Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, and summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10‑K was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures (a) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, based on the framework established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on this evaluation, management has determined that our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024 was effective.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, PKF O’Connor Davies, LLP, who audited our financial statements included in this Annual Report, has issued its report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, which is included herein.
Remediation of Previously Disclosed Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
As previously disclosed in Item 9A of the Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, management concluded that material weaknesses existed in our internal control over financial reporting relating to:
• The accounting for sales recorded by the BioSteel segment, which resulted in material misstatements relating to revenue and trade receivables, particularly with respect to the timing and amount of revenue recognition. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls to sufficiently assess the timing, amount, and appropriateness of
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revenue recognition. This included a lack of segregation of duties in the review of customer orders, inadequate controls over the review and approval of sales returns, and inadequate controls relating to revenue recognition policies and procedures. This also contributed to the failure to impair goodwill related to the BioSteel reporting unit on a timely basis as changes in the performance of BioSteel were not identified in a timely manner, and the failure to accurately record the redeemable noncontrolling interest; and
• IT general control deficiencies that aggregated to a material weakness. These deficiencies specifically related to: (i) logical access management, including untimely periodic access review, access provisioning and modification, removal of user access and change management controls with respect to a payroll system implemented during the year; and (ii) untimely and inconsistent monitoring and oversight of third-party service organizations. Although we have identified no instances of any adverse effects due to these deficiencies, business processes that depend on the affected information systems or that depend on data from the affected information systems, could be adversely impacted.
During fiscal year 2024, management, with the oversight of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, completed the implementation of our previously disclosed remediation plan that included:
IT General Controls
• Improving the privileged access review process and performing a timely review of all in-scope systems for privileged user access;
• Performing a review of the tools and improving the process relied upon to ensure users terminations or transfers are timely updated in systems;
• Improving the access approval requirements and ensuring all access requests were properly approved and documented prior to granting/modifying user access;
• Adding a dedicated resource to support and perform key IT general controls, including privileged access review and review of third-party service organization control reports to assess their impact in relation to the control environment. Additionally, training on third-party service organization control reports review was delivered to relevant control owners;
• Improving the documentation and retention of evidence for testing and approval of system changes;
• Enhancing the assignment of control responsibilities and accountability to responsible operational and IT personnel; and
• Completing training on strengthening Canopy Growth’s control environment for all key stakeholders aimed at improving employee knowledge and skills in internal controls over financial reporting, including IT General Controls.
BioSteel business-to-business sales
• Effective September 14, 2023, Canopy Growth no longer has a controlling interest in BioSteel Sports Nutrition Inc. ("BioSteel Canada"), and effective November 16, 2023, Canopy Growth no longer has a controlling interest in BioSteel Manufacturing, LLC ("BioSteel Manufacturing") and BioSteel Sports Nutrition USA LLC. Further, during November 2023, Canopy Growth completed the sale of substantially all of the assets of BioSteel Canada and BioSteel Manufacturing. As a result, the BioSteel segment is no longer considered part of management’s internal control over financial reporting and the material weakness previously identified in our internal controls is no longer applicable to Canopy Growth.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we completed testing of the operating effectiveness of the implemented controls and found them to be effective. As a result, we have concluded the material weaknesses have been remediated as of March 31, 2024.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Other than the execution of the material weakness remediation activities discussed above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recent quarter, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
Amendment to David Klein Employment Agreement
On May 28, 2024, the Company and David Klein entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to Mr. Klein’s employment, dated December 8, 2019 and amended on June 8, 2021 and June 14, 2024 (the “Klein Agreement”). Pursuant to the Amendment, effective June 8, 2024, Mr. Klein's base salary will be adjusted from US$975,000 to US$750,000. In accordance with the Amendment,
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in addition to the long-term incentive award he is entitled to under the Klein Agreement, in 2025, Mr. Klein will receive a one time equity grant valued at US$500,000 divided equally between Options and RSUs, with both the Options and the RSUs each vesting one year from the grant date. In addition, the severance provisions of the Klein Agreement have been amended to maintain the total approximate value as his current agreement. Accordingly, in accordance with the Amendment, Mr. Klein will now be entitled to a fixed distribution of $1,950,000 upon his severance from the Company under certain circumstances specified in the Klein Agreement, instead of the previous provision of two times his base salary. Furthermore, in accordance with the Amendment, Mr. Klein will now be eligible for a severance benefit of 2.5 times the average actual short-term incentive amount paid to him over the previous two years, replacing the previous calculation of two times.
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) informed us of the adoption or termination a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as each term is defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.
Item 9C. Disclosures Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
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PART III
Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts in Part III of this Form 10-K are in United States of America (“U.S.”) dollars (“US$” or “$”) unless stated otherwise. “C$” means Canadian dollars.
As used in this Part III of this Form 10-K, references to:
• “Fiscal 2025” refer to the 12-month period ended March 31, 2025;
• “Fiscal 2024” refer to the 12-month period ended March 31, 2024;
• “Fiscal 2023” refer to the 12-month period ended March 31, 2023;
• “Fiscal 2022” refer to the 12-month period ended March 31, 2022; and
• “Fiscal 2021” refer to the 12-month period ended March 31, 2021.
In addition, all Share amounts and exercise prices in this Part III have been adjusted for the one-for-10 Share Consolidation, which became effective on December 15, 2023.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The table below sets forth certain biographical information regarding each director of the Company. In addition, a discussion of the qualifications, attributes and skills of each director that led the Company's board of directors (the “Board”) and the Corporate Governance, Compensation and Nominating Committee of the Board (“CGCN Committee”) to the conclusion that he or she should continue to serve as a director follows each of the director biographies. Additional information regarding the skills and expertise of each director is included below under the section entitled “Board of Directors, Committees and Governance—Board Skills Matrix.” If a director is listed as “Independent” in the table below, that director meets the requirement to be an “independent director” under Rule 5605(a)(2) the Listing Rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market (the “Nasdaq Rules”) and the definition of “independence” under Canadian National Instrument 52-110 – Audit Committees (“NI 52-110”).
Directors
Name
Age (1)
Position
David Klein
60
Director and Chief Executive Officer
Willy Kruh
67
Director and Chair of the Audit Committee
David Lazzarato
68
Director, Chair of the Board and member of the Audit Committee, and member of the CGCN Committee
Luc Mongeau
57
Director and member of the CGCN Committee
Theresa Yanofsky
67
Director, Chair of the CGCN Committee and member of the Audit Committee
(1) Ages as of May 1, 2024.
David Klein
Rochester, New York, United States
Non-Independent
Director Since
November 1, 2018
David Klein is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of Canopy Growth and also serves on the Board. He joined Canopy Growth in January 2020 from CBI where he served as Executive Vice President (“EVP”) and CFO, and was responsible for corporate strategy, all aspects of finance and accounting, investor relations, mergers and acquisitions, information technology and Constellation Ventures. After joining CBI in 2004 as Vice President (“VP”) of Business Development, he also held roles as CFO of Constellation Europe, Senior Vice President (“SVP”), Treasurer & Controller, and CFO of the Beer Division. Prior to taking on these roles at CBI, Mr. Klein held the CFO role at Montana Mills, where he led the transformation from private to public company and the subsequent sale of Montana Mills to Krispy Kreme. Mr. Klein also held the CFO role at NetSetGo, an internet and network services startup that won several business and technical awards. Prior to these entrepreneurial positions, Mr. Klein served as the Director of Mergers & Acquisitions at Xerox Corporation and as Director of Finance & Accounting for Harris Corporation.
Mr. Klein brings to the Board a wealth of experience in, among other things, finance, corporate strategy, mergers and acquisitions, international business and the retail and consumer products industries.
Committee Memberships
None
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Attendance in Fiscal
2024
Other Public Company Directorships
Board: 24/24
None
David Lazzarato
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Independent
Director Since
March 31, 2020
David Lazzarato serves as Chair of the Board, is a member of the Audit Committee and a member of the CGCN Committee. Mr. Lazzarato’s impressive career includes senior executive positions with Alliance Atlantis Communications, Allstream, Bell Canada, and CAE. In 2016, Mr. Lazzarato retired and has since been a Corporate Director. Mr. Lazzarato has served on corporate and not-for-profit boards for two decades and served on the Board of Directors of Flutter Entertainment (Dublin) until May 2024 and was recently appointed to the Board of Thunderbird Entertainment in February 2024. Mr. Lazzarato brings to the Board a demonstrated commercial and financial acumen to assist businesses going through pivotal inflection points.
Committee Memberships
Audit Committee
CGCN Committee
Attendance in Fiscal 2024
Other Public Company Directorships
Board: 24/24
Flutter Entertainment plc (exited as of May 1, 2024)
Audit: 10/10
CGCN: 5/6
Willy Kruh
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Independent
Director Since
February 7, 2024
Willy Kruh CPA, CA, MBA , worked at KPMG LLP from 1984 to 2019, most recently serving as Partner and Global (and Canadian) Chairman of Consumer and Retail at KPMG LLP from 2014 until his retirement from KPMG LLP in October to 2019. Since October 2020, Mr. Kruh has been served as CEO of PlanEXT, an Israel-based global leader in pharmaceutical cannabis research and development. Mr. Kruh , with over 35 years of experience. As a recognized and trusted advisor, consultant, and auditor in the consumer and retail sector, he has been instrumental in shaping the financial landscape of leading CPG, Retail, Food and Beverage multinational corporations, offering strategic guidance and invaluable insights to industry leaders in North America and globally. Mr. Kruh brings wide ranging financial as well as consumer and retail industry experience to the Board.
Committee Memberships
Audit Committee (Chair)
Attendance in Fiscal 2024
Other Public Company Directorships
Board: 3/3
None
Audit: 1/1
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Theresa Yanofsky
Westmount, Quebec, Canada
Independent
Director Since
March 31, 2020
Theresa Yanofsky currently serves as a member of the Board where she also acts as the Chair of the CGCN Committee as well as a member of the Audit Committee. Ms. Yanofsky has extensive experience working with big-name retailers and is respected for her strategic leadership and disciplined approach to driving revenue. Ms. Yanofsky brings over 30 years of experience working with rapidly growing big-name global retailers, serving as a board member for Reitmans (Canada) Ltd., (“Reitmans”), a Canadian-based retailer listed on the TSX and has served as a member of the board of directors of Goodfood Market Corp., a leading online grocery company in Canada listed on the TSX, since July 2019. Most recently, Ms. Yanofksy was appointed as a board member for Purolator Inc., a leading integrated freight, package and logistics provider, in April, 2022. Ms. Yanofksy served as the Senior Vice-President, General Manager of Sephora Canada from 2015 until her retirement in March 2020; prior to which she worked at L Brands where she was the country manager for Bath & Body Works Canada.
Ms. Yanofsky brings over 30 years of experience working with rapidly growing big-name global retailers as well as significant senior management and public company board and corporate governance experience.
Committee Memberships
Audit Committee
CGCN Committee (Chair)
Attendance in Fiscal 2024
Other Public Company Directorships
Board: 22/24
Goodfood Market Corp.
Audit: 10/10
Reitmans Ltd.
CGCN: 6/6
Purolator Inc.
Luc Mongeau
Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada
Independent
Director Since
February 7, 2024
Luc Mongeau is a seasoned executive with over 25 years of experience spearheading multi-billion-dollar consumer goods companies throughout North America, including Weston Foods, Mars, and Mars Petcare. Since September 2022, Mr. Mongeau has been the CEO of eSolustions Furniture Inc. and was previously the President of Weston Foods Inc. from September 2017 to March 2022. Mr. Mongeau is an established leader with a demonstrated track record of marketing and sales agility. Mr. Mongeau has consistently delivered transformative growth and operational excellence in brand led businesses. Mr. Mongeau brings his extensive experience in business transformation and strategic leadership to the Board.
Committee Memberships
CGCN Committee
Attendance in Fiscal 2024
Other Public Company Directorships
Board: 3/3
None
CGCN: 1/1
Board of Directors, Committees and Governance
Overview
The Board and management of the Company recognize the importance of corporate governance for the effective management of the Company and the protection of its stakeholders, particularly our shareholders (the “Shareholders”).
National Policy 58-201 – Corporate Governance Guidelines (“NI 58-101”) establishes corporate governance guidelines that apply to all public companies. NI 58-101 charters disclosure of corporate governance practices, which disclosure is set out below, in
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accordance with Form 58-101F1 – Corporate Governance Disclosure . The Company is also required to comply with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) and the applicable rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to SOX, as well as the Nasdaq Rules and the rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”).
Maintaining a high standard of corporate governance is a priority for the Board and the Company’s management as both believe that effective corporate governance will help create and maintain Shareholder value in the long term. A description of the Company’s corporate governance practices is set out below.
Board of Directors
The Board is responsible for the stewardship of the Company, supervising the management of our business and our affairs and acting in the best interests of the Company. The Board has adopted a written “Corporate Governance Guidelines” pursuant to which the Board assumes responsibility for the stewardship of the Company. The Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on the Company’s website at www.canopygrowth.com/investors/governance/committees-charters/.
The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines state that the primary responsibilities of directors are to exercise their business judgment in good faith and to act in what they reasonably believe is in the best interests of the Company. Directors are required to fulfill their responsibilities consistent with their fiduciary duties, in compliance with all applicable rules and regulations and subject to the provisions of the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended and its bylaws. In forming his or her judgment, each director is entitled to rely in good faith on the accuracy of the records of the Company and the information, opinions, reports or statement presented by the Company’s officers, employees, Board committees, outside advisors and auditors. In discharging their obligations, directors are entitled to rely on the honesty and integrity of the Company’s senior executives and its outside advisors and auditors.
The independent judgment of the Board in carrying out its responsibilities is the responsibility of all directors. The Board facilitates independent supervision of management through meetings of the Board and through frequent informal discussions among independent members of the Board and management. In addition, the Board has free access to the Company’s external auditors, external legal counsel and to the Company’s officers.
Meetings
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 (“Fiscal 2024”), the Board met 24 times, the Audit Committee met 10 times and the CGCN Committee met 6 times. During Fiscal 2024, the current directors attended, in aggregate, over 98.4% of the total number of Board meetings, 94% of CGCN Committee meetings, and 100% of Audit Committee meetings held and on which he or she served during his or her period of service. The Board and committees held a combination of in person and video conference meetings. The individual attendance summary for each of the directors who served as a director during Fiscal 2024 is set forth above.
Board Member Attendance at Annual Shareholder Meetings
The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines state that all directors are expected to make reasonable best efforts to attend all meetings of the Board, all meetings of the committees of which they are members and the annual meeting of Shareholders, and to maintain a satisfactory Board and committee meeting attendance record of no less than 75% in the aggregate, subject to recusal by the Board or relevant committee. The Company generally encourages, but does not require, directors to attend the Company’s annual meetings of Shareholders. Directors are encouraged to attend Board meetings and meetings of committees of which they are members in person but may also attend such meetings by telephone or video conference. All directors were present at the Company’s 2023 Annual General and Special Meeting of Shareholders, which was held via live audio webcast held on September 25, 2023.
Familial Relationships
There are no family relationships among any directors and executive officers.
Board Leadership Structure and Qualifications
Pursuant to the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Board must be composed of a majority of “independent directors”, including the Chair of the Board. The Company defines an “independent director” in accordance with the standards and requirements promulgated by all applicable regulatory bodies exercising control over the Company, including Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Rules. Where it is not appropriate for the Chair of the Board to be independent, an independent director will be appointed to act as lead director (the “Lead Director”).
Currently, David Klein serves as our CEO and Dave Lazzarato serves as Chair of our Board. Because Mr. Lazzarato is an independent director, we currently do not have a Lead Director.
The Chair of the Board will preside over all meetings of the directors, be responsible for the agenda at all meetings of the Board and will preside over meetings of Shareholders. The Chair will convey recommendations of the independent directors to the Board and will be the liaison between the Board and the management of the Company. The Chair will preview information sent to the Board as necessary and approve meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient time for discussion of all agenda items.
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The key responsibilities of the Chair of the Board include, among other things:
• providing leadership to the Board with respect to its functions as described in the Corporate Governance Guidelines and as otherwise may be appropriate;
• ensuring Canopy Growth’s policies and practices related to corporate governance and Board operations are properly reflected in internal and external communications;
• working with the CGCN Committee, submitting to the Board a proposed slate of directors for election at the annual general meeting of shareholders;
• ensuring that appropriate procedures are in place for the effective operation of the Board;
• managing the ongoing performance review and the compensation plan for the Company’s CEO; and
• being available to the Company’s CEO and management to provide guidance and advice.
Where it is not appropriate for the Chair of the Board to be independent, the Lead Director carries out the primary responsibilities that would otherwise be the responsibility of the independent Chair of the Board. The Board believes that requiring that there be a Lead Director in the event the Chair of the Board is not an Independent Director is appropriate at this time to provide the most effective leadership structure for Canopy Growth in the rapidly-evolving and highly-regulated cannabis industry.
Oversight of Risk Management
The Board oversees the management of risks inherent in the operation of our business, with a focus on the most significant risks that we face. The Board performs this role primarily through its Audit Committee and CGCN Committee. Each Board committee addresses the risks specific to the function of that committee. For example, the Board committees address the following risks:
• The Audit Committee performs the Board’s oversight responsibilities as they relate to our accounting policies, internal controls, and financial reporting practices, and is responsible for, among other things, overseeing the process by which the Company assesses and manages risk and identifying risks inherent in the Company’s business including cybersecurity risks.
• In connection with its corporate compensation responsibilities, the CGCN Committee reviews all compensation policies and practices for all employees to determine whether such policies and practices create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.
• In connection with its corporate governance responsibilities, the CGCN Committee is to discuss with management and evaluate management’s efforts to ensure that the Company’s management is taking into account risks that may affect the Company in the areas of human capital management, and the need to update disclosure controls and procedures to address evolving disclosure requirements on environmental, social and governance matters.
Position Descriptions
Chief Executive Officer
The CEO leads the management of the Company’s business and affairs and the implementation of the resolutions and policies of the Board and will report to and comply with the direction of the Board. The key accountabilities and responsibilities of the CEO include, among other things: duties relating to the Company’s values, strategy, governance, risk management, risk appetite, financial information, human resources management, operational direction, Board interaction, talent management, succession planning and effective communication with Shareholders, clients, employees, regulators and other stakeholders. In addition, the Klein Agreement (as defined below) sets forth the responsibilities of the CEO, as approved by the Board, including:
• shaping global strategic plans by developing and executing the Company’s strategy with the appropriate scale and pace while retaining Company values and entrepreneurial culture;
• developing a world-class supply chain by defining and executing the supply chain strategy and aligning people, processes and system to optimize output while maintaining high levels of efficiency across product development, manufacturing/production, quality control and logistics;
• delivering consistency by producing results based on agreed upon targets and timetable in a rapidly evolving industry;
• building leading product portfolios by continuing to innovate and develop new products to fulfill consumers across various channels;
• embracing social responsibility by ensuring that the Company is adhering to all regulatory requirements and is viewed a leader in quality products and safety around the world;
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• cultivating high performing cross-functional teams to create a culture through a combination of recruiting top talent, restructuring current roles/responsibilities as needed, and developing high potential team members;
• fostering an entrepreneurial and fast-paced environment that operates with discipline and trust among leaders; and
• such other duties as the Board may specify from time to time.
Committee Chairs
The Board has developed written charters with respect to each of the Audit Committee and the CGCN Committee, which includes a description of the primary responsibilities of the Chairs of such committees.
The primary responsibilities of the Chair of the Audit Committee and CGCN Committee include, among other things: chairing and setting the agenda for the meetings of the applicable committee, providing leadership to the applicable committee and acting as liaison and maintaining communication with the Chair of the Board and the Board to optimize and co-ordinate input from directors, and to optimize the effectiveness of the applicable committee. The Corporate Governance Guidelines and the committee charters set out in writing the responsibilities of the Board and the committees, respectively.
Committees of Our Board of Directors
The standing committees of the Board consist of the Audit Committee and the CGCN Committee. The responsibilities of these committees are described below. In addition, the Board may establish other committees from time to time to assist the Board in connection with specific matters. The Board oversees the operations of the committees, the appointment of their respective members, their compensation and their conduct. The Board has no intention at this time to establish other standing committees. The following table summarizes the current membership of the Board and each of its committees:
Director Name
Audit Committee
CGCN Committee
David Klein
Willy Kruh
Chair
Luc Mongeau
Member
Theresa Yanofsky
Member
Chair
David Lazzarato
Member
Member
The Audit Committee and the CGCN Committee have adopted detailed charters outlining their responsibilities, including the specific responsibilities of the chair of each committee. Copies of these charters are available on the Company’s website at www.canopygrowth.com/investors/governance/committees-charters/.
Audit Committee
General. The Board has a separately designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with the Nasdaq Rules. The Audit Committee is currently comprised of three directors: Willy Kruh (Chair), David Lazzarato and Theresa Yanofsky, all of whom are considered to be “independent” within the meaning of such term under applicable Nasdaq Rules for Audit Committees and Section 1.4 of NI 52-110. The members of the Audit Committee are appointed by the Board, and each member of the Audit Committee serves at the pleasure of the Board until the member resigns, is removed or ceases to be a member of the Board.
The Board has determined that Willy Kruh, the Chair of the Audit Committee, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” for purposes of the SEC’s rules and meets the requirements for independence of audit committee members under the Nasdaq Rules. The SEC has indicated that the designation of Mr. Kruh as an audit committee financial expert does not make him an “expert” for any purpose, impose any duties, obligations or liabilities on him that are greater than those imposed on other members of the Audit Committee and the Board who do not carry this designation or affect the duties, obligations or liabilities of any other member of the Audit Committee or the Board.
Purpose. The Audit Committee’s primary purpose is to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities for the financial reporting process, the system of internal control over financial reporting and accounting compliance, the audit process of the financial statements and processes for identifying, evaluating and monitoring the management of the Company’s principal risks impacting financial reporting. The committee also assists the Board with the oversight of financial strategies and the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s overall risk management program. The Audit Committee Chair also meets regularly with management and with the Company’s internal auditors, including its Chief Financial Officer, and its external auditors, PKF O’Connor Davies (“PKF”). The Audit Committee Charter (the “Audit Committee Charter”) sets forth the role and responsibilities of the committee’s chair.
Responsibilities . Pursuant to the Audit Committee Charter, the Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditors, including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditors regarding financial reporting.
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The Audit Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website at www.canopygrowth.com/investors/governance/committees-charters/.
CGCN Committee
General. The CGCN Committee is currently comprised of three directors of the Company: Theresa Yanofsky (Chair), David Lazzarato, Luc Mongeau each of whom are considered to be an “independent director” under applicable Nasdaq Rules relating to compensation committees and meet the definition of “independence” under NI 52-110.
Purpose. The CGCN Committee’s purpose is to provide leadership in shaping the corporate governance policies and practices of the Company, put forward nominations for the appointment of directors by the Board, discharge the responsibilities of the Board relating to compensation of the Company’s directors and executive officers as determined by the Board, assist the Board in establishing appropriate incentive compensation and equity-based plans and to administer such plans, oversee the annual process of evaluation of the performance of management; and to assist the Board in its oversight of CGCN Committee’s human resource strategies.
Responsibilities - Compensation and Corporate Governance Matters. The CGCN Committee’s primary responsibilities are, among other things, to assist the Board in discharging its responsibilities relating to: (1) setting the Company’s compensation program, (2) administering and monitoring the incentive and equity-based compensation plans including awards under the Company’s Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “ Omnibus Incentive Plan ”), and (3) preparing the compensation committee report, in the annual report and proxy statement under the rules and regulations of the SEC. In addition, the CGCN Committee is responsible for overseeing and assessing the functioning of the Board, its committees and individual directors, for the development, recommendation to the Board, implementation and assessment of effective corporate governance principles, overseeing the process of succession planning for the CEO and, as warranted, other senior officers of the Company, and handling such other matters that are specifically delegated to the committee by the Board from time to time.
Pursuant to the CGCN Committee charter (the “CGCN Committee Charter”), the CGCN Committee shall, among other things:
• annually, review and approve or recommend that the Board approve corporate goals and objectives relevant to CEO compensation, evaluate the CEO’s performance in light of those corporate goals and objectives, and approve or recommend that the Board approve the CEO’s compensation level based on this evaluation;
• annually review and, as appropriate, approve or recommend that the Board approve each element of compensation including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and perquisites, and including with respect to any equity-based plans, for the CEO and each other executive officer;
• annually review, and as appropriate, approve or recommend the results of the most recent stockholder advisory vote on the compensation of named executive officers (a “Say on Pay Vote”) when considering executive compensation policies and decisions, the frequency with which the Company will conduct Say on Pay Votes, the inclusion of proposals regarding the Say on Pay Vote and the frequency of the Say on Pay Vote in any Company filing with the SEC in accordance with applicable law and regulation; and
• annually, review the results of the CEO’s performance with the Chair of the Board or the Lead Director, as applicable.
The CGCN Committee Charter does not provide for delegation of these duties.
Pursuant to the CGCN Committee Charter, the CGCN Committee has the authority to retain, at Canopy Growth’s expense, a compensation consultant only after taking into consideration the independence factors set out in Rule 5605(d)(3)(D) of the Nasdaq Rules (the “Compensation Committee Advisor Independence Factors”), to the extent applicable. For Fiscal 2024, after considering the Compensation Committee Advisor Independence Factors, the CGCN Committee continued to directly retain Mercer (Canada) Limited (“Mercer”) as its compensation consultant.
For additional information with respect to the role of Mercer in the determination of executive compensation, please see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” including the information under the subsection entitled “Annual Oversight of Compensation.”
Responsibilities - Board Nominations. The CGCN Committee is responsible for: identifying individuals qualified to become members of the Board, consistent with criteria approved by the Board, and to select, or to recommend that the Board select, the director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders. In carrying out the foregoing duties, the CGCN Committee consistently seeks to achieve a balance of knowledge, experience, diversity and capability on the Board. While the CGCN Committee has not established specific minimum qualifications for director candidates, it considers all pertinent factors that it deems appropriate. As set forth in our Corporate Governance Guidelines, among the qualifications considered in the selection of director candidates, the CGCN Committee will look at the following attributes and criteria of candidates: experience, skills, expertise, diversity, personal and professional integrity, character, business judgment, time availability in light of other commitments, dedication and conflicts of interest. In evaluating and identifying candidates, the CGCN Committee has the authority to retain and terminate any third party search firm that is used to identify director candidates and has the authority to approve the fees and retention terms of any search firm.
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The CGCN Committee will also consider director nominations identified by Shareholders. Nominations by Shareholders must be provided in a timely manner and must include sufficient biographical information so that the CGCN Committee can appropriately assess the proposed nominee’s background and qualifications. For a Shareholder to have his or her candidate considered by the CGCN Committee for inclusion as a director nominee at the Company's 2024 annual meeting of shareholders, Shareholder submissions of candidates for nomination to the Board must be submitted in writing to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at Canopy Growth Corporation, 1 Hershey Drive, Smiths Falls, Ontario, K7A 0A8. Potential nominees recommended by a Shareholder in accordance with these procedures will be considered and evaluated in the same manner as other potential nominees.
The CGCN Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website at www.canopygrowth.com/investors/governance/committees-charters/.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The following persons served as members of the CGCN Committee during Fiscal 2024: Robert Hanson (former director), Luc Mongeau, James Sabia (former director), Theresa Yanofsky and David Lazzarato. No person who served as a member of the CGCN Committee during Fiscal 2024 has served as an officer or employee of the Company, and no such person had any relationships with the Company of the type that is required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. During Fiscal 2024, none of our executive officers served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) of another entity one of whose executive officers served on the CGCN Committee or the Board.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
Over the course of Fiscal 2024, the Company has continued its journey towards creating greater equity in its workplace. We have undertaken the below noted steps to help us achieve our diversity, equity and inclusion (“DEI”) vision to: 1) develop a workforce of talent that reflects the communities and consumers we serve, and 2) create an inclusive environment where individuals from underrepresented groups feel welcomed, respected and valued based on their unique identities and perspectives.
To achieve these goals, we believe in investing in resources and integrating DEI strategies into our business efforts and priorities versus treating them solely as a standalone objective. As part of our initiatives, we have developed a multi-year strategy focused on the following four areas: 1) systems and accountability; 2) increased representation of underrepresented identities targeting support toward advancement of such individuals; 3) creating a culture of inclusion; and 4) increased education and awareness. As part of this work, several of our key activities are highlighted below:
• Established employee resource groups (“ERGs”) focused on creating community and allyship for specific underrepresented identities.
• Instituted a Canadian company-wide holiday for the Day of Truth and Recognition as a part of Canada’s overall initiatives towards Indigenous Reconciliation.
• Instituted a U.S. company-wide holiday in recognition of both Martin Luther King Day and Juneteenth.
• Launched expanded recognition day calendar for historically excluded groups with dates including, among others, Lunar New Year, Juneteenth, World Mental Health Day, Diwali and the Indigenous People’s Day.
• All recruiters, human resource business partners, and members of our Talent Management team received training on how to manage bias in hiring.
• To increase diversity in our job candidate pipeline we partnered with job boards and with external recruiting firms focused on recruiting people of color and other underrepresented groups.
• Integrated tools to mitigate bias into year-end review, our talent review processes and our annual merit program.
We actively seek opportunities to enhance our DEI strategy through a variety of initiatives. Although we are still early in the journey, we are investing time, resources and leadership engagement to achieve our desired results and achieve meaningful progress.
As of the date of this Form 10-K, the Company has five directors, one of whom is a woman, representing 20% of Board membership. None of the current directors are from any of the other “designated groups” (as defined in the Employment Equity Act (Ontario), namely women, members of visible minorities, Indigenous peoples and persons with disabilities (collectively, the “Designated Groups”). As of March 31, 2024, two of the Company’s named executive officers, as such term is defined by the SEC and Canadian National Instrument 51-102 - Continuous Disclosure Obligations, are women, each of whom is a visible minority. None of the executive officers are from any of the other Designated Groups. As of March 31, 2024, four of the Company’s seven leadership committee members are women, two of whom are visible minorities. None of the leadership committee members are from any other Designated Groups.
Nasdaq Diversity Matrix
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In compliance with Nasdaq’s Board Diversity Rule, the table below provides information regarding our director's diversity information. The information presented below is based on voluntary self-identification responses we received from each director. Each of the categories listed in the table below has the meaning as it is used in Nasdaq Rule 5605(f).
Board Diversity Matrix
(as of August 8, 2023)
(as of May 28, 2024)
Total Number of Directors
7
5
Part I: Gender Identity
Female
Male
Female
Male
Directors
2
5
1
4
Part II: Demographic Background
African American or Black
-
-
-
-
Alaskan Native or Native American
-
-
-
-
Asian
-
-
-
-
Hispanic or Latinx
-
-
-
-
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
-
-
-
-
White
2
5
1
4
Two or More Races or Ethnicities
-
-
-
-
LGBTQ+
1
1
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background
-
-
Exercise of Independent Judgment – Conflicts of Interest
The Company is governed by the provisions of the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”), pursuant to which a director or officer of the Company must disclose to the Company in writing or by requesting that it be entered in the minutes of meetings of the Board, the nature and extent of any interest that he or she has in a material contract or material transaction, whether made or proposed, with the Company, if the director or officer: (a) is a party to the contract or transaction; (b) is a director or an officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of a party to the contract or transaction; or (c) has a material interest in a party to the contract or transaction. Except as otherwise permitted by the CBCA, an interested director cannot vote on any resolution to approve such contract or transaction.
Board and Committee Assessment
The Board is committed to regular assessments of its own effectiveness and that of its committees. The CGCN Committee is responsible for coordinating periodic assessments of the effectiveness of the Board, the Audit Committee and the CGCN Committee. Annually, the CGCN Committee makes recommendations to the Board regarding the process to be followed and the issues to be explored.
The Board addresses items raised both through the assessment process and through informal feedback as warranted. In Fiscal 2024, the Board has continued to expand its exposure to members of management, further enhanced its focus on key topics of strategic concern to the Company, and continued to develop its knowledge of the Company’s business functions through various presentations and discussions from internal business groups. However, as a result the recent appointments to the Board of Directors as of February 7, 2024 following recent resignation of all of the CBI Group’s board nominees on April 18, 2024, the Board did not conduct a formal assessment of its own effectiveness and that of its committees during Fiscal 2024 and anticipates that such function will be completed later during the current fiscal year once the newly constituted Board consisting of only five members has had sufficient opportunity to work together.
Orientation and Continuing Education
The CGCN Committee ensures that newly elected directors and committee members receive effective and comprehensive orientation, and that all directors are provided continuing education opportunities, both to maintain and enhance their skills and abilities as directors and, as applicable, committee members, and to ensure their knowledge and understanding of the Company’s business remains current.
Through its onboarding program, new directors are given the opportunity to meet with members of management to review the budget, forecast and strategic plan for the Company, as well as key corporate projects. When circumstances permit, a new director shall participate in a site tour and receive an overview of the past year of activities, the competitive landscape and insight into distribution channels.
In order to ensure that directors are knowledgeable in subjects related to the discharge of their duties as well as cannabis industry trends, the Company has addressed continuing education in its Corporate Governance Guidelines, which provide, among other things, that each director is expected to be involved in continuing director education on an ongoing basis to enable him or her to better perform his or her duties and to recognize and deal appropriately with issues that arise in connection therewith. The Board has adopted a
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Continuing Education Policy, which provides that the CGCN Committee will present the directors, from time to time throughout each fiscal year, with a variety of continuing education opportunities. The CGCN Committee may also invite external legal counsel and other external advisors of the Company to present at Board meetings on topics and trends facing companies in the cannabis industry. In addition, directors have access to the Company’s in-house and external legal counsel in the event of any questions or matters relating to their corporate and director responsibilities and to keep themselves current with changes in legislation. In Fiscal 2024, the Board was offered six education sessions, two of which were presented by external advisors and four were presented by various Company business units. These included a session on director fiduciary duties (Canada and the US), product trends innovation in the Canadian cannabis market, changes to the U.S. cannabis regulatory landscape, requirements of Modern Slavery Reporting and training on the company’s Cybersecurity disclosure and clawback policy. Sessions were held in-person and virtually and the majority were attended by all members of the Board.
These continuing education opportunities are in addition to any presentations by management or other Company employees on the Company’s ongoing operations either at Board meetings or organized separately.
The Board of Directors Continuing Education Policy is administered by the CGCN Committee and reviewed on an annual basis and revised as necessary.
Board Skills Matrix
The following skills matrix sets out skills and expertise that the Board considers important to fulfill its oversight role, the specific skills and expertise of each director and reflects the current strengths of the Board as a whole.
Experience / Skill
Theresa
Yanofsky
Willy
Kruh
David
Klein
Luc
Mongeau
David Lazzarato
Cannabis industry
√
√
Pharmaceutical / biomedical industry
√
Retail and consumer products industries
√
√
√
√
√
Real estate industry
√
√
Public company board experience
√
√
√
Public company CEO experience
√
√
√
√
CPA designation
√
√
Public Company CFO Experience
√
√
√
Corporate governance
√
√
√
Executive compensation
√
√
√
International business
√
√
√
√
√
Government relations
√
Strategic planning
√
√
√
√
√
M&A
√
√
√
√
√
Finance and capital markets
√
√
√
Legal and regulatory
√
√
√
HR and labor relations
√
√
√
√
Marketing
√
√
√
Operations
√
√
√
Information technology
√
√
√
√
√
Director Term Limits
In order to ensure that the interests of directors are fully aligned with those of the Company, directors shall be required to retire from the Board at the age of 75 in accordance with the Company’s Mandatory Director Retirement Age Policy. One year prior to a given director attaining the age of 75, the CGCN Committee will begin the process of identifying a suitable replacement for the retiring director. In exceptional circumstances, the CGCN Committee may recommend to the Board to exempt a director from the application of the Mandatory Director Retirement Age Policy.
Anti-Hedging & Insider Trading Policy
Pursuant to the Company’s Insider Trading Policy, the executive officers and directors are not permitted to enter into any transaction that has the direct or indirect effect of offsetting the economic value (hedging) of any interest in any security of the Company. This includes the purchase of financial instruments such as variable prepaid forward contracts, equity swaps, collars or units of exchange funds that are designed to hedge or offset a decrease in the market value of securities. To the Company’s knowledge, no executive officer or director of the Company has entered into any such transaction or purchased such a financial instrument.
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The Board has also adopted an Insider Trading Policy to ensure, among other things: (i) that persons to whom the policy applies understand their obligations to preserve the confidentiality of undisclosed “Material Information” (as defined in the Insider Trading Policy); (ii) strict compliance by all insiders with all requirements relating to the reporting of insider trading and with respect to trading when in possession of undisclosed “Material Information”; and (iii) that individuals subject to scheduled and unscheduled blackout periods adhere to the restrictions on trading as set out in the policy. The Company seeks to discourage its employees from frequent buying and selling of securities for the purpose of realizing short term profits and to acquire securities as long term investments only. For greater detail, please refer to the Company’s Insider Trading Policy, which can be found at https://www.canopygrowth.com/investors/governance/articles-bylaws-policies/.
Succession Plan
In accordance with the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Company has adopted a succession plan in order to lessen disruption and provide direction in the event of an extended absence or departure of the CEO or another member of executive management. By outlining the strategic direction of the Company, integrating strategies and embedding accountability, the succession plan is designed to ensure a smooth transition across the Company. The succession plan includes specific strategies for addressing either a short-term, long-term, or permanent absence of the CEO or other member of the executive management team. It is the responsibility of the CGCN Committee, in consultation with the executive management team and the Chief Human Resources Officer (“CHRO”), to suggest further mechanisms to minimize the impact of an unforeseen absences or vacancies in key roles and to ultimately make a recommendation to the Board to fill the vacancy. Pursuant to the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the CGCN Committee is required to annually review and report to the Board on succession planning, which must include emergency CEO succession, CEO succession in the ordinary course and succession for other members of the senior management team.
Share Ownership Guidelines
For the purpose of strengthening the alignment of the interests of the Company’s executive officers and non-employee directors with those of the other Shareholders, the Company approved written Share Ownership Guidelines in August 2020 (the “Guidelines”) and are reviewed annually on an as-needed basis. In accordance with the Guidelines, executive officers as well as certain other members of senior management are expected to hold share interests valued at the multiples of annual base salary by the end of an initial five-year accumulation period, beginning on the later of (i) the date of approval of the Guidelines; or (ii) the date on which the Guidelines become applicable to a given director or officer following their appointment to such position, and to maintain such an ownership level thereafter. The following details the guidelines applicable to the executive officer positions currently held as of March 31, 2024:
Title
Guidelines
Chief Executive Officer
five times base salary
Chief Financial Officer
three times base salary
Chief Legal Officer
three times base salary
Directors are expected to hold share interests valued at two-and-a-half times their annual cash board retainer by the end of an initial five-year accumulation period and to maintain such an ownership level thereafter. For purposes of the Guidelines, share interests include, among other things, Canopy Shares and restricted stock.
In instances where an officer or director has not achieved the Share ownership level established by the Guidelines within the initial five-year accumulation period, the CGCN Committee will review the matter with such officer or director to determine an appropriate remedy in light of the principles of these Guidelines. The CGCN Committee will annually review and assess the adequacy of the Guidelines and adopt any changes it deems necessary.
Communication with the Board
The Company values input from its Shareholders and is respectful of their right to communicate any concerns they may have to leadership of the Company. Considering the above, Shareholders or other interested parties may arrange to communicate directly with members of the Board or committees of the Board, the Chair of the Board, a Chair of a committee of the Board or the Board or committees of the Board as a group by writing to them in the care of the Board of Directors, Canopy Growth Corporation, 1 Hershey Drive, Smiths Falls, ON, K7A 3K8. We will forward all such communications (other than unsolicited advertising materials) to the applicable members of the Board or committees of the Board. The Company reserves the right to edit profanity or other inappropriate language, or to exclude questions that are not pertinent to Board or committee matters or that are otherwise inappropriate.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings/Cease Trade Orders, Bankruptcies, Penalties or Sanctions
Except as disclosed below:
1. No director is, as at the date of this Form 10-K, or has been within ten years before the date of this Form 10-K, a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer of any company (including the Company) that:
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a. was subject to an order that was issued while the director was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer; or
b. was subject to an order that was issued after the director ceased to be a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that person was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer
For the purposes hereof, the term “order” means: (a) a cease trade order; (b) an order similar to a cease trade order; or (c) an order that denied the relevant company access to any exemption under securities legislation, that was in effect for a period of more than 30 consecutive days.
2. No director:
a. is, as at the date of this Form 10-K, or has been within the 10 years before the date of this Form 10-K, a director or executive officer of any company (including the Company) that, while such person was acting in such capacity, or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver-manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or
b. has, within 10 years before the date of this Form 10-K, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of the director.
3. No director has been subject to:
a. any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or
b. any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable securityholder in deciding whether to vote for a director.
On May 10, 2023, the Company announced that as a result of preliminary findings from its internal review, the Company’s (i) audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 (the “2022 10-K”), and (ii) unaudited consolidated financial statements for the quarterly periods ended June 30, 2022, September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10- Q for such quarterly periods (collectively, the “Form 10-Qs” and together with the 2022 10-K, the “Prior Financial Statements”), should no longer be relied upon because of certain material misstatements contained in the Prior Financial Statements (the “Default”). On June 2, 2023, the Ontario Securities Commission issued a management cease trade order against David Klein, the CEO and Judy Hong, the CFO, as a result of the Default. The management cease trade order was lifted on June 27, 2023 following the filing of the Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, which contained the Company’s audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as well as restatements of the Prior Financial Statements.
Since August 2019, Ms. Yanofsky has served as a member of the board of directors of Reitmans. On May 19, 2020, Reitmans filed a petition with the Québec Superior Court for the issuance of, and was granted on the same day, an initial order (the “Initial Order”) seeking the protection and the remedies offered by the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C 36 (the “CCAA”). Since its initial filing, Reitmans obtained extensions of the Initial Order until May 28, 2021. On May 25, 2021, the Québec Superior Court issued an extension of the stay of proceedings pursuant to the CCAA until September 28, 2021. Reitmans has elected to reduce the amount of the interim debtor-in-possession financing entered into in connection with the CCAA proceedings from $60.0 million to C$30.0 million. On January 4, 2022, Reitmans obtained a sanction order from the Québec Superior Court for the Company’s plan of arrangement under the CCAA (the “Plan of Arrangement”). Under the Plan of Arrangement, Reitmans distributed an aggregate amount of C$95 million (the “Reitmans Settlement Amount”) to its creditors in full and final settlement of all claims affected by the Plan of Arrangement, including an initial payment of up to C$20,000 per claim plus, if applicable, a pro rata distribution of the remaining balance of the Reitmans Settlement Amount.
Except as set forth above, we are not aware of any of our directors or executive officers being involved in any legal proceedings in the past ten years relating to any matters in bankruptcy, insolvency, criminal proceedings (other than traffic and other minor offenses), or being subject to any of the items set forth under Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers:
Name
Age (1)
Position
David Klein
60
Director and Chief Executive Officer
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Judy Hong
52
Chief Financial Officer
Christelle Gedeon
42
Chief Legal Officer
(1) Ages as of May 1, 2024
David Klein. For information regarding Mr. Klein, see “Board of Directors” above.
Judy Hong serves as Canopy Growth’s CFO. Having joined the Company in December 2019 to lead Canopy Growth’s Investor Relations. Ms. Hong was appointed as interim CFO on November 19, 2021 and promoted to CFO on April 1, 2022. Ms. Hong’s deep knowledge of the CPG sector has been integral in shaping Canopy Growth’s overall commercial strategy and guiding the Company’s engagement with the financial community.
Ms. Hong’s financial and capital markets experience was built during her over 20 years’ experience at Goldman Sachs & Co. Ms. Hong’s roles at Goldman Sachs & Co included serving as a Managing Director, in the Global Investment Research Division, from 2013 until her departure in December 2019. During this time, Ms. Hong covered the Beverage and Tobacco sectors in the Consumer Products and Retail team within Global Investment Research and has been ranked in The Wall Street Journal’s “Best on the Street”. Ms. Hong earned an MBA from New York University’s Stern School of Business and a BS in Communications from Cornell University. From September 2014-January 2020, Ms. Hong served as a Treasurer on the Board of Bottomless Closet, a non-profit organization based in NYC.
Christelle Gedeon serves as Canopy Growth’s Chief Legal Officer (“CLO”) and Corporate Secretary. Dr. Gedeon joined the Company in August 2022, and oversees the Company’s legal group in addition to all government affairs, regulatory and quality matters as well as Corporate Development, Business Intelligence and Canopy Growth’s strategy with respect to Canopy USA strategy. Her role has included ongoing advocacy with the Canadian government to enhance critical elements of the regulatory framework for cannabis to ensure the sector’s long-term growth and sustainability.
Dr. Gedeon has been instrumental to the Company’s profitability strategy including leading the development and announcement of Canopy USA, the Company’s novel approach to realizing the opportunity presented by the U.S. THC market in advance of federal permissibility.
Prior to joining Canopy, Christelle served in a number of senior leadership roles including Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary at Aphria, Inc. from July 2018 to August 2021 and Chief Legal Officer of The Metals Company, a deep-sea mining company, from August 2021 to August 2022. Prior to joining Aphria, Ms. Gedeon was a Partner at Fasken, a leading Canadian law firm. Through these roles, she developed extensive experience in the cannabis industry and in the management of complex regulatory structures, intellectual property management, corporate governance, government relations, and strategic acquisitions, all capabilities that are critical to advancing Canopy Growth’s strategy for North American leadership.
An accomplished commercial lawyer and strategist with more than a decade of experience, Christelle played an instrumental role in the completion of more than 50 mergers, acquisitions, and strategic investments during her tenure. Additionally, she has been named one of Canada’s Law Department Leaders of the Year, included as part of the Legal 500 GC 2020 Powerlist, and named to the 2019 Canadian General Counsel Awards Tomorrow’s Leader. Dr. Gedeon holds an LL.B/B.C.L. from McGill University, is a member in good standing of the Ontario and Quebec bars, and also a registered trademark agent in addition to holding a Ph.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology from the University of Toronto.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of our Shares to file initial reports of ownership and changes in ownership of our Shares and other equity securities with the SEC. These individuals are required by the regulations of the SEC to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely on a review of the copies of the forms furnished to us, and written representations from reporting persons, we believe that all filing requirements applicable to our officers, directors and 10% beneficial owners were complied with during Fiscal 2024, except with respect to the following reports that were inadvertently filed late: (i) one report for Christelle Gedeon relating to one transaction; (ii) one report for Judy Hong relating to two transactions; (iii) one report for Judy Schmeling (former director) relating to one transaction; (iv) one report for Theresa Yanofsky relating to one transaction; (v) one report for David Klein relating to two transactions; (vi) one report for Thomas Stewart relating to two transactions; (vii) one report for David Lazzarato relating to one transaction.
In addition, for Fiscal 2023, the following reports were inadvertently filed late and have not been previously disclosed as late filings: (i) one report for Julious Grant (former employee) relating to one transaction; and (ii) one report for David Klein relating to one transaction.
Ethical Business Conduct
The Board is responsible for promoting an ethical business culture and fostering an environment that places an emphasis on compliance. The Board monitors compliance, including through receipt by the Audit Committee, of reports of unethical behavior.
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The Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) for directors, officers (including our CEO, CFO and principal accounting officer), employees and applicable third parties conducting work for or on behalf of the Company. The Code may be accessed on the Company’s website at www.canopygrowth.com/code-of-business-conduct-and-ethics/. We intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or Nasdaq Rules concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code.
Directors, officers, employees and consultants are responsible for reporting situations of non-compliance with respect to breaches of law, regulation or company policy, including the Code, or other concerns related to ethics and business conduct of which they become aware to the Chair of the Board, CEO, Corporate Secretary or outside legal counsel or in accordance with the Company’s Whistleblower Policy. If any person chooses to remain anonymous, every effort is made by the Company to respect such a request.
The Company has a strict no retaliation policy for anyone who reports a violation in good faith, regardless of the accuracy of such a report. Furthermore, any allegation of reprisal is fully investigated by the Company.
The Board has also adopted a Whistleblower Protection Policy which establishes procedures for: (i) the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, auditing and other financial matters (collectively, “Accounting Irregularities”), any illegal acts or violations of the Code or any other policy of the Company, or applicable laws and regulations (collectively, “Wrongdoings”); and (ii) the submission by employees, officers and directors of the Company, on a confidential and anonymous basis, of concerns regarding any Accounting Irregularities and Wrongdoings.
The Board has also adopted a Disclosure Policy to ensure, among other things: (i) that the Company complies with timely disclosure obligations under securities laws and the regulations of the stock exchanges on which the Company’s securities are listed; (ii) that the Company prevents material misrepresentations made to the public; (iii) that the Company prevents the selective disclosure of “material information” (as defined in the Disclosure Policy); (iv) that prompt corrected disclosure is made by the Company, if material information is undisclosed or if material misrepresentations are known to have been made publicly; and (v) that all communications to the public are informative, timely, factual, balanced, accurate and broadly disseminated.
The Board has also adopted an Insider Trading Policy as discussed above under “—Anti-Hedging & Insider Trading Policy.”
The Board has also continued to maintain and has updated existing policies after completing a thorough review of its corporate governance practices. The following table outlines recent updates to our policies:
Policy
Description
Clawback Policy
An updated version of the policy was adopted by the Board that provides for the recoupment of certain executive compensation, including but not limited to short- and long-term incentives, in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under U.S. federal securities laws. This policy is applicable to executives, officers and to senior management as well as other persons who perform policy-making functions of the Company.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
An updated version of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics was adopted by the Board to, among other things, include language regarding the monitoring and reporting of forced and child labor, including in compliance with Canada’s Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act S.C. 2023, c. 9.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Throughout this Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”), we describe our executive compensation philosophy, program and decisions made in Fiscal 2024 for our named executive officers, as such term is defined by the SEC and Canadian National Instrument 51-102 - Continuous Disclosure Obligations (“NEOs”). For a complete understanding of the executive
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compensation program, this disclosure should be read in conjunction with the Summary Compensation Table and other executive compensation-related disclosures included in this Form 10-K.
For Fiscal 2024, the Company’s NEOs included the CEO, CFO, and CLO, as follows:
Name
Title
David Klein
Chief Executive Officer
Judy Hong
Chief Financial Officer
Christelle Gedeon
Chief Legal Officer
Fiscal 2024 Performance Highlights
Fiscal 2024 was transformative year in which Canopy Growth completed several strategic initiatives necessary to emerge as a cannabis-focused, brand-led, and asset-light corporation positioned for strength and profitability across the Canadian and global cannabis markets.
Highlights for Fiscal 2024 include:
Organizational transformation and balance sheet actions
• Completing the transition to an asset-light model in Canada by (i) exiting cannabis flower cultivation in the Company’s Smiths Falls, Ontario facility, ceasing the sourcing of cannabis flower from the Mirabel, Quebec facility; (ii) consolidating cultivation at Canopy Growth’s facilities in Kincardine, Ontario and Kelowna, British Columbia; and (iii) moving to an adaptive third-party sourcing model for all cannabis beverages, edibles, vapes, and extracts which has enabled the Company to select and bring to market exciting and exclusive formats without the required investment in research and development and production footprint.
• Executing a business transformation that reduced cost of goods sold in Fiscal 2024 by 45% year-over-year and reduced SG&A expenses by 33% compared to Fiscal 2023.
• Benefitting from cost reduction actions taken to date, increased Consolidated Gross Margins and Canada Cannabis Gross Margins by 4,600 basis points and 6,200 basis points year-over-year, respectively, in Fiscal 2024.
• Completing the sale of seven properties for the aggregate gross proceeds of approximately CAD $155 million, including the Company’s 1 Hersey Drive facility in Smiths Falls, Ontario.
• Reducing total debt by $710M in Fiscal 2024 with total debt reduction of approximately $1.1BN since the beginning of Fiscal 2023. Benefitting from debt related transactions completed subsequent to the end of Fiscal 2024, the Company has no material debt maturing until March 2026.
• Exiting the BioSteel sports hydration business and divesting the Company’s This Works skincare and wellness brand to further focus the Company on exclusively cannabis and cannabis adjacent businesses.
Canadian Commercial Advancement
• Strengthening the Company’s Canada adult use cannabis business to business performance yielding 3% year over year net revenue growth in Fiscal 2024 driven by substantial improvements in flower quality and consistency. This is showcased by the commercial resurgence of the Company’s Tweed brand and its’s enormously popular flower strains of Kush Mints and Tiger Cake which helped drive the Company to remain a top 5 supplier of cannabis flower in British Columbia in Q4 Fiscal 2024 (Unless otherwise indicated, market share data disclosed in this Form 10-K is calculated using the Company’s internal proprietary market share tool that utilizes point of sales data supplied by third-party data providers and government agencies).
• In Q4 Fiscal 2024 alone, the Company added over 2,300 points of distribution ("POD") in the Canada adult-use market including 915 POD for Tweed flower, over 700 POD for various PRJ and over 650 POD for Deep Space beverages.
• Signing a partnership with Indiva Limited that assigned Canopy Growth exclusive rights and interests to manufacture, distribute and sell Wana branded products in Canada while also entering a contract manufacturing agreement under which Indiva holds the right to manufacture and supply Wana products in Canada, thereby solidifying the shift for the Company toward an asset-light model within the gummies category.
• Reintroducing the Wana brand cannabis edibles in Canada in Q3 Fiscal 2024 and initiating activities to strengthen distribution nationally.
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• Driving continued outperformance of the Company’s Canada medical cannabis business with revenues increasing 10% in Fiscal 2024 vs prior year in a declining market environment through high-quality engagement and customer care of insured patients, as well as expanding the assortment of products offered to our customers including the launch of Wana brand edibles at spectrumtherapeutics.com.
International Markets Medical Cannabis Growth
• Successfully attaining EU-GMP certification of the Company’s Kincardine, Ontario cultivation facility bolstering its ability to supply medical cannabis in international markets.
• Responding to strong demand for medical cannabis in international markets, the Company began shipping proven Canadian flower strains Kush Mints, Tiger Cake and OG Deluxe. Shipments of the new strains and increased engagement with medical practitioners contributed to growth in Australia, Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic in the second half of Fiscal 2024.
• Benefiting from increasing supply of high-quality cannabis from Canada, the Company secured a top 4 market share in the German medical cannabis market in Fiscal 2024.
• International markets cannabis Fiscal 2024 net revenue increased 6% year-over-year primarily attributable to growth in Australia.
Continued leadership in vaporization via Storz & Bickel
• Reinforcing the status of Storz & Bickel as the world-leading manufacturer of high-end and medically certified vaporizers with the launch of Venty, boasting highly adjustable airflow, precise temperature control and the fastest heat-up-time of any Storz & Bickel device.
• Demand for the new Venty vaporizer, a device priced at the top of the range for comparable portable devices, has exceeded expectations, and a second production shift was added in Q3 of Fiscal 2024 to help meet demand. In the critical holiday sales window of December 2023, the Venty vaporizer was Storz & Bickel‘s best-selling device, selling approximately double the number of the next highest selling device.
• Black Friday sales were the most successful in Storz & Bickel’s over 20-year history with device sales increasing 55% over the number of devices sold during the prior year’s Black Friday event.
• Storz & Bickel net revenue in Q4 Fiscal 2024 and Fiscal 2024 increased 43% and 9% year-over-year, respectively, primarily driven by strong sales of the new Venty portable vaporizer.
Advancing Canopy USA to offer shareholders unique access to U.S. market growth
• Advancing the Canopy USA LLC strategy by scheduling a special shareholder meeting in early Fiscal 2025 at which Canopy Growth’s shareholders overwhelmingly approved a special resolution authorizing an amendment to its articles of incorporation, which created a new class of non-voting, non-participating exchangeable shares in the capital of the Canopy Growth, which, in turn, facilitated Canopy USA’s ability to acquire Acreage, Wana and Jetty.
• Subsequent to quarter end, the Company announced on May 7, 2024 that Canopy USA had initiated the acquisitions of Wana and Jetty. These acquisitions are expected to close in Q2 Fiscal 2025.
Objectives and General Principles of the Compensation Program
The Company’s compensation philosophy is based on attracting, retaining and motivating employees with incentives aligned with corporate strategic objectives and the interests of Shareholders, while effectively managing risk and broader stakeholder considerations. The Company believes that an effective compensation program, founded on the following principles, is key to building long-term shareholder value:
Attracting, Retaining and Motivating Talent in Key Markets
Alignment with Corporate Strategic Objectives
Alignment with Shareholders’ Interests
Effective Risk Management
Total compensation, inclusive of base, short-term, and long-term incentives, are benchmarked against talent in markets in which the Company competes for talent, both inside and
Awards are linked to the Company’s short-term and long-term strategic objectives, and
A significant component of total compensation consists of equity-based compensation that is “at risk”, where executives are rewarded for contributing to a higher return on Shareholders’
The compensation structure encourages the Company’s management to take responsible risks and to manage those risks appropriately
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outside the Company’s industry. The approach seeks to ensure that the Company’s talent acquisition efforts remain in line with market standard and practice while the sector seeks to balance unique interplay of the sector being a high-growth sector but maturing in certain markets where the sector is experiencing significant market changes.
pay programs are aligned with our pay-for-performance philosophy.
investment and are equally negatively impacted by delivering lower Shareholder returns. Together our minimum Share Ownership Policy, the use of equity-based compensation ensures that employees are material owners of the Company’s equity are aligned with the interests of Shareholders.
through the use of a balanced scorecard which rewards employees to balance financial performance and individual achievement. More details regarding risk management can be found within “Executive Compensation Risk Management”.
Target Pay Positioning
For NEOs, total target direct compensation is set by reference to the 50th percentile to 75th percentile of relevant publicly-traded peers, weighted more heavily towards long-term equity-based compensation. Positioning relative to these percentiles will depend upon the role, responsibilities, experience, and contributions of each NEO, as well as the comparability to the peer incumbents, and may fall outside these percentiles based on informed judgment. Recognizing that the Company is a North American organization with senior executives located in both Canada and the United States, the dual peer group approach (the Canadian Consumer-Focused Group and the U.S. CPG and Pharmaceutical Group) is used for benchmarking and target setting purposes to reflect competitive pay levels in both jurisdictions, as appropriate.
Annual Oversight of Compensation
Role of the CGCN Committee and Board
The CGCN Committee supports the Board’s responsibilities relating to executive compensation, including the annual review and approval of NEO compensation, and recommending CEO compensation to the Board for approval. For CEO compensation, the CGCN Committee works with its independent compensation advisor, Mercer, and is supported by the Company’s CHRO, to develop compensation and related recommendations to the Board. For the compensation of all other NEOs and senior officers, the CGCN Committee reviews recommendations from the CEO and CHRO, and then makes recommendations to the Board. The CGCN Committee also reviews various aspects of the compensation program as appropriate and makes recommendations to the Board on any changes to incentive design. The Board reviews the CGCN Committee’s recommendations and provides final approval on compensation related proposals. The process and timeline of the CGCN Committee’s annual activities are noted below.
2024 Policies & Practices Related to the Grant of Certain Equity Awards
At the regularly scheduled annual meeting of the Company’s Board of Directors and Compensation Committee held in June 2023, the Board’s and Compensation Committee reviewed the performance of the Company’s executive officers. Based on those reviews, and in alignment with their respective employment agreements, the board approved equity awards for each individual executive officer. In accordance with our Omnibus Plan, these annual equity awards are issued upon the exit of our Q4 financial blackout period, which occurs two trading days after the annual earnings call. The valuation of these awards are calculated based upon the fair market value definition as prescribed in our Omnibus Plan.
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In 2023, following our previous Omnibus Plan blackout period definition and award issuance, Canopy was able to price and issue stock options (“Options”) in June 2023. However, due to immediately entering another quarterly financial blackout, Canopy waited until August 2023 to issue the Fiscal 2024 RSU award grant, ensuring the number of common shares to be issued would not be determined using the common share price during a financial blackout.
The following table presents information regarding Options issued to our NEOs in Fiscal 2024 during any period beginning four business days before the filing of a periodic report on Form 10-K or Form 10-Q, or the filing or furnishing of a current report on Form 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (other than a Form 8-K disclosing a new material option award) and ending one business day after the filing or furnishing of such report with the SEC.
Name
Grant Date
Number of securities underlying the award
Exercise price of the award (1) ($/Sh)
Grant date fair value of the award
Percentage change in the closing market price of the securities underlying the award between the trading day ending immediately prior to the disclosure of material nonpublic information and the trading a day beginning immediately following the disclosure of material nonpublic information
David Klein | CEO
28-Jun-23
1,244,729
$4.70
$2.92
-10.29%
Judy Hong | CFO
28-Jun-23
264,903
$4.70
$2.92
-10.29%
Christelle Gedeon | CLO
28-Jun-23
164,274
$4.70
$2.92
-10.29%
(1) The exercise price of award is calculated by multiplying the actual exercise price of C$6.20 by the Bloomberg FX spot rate as of June 28th, 2023
Role of the Compensation Consultant
The CGCN Committee continued their engagement of Mercer, to provide independent advice on executive compensation, including the alignment of Canopy Growth’s compensation policies and practices with its executive compensation philosophy and related governance matters. The nature and scope of services provided by Mercer to the CGCN Committee during Fiscal 2024 included the review, support, and advice on:
• The Company’s compensation philosophy
• The review of Canopy Growth’s peer group
• Compensation levels for Canopy Growth’s NEOs and other executive roles
• Short-Term Incentive Plan metrics, weightings, and target setting
• Long-Term Incentive Plan mix of vehicles and related performance metrics
• Compensation disclosure and other governance matters
• Management-prepared materials and recommendations in advance of CGCN Committee meetings
• Attendance at CGCN Committee meetings as requested
The CGCN Committee considers, among other information, the advice provided by Mercer in making its executive compensation decisions and recommendations to the Board; however, it may or may not follow Mercer advice in making such decisions.
Any other services, not related to executive or director compensation, and recommendations provided by Mercer or its affiliates to the Company require approval from the Chair of the CGCN Committee. The CGCN Committee has considered the independence of Mercer and has not identified any conflicts of interests regarding their services or employees.
Role of CEO and CHRO
The CEO and CHRO support the CGCN Committee in its compensation work. The CEO and CHRO make recommendations to the CGCN Committee on NEO and top executive officer compensation, and the CHRO supports the CGCN Committee in developing recommendations to the Board on CEO compensation. The CHRO also makes recommendations and provides information to, and answers questions from, the CGCN Committee as it fulfills its responsibilities regarding executive compensation.
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Components of Compensation & Key Decisions for Fiscal Year 2024
Summary of Compensation Elements
The Company’s compensation program applies to all employees. However, the component mix varies by role within the Company, and may consist of components of the following:
Pay Element
Description & Objective
Fixed
Annual
Base Salary
• Fixed component of executive pay, used to determine other elements of compensation and benefits
• Provides predictable compensation for day-to-day services
Performance-Based
Annual
Short-Term Incentives
• Annual cash bonus awarded based on the achievement of defined financial and non-financial annual objectives
• Varies depending on the level of actual performance to incentivize the achievement of short-term objectives
Long-Term
Stock Options
• Provided annually and intended to align recipient with shareholder value creation, as well as to drive retention of key employees
• No value to recipient unless shareholder value created from time of grant
Share-based Awards including PSUs and RSUs
• Provided annually to align recipient with shareholder value creation, incentivize achievement of defined long-term objectives, and to drive retention of key employees
• Previously granted performance share units (“PSUs”) cliff vest on the third anniversary of grant based on continued service and achievement relative to defined objectives
• PSUs granted in Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2023 PSUs include objectives tied to “Relative Total Shareholder Return” (TSR) and AEBITDA (More Details: Long Term Incentive ”)
• Restricted share units (“RSUs”) vest equally over three years from the date of grant based on continued service
Other
Annual
Benefits
• Provided annually as a fixed component of executive benefits
• Benefit coverage offered includes group health care, dental, vision, health spending account, Flexible Spending Account (FSA), life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, and short- and long-term disability coverage. Coverage varies by the country in which the employee resides.
• Eligible to participate in our current 401(k) or Canadian Group Retirement Savings Plan
• Annual product allowance
• Certain NEOs are entitled to a perquisite for travel pursuant to their employment agreements
• Certain NEOs may be entitled to a lump sum in a deferred retirement plan pursuant to their employment agreements
*Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as the reported net loss, adjusted to exclude income tax recovery (expense); other income (expense), net; loss on equity method investments; share-based compensation expense; depreciation and amortization expense; asset impairment and restructuring costs; and charges related to the flow-through of inventory step-up on business combinations, and further adjusted to remove acquisition-related costs.
A significant portion of our NEOs’ compensation is variable and linked to performance against short-term financial and individual objectives, as well as Share price performance and long-term financial objectives. The following charts illustrate our CEO’s Fiscal 2024 target total direct compensation (“TDC”) mix.
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Base Salary
Base salary forms the basis for attracting talent and remaining competitive with the market. Base salary is set by the Company based on market rates for similar positions and each executive’s expected contribution and past performance. For all NEOs other than the CEO, the CEO and the CHRO develop salary recommendations based on: (i) approved benchmarking provided by the Company’s independent compensation consultant (Mercer); and (ii) market survey data. CEO base salary recommendations to the Board are prepared by the CGCN Committee and are based on approved benchmarking data. All base salaries for senior executives are reviewed and approved by the Board.
The following table illustrates base salary details for our NEOs throughout Fiscal 2024:
Individual
Fiscal 2023
Annual Base Salary
Fiscal 2024
Annual Base Salary
% Change
David Klein
$975,000
$975,000
0%
Judy Hong
$395,000
$415,000 (1)
5.1%
Christelle Gedeon
$366,854
$395,151 (2)
7.7%
(1) Effective June 1, 2023, the Company provided Ms. Hong with an annual merit increase of 5.10%.
(2) Effective June 1, 2023, the Company provided Dr. Gedeon with an annual merit increase to C$509,250 (US$376,132) and an off-cycle base pay adjustment to C$535,000 (US$395,151), effective August 21, 2023, upon assuming Corporate Development, Business Intelligence, and Canopy USA Strategy roles.
For Fiscal 2025, other than changes described below in Mr. Klein’s compensation, Management recommended and the CGCN Committee agreed that the base salaries for Management should be held flat entering Fiscal 2025.
Short-Term Incentives
All NEOs who were employed by the Company at the end of Fiscal 2024, participated in the Company’s short-term incentive plan (the “STIP”) which provides an annual cash incentive based on performance relative to defined financial and individual objectives. The STIP is a leveraged bonus design, where executives may earn between 0% and 200% of the target bonus opportunity (“target”), which is defined as a percentage of base salary for each executive.
Plan Design
For our NEOs, the STIP is linked to a combination of corporate financial and individual objectives and is structured as follows:
Base Salary
($)
X
STIP Target
(% of salary)
X
Performance Score
(0 - 200%)
=
STIP Payout
($)
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Fiscal 2024 Target Award Levels
Under the STIP pursuant to their respective employment agreements, each NEO has a target award expressed as a percentage of base salary. They may receive no payout for performance at or below threshold level, and a maximum payout of 200% of target for performance at or above maximum objectives. The threshold, target, and maximum awards for our NEOs are as follows:
Individual
Below Threshold
(% of salary)
Target
(% of salary)
Maximum
(% of salary)
David Klein | CEO
0%
125%
250%
Judy Hong | CFO
0%
75%
150%
Christelle Gedeon | CLO
0%
75%
150%
Fiscal 2024 STIP Performance Criteria & Results
Per the Company’s STIP initially adopted by the Board for Fiscal 2021, the performance of the Company’s executive leadership team, including the NEOs, was assessed based on predetermined criteria that were established and approved by the Board at the beginning of the fiscal year. For Fiscal 2024, all NEOs were assessed against corporate financial and individual objectives approved by the Board. These objectives were weighted as outlined in the below table.
In Fiscal Year 2024, our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors have approved a performance-based bonus for our NEOs, totaling 157.63% of the target. This decision is grounded in notable achievements: exceeding targets with 139.62% against the Adjusted EBITDA target and 139.22% against the Revenue target, despite the current challenges within the industry. The individual metrics were the result of superior achievement pertaining to qualitative objectives agreed to by the Board during Q1 of Fiscal 2024. These results underscore our leadership team's adaptability, strategic maneuvering, and ongoing efforts to enhance operational efficiency and revenue growth within a challenging environment. By recognizing their contributions in navigating market uncertainties, advancing strategic endeavors, and ensuring organizational stability, this bonus reaffirms our commitment to talent retention.
Fiscal 2024
Canopy Growth
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Canopy Growth
Revenue
Individual
Total
Objective Weighting
45%
25%
30%
100%
Achievement Against Applicable Metric Based on Adjusted Financial Performance Metrics
139.62%
139.22%
200%
-
Weight X Achievement
62.83%
34.8%
60%
157.63%
(1) Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as the reported net loss, adjusted to exclude income tax recovery (expense); other income (expense), net; loss on equity method investments; share-based compensation expense; depreciation and amortization expense; asset impairment and restructuring costs; and charges related to the flow-through of inventory step-up on business combinations, and further adjusted to remove acquisition-related costs.
Fiscal 2024 STIP Payouts
For Fiscal 2024, the Board approved the following cash bonuses to the NEOs based on actual performance relative to the defined STIP objectives:
Individual
Target
(% of salary)
Payout Factor
(% of target)
Bonus Payout
(USD) (1)
David Klein | CEO
125%
157.63%
$1,921,169
Judy Hong | CFO
75%
157.63%
$486,685
Christelle Gedeon | CLO
75%
157.63%
$454,884
(1) Fiscal 2024, STIP payments are expected to be paid by July 12, 2024.
Long Term Incentives
Summary of Principal Terms of Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) Instruments
The table below summarizes the principal terms of our Options, PSUs and RSUs.
Share-Based Awards
Options
PSUs
RSUs
Purpose
• PSUs represent compensation to incentivize executives to achieve long-term objectives of the Company, as well as to align
• RSUs represent compensation to incentivize executives to achieve long-term objectives of the Company, to retain executives, as well as to align executives’
• Options represent compensation that is intended to align executives’ interests with those of Shareholders by providing
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Share-Based Awards
Options
PSUs
RSUs
executives’ interests with those of Shareholders
• PSUs are considered “at risk” as the ultimate value vested depends on Share price and the level of execution and completion of predetermined performance targets
• PSUs were last awarded to Named Executives Officers at the start of Fiscal 2023. No new PSUs were awarded in Fiscal 2024, and will not be part of the 2025 LTI package
interests with those of Shareholders
executives with the opportunity to become Shareholders
• These are considered entirely “at risk” because the value of Options rises (and may fall) in conjunction with the market price of Shares where the change in Share prices is deemed an indirect measure of overall performance by the Company and the execution on key performance metrics by the Company’s employees and executives
Form of Award
• PSUs represent notional Shares, the value of which track the value of the Shares on the TSX
• RSUs represent notional Shares that track the value of the Shares on the TSX
• In Fiscal 2025 and moving forward, RSUs represent notional Shares that track the value of the Shares on the NASDAQ
• A holder of vested Options may acquire Shares at the exercise price established on the date of grant of such Options which is equal to the closing price of the Shares on the TSX on the date of grant
• In Fiscal 2025 and moving forward, newly granted Options pricing will be established and tracked based on the value of the Shares on the NASDAQ
Vesting
• PSUs vest on the 3rd anniversary of the date of grant based on continual employment and the achievement of predetermined performance targets, effective upon the Board’s approval of the financial statements for the financial year immediately preceding the vesting date
• RSUs generally vest on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd anniversaries of the date of the grant, with one third of the number of granted RSUs vesting on each date
• Options vest on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd anniversaries of the date of the grant, with one third of the number of granted Options vesting on each date
Settlement
• PSUs will, at the Board’s discretion, be settled in either cash, in Shares purchased from the open market, or in Shares issued from treasury
• RSUs will, at the Board’s discretion, be settled in either cash, in Shares purchased from the open market, or in Shares issued from treasury
• The value of a vested Option is the difference between its exercise price and the closing price of the Shares on the TSX on the date prior to the date of exercise
• In Fiscal 2025 and moving forward, newly granted Options pricing will be established and tracked based on the value of the Shares on the NASDAQ
• All Options are settled in Shares issued from treasury
Fiscal 2022 & 2023 PSU Design
The vesting of PSUs which were awarded in Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2023 are based on: (i) Relative Total Shareholder return (“Relative TSR”) (50% weight) against a custom group of cannabis industry peers approved by the Board; and (ii) Adjusted EBITDA
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performance (50% weight) against predetermined targets established at the beginning of the fiscal year, as recommended by the CGCN Committee and approved by the Board.
PSUs provide compensation that is conditional on the achievement of pre-determined, multi-year performance criteria. The number of PSUs that vest is moderated higher or lower based on performance related to (i) Canopy Growth’s Relative TSR versus a custom cannabis industry peer group and (ii) absolute Adjusted EBITDA objectives.
Unvested PSUs are subject to forfeiture upon the occurrence of certain events related to termination of employment, as specified in the form of agreement pursuant to which the PSUs were granted (the “PSU Grant Agreement”). A participant may vest in their right to receive the applicable number of PSUs if the participant remains in continuous employment with the Company or any of its subsidiaries until June 14, 2025. In the event a U.S. resident recipient of PSUs retires (as the term “Retirement” is defined in the PSU Grant Agreement) at any time after December 14, 2022, and prior to June 14, 2025, vested awards are payable on a pro rata basis (as set forth in the PSU Grant Agreement applicable to U.S. residents). For U.S. residents, PSUs will vest 30 days after the recipient’s service with Canopy Growth terminates due to the recipient’s death or Disability (as that term is defined in the PSU Grant Agreements applicable to U.S. residents), subject to the terms of the PSU Grant Agreements applicable to U.S. residents.
For each of the Relative TSR and Adjusted EBITDA metric, performance is measured using an “umbrella” approach, whereby both annual performance (20% weighting per year) and three-year cumulative performance (40% weighting) are measured independently to determine overall PSU vesting at the end of the three-year performance period.
The following table sets forth the cannabis industry peers against which Canopy Growth’s TSR is measured for the purposes of the Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2023 PSU Awards. Also outlined below is the assessment framework used to measure Relative TSR performance.
Relative TSR Peers (1)
Percentile vs. Relative TSR Peers
Performance
Multiplier (1)
Curaleaf Holdings
Greater than or equal to the 75th percentile
1.5x
Green Thumb Industries
Tilray
Cronos Group
50th percentile
1x
Sundial Growers
Aurora Cannabis
Less than or equal to the 25th percentile
0.5x
OrganiGram Holdings
Charlotte’s Web Holdings
(1) Interpolated on a linear basis in between
(1) Hexo Corporation and The Valens Company, which we formerly included among our Relative TSR Peers, have been acquired by Tilray Inc. and Sundial Growers Inc., respectively, and therefore have been removed from the Total Shareholder Return (TSR) analysis.
PSU Metric Details and Certification Results
PSUs were awarded to eligible NEOs at the start of the Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2023 years. No new PSU’s were awarded at the start of the Fiscal 2024, and will not be part of the Fiscal 2025 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The below results reflect the achievement factor of objectives set forth within the Fiscal 2022 & Fiscal 2023 PSU award cycle.
Based on the Company’s performance in Fiscal 2024, the CGCN Committee recommended the Board certify the following achievement factor:
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• 50% for the Fiscal 2024 Adjusted EBITDA targets set forth during the Fiscal 2022 PSU grant
• 133% for the Fiscal 2024 Adjusted EBITDA targets set forth during the Fiscal 2023 PSU grant
• 50% for the 3-year Cumulative Adjusted EBITDA targets set forth during the Fiscal 2022 PSU grant
• 50% for the Total Shareholder Return targets for both the Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2023 PSU grants
• 50% for the 3-year Cumulative Total Shareholder Return targets set forth during the Fiscal 2022 PSU grant
Total Shareholder Return Objectives
Adjusted EBITDA Objectives
Targets
TSR Return
Adjusted EBITDA
(‘000s of CDN)
Fiscal
Results
FY24 TSR
-49%
FY24 Adjusted EBITDA
(58,922)
3-Year Cumulative (FY22-FY24)
-97%
3-Year Cumulative (FY22 - FY24)
(824,038)
Objective
Multiplier
Fiscal 2022 PSU Targets (FY24)
>75 Percentile
1.5X
Threshold
(45,000)
50 Percentile
1X
Target
50,000
<25 Percentile
.5X
Maximum
145,000
FY24 Achievement Factor
50%
FY22 Grant Achievement
50%
3-Year Cumulative Factor
50%
Fiscal 2022 PSU Targets (FY22 – FY24 Cumulative)
Objective
Multiplier
Threshold
(30,000)
Target
255,000
Maximum
540,000
FY22 Grant Achievement
50%
Fiscal 2023 PSU Targets (FY24)
Threshold
(225,000)
Target
(125,000)
Maximum
(25,000)
FY23 Grant Achievement
133%
Fiscal 2024 | Annual Long Term Incentive Award Grant Issuance
All NEOs, who were employed by the Company at the start of Fiscal 2024, participated in the Company’s LTIP. Initially adopted by the Board for Fiscal 2021, the Company’s leadership team, including the NEOs, receive annual long-term incentive (“LTI”) grants. For the CEO, these grants consist of 75% Options and 25% RSUs, while for all other NEOs, the grants are composed of 50% Options and 50% RSUs. The NEOs received the following grants in respect of their annual LTI with options being issued on June 28, 2023, and RSU being issued on August 22, 2023:
Individual
Option (#)
Share-Based Awards (#)
David Klein | CEO
1,244,729
235,821
Judy Hong | CFO
264,903
150,563
Christelle Gedeon | CLO
164,274
90,937
Each of the Options granted has a six-year term, subject to earlier termination upon the occurrence of certain events related to termination of employment, as specified in the form of option agreement pursuant to which the Options were granted (the “Option Grant Agreement”). One-third of the Options become exercisable on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the terms of the Option Grant Agreement. The Options will continue to vest upon the Retirement (as that term is defined in the Option Grant Agreement) of the recipient at any time after December 28, 2023, and prior to June 28, 2026, and will vest 30 days after the recipient’s service with Canopy Growth terminates due to the recipient’s death or Disability (as that term is defined in the Option Grant Agreement). The exercise price of each Option is C$6.20 (US$4.70 converted at Bloomberg spot rate for June 28, 2023), which is equal to the closing price of the Shares on the TSX on June 28, 2023.
Options will vest in equal tranches annually in thirds, with the vest dates occurring on June 28, 2024, 2025 and 2026. RSUs will vest in equal tranches annually in thirds, with the vest occurring on August 22, 2024, 2025 and 2026.
Fiscal 2025 | Long Term Incentive Award Plan Design
For Fiscal 2025, the Board, based on the recommendation of the CCGN Committee, has decided to maintain the same annual grant percentages for NEOs (salary X accrual %). Additional details pertaining to Mr. Klein’s Fiscal 2025 equity award can be found under, “Fiscal 2025 | CEO Compensation Updates” .
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Individual
Total LTI Accrual
(% of salary)
RSU
(% of salary)
Stock Option
(% of salary)
David Klein | CEO
400%
100%
300%
Judy Hong | CFO
300%
150%
150%
Christelle Gedeon | CLO
200%
100%
100%
Fiscal 2025 | CEO Compensation Updates
For Fiscal 2025, Mr. Klein approached the Compensation Committee with recommendations to align his compensation package to reflect the Company’s size, scale and market capitalization. These adjustments reflect ongoing efforts to optimize executive compensation structures that are in line with corporate objectives, market conditions, and shareholder interests.
Effective June 8th, 2024, Mr. Klein's base salary will be adjusted from US$975,000 to US$750,000 aligning Mr. Klein’s base salary to the 50th percentile of our U.S. based peer population. Mr. Klein’s annual short-term incentive target of 125% and long-term incentive target of 400% will now be calculated against his new base salary. This overall reduction in compensation aligns with the Company’s compensation philosophy disclosed above and is aimed at ensuring competitiveness in the executive compensation landscape while prudently managing cash costs.
In Fiscal 2025, in addition to the long-term incentive award he is entitled to under the Klein Agreement discussed above, Mr. Klein will receive a one-time equity grant valued at US$500,000 divided equally between Options and RSUs, with both the Options and the RSUs each vesting one year from the grant date.
In addition to the Compensation adjustments noted above, severance provisions of Mr. Klein’s employment agreement has been modified to maintain the total approximate value as his current agreement. Mr. Klein’s employment agreement will now include a fixed distribution of $1,950,000, instead of the previous provision of two times his base salary. Furthermore, Mr. Klein will now be eligible for a severance benefit of 2.5 times the average actual Short-Term Incentive (STI) amount paid to him over the previous two years, replacing the previous calculation of two times. Mr. Klein maintains eligibility for all Change in Control provisions specified within the Company Omnibus Incentive Plan.
Peer Groups and Compensation Benchmarking
With the engagement of our executive compensation consultant Mercer, the CGCN Committee re-evaluated Canopy Growth’s publicly-traded peer group in Fiscal 2023. We believe this new peer group continues to reflect the current reality of Canopy Growth and the cannabis industry and the companies we compete with for talent.
In Fiscal 2023, on the recommendation of the CGCN Committee, the Board approved the use of two distinct groups of publicly-traded peers to inform the setting of target total direct compensation levels for NEOs. The first group includes similarly-sized Canadian consumer-focused industry comparators, including cannabis companies, while the second group includes similarly-sized U.S. CPG and also includes companies in the cannabis industry. These groups include organizations that the Company would potentially compete with for talent. The criterion used to select the peer group are as follows:
• Publicly traded company
• Market capitalization between approximately 1/3 and 3 times that of the Company at the time of the review in early Fiscal 2023 (with the Company positioned at or near median), and
• Operating within the consumer discretionary, consumer staples or pharmaceuticals industries
The peers selected for benchmarking executive compensation are:
Company Name
Cannabis
Peer Group
Global Industry Classification Sub-Industry
Canada Goose Holdings Inc.
CAN
Apparel, Accessories and Luxury Goods
Pet Valu Holdings Ltd.
CAN
Specialty Stores
Jamieson Wellness Inc.
CAN
Personal Products
SNDL Inc.
●
CAN
Pharmaceuticals
Village Farms International, Inc.
●
CAN
Agricultural Products - produce cannabis
Andrew Peller Limited
CAN
Distillers and Vintners
High Tide Inc.
●
CAN
Pharmaceuticals
Goodfood Market Corp.
CAN
Internet and Direct Marketing Retail
Cronos Group Inc.
●
CAN
Pharmaceuticals
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Company Name
Cannabis
Peer Group
Global Industry Classification Sub-Industry
Aurora Cannabis Inc.
●
CAN
Pharmaceuticals
Tilray Brands, Inc.
●
US
Pharmaceuticals
WW International, Inc.
US
Specialized Consumer Services
Green Thumb Industries Inc.
●
US
Pharmaceuticals
SunOpta Inc.
US
Packaged Foods and Meats
MGP Ingredients, Inc.
US
Distillers and Vintners
Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
US
Pharmaceuticals
Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc.
US
Personal Care Products
Ascend Wellness Holdings, Inc.
●
US
Personal Care Products
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
US
Pharmaceuticals
(1) Effective April 1, 2024, Beyond Meat, Inc. and Throne Health Tech, Inc. have been removed from the peer group. This adjustment reflects our commitment to maintaining a relevant and comparable peer group composition in line with evolving market dynamics.
In addition to its review of peer group executive compensation data, the CGCN Committee uses executive compensation survey data to supplement its review, and when insufficient peer group data is available for specific executive positions or as another means of performing a market check on executive compensation levels and practices. This information assists the CGCN Committee in making well-informed decisions regarding executive compensation matters.
Executive Compensation Risk Management
The Board considers and assesses, as necessary, the implications of risks associated with the Company’s compensation policies and practices and devotes such time and resources as it believes are appropriate given the Company’s current stage of development. The Company’s practice during Fiscal 2024 of compensating its senior executives through a mix of base salary, short-term incentives and long-term incentives, provided under the Omnibus Incentive Plan, is designed to mitigate risk by: (i) ensuring that the Company retains such executives; and (ii) aligning the interests of its executives with the short-term and long-term objectives of the Company and its Shareholders. The CGCN Committee monitors the Company’s compensation practices and policies at least annually and more often as may be required to deal with issues that arise between annual reviews. During Fiscal 2024, the Board did not identify any significant risks arising from the Company’s compensation policies and practices that the Board believed were reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.
The table below outlines key elements of the Company’s compensation risk management framework:
Risk Mitigating Compensation Practices
• Conduct an annual review of the Company’s compensation practices to ensure that the Company compensates its key employees appropriately to retain executives with critical skills.
• Deliver a significant majority of each executive’s compensation through “at-risk” instruments that create a clear link between pay and performance, align executive interests with those of Shareholders and help incentivize executives to drive Shareholder value.
• Defer a significant portion of each executive’s compensation through the application of multi-year time vesting conditions on long-term incentive equity awards. Options and RSUs vest over three years and PSUs cliff vest at the end of three years.
• Cap annual short-term incentive payouts to discourage excessive risk-taking.
• Adopt guidelines regarding share ownership for the CEO and other NEOs set at 5 times annual base salary for the CEO and at 3 times annual base salary for the rest of the NEOs.
• Have trading guidelines that restrict executives and directors from entering into transactions that have the direct or indirect effect of offsetting (hedging) the economic benefits of owning Company securities.
• Hold an annual say-on-pay advisory vote which provides Shareholders with a mechanism to share their views on the Company’s executive pay practices.
• Receive independent, third-party advice directly from an external compensation consultant.
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Risk Mitigating Compensation Practices
• Maintain a clawback policy, outlined in the Omnibus Incentive Plan, whereby the Board may require the reimbursement, reduction or cancellation of an award for (i) failing to comply with any obligation to the Company, (ii) termination for cause, (iii) conduct that causes material financial or reputational harm to the Company or its affiliates, (iv) willful misconduct, gross negligence or fraud or (v) restatement of its financial statements resulting in negative impacts to the Company’s financial results. In addition, the Board recently adopted a standalone clawback policy that provides for the recoupment of certain executive compensation in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under U.S. federal securities laws.
Results of Fiscal 2023 Say-On-Pay Vote
Canopy Growth’s compensation program for its executive management team is designed to drive Shareholder value and to effectively attract and retain talent. Each year, we conduct a Shareholder advisory vote to approve the compensation of our NEOs as disclosed in our proxy statement for our annual meeting of shareholders (a “say-on-pay” vote). At our 2023 annual general and special meeting of shareholders, our Shareholders approved our NEO compensation at that time, with approximately 91.8% of the vote being cast in favor of approval. Given these results, the CGCN Committee has decided to retain our overall approach to executive compensation while continuing to evaluate our practices frequently, including in response to future say-on-pay votes. The CGCN Committee continues to monitor further stakeholder feedback, Company performance, and market developments for potential further improvements to the Company’s compensation structure for executive officers. The Company expects to have its next “say-on-pay” vote at its 2024 annual meeting of shareholders (the “2024 Annual Meeting”).
Performance Graph
The following performance graph illustrates the Company’s cumulative Shareholder return assuming reinvestment of dividends, by comparing a C$100 investment in the Shares beginning April 1, 2019 to the return on the S&P/TSX Composite Index and the Horizons Marijuana Life Sciences Index ETF.
March 31,
2019
March 31, 2020
March 31, 2021
March 31, 2022
March 31, 2023
March 31, 2024
Canopy Growth Corporation
C$100.00
C$36.05
C$70.82
C$16.70
C$4.18
C$2.05
S&P/TSX Composite Index
C$100.00
C$82.44
C$117.02
C$134.89
C$123.86
C$136.60
Horizons Marijuana Life Sciences Index ETF
C$100.00
C$27.64
C$56.52
C$26.58
C$12.11
C$12.66
Since April 1, 2019, the Share price performance declined because of considerable volatility in the cannabis sector resulting from a multitude of factors, including, among others, poor supply discipline along the cannabis supply chain resulting in ballooning inventories despite facility rationalization amongst the larger licensed producers in Canada (1) and in 2022, rising energy costs
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contributed to increased operating costs depressing margins. Relative stock underperformance was even more pronounced given that prices of commodities have been elevated and rising since Fiscal 2021, supporting the S&P TSX performance causing a significant shift in investor sentiment on growth stocks like cannabis. The relative underperformance continued throughout fiscal 2024, but given recent developments in the U.S., a reversal of the decline occurred at the end of Fiscal 2024 and helped stem the overall decline for the year.
While our Share price has been volatile due in part to the evolving state of the cannabis industry, our executive compensation remains competitive as we aim to attract and retain an experienced executive team whose compensation is tied to a variety of metrics including long-term profit improvement and Share price appreciation. Executive compensation for Fiscal 2024 remains aligned with financial performance and the Shareholder experience to the end of Fiscal 2024, evidenced by a significant decrease in realizable equity compensation held by executives. For further discussion on this point, please refer above to “ PSU Metric Details and Certification Results ”.
(1) Canada’s unsolved inventory ballooned to an all-time high of 1.5 billion grams at the end of 2022 (https://mjbizdaily.com/canadas-unsold-cannabis-inventory-balloons-to-1-5-billion-grams/); (https://mjbizdaily.com/canadian-wholesale-cannabis-prices-fall-more-more-than-40-percent-in-2022/)
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COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
The members of the CGCN Committee have reviewed and discussed the contents of the CD&A with management. Based on such review and discussion with management, and subject to the limitations on the role and responsibility of the CGCN Committee, the CGCN Committee recommended to the Board that the CD&A be included in the Company’s Form 10-K and in the proxy statement issued in connection with the 2024 Annual Meeting.
Respectfully submitted by the members of the CGCN Committee
Theresa Yanofsky (Chair)
David Lazzarato
Luc Mongeau
The foregoing Compensation Committee Report shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material,” deemed “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of the Company’s filings under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act that might incorporate by reference past or future filings, including this Form 10-K, in whole or in part, the foregoing Compensation Committee Report shall not be incorporated by reference into any such filings.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Currency Conversion
Certain of the NEO’s employment agreements specify payments in U.S. dollars, while others specify payments in Canadian dollars. Where payments are made in Canadian dollars throughout this section, we have converted Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars using the Bloomberg average exchange rates for the relevant 12-month period as specified in the bullets below. Share-based currency conversion calculations are represented as of the applicable award date using the Bloomberg exchange rate for the date of the award.
• Fiscal 2024 of C$1.00 to US$0.7386 for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2024;
• Fiscal 2023 of C$1.00 to US$0.7564 for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2023; and
• Fiscal 2022 of C$1.00 to US$0.7976 for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2022.
Share Consolidation
On December 15, 2023, the Company's share consolidation on the basis of one post-consolidation common share for every 10 pre-consolidation common share became effective (the "Share Consolidation"). All issued and outstanding common shares, per share amounts, and outstanding equity instruments and awards exercisable into common shares below have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Share Consolidation for all prior periods presented.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the compensation for Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2023 and Fiscal 2024 awarded to, earned by, or paid to the NEOs.
Name and Principal Position
Fiscal Year
Salary
Bonus (1)
Stock
awards (2)
Option awards (2)
Non-equity incentive plan compensation (1)
All other compensation (3)
Total
David Klein, CEO
2024
975,000
-
974,997
3,631,643
1,921,169
102,282
7,605,091
2023
975,000
687,711
1,645,450
3,056,810
-
94,550
6,459,521
2022
975,000
-
1,547,706
1,919,484
-
99,700
4,541,890
Judy Hong, CFO (4)
2024
410,960
-
622,499
772,886
486,685
10,033
2,303,063
2023
391,221
167,167
499,962
1,583,184
-
-
2,641,533
2022
283,744
100,000 (5)
75,414
375,550
-
-
834,708
Christelle Gedeon, CLO (6)
2024
383,454
-
375,977
479,289
454,884
-
1,693,604
2023
232,812
157,444 (7)
357,668
554,908
-
-
1,302,831
2022
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes:
(1) Fiscal 2023 short-term incentive payments were included in the bonus section given discretion was applied to adjust certain performance metrics in the STIP. Fiscal 2024 short-term incentive payments are included in the non-equity incentive plan compensation section. See above “Short-Term Incentives – Fiscal 2024 STIP Performance Criteria & Results in this Item 11. The amounts for Fiscal 2024 are expected to be paid by July 12, 2024.
(2) The amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the relevant award(s) presented, as determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” See note 21 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31,2023 regarding assumptions underlying valuation of equity awards.
(3) Consists of C$125,000 in annual perquisite allowance to be spent at Mr. Klein’s discretion and $9,957 in 401(k) employer match in Fiscal 2024. Ms. Hong received $10,033 in 401(k) employer match in Fiscal 2024.
(4) Ms. Hong was appointed as interim CFO on November 19, 2021 and CFO on April 1, 2022.
(5) Consists of US$100,000 paid to Ms. Hong as an additional incentive bonus payment for serving as interim CFO.
(6) Dr. Gedeon was appointed as CLO on August 1, 2022, and her compensation relates to the portion of Fiscal 2023 during which she was employed with the Company.
(7) Consists of C$65,000 (US$49,166) plus C$6,500 (US$4,917) associated vacation pay for a one-time signing bonus, plus pro-rated discretionary short-term incentive payout C$136,649 (US$103,361).
Grants of Plan-Based Awards in Fiscal 2024
The following table sets forth the grants of plan-based awards made in Fiscal 2024. Non-equity incentive plan awards listed below were made pursuant to the terms of the respective NEO’s employment agreement. All equity incentive plan awards were made pursuant to the terms of the respective NEO’s employment agreement and the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
Name
Grant
Date
Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan (2)
Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards
All other stock awards: Number of shares of stock or units ( #)
All other option awards: Number of securities underlying options (#)
Exercise or base price of option awards
($/Sh)
Grant date fair value of stock and option awards (1)
Threshold ($)
Target
($)
Max
($)
Threshold (#)
Target
(#)
Max
(#)
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David Klein
1-Apr-23
$0
$1,218,750
$2,437,500
-
-
-
28-Jun-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,244,729
$4.70
$3,631,643
22-Aug-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
235,821
$4.13
$974,997
Judy Hong
1-Apr-23
$0
$308,743
$617,486
-
-
-
28-Jun-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
264,903
$4.70
$772,886
22-Aug-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
150,563
$4.13
$622,499
Christelle Gedeon
1-Apr-23
$0
$288,568
$577,136
-
-
-
28-Jun-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
132,016
$4.70
$382,511
28-Jun-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
32,258
$4.70
$96,778
22-Aug-23
-
-
-
-
-
-
90,937
$4.13
$375,977
Notes:
(1) The amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the relevant award(s) presented, as determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” See Note 22 of the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K, regarding assumptions underlying valuation of equity awards.
(2) The amounts shown in these columns reflect the short-term cash incentive bonuses that potentially could have been earned during Fiscal 2024 based upon the achievement of Company performance goals under our Short-Term Incentive Plan. The actual award paid to each named executive officer under the STIP for Fiscal 2024 is set forth above in the Summary Compensation Table in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column. More information regarding short-term cash incentive bonuses under our STIP can be found in the CD&A under the heading “Short-Term Incentives”.
Employment Agreements
David Klein
Mr. Klein serves as CEO of the Company pursuant to an employment agreement between Mr. Klein and the Company dated December 8, 2019, as amended on June 8, 2021, June 14, 2022 and June 8, 2024 (the “Klein Agreement”). As CEO, Mr. Klein reports to the Board and, effective June 8, 2024, is entitled to a base salary of US$750,000 (or approximately C$1,015,435) per year, subject to review by the Board on an annual basis, and an annual perquisite allowance of C$125,000 (or approximately US$99,700).
Mr. Klein is eligible for a short-term annual incentive performance bonus of 125% of base salary (the “Klein Target Amount”), with a payout range of up to two times the Klein Target Amount based upon the achievement of certain mutually developed financial, operational, strategic and individual performance objectives approved by the Board.
Mr. Klein is also entitled to participate in the Omnibus Incentive Plan. Pursuant to the Klein Agreement, Mr. Klein is eligible to receive an annual long-term award grant equal to 400% of base salary (using the fair market value of the Shares on the date of grant), which may be comprised of Options, RSUs, PSUs and/or any other form of equity authorized by the Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Board, in its sole discretion, may determine the ratio of the various forms of equity that Mr. Klein is entitled to receive pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan. In Fiscal 2025, Mr. Klein will receive a one-time equity grant valued at US$500,000 divided equally between Options and RSUs, with both the Options and the RSUs each vesting one year from the grant date.
Pursuant to the Klein Agreement, Mr. Klein received a grant of Options on December 6, 2019 equal to C$20,000,000 (or approximately US$15,952,000) (using the fair market value of the Options on the date of grant, based on the closing price of the Shares on December 6, 2019) (the “Klein Inducement Grant”). The Company granted Mr. Klein Options to purchase 161,812 Shares at an exercise price of C$247.20 (US$186.50) per Share pursuant to the Klein Inducement Grant.
The Klein Inducement Grant vests on the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to meeting the following conditions: (a) 33.5% of the Options will vest only if during any 90-day period during the term of the Klein Inducement Grant, the average closing Share price on the TSX has appreciated by a minimum of 50% from the date of grant; (b) 33.5% of the Options will vest only if as at the end of any fiscal year during the term of the Klein Inducement Grant, audited annual revenue of C$2.5 billion (or approximately US$2.0 billion) is achieved by the Company for such fiscal year, as confirmed by the auditors of the Company; and (c) 33% of the Options will vest only if as at the end of any fiscal year during the term of the Klein Inducement Grant, a C$100 million (or approximately US$80 million) CAET (as defined below) is achieved by the Company for such fiscal year, as confirmed by the auditors of the Company. The Options granted under the Klein Inducement Grant have a six-year term.
“CAET” means for any fiscal year of the Company, Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) for such fiscal year further adjusted to remove any individual non-core market with negative Adjusted EBITDA outside of the Company’s core markets, which for greater certainty, for the purposes of the Klein Agreement, are Canada, UK, Spain, Denmark, Chile and Brazil, as long as the negative Adjusted EBITDA is in-line with the Board approved plan for such removed market.
“Adjusted EBITDA” means, for any fiscal year of the Company, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization of the Company as set forth in the financial statements for the Company for such fiscal year then ended, adjusted to exclude share-based compensation expense, acquisition related costs including stock based compensation, and other non-cash items pursuant to past practices and approved by the Audit Committee.
Pursuant to the Klein Agreement, upon the creation of a retirement plan by the Company, the Company will contribute C$40,000 (or approximately US$31,900) per annum on Mr. Klein’s behalf to the applicable plan. The Company also agreed to reimburse Mr. Klein up to C$20,000 (or approximately US$15,900) for tax and legal advice in connection with the Klein Agreement.
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The Company may terminate the Klein Agreement at any time for reasons other than cause or willful misconduct by providing (a) a lump sum payment equal to $1,950,000; (b) 2.5 times the average actual amounts paid as a short-term annual incentive performance bonus during the prior two years; (c) any statutory severance pay that may be required pursuant to the Employment Standards Act, 2000 (Ontario) (the “ESA”); (d) the continuation of benefits for a period of two years from the date of termination (it being understood that a payment will be made equal to the premium cost for any such benefits that cannot be continued); (e) the vesting of any outstanding PSUs, at actual performance levels, for all years already certified by the Board or any responsible committee thereof; and (f) any other statutorily prescribed benefit. As a condition to receiving any payments which exceed the statutory entitlements upon termination without cause, Mr. Klein will be required to execute a release in favor of the Company.
The Klein Agreement contains certain non-competition and non-solicitation provisions in favor of the Company for a period of 12 months following the termination of the Klein Agreement.
Judy Hong
In connection with Ms. Hong’s appointment as CFO of the Company, on April 1, 2022, the Company and Ms. Hong entered into an employment agreement dated March 24, 2022 (the “Hong Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Hong Agreement, as CFO, Ms. Hong reports to the CEO of the Company was initially entitled to a base salary of US$395,000 (or approximately C$495,200) per year.
Ms. Hong is eligible for a short-term annual incentive performance bonus of 75% of her base salary (the “Hong Target Amount”), with a payout range of up to two times the Hong Target Amount based upon the achievement of certain mutually developed financial, operational, strategic and individual performance objectives approved by the Board.
Ms. Hong is also entitled to participate in the Omnibus Incentive Plan. Pursuant to the Hong Agreement, Ms. Hong is eligible to receive, at least once every fiscal year, a long-term award grant equal to 300% of her base salary (using the fair market value of the Shares on the date of grant), which may be comprised of Options, RSUs, PSUs and/or any other form of award authorized by the Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Board, in its sole discretion, may determine the ratio of the various forms of awards that Ms. Hong is entitled to receive pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
Pursuant to the Hong Agreement, Ms. Hong’s employment with the Company is “at will.” If the Company terminates Ms. Hong’s employment without cause, then, provided that Ms. Hong signs and returns to the Company a full and final employment separation, release and waiver of liability, the Company will provide (a) a lump sum payment equal to 18 months’ of Ms. Hong’s base salary, which shall be payable no later than two and a half months following the end of the calendar year in which the termination occurs; (b) a lump sum payment equal to 150% of the average actual annual amounts paid to Ms. Hong as a short-term annual incentive performance bonus during the prior two years, which shall be payable no later than two and a half months following the end of the calendar year in which the termination occurs; (c) any outstanding PSUs will vest at actual performance levels for all years already certified by the Board or any responsible committee thereof; and (d) if Ms. Hong were to elect continuation coverage under the Company’s medical plan pursuant to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (“COBRA”), a reimbursement to Ms. Hong for a portion of the COBRA premium payments as further described in the Hong Agreement. The Company may also terminate Ms. Hong’s employment with cause, without further liability to Ms. Hong.
The Hong Agreement contains certain non-competition and non-solicitation provisions in favor of the Company for a period of 18 months following the termination of the Hong Agreement.
The Hong Agreement was modified for Fiscal 2024 to reflect an annualized salary of US$415,000.
Christelle Gedeon
In connection with Dr. Gedeon’s appointment as Chief Legal Officer (CLO) of the Company, on August 1, 2022, the Company and Dr. Gedeon entered into an employment agreement (the “Gedeon Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Gedeon Agreement, as CLO, Dr. Gedeon reports to the CEO of the Company was initially entitled to a base salary of C$485,000 (or approximately US$366,854), and was paid C$65,000 (or approximately US$49,166) as a signing bonus.
Dr. Gedeon is eligible for a short-term annual incentive performance bonus of 75% of her base salary (the “Gedeon Target Amount”), with a payout range of up to two times the Gedeon Target Amount based upon the achievement of certain mutually developed financial, operational, strategic and individual performance objectives approved by the Board.
Dr. Gedeon is also entitled to participate in the Omnibus Incentive Plan. Pursuant to the Gedeon Agreement, Dr. Gedeon is eligible to receive, at least once every fiscal year, a long-term award grant equal to 200% of her base salary (using the fair market value of the Shares on the date of grant), which may be comprised of Options, RSUs, PSUs and/or any other form of award authorized by the Omnibus Incentive Plan. The Board, in its sole discretion, may determine the ratio of the various forms of awards that Dr. Gedeon is entitled to receive pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
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If the Company terminates Dr. Gedeon’s employment without cause, then, provided that Dr. Gedeon signs and returns to the Company a full and final employment separation, release and waiver of liability, the Company will provide (a) a lump sum payment equal to 18 months’ Dr. Gedeon’s base salary; (b) a lump sum payment equal to 150% of the average actual annual amounts paid to Dr. Gedeon as a short-term annual incentive performance bonus during the prior two years, (c) any outstanding PSUs will vest at actual performance levels for all years already certified by the Board or any responsible committee thereof; and the continuation of any statutorily prescribed benefits for the minimum amount of time prescribed by the provisions of the ESA. The Company may also terminate Dr. Gedeon’s employment with cause, without further liability to Dr. Gedeon.
The Gedeon Agreement contains certain non-competition and non-solicitation provisions in favor of the Company for a period of 18 months following the termination of the Gedeon Agreement.
The Gedeon Agreement was modified effective June 1, 2023, to reflect a salary of C$509,250 (or approximately US$385,196) per year. Additionally the Gedeon Agreement was further modified, effective August 21, 2023, due to an increase in scope and responsibility, to reflect a salary of C$535,000 (or approximately US$395,151) per year.
Outstanding Equity Awards at March 31, 2024
The following table presents information concerning outstanding Options, RSUs, and PSU awards to each of the NEOs as of March 31, 2024, the Company’s fiscal year end .
Name
Grant Date (1)
Option Awards
Stock Awards
Number of securities underlying unexercised options - (#) exercisable
Number of securities underlying unexercised options - (#) unexercisable
Equity incentive plan awards: number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options (#)
Option exercise price ($)
Option expiration date
Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested (#)
Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested ($) (2)
Equity incentive plan awards: number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested (#)
Equity incentive plan awards: market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested
($) (2)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
David Klein
6-Dec-19 (3)
53,938
-
107,874
186.50
6-Dec-25
-
-
-
-
27-Mar-20
18,348
-
-
145.90
27-Mar-26
-
-
-
-
9-Jun-21
9,299
4,649
-
257.40
9-Jun-27
-
-
-
-
9-Jun-21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,578
48,162
14-Jun-22
33,263
66,524
-
37.40
14-Jun-28
-
-
-
-
14-Jun-22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
44,903
387,703
22-Nov-22
12,475
24,949
-
40.20
22-Nov-28
-
-
-
-
28-Jun-23
-
1,244,729
-
4.70
28-Jun-29
-
-
-
-
22-Aug-23
-
-
-
-
-
235,821
2,036,134
-
-
Judy Hong
24-Dec-19
3,486
-
-
199.60
24-Dec-25
-
-
-
-
27-Mar-20
564
-
-
145.90
27-Mar-26
-
-
-
-
9-Jun-21
272
136
-
257.40
9-Jun-27
-
-
-
-
9-Jun-21
-
-
-
-
-
102
881
-
-
3-Dec-21
3,541
1,770
-
99.90
3-Dec-27
-
-
-
-
14-Jun-22
10,107
20,213
-
37.40
14-Jun-28
-
-
-
-
14-Jun-22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13,644
117,805
22-Nov-22
12,475
24,949
-
40.20
22-Nov-28
-
-
-
-
28-Jun-23
-
264,903
-
4.70
28-Jun-29
-
-
-
-
22-Aug-23
-
-
-
-
-
150,563
1,299,996
-
-
Christelle Gedeon
10-Aug-22
5,406
10,810
-
28.90
10-Aug-28
-
-
-
-
10-Aug-22
3,334
6,666
-
28.90
10-Aug-28
-
-
-
-
17-Aug-22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9,759
84,261
22-Nov-22
1,664
3,326
-
40.20
22-Nov-28
-
-
-
-
28-Jun-23
-
32,258
-
4.70
28-Jun-29
-
-
-
-
28-Jun-23
-
132,016
-
4.70
28-Jun-29
-
-
-
-
22-Aug-23
-
-
-
-
-
90,937
785,171
-
-
Notes:
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, with respect to all of the outstanding Options, RSUs and PSUs awarded to the NEOs as of March 31, 2022 one-third of each grant will vest on each of the first three annual anniversaries of the date of the grant, subject to the continued employment of the respective NEO.
(2) The market value of the unvested stock awards is calculated by multiplying the number of unvested Shares held by the applicable NEO by the closing price of the Shares on March 28, 2024 (the last trading day of Fiscal 2024) on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, which was US$8.63.
(3) These Options will vest on the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to meeting the following conditions: (a) 33.5% of the Options will vest only if during any 90-day period during the term of the Klein Inducement Grant, the average closing Share price on the TSX has appreciated by a minimum of
137
50% from the date of grant; (b) 33.5% of the Options will vest only if as at the end of any fiscal year during the term of the Klein Inducement Grant, audited annual revenue of C$2.5 billion (or approximately US$2.0 billion) is achieved by the Company for such fiscal year, as confirmed by the auditors of the Company; and (c) 33% of the Options will vest only if as at the end of any fiscal year during the term of the Klein Inducement Grant, a C$100 million (or approximately US$80 million) CAET is achieved by the Company for such fiscal year, as confirmed by the auditors of the Company.
Option Exercises and Stock Vested in Fiscal 2024
The following table presents information concerning Option exercises and Shares acquired upon vesting of RSU awards by each of our NEOs in Fiscal 2024:
Option awards
Stock awards
Name
Number of shares
acquired on exercise
(#)
Value realized
on exercise
($) (1)
Number of shares
acquired on vesting
(#)
Value realized
on vesting
($) (2)
David Klein
-
-
3,540
13,752
Judy Hong
-
-
243
944
Christelle Gedeon
-
-
-
-
Notes:
(1) These amounts reflect the aggregate of the differences between the exercise price of the Option and the market price of a Share at the time of exercise for each Option exercised by a named executive officer in Fiscal 2024.
(2) These amounts reflect the market price on the vesting date.
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control
A narrative description of the individual payments the Company is currently required to make upon termination or a change in control of the Company is described above under “Employment Agreements”.
The following table sets forth the details regarding the estimated payments from the Company to each of the NEOs, assuming termination without cause was effective on March 31, 2024, based on their employment agreements in effect at such time and assuming no change-in-control:
Individual
Cash Payment ($)
Accelerated Awards ($) (4)
Benefits ($) (5)
Total ($)
David Klein | CEO
$2,637,711 (1)
$55,121
$40,910
$2,733,743
Judy Hong | CFO
$747,875 (2)
$13,089
$35,802
$796,767
Christelle Gedeon | CLO
$731,740 (3)
$9,368
$4,504
$745,612
Notes:
(1) Upon termination without cause effective March 31, 2024, Mr. Klein would have been entitled to a payment in the amount of $2,637,711, representing two times his base salary plus two times the average actual amounts paid as short-term annual incentive performance bonus during the prior two years.
(2) Upon termination without cause effective March 31, 2024, Ms. Hong would have been entitled to a payment in the amount of $747,875 representing 18 months base salary plus one and a half times the average actual amounts paid as short-term annual incentive performance bonuses to Ms. Hong during the prior two years.
(3) Upon termination without cause effective March 31, 2024, Dr. Gedeon would have been entitled to a payment in the amount of $731,740, representing 18 months base salary plus one and a half times the average actual amounts paid as short-term annual incentive performance bonuses to Dr. Gedeon during the prior two years, as well as two weeks of statutorily prescribed vacation time.
(4) Upon termination without cause effective March 31, 2024, any unvested PSUs at actual performance levels, for all years already certified by the Board or any responsible committee thereof, held by Mr. Klein, Ms. Hong and Dr. Gedeon immediately vest. The value was calculated based on the closing price of the Shares on March 28, 2024 (the last trading day of Fiscal 2024) on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, which was US$8.63.
(5) As of March 31, 2024, Mr. Klein, Ms. Hong, and Dr. Gedeon are participants in Canopy Growth’s benefits plan. Upon termination without cause effective March 31, 2024, Mr. Klein’s benefits would continue for a period of two years. Upon termination without cause effective March 31, 2024, if Ms. Hong were to elect continuation coverage under the Company’s medical plan pursuant to the COBRA, a reimbursement to Ms. Hong for a portion of COBRA premium payments would be required. Upon termination without cause effective March 31, 2024, Dr. Gedeon would receive the statutorily prescribed benefits as set forth in the ESA.
Subject to the specific terms of the NEOs’ respective employment agreements, upon a termination of the NEO without cause, Options, RSUs and other Awards will be treated in accordance with the terms of the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
Potential Payments Upon Termination Following a Change in Control
None of the NEOs are entitled to a payment upon a change of control pursuant to the terms of their respective employment agreements. However, pursuant to the terms of Omnibus Incentive Plan, for a period of 18 months following a Change in Control (as defined in the Omnibus Incentive Plan), where a participant’s employment or term of office or engagement is terminated for any reason, other than for Cause (as defined in the Omnibus Incentive Plan): (i) any unvested awards as at the date of such termination shall be deemed to have vested, and any period of restriction shall be deemed to have lapsed, as at the date of such termination and shall become payable as at the date of termination; and (ii) the level of achievement of performance goals for any unvested awards that are deemed to have vested pursuant to (i) above, shall be based on the actual performance achieved at the end of the applicable period immediately prior to the date of termination.
The table below shows the payments that would be made to NEOs upon each of their terminations within 18 months of a Change in Control. With the exception of the “Accelerated Awards ($)” and “Total ($)” columns, all amounts in the table below are the same as in the “ Potential Payments Upon Termination ” table above and all footnotes to the “Cash Payment ($)” and “Benefits ($)”
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columns of the “ Potential Payments Upon Termination ” table above apply equally to the corresponding columns in the table below. Given the represented date of March 31st, 2024, the below table does not reflect the compensation changes associated with Mr. Klein.
Termination within 18 Months Following Change In Control
Individual
Cash Payment ($)
Accelerated Awards ($) (1)
Benefits ($)
Total ($)
David Klein | CEO
$2,637,711
$7,519,268
$40,910
$10,197,889
Judy Hong | CFO
$747,875
$2,492,841
$35,802
$3,276,518
Christelle Gedeon | CLO
$731,740
$1,535,550
$4,504
$2,271,794
Notes:
(1) Reflect unvested RSU, PSU, and Option awards, which will be deemed to have vested. PSUs reflect previous years actual certified achievement factors, while uncertified awards reflect on-target amounts. The value was calculated based on the closing price of the Shares on March 28, 2024 (the last trading day of Fiscal 2024) on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, which was US$8.63.
CEO Pay Ratio and Background
Set forth below is the annual total compensation of our median employee, the annual total compensation of our CEO, Mr. Klein and the ratio of those two values:
• The Fiscal 2024 annual total compensation of the median employee of Canopy Growth (other than our CEO, Mr. Klein) was US$45,864 (or approximately C$62,096).
• The Fiscal 2024 annual total compensation of our CEO, Mr. Klein, was US$7,605,091 (or approximately C$10,296,630).
• For Fiscal 2024, the ratio of the annual total compensation of our CEO to the median annual total compensation of all our other employees was 165 to 1.
To identify our median employee, we used our entire employee population as of March 31, 2024, and measured compensation based on annualized base pay and bonuses, year-to-date overtime and other year-to-date cash wages including allowances.
After identifying our median employee, who is located in Canada, we calculated Fiscal 2024 total compensation using the same methodology that we use to determine our NEOs’ annual total compensation for the Summary Compensation Table. Amounts that were originally paid or recorded in Canadian dollars were converted to U.S. dollars using the Bloomberg average exchange rate of C$1.00 to US$0.7386 for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2024.
This pay ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with SEC rules based on our payroll and employment records, pursuant to the methodology described above. The SEC rules for identifying the median employee and calculating the pay ratio based on that employee’s annual total compensation allow companies to adopt a variety of methodologies, to apply certain exclusions, and to make reasonable estimates and assumptions that reflect their compensation practices. As such, the pay ratio reported by other companies may not be comparable to the pay ratio reported above, as other companies may have different employment and compensation practices and may use different methodologies, exclusions, estimates and assumptions in calculating their own pay ratios.
139
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Director Compensation
The Company’s director compensation program is designed to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on the Board. The CGCN Committee assesses the director compensation program annually and makes recommendations with respect to director compensation to the Board. For Fiscal 2024, non-employee directors received the following amounts in connection with their services to the Company in their capacity as directors:
Fiscal 2024 Fees and Equity Awards (1), (2)
Annual Amount
(US$)
Chair
$166,185 (C$225,000)
Board Member
$110,790 (C$150,000)
Annual Equity Grant - Chair - RSUs
$166,185 (C$225,000)
Annual Equity Grant - Non-Chair Board Member - RSUs
$110,790 (C$150,000)
Committee Chair
$22,158 (C$30,000)
Committee Member
$11,079 (C$15,000)
Notes:
(1) All fees are paid on a monthly basis. Mr. Hanson voluntarily waived his right to receive the Board approved director compensation from Fiscal 2020 onwards, Mr. Sabia voluntarily waived his right to receive the Board approved director compensation from Fiscal 2021 onwards. In addition, Mr. Hankinson waived his right to receive the Board approved director compensation from Fiscal 2022 onwards.
(2) The RSUs generally vest in four equal quarterly installments, beginning on the last trading day of the first quarter after such RSUs are granted. For Fiscal 2024, these grants were made in August instead of June due to a trading blackout.
Director Compensation in Fiscal 2024
Name
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash($) (1)
Stock Awards
($) (2)(3)
Total
($)
Judy A. Schmeling (former director)
$177,264
$166,185
$343,449
Theresa Yanofsky
$144,027
$110,790
$254,817
David Lazzarato
$144,027
$110,790
$254,817
Robert L. Hanson (former director)
Nil
Nil
Nil
James A. Sabia (former director)
Nil
Nil
Nil
Garth Hankinson (former director)
Nil
Nil
Nil
Willy Kruh
$43,947 (4)
$27,698
$71,644
Luc Mongeau
$37,299 (5)
$27,698
$64,997
Notes:
(1) This column reflects the following amounts earned or paid during Fiscal 2024 (i) a cash retainer for Board service and (ii) cash retainers for serving as a committee member, a committee Chair or Chair of the Board. Each of Messrs. Hanson, Sabia and Hankinson waived their respective right to receive the Board approved director compensation for Fiscal 2024.
(2) The amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the relevant award(s) presented, as determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” See Note 22 of the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K, regarding assumptions underlying valuation of equity awards.
(3) Consists of RSUs granted that all vested as of March 31, 2024.
(4) Willy Kruh earned US$21,000 in Fiscal 2024 for time spent serving as an observer. The remainder of the amount paid to Mr. Kruh reflects the portion of his Board and committee fees for his Board service from his appointment on February 7, 2024 to March 31, 2024.
(5) Luc Mongeau earned US$20,000 in Fiscal 2024 for time spent serving as an observer. The remainder of the amount paid to Mr. Mongeau reflects the portion of his Board and committee fees for his service from his appointment on February 7, 2024 to March 31, 2024.
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The following table sets forth information, based on data provided to us or filed with the SEC, with respect to beneficial ownership of our Shares as of May 1, 2024 for:
• all persons known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding Shares;
• each of our NEOs named in the Summary Compensation Table included in Item 10 (“Executive Compensation”) of this Form 10-K;
• each of our directors; and
• all of our current directors and executive officers as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC. Generally, a person has beneficial ownership of a security if the person possesses sole or shared voting or investment power of that security, including any securities that a person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. Except as otherwise indicated, all persons listed below have sole voting power and dispositive power with respect to the Shares beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
Number of Shares
Beneficially Owned
Percent of Class (2)
Greater than 5% Shareholders
CBI Group
26,261,474
(3)
25.9
%
Directors and Named Executive Officers
David Klein
705,584
(4)
*
David Lazzarato
17,042
(5)
*
Theresa Yanofsky
17,501
(6)
*
Luc Mongeau
6,673
(7)
*
Willy Kruh
6,673
(8)
—
Judy Hong
129,390
(9)
*
Christelle Gedeon
65,162
(10)
*
Current Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (7 persons)
948,025
*
Notes:
* Less than 1%.
(1) Except as otherwise indicated, the address for each shareholder listed is c/o Canopy Growth Corporation, 1 Hershey Drive, Smiths Falls, Ontario, K7A 0A8.
(2) The percentages above are based on 75,051,855 Common Shares outstanding as of May 1, 2024. In accordance with the rules of the SEC, Common Shares that may be issued upon the exercise, vesting or exchange of derivative securities (such as a Options, RSUs or Exchangeable Shares) within 60 days of May 1, 2024 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such Options, RSUs or Exchangeable Shares and are treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage beneficial ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage beneficial ownership of any other person.
(3) Consists of 15,811,474 Exchangeable Shares held by Greenstar Canada Investment Limited Partnership (“Greenstar”) and 10,450,000 Exchangeable Shares held by CBG Holdings LLC (“CBG”). According to the Schedule 13D/A (Amendment No. 13) (“13D/A#13”) filed with the SEC on April 19, 2024 by CBG, Greenstar II LLC (“GII”), Greenstar II Holdings LLC (“GIIH”), Greenstar, Greenstar Canada Investment Corporation (“GCIC”), Constellation Brands Canada Holdings ULC (“CBCH ULC”), Constellation Capital LLC (“CC LLC”), Constellation International Holdings Limited (“CIHL”) and Constellation Brands, Inc. (“CBI” and, together with its affiliates, the “CBI Group”), (i) each of Greenstar, GCIC, CBCH ULC, CC LLC and CIHL has shared voting and dispositive power over 15,811,474 Exchangeable Shares, (ii) each of CBG, GII, GIIH shares has shared voting and dispositive power over 10,450,000 Exchangeable Shares, and (iii) CBI has shared voting and dispositive power over 26,261,474 Exchangeable Shares. Each Exchangeable Share is convertible, at any time, at the option of the holder, into Common Shares. Other than information relating to the CBI Group’s percentage of beneficial ownership, the foregoing information is based solely on the information provided in 13D/A#13. This beneficial owner’s address is 207 High Point Drive, Victor, New York 14564.
(4) Consists of 17,566 Common Shares held directly by Mr. Klein and 688,018 Options that could be exercised within 60 days of May 1, 2024.
(5) Consists of 10,347 Common Shares held directly by Mr. Lazzarato and 6,695 RSUs that vest within 60 days of May 1, 2024.
(6) Consists of 10,806 Common Shares held directly by Ms. Yanofsky and 6,695 RSUs that vest within 60 days of May 1, 2024.
(7) Consists of RSUs that vest within 60 days of May 1, 2024.
(8) Consists of RSUs that vest within 60 days of May 1, 2024.
(9) Consists of 299 Common Shares held directly by Ms. Hong, 128,989 Options that could be exercised within 60 days of May 1, 2024, and 102 RSUs that will vest within 60 days of May 1, 2024.
(10) Consists of Options that could be exercised within 60 days of May 1, 2024 by Dr. Gedeon.
141
SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
The following table sets forth the details regarding the number of Shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding Options, RSUs and PSUs and the weighted average exercise price of the outstanding Options in connection with the Omnibus Incentive Plan as of March 31, 2024:
Plan Category
Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (2)
4,156,221 (3)
$35.88
4,955,329
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
-
-
Total
4,156,221
$35.88
4,955,329
Notes:
(1) Based on the maximum number of Shares available for issuance under the Omnibus Incentive Plan, being 9,111,550 Shares, or 10% of the 91,115,501 outstanding Shares as of March 31, 2024.
(2) The maximum number of Shares issuable from treasury pursuant to Awards under the Omnibus Incentive Plan cannot exceed 10% of the total outstanding Shares from time to time, less the 60,000 maximum number of Shares issuable pursuant to the Company's employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”), which is the only other security-based compensation arrangement of the Company. As of March 31, 2024, 59,993 Shares had been issued pursuant to the ESPP. The ESPP concluded in August 2023 as all of the common shares available have been purchased and we do not currently intend to reinstate the ESPP at this time.
(3) Represents the number of Shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise or vesting, as applicable, of the denoted outstanding Options, RSUs and PSUs issued pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
Securities Outstanding under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth the details regarding the number of Shares reserved for issuance under awards currently outstanding pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan and ESPP as of March 31, 2024:
Compensation Security
Number of Shares Reserved for Issuance and Percentage of Outstanding Shares
as of March 31, 2024 (1)
Options
2,883,922 (2.7%)
RSUs
1,191,841 (0.3%)
PSUs
80,458 (0.2%)
Total
4,156,221 (3.2%)
Notes:
(1) Percentages based on 91,115,501 issued and outstanding Shares as of March 31, 2024.
To date, no deferred stock units, restricted stock or stock appreciation rights have been issued pursuant to the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
We or one of our subsidiaries may occasionally enter into transactions with certain “related persons” as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K. Related persons include our executive officers, directors, director nominees, persons owning 5% or more of the Shares, immediate family members of these persons and entities in which one of these persons has a direct or indirect material interest. We generally refer to transactions with these related persons as “related person transactions”.
The CBI Group Investments
On November 2, 2017, Greenstar invested C$245 million (or approximately US$191 million, based on the foreign exchange rate as of the date of the transaction) in Canopy Growth in exchange for (i) 1,887,690 Shares; and (ii) 1,887,690 warrants exercisable at an exercise price per Share of C$129.783 (or approximately US$101.322) (the “Greenstar Warrants”).
In connection with our offering of senior notes of the Company due July 2023 (the “Canopy Notes”) pursuant to an indenture dated June 20, 2018, Greenstar purchased C$200 million (or approximately US$150 million) worth of Canopy Notes. Prior to the Company entering into a second supplemental indenture dated June 29, 2022, amending the terms of the Canopy Notes (the “Second Supplement”), the C$200 million principal amount of Canopy Notes held by Greenstar were convertible in certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions into an aggregate of 415,154 Shares. Pursuant to the Second Supplement, the Company irrevocably surrendered its right to settle the conversion of any Canopy Note by the issuance of Shares or a combination of cash and Shares.
On November 1, 2018, CBG invested C$5.079 billion (or approximately US$3.877 billion, based on the foreign exchange rate as of the date of the transaction) in Canopy Growth in exchange for (i) 10,450,000 Shares at a price of C$486.00 (or approximately US$370.90, based on the foreign exchange rate as of the date of the transaction) per Share, and (ii) 13,974,545 warrants (the “CBG Warrants”), of which 8,847,286 CBG Warrants (the “Original Tranche A Warrants”) had an exercise price of C$504.00 (or approximately US$385.20) and were exercisable until November 1, 2021 and the remaining 5,127,259 CBG Warrants (the “Original Tranche B Warrants”) had an exercise price per Share based on the five-day volume weighted average price of the Shares on the TSX at the time of exercise and will become immediately exercisable only following the exercise of the Original Tranche A Warrants.
On April 18, 2019, CBG, Greenstar and Canopy Growth entered into the second amended and restated investor rights agreement (the “Amended Investor Rights Agreement), which amended the first amended and restated investor rights agreement dated November 1, 2018 between CBG, Greenstar and Canopy Growth. In addition, on April 18, 2019, CBG and Canopy Growth entered into a consent agreement (the “Consent Agreement”). In connection with these agreements, on June 27, 2019 Canopy Growth also amended the terms of the Original Tranche A Warrants and the Original Tranche B Warrants as follows: (a) extended the term of the Original Tranche A Warrants to November 1, 2023 (the “Tranche A Warrants”) and, (b) replaced the Original Tranche B Warrants with two tranches of warrants (the “Tranche B Warrants” and the “Tranche C Warrants”) each of which were to vest and become exercisable once all Original Tranche A Warrants have been exercised and were exercisable until November 1, 2026, with different terms: the Tranche B Warrants were exercisable to acquire 3,845,444 million Shares at a price of C$766.80 (or approximately US$585.50) per Share and the Tranche C Warrants were exercisable to acquire 1,281,815 Shares at a price equal to the 5-day volume-weighted average price of the Shares immediately prior to exercise.
On May 1, 2020, the Greenstar Warrants were exercised for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately C$245 million (or approximately US$174 million, based on the foreign exchange rate as of the date of the transaction).
On June 29, 2022, Greenstar entered into an exchange agreement with the Company, pursuant to which Greenstar agreed to exchange C$100 million principal amount of the Canopy Notes for 2,924,546 Shares. The exchange was part of an exchange by the Company of an aggregate of approximately C$260 million principal amount of Canopy Notes held by Greenstar and certain other holders into Shares.
On October 24, 2022, CBG, Greenstar and the Company entered into the consent agreement (the “Third Consent Agreement”), pursuant to which CBG is expected to surrender for cancellation the warrants held by CBG to purchase 13,974,545 Shares.
On April 14, 2023, Greenstar entered into an exchange agreement with the Company pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase for cancellation the remaining C$100 million principal amount of Canopy Notes held by Greenstar in exchange for: (i) a cash payment to Greenstar in the amount of unpaid and accrued interest owing under the Canopy Notes held by Greenstar; and (ii) a promissory note (the “CBI Note”) issued to Greenstar in the aggregate principal amount of C$100 million payable on December 31, 2024. As a result, Greenstar no longer holds any Canopy Notes.
On November 1, 2023, the Tranche A Warrants expired in accordance with their terms without having been exercised. In accordance with the terms of the Tranche B Warrants and Tranche C Warrants, the vesting of the remaining Tranche B Warrants and Tranche C Warrants, as applicable, was conditioned on the exercise, in full, of the Tranche A Warrants. Accordingly, the Tranche B Warrants and Tranche C Warrants are not, and will not become, exercisable and are considered expired as of November 1, 2023.
143
Amended Investor Rights Agreement
As noted above, Canopy Growth and the CBG Group entered into the Amended Investor Rights Agreement pursuant to which the CBG Group had certain governance rights which are summarized below. In addition, on October 24, 2022, we entered into the Third Consent Agreement pursuant to which, we agreed, among other things, that following the conversion by CBG and Greenstar of their respective Shares into Exchangeable Shares (as defined below), other than the Third Consent Agreement and the termination rights contained therein and the CBI Note held by Greenstar, all agreements between the Company and CBI, including the Amended Investor Rights Agreement, would be terminated.
Board Representation
Pursuant to the Amended Investor Rights Agreement, the CBI Group was entitled to designate four nominees for election or appointment to the Board for so long as the CBG Group held the Target Number of Shares (the “Nominee Rights”).
Approval and Other Rights
The Amended Investor Rights Agreement provided that so long as the CBI Group continued to hold at least the Target Number of Shares, the Board would not: (i) propose or resolve to change the size of the Board, except where otherwise required by law, or with the consent of CBG; or (ii) present a slate of Board nominees to Shareholders for election that is greater than or fewer than seven directors.
Pursuant to the Amended Investor Rights Agreement, for so long as the CBI Group continued to hold at least the Target Number of Shares, we would not, without the prior written consent of CBG, among other things, (a) consolidate or merge into or with another person or enter into any other similar business combination, including pursuant to any amalgamation, arrangement, recapitalization or reorganization, other than a consolidation, merger or other similar business combination of any wholly-owned subsidiary or an amalgamation or arrangement involving a subsidiary with a another person in connection with a permitted acquisition; (b) acquire any shares or similar equity interests, instruments convertible into or exchangeable for shares or similar equity interests, assets, business or operations with an aggregate value of more than C$250 million (or approximately US$199 million), in a single transaction or a series of related transactions; (c) sell, transfer, lease, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of its or any of its subsidiaries’ assets, business or operations (in a single transaction or a series of related transactions) in the aggregate with a value of more than C$20 million (or approximately US$16 million); or (d) make any changes to our policy with respect to the declaration and payment of any dividends on the Shares.
In accordance with the Amended Investor Rights Agreement, the CBI Group was not permitted, prior to the exercise or expiry of all of the CBG Warrants, to purchase more than 2,000,000 Shares (subject to customary adjustments for Share splits, consolidations or other changes to the outstanding Share capital of a similar nature): (i) on the TSX, the Nasdaq or any other stock exchange, marketplace or trading market on which the Shares are then listed; or (ii) through private agreement transactions with existing holders of Shares, provided that CBG must promptly notify Canopy Growth of any acquisition of Shares.
Exclusivity Covenant and Termination
The Amended Investor Rights Agreement also provided that, subject to certain conditions, so long as the CBI Group continued to hold at least the Target Number of Shares, the CBI Group would adhere to certain non-competition restrictions including that the Company will be their exclusive strategic vehicle for cannabis products of any kind anywhere in the world (subject to limited exceptions). Further, the CBI Group agreed, for a limited period of time and subject to certain exceptions, to certain post-termination, non-competition restrictions, which included not pursuing other cannabis opportunities and not directly or indirectly participating in a competing business anywhere in the world.
On October 24, 2022, we entered into the Third Consent Agreement pursuant to which, we agreed, among other things, that following the conversion by CBG and Greenstar of their respective Shares into Exchangeable Shares, other than the Third Consent Agreement and the termination rights contained therein and the CBI Note held by Greenstar, all agreements between the Company and CBI, including the Amended Investor Rights Agreement, would be terminated. As a result, the CBI Group would no longer be subject to the non-competition restrictions in the Amended Investor Rights Agreement.
Pre-Emptive Rights and Top-Up Rights
Additionally, under the Amended Investor Rights Agreement, the CBI Group had certain pre-emptive rights as well as certain top-up rights in order to maintain its pro rata equity ownership position in Canopy Growth in connection with any offering or distribution of securities by Canopy Growth (subject to certain exceptions).
Consent Agreement
In addition to the amendments to the CBG Warrants described above, pursuant to the First Consent Agreement, the Company agreed that without the prior written consent of CBG, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, the Company would not (i) exercise its right to acquire all of the issued and outstanding Class E subordinate voting shares (the “Fixed Shares”) of Acreage prior to federal legalization of cannabis; (ii) amend, modify, supplement or restate the arrangement agreement between the Company and Acreage dated
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April 18, 2019, as amended on May 15, 2019, September 23, 2020 and November 17, 2020 (“Acreage Arrangement Agreement”); or (iii) waive any terms, covenants or conditions set forth in the Acreage Arrangement Agreement.
In addition, we agreed that, in the event that CBG exercises the Tranche A Warrants in full, the Company would purchase for cancellation the lesser of (i) 2,737,886 Shares, and (ii) Shares with a value of C$1,582,995,262, (or approximately US$1,260,222,528 as of April 30, 2023) during the period commencing on April 18, 2019 and ending on the date that is 24 months after the date that CBG exercises all of the Tranche A Warrants. However, if the CBI Group elected to convert the Shares held by the CBI Group into Exchangeable Shares, CBG had agreed to surrender the CBG Warrants for cancellation and as a result, our obligation to repurchase such Shares would terminate as the Tranche A Warrants would not be exercised. If, for any reason, we did not purchase for cancellation the Shares within such period, we were required to credit CBG an amount (the “Credit Amount”), as liquidated damages, equal to the difference between: (i) C$1,582,995,262 (or approximately US$1,260,222,528 as of April 30, 2023); and (ii) the actual purchase price we paid in purchasing Shares pursuant to the First Consent Agreement. The Credit Amount would have reduced the aggregate exercise price otherwise payable by CBG upon each exercise of the Original Tranche B Warrants (including those Original Tranche B Warrants reclassified as Tranche C Warrants).
We also agreed that if the CBI Group received any notification or communication of any violation or contravention of applicable law or any liability to the CBI Group under applicable law or any notification or communication that would be expected to result in a violation or contravention of applicable law or any actual liability to the CBI Group under applicable law, as a result of the license agreement between us and Acreage, CBG had the right to direct and cause us to terminate the license agreement in accordance with its terms, provided that we had an opportunity to cure any such violation, contravention or liability and CBG would have been be required to take all commercially reasonable efforts to assist us in addressing such violation, contravention or liability.
On June 24, 2020, the Company and Acreage entered into a proposal agreement (the “Proposal Agreement”) to amend the terms of the then existing plan of arrangement made pursuant to the Acreage Arrangement. Concurrent with the execution of the Proposal Agreement, on June 24, 2020, Canopy Growth and CBG entered into a second consent agreement (the “Second Consent Agreement”). As the transactions contemplated by the Proposal Agreement may have resulted in certain taxes owing by CBG or its affiliates, the Company agreed, pursuant to the Second Consent Agreement, to indemnify CBG and its affiliates for such taxes and losses incurred in relation to such taxes, subject to certain exceptions. The Company and CBG agreed to terminate the First Consent Agreement and the Second Consent Agreement upon termination of the Amended Investor Rights Agreement.
On October 24, 2022, the Company entered into an arrangement agreement with Canopy USA and Acreage (the “Floating Share Arrangement Agreement”), pursuant to which, subject to the satisfaction of the closing conditions set forth in the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement, including the conditions set forth in the Acreage Arrangement Agreement, Canopy USA will acquire all of the issued and outstanding Class D subordinate voting shares of Acreage (the “Floating Shares”) of Acreage by way of a court-approved plan of arrangement (the “Floating Share Arrangement”) on the basis of 0.045 of a Share in exchange for each Floating Share held. The Floating Share Arrangement received the requisite approval from the holders of Floating Shares at the special meeting of Acreage shareholders held on March 15, 2023 and on March 20, 2023 Acreage obtained a final order from the Supreme Court of British Columbia approving the Floating Share Arrangement. The Floating Share Arrangement Agreement has been amended several times to extend the Exercise Outside Date (as defined in the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement) which was initially March 31, 2023. The most recent amendment to the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement extended the Exercise Outside Date to June 17, 2024. In addition, the most recent amendment to the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement also extended the date in which the Canopy Call Option (as defined in the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement) is required to be exercised by to not later than June 17, 2024. The acquisition of the Floating Shares pursuant to the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement is expected to occur immediately prior to the acquisition of the Fixed Shares pursuant to the Acreage Arrangement Agreement such that 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Acreage will be owned by Canopy USA on closing of the acquisition of both the Fixed Shares and the Floating Shares.
On October 24, 2022, we entered into the Third Consent Agreement pursuant to which, we agreed, among other things, that following the conversion by CBG and Greenstar of their respective Shares into Exchangeable Shares, other than the Third Consent Agreement and the termination rights contained therein and the CBI Note held by Greenstar, all agreements between the Company and CBI would terminate, including the First Consent Agreement and the Second Consent Agreement.
Approval of Exchangeable Shares and Related Matters
At a special meeting (the “Special Meeting”) of shareholders of the Company held on April 12, 2024, the Company’s shareholders passed a special resolution authorizing and approving an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, in order to: (i) create and authorize the issuance of an unlimited number of a new class of non-voting and non-participating exchangeable shares (the “Exchangeable Shares”) and (ii) restate the rights of the Shares to provide for a conversion feature whereby each Share may at any time, at the option of the holder, be converted into one Exchangeable Share (the “Exchangeable Shares Resolution”).
On April 18, 2024, in connection with the approval of the Exchangeable Shares Resolution and the creation of the Exchangeable Shares, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with Greenstar, pursuant to which Greenstar converted approximately C$81.2 million of principal amount of the C$100 million principal amount CBI Note into 9,111,549 Exchangeable Shares (the “Note Exchange”), calculated based on a price per Exchangeable Share equal to C$8.91. Pursuant to the terms
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of the Exchange Agreement, all accrued and unpaid interest on the CBI Note together with the remaining principal amount of the CBI Note was cancelled and forgiven for no additional consideration by Greenstar. Following the closing of the Note Exchange, there is no outstanding balance owing under the CBI Note and the CBI Note has been cancelled.
Concurrently with the Note Exchange, Greenstar and CBG Holdings LLC (“CBG” and, together with Greenstar, the “CBG Group”), a wholly owned subsidiary of CBI, exchanged all 17,149,925 Common Shares they collectively held for 17,149,925 Exchangeable Shares (the “CBI Exchange”) for no consideration pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended in accordance with the Exchangeable Shares Resolution. As a result of the CBI Exchange and the Note Exchange, the CBG Group no longer holds any Common Shares and, as of May 28, 2024, the CBG held an aggregate of 26,261,474 Exchangeable Shares. Assuming the conversion of CBG Group’s Exchangeable Shares into Canopy Shares, CBG Group would own 25.6% of the outstanding Canopy Shares as of May 28, 2024.
In accordance with the Third Consent Agreement and as a result of the CBI Exchange, on April 18, 2024, CBG, Greenstar and Canopy Growth terminated the Investor Rights Agreement, along with an administrative services agreement, a co-development agreement and all other commercial arrangements between them and their subsidiaries, other than the Third Consent Agreement, certain termination agreements and the Exchange Agreement. As a result, CBI no longer holds any governance rights in relation to Canopy Growth, including the Nominee Rights.
In connection with the termination of the Investor Rights Agreement and subsequent to the Note Exchange, on April 18, 2024, Garth Hankinson, Judy Schmeling and James Sabia each provided notice to the Company of his or her decision to resign from the Board effective immediately (the “CBI Resignations”). Each of Mr. Hankinson, Ms. Schmeling and Mr. Sabia had been a nominee of the CBG Group under the Investor Rights Agreement.
Additional Relationship with CBI Group
In addition, David Klein, our CEO and a director, previously served as Executive Vice President and CFO of CBI.
Policy Regarding Related Person Transactions
The Board and the Audit Committee updated a written policy on May 28, 2024, which updated the prior policy adopted on June 20, 2023, providing that all related person transactions or series of similar transactions required to be disclosed pursuant to SEC Regulation S-K Item 404(a) must be presented to the Board for pre-approval or ratification. The policy requires each of our (i) directors or director nominees, (ii) executive officers, and (iii) security holders known by the Company to own of record or to beneficially own more than 5% of any class of our voting securities to notify the Chief Legal Officer promptly and, whenever possible, in advance of the occurrence of any potential related person transaction in which such person is directly or indirectly involved.
The CLO is responsible for reviewing all potential related person transactions and taking reasonable steps to ensure that all related person transactions requiring disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S–K are presented to the Audit Committee for pre-approval or ratification by members of the committee in their discretion at the committee’s next regularly scheduled meeting or, if deemed appropriate, by consent in lieu of a meeting. No director may engage in a vote to pre-approve or ratify any related person transaction in which he or she or any member of his or her immediate family has a material interest; provided, however, that such director must provide any information concerning such related person transaction that the Audit Committee may reasonably request. If a potential related person transaction involves the CLO, the CFO would assume the responsibilities of the CLO under the policy with respect to that transaction.
The Audit Committee may consider all factors it deems relevant when determining whether to approve or ratify a related person transaction. In the context of evaluating potential transactions, the Audit Committee may consider, among other factors, the nature of the transaction and the related person’s interest in the transaction, the size of the transaction, whether we are able to engage in a comparable transaction with an unaffiliated party on more favorable terms, the benefit of the transaction to the Company, and the impact of the transaction on the related person. Following the adoption of this policy, we are not aware of any related person transaction required to be reported under Regulation S-K Item 404(a) that has not been pre-approved or ratified pursuant to this policy.
Director Independence
The Board is currently comprised of five directors: David Klein, Willy Kruh, David Lazzarato, Luc Mongeau and Theresa Yanofsky. Please see the biographies of individual directors in Item 10 of this Form 10-K. As of the date this Form 10-K, a majority of the directors of the Company meet the independence requirements for a director in accordance with Section 1.4 of NI 52-110 and the definition of “independent director” under applicable Nasdaq Rules. The Board has determined that four of the five directors (or 80% of the directors), namely Messrs. Kruh, Lazzarato, Mongeau and Ms. Yanofsky, have no relationship which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director, and each is an “independent director” under Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Rules and meet the definition of “independence” under NI 52-110. Mr. Klein is not considered independent because of his role as the CEO of the Company.
During Fiscal 2024, following the conclusion of formal business of each quarterly Board meeting, the non-independent director was asked to leave the meeting and the independent directors held an “in camera” meeting to facilitate open and candid discussion. In
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addition, any item which could involve a potential conflict of interest among one or more directors is voted on by those directors that are not related to the conflict in question. It is anticipated that “in camera” meetings of the independent directors will continue to be held in this manner during the current fiscal year.
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Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The following table sets forth fees billed and expected to be billed to the Company by PKF O'Connor Davies, LLP ("PKFOD") (the Company's current auditor) and its affiliates for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 and fees billed to the Company by KPMG LLP ("KPMG") (the Company's previous auditor) and its affiliates for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.
PKFOD
2024
KPMG
2023 (1)
Audit Fees (2)
$2,886,620
$4,943,196
Audit-Related Fees (3)
-
-
Tax Fees (4)
-
-
All Other Fees
-
-
Total
$2,886,620
$4,943,196
Notes:
(1) The amount reported for the fees are converted from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars using the Bloomberg average exchange rate of $1.00 to US$0.7564 for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2023.
(2) “Audit Fees” refers to the aggregate fees billed and expected to be billed by PKFOD and KPMG for audit services, including fees incurred in relation to quarterly reviews, procedures in connection with securities filings, and statutory audits.
(3) “Audit-Related Fees” refers to the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services by PKFOD and KPMG that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and not reported under Audit Fees.
(4) “Tax Fees” refers to the aggregate fees billed for the professional services rendered by PKFOD and KPMG for tax compliance.
(5) “All Other Fees” refers to fees for products and services provided by the principal accountant, other than the services reported in the above categories.
The Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve any and all audit services and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. All fees and services described in the table above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) (1)
Financial Statements
See the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule on page F-1.
(a) (2)
Financial Statement Schedules
See the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule on page F-1.
(a) (3)
Exhibits
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Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Number
Description
2.1
Arrangement Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2019, by and between Canopy Growth Corporation and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on June 1, 2020).
2.2
First Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2019, by and between Canopy Growth Corporation and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on June 1, 2020).
2.3
Proposal Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2020, by and between Canopy Growth Corporation and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 30, 2020).
2.4
Second Amendment to the Arrangement Agreement, dated as of September 23, 2020, by and between Canopy Growth Corporation and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 23, 2020).
2.5
Floating Share Arrangement Agreement, dated October 24, 2022, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 26, 2022).
2.6
First Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated March 17, 2023, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Acreage Holdings, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2023).
2.7
Second Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated May 31, 2023, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 2, 2023).
2.8
Third Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated August 31, 2023, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 1, 2023).
2.9
Fourth Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated October 31, 2023, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 1, 2023).
2.10
Fifth Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated December 29, 2023, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 2, 2024).
2.11
Sixth Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated March 29, 2024, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024).
2.12
Seventh Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated April 25, 2024, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2024).
2.13
Eighth Amendment to Arrangement Agreement, dated May 8, 2024, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Canopy USA, LLC and Acreage Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 13, 2024).
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation and Articles of Amendment of Canopy Growth Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on June 1, 2020).
3.2
Bylaws of Canopy Growth Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on November 8, 2021).
3.3
Amendment to Articles of Canopy Growth Corporation, filed on December 15, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 18, 2023).
3.4
Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Canopy Growth Corporation, filed on April 12, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024).
4.1*
Description of Capital Stock of Canopy Growth Corporation.
4.2
Form of Canopy Growth Corporation Common Share Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on June 1, 2020).
4.3
Indenture, dated as of June 20, 2018, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Glas Trust Company LLC and Computershare Trust Company of Canada (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on June 26, 2018).
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4.4
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 29, 2022, by and among Canopy Growth Corporation, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as U.S. trustee, and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as Canadian trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 5, 2022).
4.5
Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 18, 2023).
4.6
Form of Series A Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 19, 2024).
4.7
Form of Series B Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 19, 2024).
4.8
Form of Convertible Debenture Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024).
4.9
Form of Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024).
10.1
Form of Director and Officer Indemnity Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on May 31, 2022).
10.2
Canopy Growth Corporation Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on May 31, 2022).
10.3
Form of Option Grant Agreement (U.S. and Canadian Employees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2021).
10.4
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement (U.S. Employees) (For Settlement in Common Shares Only) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2021).
10.5
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement (For Non-U.S. Employees) (For Settlement in Common Shares Only) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2021).
10.6
Form of Performance Stock Unit Grant Agreement (U.S. Employees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on August 6, 2021).
10.7
Form of Performance Stock Unit Grant Agreement (Canadian Employees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on August 6, 2021).
10.8
Canopy Growth Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on November 8, 2021).
10.9
Canopy Growth Corporation Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2023).
10.10
Form of Option Grant Agreement (U.S. and Canadian Employees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2023).
10.11
Form of Option Grant Agreement (International Employees) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2023).
10.12
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement (U.S. Employees) (For Settlement in Common Shares Only) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2023).
10.13
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement (Non-U.S. Employees) (For Settlement in Common Shares Only) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2023).
10.14*
Non-Employee Director Compensation Table.
10.15
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2019, by and between Canopy Growth Corporation and David Klein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on June 1, 2020).
10.16
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of David Klein, dated June 8, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2021).
10.17
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of David Klein, dated June 14, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 17, 2022).
151
10.18*
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of David Klein, effective June 8, 2024.
10.19
Debenture, dated as of September 23, 2020, issued by Universal Hemp, LLC to 11065220 Canada Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 23, 2020).
10.20
Credit Agreement, dated as of March 18, 2021, among Canopy Growth Corporation and 11065220 Canada Inc., as borrowers, the lenders party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2021).
10.21
Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2022, among Canopy Growth Corporation, 11065220 Canada Inc., the lenders party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 26, 2022).
10.22
Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2023, between Canopy Growth Corporation, 11065220 Canada Inc., the lenders party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 14, 2023).
10.23
Employment Agreement, effective as of March 29, 2022, between Canopy Growth Corporation and Judy Hong (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on May 31, 2022).
10.24*
Amendment to Employment Agreement of Judy Hong, effective June 1, 2023.
10.25
Letter Agreement, dated October 24, 2022, by and among 11065220 Canada Inc., AFC Gamma Inc., Viridescent Realty Trust, Inc. and AFC Institutional Fund LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 26, 2022).
10.26
Amended and Restated Protection Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2023, by and among Canopy USA, LLC, 11065220 Canada Inc. and Canopy Growth Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on August 9, 2023).
10.27
Second Amended and Restated Protection Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2024, by and among Canopy USA, LLC, 11065220 Canada Inc. and Canopy Growth Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024).
10.28
Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Canopy USA, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on August 9, 2023).
10.29
Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Canopy USA, LLC, dated April 30, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024).
10.30
Form of Exchange Agreement dated June 29, 2023, by and between Canopy Growth Corporation and the investor signatory thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 3, 2023).
10.31
Form of Redemption Agreement dated July 13, 2023, by and between Canopy Growth Corporation and the investors party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 14, 2023).
10.32
Indenture, dated July 14, 2023, between the Canopy Growth Corporation and Odyssey Trust Company, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 14, 2023).
10.33
Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 19, 2023, by and among Canopy USA, LLC and Huneeus 2017 Irrevocable Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on August 9, 2023).
10.34
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated September 18, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 18, 2023).
10.35
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, between the Company and the investors party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 18, 2023).
10.36
Agreement of Purchase and Sale, dated as of August 15, 2023, by and among the Canopy Growth Corporation, Tweed Inc. and Hershey Canada Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2023).
10.37
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated January 18, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 19, 2024).
10.38
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 19, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 19, 2024).
10.39
Exchange Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2024, by and between Greenstar Canada Investment Limited Partnership and Canopy Growth Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 19, 2024).
152
10.40
Exchange and Subscription Agreement, dated as of May 2, 2024, by and between the Company and the investor party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024).
10.41
Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024).
10.42*
Employment Agreement, effective as of August 1, 2022, between Canopy Growth Corporation and Christelle Gedeon.
10.43*
Amendment to Employment Agreement of Christelle Gedeon, effective August 21, 2023.
14.1*
Canopy Growth Corporation Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
19.1*
Insider Trading Policy.
21.1*
List of Subsidiaries of Canopy Growth Corporation.
23.1*
Consent of PFK O’Connor Davies, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
23.2*
Consent of KPMG, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
24.1*
Power of Attorney (included on signature page hereto).
31.1*
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
97.1*
Amended and Restated Clawback Policy.
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
This document has been identified as a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith.
** This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act.
Portions of this exhibit are redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.
Portions of this exhibit are redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2)(ii) of Regulation S-K.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
153
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized .
Canopy Growth Corporation
Date: May 30, 2024
By:
/s/ David Klein
David Klein
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Power of Attorney
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints David Klein and Judy Hong, and each of them, as his or her attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name
Title
Date
/s/ David Klein
Director and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
May 30, 2024
David Klein
/s/ Judy Hong
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
May 30, 2024
Judy Hong
/s/ David Lazzarato
Director
May 30, 2024
David Lazzarato
/s/ Willy Kruh
Director
May 30, 2024
Willy Kruh
/s/ Luc Mongeau
Director
May 30, 2024
Luc Mongeau
/s/ Theresa Yanofsky
Director
May 30, 2024
Theresa Yanofsky
154
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB IDs: current auditor: 127 , previous auditor: 85 )
F- 2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023
F- 7
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
F- 8
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
F- 9
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
F- 12
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F- 14
F- 1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Canopy Growth Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Canopy Growth Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated May 30, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion.
We also audited the adjustments to the March 31, 2023 and 2022 consolidated financial statements to apply the retrospective adjustments relating to the share consolidation and the reporting of discontinued operations for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as described in Notes 2 and 6. In our opinion, such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the Company’s March 31, 2023 and 2022 consolidated financial statements other than with respect to the adjustments and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on the March 31, 2023 and 2022 consolidated financial statements as a whole.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Going Concern
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company raised substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern for at least twelve months from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements, due to certain material debt obligations coming due in the short-term, recurring losses from operations and additional required financing to fund its business and operations. The Company concluded that the substantial doubt raised about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern has been alleviated as a result of management’s plans discussed in Note 2.
We identified the Company’s going concern assessment as a critical audit matter. There was a high degree of subjective auditor judgment in the evaluation of the key assumptions that were not directly observable when developing the financial forecast. The key assumptions in the Company’s financial forecast included projections of cash flows, revenue and operating expenses.
F- 2
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter:
• Evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the internal control related to the Company’s going concern assessment process.
• Reviewed agreements and other documentation related to transactions that occurred subsequent to year end which resulted in the Company receiving additional cash proceeds and modifying existing financing arrangements.
• Tested management’s process for estimating the financial forecast, including the mathematical accuracy of the calculations and the completeness and accuracy of the information used in the calculations. Our procedures included analyzing historical performance, industry trends, and other economic conditions to evaluate the reasonableness of key assumptions related to the projections of cash flows, revenue, and operating expenses.
• Performed sensitivity analysis on key assumptions within the financial forecast.
• Used the financial forecast to evaluate the company's liquidity position, including its ability to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.
• Evaluated the Company’s compliance with contractual financial arrangements, including debt covenants.
• Assessed the appropriateness of disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
Fair value measurement of the Acreage, TerrAscend, Wana, and Jetty financial instruments
As discussed in Notes 5, 13, 25 and 31 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has an obligation to acquire certain shares of various United States (“U.S.”) cannabis operators, (“Operators”) in return for a specified number of the Company’s common shares, and an option, exercisable at its discretion, to acquire certain other Operators’ shares in return for a specified number of the Company’s common shares. The obligation and the option (collectively, the “financial instruments”) become effective upon the occurrence (or waiver by the Company) of specified changes in U.S. federal laws relating to the legalization of cannabis or other conditions relating to the Company’s reorganization as discussed in Note 5. The financial instruments are recorded at fair value through earnings in the consolidated financial statements at each reporting period. As of March 31, 2024, the Operators’ financial instruments were recorded as a financial asset of $423.5 million, with a fair value loss of $123.6 million recognized in other income (expense), net, in the year ended March 31, 2024.
We identified the assessment of the fair value measurement of the financial instruments as a critical audit matter. There was a high degree of subjective auditor judgment in the evaluation of the key assumptions that were not directly observable, when determining the fair value of the financial instruments. The key assumptions included the probability of each scenario, the intrinsic value of the Operators, the probability and timing of U.S. legalization, the estimated premium on U.S. legalization, and the control premium. Additionally, the audit effort associated with the evaluation of the discount rate required specialized skills and knowledge.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter:
• Evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the internal control over the Company’s key assumptions noted above.
• Involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in evaluating the Company’s key assumptions noted above. The evaluation was achieved by applying the below procedures as applicable to the various financial instruments:
▪ Evaluated the probability of each scenario by analyzing the Operators’ and Canopy share prices, reading analyst reports, inspecting board meeting minutes, press releases, and public filings, and assessing the financial performance of the Operators.
▪ Evaluated the intrinsic value of the Operators by considering both the Operators’ share price and the enterprise values of comparable public companies.
▪ Evaluated the probability and timing of U.S. legalization by monitoring political developments and the potential for relevant legislation in the U.S.
▪ Evaluated the estimated premium on U.S. legalization by assessing the impact of cannabis legalization in Canada on the share prices of Canadian cannabis licensed producers at the time of Canadian legalization, analyzing the differences between the Canadian and U.S. cannabis markets, and assessing the extent to which the anticipated U.S. legalization of cannabis is reflected in the Operator’s share price and option value.
▪ Evaluated the control premium by comparing it to third party evidence, including publicly available market data for comparable transactions.
F- 3
▪ Performed sensitivity analyses on certain assumptions for each scenario, the Discount for Lack of Marketability (DLOM) based on Asian Put Option, the Black Scholes Calculation, the Monte-Carlo simulation, the Discounted Cash Flow valuation, the Put Option, and for the Fair Value conclusions.
▪ Corroborated market inputs used in valuation models such as volatility, risk free rates, and stock prices.
• Assessed the appropriateness of disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill impairment assessment of the Storz & Bickel reporting unit
As discussed in Notes 3 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company reviews goodwill annually for impairment in the fourth quarter, or sooner if events or circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company may elect to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If factors indicate this is the case, then a quantitative test is performed and an impairment is recorded for any excess carrying value above the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the amount of the goodwill. The fair value of the Storz & Bickel (“S&B”) reporting unit was determined using the income valuation method. An impairment of $42.1 million was recognized as the estimated fair value of the S&B reporting unit was less than its carrying value. The carrying value at March 31, 2024, of the goodwill associated with the Storz & Bickel reporting unit was $43.2 million.
We identified the evaluation of the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill for the S&B reporting unit as a critical audit matter. Specifically, our evaluation of certain assumptions, including revenue growth rate projections and the discount rate, required a high degree of auditor judgment as they were based on subjective determinations of future market and economic conditions. Additionally, the audit effort associated with the evaluation of the discount rate required specialized skills and knowledge.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter.
• We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the internal control related to the Company’s goodwill impairment process.
• We evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s revenue growth rate projections for the S&B reporting unit by comparing these to publicly available market data, the Company’s business strategy, and historical performance.
• We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
▪ Performing sensitivity analysis on the impairment testing.
▪ Performing sensitivity analysis on the Discounted Cash Flow Method.
▪ Evaluating the discount rate by comparing it against a range of discount rates that was independently developed using publicly available market data for comparable entities.
▪ Developing an estimate of the S&B reporting unit’s fair value using the reporting unit’s cash flow forecast and an independently developed discount rate and comparing the results of our estimate of fair value to the Company’s fair value estimate.
• Assessed the appropriateness of disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ PKF O’Connor Davies, LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
New York, New York
May 30, 2024
PCAOB ID No. 127
F- 4
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
Canopy Growth Corporation:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited, before the effects of the retrospective adjustments relating to the share consolidation and the reporting of discontinued operations as described in Notes 2 and 6, respectively, the consolidated balance sheet of Canopy Growth Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended March 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). The 2023 and 2022 consolidated financial statements, before the effects of the retrospective adjustments relating to the share consolidation and the reporting of discontinued operations as described in Notes 2 and 6, are not presented herein.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements, before the effects of the retrospective adjustments relating to the share consolidation and the reporting of discontinued operations as described in Notes 2 and 6, respectively, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended March 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the retrospective adjustments relating to the share consolidation and to the reporting of discontinued operations as described in Notes 2 and 6, respectively, and accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance about whether such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. Those adjustments were audited by other auditors.
Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has material debt obligations coming due in the short-term, has suffered recurring losses from operations and requires additional capital to fund its operations, which raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants
We served as the Company’s auditor from 2018 to 2023.
Ottawa, Canada
June 22, 2023
F- 5
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Shareholders of Canopy Growth Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Canopy Growth Corporation’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of March 31, 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2024, and our report dated May 30, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PKF O’Connor Davies, LLP
New York, New York
May 30, 2024
F- 6
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BA LANCE SHEETS
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except number of shares and per share data)
March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
170,300
$
667,693
Short-term investments
33,161
105,526
Restricted short-term investments
7,310
11,765
Amounts receivable, net
51,847
68,459
Inventory
77,292
83,230
Assets of discontinued operations
8,038
116,291
Prepaid expenses and other assets
23,232
24,290
Total current assets
371,180
1,077,254
Other financial assets
437,629
568,292
Property, plant and equipment
320,103
471,271
Intangible assets
104,053
160,750
Goodwill
43,239
85,563
Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations
-
56,569
Other assets
24,126
19,996
Total assets
$
1,300,330
$
2,439,695
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
$
28,673
$
31,835
Other accrued expenses and liabilities
54,039
53,743
Current portion of long-term debt
103,935
556,890
Liabilities of discontinued operations
-
67,624
Other liabilities
48,068
93,750
Total current liabilities
234,715
803,842
Long-term debt
493,294
749,991
Noncurrent liabilities of discontinued operations
-
3,417
Other liabilities
71,814
122,423
Total liabilities
799,823
1,679,673
Commitments and contingencies
Canopy Growth Corporation shareholders' equity:
Common shares - $nil par value; Authorized - unlimited number of shares;
Issued and outstanding - 91,115,501 shares and 51,730,555 shares, respectively 1
8,244,301
7,938,571
Additional paid-in capital
2,602,148
2,506,485
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
( 16,051
)
( 13,860
)
Deficit
( 10,330,030
)
( 9,672,761
)
Total Canopy Growth Corporation shareholders' equity
500,368
758,435
Noncontrolling interests
139
1,587
Total shareholders' equity
500,507
760,022
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
1,300,330
$
2,439,695
1 Prior year share amounts have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Share Consolidation (as defined below), which became effective on December 15, 2023. See Note 2 for details.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 7
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPER ATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except number of shares and per share data)
Years ended March 31,
2024
2023
2022
Revenue
$
343,934
$
381,250
$
537,592
Excise taxes
46,788
47,997
61,893
Net revenue
297,146
333,253
475,699
Cost of goods sold
216,264
396,782
663,113
Gross margin
80,882
( 63,529
)
( 187,414
)
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
229,429
342,517
415,445
Share-based compensation
14,180
25,322
46,686
Loss on asset impairment and restructuring
65,987
2,199,146
369,254
Total operating expenses
309,596
2,566,985
831,385
Operating loss from continuing operations
( 228,714
)
( 2,630,514
)
( 1,018,799
)
Loss from equity method investments
-
-
( 100
)
Other income (expense), net
( 242,641
)
( 455,644
)
751,041
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
( 471,355
)
( 3,086,158
)
( 267,858
)
Income tax (expense) recovery
( 12,327
)
5,728
8,948
Net loss from continuing operations
( 483,682
)
( 3,080,430
)
( 258,910
)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax
( 192,113
)
( 229,116
)
( 71,657
)
Net loss
( 675,795
)
( 3,309,546
)
( 330,567
)
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling
interests and redeemable noncontrolling interest
-
( 1,897
)
( 4,372
)
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling
interests and redeemable noncontrolling interest
( 18,526
)
( 29,491
)
( 16,152
)
Net loss attributable to Canopy Growth Corporation
$
( 657,269
)
$
( 3,278,158
)
$
( 310,043
)
Basic and diluted loss per share 1
Continuing operations
$
( 6.47
)
$
( 66.39
)
$
( 6.50
)
Discontinued operations
( 2.32
)
( 4.30
)
( 1.42
)
Basic and diluted loss per share
$
( 8.79
)
$
( 70.69
)
$
( 7.92
)
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 1
74,787,521
46,372,441
39,132,428
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss from continuing operations
$
( 483,682
)
$
( 3,080,430
)
$
( 258,910
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
Fair value changes of own credit risk of financial liabilities
( 12,334
)
30,722
21,180
Foreign currency translation
( 917
)
27,207
( 45,352
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
( 13,251
)
57,929
( 24,172
)
Comprehensive loss from continuing operations
( 496,933
)
( 3,022,501
)
( 283,082
)
Comprehensive loss from discontinued operations
( 192,113
)
( 229,116
)
( 71,657
)
Comprehensive loss
( 689,046
)
( 3,251,617
)
( 354,739
)
Comprehensive loss from continuing operations attributable to
noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interest
-
( 1,897
)
( 4,372
)
Comprehensive loss from discontinued operations attributable to
noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interest
( 18,526
)
( 29,491
)
( 16,152
)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Canopy Growth Corporation
$
( 670,520
)
$
( 3,220,229
)
$
( 334,215
)
1 Prior year share and per share amounts have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Share Consolidation (as defined below), which became effective on December 15, 2023. See Note 2 for details.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 8
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)
Year ended March 31, 2024
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated
Common shares
Share-based reserve
Warrants
Ownership changes
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
other comprehensive income (loss)
Deficit
Noncontrolling interests
Total
Balance at March 31, 2023
$
7,938,571
$
498,150
$
2,581,788
$
( 521,961
)
$
( 51,492
)
$
( 13,860
)
$
( 9,672,761
)
$
1,587
$
760,022
Private Placement, net of
issuance costs
37,212
9,820
28,731
-
-
-
-
-
75,763
Other issuances of common
shares
252,576
( 80
)
-
-
-
11,060
-
-
263,556
Exercise of Previous Equity
Incentive Plan stock options
293
( 293
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Share-based compensation
-
14,180
-
-
-
-
-
-
14,180
Issuance and vesting of
restricted share units and
performance share units
7,199
( 7,199
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Changes in redeemable
noncontrolling interest
-
-
-
-
( 18,526
)
-
-
18,526
-
Ownership changes relating to
noncontrolling interests, net
-
-
-
-
70,018
-
-
( 1,436
)
68,582
Redemption of redeemable
noncontrolling interest
8,450
-
-
( 988
)
-
-
-
( 12
)
7,450
Comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
-
( 13,251
)
( 657,269
)
( 18,526
)
( 689,046
)
Balance at March 31, 2024
$
8,244,301
$
514,578
$
2,610,519
$
( 522,949
)
$
-
$
( 16,051
)
$
( 10,330,030
)
$
139
$
500,507
F- 9
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)
Year ended March 31, 2023
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated
Common shares
Share-based reserve
Warrants
Ownership changes
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
other comprehensive income (loss)
Deficit
Noncontrolling interests
Total
Balance at March 31, 2022
$
7,482,809
$
492,041
$
2,581,788
$
( 509,723
)
$
( 42,860
)
$
( 42,282
)
$
( 6,378,199
)
$
4,341
$
3,587,915
Cumulative effect from adoption
of ASU 2020-06
-
4,452
-
-
-
-
( 729
)
-
3,723
Other issuances of common
shares
141,996
( 1,951
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
140,045
Exercise of Previous Equity
Incentive Plan stock options
1,597
( 1,316
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
281
Share-based compensation
-
25,322
-
-
-
-
-
-
25,322
Issuance and vesting of
restricted share units and
performance share units
20,398
( 20,398
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Changes in redeemable
noncontrolling interest
-
-
-
4,723
17,630
-
-
29,544
51,897
Ownership changes relating to
noncontrolling interests, net
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
710
710
Redemption of redeemable
noncontrolling interest
26,506
-
-
( 16,961
)
( 26,262
)
-
( 15,675
)
( 1,620
)
( 34,012
)
Settlement of unsecured
senior notes
265,265
-
-
-
-
( 29,507
)
-
-
235,758
Comprehensive income (loss)
-
-
-
-
-
57,929
( 3,278,158
)
( 31,388
)
( 3,251,617
)
Balance at March 31, 2023
$
7,938,571
$
498,150
$
2,581,788
$
( 521,961
)
$
( 51,492
)
$
( 13,860
)
$
( 9,672,761
)
$
1,587
$
760,022
F- 10
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)
Year ended March 31, 2022
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated
Common
shares
Share-based reserve
Warrants
Ownership changes
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
other comprehensive income (loss)
Deficit
Noncontrolling interests
Total
Balance at March 31, 2021
$
7,168,557
$
480,786
$
2,568,438
$
( 512,340
)
$
( 121,234
)
$
( 34,240
)
$
( 6,068,156
)
$
4,709
$
3,486,520
Other issuances of common
shares and warrants
298,145
( 30,457
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
267,688
Replacement equity instruments
from the acquisition of Supreme
Cannabis
-
5,566
13,350
-
-
-
-
-
18,916
Exercise of Previous Equity
Incentive Plan stock options
8,855
( 3,288
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,567
Share-based compensation
-
46,686
-
-
-
-
-
-
46,686
Issuance and vesting of restricted
share units
7,252
( 7,252
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Changes in redeemable
noncontrolling interest
-
-
-
-
83,483
-
-
19,317
102,800
Ownership changes relating to
noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
839
839
Redemption of redeemable
noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
2,617
( 5,109
)
-
-
-
( 2,492
)
Disposal of consolidated entities
-
-
-
-
-
16,130
-
-
16,130
Comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
-
( 24,172
)
( 310,043
)
( 20,524
)
( 354,739
)
Balance at March 31, 2022
$
7,482,809
$
492,041
$
2,581,788
$
( 509,723
)
$
( 42,860
)
$
( 42,282
)
$
( 6,378,199
)
$
4,341
$
3,587,915
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 11
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEME NTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)
Years ended March 31,
2024
2023
2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss
$
( 675,795
)
$
( 3,309,546
)
$
( 330,567
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax
( 192,113
)
( 229,116
)
( 71,657
)
Net loss from continuing operations
( 483,682
)
( 3,080,430
)
( 258,910
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
28,376
55,575
76,136
Amortization of intangible assets
24,800
24,458
34,805
Share of loss on equity method investments
-
-
100
Share-based compensation
14,180
25,322
46,686
Loss on asset impairment and restructuring
53,797
2,170,588
332,949
Income tax expense (recovery)
12,327
( 5,728
)
( 8,948
)
Non-cash fair value adjustments and charges related to
settlement of unsecured senior notes
160,468
353,827
( 866,739
)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from
purchases of businesses:
Amounts receivable
( 3,749
)
6,242
16,153
Inventory
1,034
68,438
204,219
Prepaid expenses and other assets
( 2,433
)
12,530
27,594
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses and accrued liabilities
9,115
( 28,240
)
( 42,962
)
Other, including non-cash foreign currency
( 42,654
)
2,995
( 7,367
)
Net cash used in operating activities - continuing operations
( 228,421
)
( 394,423
)
( 446,284
)
Net cash used in operating activities - discontinued operations
( 53,529
)
( 163,123
)
( 99,527
)
Net cash used in operating activities
( 281,950
)
( 557,546
)
( 545,811
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of and deposits on property, plant and equipment
( 3,449
)
( 9,114
)
( 36,684
)
Purchases of intangible assets
( 547
)
( 1,337
)
( 11,429
)
Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment
154,052
13,609
27,279
Redemption of short-term investments
78,549
502,589
546,010
Net cash (outflow) proceeds on sale of subsidiaries
( 955
)
14,932
118,149
Net cash outflow on acquisition of subsidiaries
-
-
( 14,947
)
Investment in other financial assets
( 347
)
( 67,150
)
( 379,414
)
Other investing activities
( 7,705
)
3,900
( 18,126
)
Net cash provided by investing activities - continuing operations
219,598
457,429
230,838
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued operations
21,992
( 24,050
)
( 19
)
Net cash provided by investing activities
241,590
433,379
230,819
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common shares and warrants
81,063
1,049
2,700
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
-
281
5,567
Issuance of long-term debt and convertible debentures
-
135,160
-
Repayment of long-term debt
( 509,779
)
( 118,179
)
( 50,763
)
Other financing activities
( 36,339
)
( 38,005
)
( 3,037
)
Net cash used in financing activities
( 465,055
)
( 19,694
)
( 45,533
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
( 1,292
)
44,863
( 18,123
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
( 506,707
)
( 98,998
)
( 378,648
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 1
677,007
776,005
1,154,653
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 2
$
170,300
$
677,007
$
776,005
1 Includes cash of our discontinued operations of $ 9,314 , $ 13,610 and $ 4,768 for March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
2 Includes cash of our discontinued operations of $ nil , $ 9,314 and $ 13,610 for March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 12
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)
Years ended March 31,
2024
2023
2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash received during the period:
Income taxes
$
6,238
$
5,511
$
1,299
Interest
$
18,097
$
28,500
$
16,175
Cash paid during the period:
Income taxes
$
2,082
$
1,184
$
2,641
Interest
$
98,118
$
131,824
$
119,249
Noncash investing and financing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment
$
106
$
38
$
1,408
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 13
CANOPY GROWTH CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)
1 . DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Canopy Growth Corporation is a publicly traded corporation, incorporated in Canada, with its head office located at 1 Hershey Drive, Smiths Falls, Ontario. References in these consolidated financial statements to “Canopy Growth” or “the Company” refer to Canopy Growth Corporation and its subsidiaries.
The principal activities of the Company are the production, distribution and sale of a diverse range of cannabis and cannabinoid-based products for both adult-use and medical purposes under a portfolio of distinct brands in Canada pursuant to the Cannabis Act , SC 2018, c 16 (the “ Cannabis Act ”) , which came into effect on October 17, 2018 and regulates both the medical and adult-use cannabis markets in Canada. The Company has also expanded to jurisdictions outside of Canada where cannabis and/or hemp is federally lawful, permissible and regulated, and the Company, through its subsidiaries, operates in the United States, Australia, Germany, and certain other global markets. Additionally, the Company produces, distributes and sells vaporizers and similar cannabis accessories.
2 . BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 have been presented in Canadian dollars and are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Canopy Growth has determined that the Canadian dollar is the most relevant and appropriate reporting currency as, despite continuing shifts in the relative size of our operations across multiple geographies, the majority of our operations are conducted in Canadian dollars and our financial results are prepared and reviewed internally by management in Canadian dollars. Our consolidated financial statements, and the financial information contained herein, are reported in thousands of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts or as otherwise stated.
Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
In the Company’s condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2023, the Company raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least twelve months from the issuance of those condensed interim consolidated financial statements, due to certain material debt obligations coming due in the short-term, recurring losses from operations and additional required financing to fund its business and operations.
As of this filing, the Company has been able to successfully mitigate the substantial doubt by completing several actions including: (i) the completion of a US$ 35 million private placement unit offering in January 2024; (ii) the receipt of $ 25 million of proceeds in March 2024 from the BioSteel Canada asset sale; (iii) the exchange of the $ 100 million promissory note held by a subsidiary of Constellation Brands into Exchangeable Shares of Canopy Growth; (iv) the receipt of gross proceeds of approximately US$ 50 million and the exchange of approximately $ 27.5 million of existing debt maturing in September 2025 in exchange for a new senior unsecured convertible debenture of the Company, maturing May 2029, and the issuance of warrants of the Company. Following the completion of the above actions, the Company does not have any material debt obligation coming due until March 2026.
The Company is also currently evaluating several different strategies and intends to pursue actions that are expected to further increase its liquidity position, including, but not limited to, pursuing additional actions under its cost-savings plan and seeking additional financing from both the public and private markets through the issuance of equity and/or debt securities.
As a result of management's plans above, management concludes that the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern has been alleviated.
Principles of consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all entities in which the Company either has a controlling voting interest or is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
Variable interest entities
A variable interest entity (“VIE”) is an entity that does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or is structured such that equity investors lack the ability to control the entity’s activities or do not substantially participate in the gains and losses of the entity. Upon inception of a contractual agreement, and thereafter, if a reconsideration event occurs, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether the arrangement contains a variable interest
F- 14
in an entity and whether that entity is a VIE. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under ASC 810 – Consolidations , where the Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the Company consolidates the accounts of that VIE.
Equity method investments
Investments accounted for using the equity method include those investments where the Company: (i) can exercise significant influence over the other entity and (ii) holds common stock and/or in-substance common stock of the other entity. Under the equity method, investments are carried at cost, and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s share of net income (loss), comprehensive income (loss) and distributions received from the investee. If the current fair value of an investment falls below its carrying amount, this may indicate that an impairment loss should be recorded. Any impairment losses recognized are not reversed in subsequent periods.
Use of estimates
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Financial statement areas that require significant judgements and estimates are as follows:
Allowance for credit losses - The assessment involves judgement and incorporates estimates of loss based on available information relevant to considering the collectability and includes consideration of economic and business conditions, default trends and other internal and external factors. The amount is subject to change based on experience and new information which could result in outcomes that require adjustment to the carrying amounts affecting future periods.
Inventory reserves - The Company records inventory reserves based on the Company’s estimated forecast of product demand, production requirements, market conditions and regulatory environment. Actual losses may differ from management’s estimates.
Estimated useful lives, impairment considerations, and amortization of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets - Amortization of capital and intangible assets is dependent upon estimates of useful lives based on management’s judgment.
Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible asset impairment testing requires management to make estimates in the impairment testing model. On at least an annual basis, the Company tests whether goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are impaired. The reporting unit's fair value is determined using a discounted future cash flow model, which incorporate assumptions regarding future events, specifically future cash flows, growth rates and discount rates.
Impairment of long-lived assets is influenced by judgment in defining an asset group and determining the indicators of impairment, and estimates used to measure impairment losses.
Legal proceedings - Judgement is used in determining the probability of incurring a loss in addition to determining the estimated amount. Amounts recorded are based on management’s judgement and actual amounts recorded may not be realized.
Fair value measurement of financial instruments - The use of various valuation approaches described in Note 25 may involve uncertainties and determinations based on the Company’s judgment and any value estimated from these techniques may not be realized or realizable.
Consolidation of variable interest entities - The determination of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity requires significant judgement. The assessment requires a qualitative analysis of power and benefits of the variable interest entity.
Share Consolidation
On December 13, 2023, the Company announced that the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) had approved the consolidation of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares on the basis of one post-consolidation common share for every 10 pre-consolidation common shares (the “Share Consolidation”). The Share Consolidation was implemented to ensure that the Company continues to comply with the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
The Share Consolidation was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the annual general and special meeting of shareholders held on September 25, 2023. The Share Consolidation became effective on December 15, 2023. No fractional common shares were issued in connection with the Share Consolidation. Any fractional common shares arising from the Share Consolidation were deemed to have been tendered by its registered owner to the Company for cancellation for no consideration. In addition, the exercise or conversion price and/or the number of common shares issuable under any of the Company’s outstanding convertible securities, were proportionately adjusted in connection with the Share Consolidation.
All issued and outstanding common shares, per share amounts, and outstanding equity instruments and awards exercisable into common shares, as well as the exchange ratios for the Fixed Shares (as defined below) and the Floating Shares (as defined below) in connection with the Acreage Amending Arrangement and the Floating Share Arrangement (as defined below), respectively, contained
F- 15
in the consolidated financial statements of the Company and notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Share Consolidation for all prior periods presented.
3 . SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Foreign currency translation
In preparing the financial statements of individual entities, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency are recognized at exchange rates in effect on the date of the transactions. At each reporting date monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-translated at the exchange rates applicable at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Realized and unrealized exchange gains and losses are recognized through net income (loss).
For the purposes of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars at the exchange rates applicable at the balance sheet date. Income and expenses, and cash flows of foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars using average exchange rates. Exchange differences resulting from translating foreign operations are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Transactional exchange gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net.
Cash equivalents and short-term investments
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash with original maturities of three months or less.
Investments with maturities or redemption dates greater than 90 days at the date of purchase are included in short-term investments. The Company’s investments in debt securities, if any, have been classified and accounted for using the fair value option. Unrealized gain and losses on debt securities, if any, are recognized in net income (loss). All other s hort-term investments are recorded at fair value with gains or losses recognized in net income (loss).
Restricted short-term investments
The Company considers short-term investments to be restricted when withdrawal or general use is legally restricted.
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and arise out of the sales to customers. The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products and maintains an allowance for credit losses at an amount sufficient to absorb losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio as of the reporting dates based on the projection of expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses represents management's best estimate of probable credit losses in accounts receivable, taking into account a combination of past events, current conditions, and supportable forecasts. The Company estimates and reserves for its allowance for credit losses based on its experience with past due accounts and collectability, write-off history, the aging of accounts receivable and an analysis of customer data.
Inventory
Inventory consists of raw materials, supplies and consumables used in the inventory process, merchandise for sale, finished goods and work-in-process such as pre-harvested cannabis plants, by-products to be extracted, oils, gel capsules and edible products. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Cost is determined using standard costs, approximating average costs, and include direct and indirect labor, consumables, materials, packaging supplies, utilities, facilities costs, quality and testing costs, production related depreciation and other overhead costs. The Company records inventory reserves for obsolete and slow-moving inventory. Inventory reserves are based on inventory obsolescence trends, age of inventory, historical experience and application of the specific identification method. The Company classifies cannabis inventory as a current asset, although part of such inventory, because of the duration of the cultivation, drying, and conversion process, ordinarily would not be utilized within one year.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Major additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any related gain or loss is recognized in net income (loss).
F- 16
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the expected useful lives of the assets, which are as follows:
Years
Buildings and greenhouses
20 - 50
Production and warehouse equipment
5 - 30
Office and lab equipment
3 - 10
Computer equipment
3 - 5
Leasehold improvements
Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term
Depreciation commences upon the property, plant and equipment becoming available for its intended use. Construction in progress is measured at cost and upon completion reclassified to one of the Company’s five classes of property, plant and equipment as noted in the above table, depending on the nature of the associated assets.
Estimates of useful life and residual value, and the method of depreciation, are reviewed only when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the current estimates or depreciation method are no longer appropriate. Any changes are accounted for on a prospective basis as a change in estimate.
Intangible assets
Finite lived intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value at the date of acquisition, while intangible assets that are internally generated are recognized at cost.
Amortization is provided on a straight-line basis over the following terms:
Years
Intellectual property
5 - 15
Distribution channel
5 - 11
Operating licenses
5 - 8
Software and domain names
3 - 5
Brands
2 - 5
The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting year, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets
Goodwill is allocated to the reporting unit in which the business that created the goodwill resides. A reporting unit is an operating segment, or a business unit one level below that operating segment, for which discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by segment management. The Company reviews goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets annually for impairment in the fourth quarter, or sooner, if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company may elect to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If factors indicate this is the case, then a quantitative test is performed and an impairment is recorded for any excess carrying value above the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the amount of goodwill.
Year ended March 31, 2022
In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company changed the composition of its reporting units within the global cannabis segment as a result of: (i) the completion of the Company’s divestiture of its interest in C 3 (the “C 3 Divestiture”) (see Note 30(b)); and (ii) a strategic shift in the Company’s KeyLeaf Life Sciences (“KeyLeaf”) business to focus on non-cannabis extraction activities. Accordingly, goodwill was reassigned to the KeyLeaf reporting unit from the cannabis operations reporting unit, using the relative fair value allocation approach. There were no changes to the reporting units included in the Company’s other consumer products segment in the year ended March 31, 2022.
The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test in the three months ended March 31, 2022, and recognized impairment losses in relation to its KeyLeaf and This Works reporting units.
Year ended March 31, 2023
In the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment loss in relation to the cannabis operations reporting unit in the global cannabis segment, representing the entirety of the goodwill assigned to the cannabis operations reporting unit. In the three months ended September 30, 2022, following the completion of certain restructuring actions which were initiated in the three months ended March 31, 2022, and which were aligned with the Company’s strategic review of its business, the Company changed the structure of its internal management financial reporting and began reporting its financial results for the following five reportable segments: (i) Canada cannabis; (ii) International markets cannabis; (iii) Storz & Bickel; (iv) BioSteel; and
F- 17
(v) This Works. There were no changes to the composition of the Company’s reporting units to which goodwill remains assigned resulting from the change in reportable segments.
The Company recognized goodwill impairment losses in the three months ended September 30, 2022 in relation to its This Works reporting unit (continuing operations) and BioSteel reporting unit (discontinued operations). In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test and noted no additional impairments. Refer to Note 16 for further details.
Year ended March 31, 2024
For the year-end March 31, 2024, the Company deconsolidated BioSteel and classified its results as discontinued operations, (see Note 6 ). As a result, the Company now reports its financial results for the following four reportable segments: (i) Canada cannabis; (ii) International markets cannabis; (iii) Storz & Bickel; and (iv) This Works. On December 18, 2023, the Company completed the sale of This Works and as of such date, the results of This Works are no longer included in the Company's financial results (see Note 35). In the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test and recognized impairment losses in relation to its Storz & Bickel reporting unit. Refer to Note 16 for further details.
Indefinite lived intangible assets are comprised of certain acquired brand names and operating licenses, which are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. The Company reviews the classification each reporting period to decide whether the assessment made about the useful life as indefinite or finite is still appropriate. Any change is accounted for on a prospective basis as a change in estimate.
Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and finite lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment exists. The Company groups assets at the lowest level for which cash flows are separately identifiable, referred to as an asset group. When indicators of potential impairment are present the Company prepares a projected undiscounted cash flow analysis for the respective asset or asset group. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value, if any.
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
Redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented as mezzanine equity. The balance of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is reported at the greater of the initial carrying amount adjusted for the redeemable noncontrolling interest’s share of earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, or its estimated redemption value. The Company adjusts the carrying amount of the redeemable interest to the redemption amount each period, assuming the interest was redeemable at the balance sheet date with changes in fair value recorded in equity.
Revenue recognition
The Company’s cannabis revenue is comprised of sales of: (i) adult-use cannabis products in Canada, either to government agencies or third-party retailers under a “business-to-business” wholesale model; and (ii) medical and other cannabis products in Canada and certain other countries. The Company’s revenue is also comprised of sales of vaporizers and similar cannabis accessories, merchandise, and revenue from other sources.
The Company’s revenue-generating activities have a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product transfers and the Company’s obligations have been fulfilled. This generally occurs when the product is shipped or delivered to the customer, depending upon the method of distribution and shipping terms set forth in the customer contract. In accordance with contracts with certain of the Company’s Canadian provincial and territorial customers, the Company fulfills its obligations only when the customer transfers control of the product to the end consumer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for the sale of the Company’s product. Certain of the Company’s customer contracts, most notably those with the Canadian provincial and territorial agencies, may provide the customer with a right of return. In certain circumstances the Company may also provide a retrospective price adjustment to a customer. These items give rise to variable consideration, which is recognized as a reduction of the transaction price based upon the expected amounts of the product returns and price adjustments at the time revenue for the corresponding product sale is recognized. The determination of the reduction of the transaction price for variable consideration requires that the Company make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the timing and amounts of revenue recognized. The Company estimates this variable consideration by taking into account factors such as historical information, current trends, forecasts, provincial and territorial inventory levels, availability of actual results and expectations of demand. The Company recognizes a liability for sales refunds within other current liabilities, and an asset for the value of inventory which is expected to be returned is recognized within prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Sales of products are for cash or otherwise agreed-upon credit terms. The Company’s payment terms vary by location and customer; however, the time period between when revenue is recognized and when payment is due is not significant.
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Cost of goods sold
The types of costs included in cost of goods sold are raw materials, packaging materials, manufacturing costs, plant facilities administrative support and overheads, and freight and warehouse costs, including distribution costs. Cost of goods sold also includes inventory valuation adjustments.
Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses totaled $ 28,656 , $ 28,294 and $ 53,382 in the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 , respectively.
Research and development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses totaled $ 4,611 , $ 21,718 , and $ 32,261 in the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 , respectively.
Asset impairment and restructuring costs
Asset impairment and restructuring costs consist of property, plant and equipment, intangible asset and goodwill impairment charges, asset abandonment costs, contractual and other settlement costs, and employee-related and other restructuring costs recognized in connection with: (i) the restructuring of the Company’s global operations that commenced in the year ended March 31, 2020 and continued strategic review of its business; and (ii) other impairments. Offsetting the charges for the year ended March 31, 2024 was a gain on sale of the Company's production facility as sale proceeds exceeded the carrying value that was previously impaired. Refer to Note 7 for further details.
When a long-lived asset is abandoned its carrying amount is adjusted to its salvage value, if any. In determining the salvage value of our long-lived assets, management considers information from manufacturers, historical data, and industry standards. In certain cases, management may obtain third party appraisals to estimate salvage value.
Share-based compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation using the fair value method. With the exception of a limited number of share-based awards subject to market-based performance conditions that are valued using the Monte Carlo simulation model, the fair value of awards granted is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. The share-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date and the expense is recognized over the related service period following a graded vesting expense schedule. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if there is a difference in actual forfeitures and the estimate.
For awards with service and/or non-market based performance conditions, the amount of compensation expense recognized is based on the number of awards expected to vest, reflecting estimated expected forfeitures, and is adjusted to reflect those awards that do ultimately vest. For awards with performance conditions, the Company recognizes the compensation expense if and when the Company concludes that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance condition at each reporting date.
Income taxes
Income taxes are comprised of current and deferred taxes. These taxes are accounted for using the liability method. Current tax is recognized in connection with income for tax purposes, unrealized tax benefits and the recovery of tax paid in a prior period and measured using the enacted tax rates and laws applicable to the taxation period during which the income for tax purposes arose. Deferred tax is recognized on the difference between the carrying amount of an asset or a liability, as reflected in the financial statements, and the corresponding tax base, used in the computation of income for tax purposes (“temporary difference”) and measured using the enacted tax rates and laws as at the balance sheet date that are expected to apply to the income that the Company expects to arise for tax purposes in the period during which the difference is expected to reverse. Management assesses the likelihood that a deferred tax asset will be realized and a valuation allowance is provided to the extent that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The determination of both current and deferred taxes reflects the Company’s interpretation of the relevant tax rules and judgement.
An unrealized tax benefit may arise in connection with a period that has not yet been reviewed by the relevant tax authority. A change in the recognition or measurement of an unrealized tax benefit is reflected in the period during which the change occurs.
Income taxes are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations, except when they relate to a pre-tax item that is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) or directly in equity, respectively. Income taxes recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) or equity are reclassified to the consolidated statement of operations if the corresponding pre-tax item is reclassified to the consolidated statement of operations. Where income taxes arise from the initial accounting for a business combination, these are embedded in the pre-tax accounting for the business combination.
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Interest and penalties in respect of income taxes are not recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as a component of income taxes but as a component of interest expense.
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing reported net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing earnings (loss) by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares and the number of dilutive potential common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares of the Company during the reporting periods. Potential dilutive common share equivalents consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants, vested share options, RSUs and the incremental shares issuable upon conversion of convertible notes. As at March 31, 2024, March 31, 2023, and March 31, 2022 , all instruments were anti-dilutive.
Fair value measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company calculates the estimated fair value of financial instruments using quoted market prices whenever available. When quoted market prices are not available, the Company uses standard pricing models.
For other financial assets measured at fair value that earn interest, the Company has elected to present interest income as part of the fair value change in other income (expense), net.
4 . NEW ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted
Segment Reporting
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact on the consolidated financial statements and expects to implement the provisions of ASU 2023-07 for our fiscal year ending March 31, 2025.
Income Taxes
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which enhances income tax disclosures, primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and disaggregation of income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact on the consolidated financial statements and expects to implement the provisions of ASU 2023-09 for our fiscal year ending March 31, 2026.
5 . CANOPY USA
Reorganization - Creation of Canopy USA
On October 24, 2022, Canopy Growth completed a number of strategic transactions in connection with the creation of Canopy USA, LLC ("Canopy USA"), a new U.S.-domiciled holding company (the “Reorganization”). Following the implementation of the Reorganization, Canopy USA, as of October 24, 2022, holds certain U.S. cannabis investments previously held by Canopy Growth, which is expected to enable Canopy USA, following, among other things, the Meeting (as defined below) and the exercise of the Acreage Option (as defined below), including the issuance of the Fixed Shares (as defined below) to Canopy USA, to consummate the acquisitions of Acreage Holdings, Inc. (“Acreage”), Mountain High Products, LLC, Wana Wellness, LLC and The Cima Group, LLC (collectively, “Wana” and each, a “Wana Entity”), and Lemurian, Inc. (“Jetty”). There were no changes recorded in the estimated fair values of the U.S. cannabis investments described below upon implementation of the Reorganization, and their transfer from Canopy Growth to Canopy USA.
Following the implementation of the Reorganization, as of October 24, 2022, Canopy USA holds an ownership interest in the following assets, among others:
• Wana - The options to acquire 100 % of the membership interests of Wana (the “Wana Options”), a leading cannabis edibles brand in North America.
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• Jetty - The options to acquire 100 % of the shares of Jetty (the “Jetty Options”), a California-based producer of high-quality cannabis extracts and pioneer of clean vape technology.
Canopy Growth currently retains the option to acquire the issued and outstanding Class E subordinate voting shares (the “Fixed Shares”) of Acreage (the “Acreage Option”), representing approximately 70 % of the total shares of Acreage, at a fixed share exchange ratio of 0.03048 of a common share of Canopy Growth per Fixed Share. Concurrently with the closing of the acquisition of the Fixed Shares pursuant to the exercise of the Acreage Option, the Fixed Shares will be issued to Canopy USA. In addition, Canopy USA has agreed to acquire all of the issued and outstanding Class D subordinate voting shares of Acreage (the “Floating Shares”) by way of a court-approved plan of arrangement (the “Floating Share Arrangement”) in exchange for 0.045 of a common share of Canopy Growth for each Floating Share held. Accordingly, we will not hold any Fixed Shares or Floating Shares. Acreage is a leading vertically-integrated multi-state cannabis operator, with its main operations in densely populated states across the Northeast U.S. including New Jersey and New York.
In addition, as of October 24, 2022, Canopy USA held direct and indirect interests in the capital of TerrAscend Corp. (“TerrAscend”), a leading North American cannabis operator with vertically integrated operations and a presence in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Michigan and California as well as licensed cultivation and processing operations in Maryland. Canopy USA’s direct and indirect interests in TerrAscend included: (i) 38,890,570 exchangeable shares in the capital of TerrAscend (the “TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares”), an option to purchase 1,072,450 TerrAscend common shares (the “TerrAscend Common Shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of $ 1.00 (the “TerrAscend Option”) and 22,474,130 TerrAscend Common Share purchase warrants previously held by Canopy Growth (the “TerrAscend Warrants”); and (ii) the debentures and loan agreement between Canopy Growth and certain TerrAscend subsidiaries.
On December 9, 2022, Canopy USA and certain limited partnerships that are controlled by Canopy USA entered into a debt settlement agreement with TerrAscend, TerrAscend Canada Inc. and Arise BioScience, Inc., whereby all of the debt obligations, including all principal and interest owing under such debt obligations payable by certain subsidiaries of TerrAscend, were extinguished and all of the previously issued TerrAscend Warrants controlled by Canopy USA were cancelled in exchange 24,601,467 TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares and 22,474,130 new TerrAscend Warrants expiring on December 31, 2032 . See Note 13 for further details.
Following the implementation of the Reorganization, Canopy USA was determined to be a variable interest entity pursuant to ASC 810 - Consolidations ("ASC 810") and prior to the completion of the Reorganization Amendments (as defined below) and the Additional Reorganization Amendments (as defined below), Canopy Growth was determined to be the primary beneficiary of Canopy USA. As a result of such determination and in accordance with ASC 810, Canopy Growth consolidated the financial results of Canopy USA.
Amendments to Canopy USA Structure
Following the creation of Canopy USA, the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") communicated its position to the Company stating that companies that consolidate “the assets and revenues generated from activities in violation under federal law cannot continue to list on Nasdaq”. Since the Company is committed to compliance with the listing requirements of the Nasdaq, the Company and Canopy USA effectuated certain changes to the initial structure of the Company’s interest in Canopy USA that were intended to facilitate the deconsolidation of the financial results of Canopy USA within the Company’s financial statements. These changes included, among other things, modifying the terms of the Protection Agreement (as defined below) between the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiary and Canopy USA as well as the terms of Canopy USA’s limited liability company agreement and amending the terms of certain agreements with third-party investors in Canopy USA to eliminate any rights to guaranteed returns (collectively, the “Reorganization Amendments”).
On May 19, 2023, the Company and Canopy USA implemented the Reorganization Amendments, which included, entering into the First A&R Protection Agreement (as defined below) and amending and restating Canopy USA’s limited liability company agreement (the “A&R LLC Agreement”) in order to: (i) eliminate certain negative covenants that were previously granted by Canopy USA in favor of the Company as well as delegating to the managers of the Canopy USA Board (as defined below) not appointed by Canopy Growth the authority to approve the following key decisions (collectively, the “Key Decisions”): (a) the annual business plan of Canopy USA; (b) decisions regarding the executive officers of Canopy USA and any of its subsidiaries; (c) increasing the compensation, bonus levels or other benefits payable to any current, former or future employees or managers of Canopy USA or any of its subsidiaries; (d) any other executive compensation plan matters of Canopy USA or any of its subsidiaries; and (e) the exercise of the Wana Options or the Jetty Options, which for greater certainty means that the Company’s nominee on the Canopy USA Board will not be permitted to vote on any Key Decisions while the Company owns Non-Voting Shares (as defined below); (ii) reduce the number of managers on the Canopy USA Board from four to three, including, reducing the Company’s nomination right to a single manager; (iii) amend the share capital of Canopy USA to, among other things, (a) create a new class of Canopy USA Class B Shares (as defined below), which may not be issued prior to the conversion of the Non-Voting Shares or the Canopy USA Common Shares (as defined below) into Canopy USA Class B Shares; (b) amend the terms of the Non-Voting Shares such that the Non-Voting Shares will be convertible into Canopy USA Class B Shares (as opposed to Canopy USA Common Shares); and (c) amend the terms of the Canopy USA Common Shares such that upon conversion of all of the Non-Voting Shares into Canopy USA Class B Shares, the
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Canopy USA Common Shares will, subject to their terms, automatically convert into Canopy USA Class B Shares, provided that the number of Canopy USA Class B Shares to be issued to the former holders of the Canopy USA Common Shares will be equal to no less than 10 % of the total issued and outstanding Canopy USA Class B Shares following such issuance. Accordingly, as a result of the Reorganization Amendments, in no circumstances will the Company, at the time of such conversions, own more than 90 % of the Canopy USA Class B Shares.
In connection with the Reorganization Amendments, on May 19, 2023, Canopy USA and Huneeus 2017 Irrevocable Trust (the “Trust”) entered into a share purchase agreement (the “Trust SPA”), which sets out the terms of the Trust’s investment in Canopy USA in the aggregate amount of up to US$ 20 million (the "Trust Transaction"). Agustin Huneeus, Jr. is the trustee of the Trust and is an affiliate of a shareholder of Jetty. Pursuant to the terms of the Trust SPA, the Trust will, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the Trust SPA be issued Canopy USA Common Shares in two tranches with an aggregate value of up to US$ 10 million along with warrants of Canopy USA to acquire additional Canopy USA Common Shares. In addition, subject to the terms of the Trust SPA, the Trust has also been granted options to acquire additional Voting Shares (as defined in the A&R LLC Agreement) with a value of up to an additional US$ 10 million and one such additional option includes the issuance of additional warrants of Canopy USA. On April 26, 2024, Canopy USA completed the first tranche closing of the Trust Transaction in accordance with the Trust SPA, whereby the Trust acquired an aggregate 28,571,429 Canopy USA Common Shares at US$ 0.175 per Canopy USA Common Share and warrants to acquire up to 42,857,142 Voting Shares expiring on April 26, 2031 .
In addition, subject to the terms and conditions of the A&R Protection Agreement (as defined below) and the terms of the option agreements to acquire Wana and Jetty, as applicable, Canopy Growth may be required to issue additional common shares in satisfaction of certain deferred and/or option exercise payments to the shareholders of Wana and Jetty. Canopy Growth will receive additional Non-Voting Shares from Canopy USA as consideration for any Company common shares issued in the future to the shareholders of Wana and Jetty.
On November 3, 2023, the Company received a letter from the staff of the SEC (the “Staff”) in which the Staff indicated that, despite the Reorganization Amendments, it would object to the deconsolidation of the financial results of Canopy USA from the Company's financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP once Canopy USA acquires Wana, Jetty or the Fixed Shares of Acreage. The Company subsequently had discussions with the Office of Chief Accountant of the SEC (the "OCA") and determined to make certain additional amendments to the structure of Canopy USA (the “Additional Reorganization Amendments”) to facilitate the deconsolidation of Canopy USA from the financial results of Canopy Growth in accordance with U.S. GAAP upon Canopy USA’s acquisition of Wana, Jetty or Acreage. In that regard, the Company filed a revised preliminary proxy statement with the SEC on each of January 25, 2024 and February 5, 2024 in connection with the Amendment Proposal (as defined below) that discloses these Additional Reorganization Amendments. In connection with the Additional Reorganization Amendments, Canopy USA and its members expect to enter into a second amended and restated limited liability company agreement (the “Second A&R LLC Agreement”) immediately prior to the completion of the first tranche closing of the Trust Transaction. Upon the effective date of the Second A&R LLC Agreement, the terms of the Non-Voting Shares will be amended such that the Non-Voting Shares are only convertible into Canopy USA Class B Shares following the date that the NASDAQ Stock Market or The New York Stock Exchange permit the listing of companies that consolidate the financial statements of companies that cultivate, distribute or possess marijuana (as defined in 21 U.S.C 802) in the United States (the “Stock Exchange Permissibility Date”). Based on the Company’s discussions with the OCA, upon effectuating the Additional Reorganization Amendments, the Company believes that the Staff would not object to the deconsolidation of the financial results of Canopy USA from the Company’s financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Ownership of U.S. Cannabis Investments
Following the implementation of the Reorganization, the shares and interests in Acreage, Wana, Jetty and TerrAscend are held, directly or indirectly, by Canopy USA, and Canopy Growth no longer holds a direct interest in any shares or interests in such entities, other than the Acreage Option. Canopy Growth holds non-voting and non-participating shares (the “Non-Voting Shares”) in the capital of Canopy USA. The Non-Voting Shares do not carry voting rights, rights to receive dividends or other rights upon dissolution of Canopy USA. Following the Reorganization Amendments, the Non-Voting Shares are convertible into Class B shares of Canopy USA (the “Canopy USA Class B Shares”), provided that following the execution of the Second A&R LLC Agreement, such conversion shall only be permitted following the Stock Exchange Permissibility Date. The Company also has the right (regardless of the fact that its Non-Voting Shares are non-voting and non-participating) to appoint one member to the Canopy USA board of managers (the "Canopy USA Board").
As of March 31, 2024, a third party investor owned all of the issued and outstanding Class A shares of Canopy USA (the “Canopy USA Common Shares”) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company holds Non-Voting Shares in the capital of Canopy USA, representing approximately more than 99 % of the issued and outstanding shares in Canopy USA on an as-converted basis. As of May 28, 2024, the Trust holds 28,571,429 Canopy USA Common Shares, the shareholders of Wana collectively hold 60,955,929 Canopy USA Common Shares and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company holds all of the issued and outstanding Non-Voting
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Shares in the capital of Canopy USA, representing approximately 72.3 % of the issued and outstanding shares in Canopy USA on an as-converted basis.
On October 24, 2022, Canopy USA and the Company also entered into an agreement with, among others, Nancy Whiteman, the controlling shareholder of Wana, which was amended and restated on May 19, 2023 and on April 30, 2024, whereby subsidiaries of Canopy USA agreed to pay additional consideration in order to acquire the Wana Options and the future payments owed in connection with the exercise of the Wana Options (as described in Note 13 ) were reduced to US$ 3.00 in exchange for the issuance of Canopy USA Common Shares and Canopy Growth common shares (the “Wana Amending Agreement”). In accordance with the terms of the Wana Amending Agreement, on April 30, 2024, (i) Canopy USA issued 60,955,929 Canopy USA Common Shares and (ii) Canopy Growth issued 1,086,279 Canopy Growth common shares to the shareholders of Wana. The Canopy USA Common Shares issued to Ms. Whiteman, or entities controlled by Ms. Whiteman, are subject to a repurchase right exercisable at any time after April 30, 2027, being the 36 month anniversary of the closing of the transaction contemplated by the Wana Amending Agreement (the “Wana Repurchase Right”) to repurchase all Canopy USA Common Shares that have been issued at a price per Canopy USA Common Share equal to the fair market value as determined by an appraiser. As part of this agreement, Canopy USA has granted Ms. Whiteman the right to appoint one member to the Canopy USA Board and a put right on the same terms and conditions as the Wana Repurchase Right.
Canopy Growth and Canopy USA have also entered into a protection agreement (the "Protection Agreement") to provide for certain covenants in order to preserve the value of the Non-Voting Shares held by Canopy Growth until such time as the Non-Voting Shares are converted in accordance with their terms, provided that, such conversion shall only be permitted following the Stock Exchange Permissibility Date, but does not provide Canopy Growth with the ability to direct the business, operations or activities of Canopy USA. The Protection Agreement was amended and restated in connection with: (a) the Reorganization Amendments (the “First A&R Protection Agreement”); and (b) the Additional Reorganization Amendments (the “Second A&R Protection Agreement” and together with the First A&R Protection Agreement, the “A&R Protection Agreement”).
Upon closing of Canopy USA’s acquisition of Acreage, Canopy Growth will receive additional Non-Voting Shares from Canopy USA in consideration for the issuance of common shares of the Company that shareholders of Acreage will receive in accordance with the terms of the Existing Acreage Arrangement Agreement (as defined below) and the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement (as defined below).
Until such time as Canopy Growth converts the Non-Voting Shares into Canopy USA Class B Shares following the Stock Exchange Permissibility Date, Canopy Growth will have no economic or voting interest in Canopy USA, Wana, Jetty, TerrAscend, or Acreage. Canopy USA, Wana, Jetty, TerrAscend, and Acreage will continue to operate independently of Canopy Growth.
Acreage Agreements
On October 24, 2022, Canopy Growth entered into an arrangement agreement with Canopy USA and Acreage, as amended (the “Floating Share Arrangement Agreement”), pursuant to which, subject to approval of the holders of the Floating Shares and the terms and conditions of the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement, Canopy USA will acquire all of the issued and outstanding Floating Shares by way of a court-approved plan on arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Floating Share Arrangement”) in exchange for 0.045 of a Company common share for each Floating Share held. In connection with the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement, Canopy Growth has irrevocably waived the Acreage Floating Option (as defined below) existing under the Existing Acreage Arrangement Agreement.
On October 24, 2022, the Company and Canopy USA entered into a third amendment to tax receivable agreement (the “Amended TRA”) with, among others, certain current or former unitholders (the “Holders”) of High Street Capital Partners, LLC, a subsidiary of Acreage (“HSCP”), pursuant to HSCP’s amended tax receivable agreement (the “TRA”) and related tax receivable bonus plans with Acreage. Pursuant to the Amended TRA, the Company, on behalf of Canopy USA, agreed to issue common shares of the Company with a value of US$ 30.4 million to certain Holders as consideration for the assignment of such Holder’s rights under the TRA to Canopy USA. As a result of the Amended TRA, Canopy USA is the sole member and beneficiary under the TRA. In connection with the foregoing, the Company issued: (i) 564,893 common shares with a value of $ 20.6 million (US$ 15.2 million) to certain Holders on November 4, 2022 as the first installment under the Amended TRA; and (ii) 710,208 common shares with a value of $ 20.6 million (US$ 15.2 million) to certain Holders on March 17, 2023, as the second installment under the Amended TRA. The Company, on behalf of Canopy USA, also agreed to issue common shares of the Company with a value of approximately US$ 19.6 million to certain eligible participants pursuant to HSCP’s existing tax receivable bonus plans to be issued immediately prior to completion of the Floating Share Arrangement.
In addition to shareholder and court approvals, the Floating Share Arrangement is subject to approval of the Amendment Proposal (as defined below) and applicable regulatory approvals including, but not limited to, Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) approval and the satisfaction of certain other closing conditions customary in transactions of this nature. The Floating Share Arrangement received the requisite approval from the holders of Floating Shares at the special meeting of Acreage shareholders held on March 15, 2023 and on March 20, 2023 Acreage obtained a final order from the Supreme Court of British Columbia approving the Floating Share Arrangement. The Floating Share Arrangement Agreement has been amended several times to extend the Exercise
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Outside Date (as defined in the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement), which was initially March 31, 2023. The most recent amendment to the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement extended the Exercise Outside Date to June 17, 2024. In addition, the most recent amendment to the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement also extended the date in which the Canopy Call Option (as defined in the Floating Share Arrangement Agreement) is required to be exercised by to not later than June 17, 2024, such date being 41 business days following the CBI Exchange (as defined below).
Canopy Growth’s existing option to acquire the Fixed Shares on the basis of 0.03048 of a Company common share per Fixed Share will be exercised in accordance with the terms of the arrangement agreement dated April 18, 2019, as amended on May 15, 2019, September 23, 2020 and November 17, 2020 (the “Existing Acreage Arrangement Agreement”). Concurrently with the closing of the acquisition of the Fixed Shares pursuant to the exercise of the Acreage Option, the Fixed Shares will be issued to Canopy USA. Accordingly, Canopy Growth will not hold any Fixed Shares or Floating Shares. Completion of the acquisition of the Fixed Shares following exercise of the Acreage Option is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Existing Acreage Arrangement Agreement. The acquisition of the Floating Shares pursuant to the Floating Share Arrangement is anticipated to occur immediately prior to the acquisition of the Fixed Shares pursuant to the Existing Acreage Arrangement Agreement such that 100 % of the issued and outstanding shares of Acreage will be owned by Canopy USA on closing of the acquisition of both the Fixed Shares and the Floating Shares.
On November 15, 2022, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Canopy Growth (the “Acreage Debt Optionholder”) and Acreage’s existing lenders (the “Lenders”) entered into an option agreement (the “Acreage Debt Option Agreement”), which superseded the letter agreement dated October 24, 2022 between the parties, pursuant to which the Acreage Debt Optionholder was granted the right to purchase the outstanding principal, including all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, of Acreage’s debt, being an amount up to US$ 150.0 million (the “Acreage Debt”) from the Lenders in exchange for an option premium payment of $ 38.0 million (US$ 28.5 million) (the “Option Premium”), which was deposited into an escrow account on November 17, 2022. The Acreage Debt Optionholder has the right to exercise the option at its discretion, and if the option is exercised, the Option Premium will be used to reduce the purchase price to be paid for the outstanding Acreage Debt. In the event that Acreage repays the Acreage Debt on or prior to maturity, the Option Premium will be returned to the Acreage Debt Optionholder. In the event that Acreage defaults on the Acreage Debt and the Acreage Debt Optionholder does not exercise its option to acquire the Acreage Debt, the Option Premium will be released to the Lenders. The Lenders provided notice to the Company pursuant to the Acreage Debt Option Agreement of a default on the Acreage Debt. The Company is continuing to evaluate the notice and the applicable provisions of the Acreage Debt Option Agreement.
Special Shareholder Meeting
In connection with the Reorganization, Canopy Growth held a special meeting of shareholders on April 12, 2024 (the “Meeting”) at which Canopy Growth shareholders approved a special resolution authorizing an amendment to its articles of incorporation, as amended (the “Amendment Proposal”), in order to: (i) create and authorize the issuance of an unlimited number of a new class of non-voting and non-participating exchangeable shares in the capital of Canopy Growth (the “Exchangeable Shares”); and (ii) restate the rights of the Company’s common shares to provide for a conversion feature whereby each common share may at any time, at the option of the holder, be converted into one Exchangeable Share. The Exchangeable Shares do carry voting rights, rights to receive dividends or other rights upon dissolution of Canopy Growth but are convertible into common shares.
CBI Exchange and Note Exchange
On April 18, 2024, Greenstar Canada Investment Limited Partnership (“Greenstar”) and CBG Holdings LLC (“CBG”), indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Constellation Brands, Inc. (“CBI”, and together with its affiliates, the “CBI Group”), exchanged all 17,149,925 common shares in the capital of the Company they collectively held for 17,149,925 Exchangeable Shares for no consideration (the “CBI Exchange”). As a result of the CBI Exchange, the CBI Group no longer holds any Canopy Growth common shares. On April 18, 2024, the Company also entered into an exchange agreement with Greenstar, pursuant to which Greenstar converted approximately $ 81.2 million of the principal amount of the CBI Note (as defined below) into 9,111,549 Exchangeable Shares (the “Note Exchange”), calculated based on a price per Exchangeable Share equal to $ 8.91 . All accrued but unpaid interest on the CBI Note together with the remaining principal amount of the CBI Note was cancelled and forgiven for no additional consideration by Greenstar. Following the closing of the Note Exchange, the CBI Note was cancelled.
In connection with the Reorganization, on October 24, 2022, Canopy Growth entered into a consent agreement with CBG and Greenstar (the “Third Consent Agreement”), and pursuant to the terms thereof, following the CBI Exchange, other than Third Consent Agreement, and the termination rights contained therein, all agreements between Canopy Growth and CBI, including the Second Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement dated as of April 18, 2019, by and among certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of CBI and Canopy Growth, were terminated. Pursuant to the terms of the Third Consent Agreement, all nominees of CBI that were sitting on the board of directors of Canopy Growth immediately prior to the CBI Exchange resigned as directors of Canopy Growth.
F- 24
6. BIOSTEEL
On September 14, 2023, following a review of the strategic options for the BioSteel business unit, Canopy Growth ceased funding the operations of BioSteel Sports Nutrition Inc. ("BioSteel Canada") and commenced proceedings (the "CCAA Proceedings") under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (the "CCAA") in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) (the "CCAA Court") and sought and obtained recognition of that proceeding under Chapter 15 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. To assist with the sale process, the Court approved the appointment of a monitor.
As a result of the CCAA Proceedings, the most relevant activity of BioSteel Canada became the liquidation and sale of assets. Management concluded that Canopy Growth ceased to have the power to direct the relevant activity of BioSteel Canada because the liquidation and sale transactions required approval from the CCAA Court. Thus, Canopy Growth no longer has a controlling interest in BioSteel Canada and has deconsolidated the entity effective September 14, 2023. The deconsolidation of BioSteel Canada and related impairment charges are classified under losses from discontinued operations.
The strategic decisions made encompassed all operations of the BioSteel business unit, including those of BioSteel Canada. For this reason, the BioSteel segment results for all periods prior to the September 14, 2023 deconsolidation of BioSteel Canada, including costs to exit, are classified as discontinued operations.
On November 16, 2023, BioSteel Sports Nutrition USA LLC ("BioSteel US") and BioSteel Manufacturing LLC ("BioSteel Manufacturing" and collectively with BioSteel Canada and BioSteel US, the “BioSteel Entities”) were added as additional applicants in the CCAA Proceedings. As a result, the most relevant activity of both entities became the liquidation and sale of assets and distribution of cash and proceeds to their respective stakeholders and management concluded that Canopy Growth ceased to have the power to direct the relevant activities of BioSteel US and BioSteel Manufacturing because those activities required approval from the CCAA Court. Thus, Canopy Growth no longer has a controlling interest in either entity and has deconsolidated both entities effective November 16, 2023. The deconsolidation of BioSteel US and BioSteel Manufacturing and related impairment charges are classified under losses from discontinued operations.
Years ended
March 31,
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
2022
Net revenue
$
56,610
$
69,651
$
34,622
Cost of goods sold
145,625
110,262
50,344
Operating expenses
97,851
177,171
58,235
Operating loss
( 186,866
)
( 217,782
)
( 73,957
)
Other income (expense), net 1
( 6,183
)
( 10,380
)
2,300
Income tax (expense) recovery
936
( 954
)
-
Net loss on discontinued operations, net of tax
$
( 192,113
)
$
( 229,116
)
$
( 71,657
)
1 Included in Other income (expense), net for the year ended March 31, 2024 is a loss on deconsolidation of $ 9,820 .
Investment in BioSteel Entities
Canopy Growth continues to have a 90.4 % ownership interest in BioSteel Canada and 100 % ownership interests in each of BioSteel US and BioSteel Manufacturing, but has deconsolidated the BioSteel Entities because it no longer has a controlling interest in them. Since the estimated amount of the liabilities of the BioSteel Entities exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets available for distribution to its creditors, the fair value of Canopy Growth's equity investment in the BioSteel Entities approximates zero .
Canopy Growth's Amounts Receivable from BioSteel Entities
Prior to Canopy Growth's deconsolidation of BioSteel Canada, Canopy Growth made significant secured loans to BioSteel Canada for purposes of funding its operations. The secured loans and corresponding interest were considered intercompany transactions and eliminated in Canopy Growth's consolidated financial statements prior to September 14, 2023, being the deconsolidation date. As of the deconsolidation date, the secured loans and corresponding interest are now considered related party transactions and have been recognized in Canopy Growth's consolidated financial statements at their estimated fair value of $ 29,000 .
As of the deconsolidation date for BioSteel US and BioSteel Manufacturing, Canopy Growth has recorded remaining amounts legally receivable from BioSteel US and BioSteel Manufacturing at their estimated fair value.
F- 25
The remaining amounts legally receivable from the BioSteel Entities are measured at their expected recoverable amounts. The assets and liabilities related to the BioSteel Entities business units are classified as discontinued operations and the major categories are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Cash
$
-
$
9,314
Short-term investments
-
69
Amounts receivable, net
-
25,528
Receivable from BioSteel Entities
8,038
-
Inventory
-
65,671
Prepaid expenses and other assets
-
15,709
Property, plant and equipment
-
28,195
Intangible assets
-
27,969
Other assets
-
405
Total assets of discontinued operations
$
8,038
$
172,860
Accounts payable
-
44,399
Other accrued expenses and liabilities
-
22,248
Other current liabilities
-
977
Deferred income tax liabilities
-
954
Other liabilities
-
2,463
Total liabilities of discontinued operations
$
-
$
71,041
7 . ASSET IMPAIRMENT AND RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Year ended March 31, 2024
Restructuring and other charges
In the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded charges associated with operational changes resulting from its continuing strategic review of its business. Charges relate to various incremental impairment losses and other costs associated with the restructuring of the Company's Canadian cannabis operations that were initiated in the three months ended March 31, 2023, in addition to continued evaluation of the Company's overall operations throughout fiscal 2024. The Company also recognized impairment charges associated with the divestiture of This Works, as described in Note 30(a) below.
Offsetting the charges above was a gain on the sale of the Company's production facility at 1 Hershey Drive in Smiths Falls, Ontario. The gain was due to the sale proceeds exceeding the carrying value that was previously impaired at March 31, 2023.
Other impairments
The other impairment charges described below related to goodwill and intangible assets are in addition to the restructuring and impairment costs described above.
Goodwill
In the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized goodwill impairment charges totaling $ 42,081 relating to the Company's Storz & Bickel reporting unit. Refer to Note 16 for further details.
Intangible assets
In the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized asset impairment losses totaling $ 17,266 relating primarily to This Works prior to divestiture and the Storz & Bickel's acquired brand intangible asset.
F- 26
A summary of the pre-tax charges totaling $ 65,001 recognized in connection with the Company’s restructuring actions and other impairments is as follows:
Year ended March 31, 2024
Restructuring and other charges
Other impairments
Total
Costs recorded in cost of goods sold:
Reversal of inventory write-downs and other charges
$
( 986
)
$
-
$
( 986
)
Costs recorded in operating expenses:
(Gain) impairment of property, plant and equipment, net
( 40,578
)
-
( 40,578
)
Impairment of intangible assets
-
17,266
17,266
Impairment of goodwill
-
42,081
42,081
Contractual and other settlement obligations
( 2,129
)
-
( 2,129
)
Employee-related and other restructuring costs
29,193
20,154
49,347
Asset impairment and restructuring costs
( 13,514
)
79,501
65,987
Total restructuring, asset impairments and related costs
$
( 14,500
)
$
79,501
$
65,001
Year ended March 31, 2023
Restructuring and other charges
In the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized impairment charges associated with its announcement, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, of a series of comprehensive steps to align its Canadian cannabis operations and resources in response to unfavorable market realities. These actions include:
• Transitioning to an asset-light model by: (i) exiting cannabis flower cultivation in the Company’s Smiths Falls, Ontario facility; (ii) ceasing the sourcing of cannabis flower from the Company’s Mirabel, Quebec facility; and (iii) consolidating cultivation at the Company’s existing facilities in Kincardine, Ontario and Kelowna, British Columbia; and
• Moving to an adaptive third-party sourcing model for all cannabis beverages, edibles, vapes, and extracts which will enable the Company to select and bring to market new product formats without the required investment in research and development and production footprint.
As a result of the aforementioned changes, the Company intended to close and sell the 1 Hershey Drive production facility in Smiths Falls, Ontario, consolidate flower, PRJ, softgel, and oil manufacturing in the Company’s current beverage production facility in Smiths Falls, Ontario, and reduced headcount across the business. We also intended to rationalize our cannabis extraction activities across Canada. Additionally, in March 2023, the Company completed the purchase of the remaining 45 % of the common shares of Les Serres Vert Cannabis Inc. (“Vert Mirabel”) for consideration consisting of cash and the Company’s common shares, thereby increasing the Company’s interest in the entity to 100 %. In connection with that acquisition, the Company terminated its lease for the facility in Mirabel, Quebec and has ceased the sourcing of cannabis flower from the Mirabel, Quebec facility.
The Company also recognized impairment charges associated with the divestiture of the Company’s retail operations pursuant to the OEGRC Transaction and the FOUR20 Transaction (as each terms is defined below), as described in Note 30(b) below. Additionally, the Company: (i) recognized incremental costs primarily associated with the restructuring actions completed in the year ended March 31, 2022, including the closure of certain of its Canadian production facilities, and other operational changes initiated in the three months ended March 31, 2022, as described below in our summary of restructuring actions in the year ended March 31, 2022; and (ii) employee-related restructuring charges associated with actions completed in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and three months ended March 31, 2023 as part of the Company’s ongoing program to align general and administrative costs with business objectives, and further streamline the Company’s operations.
The Company recorded total inventory write-downs and associated restructuring charges of $ 81,802 in the year ended March 31, 2023, related primarily to: (i) the aforementioned strategic changes to our business that were initiated in the three months ended March 31, 2023, including the closure of our production facility at 1 Hershey Drive in Smiths Falls, Ontario; and (ii) the strategic changes to our business initiated in fiscal 2022, including the shift to a contract manufacturing model for certain product formats and the closure of certain of our production facilities.
As a result of these actions, the Company recognized aggregate pre-tax charges of $ 538,655 in the year ended March 31, 2023, and reduced headcount by approximately 800 full-time positions.
F- 27
Other impairments
The other impairment charges described below related to goodwill and intangible assets are in addition to the restructuring and impairment costs described above and which are associated with the Company’s restructuring actions.
Goodwill
In the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized goodwill impairment charges totaling $ 1,727,679 as follows: (i) $ 1,725,368 was recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2022 in relation to the Company’s cannabis operations reporting unit in the Canada cannabis segment; and (ii) $ 2,311 was recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2022 in relation to the Company’s This Works reporting unit. Refer to Note 16 for further details.
Intangible assets
In the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized asset impairment losses totaling $ 14,614 in connection with certain acquired brand intangible assets, primarily within our Canada cannabis segment.
A summary of the pre-tax charges totaling $ 2,280,948 recognized in connection with the Company’s restructuring actions and other impairments is as follows:
Year ended March 31, 2023
Restructuring and other charges
Other impairments
Total
Costs recorded in cost of goods sold:
Inventory write-downs and other charges
$
81,802
$
-
$
81,802
Costs recorded in operating expenses:
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
376,176
-
376,176
Impairment of intangible assets
27,399
14,614
42,013
Impairment of goodwill
-
1,727,679
1,727,679
Contractual and other settlement obligations
18,427
-
18,427
Employee-related and other restructuring costs
34,851
-
34,851
Asset impairment and restructuring costs
456,853
1,742,293
2,199,146
Total restructuring, asset impairments and related costs
$
538,655
$
1,742,293
$
2,280,948
Year Ended March 31, 2022
Restructuring and other charges
In the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded charges associated with operational changes resulting from its continuing strategic review of its business. The Company recorded charges in the three months ended June 30, 2021 related to a strategic review of the business conducted as a result of acquisitions completed in that period (see Note 29(c)), which resulted in the closure of the Company’s Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario and Langley, British Columbia facilities. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded further charges related to further restructuring actions aligned to its strategic review of the business, which included: (i) reducing cultivation costs in the Canadian adult-use cannabis business through cultivation-related efficiencies and facility improvements; (ii) implementing a flexible manufacturing platform, including contract manufacturing for certain product formats; (iii) right-sizing indirect costs and generating efficiencies across the Company’s supply chain and procurement; (iv) aligning general and administrative costs with short-term business expectations; and (v) further streamlining the organization to drive process-related efficiencies.
The Company also recorded charges associated with changes in the estimated fair value of certain of the Company’s Canadian sites that were closed in December 2020, and costs associated with the closure of those sites.
The Company recorded total inventory write-downs and associated restructuring charges of $ 123,669 in the year ended March 31, 2022, related primarily to: (i) the aforementioned strategic changes to our business, including the shift to a contract manufacturing model for certain product formats and the closure of certain of our production facilities; and (ii) amounts deemed excess based on current and projected market demand.
As a result of these actions, the Company recognized aggregate pre-tax charges of $ 429,725 in the year ended March 31, 2022, and reduced headcount by approximately 250 full-time positions.
F- 28
Other impairments
Goodwill
The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test in the three months ended March 31, 2022, and recognized impairment losses totaling $ 40,748 , of which $ 22,355 relates to the KeyLeaf reporting unit and $ 18,393 relates to the This Works reporting unit. Refer to Note 16 for further details.
Intangible assets
In the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized asset impairment charges totaling $ 26,065 related to certain of its acquired brands and operating licenses. These impairment charges were identified by the Company during its annual impairment testing process, which was conducted in the three months ended March 31, 2022, and reflected in asset impairment and restructuring costs.
These other impairment charges related to goodwill and intangible assets are in addition to the restructuring and impairment costs described above and which are associated with the Company’s restructuring actions.
A summary of the pre-tax charges totaling $ 496,538 recognized in connection with the Company’s restructuring actions and other impairments is as follows:
Year ended March 31, 2022
Restructuring and other charges
Other impairments
Total
Costs recorded in cost of goods sold:
Inventory write-downs and other charges
$
123,669
$
-
$
123,669
Costs recorded in operating expenses:
Impairment and abandonment of property, plant and equipment
224,726
-
224,726
Impairment and abandonment of intangible assets
41,404
26,065
67,469
Impairment of goodwill
-
40,748
40,748
Contractual and other settlement obligations
6,610
-
6,610
Employee-related and other restructuring costs
29,701
-
29,701
Asset impairment and restructuring costs
302,441
66,813
369,254
Acceleration of share-based compensation expense
related to acquisition milestones
3,615
-
3,615
Share-based compensation expense
3,615
-
3,615
Total restructuring, asset impairments and related costs
$
429,725
$
66,813
$
496,538
8 . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The components of cash and cash equivalents are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Cash
$
115,427
$
453,146
Cash equivalents
54,873
214,547
$
170,300
$
667,693
9 . SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The components of short-term investments are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Government securities
$
-
$
60,157
Term deposits
33,161
30,000
Commercial paper and other
-
15,369
$
33,161
$
105,526
The amortized cost of short-term investments at March 31, 2024 is $ 33,161 (March 31, 2023 – $ 107,661 ).
F- 29
10 . AMOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
The components of amounts receivable, net are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Accounts receivable, net
$
44,943
$
41,292
Indirect taxes receivable
2,517
11,544
Interest receivable
876
3,966
Other receivables
3,511
11,657
$
51,847
$
68,459
Included in the accounts receivable, net balance at March 31, 2024 is an allowance for credit losses of $ 9,903 (March 31, 2023 – $ 8,554 ).
11 . INVENTORY
The components of inventory are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Raw materials, packaging supplies and consumables
$
18,872
$
18,927
Work in progress
31,367
34,104
Finished goods
27,053
30,199
$
77,292
$
83,230
In the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded write-downs related to inventory in cost of goods sold of $ 9,402 (year ended March 31, 2023 – $ 66,490 ).
12 . PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER ASSETS
The components of prepaid expenses and other assets are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Prepaid expenses
$
6,621
$
11,963
Deposits
2,365
1,522
Prepaid inventory
757
690
Other assets
13,489
10,115
$
23,232
$
24,290
F- 30
13 . OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS
The following tables outline changes in other financial assets. Additional details on how the fair value of significant investments are calculated are included in Note 25.
Foreign
Balance at
currency
Balance at
March 31,
Fair value
translation
March 31,
Entity
Instrument
2023
Additions
changes
adjustments
Other
2024
Acreage 1
Fixed Shares option and Floating Shares agreement
$
55,382
$
-
$
( 45,408
)
$
26
$
10,000
TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares
Exchangeable shares
93,000
-
26,936
64
-
120,000
TerrAscend - December 2022
Warrants
26,000
6,574
( 74
)
-
32,500
TerrAscend
Option
1,600
-
400
-
-
2,000
Wana
Option
239,078
-
( 83,247
)
( 1,097
)
( 4,968
)
149,766
Jetty
Options
75,014
-
( 15,057
)
( 42
)
-
59,915
Acreage Hempco 1
Debenture
29,262
-
( 15,775
)
155
( 1,862
)
11,780
Acreage Debt Option Premium
Option
35,479
-
2,012
83
-
37,574
Acreage Tax Receivable Agreement
Other
3,109
-
( 1,776
)
( 46
)
-
1,287
Other - at fair value through net income (loss)
Various
1,870
2,156
535
2
( 122
)
4,441
Other - classified as held for investment
Loan receivable
8,498
-
-
-
( 132
)
8,366
$
568,292
$
2,156
$
( 124,806
)
$
( 929
)
$
( 7,084
)
$
437,629
1 Refer to Note 31 for information regarding the Acreage Arrangement and Acreage Hempco.
For information regarding the Reorganization, Reorganization Amendments and Additional Reorganization Amendments, see Note 5. Following the implementation of the Reorganization, Canopy USA, as of October 24, 2022, holds an ownership interest in certain U.S. cannabis investments previously held by the Company, including, among others, interests in the Floating Shares of Acreage, Wana, Jetty and TerrAscend.
Foreign
Balance at
currency
Balance at
March 31,
Fair value
translation
March 31,
Entity
Instrument
2022
Additions
changes
adjustments
Other
2023
Acreage 1
Fixed Shares option and Floating Shares agreement
$
-
$
-
$
55,382
$
-
$
-
$
55,382
TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares
Exchangeable shares
229,000
51,000
( 186,489
)
( 511
)
-
93,000
TerrAscend Canada - October 2019
Term loan / debenture
10,280
-
( 146
)
-
( 10,134
)
-
TerrAscend Canada - March 2020
Term loan / debenture
49,890
-
( 4,804
)
-
( 45,086
)
-
Arise Bioscience
Term loan / debenture
13,343
-
( 1,767
)
1,268
( 12,844
)
-
TerrAscend - October 2019
Warrants
3,730
-
( 3,372
)
-
( 358
)
-
TerrAscend - March 2020
Warrants
60,740
-
( 46,376
)
-
( 14,364
)
-
TerrAscend - December 2020
Warrants
3,460
-
( 2,246
)
-
( 1,214
)
-
TerrAscend - December 2022
Warrants
-
33,000
( 7,000
)
-
-
26,000
TerrAscend
Option
6,300
-
( 4,700
)
-
-
1,600
Wana
Option
372,343
-
( 154,936
)
21,671
-
239,078
Jetty
Options
-
90,120
( 19,915
)
4,809
-
75,014
Acreage Hempco 1
Debenture
28,824
-
2,361
2,295
( 4,218
)
29,262
Acreage Debt Option Premium
Option
-
38,048
( 3,041
)
472
-
35,479
Acreage Tax receivable Agreement
Other
-
41,491
( 38,035
)
( 347
)
-
3,109
Other - at fair value through net income (loss)
Various
10,396
-
( 9,031
)
505
-
1,870
Other - classified as held for investment
Loan receivable
12,022
-
-
-
( 3,524
)
8,498
$
800,328
$
253,659
$
( 424,115
)
$
30,162
$
( 91,742
)
$
568,292
1 Refer to Note 31 for information regarding the Acreage Arrangement and Acreage Hempco.
F- 31
TerrAscend Financial Instruments
TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares
TerrAscend is a publicly listed prominent North American cannabis operator with vertically integrated operations and a presence in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Michigan and California, as well as licensed cultivation and processing operations in Maryland. The TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares are convertible into TerrAscend common shares following the exchange start date applicable to the holder of such TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares, at the option of the holder and subject to any restrictions or limitations, on a one for one basis. The TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares are not transferrable or monetizable until exchanged into TerrAscend common shares. In the interim, Canopy USA will not be entitled to voting rights, dividends or other rights upon dissolution of TerrAscend. As a result, neither Canopy USA nor the Company has significant influence over TerrAscend and accordingly, the Company accounts for the TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares as a financial asset at estimated fair value with any changes recorded in other income (expense), net. At March 31, 2024 the estimated fair value of the TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares, including the 24,601,467 TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares received as part of the TerrAscend Arrangement (as described below), was $ 120,000 ( March 31, 2023 – $ 93,000 ).
TerrAscend Arrangement
On December 9, 2022, Canopy USA and certain limited partnerships that are controlled by Canopy USA entered into a debt settlement agreement (the “TerrAscend Settlement Agreement”) with TerrAscend, TerrAscend Canada Inc. ("TerrAscend Canada") and Arise Bioscience, Inc. ("Arise Bioscience") (together with TerrAscend and TerrAscend Canada, the “TerrAscend Entities”) whereby $ 125,467 in aggregate loans, including accrued interest thereon, payable by TerrAscend Canada and Arise Bioscience pursuant to: (i) the TerrAscend Canada October 2019 term loan; (ii) the TerrAscend Canada March 2020 term loan; and (iii) the Arise Bioscience term loan were extinguished and 22,474,130 TerrAscend Warrants, being all of the previously issued TerrAscend Warrants controlled by Canopy USA (the “Prior Warrants”) were cancelled in exchange for the issuance of: (i) 24,601,467 TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares at a notional price of $ 5.10 per TerrAscend Exchangeable Share; and (ii) 22,474,130 new TerrAscend Warrants (the “New Warrants” and, together with the TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares, the “New TerrAscend Securities”) with a weighted average exercise price of $ 6.07 per TerrAscend Common Share and expiring on December 31, 2032 (collectively, the “TerrAscend Arrangement”).
Following the issuance of the New TerrAscend Securities, Canopy USA beneficially owns: (i) 63,492,037 TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares; (ii) 22,474,130 New Warrants; and (iii) the TerrAscend Option. The TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares can be converted into TerrAscend Common Shares at Canopy USA’s option, subject to the terms of the A&R Protection Agreement.
On December 9, 2022, the estimated fair value of the financial instruments that were derecognized from these consolidated financial statements was $ 89,094 , consisting of: (i) the aggregate term loans or debentures that were extinguished, including accrued interest, with an estimated fair value of $ 72,191 ; and (ii) the Prior Warrants that were cancelled, with an estimated fair value of $ 16,903 . Changes in the estimated fair value of these financial instruments up to December 9, 2022 were recorded in other income (expense), net. On December 9, 2022, the estimated fair value of the financial instruments that were received from the TerrAscend Entities was $ 84,000 , consisting of: (i) 24,601,467 TerrAscend Exchangeable Shares with an estimated fair value of $ 51,000 ; and (ii) the New Warrants, with an estimated fair value of $ 33,000 . Changes in estimated fair value of these financial instruments from initial recognition are recorded in other income (expense), net. The loss of $ 5,094 resulting from the difference, on December 9, 2022, between the carrying amounts of the derecognized financial instruments and the fair value of the financial assets received, was also recorded in other income (expense), net.
See Note 25 for additional details on how the fair value of the aforementioned TerrAscend financial instruments are calculated on a recurring basis.
See Note 5 for information regarding the Reorganization, Reorganization Amendments and Additional Reorganization Amendments. Following the implementation of the Reorganization, as of October 24, 2022, Canopy USA holds certain U.S. cannabis investments previously held by the Company, including the aforementioned direct and indirect interests in the capital of TerrAscend.
Wana
On October 14, 2021, the Company, certain former subsidiaries of the Company (collectively, the “Wana Option Holder”) and Wana entered into definitive agreements (the “Wana Agreements”) providing the Wana Option Holder with the right, upon the occurrence or waiver (at the Wana Option Holder’s discretion) of changes in U.S. federal law to permit the general cultivation, distribution, and possession of marijuana, or to remove the regulation of such activities from the federal laws of the United States (the “Wana Triggering Event”), to acquire 100 % of the outstanding membership interests of Wana. Wana manufactures and sells gummies in the state of Colorado and licenses its intellectual property to partners, who manufacture, distribute, and sell Wana-branded gummies across the United States and Canada.
The Wana Agreements are structured as three separate option agreements whereby the Wana Option Holder has a call option (the “Wana Call Option”) to acquire 100 % of the membership interests in each Wana Entity. As consideration for entering into the Wana Agreements, the Company made an upfront cash payment (the “Wana Upfront Payment”) in the aggregate amount of $ 368,067
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(US$ 297,500 ). Upon the Wana Option Holder’s exercise of its right to acquire Wana, the Wana Option Holder was initially required to make payments equal to 15 % of the fair market value of Wana at the time the options are exercised (the “Call Option Payments”). As additional consideration for the right to acquire Wana, the Wana Option Holder is expected to make additional deferred payments (the “Wana Deferred Payments”) in respect of Wana as of the 2.5- and 5-year anniversary of the Wana Upfront Payment, initially computed based on a pre-determined contractual formula as follows:
• Deferred Payment 1: 25 % of the amount computed as the estimated fair value of Wana at the 2.5 -year anniversary, less: (i) the Wana Upfront Payment, (ii) Wana debt, and (iii) certain other deductions; plus Wana cash, all at the 2.5-year anniversary.
• Deferred Payment 2: 25 % of the amount computed as the estimated fair value of Wana at the 5 -year anniversary, less: (i) the greater of (a) the Wana Upfront Payment and (b) the estimated fair value of Wana at the 2.5-year anniversary, (ii) Wana debt, and (iii) certain other deductions, all at the 5-year anniversary; plus the difference in Wana cash between the 5-year and 2.5-year anniversaries.
Payment of the Wana Deferred Payments is not contingent upon the occurrence or waiver (at the Wana Option Holder’s discretion) of the Wana Triggering Event or the exercise of the Wana Call Option. At the Wana Option Holder’s option, the Call Option Payments and the Wana Deferred Payments may be satisfied in cash, common shares or a combination thereof at the Wana Option Holder’s sole discretion.
Upon initial recognition, the Company estimated the fair value of the Wana financial instrument to be $ 442,227 , consisting of: (i) the Wana Upfront Payment as noted above; and (ii) the present value of the estimated Wana Deferred Payments, totaling $ 74,160 (see Note 19 ). The Wana financial instrument, in effect, represents the Wana Call Option to purchase 100 % of Wana for a payment equal to 15 % of Wana’s fair market value at the time the option is exercised.
At March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Wana financial instrument was $ 149,766 ( March 31, 2023 - $ 239,078 ), with the change from initial recognition recorded in other income (expense), net. See Note 25 for additional details on how the fair value of the Wana financial instrument is calculated on a recurring basis.
See Note 5 for information regarding the Reorganization. Following the implementation of the Reorganization, Canopy USA, as of October 24, 2022, holds certain U.S. cannabis investments previously held by the Company, including the Wana Call Option by virtue of its ownership interest in the Wana Option Holder, which is expected to enable Canopy USA, following, among other things, the Meeting, to consummate the acquisition of Wana. In connection with the Reorganization, among others, the Company, Canopy USA, Nancy Whiteman, the controlling shareholder of Wana entered into the Wana Amending Agreement pursuant to which, among other things, certain amendments were made to the future payments owed in connection with the exercise of the Wana Call Option, which included the Call Option Payment being reduced to US$ 3.00 in exchange for the issuance of Canopy USA Common Shares and Canopy Growth common shares.
Until such time as Canopy USA elects to exercise its right to acquire Wana pursuant to the Wana Call Option and the Company converts the Non-Voting Shares into Canopy USA Class B Shares, the Company will have no economic or voting interest in Wana, the Company will not directly or indirectly control Wana, and the Company and Wana will continue to operate independently of one another.
Jetty
On May 17, 2022, the Company, a former subsidiary of the Company (the “Jety Option Holder”) and Jetty entered into definitive agreements (the “Jetty Agreements”) providing the Jetty Option Holder with the right (the “Jetty Options”) to acquire up to 100 % of the outstanding equity interests in Jetty (i) upon the occurrence of changes in U.S. federal law to permit the general cultivation, distribution, and possession of marijuana, or to remove the regulation of such activities from the federal laws of the United States; or (ii) an earlier date at the Jetty Option Holder's sole discretion (the “Jetty Triggering Event”).
The Jetty Agreements are structured as two separate option agreements whereby the Jetty Option Holder has the right to acquire up to 100 % of the equity interests in Jetty. As consideration for entering into the Jetty Agreements, the Company (i) made an upfront cash payment in the amount of $ 29,226 (US$ 22,911 ), and (ii) issued 842,654 common shares with a fair value on closing of $ 59,123 (US$ 45,928 ), for total consideration of $ 88,349 (collectively, the “Jetty Upfront Payment”).
The first option agreement is exercisable in two tranches, with the first tranche providing the Jetty Option Holder with the option to acquire approximately 52.78 % of Jetty’s equity interests, exercisable following the occurrence of the Jetty Triggering Event. The second tranche provides the Jetty Option Holder with the option to acquire approximately 25 % of Jetty’s equity interests for their fair market value, subject to certain adjustments. Additionally, the Jetty Option Holder is expected to make deferred payments (the “Jetty Deferred Payments”) computed based on a pre-determined contractual formula. The second option agreement provides the Jetty Option Holder with the option to acquire approximately 22.22 % of Jetty’s equity interests, exercisable following the occurrence of the Jetty Triggering Event.
Upon initial recognition, the Company estimated the fair value of the Jetty financial instrument to be $ 90,120 , consisting of (i) the Jetty Upfront Payment as noted above; and (ii) the present value of the estimated Jetty Deferred Payments.
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At March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Jetty financial instruments was $ 59,915 (March 31, 2023 – $ 75,014 ), with the change in estimated fair value from initial recognition recorded in other income (expense), net. See Note 25 for additional details on how the fair value of the Jetty financial instruments is calculated on a recurring basis.
See Note 5 for information regarding the Reorganization. Following the implementation of the Reorganization, Canopy USA, as of October 24, 2022, holds certain U.S. cannabis investments previously held by the Company, including the Jetty Options by virtue of its ownership interest in the Jetty Option Holder, which is expected to enable Canopy USA, following, among other things, the Meeting, to consummate the acquisition of Jetty.
Until such time as Canopy USA elects to exercise its rights to acquire Jetty and the Company converts the Non-Voting Shares into Canopy USA Class B Shares, the Company will have no direct or indirect economic or voting interests in Jetty, the Company will not directly or indirectly control Jetty, and the Company and Jetty will continue to operate independently of one another.
Acreage-Related Agreements
Tax Receivable Agreement
On October 24, 2022, the Company and Canopy USA entered into the Amended TRA with, among others, certain Holders of HSCP, pursuant to the TRA and related tax receivable bonus plans with Acreage. Pursuant to the Amended TRA, the Company, on behalf of Canopy USA, agreed to issue common shares of the Company with a fair value of US$ 30,441 to certain Holders as consideration for the assignment of such Holder’s rights under the TRA to Canopy USA. As a result of the Amended TRA, Canopy USA is the sole member and beneficiary under the TRA.
In connection with the foregoing, the Company: (i) issued 564,893 common shares with a value of $ 20,630 (US$ 15,220 ) to certain Holders on November 4, 2022 as the first installment under the Amended TRA; and (iii) issued 710,208 common shares with a value of $ 20,572 (US$ 15,220 ) to certain Holders on March 17, 2023 as the second installment.
The aggregate amount paid by the Company in common shares in relation to the assignment of rights in favor of Canopy USA in accordance with the Amended TRA represents a financial instrument. The Company accounts for this instrument as a financial asset at estimated fair value, with any changes recorded in other income (expense), net. At March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the financial instrument associated with the Acreage TRA rights was $ 1,287 (March 31, 2023 – $ 3,109 ), with the change in estimated fair value from initial recognition recorded in other income (expense), net. See Note 25 for additional details on how the fair value of the Acreage TRA rights financial instrument is calculated on a recurring basis.
The Company, on behalf of Canopy USA, also agreed to issue common shares of the Company with a value of approximately US$ 19,559 to certain eligible participants pursuant to HSCP’s existing tax receivable bonus plans to be issued immediately prior to completion of the Floating Share Arrangement. No accounting recognition was given to this payment in the year ended March 31, 2024 as such payment is contingent upon the completion of the Floating Share Arrangement or, if the Floating Share Arrangement is not completed, upon the closing of the acquisition of the Fixed Shares under the Existing Acreage Arrangement Agreement.
Acreage Debt Option Premium
On November 15, 2022, the Acreage Debt Optionholder and the Lenders entered into the Acreage Debt Option Agreement, which superseded the letter agreement dated October 24, 2022 between the parties, pursuant to which the Acreage Debt Optionholder was granted the right to purchase the Acreage Debt from the Lenders in exchange for the Option Premium, which was deposited into an escrow account on November 17, 2022. The Acreage Debt Optionholder has the right to exercise the option at its discretion, and if the option is exercised, the Option Premium will be used to reduce the purchase price to be paid for the outstanding Acreage Debt. In the event that Acreage repays the Acreage Debt on or prior to maturity, the Option Premium will be returned to the Acreage Debt Optionholder. In the event that Acreage defaults on the Acreage Debt and the Acreage Debt Optionholder does not exercise its option to acquire the Acreage Debt, the Option Premium will be released to the Lenders.
The Option Premium represents a financial instrument. The Company accounts for this instrument as a financial asset at estimated fair value, with any changes recorded in other income (expense), net. At March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the financial instrument associated with the Option Premium was $ 37,574 (March 31, 2023 – $ 35,479 ), with the change in estimated fair value from initial recognition recorded in other income (expense), net. See Note 25 for additional details on how the fair value of the Option Premium financial instrument is calculated on a recurring basis.
The Lenders provided notice to the Company pursuant to the Acreage Debt Option Agreement of a default on the Acreage Debt. The Company is continuing to evaluate the notice and the applicable provisions of the Acreage Debt Option Agreement.
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14 . PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The components of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Buildings and greenhouses
$
305,606
$
413,832
Production and warehouse equipment
62,026
76,760
Leasehold improvements
7,787
13,655
Office and lab equipment
11,041
13,636
Computer equipment
7,784
8,521
Land
5,323
16,781
Right-of-use-assets
Buildings and greenhouses
17,697
35,167
Assets in process
1,019
3,229
418,283
581,581
Less: Accumulated depreciation
( 98,180
)
( 110,310
)
$
320,103
$
471,271
Depreciation expense included in cost of goods sold for the year ended March 31, 2024 is $ 24,655 (year ended March 31, 2023 – $ 45,119 ; year ended March 31, 2022 – $ 50,200 ). Depreciation expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended March 31, 2024 is $ 3,721 (year ended March 31, 2023 – $ 10,456 ; year ended March 31, 2022 – $ 25,936 ).
See Note 7 for information on the impairment and abandonment of property, plant and equipment, net that resulted in a gain of $ 40,578 that the Company recognized as part of its restructuring actions in the year ended March 31, 2024 (year ended March 31, 2023 – $ 376,176 loss; year ended March 31, 2022 – $ 224,726 loss).
15 . INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The components of intangible assets are as follows:
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2023
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
Carrying
Carrying
Carrying
Carrying
Amount
Amount
Amount
Amount
Finite lived intangible assets
Intellectual property
$
82,423
$
38,571
$
98,383
$
56,333
Distribution channel
45,981
3,029
58,324
11,231
Operating licenses
24,400
15,964
24,400
19,012
Software and domain names
32,262
7,010
34,177
14,579
Brands
14,493
10,850
16,253
13,249
Amortizable intangibles in process
29
29
508
508
Total
$
199,588
$
75,453
$
232,045
$
114,912
Indefinite lived intangible assets
Acquired brands
$
28,600
$
45,838
Total intangible assets
$
104,053
$
160,750
Amortization expense included in cost of goods sold for the year ended March 31, 2024 is $ 55 (year ended March 31, 2023 – $ 60 ; year ended March 31, 2022 – $ 81 ). Amortization expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended March 31, 2024 is $ 24,745 (year ended March 31, 2023 – $ 24,398 ; year ended March 31, 2022 – $ 34,724 ).
Estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:
2025
$
20,882
2026
17,329
2027
14,149
2028
13,553
2029
8,670
Thereafter
870
Total
75,453
See Note 7 for information on: (i) the impairment and abandonment of intangible assets that resulted in charges in the amount of $ nil that the Company recognized as part of its restructuring actions in the year ended March 31, 2024 (year ended March 31, 2023 -
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$ 27,399 ; year ended March 31, 2022 – $ 41,404 ) and (ii) impairment charges of $ 17,266 in the year ended March 31, 2024 (year ended March 31, 2023 – $ 14,614 ; year ended March 31, 2022 – $ 26,065 ).
16 . GOODWILL
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:
Balance, March 31, 2022
$
1,809,102
Disposal of consolidated entities
( 227
)
Impairment losses
( 1,727,679
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
4,367
Balance, March 31, 2023
$
85,563
Impairment losses
( 42,081
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
( 243
)
Balance, March 31, 2024
$
43,239
Year ended March 31, 2024
As part of our annual impairment testing, we performed a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment for our remaining goodwill balance, which is assigned to the Company's Storz & Bickel reporting unit. From the analysis, an impairment of $ 42,081 to Storz & Bickel's goodwill was recognized as the estimated fair value of the Storz & Bickel reporting unit was less than its carrying value. The estimated fair value of the Storz & Bickel reporting unit was determined using the income valuation method, with the most significant assumptions used in applying this method being: (i) the discount rate; (ii) the expected long-term growth rate; (iii) revenue growth rate projections; and (iv) annual cash flow projections. Certain negative trends, including slower growth rates, resulted in updated long-term financial forecasts indicating lower forecasted revenue and cash flow generation for the Storz & Bickel reporting unit. This methodology is consistent with that used by us for our annual impairment test conducted at March 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024, the remaining carrying value of the Storz & Bickel goodwill is $ 43,239 .
Year ended March 31, 2023
As a result of the continued decline in the price of the Company’s common shares in the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company determined there to be an indicator of impairment for the cannabis operations reporting unit in the global cannabis segment, which was a reportable segment in the three months ended June 30, 2022. As a result, the Company performed a quantitative interim goodwill impairment assessment for the cannabis operations reporting unit as of June 30, 2022. The Company concluded that the carrying value of the cannabis operations reporting unit was higher than its estimated fair value, and a goodwill impairment loss totaling $ 1,725,368 was recognized in the three months ended June 30, 2022, representing the entirety of the goodwill assigned to the cannabis operations reporting unit.
The estimated fair value of the cannabis operations reporting unit was determined using the market valuation method, which is consistent with the methodology used by the Company for its annual impairment test conducted at March 31, 2022. The most significant assumptions used in applying this method were: (i) the price of the Company’s common shares; and (ii) the estimated control premium associated with ownership of the Company’s common shares.
While the Company changed its reportable segments in the three months ended September 30, 2022 (see Note 35), there were no changes to the composition of the Company’s reporting units to which goodwill remained assigned at September 30, 2022. In the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company determined there to be indicators of impairment for its This Works reporting unit, as slower growth rates resulted in updated long-term financial forecasts indicating lower forecasted revenue and cash flow generation. As a result, the Company performed a quantitative interim goodwill impairment test for its This Works reporting unit as of September 30, 2022 and concluded that the carrying value of the reporting unit was higher than its estimated fair value, as determined using the income valuation method. The Company recognized goodwill impairment losses totaling $ 2,311 in the three months ended September 30, 2022, representing the entirety of the goodwill assigned to its This Works reporting unit.
At March 31, 2023, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis using the quantitative assessment. No impairment was noted for the Company’s Storz & Bickel reporting unit, as the estimated fair value of the Storz & Bickel reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. The estimated fair value of the Storz & Bickel reporting unit was determined using the income valuation method, with the most significant assumptions used in applying this method being: (i) the discount rate; (ii) the expected long-term growth rate; (iii) revenue growth rate projections; and (iv) annual cash flow projections. This methodology is consistent with that used by the Company for its annual impairment test conducted at March 31, 2022.
The carrying value, at March 31, 2023, of the goodwill associated with the Storz & Bickel reporting unit was $ 85,563 . For the Storz & Bickel reporting unit, if all other assumptions were held constant and the discount rate was increased by 50 basis points, the estimated fair value would decrease by 5 % and result in an impairment charge. If all other assumptions were held constant and the long-term growth rate was decreased by 50 basis points, the estimated fair value would decrease by 4 % and result in an impairment charge. If all other assumptions were held constant and the revenue growth rate projections were decreased by 250 basis points, the
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estimated fair value would decrease by 11 % and result in an impairment charge. If all other assumptions were held constant and the annual cash flow projections were decreased by 250 basis points, the estimated fair value would decrease by 3 %.
At March 31, 2023, the fair value of the Storz & Bickel reporting unit to which goodwill is assigned exceeded its carrying value by approximately 3 %. Accordingly, the goodwill assigned to the Storz & Bickel reporting unit is at risk for impairment in future periods. The Company may be required to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment in future periods for the Storz & Bickel reporting unit, to the extent the Company experiences declines in the expected long-term growth rate, revenue growth rate projections or annual cash flow projections, or if discount rates increase, or if other indicators of impairment arise.
17 . OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES AND LIABILITIES
The components of other accrued expenses and liabilities are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
2024
2023
Employee compensation
$
21,468
$
27,322
Taxes and government fees
10,519
5,734
Professional fees
5,849
5,967
Other
16,203
14,720
$
54,039
$
53,743
18 . DEBT
The components of debt are as follows:
March 31,
March 31,
Maturity Date
2024
2023
Unsecured senior notes at 4.25 % interest with
semi-annual interest payments
July 15, 2023
Principal amount
$
-
$
337,380
Accrued interest
-
3,148
Non-credit risk fair value adjustment
-
26,214
Credit risk fair value adjustment
-
( 35,492
)
-
331,250
Credit facility
March 18, 2026
Principal amount
486,935
886,080
Accrued interest
831
2,848
Deferred financing costs
( 17,948
)
( 48,870
)
469,818
840,058
Supreme convertible debentures
September 10, 2025
30,654
31,503
Accretion debentures
September 10, 2025
6,390
8,780
Equity-settled convertible debentures
February 28, 2028
-
93,228
Promissory note
December 31, 2024
89,224
-
Other revolving debt facility, loan, and financings
1,143
2,062
597,229
1,306,881
Less: current portion
( 103,935
)
( 556,890
)
Long-term portion
$
493,294
$
749,991
Unsecured Senior Notes
On June 20, 2018, the Company issued the Canopy Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $ 600,000 . The Canopy Notes bore interest at a rate of 4.25 % per annum, payable semi-annually on January 15th and July 15th of each year commencing from January 15, 2019. The Canopy Notes matured on July 15, 2023 . The Canopy Notes were subordinated in right of payment to any existing and future senior indebtedness. The Canopy Notes ranked senior in right of payment to any future subordinated borrowings. The Canopy Notes were effectively junior to any secured indebtedness and the Canopy Notes were structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The Canopy Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture dated June 20, 2018, as supplemented on April 30, 2019 and June 29, 2022 (collectively, the “Canopy Notes Indenture”). As a result of the supplement to the Canopy Notes Indenture dated June 29, 2022 (the “Second Supplemental Indenture”), the Company irrevocably surrendered its right to settle the conversion of any Canopy Note with its common shares. As a result, had there been any conversions of Canopy Notes following the execution of the Second Supplemental Indenture these would have been settled entirely in cash, unless otherwise negotiated.
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On June 29, 2022 and June 30, 2022, the Company entered into privately negotiated exchange agreements (the “Exchange Agreements”) with a limited number of holders of the Canopy Notes including Greenstar (collectively, the “2022 Noteholders”). Pursuant to the Exchange Agreements, the Company agreed to acquire and cancel approximately $ 262,620 of aggregate principal amount of the Canopy Notes from the 2022 Noteholders (the “Exchange Transaction”) for an aggregate purchase price (excluding $ 5,383 paid to the 2022 Noteholders in cash for accrued and unpaid interest) of $ 259,994 (the “Purchase Price”), which was payable in the Company’s common shares.
On the initial closings, 3,566,242 common shares were to be issued to the 2022 Noteholders, other than Greenstar, based on a price equal to US$ 35.00 per common share, which was the closing price of the common shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 29, 2022. The Company satisfied the Purchase Price as follows:
• On June 30, 2022, 1,406,935 common shares were issued to 2022 Noteholders, representing the Company’s acquisition and cancellation of an aggregate principal amount of Canopy Notes of $ 63,098 , which were recorded at a fair value of $ 50,866 .
• In July 2022, 2,159,307 common shares were issued to 2022 Noteholders, representing an aggregate principal amount of Canopy Notes of $ 99,522 , which were recorded at a fair value of $ 76,424 upon acquisition and cancellation.
• On the final closing on July 18, 2022 (the “Final Closing”), 1,189,653 common shares were issued to 2022 Noteholders other than Greenstar, based on the volume-weighted average trading price of the common shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market for the 10 consecutive trading days beginning on, and including, June 30, 2022, being US$ 26.2450 (the “Averaging Price”).
• In addition, on the Final Closing on July 18, 2022, 2,924,546 common shares were issued to Greenstar based on a price per common share equal to the Averaging Price. Pursuant to the Exchange Transaction, the Company agreed to acquire and cancel $ 100,000 in aggregate principal amount, which was recorded at a fair value of $ 98,078 upon acquisition and cancellation. Prior to the completion of the Exchange Transaction, Greenstar held $ 200,000 in aggregate principal amount of the Canopy Notes.
In total, 6,273,506 common shares were issued in July 2022, representing the Company’s acquisition and cancellation of an aggregate principal amount of Canopy Notes of $ 199,522 , and a total of 7,680,441 common shares were issued in June and July 2022, representing the Company’s acquisition and cancellation of an aggregate principal amount of Canopy Notes of $ 262,620 .
In connection with the Exchange Transaction, in the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized a derivative liability of