,

the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA.

Orphan product designation does

not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration of regulatory review and approval process.

In addition to the potential period of

exclusivity, orphan designation makes a company eligible for grant funding of up to $400,000 per year for four years to defray costs

of clinical trial expenses, tax credits for clinical research expenses and potential exemption from the FDA application user fee.

a product that has orphan designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the disease or condition for which it has such

designation, the product is entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other applications to market

the same drug for the same indication for seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as (i) the drug’s orphan designation

(ii) its marketing approval is withdrawn;

(iii) the orphan exclusivity holder consents to the approval

of another applicant’s product;

(iv) the orphan exclusivity holder is unable to assure the availability of a sufficient

quantity of drug;

or (v) a showing of clinical superiority to the product with orphan exclusivity by a competitor product.

a drug designated as an orphan product receives marketing approval for an indication broader than what is designated, it may not

be entitled to orphan drug exclusivity.

There can be no assurance that we will receive orphan drug designation for any of our

drug candidates in the indications for which we think they might qualify, if we elect to seek such applications.

we may pursue expedited regulatory approval pathways for a drug candidate, it may not qualify for expedited development or, if

it does qualify for expedited development, it may not actually lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process.

we believe there may be an opportunity to accelerate the development of certain of our drug candidates through one or more of

the FDA’s expedited programs, such as fast track, breakthrough therapy, accelerated approval or priority review, we cannot

be assured that any of our drug candidates will qualify for such programs.

example, a drug may be eligible for designation as a breakthrough therapy if the drug is intended, alone or in combination with

one or more other drugs, to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the

drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints.

breakthrough designation or access to any other expedited program may expedite the development or approval process, it does not

change the standards for approval.

If we apply for breakthrough therapy designation or any other expedited program for our drug

candidates, the FDA may determine that our proposed target indication or other aspects of our clinical development plans do not

qualify for such expedited program.

Even if we are successful in obtaining a breakthrough therapy designation or access to any

other expedited program, we may not experience faster development timelines or achieve faster review or approval compared to conventional

FDA procedures.

Access to an expedited program may also be withdrawn by the FDA if it believes that the designation is no longer

supported by data from our clinical development program.

Additionally, qualification for any expedited review procedure does not

ensure that we will ultimately obtain regulatory approval for such drug candidate.

Related to Intellectual Property

we are unable to protect our proprietary rights, we may not be able to prevent others from using our intellectual property, which

may reduce the competitiveness and value of the related assets.

success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for our formulations and technologies and

to prevent third parties from infringing upon our proprietary rights.

We must also operate without infringing upon patents and

proprietary rights of others, including by obtaining appropriate licenses to patents or other proprietary rights held by third

parties, if necessary.

The primary means by which we will be able to protect our formulations and technologies from unauthorized

use by third parties is to obtain valid and enforceable patents that cover them.

However, the applications we have filed or may

file in the future may never yield patents that protect our inventions and intellectual property assets.

Failure to obtain patents

that sufficiently cover our formulations and technologies would limit our protection against other compounding pharmacies and

outsourcing facilities, generic drug manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies and other parties who may seek to copy our products,

produce products substantially similar to ours or use technologies substantially similar to those we own.

We have made, and expect

to continue to make, significant investments in certain of our proprietary formulations prior to the grant of any patents covering

these formulations, and we may not receive a sufficient return on these investments if patent coverage or other appropriate intellectual

property protection is not obtained and their competitiveness and value decreases.

patent and intellectual property positions of pharmacies and pharmaceutical companies, including ours, are uncertain and involve

complex legal and factual questions.

There is no guarantee that we have developed or obtained or will in the future develop or

obtain the rights to products or processes that are patentable, that patents will issue from any pending applications or that

claims allowed will be sufficient to protect the technology we have developed or may in the future develop or to which we have

acquired or may in the future acquire development rights.

In addition, we cannot be certain that patents issued to us will not

be challenged, invalidated, infringed or circumvented, including by our competitors, or that the rights granted thereunder will

provide competitive advantages to us.

also rely on unpatented trade secrets and know-how and continuing technological innovation in order to develop our formulations,

which we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, collaborators and others, including

certain service providers.

(iii) the orphan exclusivity holder consents to the approval of another applicant’s

(iv) the orphan exclusivity holder is unable to assure the availability of a sufficient quantity of drug;

or (v) a showing of

clinical superiority to the product with orphan exclusivity by a competitor product.

If a drug designated as an orphan product receives

marketing approval for an indication broader than what is designated, it may not be entitled to orphan drug exclusivity.

no assurance that we will receive orphan drug designation for any of our drug candidates in the indications for which we think they might

qualify, if we elect to seek such applications.

we may pursue expedited regulatory approval pathways for a drug candidate, it may not qualify for expedited development or, if it does

qualify for expedited development, it may not actually lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process.

we believe there may be an opportunity to accelerate the development of certain of our drug candidates through one or more of the FDA’s

expedited programs, such as fast track, breakthrough therapy, accelerated approval or priority review, we cannot be assured that any

of our drug candidates will qualify for such programs.

example, a drug may be eligible for designation as a breakthrough therapy if the drug is intended, alone or in combination with one or

more other drugs, to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate

substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints.

Although breakthrough designation or

access to any other expedited program may expedite the development or approval process, it does not change the standards for approval.

If we apply for breakthrough therapy designation or any other expedited program for our drug candidates, the FDA may determine that our

proposed target indication or other aspects of our clinical development plans do not qualify for such expedited program.

Even if we are

successful in obtaining a breakthrough therapy designation or access to any other expedited program, we may not experience faster development

timelines or achieve faster review or approval compared to conventional FDA procedures.

Access to an expedited program may also be withdrawn

by the FDA if it believes that the designation is no longer supported by data from our clinical development program.

Additionally, qualification

for any expedited review procedure does not ensure that we will ultimately obtain regulatory approval for such drug candidate.

we are unable to protect our proprietary rights, we may not be able to prevent others from using our intellectual property, which may

reduce the competitiveness and value of the related assets.

success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for our formulations and technologies and to prevent

third parties from infringing upon our proprietary rights.

We must also operate without infringing upon patents and proprietary rights

of others, including by obtaining appropriate licenses to patents or other proprietary rights held by third parties, if necessary.

primary means by which we will be able to protect our formulations and technologies from unauthorized use by third parties is to obtain

valid and enforceable patents that cover them.

However, the applications we have filed or may file in the future may never yield patents

that protect our inventions and intellectual property assets.

Failure to obtain patents that sufficiently cover our formulations and

technologies would limit our protection against other compounding pharmacies and outsourcing facilities, generic drug manufacturers,

pharmaceutical companies and other parties who may seek to copy our products, produce products substantially similar to ours or use technologies

substantially similar to those we own.

We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant investments in certain of our proprietary

formulations prior to the grant of any patents covering these formulations, and we may not receive a sufficient return on these investments

if patent coverage or other appropriate intellectual property protection is not obtained and their competitiveness and value decreases.

patent and intellectual property positions of pharmacies and pharmaceutical companies, including ours, are uncertain and involve complex

legal and factual questions.

There is no guarantee that we have developed or obtained or will in the future develop or obtain the rights

to products or processes that are patentable, that patents will issue from any pending applications or that claims allowed will be sufficient

to protect the technology we have developed or may in the future develop or to which we have acquired or may in the future acquire development

In addition, we cannot be certain that patents issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated, infringed or circumvented, including

by our competitors, or that the rights granted thereunder will provide competitive advantages to us.

also rely on unpatented trade secrets and know-how and continuing technological innovation in order to develop our formulations, which

we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, collaborators and others, including certain

service providers.

We also have invention or patent assignment agreements with our current employees and certain consultants.

Nonetheless, our employees and consultants may breach these agreements, and we may not have adequate remedies for the breach.

Our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors or could be developed by a person not

bound by an invention assignment agreement with us, in which case we may have no rights to use the applicable invention.

our employees and consultants may breach these agreements, and we may not have adequate remedies for the breach.

Our trade secrets may

otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors or could be developed by a person not bound by an invention assignment

agreement with us, in which case we may have no rights to use the applicable invention.

may face additional competition outside of the U.S.

as a result of a lack of patent coverage in some territories and differences

in patent prosecution and enforcement laws in foreign counties.

as a result of a lack of patent coverage in some territories and differences in patent

prosecution and enforcement laws in foreign counties.

prosecuting, defending and enforcing patents on our proprietary formulations throughout the world is extremely expensive.

not currently have patent protection outside of the U.S.

that covers any of our proprietary formulations or other assets that

we are currently pursuing.

Competitors may use our technologies to develop their own products in jurisdictions where we have not

obtained patent protection.

if the international patent applications we have filed or may in the future file are issued or approved, it is likely that the

scope of protection provided by such patents would be different from, and possibly less than, the scope provided by corresponding

We do not currently

have patent protection outside of the U.S.

that covers any of our proprietary formulations or other assets that we are currently pursuing.

Competitors may use our technologies to develop their own products in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection.

if the international patent applications we have filed or may in the future file are issued or approved, it is likely that the scope

of protection provided by such patents would be different from, and possibly less than, the scope provided by corresponding U.S.

As a result, patent rights we are able to obtain may not be sufficient to prevent generic competition.

the extent of our international market opportunity may be dependent upon the enforcement of patent rights in various other countries.

A number of countries in which we could file patent applications have a history of weak enforcement and/or compulsory licensing

of intellectual property rights.

Moreover, the legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries,

do not favor the aggressive enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to

biotechnology and/or pharmaceuticals, which would make it difficult for us to stop a third party from infringing any of our intellectual

property rights.

Moreover, attempting to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs

and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

Further, the extent of our international

market opportunity may be dependent upon the enforcement of patent rights in various other countries.

A number of countries in which

we could file patent applications have a history of weak enforcement and/or compulsory licensing of intellectual property rights.

the legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the aggressive enforcement of patents

and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology and/or pharmaceuticals, which would make it

difficult for us to stop a third party from infringing any of our intellectual property rights.

Moreover, attempting to enforce our patent

rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

proprietary formulations and technologies could potentially conflict with the rights of others.

preparation or sale of our proprietary formulations and use of our technologies may infringe on the patent or other intellectual

property rights of others.

If our products infringe or conflict with the patent or other intellectual property rights of others,

third parties could bring legal actions against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin our manufacturing and marketing of our

affected products.

preparation or sale of our proprietary formulations and use of our technologies may infringe on the patent or other intellectual property

rights of others.

If our products infringe or conflict with the patent or other intellectual property rights of others, third parties

could bring legal actions against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin our manufacturing and marketing of our affected products.

Patent litigation is costly and time consuming and may divert management’s attention and our resources.

We may not have sufficient resources to bring any actions to a successful conclusion.

If we are not successful in defending against

these legal actions should they arise, we may be subject to monetary liability or be forced to alter our products, cease some

or all of our operations relating to the affected products, or seek to obtain a license in order to continue manufacturing and

marketing the affected products, which may not available on acceptable terms or at all.

We may not have sufficient

resources to bring any actions to a successful conclusion.

If we are not successful in defending against these legal actions should they

arise, we may be subject to monetary liability or be forced to alter our products, cease some or all of our operations relating to the

affected products, or seek to obtain a license in order to continue manufacturing and marketing the affected products, which may not

be available on acceptable terms or at all.

are dependent on our Chief Executive Officer, Mark L.

Baum, and other key persons for the continued growth and development of our Company.

Chief Executive Officer, Mark L.

Baum, along with other key persons, including, but not limited to, our Chief Financial Officer, Andrew

Boll, and the President of ImprimisRx, John P.

Saharek, have played a primary role in creating and developing our current business

We are highly dependent on these executives for the implementation of our business plan and the future development of our assets

and our business, and the loss of their services and leadership could materially adversely impact our Company.

we are unable to attract and retain key personnel and consultants, we may be unable to maintain or expand our business.

have been focusing on building our management, pharmacy, research and development, sales and marketing and other personnel to pursue

our current business model.

To achieve our planned growth, we may have significant difficulty attracting and retaining necessary employees.

Because of the specialized nature of our business, the ability to develop products and to compete will remain highly dependent upon our

ability to attract and retain qualified pharmacy, scientific, technical and commercial employees and consultants.

There is intense competition

to hire qualified personnel in our industry, and we may be unable to continue to attract and retain the qualified personnel necessary

for the development of our business.

The loss of key employees or consultants or the failure to recruit or engage new employees and consultants

could have a material adverse effect on our business.

In addition, any staffing interruptions resulting

from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, adverse public health developments such as the outbreak of the COVID-19 novel

coronavirus, or natural disasters including earthquakes, typhoons, floods and fires, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Related to Our Common Stock

we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which

could cause our stock price to fall.

we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which could

cause our stock price to fall.

internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial results.

If we cannot provide reliable financial results,

our consolidated financial statements could be misstated, our reputation may be harmed and the trading price of our common stock

could decline.

As we discussed in Item 9A of this Annual Report, our management concluded that our internal controls over financial

reporting were effective as of December 31, 2020.

However, our controls over financial processes and reporting may not continue

to be effective or we may identify material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls in the future.

failure to remediate any future material weaknesses or successfully implement required new or improved controls, could harm our

operating results, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our consolidated

financial statements or other public disclosures.

Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in

our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

If we cannot provide reliable financial results, our consolidated

financial statements could be misstated, our reputation may be harmed and the trading price of our common stock could decline.

discuss in Item 9A of this Annual Report, our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective

as of December 31, 2021.

However, our controls over financial processes and reporting may not continue to be effective or we may identify

material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls in the future.

Any failure to remediate any future material

weaknesses or successfully implement required new or improved controls, could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our

reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements or other public disclosures.

internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect

on the trading price of our common stock.

consistently active trading market for shares of our common stock may not be sustained.

Historically,

trading in our common stock has been sporadic and volatile and our common stock has been “thinly-traded.” There have

been, and may in the future be, extended periods when trading activity in our shares is minimal, compared to a seasoned issuer

with a large and steady volume of trading activity.

The market for our common stock is also characterized by significant price

volatility compared to seasoned issuers, and we expect that such volatility may continue.

As a result, the trading of relatively

small quantities of shares may disproportionately influence the market price of our common stock.

A consistently active and liquid

trading market in our securities may never develop or be sustained.

trading in our common stock has been sporadic and volatile and our common stock has been “thinly-traded.” There have been,

and may in the future be, extended periods when trading activity in our shares is minimal, compared to a seasoned issuer with a large

and steady volume of trading activity.

The market for our common stock is also characterized by significant price volatility compared

to seasoned issuers, and we expect that such volatility may continue.

As a result, the trading of relatively small quantities of shares

may disproportionately influence the market price of our common stock.

A consistently active and liquid trading market in our securities

may never develop or be sustained.

stock price may be volatile.

market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in response to various factors, many

of which are beyond our control, including the following:

our ability to execute our business plan;

operating results that fall

below expectations;

industry or regulatory developments;

market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in response to various factors, many of which

are beyond our control, including our ability to execute our business plan;

operating results that fall below expectations;

or regulatory developments;

investor perception of our industry or our prospects;

economic and other

external factors;

and the other risk factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section.

addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated

to the operating performance of particular companies.

These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market

price of our common stock.

economic and other external factors;

and the other

risk factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section.

addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the

operating performance of particular companies.

These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of

our common stock.

have the right to issue shares of preferred stock without obtaining stockholder approval.

If we were to issue preferred stock,

it may have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of our common stock.

are authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, with such rights, preferences and privileges

as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors.

Our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval,

to issue preferred stock at any time in one or more series and to fix the dividend rights, dissolution or liquidation preferences,

redemption prices, conversion rights, voting rights and other rights, preferences and privileges for any series of our preferred

stock that may be issued.

The issuance of shares of preferred stock, depending on the rights, preferences and privileges attributable

to the preferred stock, could reduce the voting rights and powers of our common stockholders and the portion of our assets allocated

for distribution to our common stockholders in a liquidation event, and could also result in dilution to the book value per share

of our common stock.

The preferred stock could also be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method for raising additional

capital or discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of our Company.

If we were to issue preferred stock, it may

have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of our common stock.

are authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, with such rights, preferences and privileges as

may be determined from time to time by our board of directors.

Our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to

issue preferred stock at any time in one or more series and to fix the dividend rights, dissolution or liquidation preferences, redemption

prices, conversion rights, voting rights and other rights, preferences and privileges for any series of our preferred stock that may

The issuance of shares of preferred stock, depending on the rights, preferences and privileges attributable to the preferred

stock, could reduce the voting rights and powers of our common stockholders and the portion of our assets allocated for distribution

to our common stockholders in a liquidation event, and could also result in dilution to the book value per share of our common stock.

The preferred stock could also be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method for raising additional capital or discouraging,

delaying or preventing a change in control of our Company.

have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future.

Any return on an investment will be limited

to any appreciation in the value of our common stock.

Any return on an investment will be limited to

any appreciation in the value of our common stock.

have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future.

Any payment of dividends

on our common stock would depend on contractual restrictions, such as those contained in our SWK loan agreement, as well as our

earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors as our board of directors may consider relevant.

not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price

on our common stock would depend on contractual restrictions, as well as our earnings, financial condition and other business and economic

factors as our board of directors may consider relevant.

If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a

return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.

or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

sale of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that sales could occur, may cause the

market price of our common stock to fall.

Sales could occur upon the expiration of any statutory holding period, such as under

Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, applicable to outstanding shares, upon expiration of any lock-up periods

applicable to outstanding shares, upon our issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, or upon our

issuance of shares pursuant offerings of our equity securities.

The availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of

our common stock, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, also could make it more difficult for us to raise additional

financing through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future when needed, on acceptable terms or at all.

sale of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that sales could occur, may cause the market

price of our common stock to fall.

Sales could occur upon the expiration of any statutory holding period, such as under Rule 144 under

the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, applicable to outstanding shares, upon expiration of any lock-up periods applicable to outstanding

shares, upon our issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, or upon our issuance of shares pursuant offerings

of our equity securities.

The availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, whether or not sales have

occurred or are occurring, also could make it more difficult for us to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-related

securities in the future, when needed, on acceptable terms or at all.

market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and stock price.

time to time, including recently as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme volatility

and disruptions, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic

growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability.

Our general business strategy may be adversely affected

by any such economic downturn, volatile business environment and continued unpredictable and unstable market conditions.

If the equity

and credit markets deteriorate, it may make any debt or equity financing more difficult to complete, more costly, and more dilutive.

In the event the Company or one of its subsidiaries needed to access additional capital, failure to secure financing in a timely manner

and on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, financial performance and stock price and could require

us to delay or abandon development plans.

In addition, there is a risk that one or more of our current service providers, manufacturers

and other partners may not survive an economic downturn, which could directly affect our ability to attain our operating goals on schedule

and on budget.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1A. Risk Factors