HARROW, INC. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”). Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and, unless otherwise stated, the information derived therefrom as presented in this discussion and analysis is presented, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The information contained in this Quarterly Report is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our common stock. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Quarterly Report and in our other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and subsequent reports, which discuss our business in greater detail. As used in this discussion and analysis, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms the “Company”, “Harrow” “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Harrow Health, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, consisting of Park Compounding, Inc., ImprimisRx, LLC, ImprimisRx NJ, LLC dba ImprimisRx, Imprimis NJOF, LLC, Radley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mayfield Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Stowe Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In this discussion and analysis, we refer to our consolidated subsidiaries ImprimisRx, LLC, ImprimisRx NJ, LLC and Imprimis NJOF, LLC collectively as “ImprimisRx.” In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “will”, “may”, “should”, “expects”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “forecasts”, “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. All statements made in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and reflect only our current views, expectations and assumptions with respect to future events and our future performance. If risks or uncertainties materialize or assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or events could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements we make include, among others, risks related to: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations; our ability to successfully implement our business plan, develop and commercialize our proprietary formulations in a timely manner or at all, identify and acquire additional proprietary formulations, manage our pharmacy operations, service our debt, obtain financing necessary to operate our business, recruit and retain qualified personnel, manage any growth we may experience and successfully realize the benefits of our previous acquisitions and any other acquisitions and collaborative arrangements we may pursue; competition from pharmaceutical companies, outsourcing facilities and pharmacies; general economic and business conditions; regulatory and legal risks and uncertainties related to our pharmacy operations and the pharmacy and pharmaceutical business in general; physician interest in and market acceptance of our current and any future formulations and compounding pharmacies generally; our limited operating history; and the other risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report and in our other filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or publicly update any forward-looking statement for any reason. Overview Our business specializes in the development, production and sale of innovative medications that offer unique competitive advantages and serve unmet needs in the marketplace through our subsidiaries and deconsolidated companies. We own and operate one of the nation’s leading ophthalmology pharmaceutical businesses, ImprimisRx. In addition to wholly owning ImprimisRx, we also have equity positions in Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Eton”), Surface Ophthalmics, Inc. (“Surface”), and Melt Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Melt”), all companies that began as subsidiaries of Harrow. In 2020, Harrow created Visionology, Inc. (“Visionology”) and will launch an online eye health platform business in certain regions. We also own royalty rights in various drug candidates being developed by Surface and Melt. 27 ImprimisRx ImprimisRx is our ophthalmology focused prescription pharmaceutical business. We offer to over 10,000 physician customers and their patients critical medicines to meet their needs that are unmet by commercially available drugs. We make our formulations available at prices that are, in most cases, lower than non-customized commercial drugs. Our current ophthalmology formulary includes over twenty compounded formulations, many of which are patented or patent-pending, and are customizable for the specific needs of a patient. Some examples of our compounded medications are various combinations of drugs formulated into one bottle and numerous preservative free formulations. Depending on the formulation, the regulations of a specific state and ultimately the needs of the patient, ImprimisRx products may be dispensed as patient-specific medications from our 503A pharmacy, or for in-office use, made according to current good manufacturing practices (or cGMPs) or other FDA-guidance documents, in our FDA-registered New Jersey outsourcing facility (“NJOF”). Visionology Visionology, a direct-to-consumer online eye health platform, leverages our experience in the ophthalmic pharmaceutical business as well as our relationships with eyecare professionals across the United States. We expect to launch a proof-of-concept model for Visionology within a certain region of the U.S., and if successful, will expand the launch on a nationwide basis later in 2021. Pharmaceutical Compounding Businesses Pharmaceutical Compounding Pharmaceutical compounding is the science of combining different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), all of which are approved by the FDA (either as a finished form product or as a bulk drug ingredient) and excipients, to create specialized pharmaceutical preparations. Physicians and healthcare institutions use compounded drugs when commercially available drugs do not optimally treat a patient’s needs. In many cases, compounded drugs, such as ours, have wide market utility and may be clinically appropriate for large patient populations. Examples of compounded formulations include medications with alternative dosage strengths or unique dosage forms, such as topical creams or gels, suspensions, or solutions with more tolerable drug delivery vehicles. Almost all of our sales revenue is derived from making, selling and dispensing our compounded prescription drug formulations as cash pay transactions between us and our end-user customer. As such, the majority of our commercial transactions do not involve distributors, wholesalers, insurance companies, pharmacy benefit managers or other middle parties. By not being reliant on insurance company formulary inclusion and pharmacy benefit manager payment clawbacks, we are able to simplify the prescription transaction process. We believe the outcome of our business model is a simple transaction, involving a patient-in-need, a physician’s diagnosis, a fair price and great service for a quality pharmaceutical product. We sell our products through a network of employees and independent contractors and we dispense our formulations in all 50 states, Puerto Rico and in selected markets outside the United States. Our Compounding Facilities Pharmaceutical compounding businesses are governed by Sections 503A and 503B of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FDCA”). Section 503A of the FDCA provides that a pharmacy is only permitted to compound a drug for an individually identified patient based on a prescription for a patient, and is only permitted to distribute the drug interstate if the pharmacy is licensed to do so in the states where it is compounded and where the medication is received. Section 503B of the FDCA provides that a pharmacy engaged in preparing sterile compounded drug formulations may voluntarily elect to register as an “outsourcing facility.” Outsourcing facilities are permitted to compound large quantities of drugs without a prescription and distribute them out of state with certain limitations such as the formulation appearing on the FDA’s drug shortage list or the bulk drug substances contained in the formulations appearing on the FDA’s “clinical need” list. Entities voluntarily registering with FDA as outsourcing facilities are subject to additional requirements that do not apply to compounding pharmacies (operating under Section 503A of the FDCA), including adhering to standards such as current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) or other FDA guidance documents and being subject to regular FDA inspection. We operate two compounding facilities located in Ledgewood, New Jersey. Our New Jersey operations are comprised of two separate entities and facilities, one of which is registered with the FDA as an outsourcing facility (“NJOF”) under Section 503B of the FDCA. The other New Jersey facility (“RxNJ”), is a licensed pharmacy operating under Section 503A of the FDCA. All products that we sell, produce and dispense are made in the United States. 28 We believe that, with our current compounding pharmacy facilities and licenses and FDA registration of NJOF, we have the infrastructure to scale our business appropriately under the current regulatory landscape and meet the potential growth in demand we are targeting. We plan to invest in one or both of our facilities to further their capacity and efficiencies. Also, we may seek to access greater pharmacy and production related redundancy and markets through acquisitions, partnerships or other strategic transactions. Pharmaceutical Development Businesses We have ownership interests in Eton, Surface and Melt and hold royalty interests in some of the drug candidates of Surface and Melt. These companies are pursuing market approval for their drug candidates under the FDCA, including in some instances under the abbreviated pathway described in Section 505(b)(2) which permits the submission of a new drug application (“NDA”) where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. In 2018 and 2019, we formed and created subsidiaries named Radley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Radley”), Mayfield Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Mayfield”), and Stowe Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Stowe”). In 2020, we halted nearly all operating activities related to these subsidiaries to invest resources in other areas and may not restart any or all activities related to these businesses. De-Consolidated Businesses (Noncontrolling Equity Interests) Surface Ophthalmics, Inc. Surface is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on development and commercialization of innovative therapeutics for ocular surface diseases. In January 2021, Surface announced positive top-line results from a phase 2 trial of its drug candidate SURF-201, a 0.2% betamethasone, preservative-free ophthalmic solution in the Klarity delivery vehicle for the treatment of post cataract surgery pain and inflammation. According to the Surface results, SURF-201 was dosed twice daily, met its primary endpoints of absence of inflammation at both Day 8 and Day 15 and was found to be safe and well-tolerated by the patient group. In addition, a secondary endpoint showed almost 90% of patients given SURF-201 were pain free at Day 15. SURF-201 marks the first ophthalmic therapeutic in the United States to utilize betamethasone as well as being the first preservative-free unit dose therapy for the treatment of post-operative pain and inflammation. Also in January 2021, Surface announced the first patient dosed in a head-to-head phase 2 trial for its drug candidate SURF-100 (mycophenolate sodium and betamethasone in Klarity vehicle) for the treatment of chronic dry eye disease. The head-to-head study will compare SURF-100 against leading on-market competitors lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5% (marketed as Xiidra®) and cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (marketed as Restasis®). In February 2021, Surface announced the first patient dosed in a phase 2 trial for its drug candidate SURF-200 (betamethasone in Klarity vehicle) for the treatment of episodic dry eye flares. The dose ranging study for SURF-200 will be administered in two different low concentration formulations of betamethasone in the Klarity vehicle. The trial will enroll 120 to 140 patients with a primary endpoint of Symptom Improvement of one unit based on the University of North Carolina Dry Eye Management Scale by the eighth day. In 2018, Surface closed on an offering of its Series A Preferred Stock. At that time, we lost our controlling interest and deconsolidated Surface from our consolidated financial statements. We own 3,500,000 shares of Surface which was approximately 30% of the equity and voting interests as of March 31, 2021. Harrow owns mid-single digit royalty rights on net sales of SURF-100, SURF-200 and SURF-201. We expect Surface to complete another round of financing within the next six months. Melt Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Melt is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of proprietary non-intravenous, sedation and anesthesia therapeutics for human medical procedures in hospital, outpatient, and in-office settings. Melt intends to seek regulatory approval for its proprietary technologies, where possible. In December 2018, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Melt (the “Melt Asset Purchase Agreement”), and Harrow assigned to Melt the underlying intellectual property for Melt’s current pipeline, including its lead drug candidate MELT-100. The core intellectual property Melt owns is a patented series of combination non-opioid sedation drug formulations that we estimate to have multitudinous applications. 29 MELT-100 is a novel, sublingually delivered, non-IV, opioid-free drug candidate being developed for procedural sedation. Melt filed an investigational new drug application (“IND”) with the FDA in June 2020 and began its clinical program for MELT-100. In February 2021, Melt announced data from, and the successful completion of, its phase 1 study. Melt expects to begin its phase 2 study for MELT-100 in the second half of 2021. In January 2019, Melt closed an offering of its Series A Preferred Stock. At that time, we lost our controlling interest and deconsolidated Melt from our consolidated financial statements. We own 3,500,000 shares of Melt common stock, which was approximately 44% of the equity and voting interests issued and outstanding of as of March 31, 2021. We expect Melt to complete another round of financing within the next six months. Pursuant to the terms of the Melt Asset Purchase Agreement, Melt is required to make mid-single digit royalty payments to the Company on net sales of MELT-100, while any patent rights remain outstanding, subject to other conditions. Melt can require the Company to cease compounding like products at the time of FDA approval of MELT-100. If approved, we do not expect a cessation of compounding like products to have a material impact on our operations and financial performance. Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Eton is a commercial-stage pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing innovative drug products. Its pipeline includes several products and drug candidates in various stages of development across a variety of dosage forms. In May 2017, Eton closed an offering of its Series A Preferred Stock and we lost our controlling interest in it. In November 2018, Eton completed an initial public offering of its common stock. At that time, we gave up our controlling interest and deconsolidated Eton from our consolidated financial statements. As of the date of this Quarterly Report and following our April 2021 sale, we own 1,982,000 shares of Eton common stock. We owned less than 20% of the equity and voting interests issued and outstanding of Eton as of March 31, 2021. Factors Affecting Our Performance We believe the primary factors affecting our performance are our ability to increase revenues of our proprietary compounded formulations and certain non-proprietary products, grow and gain operating efficiencies in our pharmacy operations, potential regulatory-related restrictions, optimize pricing and obtain reimbursement options for our proprietary compounded formulations, and continue to pursue development and commercialization opportunities for certain of our ophthalmology and other assets that we have not yet made commercially available as compounded formulations. We believe we have built a tangible and intangible infrastructure that will allow us to scale revenues efficiently in the near and long-term. All of these activities will require significant costs and other resources, which we may not have or be able to obtain from operations or other sources. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. Reimbursement Options Our proprietary ophthalmic compounded formulations are currently primarily available on a cash-pay basis. However, we work with third-party insurers, pharmacy benefit managers and buying groups to offer patient-specific customizable compounded formulations at accessible prices. We may devote time and other resources to seek reimbursement and patient pay opportunities for these and other compounded formulations and we have hired pharmacy billers to process certain existing reimbursement opportunities for certain formulations. However, we may be unsuccessful in achieving these goals, as many third-party payors have imposed significant restrictions on reimbursement for compounded formulations in recent years. Moreover, third-party payors, including Medicare, are increasingly attempting to contain health care costs by limiting coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. Further, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Health Care Reform Law”), may have a considerable impact on the existing U.S. system for the delivery and financing of health care and could conceivable have a material effect on our business. As a result, reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid and other third-party payors may never be available for any of our products or, if available, may not be sufficient to allow us to sell the products on a competitive basis and at desirable price points. We are communicating with government and third-party payors in order to make our formulations available to more patients and at optimized pricing levels. However, if government and other third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement levels for our formulations, the market acceptance and opportunity for our formulations may be limited. 30 COVID-19 Pandemic A novel strain of coronavirus was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease caused by it, COVID-19, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. On March 18, 2020, CMS released guidance for U.S. healthcare providers to limit all elective medical procedures in order to conserve personal protective equipment and limit exposure to COVID-19 during the pendency of the pandemic. In addition to limiting elective medical procedures, many hospitals and other healthcare providers have strictly limited access to their facilities during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and healthcare delivery, led to social distancing recommendation, and created significant volatility in financial markets. In May 2020 and the following months, U.S. states and geographies began easing restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic including those restrictions related to elective procedures. We have since seen sales of our products return to near historical norms and trends as restrictions associated with elective procedures and the COVID-19 pandemic have continued to ease. However, given the unprecedented and dynamic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may not be able to reasonably estimate the impacts it may have on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in the future, especially if there are new restrictions in elective procedures in the future which would have an adverse impact, which may be material, on our future revenues, profitability and cash flows. Recent Developments The following describes certain developments in 2021 to date that are important to understand our financial condition and results of operations. See the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for additional information about each of these developments. PPP Loan In April 2020, we entered into an unsecured promissory note and related Business Loan Agreement with Renasant Bank, as lender, for a loan (the “PPP Loan”) in the principal amount of $1,967,000 and received cash proceeds of the same amount, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the Federal Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), which was enacted March 27, 2020. The PPP is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration. On March 30, 2021, the Company received a notice of forgiveness of the full balance of the PPP Loan, including all accrued interest, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the CARES Act and accordingly recognized a gain on forgiveness of debt of $1,967,000. Eton Stock Sale In April 2021, we closed an underwritten public offering of 1,518,000 shares of our Eton common stock at a public offering price of $7.00 per share (the “Eton Stock Sale”). The gross proceeds to us from the Eton Stock Sale were $10,626,000 before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the Company. Following such sale, we own 1,982,000 shares of Eton common stock, which represented approximately 8.1% of the equity interests issued and outstanding of Eton as of April 12, 2021. As part of the Eton Stock Sale, we also agreed, for a period of 180 days, not to conduct any further sales of shares of its common stock of Eton or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common stock of Eton (or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, the common stock of Eton). The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Eton Stock Sale for general corporate purposes, including funding future strategic product acquisitions and related investments, making capital expenditures and funding working capital. 8.625% Senior Notes Due 2026 In April 2021, we closed an offering of $50,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.625% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Notes”) and in May 2021, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional $5,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Notes ($55,000,000 in total). T he Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equally in right of payment with all of our other existing and future senior unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The Notes are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness of the Company’s subsidiaries, including trade payables. The Notes bear interest at the rate of 8.625% per annum. Interest on the Notes is payable quarterly in arrears on January 31, April 30, July 31 and October 31 of each year, commencing on July 31, 2021. The Notes will mature on April 30, 2026. Prior to February 1, 2026, we may, at our option, redeem the Notes, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus a make-whole amount, if any, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. We may redeem the Notes for cash in whole or in part at any time at our option on or after February 1, 2026 and prior to maturity, at a price equal to 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. On and after any redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the redeemed Notes. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Notes for general corporate purposes, including funding future strategic product acquisitions and related investments, making capital expenditures and funding working capital. 31 Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock On May 5, 2021, we issued 440,000 shares of Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) for gross proceeds of $11,000. The Series B Preferred Stock is not convertible into our common stock, has no voting rights, except as required by Delaware law, and is redeemable by us at any time. Holders of Series B Preferred Stock, when and as authorized by the our Board of Directors, are entitled to cumulative cash dividends at the rate of 9.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per year (equivalent to $2.375 per share per year); provided, however, that for each thirty (30) day period following May 5, 2021, the dividend rate shall be increased in increments of fifty (50) basis points, and effective September 30, 2021, the dividend rate shall be set at 12%, and for each thirty (30) day period thereafter, the dividend rate shall be increased in increments of one hundred (100) basis points except as otherwise limited by applicable law. Dividends will be payable quarterly in arrears, on or about the 15th of January, April, July and October, beginning on or about July 15, 2021. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will have preference to holders of our common stock at $25.00 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends (whether authorized or declared). The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Series B Preferred Stock for general corporate purposes, including funding future strategic product acquisitions and related investments, making capital expenditures and funding working capital. Mayfield Pharmaceuticals MAY-66 License Termination In May 2021, Mayfield terminated the License Agreement (the “TGV License”) with TGV-Health, LLC and affiliated entities (collectively, “TGV”), pursuant to which it acquired intellectual property rights for use in the women’s health field, related to Mayfield’s proprietary drug candidate MAY-66. Concurrent with the termination, TGV returned to Mayfield 300,000 shares of Mayfield’s common stock, constituting all of the equity held by TVG. Mayfield has no outstanding or remaining obligations under the TGV License. Mayfield Pharmaceuticals MAY-44 APA Termination In May 2021, Mayfield and Harrow terminated their asset purchase agreement dated January 2020 for intellectual property rights associated with Mayfield’s drug candidate MAY-44 with Elle Pharmaceutical LLC (the “MAY-44 APA”). As part of the termination, Mayfield re-acquired 350,000 shares of its common stock from Elle for $350. Mayfield has no outstanding or remaining obligations related to the MAY-44 APA. Stowe License Termination In May 2021, Stowe terminated the License Agreement (the “Stowe License”) with TGV, pursuant to which it acquired intellectual property rights for use in the ophthalmic field, related to Stowe’s proprietary drug candidate STE-006. Concurrent with the termination, TGV returned to Stowe 1,750,000 shares of Stowe’s common stock, constituting all of the equity held by TVG. Stowe has no outstanding or remaining obligations under the Stowe License. Results of Operations The following period-to-period comparisons of our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, are not necessarily indicative of results for the current period or any future period. Revenues Our revenues include amounts recorded from sales of proprietary compounded formulations, commissions from third parties and revenues received from royalty payments owed to us pursuant to out-license arrangements. The following presents our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: For the Three Months Ended March 31, $ 2021 2020 Variance Product sales, net $ 14,948,000 $ 11,810,000 $ 3,138,000 Other revenues 495,000 7,000 488,000 Total revenues $ 15,443,000 $ 11,817,000 $ 3,626,000 The increase in revenues between periods was related to an increase in sales volumes of our ophthalmology products and commissions attributable to sales of Dexycu®. Cost of Sales Our cost of sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, manufacturing equipment and tenant improvements depreciation, the write-off of obsolete inventory and other related expenses. 32 The following presents our cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: For the Three Months Ended March 31, $ 2021 2019 Variance Cost of sales $ 3,770,000 $ 3,626,000 $ 144,000 The increase in our cost of sales between periods was largely attributable to an increase in unit volumes sold. Gross Profit and Margin For the Three Months Ended March 31, $ 2021 2020 Variance Gross Profit $ 11,673,000 $ 8,191,000 $ 3,482,000 Gross Margin 75.6 % 69.3 % 6.3 % The increase in gross margin between periods is largely attributable to increased unit volumes sold, efficiencies in our production process, including increased batch sizes and improved utilization of capacities as a result of increased output. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Our selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel costs, including wages and stock-based compensation, corporate facility expenses, and investor relations, consulting, insurance, filing, legal and accounting fees and expenses as well as costs associated with our marketing activities and sales of our proprietary compounded formulations and other non-proprietary pharmacy products and formulations. The following presents our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: For the Three Months Ended March 31, $ 2021 2020 Variance Selling, general and administrative $ 8,164,000 $ 8,416,000 $ (252,000 ) The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses between periods was mostly attributable to a slight decrease in sales and marketing expenses associated with our pharmacy operations. Research and Development Expenses Our research and development expenses primarily include personnel costs, including wages and stock-based compensation, expenses related to the development of intellectual property, investigator-initiated research and evaluations, formulation development, and other costs related to the clinical development of our assets. The following presents our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: For the Three Months Ended March 31, $ 2021 2020 Variance Research and development $ 592,000 $ 403,000 $ 189,000 The increase in research and development expenses between periods was primarily attributable to formulation development studies for new ophthalmic formulations and clinical programs related to our drug development segment during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Interest Expense, net Interest expense, net was $513,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $560,000 for the same period last year. The decrease during the period ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 was primarily due to interest expense recognition related to a decrease in the outstanding principal amount of our debt obligations. 33 Investment Loss from Melt During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded a net loss of $470,000 and $546,000, respectively, related to our share of losses in Melt. Investment Loss from Surface During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded a loss of $849,000 and $339,000, respectively, for our share of losses based on our ownership of Surface. Investment Loss from Eton We recorded an unrealized loss of $2,835,000 and $10,850,000 related to the change in fair market value of Eton’s common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Gain on Forgiveness of Debt During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded gain on forgiveness of debt of $1,967,000, related to the forgiveness of our PPP Loan. Net Income (Loss) The following table presents our net income (loss) and per share net income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020: For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 2020 Net income (loss) attributable to Harrow Health, Inc. $ 217,000 $ (12,907,000 ) Net income (loss) per share, basic $ 0.01 $ (0.50 ) Net income (loss) per share, diluted $ 0.01 $ (0.50 ) Financial Information About Segments and Geographic Areas Management evaluates performance of the Company based on operating segments. Segment performance for our two operating segments are based on segment contribution. Our reportable segments consist of (i) our commercial stage pharmaceutical business ImprimisRx; and (ii) the start-up operations associated with our pharmaceutical drug development business (Pharmaceutical Drug Development). Segment contribution for the segments represents net revenues less cost of sales, research and development, selling and marketing expenses, and select general and administrative expenses. We do not evaluate the following items at the segment level: ● Selling, general and administrative expenses that result from shared infrastructure, including certain expenses associated with litigation and other legal matters, public company costs (e.g. investor relations), board of directors and principal executive officers, and other like shared expenses. ● Operating expenses within selling, general and administrative expenses that result from the impact of corporate initiatives. Corporate initiatives primarily include integration, restructuring, acquisition and other shared costs. ● Other select revenues and operating expenses including R&D expenses, amortization, and asset sales and impairments, net as not all such information has been accounted for at the segment level, or such information has not been used by all segments. ● Total assets including capital expenditures. The Company defines segment net revenues as pharmaceutical compounded drug sales, licenses and other revenue derived from related agreements. Cost of sales within segment contribution includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture formulations and sell products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, personnel costs, packaging, storage, royalties, shipping and handling costs, manufacturing equipment and tenant improvements depreciation, the write-off of obsolete inventory and other related expenses. 34 Selling, general and administrative expenses consist mainly of personnel-related costs, marketing and promotion costs, distribution costs, professional service costs, insurance, depreciation, facilities costs, transaction costs, and professional services costs which are general in nature and attributable to the segment. See Note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for more information about our reportable segments. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Our cash on hand (including restricted cash) at March 31, 2021 was $6,504,000, compared to $4,301,000 at December 31, 2020. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we believe that cash and cash equivalents of $6,304,000 and restricted investments of $200,000, totaling approximately $6,504,000 at March 31, 2021, along with gross proceeds received from the Eton Stock Sale of $10,626,000, $55,000,000 from the issuance of the Notes and $11,000,000 from the issuance of our Series B Cumulative Preferred Stock will be sufficient to sustain our planned level of operations and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. In addition, we may consider the sale of certain assets including, but not limited to, part of, or all of, our ownership interest in Eton, Surface, Melt, and/or any of our consolidated subsidiaries. However, our plans for this period may change, our estimates of our operating expenses, capital expenditures and working capital requirements could be inaccurate, we may pursue acquisitions of pharmacies, revenue generating products, drug candidates or other strategic transactions that involve large expenditures or we may experience growth more quickly or on a larger scale than we expect, any of which could result in the depletion of capital resources more rapidly than anticipated and could require us to seek additional financing earlier than we expect to support our operations. We expect to use our current cash position and funds generated from our operations and any financing to pursue our business plan, which includes developing and commercializing compounded formulations and technologies, integrating and developing our operations, pursuing potential future strategic transactions as opportunities arise, including potential acquisitions of additional pharmacy, outsourcing facilities, drug company and manufacturers, drug products, drug candidates, and/or assets or technologies, and otherwise fund our operations. We may also use our resources to conduct clinical trials or other studies in support of our formulations or any drug candidate for which we pursue FDA approval, to pursue additional development programs or to explore other development opportunities. Net Cash Flow The following provides detailed information about our net cash flows: For the Three months Ended March 31, 2021 2020 Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 3,208,000 $ (550,000 ) Investing activities (224,000 ) (273,000 ) Financing activities (781,000 ) (2,000 ) Net change in cash and cash equivalents 2,203,000 (825,000 ) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period 4,301,000 4,949,000 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period $ 6,504,000 $ 4,124,000 Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $3,208,000 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $550,000 during the same period in the prior year. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities during the periods was mainly attributed to the increase in revenues. Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $(224,000) and $(273,000), respectively. Cash used in investing activities in 2021 and 2020 was primarily associated with equipment and software purchases and upgrades along with investments in our intellectual property portfolio. 35 Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $(781,000) and $(2,000), respectively. Cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was related to principal payments on our SWK loan. Sources of Capital Our principal sources of cash consist of cash provided by operating activities from our pharmaceutical compounding business, in addition to proceeds received subsequent to March 31, 2021 from the sale of the Notes, Series B Preferred Stock and sale of Eton Stock. We may also sell some or all of our ownership interests in Surface, Melt or our other subsidiaries, along with the remaining portion of our Eton common stock. The changing trends and overall economic outlook in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the historical interim stay-at-home orders and bans on elective surgeries, created uncertainty surrounding our operating outlook and may impact our future operating results if there is a rise in COVID-19 related cases in the US. As a result, we may need significant additional capital to support our business plan and fund our proposed business operations. We may receive additional proceeds from the exercise of stock purchase warrants that are currently outstanding. We may also seek additional financing from a variety of sources, including other equity or debt financings, funding from corporate partnerships or licensing arrangements, sales of assets or any other financing transaction. If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience substantial dilution, and the newly issued equity or debt securities may have more favorable terms or rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration or licensing arrangements or sales of assets, we may be required to relinquish potentially valuable rights to our product candidates or proprietary technologies or formulations, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we raise funds by incurring additional debt, we may be required to pay significant interest expenses and our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization may increase. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming they would be available, would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments and may impose restrictions on our activities, such as the financial and operating covenants. Further, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital and/or financing transactions, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs. We may also be required to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as convertible notes and warrants, which would adversely impact our financial results. We may be unable to obtain financing when necessary as a result of, among other things, our performance, general economic conditions, conditions in the pharmaceuticals and pharmacy industries, or our operating history, including our past bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, the fact that we have a limited history of profitability could further impact the availability or cost to us of future financings. As a result, sufficient funds may not be available when needed from any source or, if available, such funds may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us. If we are unable to raise funds to satisfy our capital needs when needed, then we may need to forego pursuit of potentially valuable development or acquisition opportunities, we may not be able to continue to operate our business pursuant to our business plan, which would require us to modify our operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level by, among other things, delaying, scaling back or eliminating some or all of our ongoing or planned investments in corporate infrastructure, business development, sales and marketing and other activities, or we may be forced to discontinue our operations entirely. Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Not applicable.