Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the value or yield of fixed-income investments may decline if interest rates change. Fluctuations in interest rates may impact the level of income and expense recorded on the cash equivalents and short-term investments, and the market value of all interest-earning assets, other than those which possess a short-term to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had interest income, net of $22.5 million and $9.1 million, respectively. A 10% change in the interest rate in effect on December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, would not have a material effect on (i) fair value of the cash equivalents and short-term investments as the majority of the portfolio has a maturity date of three months or less, or (ii) interest income, net. Management continues to monitor external interest rates and revise our investment strategy as a result.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, our average variable interest rate increased by approximately 3.5%. During the year ended December 31, 2021, our average variable interest rate did not materially change.
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Foreign currency risk
Our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of the annual report are expressed in U.S. dollars. In addition, we have net assets, liabilities, and revenues denominated in foreign currencies, including Canadian dollars and Israeli new shekels. As a result, we are exposed to foreign currency translation gains and losses. Revenue and expenses of all foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the foreign currency exchange rates that approximate the rates in effect during the period when such items are recognized. Appreciating foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar will adversely impact operating income and net earnings, while depreciating foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar will have a positive impact.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had foreign currency gain (loss) on translation of $(50.6) million and $8.2 million, respectively. A 10% change in the exchange rates for the Canadian dollar would affect the carrying amount of the net assets by approximately $77.4 million and $87.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The corresponding impact would be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. We have not historically engaged in hedging transactions and do not currently contemplate engaging in hedging transactions to mitigate foreign exchange risks. As we continue to recognize gains and losses in foreign currency transactions, depending upon changes in future currency rates, such gains and losses could have a significant, and potentially adverse, effect on our results of operations.
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