What changed in this filing

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Item 1. Business

2026-02-18 compared with 2025-02-26 · 159 added, 177 removed, 113 unchanged (75% of the section changed)

CRH is a leading provider of building materials that build, connect and improve our world.

In 2024, the Company generated $35.6 billion of revenues, $3.5 billion of net income and $6.9 billion of Adjusted EBITDA*.

1 Since formation in 1970, CRH has evolved from being a supplier of base materials to solving complex construction challenges for our customers.

CRH’s differentiated solutions strategy uniquely integrates materials, products and services across the construction value chain, better serving our customers’ needs and driving repeat business while making construction simpler, safer and more sustainable.

The Company integrates essential materials (aggregates and cement), value-added building products as well as construction services, to provide our customers with complete connected solutions.

CRH’s capabilities, innovation and technical expertise enable it to be a valuable partner for transportation and critical infrastructure projects, complex non-residential construction and outdoor living solutions.

CRH’s business addresses the needs of customers across infrastructure, non-residential and residential construction markets.

In 2024, approximately 35% of revenues came from infrastructure (such as highways, streets, roads and bridges), 30% from non-residential construction (including construction and maintenance of critical water, energy and telecommunications projects, in addition to manufacturing, commercial, warehouse and data center facilities) and 35% from residential construction.

Approximately 60% of revenues came from sales to new-build construction, while 40% of revenues came from repair and remodel activity.

Operating in 28 countries, the Company has market leadership positions in North America, Europe and Australia.

In 2024, approximately 72% of net income and 74% of Adjusted EBITDA* was generated in North America.

The United States is expected to be a key driver of future growth for CRH due to continued economic expansion, a growing population and significant public investment in construction.

In 2024, approximately 28% of net income and 26% of Adjusted EBITDA* was generated by our International Division.

Our International businesses, which benefit from strong economic and construction growth prospects as well as recurring repair and remodel demand, are an important strategic part of the Company.

CRH intends to continue to expand its North American and International operations given significant government support for infrastructure and increasing demand for customer-connected solutions in major infrastructure and commercial projects.

CRH has a proven track record in value creation through acquisition which over the last decade has accounted for approximately 60% of the Company’s growth.

We achieve this by acquiring businesses at attractive valuations and creating value by integrating them with our existing operations and generating synergies.

CRH is the leading provider of building materials critical to modernizing infrastructure.

With our team of 83,032 people across 3,961 locations, our unmatched scale, connected portfolio, and deep local relationships make us the partner of choice for transportation, water and reindustrialization projects, shaping communities for a better tomorrow.

The Company, which has market leadership positions in North America, Europe and Australia, has grown rapidly since formation in 1970 and in 2025 generated $37.4 billion of Total revenues, $3.8 billion of Net income and $7.7 billion of Adjusted EBITDA*.

In 2025, 40% of Total revenues came from infrastructure, 32% from residential construction and 28% from non-residential construction.

60% of Total revenues came from sales to new-build construction, while 40% of Total revenues came from repair and remodel activity.

CRH’s connected portfolio supplies building materials across the construction value chain, better serving our customers’ needs and driving repeat business while making construction simpler, safer and more sustainable.

This customer-centric approach combines our unique entrepreneurial culture, leading performance and local market knowledge with our value-added building products and services to be a valuable partner for customers across our end-markets.

CRH’s leading positions of scale serve transportation and critical infrastructure, reindustrialization projects and commercial and residential construction activity.

CRH has a proven track record of growing and creating value through acquisition with over 1,250 deals completed in our history.

We acquire businesses at attractive valuations and create value by connecting them with our existing operations and generating synergies.

The Company takes an active approach to portfolio management and continuously reviews the competitive landscape for attractive investment and divestiture opportunities to deliver further growth and value creation for shareholders.

In 2025, CRH completed 38 acquisitions for a total consideration of $4.1 billion compared with $5.0 billion in 2024.

The largest acquisition in 2024 was in our Americas Materials Solutions segment where the Company completed the acquisition of a portfolio of cement and readymixed concrete operations and assets in Texas.

The Company also completed the acquisition of a majority stake (57%) in the Australian building materials business Adbri Ltd (Adbri) within our International Solutions segment.

The largest acquisition in 2025 was in our Americas Materials Solutions segment where the Company completed the acquisition of Eco Material Technologies (Eco Material), North America’s leading supplier of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs).

CRH has a primary listing on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and an international secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) for its Ordinary Shares, each listing represented by the ticker symbol “CRH”.

References to the 'Ordinary Shares' and 'Common Shares' refer to our ordinary shares of €0.32 each.

Effective as of January 1, 2025, CRH is a U.S.

domestic issuer.

Customer-Connected Solutions

CRH’s strategy integrates building materials, products and services by providing them to customers as complete solutions that solve complex challenges across the built environment .

Our Connected Portfolio

CRH’s connected portfolio of value-added building materials, products and services serves transportation and critical infrastructure construction (including highways, bridges, rail, water, energy and telecommunications projects), reindustrialization activity (including manufacturing and data center projects) and commercial and residential markets across North America, Europe and Australia.

Essential Materials

Essential Materials, consisting of aggregates and cement, are the foundation of CRH’s strategy.

Our vertically integrated businesses manufacture and supply these materials for use extensively in a wide range of construction applications, ranging from major road and infrastructure projects to the development and refurbishment of commercial buildings, private residences, public spaces and communities.

Our deep materials and market knowledge, along with our extensive network of locations and assets, drive our performance and helps us deliver value to our customers.

Essential Materials, consisting of aggregates and cementitious materials, are the foundation of CRH’s connected portfolio.

Our businesses manufacture and supply these materials for use extensively in a wide range of construction applications, from major road and infrastructure projects to large-scale reindustrialization facilities and the development and refurbishment of commercial buildings, private residences and public spaces.

Our focus on continuous business improvement, deep materials and local market knowledge and our extensive network of locations drives performance and helps us deliver value to our customers.

Customers typically range from national, regional and local governments to contractors and other construction product and service providers.

Road Solutions

CRH is a leading provider of solutions for sustainable road construction in North America and Europe.

With our capabilities in manufacturing, installation, maintenance and circularity, we deliver a range of innovative solutions for our customers to better connect our communities, from major public highway infrastructure projects to residential roads, airports and parking lots.

CRH is a leading provider of materials, products and services for road construction in North America and Europe.

With our capabilities in manufacturing, installation, maintenance and circularity, we deliver a range of innovative products and services for our customers to better connect our communities, from major public highway infrastructure projects to residential roads, airports and parking lots.

As responsible operators considerate of our environmental impact, we optimize the use of recycled materials in our paving services, thereby reducing waste, emissions and energy consumption.

Fully integrated with our Essential Materials businesses, we have developed our Road Solutions offering to provide customers with quality, flexibility, speed, expertise and convenience through our deep market knowledge and highly capable team of professionals.

Together with our Essential Materials businesses, we have developed our roads offering to provide customers with quality, flexibility, speed, expertise and convenience through our deep market knowledge and highly capable team of professionals.

Building and Infrastructure Solutions

Our Building & Infrastructure Solutions connect, protect and transport critical water, energy and telecommunications infrastructure to help solve complex construction challenges.

We integrate design, materials, products and engineering to enable the transition to a more sustainable and resilient built environment.

Our products have a particular focus on the below-ground built environment where we are a leading provider of multi-material infrastructure that connects and protects the critical projects that enhance the daily lives of millions of people.

Our Building & Infrastructure Solutions connect and protect critical infrastructure to help solve complex construction challenges for transportation, water, energy, telecommunications and reindustrialization projects.

Working closely with our Essential Materials and Roads businesses, we provide materials, products and engineering services to enable the transition to a more durable built environment.

With a particular focus on below-ground construction, we are a leading provider of multi-material products that renew and protect the critical infrastructure that enhances the daily lives of millions of people.

Outdoor Living Solutions

CRH’s Outdoor Living businesses integrate specialized materials, products and design features to enhance the quality of private and public spaces.

We help our customers in residential and commercial markets create unique outdoor settings by providing products for repair, remodel and new construction projects.

Outdoor Living is closely linked to our Essential Materials businesses and to our customers through a wide geographic network providing a comprehensive suite of products including hardscapes, masonry, fencing, railing and packaged lawn and garden products.

We place a strong focus on anticipating the needs of customers by continually enhancing our offering through innovation and technology, portfolio expansion and multifaceted collaboration.

* Represents a non-GAAP measure.

See the discussion within 'Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Supplementary Information' on pages 40 to 42.

See “Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Supplementary Information” on pages 35 to 38 for a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

CRH FORM 10-K

Outdoor Living Solutions

CRH’s Outdoor Living Solutions integrate specialized materials, products and design features to enhance the quality of private and public spaces.

We help our customers in residential and commercial markets create unique outdoor settings by providing solutions for repair, remodel and new construction projects.

Our business is closely connected to our customers through a broad geographic network as well as a comprehensive suite of products and services spanning hardscapes, masonry, fencing, railing, packaged lawn and garden products, pool finishes and composite decking.

We place a strong focus on anticipating the needs of our customers and constantly strive to exceed their expectations.

We do this by continually enhancing our offering through innovation, portfolio expansion and multifaceted collaboration.

Innovation and Sustainability

We are accelerating investment in innovation to develop a higher-performing and more sustainable built environment.

Through our $250 million Venturing and Innovation Fund we are supporting the development of new technologies and innovative solutions to meet the increasingly complex needs of customers and evolving trends in construction.

Our CRH Ventures platform partners with and invests strategically in construction and climate technology start-ups across the entire construction value chain, to pilot and scale cutting-edge and innovative technologies.

Our ability to replicate and scale our innovation and technical expertise between geographies provides us with opportunities for further growth.

Through our Innovation Center for Sustainable Construction (iCSC), we have a global network of experts across our businesses collaborating in the research, development and replication of innovative solutions.

Sustainability is deeply embedded in all aspects of our business and sustainability leadership is a key pillar of CRH’s purpose.

CRH’s building materials solutions play an important role in shaping a more sustainable built environment and, in 2024, revenues from products with enhanced sustainability attributes 1 was $14.6 billion, an increase of 5% compared with 2023 and an increase of 16% compared with 2022.

Our sustainability framework identifies three global challenges for society and the built environment:

water, circularity and decarbonization.

Our strategy focuses on transforming essential materials into value-added and innovative solutions to address these global challenges.

By uniquely integrating our materials, products and services, we are positioned to capture further value and accelerate growth across CRH.

We are advancing solutions to address global water challenges by enhancing flood resilience and improving water management.

This includes upgrading water infrastructure, improving wastewater treatment, recharging groundwater and conserving water across the supply chain.

• Circularity:

We are reimagining the way materials are used to enable a more circular economy.

Our efforts include preserving natural resources, recycling and reusing construction and waste materials, facilitating resource-efficient buildings and infrastructure and building more circular supply chains.

• Decarbonization:

We are developing innovative solutions to support a low-carbon future.

Our goals include reducing our absolute carbon emissions, minimizing operational carbon from our products and creating energy-efficient solutions to facilitate a clean energy transition.

In 2024, we continued to enhance our capabilities to meet these challenges through investment in innovative technologies.

Two recent examples include our investment in FIDO AI, supporting the development of artificial intelligence leak detection software to accelerate our water infrastructure solutions in North America, as well as our strategic investment partnership with Sublime Systems, a U.S.-based company operating in the field of sustainable cement production.

Through these efforts, we continue to develop and deliver innovative, climate-resilient solutions for our customers.

By continuing to meet the changing needs of our customers and society, we aim to drive further growth and value creation.

In addition, we are striving to create a positive impact on the natural world, helping our people and communities to thrive.

We stand out as a responsible business by collaborating to ensure a more sustainable supply chain and embedding responsible conduct at each level throughout our organization.

Business Segment Information

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company’s segments changed to three segments across two divisions.

Refer to Note 20 “Segment information” in Item 8.

“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional information.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, CRH was organized through three segments across two Divisions.

Americas Division

CRH’s Americas Division comprises two segments:

CRH’s Americas Division is comprised of two segments:

Americas Materials Solutions and Americas Building Solutions.

The North American market’s positive fundamentals, including strong population growth and significant public investment in construction, is driving demand for CRH’s connected portfolio of materials, products and services.

Over several decades, CRH has established difficult to replicate, leading positions of scale across the United States and Canada.

The Division employs approximately 47,400 people at 2,008 locations across 48 states of the United States and seven Canadian provinces.

The North American market’s positive fundamentals, including significant public investment in infrastructure and private investment in reindustrialization activity, is driving demand for CRH’s connected portfolio of materials, products and services.

Over several decades, CRH has established difficult to replicate, leading positions of scale across North America and employs 49,828 people at 2,127 locations across 48 U.S.

states and seven Canadian provinces.

Americas Materials Solutions

Americas Materials Solutions provides building materials for the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings in North America.

The primary materials produced by this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete and asphalt.

Americas Materials Solutions manufactures and supplies building materials for the construction and maintenance of public and private infrastructure, commercial and industrial applications, and residential buildings in North America.

The primary materials produced by this segment include aggregates, cementitious materials, readymixed concrete and asphalt.

This segment also provides paving and construction services for customers.

In 2024, this segment accounted for approximately 45% of CRH’s total revenues and 54% of Adjusted EBITDA.

Approximately 50% of segment revenues came from infrastructure, 30% from non-residential construction and 20% from residential construction.

New-build construction accounts for approximately 60% of segment revenues while the remaining 40% came from repair and remodel activity.

The Americas Materials Solutions segment leverages our benefits of scale, strong market knowledge, deep industry expertise and extensive array of essential materials to implement CRH’s strategy, offering value-added solutions which combine different types of materials, products and services to satisfy multiple customer needs.

In turn, this enables CRH to provide a value-enhancing, differentiated experience, saving time and reducing logistical challenges for customers.

Through this customer-connected approach CRH aims to reduce lead times and complexity, deepening relationships, driving repeat business and increasing the share of customer wallet spent on CRH products and services.

Vertical integration is a defining characteristic within this segment, enabling us to optimize production throughout the supply chain and to capture greater value.

In 2025, this segment accounted for 45% of CRH’s Total revenues and 52% of Adjusted EBITDA.

The Americas Materials Solutions segment leverages our benefits of scale, deep industry expertise, strong local brands and an extensive array of essential materials to implement CRH’s strategy, offering high-quality materials, products and services to satisfy multiple customer needs.

In turn, this enables CRH to provide a value-enhancing, differentiated service, saving time and reducing logistical challenges for our customers.

Through this customer-centric approach CRH aims to reduce lead times and complexity, deepening relationships, driving repeat business and increasing the share of customer wallet spent on CRH products and services.

Our unmatched scale and connected portfolio are defining characteristics of this segment, enabling us to optimize production throughout the supply chain and to capture greater value.

In order to support its operations, the Company has established a network of long-term reserves at quarry locations, predominantly adjacent to urban areas where demand for its materials and products is strongest.

1 Revenues from products with enhanced sustainability attributes is defined as revenues derived from those products that incorporate any, or a combination of:

recycled materials;

are produced using alternative energy and fuel sources;

have a lower carbon footprint as compared to those products using traditional manufacturing processes;

and are designed to specifically benefit the environment.

CRH Form 10-K 7

Americas Building Solutions

Americas Building Solutions manufactures, supplies and delivers high-quality, value-added, innovative solutions for the built environment in communities across North America.

Americas Building Solutions manufactures and supplies high-quality, value-added innovative products that connect and protect critical infrastructure in communities across North America.

Products in this segment are highly specified, designed and engineered thereby adding value for the customer.

This segment serves complex critical infrastructure (such as water, energy, transportation and telecommunications projects) and outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces.

In 2024, Americas Building Solutions accounted for approximately 20% of CRH’s total revenues and 20% of Adjusted EBITDA .

Approximately 65% of segment revenues came from sales to residential, 25% to non-residential and 10% to infrastructure markets.

Repair and remodel activity accounted for approximately 60% of segment revenues, with the remaining 40% from new-build construction.

This segment analyzes market trends, including increasing urbanization, demand for more sustainable construction and evolving customer preferences to devise high-quality, effective building product solutions.

CRH’s ability to provide solutions which are tailored to the specific requirements of individual customer projects helps to drive competitive advantage and deliver sustainable growth in this segment.

This segment serves large-scale infrastructure construction (including transportation, water, energy and telecommunications projects), reindustrialization activity (including manufacturing and data center projects) and provides outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces.

In 2025, Americas Building Solutions accounted for 19% of CRH’s Total revenues and 19% of Adjusted EBITDA .

This segment capitalizes on secular market trends, including the urgent need to upgrade transportation and water infrastructure, the increased investment in reindustrialization activity and the growing demand for more sustainable construction to provide high-quality durable building products.

CRH’s ability to provide products which are tailored to the specific requirements of individual customer projects helps to drive competitive advantage and deliver sustainable growth in this segment.

International Division

CRH’s International Division, which comprises one segment, International Solutions, is a leading provider of integrated building solutions primarily across Europe and Australia.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the former Europe Materials Solutions and Europe Building Solutions segments were combined into this International Solutions segment reflecting how the business is managed.

In Eastern Europe and Australia we see higher-growth potential through strong economic activity, while in Western Europe, CRH’s businesses operate in attractive markets backed by significant public infrastructure spending and region- wide programs that support construction activity.

In these regions, CRH is experiencing increasing demand for its customer-connected solutions offering.

The Division employs approximately 32,400 people at 1,808 locations across 27 countries .

CRH’s International Division, which is comprised of one segment, International Solutions, is a leading provider of building materials across Europe and Australia.

In Eastern Europe and Australia we see high-growth potential through strong economic activity, while in Western Europe, CRH’s businesses operate in attractive markets backed by sign ificant public infrastructure spending and region-wide initiatives that promote increased construction activity.

In these regions, CRH is experiencing increasing demand for its materials and product offering.

The International Division employs 33,204 people at 1,834 locations across 27 countries.

International Solutions

International Solutions integrates building materials, products and services for the construction and renovation of public infrastructure, critical networks, commercial and residential buildings, and outdoor living spaces.

International Solutions integrates building materials, products and services for the construction and renovation of transportation infrastructure, critical utility networks, commercial and residential buildings, and outdoor living spaces.

CRH has established itself as a leader in its markets, enabling strong value creation through commercial excellence and performance improvement initiatives, while serving growing demand across the construction value chain for innovative and value-added products and services.

In 2024, this segment accounted for approximately 35% of CRH’s total revenues and 26% of Adju sted EBITDA.

Approximately 35% of segment revenues came from infrastructure, 35% from residential construction, and 30% from non-residential construction.

New-build construction accounted for approximately 70% of segment revenues, with the remaining 30% from repair and remodel activity.

In 2025, this segment accounted for 36% of CRH’s Total revenues and 29% of Adju sted EBITDA.

Materials and Products

3 unchanged sentences

Typically, aggregates are used in road and rail infrastructure, building foundations and in the production of products including concrete and asphalt.

Annualized aggregates sales volumes 2 in 2024 for the Americas Division and International Division were 229.8 million tons and 143.1 million tons, respectively.

Annualized aggregates sales volumes 1 in 2025 were 380.7 million tons of which the Americas Division and International Division were 231.1 million tons and 149.6 million tons, respectively.

Cementitious Materials

Cement is produced from limestone reserves and is the primary binding agent in the production of concrete products, including readymixed concrete and mortars, which are used extensively throughout the built environment.

Annualized cement sales volumes 2 in 2024 for the Americas Division and International Division were 13.9 million tons and 35.7 million tons, respectively.

Cementitious Materials also include fly ash, pozzolans, synthetic gypsum, calcined clay and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) used to enhance the performance and sustainability of concrete.

Annualized cementitious material sales volumes 1 in 2025 were 59.0 million tons of which the Americas Division and International Division were 23.9 million tons and 35.1 million tons, respectively.

1 Annualized sales volumes reflect the full-year impact of acquisitions and divestitures during the year and may vary from actual volumes sold.

This includes volumes which are used internally

aggregates supplied internally for cement production).

CRH FORM 10-K

Concrete is a highly versatile building material, comprised of aggregates bound together with cement and water.

1 unchanged sentence

It forms the foundations of buildings and homes, roads, tunnels and bridges, water management systems and clean energy structures.

While readymixed concrete is supplied to customers for on-site casting, CRH’s infrastructural concrete businesses produce and supply precast and pre-stressed concrete products such as floor and wall elements, beams and vaults, pipes and manholes.

These products are delivered to, and assembled at, construction sites where they are used throughout the modern built environment.

Annualized readymixed concrete sales volumes 2 in 2024 for the Americas Division and International Division were 17.4 million cubic yards and 21.1 million cubic yards, respectively.

These products are delivered to, and assembled at, construction sites where they are used throughout the built environment.

Annualized readymixed concrete sales volumes 2 in 2025 were 39.5 million cubic yards of which the Americas Division and International Division were 16.7 million cubic yards and 22.8 million cubic yards, respectively.

Asphalt consists of aggregates bound together with bitumen and is widely used as a surface material in roads, bridges, airport runways, sidewalks and other amenities.

2 unchanged sentences

Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) are used extensively by CRH businesses to produce new asphalt products for road and other surfaces.

Annualized asphalt sales volumes 2 in 2024 for the Americas Division and International Division were 52.2 million tons and 10.0 million tons, respectively.

Annualized asphalt sales volumes 2 in 2025 were 62.8 million tons of which the Americas Division and International Division were 52.9 million tons and 9.9 million tons, respectively.

Building Products

CRH’s strategy of vertical integration utilizes our essential materials to produce a range of value-added building products and solutions.

These include the manufacturing of concrete and polymer-based products such as underground vaults, drainage systems, enclosures and modular precast structures which are typically supplied to the water, energy, telecommunications and railroad markets.

CRH also provides a range of engineered steel and polymer-based anchoring, fixing and connecting solutions for a variety of new-build construction applications.

2 Annualized sales volumes reflect the full-year impact of acquisitions and divestitures during the year and may vary from actual volumes sold.

This includes volumes which are used internally (e.g.

aggregates supplied internally for cement production).

CRH Form 10-K 8

Further, CRH manufactures a variety of concrete masonry, hardscape and related products including pavers, blocks and curbs, retaining walls and slabs.

CRH also produces fencing and railing systems, composite decking, lawn and garden products and packaged concrete mixes.

CRH’s connected portfolio utilizes our essential materials to produce a range of value-added building products.

These include the manufacturing of concrete and polymer-based products such as underground vaults, drainage systems, enclosures and modular precast structures.

These are typically supplied to the transportation, water, energy and telecommunications markets, in addition to complex reindustrialization projects.

CRH also manufactures a variety of concrete masonry, hardscape and related products including pavers, blocks and curbs, retaining walls and slabs.

Further CRH produces fencing and railing systems, lawn and garden products and packaged concrete mixes.

These products are supplied to residential, commercial and do-it-yourself (DIY) construction markets.

Key Trends and Opportunities

Key trends affecting the development of CRH's businesses include:

• Population growth and urbanization driving increasing demand for construction;

• Economic development and further investment in infrastructure, commercial and residential projects;

• Recurring need to repair, maintain and upgrade the built environment as existing buildings and infrastructure age and wear.

In addition, there are several industry-specific trends that are shaping how CRH evolves to meet the needs of its customers:

• Unprecedented levels of funding support for critical infrastructure and the onshoring of manufacturing activity;

• An evolving regulatory landscape driving increasing customer demand for innovative, connected solutions to deliver a more resilient and sustainable built environment;

Industry-specific megatrends that are shaping how CRH evolves to meet the needs of its customers include:

• Increased levels of funding support for transportation infrastructure such as roads, bridges, tunnels, airports and rail networks;

• Growing reindustrialization activity in North America, Europe and Australia driving construction in areas such as manufacturing and data centers;

• The continued need to upgrade and modernize aging critical infrastructure such as water, energy and telecommunications systems;

• A changing regulatory landscape supporting demand for innovative products for a more resilient and sustainable built environment;

• Supply-side dynamics, such as labor constraints, driving increasing investment in automation, technology and digital solutions.

In addition, broader key trends affecting the development of CRH's businesses include:

• Population growth and urbanization driving increasing demand for construction and building materials;

• Economic development and further investment in infrastructure, non-residential and residential projects;

• The recurring need to maintain, repair and upgrade the built environment as buildings and civil infrastructure age and wear.

Innovation and Sustainability

Investing in technology and innovation across our operations enables CRH to develop higher performing businesses and better serve our customers' needs.

Our locally-led, globally-enabled approach and our leading performance model enable us to innovate across diverse geographies and markets, where it matters most for our customers.

Our customer-centric approach to innovation harnesses the strength of our internal research and development capabilities with the power of external partnerships and ventures across our connected growth platforms.

We have a network of experts across our businesses collaborating in the research and development of innovative solutions.

Our ability to replicate and scale our innovation and technical expertise between our Americas’ and International businesses gives us further opportunities for growth.

CRH Ventures, our venture capital arm, works in partnership with start-ups, industry players, and academic institutions to pilot and scale cutting-edge technologies and accelerate progress towards a more resilient built environment.

Sustainability is embedded in our strategy and is an important enabler of our leading performance model.

Our sustainability framework identifies three areas:

water, circularity, and decarbonization where CRH’s connected portfolio of essential materials, infrastructure products, and value-added services positions us to capture further value and accelerate growth.

addressing the urgent need to modernize and expand water infrastructure through engineered solutions and management systems for water-resilient communities.

• Circularity:

reimagining the way materials are used, including recycling and reusing construction and waste materials to create value, protect our asset base and extend the life of our reserves.

• Decarbonization:

developing innovative solutions that support the construction of resilient, lower-carbon buildings and infrastructure.

CRH continues to enhance its capabilities to develop a higher-performing and more sustainable built environment through investment in innovative technologies.

The acquisition of Eco Material, a leader in SCMs, positions CRH at the forefront of next-generation cement and concrete.

Our strategic investment in VODA.ai expands our capabilities in water asset management with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technology.

This platform helps utilities manage aging water infrastructure by providing AI-driven predictive analytics to assess pipe condition and risk across transmission, distribution, and collection systems.

We continue to build on our strong sustainability foundations:

embedding responsible business conduct across our operations, protecting the natural world, and helping our people and communities to thrive.

2 Annualized sales volumes reflect the full-year impact of acquisitions and divestitures during the year and may vary from actual volumes sold.

This includes volumes which are used internally

aggregates supplied internally for cement production).

CRH FORM 10-K

Environmental and Governmental

Our operations in the United States are subject to federal, state and local laws, while our European operations are subject to national environmental laws and regulations stemming primarily from European Union (EU) directives and regulations.

Our operations in the United States are subject to federal, state and local laws, while our European operations are subject to local, national and European Union (EU) laws and regulations.

Our operations elsewhere are typically subject to both national and local regulatory requirements.

8 unchanged sentences

We generally own or lease the real estate on which our main raw materials, aggregates and other minerals are located.

As part of our vertically integrated business model, we have established an extensive global network of extractive sites comprised of 1,296 properties, of which 246,058 acres of land are owned and 129,818 acres are leased.

These extractive sites provide us with the raw materials to manufacture various primary building materials, such as aggregates, cement, asphalt, readymixed concrete and concrete products.

As part of our business model, we have established an extensive global network of extractive sites comprised of 1,334 properties, of which 252,791 acres of land are owned and 128,651 acres are leased.

These extractive sites provide us with the raw materials to manufacture various primary building materials, such as aggregates, cementitious materials, asphalt, readymixed concrete and concrete products.

We offer these products directly for sale and integrate them into our downstream products and services.

Materials produced by our aggregates and cement businesses, for example, can be supplied to our downstream businesses for use in our Road Solutions, Building & Infrastructure Solutions and Outdoor Living Solutions businesses.

Materials produced by our aggregates and cementitious materials businesses, for example, can be supplied to our downstream businesses for use in o ur Road Solutions, Building & Infrastructure Solutions and Outdoor Living Solutions businesses.

Our operations are typically required to comply with government land use plans and zoning requirements.

We are required by government authorities to obtain permits to operate certain workplaces, such as quarries, mines, production and distribution facilities, including water rights required to operate many of our sites.

The terms and general availability of government permits required to conduct our business influence the scope of our operations on the respective sites.

We are required by government authorities to obtain operating permits and resource rights, such as water rights, to conduct certain operations, such as quarries, mines, production and distribution facilities.

The terms and general availability of government permits required to conduct our business influence the scope of our operations at the respective sites.

We are also required to obtain permits and adhere to applicable restrictions, often including establishing appropriate environmental management systems, to minimize the risk that necessary permits are revoked, modified or not renewed.

4 unchanged sentences

The Clean Air Act in the United States and similar laws elsewhere require that certain of our facilities, including our cement plants, obtain and maintain air emissions permits that subject them to pollution control requirements and require pre-approval for constructing certain facilities.

In addition, the Clean Water Act in the United States and similar laws elsewhere require certain of our facilities to maintain permits limiting pollutants discharged into receiving waters and to implement technological controls to manage the discharge of stormwater and wastewater from those operations.

CRH is also required to comply with laws designed to promote biodiversity and protect ecosystems.

From time to time, CRH may be required to install additional equipment or technologies to remain in compliance with such environmental regulations.

Climate Change

We believe the transition to a more sustainable built environment represents a significant commercial opportunity for CRH.

We are well-positioned to support the increased demand for more sustainable products, which is underpinned by robust funding programs and regulatory policies in the geographies in which we operate.

In addition, extreme weather events are increasing the need for more climate-resilient infrastructure.

CRH Form 10-K 9

CRH has an absolute carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions reduction target of 30% by 2030 (from a 2021 base year) inclusive of organic business growth.

The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) has validated our targets 3 in line with a 1.5°C trajectory.

Therefore, CRH may from time to time be required to install additional equipment or technologies to remain in compliance with such environmental regulations.

Sustainability Performance

CRH is committed to driving profitable growth by providing its customers with innovative solutions that make construction simpler, safer, and more sustainable.

CRH’s connected portfolio of essential materials, infrastructure products, and value-added services play an important role in shaping a more resilient built environment and in 2025, revenues from products with enhanced sustainability attributes 3 were $15.7 billion, an increase of 7% compared with 2024.

CRH is continuing to advance its contribution to the circular economy, preserving scarce natural resources and using more recycled materials in construction.

In 2025, CRH recycled 51.2 million tonnes of wastes and by-products, sourced internally and from other industries, for use as alternative materials and fuels in its products and processes (2024:

44.7 million tonnes).

In 2025, Scope 1 and 2 absolute carbon emissions decreased by 1%, from 29.7 million tonnes 4 in 2024 to 29.5 million tonnes in 2025, as CRH made further progress implementing the key levers in its decarbonization roadmap.

CRH successfully delivered on its cement-specific net CO 2 emissions per tonne of cementitious product target of 520kg by 2025.

Adjusting for the impact of changes in CRH’s portfolio since the target was set in 2019, CRH’s cement-specific net CO 2 emissions per tonne of cementitious product was 518kg in 2025.

This represents a 33% reduction on 1990 levels.

CRH has an absolute carbon emissions reduction target of 30% by 2030 (from a 2021 base year) inclusive of organic business growth.

In 2023, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) validated CRH’s targets 5 in line with a 1.5°C trajectory.

A significant portion of the actions required to deliver on the 2030 roadmap are based on known technologies, well-established operational excellence programs and activities in which CRH has a proven track record of delivery.

CRH’s roadmap includes incremental capital expenditure of approximately $150 million per annum on average, which is subject to strict internal investment criteria and the net business benefit is expected to increase revenues and profitability.

In 2024, our Scope 1 and 2 absolute carbon emissions decreased by 4%, from 31.0 million tonnes 4 in 2023 to 29.7 million tonnes in 2024, as we made further progress implementing the key levers in our decarbonization roadmap which offset the impact of an increase in emissions arising from changes in our business portfolio.

Our cement-specific net CO 2 emissions per tonne of cementitious product reduced to 537kg (562kg in 2023).

We are also continuing to advance our contribution to the circular economy, preserving scarce natural resources and using more recycled materials in construction.

In 2024, we recycled 44.7 million tonnes of by-products and wastes, sourced internally and from other industries, for use as alternative materials and fuels in our products and processes (43.9 million tonnes in 2023).

CRH employs a dedicated global purchasing team and its supply chain combines vertical integration as well as external suppliers and service providers to deliver products to customers in various markets.

CRH’s roadmap includes incremental capital expenditure of approximately $150 million annually on average through 2030, which is subject to strict internal investment criteria and the net business benefit is expected to increase revenues and profitability.

3 Revenues from products with enhanced sustainability attributes is defined as revenues derived from those products that incorporate any, or a combination of:

recycled materials;

are produced using alternative energy and fuel sources;

have a lower carbon footprint as compared to those products using traditional manufacturing processes;

and/or are designed to specifically benefit the environment.

4 Note all sustainability metrics are presented in metric tonnes.

Scope 1, 2 and 3 absolute carbon emissions were 47.0 million tonnes in 2025 (2024:

47.1 million tonnes).

5 The SBTi’s Target Validation Team has classified CRH’s Scope 1 and Scope 2 target ambition and has determined that it is in line with a 1.5°C trajectory.

CRH FORM 10-K

CRH employs a dedicated global purchasing team and its supply chain combines internal supply, external sources and third-party service providers to deliver products to customers in various markets.

As outlined on page 9, CRH owns or leases the real estate on which its main raw materials are located and has established an extensive global network of quarries.

As part of its vertically integrated business model, the raw materials from these quarries are used to manufacture primary building materials, such as aggregates, cement, asphalt, readymixed concrete and concrete products, which are offered directly for sale or integrated into downstream products and services.

CRH is a significant purchaser of certain materials and resources important to its business, including cement, bitumen, steel, supplementary cementitious materials and energy supplies, all of which it acquires at market rates.

CRH is a significant purchaser of certain materials and resources important to its business, including cementitious materials, bitumen, steel, and energy supplies, all of which it acquires at market rates.

CRH is not dependent on any one source for the supply of these materials and resources, other than in certain jurisdictions with regard to the supply of gas and electricity.

CRH also utilizes various external suppliers and service providers throughout its business in addition to its internal supply chains, which enables it to economically source various raw materials, equipment and other inputs and to transport finished product to customers.

The Company is committed to establishing a sustainable and resilient supply chain.

The Company takes an active approach to monitoring the resilience of its supply chain and ensures that it has access to a satisfactory level of required inputs at all times.

The Company is committed to establishing a sustainable and resilient supply chain and takes an active approach to monitoring it.

Activity in the construction industry is dependent to a considerable extent on the seasonal impact of weather on the Company’s operating locations, with periods of higher activity in some markets during spring and summer which may reduce significantly in winter due to inclement conditions and extreme weather events.

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Similarly, competitors may seek to expand their existing positions or enter new markets and the Company may experience competition for potential acquisitions identified by CRH management.

3 The SBTi’s Target Validation Team has determined that CRH’s target ambition for Scope 1 and Scope 2, as well as Scope 3 for purchased clinker and cement, is in line with a 1.5°C trajectory.

4 Note all sustainability metrics are presented in metric tonnes.

Scope 1, 2 and 3 absolute CO 2 emissions were 47.1 million tonnes in 2024 (44.1 million tonnes in 2023).

CRH Form 10-K 10

Intellectual Property and Research & Development

CRH relies on a combination of intellectual property laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect its proprietary assets and brands.

CRH has registered or applied for registration of trademarks, service marks and internet domain names, both domestically and internationally, where appropriate.

CRH engages in ongoing research & development projects to improve existing and develop new technologies that will empower more sustainable forms of construction in the future.

CRH owns, or has applied for intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, service marks and internet domain names, both domestically and internationally, where appropriate.

CRH engages in ongoing research & development projects to improve existing and develop new technologies to drive further growth and value creation.

The Company’s research initiatives include:

• A $250 million Venturing and Innovation Fund to support the development of new technologies and innovative solutions.

To date, research initiatives across the Company include hydrogen use, CO 2 mineralization projects, novel cements, artificial intelligence technology and Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS);

• A $250 million Venturing and Innovation Fund, launched in 2022, to support the development of new technologies and innovative solutions.

To date, research initiatives across the Company include hydrogen use, CO 2 mineralization projects, novel cements, AI technology and Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS);

• CRH Ventures, the Company’s venture capital arm, invests in, and partners with, construction technology and climate technology companies across the construction value chain to pilot and scale new technologies and innovations that will enable safer, smarter and more sustainable construction;

• iCSC, CRH’s global center of excellence provides expertise and leadership to identify and analyze global market and construction trends and new growth opportunities to maximize the value of sustainable innovation.

The iCSC incorporates a global network of laboratories and experts at CRH’s operating companies collaborating to advance research on sustainable building materials and processes, such as low-carbon cement and concrete.

• CRH’s internal innovation network provides expertise and leadership to identify and analyze global market and construction trends and new growth opportunities.

CRH's network of laboratories and experts across operating companies collaborate to advance research on building materials and processes, such as climate-resilient water infrastructure and low-carbon cement and concrete.

Through these initiatives, CRH is supporting the development of new technologies and innovative solutions to meet the increasingly complex needs of customers and evolving trends in construction.

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People are our priority, and we believe that building a safe and inclusive work environment that empowers and inspires our global workforce is core to our success.

In 2024, we employed approximately 79,800 people at 3,816 locations in 28 countries, of which approximately 47,400 were in the Americas Division and 32,400 in the International Division.

In 2025, we employed 83,032 people at 3,961 locations in 28 countries, of which 49,828 were in the Americas Division and 33,204 in the International Division.

Some of our businesses are seasonal in nature which results in peaks and troughs in employment numbers across certain sections of our workforce.

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We continue to monitor near misses, prioritizing those high potential learning events to achieve our goal of zero harm.

We also invest in initiatives and programs across CRH, including training, technologies and our equipment to increase the standard of safety across our operations and reduce risks.

We also invest in initiatives and programs across CRH, including training, technologies and equipment to increase the standard of safety across our operations and reduce risks.

CRH FORM 10-K

CRH further supports our employees through our health and well-being programs providing tools, social support and strategies for physical and mental health.

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Employee Engagement

Employee engagement is critical in generating insights regarding CRH’s performance culture, training and career development opportunities, safety culture, corporate purpose, initiatives to support inclusion and overall strategy.

At CRH, we want to enhance and sustain a culture where everyone feels empowered, respected, and supported to grow.

The Board and management team are committed to building an inclusive culture where talented people of all backgrounds have opportunities and can perform at their best.

CRH has an engagement strategy which is built on, among other things, a firm commitment to nurture respect and inclusion.

Employee engagement is critical to understanding what matters most to our employees and in generating insights regarding CRH’s performance culture, training and career development opportunities, safety culture, corporate purpose, initiatives to support inclusion, and overall strategy.

The Board has delegated responsibility for the management of employee engagement to the Nomination & Corporate Governance Committee.

Through employee engagement, we gain a better understanding of what matters most to our employees.

We continue to adapt engagement strategies, ways of working, and leadership development approaches based on employee feedback.

Working with the executive leadership team (Global Leadership Team), CRH develops action plans based on the results of these engagements.

Working with the Global Leadership Team, CRH develops action plans based on the results of these engagements.

The proximity of our senior leaders to daily operations across CRH is a key reason for the Company's continued success and enables dynamic engagement across our operations.

We respect the rights of our employees to form and join trade unions and take part in collective bargaining.

We operate both unionized and non-unionized workplaces.

Learning and Development

We are focused on creating a global workforce that will drive performance now and for years to come.

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We have also established multiple training and compliance programs to support appropriate conduct, including mandatory annual trainings regarding anti-bribery, anti-fraud, and anti-theft topics.

Inclusion and Engagement

At CRH, we want to enhance and sustain a culture where fairness, inclusion and belonging are achievable for everyone.

The Board and management team are committed to building a respectful and inclusive culture where talented people of all backgrounds have opportunities and can perform at their best.

CRH has an engagement strategy which is built on, among other things, a firm commitment to nurture respect and inclusion as a core capability.

CRH promoted our inclusion and engagement goals through a range of initiatives and developments in 2024, including the development of new toolkits, forums and supports for our Employee Resource Groups (ERGs).

Our ERGs are voluntary, employee-led groups, open to all employees including allies.

CRH promoted inclusion through a range of initiatives and developments in 2025, including the development of toolkits, forums, and supports for our Employee Resource Groups (ERGs).

Our ERGs are voluntary, employee-led groups, open to all employees.

Their aim is to foster an inclusive workplace by strengthening communication, community, and employee experience.

CRH Form 10-K 11

Available Information

The Company maintains an internet address at www.crh.com and makes available free of charge through its website its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments thereto, if any, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, which are available as soon as reasonably practicable after CRH files or furnishes such information to the SEC.

The Company also posts its proxy statements on its corporate website.

The Company also posts its Proxy Statements on its website.

Investors may also access such documents via the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov .

References in this document to other documents on the CRH website are included only as an aid to their location and are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

References in this document to other documents on the CRH website are included only as an aid to their location and are not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.

CRH’s website provides the full text of earnings updates, and copies of presentations to analysts and investors.

Further, copies of CRH’s key corporate governance policies and other reports, including its Code of Business Conduct, Sustainability Performance Report and the charters for Committees of the Board, may be found on the CRH website.

The Company undertakes no obligation to update any statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the documents incorporated by reference herein for revisions or changes after the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10‐K, other than as required by law.

We post on our website news releases, announcements and other statements about our business performance, results of operations and sustainability matters, some of which may contain information that may be deemed material to investors.

The Company undertakes no obligation to update any statements contained in this Form 10-K or the documents incorporated by reference herein for revisions or changes after the filing date of this Form 10‐K, other than as required by law.

We post news releases, announcements and other statements about our business performance, results of operations and sustainability matters on our website, some of which may contain information that may be deemed material to investors.

Additionally, we use our LinkedIn account (www.linkedin.com/company/crh) , as well as our other social media channels from time to time, to post announcements that may contain information that may be deemed material to investors.

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We encourage investors, the media and others interested in CRH to review the business and financial information we or our executive officers post on our website and the social media channels identified above.

Information on CRH’s website or such social media channels does not form part of, and is not incorporated into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Information on CRH’s website or such social media channels does not form part of, and is not incorporated into, this Form 10-K.

CRH FORM 10-K

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1. Business