Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, future financial results, liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as "outlook," "believes," "expects," "forecasts," "potential," "continues," "may," "will," "should," "could," "seeks," "projects," "predicts," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "anticipates" or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties including, among others, risks inherent to the hospitality industry; macroeconomic factors beyond our control, such as inflation, changes in interest rates, challenges due to labor shortages or disputes and supply chain disruptions; the loss of key senior management personnel; competition for hotel guests and management and franchise contracts; risks related to doing business with third-party hotel owners; performance of our information technology systems; growth of reservation channels outside of our system; risks of doing business outside of the U.S.; risks associated with conflicts in Eastern Europe and the Middle East; uncertainty resulting from U.S. and global political trends, tariffs and other policies, including potential barriers to travel, trade and immigration and other geopolitical events; and our indebtedness. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe these factors include, but are not limited to, those described under "Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.
Overview
Our Business
Hilton is one of the largest global hospitality companies, with 8,602 properties comprising 1,282,192 rooms in 139 countries and territories as of March 31, 2025. Our premier brand portfolio includes luxury, lifestyle, full service, focused service and all-suites hotel brands, as well as timeshare brands. As of March 31, 2025, we had 218 million members in our award-winning guest loyalty program, Hilton Honors, an increase of 16 percent from March 31, 2024.
Segments and Regions
We analyze our operations and business by both operating segments and geographic regions. Our operations consist of two reportable segments that are based on similar products and services: (i) management and franchise and (ii) ownership. The management and franchise segment provides services, including hotel management and licensing of our IP and/or the use of our booking channels and related programs. Revenues from this segment include: (i) management and franchise fees charged to third-party hotel owners; (ii) licensing fees from our strategic partners, including co-branded credit card providers and strategic partner hotels, and HGV; and (iii) fees for managing the hotels in our ownership segment. As a manager of hotels, we typically are responsible for supervising or operating the hotel in exchange for management fees. As a franchisor of hotels, we charge franchise fees in exchange for the use of one of our brand names and/or related commercial services, such as our reservations system, marketing and information technology services, while a third party manages or operates such franchised hotels. The ownership segment primarily derives revenues from nightly hotel room sales, food and beverage sales and other services at our consolidated hotels.
We conduct business in three distinct geographic regions: (i) the Americas; (ii) Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"); and (iii) Asia Pacific. The Americas region includes North America, South America and Central America, including all Caribbean nations. Although the U.S., which represented 65 percent of our system-wide hotel rooms as of March 31, 2025, is included in the Americas region, it is often analyzed separately and apart from the Americas region and, as such, it is presented separately within our hotel operating statistics in "—Results of Operations." The EMEA region includes Europe, which represents the western-most peninsula of Eurasia stretching from Iceland in the west to Russia in the east, and the Middle East
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and Africa ("MEA"), which represents the Middle East region and all African nations, including the Indian Ocean island nations. Europe and MEA are often analyzed separately and, as such, are presented separately within our hotel operating statistics in "—Results of Operations." The Asia Pacific region includes the eastern and southeastern nations of Asia, as well as India, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island nations.
System Growth and Development Pipeline
Our strategic objectives include the continued expansion of our global hotel network, in particular our fee-based business. As we enter into new management and franchise contracts and enter into strategic agreements to complement our hotel portfolio, we expand our business with limited or no capital investment by us as the manager, franchisor or licensor, since the capital required to build, renovate and maintain hotels is typically provided by the third-party owners with whom we contract to provide management services, license our IP or provide access to our booking channels and related programs. Prior to approving the addition of new hotels to our management and franchise development pipeline, we evaluate the economic viability of the hotel based on its geographic location, the credit quality of the third-party owner and other factors. By increasing the number of management and franchise contracts with third-party owners, over time we expect to increase revenues, overall return on invested capital and free cash flow. See further discussion on our cash management policy in "—Liquidity and Capital Resources." The current economic environment, including elevated levels of inflation and interest rates, has posed certain challenges to the execution of our growth strategy, which in some cases have included and may continue to include delays in openings and new development.
In addition to our current hotel portfolio, we are focused on the growth of our business by expanding our global hotel network through our development pipeline, which represents hotels that we expect to add to our system in the future. The following table summarizes our development activity:
As of or for the
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2025
Hotels Rooms (1)
Hotel system
Openings
186 20,100
Net additions (2)
155 14,000
Development pipeline
Additions
270 32,600
Count as of period end (3)
3,600 503,400
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(1) Rounded to the nearest hundred.
(2) Represents room additions, net of rooms removed from our system. Net unit growth from March 31, 2024 to March 31, 2025 was 7.2 percent.
(3) The hotels in our development pipeline were under development throughout 123 countries and territories, including 27 countries and territories where we had no existing hotels, with nearly half of the rooms under construction and more than half of the rooms located outside of the U.S. Rooms under construction include rooms for hotels under construction or operating hotels that are in the process of conversion to our system. Nearly all of the rooms in our development pipeline will be in our management and franchise segment upon opening. We do not consider any individual development project to be material to us.
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Key Business and Financial Metrics Used by Management
Comparable Hotels
We define our comparable hotels as those that: (i) were active and operating in our system for at least one full calendar year, have not undergone a change in brand or ownership type during the current or comparable periods and were open January 1st of the previous year; and (ii) have not undergone large-scale capital projects, sustained substantial property damage, encountered business interruption or for which comparable results were not available. We exclude strategic partner hotels from our comparable hotels. Of the 8,497 hotels in our system as of March 31, 2025, 449 hotels were strategic partner hotels and 6,503 hotels were classified as comparable hotels. Our 1,545 non-comparable hotels as of March 31, 2025 included (i) 742 hotels that were added to our system after January 1, 2024 or that have undergone a change in brand or ownership type during the current or comparable periods reported and (ii) 803 hotels that were removed from the comparable group for the current or comparable periods reported because they underwent or are undergoing large-scale capital projects, sustained substantial property damage, encountered business interruption or comparable results were otherwise not available.
Occupancy
Occupancy represents the total number of room nights sold divided by the total number of room nights available at a hotel or group of hotels for a given period. Occupancy measures the utilization of available capacity at a hotel or group of hotels. Management uses occupancy to gauge demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period. Occupancy levels also help management determine achievable Average Daily Rate ("ADR") pricing levels as demand for hotel rooms increases or decreases.
ADR
ADR represents hotel room revenue divided by the total number of room nights sold for a given period. ADR measures the average room price attained by a hotel, and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. ADR is a commonly used performance measure in the industry, and we use ADR to assess pricing levels that we are able to generate by type of customer, as changes in rates charged to customers have different effects on overall revenues and incremental profitability than changes in occupancy, as described above.
Revenue per Available Room ("RevPAR")
RevPAR is calculated by dividing hotel room revenue by the total number of room nights available to guests for a given period. We consider RevPAR to be a meaningful indicator of our performance as it provides a metric correlated to two primary and key drivers of operations at a hotel or group of hotels, as previously described: occupancy and ADR. RevPAR is also a useful indicator in measuring performance over comparable periods for comparable hotels.
References to occupancy, ADR and RevPAR are presented on a comparable basis, based on the comparable hotels as of March 31, 2025, and references to ADR and RevPAR are presented on a currency neutral basis, unless otherwise noted. As such, comparisons of these hotel operating statistics for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 use foreign currency exchange rates for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as net income (loss), excluding interest expense, a provision for income tax benefit (expense) and depreciation and amortization expenses, as well as gains, losses, revenues and expenses earned or incurred in connection with: (i) asset dispositions for both consolidated and unconsolidated investments; (ii) foreign currency transactions; (iii) debt restructurings and retirements; (iv) FF&E replacement reserves required under certain lease agreements; (v) share-based compensation; (vi) reorganization, severance, relocation and other expenses; (vii) non-cash impairment; (viii) amortization of contract acquisition costs; (ix) cost reimbursement revenues and reimbursed expenses; and (x) other items.
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors about us and our financial condition and results of operations for the following reasons: (i) it is used by our management team to evaluate our operating performance and make day-to-day operating decisions and (ii) it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties as a common performance measure to compare results or estimate valuations across companies in our industry. Additionally, this measure excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries and among competitors within our industry. For instance, interest expense and income taxes are dependent on company specifics, including, among other things, capital
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structure and operating jurisdictions, respectively, and, therefore, could vary significantly across companies. Depreciation and amortization expenses, as well as amortization of contract acquisition costs, are dependent upon company policies, including the method of acquiring and depreciating assets and the useful lives that are assigned to those depreciating or amortizing assets for accounting purposes. We also exclude items such as: (i) FF&E replacement reserves for leased hotels to be consistent with the treatment of capital expenditures for property and equipment, where depreciation of such capitalized assets is reported within depreciation and amortization expenses; (ii) share-based compensation, as this could vary widely among companies due to the different plans in place and the usage of them; and (iii) other items that are not reflective of our operating performance, such as amounts related to debt restructurings and debt retirements and reorganization and related severance costs, to enhance period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing operations. Further, Adjusted EBITDA excludes both cost reimbursement revenues and reimbursed expenses as we contractually do not operate the related programs to generate a profit and have contractual rights to adjust future collections to recover prior period expenditures. The direct reimbursements from property owners are billable and reimbursable as the costs are incurred and have no net effect on net income (loss) in the reporting period. The indirect reimbursements from property owners are typically billed and collected monthly, based on the underlying hotel's sales or usage (e.g., gross room revenue or number of reservations processed), while the associated costs are recognized as incurred by Hilton, creating timing differences, with the net effect impacting net income (loss) in the reporting period. These timing differences are due to our discretion to spend in excess of revenues earned or less than revenues earned in a single period to ensure that the programs are operated in the best long-term interests of our property owners. However, over the life of the operation of these programs, the expenses incurred related to the indirect reimbursements are designed to equal the revenues earned from the indirect reimbursements over time such that, in the long term, the programs will not earn a profit or generate a loss and do not impact our economics, either positively or negatively. Therefore, the net effect of our reimbursed revenues and expenses is not used by management to evaluate our operating performance, determine executive compensation or make other operating decisions, and we exclude their impact when evaluating period over period performance results.
Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative, either in isolation or as a substitute, for net income (loss) or other measures of financial performance or liquidity, including cash flows, derived in accordance with GAAP. Further, Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, including:
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our indebtedness;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect income tax expenses or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect historical cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the effect on earnings or changes resulting from matters that we consider not to be indicative of our future operations;
• although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and
• other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.
Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as discretionary cash available to us to reinvest in the growth of our business, return to our stockholders through share repurchases and dividends or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations.
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Results of Operations
The hotel operating statistics by region for our system-wide comparable hotels were as follows:
Three Months Ended Change
March 31, 2025 2025 vs. 2024
System-wide
Occupancy 66.8 % 0.4 % pts.
ADR $ 155.07 1.8 %
RevPAR $ 103.59 2.5 %
U.S.
Occupancy 67.7 % 0.2 % pts.
ADR $ 164.58 1.7 %
RevPAR $ 111.39 2.1 %
Americas (excluding U.S.)
Occupancy 64.4 % 0.4 % pts.
ADR $ 153.63 7.1 %
RevPAR $ 98.92 7.7 %
Europe
Occupancy 64.5 % 0.6 % pts.
ADR $ 138.58 1.6 %
RevPAR $ 89.34 2.6 %
MEA
Occupancy 70.8 % 2.1 % pts.
ADR $ 202.79 5.3 %
RevPAR $ 143.55 8.5 %
Asia Pacific
Occupancy 64.1 % 0.8 % pts.
ADR $ 107.09 (1.2) %
RevPAR $ 68.69 — %
System-wide RevPAR increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, supported by improvements in system-wide ADR, which included the impact of inflation, an increase in occupancy in all regions and increased group performance in all regions. The U.S., Europe and MEA all benefited from holiday shifts in the respective regions. The increase in RevPAR in the U.S. was also a result of special events. Europe was also positively impacted by an increase in business travel. MEA benefited from the shift of Ramadan fully into the first quarter, as well as an increase in inbound business and leisure travel. The increase in the Americas, excluding the U.S., was also due to special events in the region, attributable to increases in both inbound and domestic leisure travel. RevPAR in Asia Pacific was flat due to growth in countries and territories outside of China, driven by special events, offset by tougher year-over-year comparisons in China, as demand continues to steady.
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The table below provides a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2025 2024
(in millions)
Net income $ 300 $ 268
Interest expense 145 131
Income tax expense 110 97
Depreciation and amortization expenses 41 36
Gain on sales of assets, net
— (7)
Loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions
(2) 1
Loss on debt guarantees (1)
— 47
FF&E replacement reserves 13 11
Share-based compensation expense 36 41
Amortization of contract acquisition costs 14 12
Cost reimbursement revenues (2)
(1,630) (1,521)
Reimbursed expenses (2)
1,759 1,630
Other adjustments (3)
9 4
Adjusted EBITDA $ 795 $ 750
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(1) Amount includes losses on debt guarantees for certain hotels that we manage; refer to Note 12: "Commitments and Contingencies" in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2) Amounts include results from the operation of programs conducted for the benefit of property owners and exclude cash receipts recorded as deferred revenues on our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to these programs. Under the terms of the related contracts, we do not operate these programs to generate a profit and have contractual rights to adjust future collections to recover prior period expenditures.
(3) Amount for the three months ended March 31, 2025 includes restructuring costs related to one of our leased properties. Amount for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily relates to transaction costs incurred for acquisitions. Amounts for both periods include net losses (gains) related to certain of our investments in unconsolidated affiliates, severance and other items.
Revenues
Three Months Ended Percent
March 31, Change
2025 2024 2025 vs. 2024
(in millions)
Franchise and licensing fees $ 625 $ 571 9.5
Base and other management fees $ 88 $ 106 (17.0)
Incentive management fees 72 70 2.9
Total management fees $ 160 $ 176 (9.1)
The increase in franchise fees included the impact of an increase in RevPAR at our comparable franchised hotels. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, RevPAR at our comparable franchised hotels increased 1.5 percent, contributing to a currency neutral increase in franchise fees of $8 million, as a result of an increase in occupancy of 0.2 percentage points, and an increase in ADR of 1.2 percent. Further, franchise fees include a net increase of $12 million, as a result of net hotel additions, partially offset by a decrease of $3 million in termination fees.
Licensing fees increased $34 million as a result of an increase in fees from our strategic partnerships, primarily resulting from activity under our co-branded credit card arrangements and HGV. Increased fees from HGV resulted from increased timeshare revenues earned by HGV, inclusive of the impact of adding new timeshare properties to our system between the periods.
The decrease in management fees was largely attributable to a decrease of $20 million in termination fees received from hotels that exited our system, partially offset by an increase in RevPAR at our comparable managed hotels. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, RevPAR at our comparable managed hotels increased 5.2 percent, contributing to a currency neutral increase in management fees of $5 million, as a result of an increase in occupancy of 1.1 percentage points, and an increase in ADR of 3.5 percent.
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Three Months Ended Percent
March 31, Change
2025 2024 2025 vs. 2024
(in millions)
Ownership revenues
$ 234 $ 255 (8.2)
The $21 million decrease in ownership revenues included a currency neutral decrease of $16 million and a $5 million decrease resulting from unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Revenues from our non-comparable consolidated hotels within our ownership segment decreased $15 million, on a currency neutral basis, primarily due to hotels that exited our system or changed ownership types between the periods.
Three Months Ended Percent
March 31, Change
2025 2024 2025 vs. 2024
(in millions)
Other revenues $ 46 $ 50 (8.0)
The decrease in other revenues was primarily due to decreased procurement volume and associated vendor rebates for purchases made by properties outside of our system, partially offset by increased activity by properties within our system, that participate in our purchasing programs.
Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended Percent
March 31, Change
2025 2024 2025 vs. 2024
(in millions)
Ownership expenses
$ 239 $ 247 (3.2)
The $8 million decrease in ownership expenses included a decrease of $4 million on a currency neutral basis and a $4 million decrease resulting from favorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Expenses from our non-comparable consolidated hotels within our ownership segment decreased $6 million, on a currency neutral basis, primarily due to hotels that exited our system or changed ownership types between the periods, partially offset by increases in expenses for hotels undergoing renovations.
Three Months Ended Percent
March 31, Change
2025 2024 2025 vs. 2024
(in millions)
Depreciation and amortization expenses $ 41 $ 36 13.9
General and administrative expenses 94 104 (9.6)
Other expenses 26 30 (13.3)
The increase in depreciation and amortization expenses was primarily related to software placed in service between the periods.
The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a decrease in costs related to payroll and other compensation costs.
The decrease in other expenses was primarily due to decreased procurement volume from our purchasing operations with properties outside of our system.
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Non-operating Income and Expenses
Three Months Ended Percent
March 31, Change
2025 2024 2025 vs. 2024
(in millions)
Interest expense $ (145) $ (131) 10.7
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions
2 (1) NM (1)
Other non-operating income (loss), net
17 (36) NM (1)
Income tax expense
(110) (97) 13.4
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(1) Fluctuation in terms of percentage change is not meaningful.
In both March 2024 and in September 2024, we issued $1.0 billion Senior Notes (the "March 2024 Senior Notes issuance" and the "September 2024 Senior Notes issuance," respectively) for a total aggregate principal amount of $2.0 billion for the year.
The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to an increase of $30 million due to the March 2024 Senior Notes issuance and the September 2024 Senior Notes issuance. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in interest expense on the Term Loans of $11 million primarily as a result of decreases in one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") for the comparable periods.
The net gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are the result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, including on certain intercompany financing arrangements, such as short-term cross-currency intercompany loans, as well as transactions denominated in foreign currencies.
The net change in other non-operating income (loss), net was primarily driven by a decrease in losses on debt guarantees for certain hotels that Hilton manages. See Note 12: "Commitments and Contingencies" in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
The increase in income tax expense was primarily attributable to the increase in income before income taxes.
Segment Results
As of March 31, 2025, our management and franchise segment included 833 managed and 7,722 franchised and licensed properties, which included 105 timeshare and 449 strategic partner hotels, consisting of 1,266,586 total rooms, and our ownership segment included 47 hotels consisting of 15,606 total rooms. Refer to Note 11: "Business Segments" in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for reconciliations of revenues for our reportable segments to consolidated total revenues and of segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated income before income taxes.
Franchise and licensing fees and total management fees, including fees charged to our ownership segment and excluding amortization of contract acquisition costs, reflects our management and franchise segment revenues and segment Adjusted EBITDA. Our ownership segment Adjusted EBITDA reflects revenues from consolidated hotels within our ownership segment, less (i) ownership expenses, excluding FF&E replacement reserves expenses, share-based compensation expenses and certain other items, less (ii) fees charged by our management and franchise segment to our ownership segment, plus (iii) income (loss) from hotels owned or leased by entities in which we own a noncontrolling financial interest. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, refer to "—Revenues" for further discussion of the changes in our franchise and licensing fees and total management fees as well as for further discussion of the changes in revenues from our ownership segment. Refer to "—Operating Expenses" for further discussion of the changes in our ownership segment expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
As of March 31, 2025, we had total cash and cash equivalents of $807 million, including $76 million of restricted cash and cash equivalents. The majority of our restricted cash and cash equivalents is related to cash collateral and cash held for FF&E reserves.
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Our known short-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of funds necessary to pay for operating and other expenditures, including: (i) costs associated with the management and franchising of hotels; (ii) corporate expenses; (iii) payroll and compensation costs; (iv) taxes and compliance costs; (v) scheduled debt maturities and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness, including repayment of the May 2025 Senior Notes; (vi) lease payments under our finance and operating leases; (vii) costs, other than compensation and lease payments that are noted separately, associated with the operations of consolidated hotels within our ownership segment, including, but not limited to, utilities and operating supplies; (viii) committed contract acquisition costs; (ix) capital and maintenance expenditures for required renovations and maintenance at the consolidated hotels within our ownership segment; (x) corporate capital and information technology expenditures; (xi) dividends as declared; and (xii) share repurchases.
Our known long-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of funds necessary to pay for: (i) scheduled debt maturities and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness; (ii) lease payments under our finance and operating leases; (iii) committed contract acquisition costs; (iv) capital improvements to the consolidated hotels within our ownership segment; (v) corporate capital and information technology expenditures; (vi) dividends as declared; (vii) share repurchases; and (viii) commitments to owners in our management and franchise segment made in the normal course of business for which we are reimbursed by these owners through Hilton Honors and program fees to operate our Hilton Honors program, marketing, sales and brands programs and shared services.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we repurchased approximately 3.7 million shares of our common stock for $890 million. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $3.5 billion remained available for share repurchases under our stock repurchase program.
In circumstances where we have the opportunity to support our strategic objectives, we may provide guarantees or other commitments, as necessary, to owners of hotels that we currently or in the future will manage or franchise or other third parties. See Note 12: "Commitments and Contingencies" in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on our commitments that were outstanding as of March 31, 2025.
We have a long-term investment policy that is focused on the preservation of capital and maximizing the return on new and existing investments and returning available capital to stockholders through dividends and share repurchases. Within the framework of our investment policy, we intend to finance our business activities primarily with cash on our balance sheet as of March 31, 2025, cash generated from our operations and, as needed, the use of the available capacity of our Revolving Credit Facility. We have continued access to debt markets and expect to be able to obtain financing as a source of liquidity as required and to extend maturities of existing borrowings, if necessary. Additionally, we may from time to time pre-sell Hilton Honors points through strategic partnership arrangements as a source of liquidity.
After considering our approach to liquidity and our available sources of cash, we believe that our cash position and sources of liquidity will meet anticipated requirements for operating and other expenditures, including corporate expenses, payroll and other compensation costs, taxes and compliance costs, debt obligations and other commitments for the foreseeable future based on current conditions. The objectives of our cash management policy are maintaining the availability of liquidity and minimizing operational costs.
We may from time to time issue or incur or increase our capacity to incur new debt and/or purchase our outstanding debt through underwritten offerings, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Issuances or incurrence of new debt (or an increase in our capacity to incur new debt) and/or purchases or retirements of outstanding debt, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
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Sources and Uses of Our Cash and Cash Equivalents
The following table summarizes our net cash flows:
Three Months Ended Percent
March 31, Change
2025 2024 2025 vs. 2024
(in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 452 $ 346 30.6
Net cash used in investing activities (50) (27) 85.2
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (974) 238 NM (1)
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(1) Fluctuation in terms of percentage change is not meaningful.
Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities were primarily generated from management, franchise and licensing fee revenue. The increase in net cash inflows during the period included an increase in cash inflows generated from our management and franchise segment, discussed in "—Revenues," largely as a result of revenues from new hotels added, net of hotels removed and an increase in RevPAR at our comparable franchised hotels, partially offset by a decrease of $20 million in termination fees received from managed properties. Additionally, there was a decrease in a cash outflows of $62 million for debt guarantee payments that were made during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities primarily included cash flows related to: (i) capitalized software costs that were related to various systems initiatives for the benefit of both our hotel owners and our overall corporate operations, and (ii) capital expenditures for property and equipment related to corporate property and the renovation of certain hotels in our ownership segment. Additionally, our investing activities include the net cash inflows and outflows related to our undesignated derivative financial instruments that we have in place to hedge against the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on certain of our intercompany loan and cash balances, which were primarily the result of changes in the exchange rates for the Euro and Australian Dollar to the U.S. dollar for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
Financing Activities
The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to a $1.0 billion cash inflow from the March 2024 Senior Notes issuance during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in cash inflows also reflects a $209 million increase in cash outflows for share repurchases.
Debt and Borrowing Capacity
As of March 31, 2025, our total indebtedness, excluding the deduction for unamortized deferred financing costs and discount, was approximately $11.2 billion. No borrowings were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2025, which had an available borrowing capacity of $1,908 million after considering $92 million of outstanding letters of credit. For additional information on our total indebtedness and guarantees on our debt, refer to Note 5: "Debt" in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future to service our debt, we may be required to reduce capital expenditures or issue additional equity securities. We do not have any material indebtedness outstanding that matures prior to April 2027, other than the May 2025 Senior Notes due in May 2025. We believe that we have sufficient sources of liquidity and access to debt financing to address the repayment of the May 2025 Senior Notes, as well as all indebtedness that becomes due thereafter, at or prior to the respective maturity dates. In April 2025, we issued notice to borrow $500 million under the Revolving Credit Facility and plan to use the proceeds, together with available cash, to repay, at maturity, all $500 million in aggregate principal amount of the May 2025 Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Our ability to make scheduled principal payments and to pay interest on our debt depends on our future operating performance, which is subject to general conditions in or affecting the hospitality industry that may be beyond our control.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. We have discussed the estimates and assumptions that we believe are critical because they involve a higher degree of judgment in their application and are based on information that is inherently uncertain in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no material changes to those critical accounting estimates that were previously disclosed.