10-Q
1
f10q0521_aurasystems.htm
QUARTERLY REPORT
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
Form
10-Q
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For
the quarterly period ended May 31, 2021
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For
the transition period from ______________ to ______________
AURA
SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact
name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
95-4106894
(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation
or organization)
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
No.)
20431
North Sea Circle
Lake
Forest, CA 92630
(Address
of principal executive offices and zip code)
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code: (310) 643-5300
Former
name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES
☐ NO ☒
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”
“smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
☐
Accelerated
Filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☒
Smaller Reporting Company
☒
Emerging growth company
☐
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
☒
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Indicate
the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
Outstanding
July 12, 2021
Common
Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
72,988,343
shares
AURA
SYSTEMS, INC.
INDEX
Index
Page
No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1
Condensed Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2021 and February 28, 2021
1
Condensed Statements of Operations for the Three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020
2
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020
3
Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit
4
Condensed Notes to Financial Statements
5
ITEM 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
14
ITEM 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
19
ITEM 4.
Controls and Procedures
19
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
20
ITEM 1.
Legal Proceedings
20
ITEM 1A.
Risk Factors
20
ITEM 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
21
ITEM 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
21
ITEM 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
21
ITEM 5.
Other Information
21
ITEM 6.
Exhibits
22
SIGNATURES AND CERTIFICATIONS
23
i
ITEM
1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AURA SYSTEMS, INC.
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
May 31,
2021
February 28,
2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 187,702
$ 390,702
Inventory
124,529
94,166
Other current assets
91,751
115,202
Total current assets
403,982
600,070
Fixed Assets, net
30,620
14,870
Right-of-use asset
1,127,670
1,168,053
Deposit
159,595
159,595
Total assets
$ 1,721,868
$ 1,942,589
Liabilities & Shareholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$ 1,892,923
$ 1,880,172
Accrued expenses
1,529,273
1,288,107
Customer advances
440,331
440,331
Operating lease liability
160,742
110,587
Notes payable, current portion
100,181
198,331
Notes payable and accrued interest-related party
12,374,486
12,165,015
Total current liabilities
16,497,936
16,082,543
Convertible note payable-related party
3,000,000
3,000,000
Notes payable, non-current
246,360
159,922
Convertible notes payable
1,402,971
1,402,971
Operating lease liability, non-current
1,003,897
1,046,902
Total liabilities
22,151,163
21,692,339
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
-
-
Shareholders’ deficit
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; 150,000,000 shares
authorized at May 31, 2021 and February 28, 2021; 72,972,775 and 71,107,442 issued and outstanding at May 31, 2021 and February 28,
2021, respectively.
7,297
7,111
Additional paid-in capital
446,555,737
446,126,638
Accumulated deficit
(466,992,329 )
(465,883,499 )
Total shareholders’ deficit
(20,429,295 )
(19,749,750 )
Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficit
$ 1,721,868
$ 1,942,589
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
1
AURA SYSTEMS, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
Three-Months Ended
May 31,
2021
May 31,
2020
Net revenue
$ 23,937
$ 48,633
Cost of goods sold
49,311
40,393
Gross profit (loss)
(25,374 )
8,240
Operating expenses
Engineering, research & development
80,595
33,994
Selling, general & administration
812,681
343,559
Total operating expenses
893,276
377,553
Loss from operations
(918,650 )
(369,313 )
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense, net
269,575
289,688
Gain on debt settlement
(4,292 )
(46,000 )
Forgiveness of PPP loan
(75,104 )
-
Other income
-
(7,000 )
Loss before tax provision
(1,108,829 )
(606,001 )
Income tax provision
-
-
Net loss
$ (1,108,829 )
$ (606,001 )
Basic and diluted loss per share
$ (0.02 )
$ (0.01 )
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
71,932,398
57,072,794
See
accompanying notes to these unaudited financial statements.
2
AURA SYSTEMS, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
Three-Months Ended
May 31,
2021
May 31,
2020
Net loss
$ (1,108,829 )
$ (606,001 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities
Depreciation
772
-
Gain on write-off of liabilities
(4,292 )
-
Forgiveness of PPP loan
(75,104 )
-
Stock-based compensation expense
146,284
77,599
Changes in working capital assets and liabilities:
Inventory
(30,363 )
931
Other current assets
23,452
1,070
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
199,562
55,742
Accrued interest on notes payable
270,274
289,622
Operating lease liability
47,532
-
Cash used in operating activities
(530,713 )
(181,037 )
Cash used in investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
(16,522 )
-
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock
283,000
235,000
Payments of notes payable
(30,000 )
(10,000 )
Proceeds from Federal PPP loans
91,235
74,405
Cash provided by financing activities
344,235
299,405
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(202,999 )
118,368
Beginning cash
390,702
19,807
Ending cash
$ 187,702
$ 138,174
Cash paid in the period for:
Interest
$ -
$ -
Income taxes
$ -
$ -
See
accompanying notes to these unaudited financial statements.
3
AURA SYSTEMS, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(Unaudited)
Common
Stock
Shares
Common
Stock
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Shareholders’
Deficit
Balance, February 29, 2020
56,400,874
$ 5,639
$ 443,417,452
$ (466,726,027 )
$ (23,302,937 )
Shares issued for cash
1,358,333
135
234,865
-
235,000
Stock-based compensation expense
-
-
77,599
-
77,599
Net loss
-
-
-
(606,001 )
(606,001 )
Balance, May 31, 2020
57,759,207
$ 5,774
$ 443,729,916
$ (467,332,029 )
$ (23,596,339 )
Balance, February 28, 2021
71,107,442
$ 7,111
$ 446,126,638
$ (465,883,499 )
$ (19,749,750 )
Shares issued for cash
1,865,333
186
282,815
-
283,001
Stock-based compensation expense
-
-
146,284
146,284
Net loss
-
-
-
(1,108,829 )
(1,108,829 )
Balance, May 31, 2021
72,972,775
$ 7,297
$ 446,555,737
$ (466,992,328 )
$ (20,429,295 )
See
accompanying notes to these unaudited financial statements.
4
AURA
SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE
1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature
of Operations
Aura
Systems, Inc., (“Aura”, “We” or the “Company”) a Delaware corporation, was founded to engage in the
development, commercialization, and sale of products, systems, and components, using its patented and proprietary electromagnetic technology.
Aura develops and sells AuraGen ® axial flux mobile induction power systems to the industrial, commercial, and defense
mobile power generation markets.
Basis
of Presentation
In
the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature
that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. However, the results of operations included
in such financial statements may not necessary be indicative of annual results.
The
Company uses the same accounting policies in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures
normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be
read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2021 (“Fiscal 2021”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)
on June 1, 2021 (“2021 Form 10-K.”).
Our
fiscal year ends on the last day of February. Accordingly, the current fiscal year is ending on February 28, 2022; we refer to the current
fiscal as Fiscal 2022. The prior fiscal year is Fiscal 2021.
Significant
Accounting Policies
For
a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to Note 2 — “Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies,” in our financial statements included in Company’s 2021 Form 10-K.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recently
Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In
February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842) - Amendments
to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting
Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which amends the effective date of the original pronouncement for smaller reporting
companies. ASU 2016-13 and its amendments will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2022. The Company believes the adoption will modify the way the Company analyzes financial instruments, but it does
not anticipate a material impact on results of operations. The Company is in the process of determining the effects adoption will have
on its financial statements.
In
August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives
and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 – 40), (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies
the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and
contracts on an entity’s own equity. The ASU2020-06 amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023,
and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its financial
statements.
5
NOTE
2 – GOING CONCERN
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. During the
three-month period ended May 31, 2021, the Company reported a net loss of approximately $1.1 million and negative cash flows from
operating activities of $0.5 million, respectively. In the event the Company is unable to generate profits and is unable to obtain
financing for its working capital requirements, it may have to curtail its business further or cease business altogether. These
factors raise substantial doubts about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Substantial
additional capital resources will be required to fund continuing expenditures related to our research, development, manufacturing and
business development activities. The Company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient
cash flow to meet its obligations on a timely basis, to retain its current financing, to obtain additional financing, and ultimately
to attain profitability.
During
the next twelve months we intend to continue to attempt to increase the Company’s operations and focus on the sale of our AuraGen ®® /VIPER products
both domestically and internationally and to add to our existing management team. In addition, we plan to complete the move to our new
facility for operations, rebuild the engineering and sales teams, and to the extent appropriate, utilize third party contractors to support
the operation. We anticipate being able to obtain new sources of funding to support these actions in the upcoming fiscal year.
6
NOTE
3 – NOTES PAYABLE
Non-related
party and related party notes payable principal and accrued interest amounts consisted of the following:
Non-Related Party Promissory Notes (see below)
May 31,
2021
February 28,
2021
Demand promissory notes payable with Mr. Zeitlen as of May 31, 2021 and February 22, 2021, respectively, carrying an interest rate of 10% (see Demand Promissory Notes below)
$ 10,000
$ 10,000
Messrs. Abdou note payable
90,181
120,181
U.S. Payroll Protection Plan loan program
91,235
74,405
U.S. Small Business Administration-Economic Injury Disaster Loan
155,125
153,668
Total
Demand and Notes Payable
346,541
358,254
Convertible Promissory Note originally dated August 10, 2012, due January 11, 2023, convertible into shares of our common stock at a price of $0.76 per share, carrying interest rate of 5%. See Convertible Promissory Notes – Dalrymple August 2012 for further details.
264,462
264,462
Convertible Promissory Note originally dated October 2, 2012, due January 11, 2023, convertible into shares of our common stock at a price of $0.76 per share, carrying interest rate of 5%. See Convertible Promissory Notes – Dalrymple October 2012 for further details.
133,178
133,178
Senior secured convertible notes originally dated May 7, 2013, due January 11, 2023, convertible into shares of our common stock at a price of $0.75 per share, carrying interest rate of 5%. See Convertible Debt – Kenmont Capital Partners, LPD Investments and Guenther for further details.
945,825
945,825
Senior secured convertible notes originally dated June 20, 2013, due January 11, 2023, convertible into shares of our common stock at a price of $0.50 per share, carrying interest rate of 5%. See Convertible Debt – Dresner and Lempert for further details.
59,506
59,506
Total Convertible Promissory Notes
1,402,971
1,402,971
Accrued Interest - convertible, demand and notes payable
259,180
239,038
Total Non-Related Party
2,008,692
2,000,263
Notes Payable-Related Party
Convertible Note payable and accrued interest – related party, carrying an interest rate of 5% - see Note 6, Breslow Note, for further details
3,450,719
3,412,911
Kopple Notes Payable-related party, see Kopple Notes, Note 6:
11,525,192
11,317,787
Mel Gagerman Note Payable, see Gagerman, Note 6:
149,294
147,227
On November
20, 2019, the Company entered into a preliminary agreement with Jiangsu Shengfeng, the Company’s Chinese joint venture.
Payment terms consist of a non-interest bearing promissory note and a payment plan pursuant to which the $700,000 is paid over a
12-month period beginning March 15, 2020 through February 15, 2021.
700,000
700,000
Total Related Party
15,825,204
15,577,925
Total notes payable and accrued interest
17,833,896
17,578,188
Less: Current portion
$ (13,184,565 )
$ (13,015,295 )
Long-term portion
$ 4,649,331
$ 4,562,893
Demand
Promissory Note
Demand
promissory note in the amount of $10,000 as of May 31, 2021 and February 28, 2021 is for Mr. Zeitlen, a former director of the Company,
issued in September 2015, with an interest rate of 10% per annum.
7
Abdou
and Abdou
On
June 20, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with two individuals, Mr. M. Abdou and Mr. W. Abdou, for the sale of $125,000 of
secured convertible notes payable (the “Notes”) and warrants. The Notes had a 1-year maturity date and were convertible into
shares of common stock at the conversion price of $0.50 per share. The warrants were subsequently exercised. The Company recorded $24,470
as a discount, which has been fully amortized. There is a remaining balance of $125,000 as of February 28, 2019. In 2016, the Company
and the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, Melvin Gagerman, were named among several other defendants in a lawsuit filed
by Messrs. Abdou demanding repayment of loans totaling $125,000 plus accrued interest and exemplary damages. In January 2017, the Company
entered into an agreement with all secured creditors other than Mr. W. Abdou and Mr. M. Abdou. In September 2018, the court entered a
judgment of approximately $235,000 plus legal fees of in favor of the Messrs. Abdou. The Company subsequently appealed this judgment
and, in September 2019, reached a settlement agreement with these creditors for a principal amount of $325,000, of which approximately
$90,000 and $120,000 were outstanding as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively.
Paycheck
Protection Plan Loans
During
April 2020, the Company ceased operations for approximately 6 weeks in compliance with State of California and the County of Orange public
health pronouncements associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 23, 2020, we obtained a Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”)
loan in the amount of approximately $74,400 pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).
Interest on the loan is at the rate of 1% per year, and all loan payments are deferred for six months, at which time the balance is payable
in 18 monthly installments if not forgiven in accordance with the CARES Act and the terms of the promissory note executed by the Company
in connection with the loan. The promissory note contains events of default and other provisions customary for a loan of this type. As
required, the Company used the PPP loan proceeds for payroll, healthcare benefits, rent and other qualifying expenses. The program provides
that the use of PPP Loan amount shall be limited to certain qualifying expenses and may be partially or wholly forgiven in accordance
with the requirements set forth in the CARES Act. On April 1, 2021, the company received notification that the principal amount of $74,400
and accrued interest of approximately $700 were forgiven under the terms of the loan program and were recorded as a forgiveness of debt
on the Condensed Statements of Operations for the three-months ended May 31, 2021.
On
March 3, 2021, the Company received $91,235 pursuant to Paycheck Protection Program Second Draw (“PPP2”) in accordance with
legislation approved in December 2020. The terms and conditions of this loan is the same as PPP with the principal amount of $91,325
recognized as part of notes payable, non-current on the balance sheet as of May 31, 2021.
Economic
Injury Disaster Loan
Entities
negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic were eligible to apply for loans sponsored by the United States Small Business Administration
(“SBA”) Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL Loan”) program. On July 1, 2020, the Company received cash proceeds
of $149,900 under this program. The proceeds can be used to fund payroll, healthcare benefits, rent and other qualifying expenses, and
the loan is not subject to a loan forgiveness provision. The standard EIDL Loan repayment terms include interest accrues at 3.75% per
annum effective July 1, 2020; the payment schedule contains a one-year deferral period on initial principal and interest payments; the
loan term is thirty years; The Company pledged the assets of the Company as collateral for the loan; and there is no prepayment penalty
or fees. As of May 31 and February 28, 2021, the amounts outstanding, including accrued interest of $5,224 and $3,768, respectively,
are $155,125 and $153,668, respectively, and are classified as part of notes payable, non-current on the May 31 and February 28, 2021
balance sheets. On January 6, 2021, the SBA announced a one-year extension of the deferral period for loans that commenced in 2020 delaying
payments of principal and interest to July 2022.
Convertible
Notes Payable
Kenmont
Capital Partners
On
May 7 and September 25, 2013, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements for senior convertible notes in the aggregate amount
of approximately $1,807,000 (“New Kenmont Notes”) and warrants to Kenmont Capital Partners LP. The New Kenmont Notes had
a 1-year maturity date and were convertible into shares of common stock at the conversion price of $0.75 per share. The warrants were
subsequently exercised. On October 31, 2016, the Securities Purchase Agreements were amended and restated to include a provision for
mandatory redemption in which 80% of the principal and accrued interest amount of approximately $2,750,000, or approximately $2,200,000,
was converted into common shares at a conversion price of $0.75 per share. There was a remaining balance of $549,954 as of May 31 and
February 28, 2021, respectively.
8
LPD
Investments
On
May 7, 2013, the Company transferred 2 note payables with a total principal value of $550,000 together with accrued interest to a senior
secured convertible note with a principal value of $558,700 (“New LPD Note”) and warrants to LPD Investments, Ltd. The New
LPD Note had a 1-year maturity date and was convertible into shares of common stock at the conversion price of $0.75 per share. The warrants
were subsequently exercised. The Company recorded $175,793 as a discount, which has been fully amortized. There is a remaining balance
of $163,677 as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively.
Guenther
On
May 7, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with an individual, Mr. Guenther, for the sale of $750,000 of secured convertible
note payable (the “Note”) and warrants. The Note had a 1-year maturity date and was convertible into shares of common stock
at the conversion price of $0.75 per share. The warrants entitle the holder to acquire 1,000,000 shares and have an initial exercise
price of $0.75 per share and have a 7-year term. The Company recorded $235,985 as a discount, which has been fully amortized. There is
a remaining balance of $232,194 as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively.
Dresner
and Lempert
On
June 20, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with two individuals, Mr. Dresner and Dr. Lempert, for the sale of $200,000 of secured
convertible notes payable (the “Notes”) and warrants. The Notes had a 1-year maturity date and were convertible into shares
of common stock at the conversion price of $0.50 per share. The warrants were subsequently exercised. The Company recorded $39,152 as
a discount, which has been fully amortized. During Fiscal 2020, Dr. Lempert converted his share of the amount outstanding into common
shares and the balance outstanding of $59,506 as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively, is for Dresner exclusively.
Dalrymple
– August 2012
On
August 10, 2012, the Company entered into an agreement with an individual, Mr. Dalrymple, for the sale of $1,000,000 of unsecured
Convertible Promissory Note. The Convertible Promissory Note balance together with all accrued interest thereon was due and payable on
August 10, 2017 and the annual interest rate was 7% per annum and was due to be repaid 5 years from the closing date. On January
11, 2018, the note was renegotiated with a final payment date of January 11, 2023 with an annual interest rate of 5%. The Company
recorded $310,723 as a debt discount, which will be amortized over the life of the note . There is a remaining balance of
$264,462 as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively.
Dalrymple
– October 2012
On
October 2, 2012, the Company entered into an agreement with an individual, Mr. Dalrymple, for the sale of $500,000 of unsecured
Convertible Promissory Note. This Convertible Promissory Note balance together with all accrued interest thereon was due and payable
on October 2, 2017 and the annual interest rate was 7% per annum and was due to be repaid 5 years from the closing date. On January
11, 2018, the note was renegotiated with a final payment date of January 11, 2023 with an annual interest rate of 5%. The Company
recorded $137,583 as a debt discount, which will be amortized over the life of the note . There is a remaining balance of
$133,178 as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively.
On
January 30, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement entitled First Amendment to Transaction Documents with five of seven secured
creditors holding a security interest in all of the Company’s assets except for its patents and other intellectual properties.
All of the creditors entered into the January 30, 2017 agreement with the exception of Mr. W. Abdou and Mr. M. Abdou. The original agreement
dated May 7, 2013 provided that if at least 75% of the stock issuable upon conversion of the convertible notes votes to amend the agreement
and/or waive any conditions or defaults, then any such amendments or waivers shall be binding on all secured creditors. The five secured
creditors signing the amendment total in excess of 95% of the issuable stock upon conversion and, therefore the agreement is binding
on all seven of the secured creditors. The agreement provided that all accrued and unpaid interest will be added to the principal amount.
The amended note provided for no interest from November 1, 2016 to February 14, 2018, the date at which the 1-for-7 reverse stock split
became effective at which time 80% of the total debt including accrued interest was converted into shares of common stock and a new five
year 5% per annum convertible note was issued for the remainder. The new amended and restated senior convertible notes have a maturity
date of January 30, 2022. The five creditors and the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Transaction Documents on March 14, 2017
and a Third Amendment to Transaction Documents on April 8, 2017, both of which extended the required date of the stockholder approval
of the 1-for-7 reverse stock split, which approval was obtained in January 2018. The amended and restated senior convertible notes also
require the Company to make a “Required Cash Payment” as defined in the agreement if the Company receives at least $4,000,000
in aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of equity securities (including securities convertible into equity securities) of the Company
in one or a series of related transactions. The Required Cash Payment is equal to the current outstanding balance of the notes, which
was approximately $1,005,000 as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively, plus any outstanding accrued interest.
9
NOTE
4 – ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued
expenses consisted of the following as of the periods referenced below:
May 31,
2021
February 28,
2021
Accrued payroll and related expenses
640,729
547,412
Accrued interest
259,180
239,038
Accrued interest-related party
450,719
412,911
Other accrued expenses
178,647
88,747
$ 1,529,275
$ 1,288,107
Accrued
payroll and related expenses consist primarily of salaries and vacation time accrued in prior years but not paid to employees due to
our lack of financial resources (see Note 7). Accrued interest consists of amounts due (see Note 3) to holders of convertible promissory
notes of $1.4 million and for demand and other promissory notes of approximately $0.3 million at May 31, 2021. The accrued interest-related
party is related to principal amount due to Mr. Breslow of $3.0 million as of May 31 and February 28, 2021 (see Note 6).
NOTE
5 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common
Stock
During
the three-months ended May 31, 2021, the Company issued approximately 1,865,000 shares of common stock for $283,000 in cash, respectively.
During the three-months ended May 31, 2020 the Company issued approximately 1,358,000 shares of common stock for $235,000.
Employee
Options and Warrants
The
2011 Director and Executive Officers Stock Option Plan
In
October 2011, shareholders approved the 2011 Director and Executive Officers Stock Option Plan at the Company’s annual meeting.
Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may grant options for up to 15% of the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company from time to
time outstanding, with a contractual option term of five-years, and a vesting period not less than six-months and one day following date
of grant. In the three-months ended May 31, 2020, the Board of Directors approved grants of 250,000 stock options to each board member
for an aggregate of 1,250,000 options, with an exercise price of $0.25 per option and at a market price of $0.16 on March 19, 2020, the
date of grant.
On
February 25, 2021 and during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Board approved the grant of 500,000 stock options to our president
with an exercise price of $0.50, vesting in equal increments over a twelve-month period and a five-year contractual term. On December
10, 2020 and during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Board approved aggregate grants of 1,000,000 stock options to the four other
board members with an exercise price of $0.25, vesting in equal increments over a twelve-month period and a five-year contractual term.
The following table provides the assumptions required to apply the Black-Scholes Merton option model to determine the fair value of the
stock options as of the grant date:
Options Issued
During the
Three-Months Ended
May 31,
2021
Options Issued
During the
Three-Months Ended
February 28,
2021
Exercise Price
$ 0.50
$ 0.25-$0.50
Share Price
$ 0.27
$ 0.24-$0.35
Volatility %
226 %
226 %
Risk-Free Rate
0.27 %
0.16%-0.34 %
Expected Term (yrs)
2.80
2.80
Dividend Rate
0 %
0 %
The
aggregate fair value of the 1,250,000 options granted in March 2020 is approximately $194,000, or $0.155 per option, with $77,599 recorded
as part of sales, general and administration expense during the three months ended May 31, 2020.
The
aggregate fair value of the 1,500,000 options granted in December 2020 and February 2021 is approximately $382,500, or $0.255 per option,
with $146,300 recorded as part of sales, general and administration expense during the three months ended May 31, 2021.
10
The
following tables provide additional information regarding stock options outstanding and exercisable under the 2011 Director and Executive
Officers Stock Option Plan for the three-months ended May 31, 2021:
Directors
and Officers 2011 plan
Number of
Options
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding, February 28, 2021
3,790,001
$ 0.60
$ 225,000
Granted
-
-
-
Exrecised
-
-
-
Cancelled
-
-
-
Outstanding, May 31, 2021
3,790,001
$ 0.60
$ 225,000
Range of
Exercise Price
Stock Options
Outstanding
Stock Options
Exercisable
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price of
Options
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price of
Optipons
Exercisable
$ 0.25 to $1.40
3,790,001
2,831,668
3.48
$ 0.60
$ 0.51
Warrants
Historically,
warrants have been issued to investors and others for services and enticements to invest funds with the Company. Generally, these warrants
fully vest immediately or within a 90-day period from the date of grant and have an expiration date of five-years from the date of grant.
With grants dated prior to Fiscal 2021, an exercise price of $1.40 has been used with all warrants. No warrants were issued in the three-months
ended May 31, 2021.
Activity
in issued and outstanding warrants is as follows for the three-months ended May 31, 2021:
Number
of Warrants
Exercise
Price
Outstanding, February 28, 2021
5,662,272
$ 1.40
Granted
-
-
Exrecised
-
-
Cancelled
-
-
Outstanding, May 31, 2021
5,662,272
$ 1.40
Other
information related to the warrants outstanding and exercisable as of May 31, 2021 follows:
Range of
Exercise Price
Stock Warrants
Outstanding
Stock Warrants
Exercisable
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price of
Warrants
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price of
Warrants
Exercisable
$ 1.40
5,662,272
5,662,272
1.48
$ 1.40
$ 1.40
11
NOTE
6 – RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS
Notes
payable-related party, non-current - $3,000,000 on the condensed balance sheets as of May 31 and February 28, 2021 consists of
the Breslow Note as described below:
Breslow
Note
On
January 24, 2017, the Company entered into a Debt Refinancing Agreement with Mr. Breslow, a former Director of the Company. Pursuant
to the agreement, both Mr. Breslow and the Company acknowledged that total debt owed to Mr. Breslow was $23,872,614 including $8,890,574
of accrued interest. Mr. Breslow agreed to cancel and forgive all interest due, waive all events of default and sign a new five-year
convertible note in the amount of $14,982,041 providing for no interest for six months and interest of 5% per annum thereafter payable
monthly in arrears. The note also provides various default provisions. In accordance with the agreement, on February 14, 2018, the effective
date of the 1-for-7 reverse stock split, $11,982,041 of the note was converted into 7,403,705 shares of common stock and the then accrued
interest of $9,388,338 was forgiven. A new $3,000,000 convertible five-year note representing the remaining balance was entered into
at a conversion rate of $1.40. The note bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum payable monthly in arrears with accrued interest of
$450,719 and $412,911 recorded as accrued interest-related party (see Note 4) as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively.
Notes
payable and accrued interest-related party, current - $12,374,486 on the condensed balance sheet as of May 31, 2021 and $12,165,015
as of February 28, 2021 consists of the Kopple Notes, the Gagerman Note and the Jiangsu Shengfeng Note as set forth below:
Kopple
Notes
As
of May 31 and February 28, 2021, the principal amount owed to Robert Kopple (former Vice-Chairman of our Board) of $5,607,323 was unchanged.
As of May 31, 2021, accrued interest of $5,917,869 was owed to Mr. Kopple for a total balance of $11,525,192. As of February 28, 2021,
accrued interest of $5,710,464 was owed to Mr. Kopple for a total balance of $11,317,787.
On
August 19, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Robert Kopple, a former member of its Board of Directors for the sale of
$2,500,000 of convertible notes payable (the “Kopple Notes”) and warrants. The Kopple Notes carried a base interest rate
of 9.5%, have a 4-year maturity date and were convertible into shares of common stock at the conversion price of $3.50 per share (conversion
feature expired in 2017). The warrants were subsequently exercised. The Company recorded $667,118 as a discount, which has been fully
amortized. The Company also entered into a demand note payable with this individual in the amount of $20,000, which bears interest at
a rate of 5% per annum.
Gagerman
Note
On
May 31, 2021, the Gagerman note consisted of $82,000 of unsecured note payable plus accrued interest of $67,294 for a total owed to Melvin
Gagerman of $149,294, the Company’s former CEO and CFO, pursuant to a demand note entered into on April 5, 2014. Interest accrues
at 10% per annum. On February 28, 2021, the amount owed to Gagerman was $147,227.
Jiangsu
Shengfeng Note
The
Jiangsu Shengfeng non-interest-bearing promissory note of $700,000 was issued in connection with a return of a customer advance. This
promissory note, dated November 20, 2019, is with the Company’s Chinese joint venture and consists of a payment plan pursuant to
which the $700,000 would be paid over a 12-month period. The principal amount is classified as part of notes payable and accrued interest-related
party, current, on the condensed balance sheets as of May 31 and February 28, 2021.
12
NOTE
7 – COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES
Leases
Prior
to Fiscal 2022, our facilities consisted primarily of approximately 20,000 square feet in Stanton, California and a storage facility
in Santa Clarita, California. Effective February 28, 2021, we vacated both facilities and consolidated our administrative offices, operations
including warehousing within a 17,700 square foot facility in Lake Forest, California under a 66-month rental agreement covering March
1, 2021 through August 31, 2026, with an initial monthly rental rate of approximately $22,000 increasing to a monthly rate of approximately
$26,000 in 2026. At February 28, 2021, in accordance with ASC Topic 842, we recognized a right of use (“ROU”) asset and an
operating lease liability of approximately $1.2 million, respectively, of which approximately $0.1 million was classified as a current
liability and $1.1 million as non-current liability at February 28, 2021. The lease liability is determined by discounting the future
lease payments under the lease terms and applying a 10% per annum discount rate to determine the current lease liability. Operating expenses
estimated to be approximately $4,000 per month are considered a variable lease component and excluded from the determination of the ROU
asset and the lease liability. Other operating expenses, such as utilities and property taxes, are similarly excluded in the calculation
of the ROU as they do not represent goods and services provided by the lessor under the terms of the lease. At May 31, 2021, the ROU
asset balance was approximately $1,128,000 and the total lease liability was approximately $1,165,000, of which approximately $161,000
was classified as a current liability.
Contingencies
We
are subject to the legal proceedings and claims discussed below as well as certain other legal proceedings and claims that have not been
fully resolved and that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Our management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings
individually and in the aggregate and evaluates potential losses on such litigation if the amount of the loss is estimable and the loss
is probable. However, the outcome of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company is subject to significant uncertainty.
Although management considers the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against
the Company for amounts in excess of management’s expectations, the Company’s financial statements for that reporting period
could be materially adversely affected.
In
2017, the Company’s former COO was awarded approximately $238,000 in accrued salary and related charges by the California labor
board. The Company believes that this award does not reflect the amount owed which is significantly lower and is exploring all its options
and available remedies and is working toward an offer to settle this matter. This amount is part of accrued expenses in the condensed
balance sheets as of May 31 and February 28, 2021.
The
Company is presently engaged in a dispute with one of its former directors, Robert Kopple, relating to approximately $11.5 million (representing
approximately $5.4 million loaned to the Company over the course of 2013 to 2016; approximately $170,000 Mr. Kopple claims to have advanced
or paid to third parties on Aura’s behalf; and approximately $5.9 million Mr. Kopple claims to be owed for interest, loan fees
and late payment charges) and approximately 3.33 million warrants which Mr. Kopple claims to be owed to him and his affiliates by the
Company. In July 2017, Mr. Kopple filed suit against the Company as well as against current director Mr. Diaz-Verson and former directors
Mr. Breslow and Mr. Howsmon, as well as Mr. Gagerman, our former CEO and a former director, in connection with these allegations. In
2018, the Court dismissed Mr. Diaz-Verson, Mr. Breslow, Mr. Howsmon and Mr. Gagerman from the suit. While the Company believes that it
has certain valid defenses in these matters, the Company is currently in settlement discussions with Mr. Kopple. However, to-date,
no settlement has been reached in large part because Mr. Kopple continues to demand that as part of any such settlement, he receive unilateral
control over significant aspects of the Company’s financial and management functions such as, but not limited to, the right to
unilaterally direct the Company’s ordinary business expenditures and requiring the Company to seek his approval for the hiring
of nearly all personnel, all to the exclusion of the Company’s management team and stockholder-elected Board of Directors. The
Company believes that allowing Mr. Kopple such level of operational control over the Company without any accountability would be highly
detrimental to the Company and is incompatible with the Board of Directors’ duties to shareholders and creditors as a whole.
On
March 26, 2019, various stockholders of the Company controlling a combined total of more than 27.5 million shares delivered a signed
written consent to the Company removing Ronald Buschur as a member of the Company’s Board and electing Cipora Lavut as a
director of the Company. On March 27, 2019, those same stockholders delivered a further signed written consent to the Company
removing William Anderson and Si Ryong Yu as members of the Company’s Board and electing Robert Lempert and David Mann as
directors of the Company. These written consents represented a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common
stock as of March 26, 2019 and March 27, 2019, respectively. Because of Aura’s refusal to recognize the legal
effectiveness of the consents, on April 8, 2019 the stockholders filed suit in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware
pursuant to Section 225 of the Delaware General Corporations Law, seeking an order confirming the validity of the consents and
declaring that Aura’s Board consists of Ms. Lavut, Mr. Mann, Dr. Lempert, Mr. Douglas and
Mr. Diaz-Versón, Jr. On July 8, 2019 the Court of Chancery entered final judgment in favor of the stockholder
plaintiffs, confirming that (a) Ronald Buschur, Si Ryong Yu and William Anderson had been validly removed by the holders of a
majority of the Company’s outstanding stock acting by written consent (b) Ms. Lavut, Mr. Mann and Dr. Lempert had been validly
elected by the holders of a majority of the Company’s outstanding stock acting by written consent, and (c) the Company’s
Board of Directors validly consists of Cipora Lavut, David Mann, Robert Lempert, Gary Douglas and Salvador Diaz-Versón, Jr.
As a result of prior management’s unsuccessful opposition to this stockholders’ action filed in the Court of Chancery,
such stockholders may be potentially entitled to recoup their litigation costs from the Company under Delaware’s corporate
benefit doctrine and/or other legal provisions. To-date, no final determination has been made as to the amount of recoupment, if
any, to which such stockholders may be entitled.
13
ITEM
2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward
Looking Statements
This
Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Statements other than statements of historical
fact included in this Report, including the statements under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations,” regarding future events or prospects are forward-looking statements. The words “approximates,”
“believes,” “forecasts,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,”
“plans” “would,” “could,” “should,” “seek,” “may,” or other similar
expressions in this Report, as well as other statements regarding matters that are not historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements.
We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this Report are based on the beliefs of, assumptions made by, and
information currently available to, us. Such statements are based on assumptions and the actual outcome will be affected by known and
unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control or ability to predict. Although we believe that our assumptions
are reasonable, they are not guarantees of future performance and some will inevitably prove to be incorrect. As a result, our actual
future results may differ from our expectations, and those differences may be material. Accordingly, investors should use caution in
relying on forward-looking statements to anticipate future results or trends.
Some
of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed
or implied by forward-looking statements include the following:
● Our
ability to generate positive cash flow from operations;
● Our
ability to obtain additional financing to fund our operations;
● The
impact of economic, political and market conditions on us and our customers;
● The
impact of unfavorable results of legal proceedings;
● Our
exposure to potential liability arising from possible errors and omissions, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of duty of care, waste of
corporate assets and/or similar claims that may be asserted against us;
● Our
ability to compete effectively against competitors offering different technologies;
● Our
business development and operating development;
● Our
expectations of growth in demand for our products; and
● Other
risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and those risks
discussed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those risks discussed under the caption “Risk
Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2021, issued on June 1, 2021 (as the same may
be updated from time to time in subsequent quarterly reports), which discussion is incorporated herein by this reference.
We
do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise except
to the extent required by law. You should interpret all subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons
acting on our behalf as being expressly qualified by the cautionary statements in this Report. As a result, you should not place undue
reliance on these forward-looking statements.
Overview
Our
business is based on the exploitation of our Axial Flux Induction solution known as the AuraGen ® for commercial and industrial
applications and the VIPER for military applications. Our business model consists of two major components: (i) sales and marketing, (ii)
design and engineering. Our sales and marketing approaches are composed of direct sales in North America and the use of agents, distributors.
In North America, our primary focus is in (a) mobile exportable power applications, (b) EV applications and (c) U.S. Military applications.
The second component of our business model is focused on the design of new products and engineering support for the sales activities
described above. The engineering support consists of the introduction of new features for our AuraGen ® /VIPER solution
such as higher power/torque solutions, and different input and output voltages (DC and AC input and output versions)
14
During
Fiscal 2018 and Fiscal 2019, the Company’s engineering, manufacturing, sales, and marketing activities were reduced while we focused
on renegotiating numerous financial obligations. During this time, the Company’s agreements with numerous customers, third party
vendors, and organizations and entities material to the operation of the Company business were canceled, delayed or terminated. During
Fiscal 2018, the Company successfully restructured in excess of $30 million of debt. Robert Kopple, our former Vice Chairman of the Board,
was the only significant unsecured note holder that did not executed formal agreements regarding the restructure of his debt. Mr. Kopple
claims that he and his affiliates are presently owed approximately $11.5 million. We dispute Mr. Kopple’s claims. See “Item
3. Legal Proceedings” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2021 and Part II, Other Information, contained in this
Quarterly Report for information regarding the dispute with Mr. Kopple regarding these transactions. As of the filing of this Quarterly
Report, Mr. Kopple has not accepted our numerous offers to settle this debt and continues to demand that as part of any such resolution,
he receive unilateral control over significant aspects of the Company’s financial and management functions such as, but not limited
to, the right to unilaterally direct the Company’s ordinary business expenditures and requiring the Company to seek his approval
for the hiring of nearly all personnel, all to the exclusion n of the Company’s management team and stockholder-elected Board of
Directors. The Company believes that allowing Mr. Kopple such level of operational control over the Company without any accountability
would be highly detrimental to the Company and is incompatible with the Board of Directors’ duties to shareholders and creditors
as a whole.
In
Fiscal 2019, we effectuated a one-for-seven reverse stock split and began increasing our engineering and manufacturing activities.
In
Fiscal 2020 stockholders of the Company successfully removed Ronald Buschur, William Anderson and Si Ryong Yu from the Company’s
Board of Directors and elected Ms. Cipora Lavut, Mr. David Mann and Dr. Robert Lempert as directors of the Company in their stead. See
Item 3, Legal Proceedings for more information. Also, in Fiscal 2020, Melvin Gagerman –– Aura’s CEO and CFO since 2006
–– was replaced. In July 2019 Ms. Lavut succeeded Mr. Gagerman as President and Mr. Mann succeeded Mr. Gagerman as CFO. Dr.
Lempert was appointed as Secretary of the Company by the Board of Directors also in July 2019. In the second half of Fiscal 2020, the
Company began significantly increasing its engineering, manufacturing and marketing activities. From July 8, 2019 through the end of
Fiscal year 2021 (February 28, 2021), we shipped more than 140 units to customers (more than a ten-fold increase over Fiscal 2019). Although
our operations were impacted in Fiscal 2021 by the COVID-19 pandemic, during Fiscal 2021 we continued to expand our engineering and manufacturing
capabilities. Our engineering, research and development costs for the three months ended May 31, 2020 was approximately $34,000 as compared
to $81,000 for the same period of Fiscal 2022. Subsequent to the end of Fiscal 2021, we relocated all administrative offices and operations
to a new state-of-the-art facility consisting of approximately 18,000 square feet in Lake Forest, California. This new facility is wholly
occupied by Aura.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our
management’s discussion and analysis of our financial conditions and results of operations are based upon our financial statements,
which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation
of financial statements requires management to make estimates and disclosures on the date of the financial statements. In preparing our
financial statements, we have made our best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements. We use authoritative
pronouncements, historical experience and other assumptions as the basis for making judgments. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
is unknown and cannot be reasonably estimated for these key estimates and assumptions. However, we made appropriate accounting estimates
based on the facts and circumstances available as of the reporting date. To the extent that there are differences between these estimates
and actual results, our financial statements may be materially affected.
Revenue
Recognition
The
core principle of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), is that an entity recognizes revenue
to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects
to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In applying ASC 606, all revenue transactions must be evaluated using a five-step
approach to determine the amount and timing of revenue to be recognized. The five-step approach requires (1) identifying the contract
with the customer, (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating
the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognizing revenue when performance obligations are satisfied.
Our
primary source of revenue is the manufacture and delivery of AuraGen/VIPER sets used primarily in mobile power applications, which represented
100% of our revenues of approximately $24,000 and $49,000 for the three-months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
15
In
accordance with ASC 606, we recognize the entirety of the revenue, net of discounts, for our AuraGen/VIPER sets at time of product delivery
to the customer (i.e., point-in-time sale), which also corresponds to the passage of legal title to the customer and the satisfaction
of our single performance obligation to the customer. Our payment terms are cash payment due upon delivery and typically includes a 2.5%
price discount in accordance with this policy. Our commercial terms and conditions do not include a right of return for reasons other
than a defect in performance or quality. We offer 18 months assurance-type warranty covering material and manufacturing defects, which
we account for under the guidance of ASC 460, Guarantees. We have a limited history of shipments, and, as such, we have not recorded
a warranty liability on our balance sheets as of May 31 and February 28, 2021, respectively; however, we expect warranty claims to eventually
be nil, therefore, we have not delayed the recognition of revenue during Fiscal 2022 and 2021.
Stock-Based
Compensation
We
account for stock-based compensation under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which
requires the measurement of all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a fair value-based
method and the recording of such expense in the statements of operations.
We
account for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to non-employees, such as consultants and third parties, in accordance
with FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, where appropriate, whereas the fair value of the equity-based
compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at the earlier of either (a) the date at which a performance commitment
is reached or (b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete.
In
accordance with established public company accounting practice, we have consistently utilized the Black-Scholes option-pricing model
to calculate the fair value of stock options and warrants issued as compensation, primarily to management, employees, and directors.
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is a widely accepted method of valuation that public companies typically utilize to calculate
the fair value of options and warrants that they issue in such circumstances. During the three-month period ended May 31, 2020, our Board
of Directors awarded a total of 1,250,000 stock options to the five members of the board, which resulted in an aggregate fair value of
$193,500 of which $77,600 was recorded as stock-based compensation in the three-months ended May 31, 2020. During the three months ended
February 28, 2021, the board approved an aggregate grant of 1,500,000 stock options to board members, which resulted in an aggregate
fair value of $382,500, of which $146,300 was recorded as stock-based compensation cost in the three-months ended May 31, 2021.
Operating
Leases
We
adopted ASC 842 , Leases , in Fiscal 2020, which required that public companies evaluate all operating leases in accordance with
ASC 842 and recognize a lease liability on the balance sheet by determining the present value of the remaining lease payments for each
lease using a discount rate based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. A corresponding right-of-use asset is also recognized
that is amortized over the remaining term of the lease. Throughout Fiscal 2020 and the majority of Fiscal 2021, we did not implement
the new guidance to our existing leases because the guidance does not require application of the standard for leases that are less than
12 months with lease renewal unlikely. All of the facility leases were month-to-month with management’s intention of exiting the
leases and facilities as soon as practical. In February 2021, we entered into a 66-month facility lease in Lake Forest, CA that began
on March 1, 2021, which resulted in the application of ASC 842 for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021. As of February 28, 2020,
we recognized a lease liability and a right-of-use asset of $1.2 million, respectively. During Fiscal 2022 and beyond, we will be applying
the new lease standard to this lease and any other operating leases we enter into in the future.
Impact
of COVID-19
The
COVID-19 global pandemic has negatively affected the global economy, disrupted global supply chains, and created extreme volatility and
disruptions to capital and credit markets in the global financial markets. We began to see the impact of COVID-19 during our fourth quarter
of Fiscal 2020 with our Chinese joint venture’s manufacturing facilities being required to close and many of our customers suspending
their own operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, net sales and production levels during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020,
the entirety of Fiscal 2021 and the first quarter of Fiscal 2022 were significantly reduced, thus impacting our results of operations
during these quarters.
16
In
response to the COVID-19 pandemic and business disruption, we implemented certain measures to manage costs, preserve liquidity and enhance
employee safety. These measures included the following:
● Reduction
of payroll related expenses including temporary furloughs during the first quarter of Fiscal
2021.
● Deferral
of capital expenditures and other discretionary expenditures
● Safety
programs including disinfecting activities in our facilities
The
extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial results and liquidity will depend largely on current and future
developments, including the containment of COVID-19 within the U.S. and globally, the timing and effectiveness of vaccine rollout, the
possible spread of Covid-19 variants and the impact on capital and financial markets and the related impact on our customers, especially
in the commercial vehicle markets. These future developments are outside of our control, are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
If the impact is prolonged, then it can further increase the difficulty of planning for operations and may require us to take further
actions as it relates to costs and liquidity. These and other potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have adversely impacted our
results for the entirety of Fiscal 2021, the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, and could be impactful for the balance of Fiscal 2022.
Going
Concern
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. During the
three-month period ended May 31, 2021, the Company reported a net loss of approximately $1.1 million and negative cash flows from
operating activities of $0.5 million, respectively. In the event the Company is unable to generate profits and is unable to obtain
financing for its working capital requirements, it may have to curtail its business further or cease business altogether. These
factors raise substantial doubts about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Substantial
additional capital resources will be required to fund continuing expenditures related to our research, development, manufacturing and
business development activities. The Company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient
cash flow to meet its obligations on a timely basis, to retain its current financing, to obtain additional financing, and ultimately
to attain profitability.
During
the next twelve months we intend to continue to attempt to increase the Company’s operations and focus on the sale of our AuraGen ®® /VIPER products
both domestically and internationally and to add to our existing management team. In addition, we plan to complete the move to our new
facility for operations, rebuild the engineering and sales teams, and to the extent appropriate, utilize third party contractors to support
the operation. We anticipate being able to obtain new sources of funding to support these actions in the upcoming fiscal year.
Results
of Operations
Three
months ended May 31, 2021 compared to three months ended May 31, 2020
Net
revenue was approximately $23,900 for the three-months ended May 31, 2021 (the “Three-Months FY2022”) compared to approximately
$49,000 for the three-months ended May 31, 2020 (the “Three-Months FY2020”). During the current quarter of 2022, we delivered
3 generator unit as compared to 8 units delivered in the same quarter in the prior year. Revenue year-on-year has been negatively impacted
by the COVID-19 pandemic. We cannot project with confidence the timing or amount of revenue that we can expect until the pandemic is
under control globally including a successful rollout of the vaccine programs now underway.
Cost
of goods sold was approximately $49,300 in the Three-Months FY2022 compared to approximately $40,400 in the Three-Months FY2021 resulting
in a gross loss of $25,400, or a gross margin loss of 106%, and a $8,200 gross profit in the Three-Months FY2021 and a gross margin of
17%, respectively. The gross loss and related gross margin loss for the Three-Months FY2022 were largely influenced by the low volume
of shipments in the quarter which reduced our ability to fully absorb fixed operating costs including higher operating costs related
to the new facility. The gross margin of 17% in the Three-Months FY2021 was also influenced by the reduced demand for generator sets
caused by the onset of Covid-19.
17
Engineering,
research and development expenses were approximately $81,000 in the Three-Months FY2022, compared to approximately $34,000 in the Three-Months
FY2021, or an increase of 138%. The higher costs are in relation to the development of a new electronic control unit (“ECU”).
Selling, general and
administration (“SG&A”) expense increased by approximately $469,100 (137%) to approximately $812,700 in the
Three-Months FY2022 from approximately $343,600 in the Three-Months FY2021. During Three-Months FY2022, we recorded increased
expense for (i) $146,300 of stock-based compensation expense related to the recent grant of 1,500,000 options to members
of the board of directors, (ii) $34,000 in one-time costs to physically consolidate our operations in Lake Forest, CA (iii) higher
recurring facilities rent costs of $51,000 due to move to new facility, (iii) higher legal costs of $101,000 due to ongoing
litigation costs (iv) $31,500 in higher accounting fees due to completion of the Fiscal 2021 annual audit in the first quarter of
this fiscal year as compared to the second quarter of Fiscal 2021 for the prior year’s annual audit, (v) write-off of $61,000
for deferred sales compensation costs determined not to be recoverable, (vi) additional salary expense for three advisors of
$92,600, and (vii) all other expense increases of approximately $29,000, partially offset by a reduction of $77,600 in
stock-based compensation costs related to 1,250,000 options granted in March 2020 fully amortized by February 28, 2021.
Interest
expense in the Three-Months FY2022 decreased approximately $20,000 or 7%, to approximately $270,000 from approximately $290,000 in the
Three-Months FY2021 due to the reduction of interest-bearing principal amounts outstanding of approximately $700,000 over the prior twelve-month
period.
Other
income in the Three-Months FY2022 was approximately $4,000, as compared to $53,000 in the same period of Fiscal 2021 consisting of a
legal matter settlement occurring last year of $46,000 and a $7,000 one-time benefit related to the procurement of the initial PPP loan
for $74,400 in April 2020. In the Three-Months FY2022 period, we recorded a gain of approximately $75,000 in connection with the forgiveness
of the principal and accrued interest related to the initial PPP loan.
Net
loss for the Three-Months FY2022 increased by approximately $503,000, to a loss of $1,109,000 from a loss of $606,000 in the Three-Months
FY2021 attributed to (i) increased operating loss of $549,000 and (ii) reduced other income of $49,000 partially offset by (i) less interest
expense of $20,000 and (ii) a $75,000 gain on forgiveness of debt.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Net
cash used in operations for the three-months ended May 31, 2021, was approximately $531,000, an increase of $350,000 from the comparable
period in the prior fiscal year. Net cash provided by financing activities during the three-months ended May 31, 2021, was approximately
$344,000 consisting of (i) cash proceeds from issuance of common stock of $283,000, (ii) proceeds of $91,000 related to the U.S. federal
Paycheck Protection Program Second Draw (“PPP2”) loan program related to COVID-19, partially offset by $30,000 principal
payments on a note payable. The cash flow generated from our operations to date has not been sufficient to fund our working capital needs,
and we cannot predict when operating cash flow will be sufficient to fund working capital needs.
There
was acquisition of property and equipment in the amount of $17,000 during the three-months ended May 31, 2021. There was no acquisition
of property and equipment during the corresponding period of Fiscal 2021.
The
total of accrued expenses as of May 31, 2021 increased by approximately $0.2 million to $1.5 million from approximately $1.3 million
as of February 28, 2021 due to (i) accrued interest of $58,000 (ii) increase of accrued payroll of $93,000 and
(iii) higher accrued professional fees of $90,000.
The
Company had a deficit of $20.4 million in shareholders’ equity as of May 31, 2021, compared to $19.7 million as of February 28,
2021 with the net negative change of $0.7 million attributed to
(i) net loss year-to-date of approximately $1.1 million (ii) the net issuance of approximately 1.9 million shares valued at approximately
$0.3 million for cash and (iii) approximately $0.1 million was
recognized as expense during the three-months ended May 31, 2021.
On
April 23, 2020, we obtained a PPP loan in the amount of approximately $74,400 pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security
Act (the “CARES Act”). Interest on the loan is at the rate of 1% per year, loan payments are deferred for 10 months following
the last day of the covered period or June 23, 2020, balance is payable in 24 monthly installments if not forgiven in accordance with
the CARES Act and the terms of the promissory note executed by the Company in connection with the loan. The promissory note contains
events of default and other provisions customary for a loan of this type. As required, the Company used the PPP loan proceeds for payroll,
healthcare benefits, rent and other qualifying expenses. The program provides that the use of PPP Loan amount shall be limited to certain
qualifying expenses and may be partially or wholly forgiven in accordance with the requirements set forth in the CARES Act. On April
1, 2021, we received notification that our application for loan forgiveness was accepted and approximately $75,100 of accrued interest
and principal was forgiven.
18
On
July 1, 2020, we obtained an EIDL loan in the amount of $149,900 administered by the SBA. As required under this program, the proceeds
of the loan are to be used for payments of ordinary working capital needs negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Interest accrues
from the date of the loan of July 1, 2020 at a rate of 3.75% per annum, a loan term of 30 years, no prepayment penalties or fees, and
there is a one-year deferral period during which interest accrues but no payments are required to be made. Following the deferral period
for a period of 29 years, an estimated monthly payment of $734 is required to fully amortize the principal and accrued interest over
the term of the loan. The Company pledged the assets of the Company as collateral for the loan. In January 2021, the SBA announced that
the deferral period was being extended for another one-year period to July 2022. No other terms were adjusted; the monthly payment would
become $778 per month over the remaining term.
On
March 3, 2021, we received proceeds of $91,235 from a Second Draw PPP loan (“PPP2”) with the same terms and conditions that
were applicable to the April 2020 PPP loan.
In
the past, in order to generate liquidity, we have relied upon external sources of financing, principally equity financing and private
indebtedness. We have no bank line of credit and require additional debt or equity financing to fund ongoing operations. The issuance
of additional shares of equity in connection with any such financing could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders, and such
dilution could be substantial. If we cannot raise needed funds, we would also be forced to make further substantial reductions in our
operating expenses, which could adversely affect our ability to implement our current business plan and ultimately our viability as a
company.
ITEM
3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As
a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure under this Item 3.
ITEM
4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The
Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods. For the last
3 Fiscal years, these control and procedures broke down due to insufficient capital to maintain such controls and procedures. Disclosure
controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed
by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to its
management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management
evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of
the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer concluded that these controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report
in ensuring that information requiring disclosure is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by
the SEC’s rules and forms. The Company continues to remediate the findings contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, issued on June 1, 2021.
Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There
have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2021, not previously
identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the Fiscal year ended February 28, 2021 and issued on June 1, 2021 which have materially
affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
19
PART
II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM
1. Legal Proceedings
We
are subject to the legal proceedings and claims discussed below as well as certain other legal proceedings and claims that have not been
fully resolved and that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Our management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings
individually and in the aggregate and evaluates potential losses on such litigation if the amount of the loss is estimable and the loss
is probable. However, the outcome of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company is subject to significant uncertainty.
Although management considers the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against
the Company for amounts in excess of management’s expectations, the Company’s financial statements for that reporting period
could be materially adversely affected. The Company settled certain matters subsequent to year end that did not individually or in the
aggregate have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or operating results.
In
2017, the Company’s former COO was awarded approximately $238,000 in accrued salary and related charges by the California labor
board. The Company believes that this award does not reflect the amount owed which is significantly lower and is exploring all its options
and available remedies and is working toward an offer to settle this matter.
The
Company is presently engaged in a dispute with one of its former directors, Robert Kopple, relating to approximately $11.5 million (representing
approximately $5.4 million loaned to the Company over the course of 2013 to 2016; approximately $170,000 Mr. Kopple claims to have advanced
or paid to third parties on Aura’s behalf; and approximately $5.9 million Mr. Kopple claims to be owed for interest, loan fees
and late payment feess) and approximately 3.33 million warrants which Mr. Kopple claims to be owed to him and his affiliates by the Company.
In July 2017, Mr. Kopple filed suit against the Company as well as against current director Mr. Diaz-Verson and former directors Mr.
Breslow and Mr. Howsmon, as well as Mr. Gagerman,
our former CEO and a former director in connection with these allegations. In 2018, the Court sustained demurrers by Mr. Diaz-Verson,
Mr. Breslow, Mr. Howsmon and Mr. Gagerman, and as a result of these successful demurrers, all four of these defendants have been dismissed
from the suit. While the Company believes that it has certain valid defenses in these matters, the Company is currently in settlement
discussions with Mr. Kopple. However, to-date, no settlement has been reached in large part because Mr. Kopple continues to demand
that as part of any such settlement, he receive unilateral control over significant aspects of the Company’s financial and management
functions such as, but not limited to, the right to unilaterally direct the Company’s ordinary business expenditures and requiring
the Company to seek his approval for the hiring of nearly all personnel, all to the exclusion of the Company’s management team
and stockholder-elected Board of Directors. The Company believes that allowing Mr. Kopple such level of operational control over the
Company without any accountability would be highly detrimental to the Company and is incompatible with the Board of Directors’
duties to shareholders and creditors as a whole.
On
March 26, 2019, various stockholders of the Company controlling a combined total of more than 27.5 million shares delivered a signed
written consent to the Company removing Ronald Buschur as a member of the Company’s Board and electing Cipora Lavut as a
director of the Company. On March 27, 2019, those same stockholders delivered a further signed written consent to the Company
removing William Anderson and Si Ryong Yu as members of the Company’s Board and electing Robert Lempert and David Mann as
directors of the Company. These written consents represented a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common
stock as of March 26, 2019 and March 27, 2019, respectively. Because of Aura’s refusal to recognize the legal
effectiveness of the consents, on April 8, 2019 the stockholders filed suit in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware
pursuant to Section 225 of the Delaware General Corporations Law, seeking an order confirming the validity of the consents and
declaring that Aura’s Board consists of Ms. Lavut, Mr. Mann, Dr. Lempert, Mr. Douglas and
Mr. Diaz-Versón, Jr. On July 8, 2019 the Court of Chancery entered final judgment in favor of the stockholder
plaintiffs, confirming that (a) Ronald Buschur, Si Ryong Yu and William Anderson had been validly removed by the holders of a
majority of the Company’s outstanding stock acting by written consent (b) Ms. Lavut, Mr. Mann and Dr. Lempert had been validly
elected by the holders of a majority of the Company’s outstanding stock acting by written consent, and (c) the Company’s
Board of Directors validly consists of Cipora Lavut, David Mann, Robert Lempert, Gary Douglas and Salvador Diaz-Versón, Jr.
As a result of prior management’s unsuccessful opposition to this stockholders’ action filed in the Court of Chancery,
such stockholders may be potentially entitled to recoup their litigation costs from the Company under Delaware’s corporate
benefit doctrine and/or other legal provisions. To-date, no final determination has been made as to the amount of recoupment, if
any, to which such stockholders may be entitled.
ITEM
1A. Risk Factors
In
addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A, “Risk
Factors,” of the Company’s Fiscal 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K issued on June 1, 2021 .
20
ITEM
2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During
the three-months ended May 31, 2021, we issued 1,865,333 shares of common stock for cash proceeds of $283,000.
ITEM
3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
As
of the date of this filing, Robert Kopple, our former Vice Chairman of the Board, is the only significant unsecured note holder that
has not executed formal agreements regarding the restructure of his debt. Mr. Kopple claims that he and his affiliates are owed approximately
$11.5 million (representing approximately $5.4 million loaned to the Company over the course of 2013 to 2016; approximately $170,000
Mr. Kopple claims to have advanced or paid to third parties on Aura’s behalf; and approximately $5.9 million Mr. Kopple claims
to be owed for interest, loan fees and late payment fees) on terms significantly preferable to other similarly situated unsecured creditors
as well as warrants to purchase approximately 3.3 million shares of our common stock. We dispute Mr. Kopple’s claims and we are
currently in a legal dispute regarding these claims. See “Item 1. Legal Proceedings” included elsewhere in this Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding the dispute with Mr. Kopple regarding these transactions as well as “Note 3 –
Notes Payable” and “Note 6 – Related Parties Transactions” to the Company’s condensed financial statements,
“Liquidity and Capital Resources” in “Item 2 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations” elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding amounts that may
be owed under the Company’s notes payable and the recent restructuring of certain Company debt. Mr. Kopple has not accepted our
numerous offers to settle this debt and continues to demand that as part of any such resolution, he receive unilateral control over significant
aspects of the Company’s financial and management functions such as, but not limited to, the right to unilaterally direct the Company’s
ordinary business expenditures and requiring the Company to seek his approval for the hiring of nearly all personnel, all to the exclusion
of the Company’s management team and stockholder-elected Board of Directors. The Company believes that allowing Mr. Kopple such
level of operational control over the Company without any accountability would be highly detrimental to the Company and is incompatible
with the Board of Directors’ duties to shareholders and creditors as a whole.
In
June 2014, we entered into a Financing Letter of Agreement (the “June 2014 Agreement”) with two affiliate entities of Mr.
Kopple, KF Business Ventures and the Kopple Family Partnership (the “Additional Kopple Parties”), pursuant to which the Additional
Kopple Parties loaned us an additional $1,000,000 (the “June 2014 Loan”). In connection with the June 2014 Loan, Mr. Kopple
also added $202,205 in penalties and accrued interest, credited us with $200,000 for amounts previously repaid by us and several earlier
advances into a single new note (the “June 2014 Kopple Note”) in the principal amount of $2,715,2067 and bearing simple interest
at a rate of 10% per annum.
Pursuant
to the June 2014 Agreement, the Kopple Parties also placed various restrictions on our ability to raise additional capital, hire qualified
personnel and pay certain expenses without his prior approval for so long as the principal amount of his note remained outstanding. The
June 2014 Kopple Note also required us to issue Mr. Kopple a stock purchase warrant (the “June 2014 Kopple Warrant”) to purchase
approximately 771,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.70 per share, to be exercisable for seven years. Additionally,
if we borrowed funds, issued capital stock or rights to acquire or convert into capital stock, or granted rights in respect to territories
to any person for cash consideration of more than $5 million in the aggregate after the date of the June 2014 Kopple Note, we would be
required to pay the entire amount of such cash consideration in excess of $5 million as a mandatory prepayment of the June 2014 Kopple
Note. Additionally, Mr. Kopple required a default provision providing that in the event that the entire outstanding balance of the June
2014 Kopple Note was not paid in full prior to October 1, 2014, then for each consecutive calendar month during the period beginning
October 1, 2014 and ending March 31, 2015, we would issue to Mr. Kopple additional stock purchase warrants, each to purchase 416,458
shares of our common stock, up to a maximum aggregate of approximately 2.5 million shares of our common stock, at $0.70 per share (the
“Kopple Penalty Warrants”), the Kopple Penalty Warranties to be exercisable for seven years from the time of their respective
issuances. In addition to the Kopple Penalty Warrants, the default provision under the June 2014 Kopple Note provides for a 5% late charge
on the total amount due plus 15% per year interest. We have not repaid the Kopple Parties in full for the amounts loaned to us. Additionally,
we have not issued any of the Kopple Penalty Warrants and management believes that Mr. Kopple is not entitled to receive them. We have
also cancelled the June 2014 Kopple Warrant.
We
consider the transactions described above with Mr. Kopple to be related party transactions.
ITEM
4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not
applicable.
ITEM
5. Other Information.
None.
21
ITEM
6. Exhibits
31.1
Certification
pursuant to Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2
Certification
pursuant to Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to § 906 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
XBRL
Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL
Schema Document
101.CAL
XBRL
Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
XBRL
Definition Linkbase
101.LAB
XBRL
Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
XBRL
Presentation Linkbase Document
22
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date:
July 15, 2021
AURA
SYSTEMS, INC.
(Registrant)
By:
/s/
Cipora Lavut
Cipora
Lavut
President
23
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.