Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Understanding Our Financial Information
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q, as well as our 2023 Form 10-K. The following discussion includes statements regarding our expectations with respect to our future performance, liquidity, and capital resources. Such statements, along with any other non-historical statements in the discussion, are forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, indicate, or imply future results, performance, or achievements and may contain the words "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "should," "plan," "anticipate," and other similar expressions. All of these forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by our management that, although believed by us to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2023 Form 10-K, as well as those factors listed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). We do not assume an obligation to update any forward-looking statement. Our future actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any of the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q.
Background
Boise Cascade Company is a building products company headquartered in Boise, Idaho. As used in this Form 10-Q, the terms "Boise Cascade," "we," and "our" refer to Boise Cascade Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. Boise Cascade is a large, integrated wood products manufacturer and building materials distributor. We have two reportable segments: (i) Wood Products, which primarily manufactures engineered wood products (EWP) and plywood; and (ii) Building Materials Distribution (BMD), which is a wholesale distributor of building materials. Our products are used in the construction of new residential housing, including single-family, multi-family, and manufactured homes, the repair-and-remodeling of existing housing, the construction of light industrial and commercial buildings, and industrial applications. For more information, see Note 12, Segment Information, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
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Executive Overview
We recorded income from operations of $133.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with income from operations of $127.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. In our Wood Products segment, income increased $1.8 million to $71.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $69.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, due primarily to higher EWP sales volumes and higher plywood sales prices, offset partially by lower EWP sales prices and higher wood fiber costs. In our BMD segment, income increased $2.8 million to $72.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $69.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, driven by a gross margin increase of $22.9 million, resulting primarily from higher sales volumes and improved margins on general line and commodity products, offset partially by increased selling and distribution expenses and depreciation and amortization expense of $16.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. These changes are discussed further in "Our Operating Results" below.
We ended first quarter 2024 with $890.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $395.7 million of undrawn committed bank line availability, for total available liquidity of $1,286.0 million. We had $445.5 million of outstanding debt at March 31, 2024. We used $59.3 million of cash during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as cash provided by operations was offset by capital spending, treasury stock purchases, dividends paid on our common stock, and tax withholding payments on stock-based awards. A further description of our cash sources and uses for the three-month comparative periods are discussed in "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below.
Demand for the products we manufacture, as well as the products we purchase and distribute, is correlated with new residential construction, residential repair-and-remodeling activity and light commercial construction. Residential construction, particularly new single-family construction, is the key demand driver for the products we manufacture and distribute. Current industry forecasts for 2024 U.S. housing starts are generally consistent with actual housing starts of 1.42 million in 2023, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. Home affordability remains a challenge for many consumers due to the cost of housing combined with elevated mortgage rates. However, with low unemployment and an undersupply of existing housing stock available for sale, new residential construction is expected to remain an important source of supply for homebuyers. Recent pressures on multi-family starts are expected to continue due to increased capital costs for developers combined with cooling rents and elevated supply. Regarding home improvement spending, the age of U.S. housing stock and elevated levels of homeowner equity have provided a favorable backdrop for repair-and-remodel spending. In 2023, year-over-year growth rates in renovation spending moderated due to economic uncertainty and higher borrowing costs. While home improvement spending is expected to remain healthy compared to history, recent industry forecasts project mid-single-digit declines in 2024. Ultimately, macroeconomic factors, the level and expectations for mortgage rates, home affordability, home equity levels, and other factors will likely influence the near-term demand environment for the products we manufacture and distribute.
As a manufacturer of certain commodity products, we have sales and profitability exposure to declines in commodity product prices and rising input costs. Our distribution business purchases and resells a broad mix of products with periods of increasing prices providing the opportunity for higher sales and increased margins, while declining price environments expose us to declines in sales and profitability. Future product pricing, particularly commodity products pricing and input costs, may be volatile in response to economic uncertainties, industry operating rates, supply-related disruptions, transportation constraints or disruptions, net import and export activity, inventory levels in various distribution channels, and seasonal demand patterns.
Factors That Affect Our Operating Results and Trends
Our results of operations and financial performance are influenced by a variety of factors, including the following:
• the commodity nature of a portion of our products and their price movements, which are driven largely by industry capacity and operating rates, industry cycles that affect supply and demand, and net import and export activity;
• general economic conditions, including but not limited to housing starts, repair-and-remodeling activity, light commercial construction, inventory levels of new and existing homes for sale, foreclosure rates, interest rates, inflation, unemployment rates, household formation rates, prospective home buyers' access to and cost of financing, and housing affordability, that ultimately affect demand for our products;
• the highly competitive nature of our industry;
• declines in demand for our products due to competing technologies or materials, as well as changes in building code provisions;
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• disruptions to information systems used to process and store customer, employee, and vendor information, as well as the technology that manages our operations and other business processes;
• material disruptions and/or major equipment failure at our manufacturing facilities;
• declining demand for residual byproducts, particularly wood chips generated in our manufacturing operations;
• labor disruptions, shortages of skilled and technical labor, or increased labor costs;
• the need to successfully formulate and implement succession plans for key members of our management team;
• product shortages, loss of key suppliers, and our dependence on third-party suppliers and manufacturers;
• the cost and availability of third-party transportation services used to deliver the goods we manufacture and distribute, as well as our raw materials;
• cost and availability of raw materials, including wood fiber and glues and resins;
• our ability to execute our organic growth and acquisition strategies efficiently and effectively;
• failures or delays with new or existing technology systems and software platforms;
• our ability to successfully pursue our long-term growth strategy related to innovation and digital technology;
• concentration of our sales among a relatively small group of customers, as well as the financial condition and creditworthiness of our customers;
• impairment of our long-lived assets, goodwill, and/or intangible assets;
• substantial ongoing capital investment costs, including those associated with organic growth and acquisitions, and the difficulty in offsetting fixed costs related to those investments;
• our indebtedness, including the possibility that we may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations or that future borrowings may not be available in amounts sufficient to fulfill our debt obligations and fund other liquidity needs;
• restrictive covenants contained in our debt agreements;
• compliance with data privacy and security laws and regulations;
• the impacts of climate change and related legislative and regulatory responses intended to reduce climate change;
• cost of compliance with government regulations, in particular, environmental regulations;
• exposure to product liability, product warranty, casualty, construction defect, and other claims;
• fluctuations in the market for our equity; and
• the other factors described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2023 Form 10-K.
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Our Operating Results
The following tables set forth our operating results in dollars and as a percentage of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended
March 31
2024 2023
(millions)
Sales $ 1,645.4 $ 1,544.3
Costs and expenses
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) 1,307.4 1,230.6
Depreciation and amortization 35.9 31.2
Selling and distribution expenses 144.1 128.8
General and administrative expenses 25.1 26.5
Other (income) expense, net (0.1) (0.3)
1,512.4 1,416.7
Income from operations $ 133.0 $ 127.6
(percentage of sales)
Sales 100.0 % 100.0 %
Costs and expenses
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) 79.5 % 79.7 %
Depreciation and amortization 2.2 2.0
Selling and distribution expenses 8.8 8.3
General and administrative expenses 1.5 1.7
Other (income) expense, net — —
91.9 % 91.7 %
Income from operations 8.1 % 8.3 %
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Sales Volumes and Prices
Set forth below are historical U.S. housing starts data, segment sales volumes and average net selling prices for the principal products sold by our Wood Products segment, and sales mix and gross margin information for our BMD segment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended
March 31
2024 2023
(thousands)
U.S. Housing Starts (a)
Single-family 239.1 188.2
Multi-family 79.7 126.7
318.8 314.9
(thousands)
Segment Sales
Wood Products $ 468,928 $ 437,428
Building Materials Distribution 1,505,021 1,379,242
Intersegment eliminations (328,529) (272,341)
Total sales $ 1,645,420 $ 1,544,329
Wood Products (millions)
Sales Volumes
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) (cubic feet) 4.8 3.6
I-joists (equivalent lineal feet) 57 39
Plywood (sq. ft.) (3/8" basis) 372 406
Wood Products (dollars per unit)
Average Net Selling Prices
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) (cubic foot) $ 28.75 $ 31.17
I-joists (1,000 equivalent lineal feet) 2,018 2,168
Plywood (1,000 sq. ft.) (3/8" basis) 378 367
(percentage of BMD sales)
Building Materials Distribution
Product Line Sales
Commodity 36.7 % 39.7 %
General line 41.0 % 38.7 %
Engineered wood products 22.3 % 21.6 %
Gross margin percentage (b) 15.1 % 14.8 %
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(a) Actual U.S. housing starts data reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.
(b) We define gross margin as "Sales" less "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)." Substantially all costs included in "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)" for our BMD segment are for inventory purchased for resale. Gross margin percentage is gross margin as a percentage of segment sales.
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Sales
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, total sales increased $101.1 million, or 7%, to $1,645.4 million from $1,544.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As described below, the increase in sales was driven by the changes in sales prices and volumes for the products we manufacture and distribute with single-family residential construction activity being the key demand driver of our sales. In first quarter 2024, total U.S. housing starts and single-family housing starts increased 1% and 27%, respectively, compared with the same period in 2023. Average composite panel prices for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were 23% higher than in the same period in the prior year, as reflected by Random Lengths composite panel pricing. Average composite lumber prices for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were 2% lower than in the same period in the prior year, as reflected by Random Lengths composite lumber pricing.
Wood Products. Sales, including sales to our BMD segment, increased $31.5 million, or 7%, to $468.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $437.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in sales was driven by higher sales volumes for I-joists and LVL (collectively referred to as EWP) of 46% and 31%, respectively, resulting in increased sales of $38.8 million and $35.5 million, respectively. EWP sales volumes increased due to an increase in housing starts. In addition, higher plywood sales prices of 3% resulted in increased sales of $3.8 million. These increases were offset partially by decreased sales prices for LVL and I-joists of 8% and 7%, respectively, resulting in decreased sales of $11.6 million and $8.5 million, respectively, as well as decreased plywood sales volumes of 8% resulting in decreased sales of $12.6 million. Plywood sales volumes decreased as we shifted a higher proportion of our internally produced veneer into EWP production, given the change in demand for EWP. In addition, other sales, including residual byproducts and lumber, decreased $14.5 million.
Building Materials Distribution. Sales increased $125.8 million, or 9%, to $1,505.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $1,379.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Compared with the same quarter in the prior year, the overall increase in sales was driven by a sales volume increase of 12%, offset partially by a sales price decrease of 3%. By product line, commodity sales increased 1%, or $5.5 million; general line product sales increased 16%, or $83.3 million; and EWP sales (substantially all of which are sourced through our Wood Products segment) increased 12%, or $37.0 million.
Costs and Expenses
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) increased $76.8 million, or 6%, to $1,307.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $1,230.6 million during the same period in the prior year. In our Wood Products segment, materials, labor, and other operating expenses increased due to higher EWP sales volumes and higher per-unit costs of OSB (used in the manufacture of I-joists) of approximately 24%, compared with first quarter 2023, as well as increased other manufacturing and labor costs. Materials, labor, and other operating expenses as a percentage of sales (MLO rate) in our Wood Products segment increased by 140 basis points. The increase in the MLO rate was primarily the result of lower EWP sales prices, resulting in decreased leveraging of other manufacturing costs. In BMD, the increase in materials, labor, and other operating expenses was driven by higher purchased materials costs as a result of an increase in sales volumes compared with first quarter 2023. However, the BMD segment MLO rate improved 30 basis points compared with first quarter 2023, driven by a greater mix of general line and EWP sales, which have higher margins than commodity products. In addition, margin percentages for our commodity and general line product sales improved, offset partially by lower margin percentages on our EWP sales.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $4.7 million, or 15%, to $35.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $31.2 million during the same period in the prior year. The increase was due primarily to the BROSCO acquisition on October 2, 2023, accelerated depreciation of $2.2 million in first quarter 2024 for the indefinite curtailment of lumber production at our Chapman, Alabama facility, as well as other capital expenditures. These increases were offset partially be decreases in depreciation related to fully depreciated assets.
Selling and distribution expenses increased $15.3 million, or 12%, to $144.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $128.8 million during the same period in the prior year. The increase was due primarily to higher employee-related expenses of $6.6 million and increased shipping and handling and occupancy costs of $2.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively. In addition, expenses related to advertising and professional services increased $1.5 million.
General and administrative expenses decreased $1.4 million, or 5%, to $25.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $26.5 million for the same period in the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in professional fees and incentive compensation, offset partially by an increase in employee-related expenses.
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Income From Operations
Income from operations increased $5.4 million to $133.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $127.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Wood Products. Segment income increased $1.8 million to $71.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $69.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in segment income was due primarily to higher EWP sales volumes, as well as higher plywood sales prices. These increases in segment income were offset partially by lower EWP sales prices and higher wood fiber costs. In addition, segment income was negatively impacted by accelerated depreciation of $2.2 million in first quarter 2024 for the indefinite curtailment of lumber production at our Chapman, Alabama facility.
Building Materials Distribution. Segment income increased $2.8 million to $72.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $69.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in segment income was driven by a gross margin increase of $22.9 million, resulting primarily from higher sales volumes and improved margins on general line and commodity products. The gross margin improvement was offset partially by increased selling and distribution expenses and depreciation and amortization expense of $16.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively.
Corporate. Unallocated corporate expenses decreased $0.8 million to $10.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $11.5 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease was due primarily to a decrease in professional fees.
Other
Interest Income. Interest income increased $0.9 million to $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $9.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was due primarily to higher interest rates on cash equivalents.
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps. For information related to our interest rate swap, see the discussion under "Interest Rate Risk and Interest Rate Swap" of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Income Tax Provision
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded $32.8 million and $33.3 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 24.0% and 25.6%, respectively. For both periods, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We ended first quarter 2024 with $890.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $445.5 million of debt. At March 31, 2024, we had $1,286.0 million of available liquidity (cash and cash equivalents and undrawn committed bank line availability). Our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $59.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as cash provided by operations was offset by capital spending, treasury stock purchases, dividends paid on our common stock, and tax withholding payments on stock-based awards. Further descriptions of our cash sources and uses for the three-month comparative periods are noted below.
We believe that our cash flows from operations, combined with our current cash levels and available borrowing capacity, will be adequate to fund debt service requirements and provide cash, as required, to support our ongoing operations, capital expenditures, lease obligations, working capital, income tax payments, and to pay cash dividends to holders of our common stock over the next 12 months. We expect to fund our seasonal and intra-month working capital requirements in 2024 from cash on hand and, if necessary, borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
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Sources and Uses of Cash
We generate cash primarily from sales of our products, as well as short-term and long-term borrowings. Our primary uses of cash are for expenses related to the manufacture and distribution of building products, including inventory purchased for resale, wood fiber, labor, energy, and glues and resins. In addition to paying for ongoing operating costs, we use cash to invest in our business, service our debt and lease obligations, and return cash to our shareholders through dividends or common stock repurchases. Below is a discussion of our sources and uses of cash for operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities.
Three Months Ended
March 31
2024 2023
(thousands)
Net cash provided by operations $ 27,462 $ 47,992
Net cash used for investment (37,158) (29,498)
Net cash used for financing (49,631) (16,117)
Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our operating activities generated $27.5 million of cash, compared with $48.0 million of cash generated in the same period in 2023. The $20.5 million decrease in cash provided by operations was due primarily to a greater year-over-year increase in working capital. Working capital increased $149.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with a $117.7 million increase for the same period in the prior year. See "Our Operating Results" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information related to factors affecting our operating results.
The increase in working capital during both periods was primarily attributable to higher receivables and inventories, offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The increase in receivables in both periods primarily reflect increased sales of approximately 19% and 26%, comparing sales for the months of March 2024 and 2023 with sales for the months of December 2023 and 2022, respectively. Inventories increased during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 in preparation for the spring building season. The increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2024 was related to the increase in inventories and extended terms offered by certain BMD vendors, offset partially by employee incentive compensation payouts made during the quarter. The increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2023 was related to the increase in inventories, offset partially by employee incentive compensation payouts made during the quarter and lower accrued rebates.
Investment Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we used $34.3 million and $30.1 million, respectively, of cash for purchases of property and equipment, including business improvement and quality/efficiency projects, replacement and expansion projects, and ongoing environmental compliance. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we also used $3.4 million of cash for post-transaction closing adjustments related to the BROSCO acquisition. For further discussion on the BROSCO acquisition, see Note 5, Acquisition, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Excluding potential acquisitions, we expect capital expenditures in 2024 to total approximately $250 million to $270 million. We expect our capital spending in 2024 will be for business improvement and quality/efficiency projects, replacement and expansion projects, and ongoing environmental compliance. Our 2024 capital expenditures range includes spending on previously announced projects to add I-joist production capabilities at our Thorsby EWP mill and converting a plywood layup line to a parallel laminated veneer line at our Chapman, Alabama plywood facility. At our Oakdale, Louisiana facility, multiple investment projects are planned over the next two years which include upgrade and redesign of the log utilization center, a new veneer dryer and press, and modification of an existing veneer dryer. In addition, our 2024 capital expenditures range includes spending on the previously announced greenfield distribution centers in Texas and South Carolina in our BMD segment. This level of capital expenditures could increase or decrease as a result of several factors, including acquisitions, efforts to further accelerate organic growth, exercise of lease purchase options, our financial results, future economic conditions, availability of engineering and construction resources, and timing and availability of equipment purchases.
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Financing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our financing activities used $49.6 million of cash, including $27.0 million for the repurchase of 205,938 shares of our common stock, $11.2 million for common stock dividend payments, and $11.0 million of tax withholding payments on stock-based awards. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we did not borrow under our revolving credit facility and therefore have no borrowings outstanding on the facility as of March 31, 2024.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our financing activities used $16.1 million of cash, including $8.3 million for common stock dividend payments, $5.9 million of tax withholding payments on stock-based awards, and $1.5 million for the repurchase of 24,727 shares of our common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we did not borrow under our revolving credit facility.
Future dividend declarations, including amount per share, record date and payment date, will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, legal capital requirements and surplus, our future operations and earnings, general financial condition, material cash requirements, restrictions imposed by our asset-based credit facility and the indenture governing our senior notes, applicable laws, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
For more information related to our debt transactions and structure, our dividend policy, and our stock repurchase program, see the discussion in Note 7, Debt, and Note 10, Stockholders' Equity, respectively, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Other Material Cash Requirements
For information about other material cash requirements, see Liquidity and Capital Resources in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2023 Form 10-K. As of March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes in other material cash requirements outside the ordinary course of business since December 31, 2023.
Guarantees
Note 8, Debt, and Note 16, Commitments, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, and Guarantees, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2023 Form 10-K describe the nature of our guarantees, including the approximate terms of the guarantees, how the guarantees arose, the events or circumstances that would require us to perform under the guarantees, and the maximum potential undiscounted amounts of future payments we could be required to make. As of March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to the guarantees disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.
Seasonal Influences
We are exposed to fluctuations in quarterly sales volumes and expenses due to seasonal factors. These seasonal factors are common in the building products industry. Seasonal changes in levels of building activity affect our building products businesses, which are dependent on housing starts, repair-and-remodeling activities, and light commercial construction activities. We typically report lower sales volumes in the first and fourth quarters due to the impact of poor weather on the construction market, and we generally have higher sales volumes in the second and third quarters, reflecting an increase in construction due to more favorable weather conditions. We typically have higher working capital in the first and second quarters in preparation and response to the building season. Seasonally cold weather increases costs, especially energy consumption costs, at most of our manufacturing facilities.
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Employees
As of April 28, 2024, we had approximately 7,310 employees. Approximately 18% of these employees work pursuant to collective bargaining agreements. As of April 28, 2024, we had ten collective bargaining agreements. Five agreements covering approximately 460 employees at our Elgin plywood plant, Kettle Falls plywood plant, and Woodinville BMD facility are set to expire on May 31, 2024. One agreement covering approximately 40 employees at our Vancouver BMD facility is set to expire on December 31, 2024. One agreement covering approximately 20 employees at our Billings BMD facility is set to expire on March 31, 2025. The terms and conditions of these agreements will remain in effect after expiration pending negotiation of new agreements. We may not be able to renew these agreements or may renew them on terms that are less favorable to us than the current agreements. If any of these agreements are not renewed or extended upon their termination, we could experience a material labor disruption, strike, or significantly increased labor costs at one or more of our facilities, either in the course of negotiations of a labor agreement or otherwise. Labor disruptions or shortages could prevent us from meeting customer demands or result in increased costs, thereby reducing our sales and profitability.
Disclosures of Financial Market Risks
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to financial risks such as changes in commodity prices, interest rates, and foreign currency exchange rates. As of March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to financial market risks disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.
Environmental
As of March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to environmental issues disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K. For additional information, see Environmental in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2023 Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Critical accounting estimates are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results. These estimates require management's most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to estimate matters that are inherently uncertain. We review the development, selection, and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our board of directors. For information about critical accounting estimates, see Critical Accounting Estimates in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2023 Form 10-K. At March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.
New and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
For information related to new and recently adopted accounting standards, see "New and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" in this Form 10-Q.