Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including changes in interest rates affecting the return on our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term and long-term investments and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Exposure
Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist principally of money market securities which are short-term in nature. At September 30, 2024 and 2023, our aggregate short-term and long-term investments were $200.6 million and $450.2 million, respectively, and consisted mostly of highly rated corporate debt securities, and U.S. government backed securities. At September 30, 2024 and 2023 the net unrealized loss position on marketable securities was $0.3 million and $6.9 million, respectively, which is included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would result in a $6.6 million annual change in interest income earned in fiscal year 2024.
As of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, we had no outstanding debt on our balance sheet.
Currency Rate Exposure
We have transactions and balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the transacting entity. Most of these transactions carrying foreign exchange risk are in Germany, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, and China. Sales in currencies other than the U.S. dollar were 26% and 24%, respectively, of our total sales for fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. These sales were made primarily by our foreign subsidiaries, which have cost structures that substantially align with the currency of sale.
In the normal course of our business, we have liquid assets denominated in non-functional currencies which include cash, short-term advances between our legal entities and accounts receivable which are subject to foreign currency exposure. Such balances were approximately $63.9 million and $157.8 million, respectively, at September 30, 2024 and 2023, and primarily relate to the Euro, British Pound, and the Chinese yuan. We mitigate the impact of potential currency translation losses on these short-term intercompany advances by the timely settlement of each transaction, generally within 30 days. We also utilize forward contracts to mitigate our exposures to currency movement. We incurred foreign currency losses of $3.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively, in fiscal years 2024 and 2023, which related to the currency fluctuation on these balances between the time the transaction occurred and the ultimate settlement of the transaction. A hypothetical 10% change in foreign exchange rates would result in an approximate change of $0.4 million in our net income during the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024.
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