Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of December 31, 2024 . Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024 were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files, furnishes, submits or otherwise provides the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports filed by the Company under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, in such a manner as to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control and effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Additionally, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report that appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Crescent Homes
The Crescent Homes acquisition was completed on February 1, 2024, which is discussed in detail in Note 2, Acquisitions to the consolidated financial statements. Our evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures did not encompass that of Crescent Homes. This decision aligns with the general guidance from the SEC Staff, allowing the exclusion of an assessment of a recently acquired business from management’s scope for an internal controls audit for up to one year post-acquisition. Crescent Homes contributed approximately 11% to our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the total assets of the acquired business represented about 9% of total consolidated assets, mainly comprising inventory and goodwill. As of February 1, 2025, internal controls over significant processes have been implemented at Crescent Homes, which the Company considers appropriate and necessary given the integration level.
Jet HomeLoans
The Company acquired the remaining equity interest in Jet HomeLoans on July 1, 2024, which is discussed in detail in Note 2, Acquisitions to the consolidated financial statements. Our evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures did not encompass that of Jet HomeLoans. This decision aligns with the general guidance from the SEC Staff, allowing the exclusion of an assessment of a recently acquired business from management’s scope for an internal controls audit for up to one year post-acquisition. Jet HomeLoans contributed approximately 1% to our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the total assets of the acquired business represented about 10% of total consolidated assets, mainly comprising mortgage loans held for sale.
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With the completion of the Jet HomeLoans acquisition, the Company is in the process of implementing internal controls over significant processes at Jet HomeLoans, which the Company considers appropriate and necessary given the integration level. As the integration progresses, the Company will continuously evaluate Jet HomeLoans’ internal controls and processes, further integrating them with those of the Company within a year of the acquisition.
There have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2024.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans and Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
Directors and Executive Officers. Our directors and executive officers may purchase or sell shares of our common stock in the market from time to time, including pursuant to equity trading plans adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (“Rule 10b5-1”) and in compliance with guidelines specified by the Company . In accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and the Company’s insider trading policy (which is attached as Exhibit 19.1), directors, officers and certain employees who, at such time, are not in possession of material non-public information about the Company are permitted to enter into written plans that pre-establish amounts, prices and dates (or formula for determining the amounts, prices and dates) of future purchases or sales of the Company’s stock, including shares acquired pursuant to the Company’s equity plans (“Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans”). Under a Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or executive officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them.
Insider Adoption, Modification or Termination of Trading Arrangements
During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, neither the Company nor any director or officer of the Company adopted , modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as the terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.
Not applicable.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information called for by Item 10, to the extent not set forth in “Business—Executive Officers” in Item 1, will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. (the “2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders”) pursuant to SEC Regulation 14A. Such definitive proxy statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors and the portions thereof called for by Item 10 are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to Instruction G to Form 10-K.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
All of our employees, officers and directors, including those responsible for financial reporting, operate under a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. All employees are required, upon their initial employment with the Company and annually thereafter, to affirm in writing their receipt and review of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and their compliance with its provisions. Additionally, the Corporate Governance Guidelines prohibit directors and executive officers from entering into any form of hedging or other monetization transaction involving shares of our common stock.
The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics was adopted in January 2021 and can be accessed under the “Investor Relations—Governance” link on our website at www.dreamfindershomes.com. We intend to satisfy any disclosure requirements pursuant to Item 5.05 of Form 8-K and the NYSE rules regarding any amendment to, or waiver from, certain provisions of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our website.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information called for by Item 11 will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to SEC Regulation 14A. Such definitive proxy statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors and the portions thereof called for by Item 11 are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to Instruction G to Form 10-K.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information called for by Item 12 will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to SEC Regulation 14A. Such definitive proxy statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors and the portions thereof called for by Item 12 are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to Instruction G to Form 10-K.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information called for by Item 13 will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to SEC Regulation 14A. Such definitive proxy statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors and the portions thereof called for by Item 13 are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to Instruction G to Form 10-K.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information called for by Item 14 will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to SEC Regulation 14A. Such definitive proxy statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors and the portions thereof called for by Item 14 are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to Instruction G to Form 10-K.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(1) The following consolidated financial statements as set forth in Item 8 of this report are filed herein.
Dream Finders Homes, Inc.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
All schedules are omitted because the required information is not applicable, not material, or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits.
The exhibits filed or furnished as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in the Index to Exhibits, which Index includes the management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K by Item 601(b)(10)(iii) of Regulation S-K and is incorporated in this Item by reference.
Exhibit No. Description
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 25, 2021).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 25, 2021).
3.3
Certificate of Designations of Dream Finders Homes, Inc., dated September 29, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on October 5, 2021).
4.1
Description of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (incorporated by reference hereto Exhibit 4.1 to Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2022).
4.2
Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 25, 2021, by and among Dream Finders Homes, Inc. and certain stockholders party thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 25, 2021).
4.3
Indenture, dated as of August 22, 2023, by and among the Company, the Guarantors and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on August 22, 2023).
10.1+
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2022, among Dream Finders Homes, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and issuing bank, and the lenders named therein as parties thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on June 8, 2022).
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10.1.1+
Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 19, 2023, among Dream Finders Homes, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and issuing bank, and the lenders named therein as parties thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on November 2, 2023).
10.1.2+
Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 19, 2023, among Dream Finders Homes, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and issuing bank, and the lenders named therein as parties thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on November 2, 2023).
10.1.3+
Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 6, 2024, among Dream Finders Homes, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, and issuing ban, and the lenders named therein as parties there to (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed on June 11, 2024)
10.2†
Dream Finders Homes, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 25, 2021).
10.3†
Form of Restricted Stock Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Agreement under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-251612) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 11, 2021).
10.4†
Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-251612) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 14, 2021).
10.5†
Form of Director and Employee Indemnification Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-251612) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 11, 2021).
10.6†
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, effective as of November 1, 2023, by and between Dream Finders Homes, Inc. and Patrick Zalupski (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on November 2, 2023).
10.7†
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, effective as of November 1, 2023, by and between Dream Finders Homes, Inc. and L. Anabel Ramsay (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on November 2, 2023).
10.8†
Form of Restricted Stock Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Agreement, by and between Dream Finders Homes, Inc. and Patrick Zalupski (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-251612) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on January 14, 2021).
10.9
Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 29, 2021, by and among Dream Finders Homes, Inc. and the Purchasers listed thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on October 5, 2021).
10.10
Subscription Agreement, dated September 8, 2021, by and between Dream Finders Homes, Inc. and the Purchasers listed thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on September 13, 2021).
19.1*
Dream Finders Homes, Inc. Insider Trading Policy
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21.1*
List of Subsidiaries of Dream Finders Homes, Inc.
23.1*
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1*
CEO Certification, Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
CFO Certification, Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1
Dream Finders Homes, Inc. Compensation Recovery Policy (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-39916) of Dream Finders Homes, Inc. filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024).
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* Filed or furnished herewith.
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-K.
+ Certain schedules and similar attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules upon request by the SEC.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dream Finders Homes, Inc.
Date: February 25, 2025 /s/ Patrick O. Zalupski
Patrick O. Zalupski
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
/s/ Patrick O. Zalupski President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors February 25, 2025
Patrick O. Zalupski (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ L. Anabel Ramsay
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer February 25, 2025
L. Anabel Ramsay
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ W. Radford Lovett II Director February 25, 2025
W. Radford Lovett II
/s/ Justin W. Udelhofen Director February 25, 2025
Justin W. Udelhofen
/s/ Megha H. Parekh Director February 25, 2025
Megha H. Parekh
/s/ Leonard M. Sturm Director February 25, 2025
Leonard M. Sturm
/s/ William W. Weatherford Director February 25, 2025
William W. Weatherford
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