Item 1. Financial Statements
Item 1. Financial Statements
SOUTHPORT ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
June 30, 2025
December 31,
(unaudited)
2024
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash
$
328,610
$
494,974
Prepaid expenses
83,524
131,004
Total Current Assets
412,134
625,978
Non-Current Assets:
Marketable securities held in Trust Account (including $ 1,439 and $ 1,603 of accrued dividends as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)
438,166
429,151
Total Non-current Assets
438,166
429,151
TOTAL ASSETS
$
850,300
$
1,055,129
LIABILITIES, COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE REDEMPTION AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses
$
289,963
$
553,678
Accounts payable
297,402
205,082
Accrued offering costs
184,047
184,047
Due to related party
270,590
270,590
Promissory note – related party
814,146
439,004
Administrative support fee – related party
501,500
411,500
Excise tax liability
2,424,524
2,424,524
Total Current Liabilities
4,782,172
4,488,425
Non-current liabilities:
Warrant liability
5,797,850
4,639,000
Total Non-current Liabilities
5,797,850
4,639,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES
10,580,022
9,127,425
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8)
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 37,987 shares issued and outstanding subject to possible redemption at redemption value as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
438,166
429,151
Stockholders’ Deficit
Preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding
—
—
Class A common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 4,200,000 issued and outstanding (excluding 37,987 shares subject to possible redemption) as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
420
420
Class B common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 1,550,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
155
155
Additional paid-in capital
704,982
713,997
Accumulated deficit
( 10,873,445 )
( 9,216,019 )
Total Stockholders’ Deficit
( 10,167,888 )
( 8,501,447 )
TOTAL LIABILITIES, COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE REDEMPTION AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
$
850,300
$
1,055,129
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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SOUTHPORT ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
For the Three Months
For the Six Months
Ended
Ended
June 30,
June 30,
2025
2024
2025
2024
Operating costs:
Insurance expense
$
25,726
$
80,138
$
50,593
$
175,289
Administrative expense
97,228
7,079
115,994
113,828
Administrative expense – related party
45,000
45,000
90,000
90,000
Legal and accounting expenses
170,705
82,785
345,022
143,331
Franchise tax expense
3,579
50,000
( 182,785 )
125,874
Listing fees
—
21,250
—
42,500
Formation, general and administrative expenses
—
1,476
163
3,480
Total expenses
342,238
287,728
418,987
694,302
Loss from operations
( 342,238 )
( 287,728 )
( 418,987 )
( 694,302 )
Other income (loss):
Change in fair value of warrant liability
( 1,217,750 )
( 331,450 )
( 1,158,850 )
116,500
Non-redemption agreement expense
—
—
—
( 274,973 )
Dividend income on marketable securities held in Trust Account
4,521
163,615
9,015
723,522
Other (expense) income
( 1,213,229 )
( 167,835 )
( 1,149,835 )
565,049
Loss before provision for income taxes
( 1,555,467 )
( 455,563 )
( 1,568,822 )
( 129,253 )
Provision for income taxes
( 277 )
( 49,421 )
( 88,604 )
( 114,124 )
Net loss
$
( 1,555,744 )
$
( 504,984 )
( 1,657,426 )
( 243,377 )
Weighted average shares outstanding of redeemable Class A common stock
37,987
1,163,113
37,987
2,377,588
Basic and diluted net income per share, redeemable Class A common stock (see Note 2)
$
( 0.15 )
$
0.04
( 0.05 )
0.04
Weighted average shares outstanding of non-redeemable Class A and Class B common stock
5,750,000
5,750,000
5,750,000
5,750,000
Basic and diluted net loss per share, non-redeemable Class A and Class B common stock (see Note 2)
$
( 0.27 )
$
( 0.10 )
( 0.29 )
( 0.06 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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SOUTHPORT ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE REDEMPTION AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025
Class A common stock
Subject to possible
Additional
Total
Redemption
Class A common stock
Class B common stock
Paid-in
Accumulated
Stockholders’
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Capital
Deficit
Deficit
Balance – January 1, 2025
37,987
$
429,151
4,200,000
$
420
1,550,000
$
155
$
713,997
$
( 9,216,019 )
$
( 8,501,447 )
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption
—
4,494
—
—
—
—
( 4,494 )
—
( 4,494 )
Net loss
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 101,682 )
( 101,682 )
Balance – March 31, 2025
37,987
$
433,645
4,200,000
$
420
1,550,000
$
155
$
709,503
$
( 9,317,701 )
$
( 8,607,623 )
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption
—
4,521
—
—
—
—
( 4,521 )
—
( 4,521 )
Net loss
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 1,555,744 )
( 1,555,744 )
Balance – June 30, 2025
37,987
$
438,166
4,200,000
$
420
1,550,000
$
155
$
704,982
$
( 10,873,445 )
$
( 10,167,888 )
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024
Class A common stock
Subject to possible
Additional
Total
Redemption
Class A common stock
Class B common stock
Paid-in
Accumulated
Stockholders’
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Capital
Deficit
Deficit
Balance – January 1, 2024
4,150,065
$
44,709,805
4,200,000
$
420
1,550,000
$
155
$
760,971
$
( 4,150,511 )
$
( 3,388,965 )
Sponsor capital contribution for non-redemption agreements
—
—
—
—
—
—
274,973
—
274,973
Sponsor cash capital contribution
—
—
—
—
—
—
235,647
—
235,647
Redemption of Class A common stock
( 2,986,952 )
( 32,214,591 )
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Excise tax liability
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 322,145 )
( 322,145 )
Trust Account withdrawal for tax payments
—
( 489,119 )
—
—
—
—
—
489,119
489,119
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption
—
559,907
—
—
—
—
( 559,907 )
—
( 559,907 )
Net income
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
261,607
261,607
Balance – March 31, 2024
1,163,113
$
12,566,002
4,200,000
$
420
1,550,000
$
155
$
711,684
$
( 3,721,930 )
$
( 3,009,671 )
Sponsor cash capital contribution
—
—
—
—
—
—
97,581
—
97,581
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption
—
163,615
—
—
—
—
( 163,615 )
—
( 163,615 )
Net loss
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 504,984 )
( 504,984 )
Balance – June 30, 2024
1,163,113
$
12,729,617
4,200,000
$
420
1,550,000
$
155
$
645,650
$
( 4,226,914 )
$
( 3,580,689 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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SOUTHPORT ACQUISITION CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
For the Six Months
Ended
June 30,
2025
2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss
$
( 1,657,426 )
$
( 243,377 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Accrued dividend on marketable securities held in Trust Account
( 1,493 )
( 54,200 )
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
1,158,850
( 116,500 )
Non-redemption agreement expense
—
274,973
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
( 171,395 )
( 1,688,418 )
Administrative support fee – related party
90,000
90,000
Due to related party
—
34,357
Prepaid expenses
47,480
( 130,720 )
Net cash used in operating activities
( 533,984 )
( 1,833,885 )
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of marketable securities held in Trust Account
( 7,522 )
( 669,322 )
Proceeds from marketable securities held in Trust Account
—
32,703,710
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
( 7,522 )
32,034,388
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Drawdowns on promissory note – related party
375,142
—
Payment to Class A common stockholders for redemptions
—
( 32,214,591 )
Cash capital contribution from Sponsor
—
333,228
Net cash (used in) financing activities
375,142
( 31,881,363 )
Net Change in Cash
( 166,364 )
( 1,680,860 )
Cash – Beginning of period
494,974
2,171,553
Cash – End of period
$
328,610
$
490,693
Supplemental Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption
$
9,015
$
723,522
Share redemption payable
$
—
$
—
Trust Account withdrawal for tax payments
$
—
$
489,119
Excess fair value of Class B common stock transferred by Sponsor
$
—
$
274,973
Excise tax liability
$
—
$
322,145
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for taxes
$
165,335
$
2,201,810
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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SOUTHPORT ACQUISTION CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Description of Organization and Business Operations
Southport Acquisition Corporation (the “Company”, “SAC”, or “Southport”) is a blank check company formed in Delaware on April 13, 2021. The Company was formed for the purpose of effectuating a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”). The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies. Sigma Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed in Delaware on September 9, 2024. The Company’s condensed financial statements include Merger Sub and are presented on a consolidated basis.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company had not yet commenced any operations. All activity from inception through June 30, 2025 related to the Company’s formation, initial public offering (the “IPO”), and pursuit of a target company to effect a Business Combination.
The registration statement for the Company’s IPO was declared effective on December 9, 2021. On December 14, 2021, the Company consummated the IPO, which involved the Company’s sale of 23,000,000 units (the “Units”) at $ 10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $ 230,000,000 , which is discussed in Note 3. The 23,000,000 Units sold by the Company include 3,000,000 Units purchased by the underwriter for the IPO pursuant to the full exercise of its option to purchase up to 3,000,000 additional Units to cover over-allotments. Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, the Company consummated the private sale of an aggregate of 11,700,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) to Southport Acquisition Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”) at a price of $ 1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, generating proceeds to the Company of $ 11,700,000 .
Following the closing of the IPO on December 14, 2021, $ 234,600,000 ($ 10.20 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) located in the United States, which will be invested in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund meeting the conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination, (ii) the redemption of any Public Shares (as defined in Note 3) properly submitted in connection with a stockholder vote to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation (a) to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to provide its public stockholders the right to have their Public Shares redeemed in connection with an initial Business Combination or to redeem 100 % of the Public Shares if the Company does not complete the initial Business Combination within the Combination Period (as defined below) or (b) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity, and (iii) the redemption of the Company’s Public Shares if the Company is unable to complete the initial Business Combination within 18 months from December 14, 2021 or during any extended time that the Company has to consummate its initial Business Combination beyond such 18-month period (the “Combination Period”).
On June 9, 2023 (the “First Extension Special Meeting”), the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “First Extension Amendment Proposal”) to extend the time that the Company has to consummate its initial Business Combination (the “First Extension”) from June 14, 2023 to September 14, 2023 and to allow the board of directors of the Company, without another stockholder vote, to elect to further extend the date to consummate an initial Business Combination after September 14, 2023 up to six times, by an additional month each time, up to March 14, 2024.
Prior to the First Extension Special Meeting, on May 25, 2023, the Company and the Sponsor entered into voting and non-redemption agreements (the “Non-Redemption Agreements”) with unaffiliated third parties in exchange for such third parties agreeing (i) not to redeem an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Class A common stock sold in its initial public offering (the “Non-Redeemed Shares”) in connection with the First Extension Special Meeting and (ii) to vote in favor of the First Extension Amendment Proposal and the First Extension at the First Extension Special Meeting (other than with respect to certain shares acquired or to be acquired pursuant to the Non-Redemption Agreements). In exchange for the foregoing commitments, the Sponsor agreed to transfer to such third parties an aggregate of up to 1,499,996 shares of Class B common stock held by the Sponsor, with 500,000 of such shares to be transferred to such third parties promptly upon consummation of the First Extension, and an additional 166,666 shares to be transferred
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to such third parties monthly beginning on September 14, 2023 and up to, and including, February 14, 2024, if the board of directors of the Company elects to further extend the deadline to consummate an initial Business Combination at or prior to such date, in each case, if such third parties continue to hold such Non-Redeemed Shares through the First Extension Special Meeting.
In connection with the First Extension Special Meeting and the entry into the Non-Redemption Agreements, on May 25, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company, the Sponsor converted 4,200,000 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock held by it on a one-for-one basis into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Conversion”). After giving effect to the Conversion, the Company had an aggregate of 27,200,000 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, comprised of 4,200,000 shares held by the Sponsor and not subject to possible redemption and 23,000,000 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, and 1,550,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. In connection with the First Extension Special Meeting, the holders of 18,849,935 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for an aggregate redemption amount of $ 197,694,657 , resulting in 4,150,065 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding and subject to possible redemption. Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Trustee”) processed the redemptions and withdrew the $ 197,694,657 payable to the holders redeeming 18,849,935 shares of Class A common stock on July 7, 2023.
Prior to March 31, 2024, the board of directors of the Company approved six monthly extensions to extend the time the Company had to consummate an initial Business Combination from September 14, 2023 to March 14, 2024. In connection with each of the six monthly extensions, the Sponsor transferred 166,666 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock held by the Sponsor to unaffiliated third parties in accordance with the Non-Redemption Agreements.
In addition, on March 14, 2024 (the “Second Extension Special Meeting”), the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to further extend the time that the Company has to consummate its initial Business Combination from March 14, 2024 to December 14, 2024 (the “Second Extension”).
In connection with the Second Extension Special Meeting, the holders of 2,986,952 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for an aggregate redemption amount of $ 32,214,591 , resulting in 1,163,113 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding and subject to possible redemption.
On April 8, 2024, the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) filed a Form 25 to delist the Company’s Class A common stock, warrants, with each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $ 11.50 , subject to adjustment (“Warrants”) and Units, each consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one -half of one Warrant and remove such securities from registration under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. The delisting became effective 10 days after the filing of the Form 25. The deregistration of the Company’s Class A common stock, Warrants and Units under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act became effective 90 days after the Form 25 filing. Upon deregistration of the Company’s securities under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, the Company’s securities will remain registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s Class A common stock, Warrants and Units began trading on the OTC Pink Marketplace on or about March 22, 2024 under the symbols “PORT”, “PORTW” and “PORTU”, respectively.
On September 11, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Merger Sub and Angel Studios, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (“Angel Studios”). The Merger Agreement provides that, among other things and upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, (i) at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Closing”), upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, and in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended, Merger Sub will merge with and into Angel Studios, with Angel Studios continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Southport (the “Merger”); (ii) at the Closing, all of the outstanding capital stock of Angel Studios (other than shares subject to Angel Studios options, shares held in treasury and any dissenting shares) will be converted into the right to receive shares of common stock, par value $ 0.0001 per share, of Southport (“Southport Common Stock”), in an aggregate amount equal to (x) $ 1,500,000,000 plus the aggregate gross proceeds of any capital raised by Angel Studios prior to the Closing, divided by (y) $ 10.00 ; (iii) at the Closing, all of the outstanding options to acquire capital stock of Angel Studios will be converted into comparable options to acquire shares of Southport Common Stock (subject to appropriate adjustments to the number of shares of Southport Common Stock underlying such options and the exercise price of such options); (iv) subject to the approval of the holders of Southport’s public warrants, Southport will amend its public warrants so that, immediately prior to the Closing, each of the issued and outstanding Southport public warrants automatically will convert into 0.1 newly issued share of the Company’s Class A common stock and such warrants will cease to be outstanding; and (v) at the Closing, Southport will be renamed “Angel Studios, Inc.”
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On September 11, 2024, Southport also entered into a Sponsor Support Agreement (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”), by and among Southport, the Sponsor, and Angel Studios, pursuant to which the Sponsor has agreed to, among other things, (i) vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and (ii) not redeem its shares of Southport Common Stock in connection therewith. In addition, the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit all of the Southport private placement warrants held by it at the Closing for no additional consideration. The Sponsor has also agreed to cover certain expenses incurred by Southport that are unpaid and payable at the Closing in excess of a specified cap. The Sponsor Support Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of the termination of the Merger Agreement or written agreement by the parties.
On September 11, 2024, Southport also entered into a Stockholder Support Agreement (the “Angel Studios Stockholder Support Agreement”) by and among Southport, Angel Studios and certain stockholders of Angel Studios (the “Key Stockholders”). Under the Angel Studios Stockholder Support Agreement, the Key Stockholders agreed, with respect to the outstanding shares of Angel Studios common stock held by such Key Stockholders, to vote their shares or execute and deliver a written consent adopting the Merger Agreement and related transactions and approving the Merger Agreement and transactions contemplated thereby.
On October 2, 2024, the Company filed a definitive proxy statement (the “Original Third Extension Proxy Statement”) with respect to a third special meeting of stockholders (the “Third Extension Special Meeting”) to obtain stockholder approval to further amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to extend the time by which the Company must consummate its initial Business Combination from December 14, 2024 to September 30, 2025, as contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Third Extension Amendment Proposal”). On October 11, 2024, the Company received a redemption report from the Trustee indicating that, as of October 11, 2024, the holders of 985,170 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock had properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a redemption price of approximately $ 11.08 per share. On October 14, 2024, the Company determined to postpone the Third Extension Special Meeting originally scheduled for October 15, 2024, to October 22, 2024, to allow additional time for the Company to engage with its stockholders and solicit redemption reversals. On October 21, 2024, the Company cancelled the Third Extension Special Meeting and announced that it intended to file an amendment to the definitive proxy statement to reflect the addition of a new proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to eliminate the limitation that the Company may not redeem its outstanding shares of Class A common stock to the extent that such redemption would result in the Company having net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act), of less than $ 5,000,001 , in order to allow the Company to redeem such shares irrespective of whether such redemption would exceed this limitation (the “Redemption Limitation Amendment Proposal”). Accordingly, the redemptions indicated on the October 11, 2024 redemption report from the Trustee in connection with the Third Extension Special Meeting were not processed.
On October 29, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to the Original Third Extension Proxy Statement that amends and restates the Original Third Extension Proxy Statement to: (1) reschedule the Third Extension Special Meeting originally scheduled for October 15, 2024 and postponed to October 22, 2024 (as previously disclosed in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 15, 2024) to November 13, 2024 and (2) reflect the addition of the Redemption Limitation Amendment Proposal.
On November 13, 2024, the Company held the Third Extension Special Meeting, at which the Company’s stockholders approved the Third Extension Amendment Proposal and the Redemption Limitation Amendment Proposal. In connection with the vote to approve the Third Extension Amendment Proposal and the Redemption Limitation Amendment Proposal, the holders of 1,125,126 Public Shares properly exercised their right to redeem their shares (and did not withdraw their redemption) for cash at a redemption price of approximately $ 11.15 per Public Share, for an aggregate redemption amount of $ 12,543,118 . Accordingly, as of June 30, 2025, there were 4,237,987 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding (including 37,987 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption) and $ 438,166 held in the Trust Account.
On January 15, 2025, certain third-party investors in the Company transferred an aggregate of 262,502 shares of Class B common stock, par value $ 0.0001 per share, of the Company, which had previously been transferred by the Sponsor to such investors, back to the Sponsor for no additional consideration in connection with the liquidation of certain of such investors’ investment vehicles.
On February 14, 2025, SAC, Angel Studios and Merger Sub entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Merger Agreement (the “Merger Agreement Amendment”), which amended the Merger Agreement to (i) remove the closing condition that SAC have at least $ 5,000,001 of net tangible assets upon the Closing, (ii) amend the definitions of “Acquiror Expense Cap” (as defined in the Merger Agreement Amendment) and “Transaction Expenses” (as defined in the Merger Agreement Amendment) and (iii) amend the provision regarding expense statements.
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Risks and Uncertainties
Management is currently evaluating the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war, the conflicts in the Middle East, tariff and trade restrictions, interest rate fluctuations, and the recently adopted Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) rules and amendments affecting special purpose acquisition corporations like the Company, and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that such matters could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, cash flows, results of its operations and/or search for a target company, the specific impacts are not readily determinable as of June 30, 2025. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases (including redemptions) of stock by publicly traded domestic (i.e., U.S.) corporations and certain domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its stockholders from whom shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax. The IR Act applies only to repurchases that occur after December 31, 2022.
On July 7, 2023, 18,849,935 shares of Class A common stock were redeemed by the Company’s stockholders for a total of $ 197,694,657 in connection with the stockholder vote to approve the Company’s Extension Amendment Proposal. On March 14, 2024, 2,986,952 shares of Class A common stock were redeemed by the Company’s stockholders for a total of $ 32,214,591 in connection with the stockholder vote to further extend the time that the Company has to consummate its initial Business Combination from March 14, 2024 to December 14, 2024. On November 13, 2024, 1,125,126 shares of Class A common stock were redeemed by the Company’s stockholders for a total of $ 12,543,118 in connection with the vote to approve the Third Extension Amendment Proposal and the Redemption Limitation Amendment Proposal. The Company evaluated the classification and accounting of the stock redemption under ASC 450, “Contingencies”. ASC 450 states that when a loss contingency exists, the likelihood that the future events will confirm the loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability can range from probable to remote. A contingent liability must be reviewed at each reporting period to determine appropriate treatment. The Company evaluated the current status and probability of completing an initial Business Combination as of June 30, 2025 and determined that a contingent liability should be calculated and recorded. As of June 30, 2025, the Company recorded $ 2,424,524 of excise tax liability calculated as 1% of shares redeemed.
Going Concern
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had cash of $ 328,610 and $ 494,974 , respectively, and working capital deficit of $ 4,370,038 and $ 3,862,447 , respectively. The Company has incurred and expects to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of its financing and acquisition plans. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of time within one year after the date that these financial statements are issued. Management plans to address this uncertainty through capital contributions or working capital loans whereby, the Sponsor, an affiliate of the Sponsor, or the Company’s officers and directors can, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (see Note 5). However, there is no assurance that the Company’s plans to raise capital or to consummate a Business Combination will be successful within the Combination Period. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial
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statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025, which contains the audited financial statements and notes thereto. The financial information as of December 31, 2024 is derived from the audited financial statements presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The interim results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any future interim periods.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $ 328,610 and $ 494,974 of cash and no cash equivalents as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
Following the closing of the IPO on December 14, 2021, an amount of $ 234,600,000 from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was placed in the Trust Account and may be invested only in U.S. government securities with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under
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the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. The Trust Account is intended as a holding place for funds pending the earliest to occur of: (i) the completion of the initial Business Combination; (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a stockholder vote to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation (A) to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to provide its public stockholders the right to have their Public Shares redeemed in connection with an initial Business Combination or to redeem 100 % of the Public Shares if the Company does not complete the initial Business Combination within the Combination Period or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity; and (iii) the redemption of the Company’s Public Shares if the Company is unable to complete the initial Business Combination within the Combination Period.
In connection with the First Extension Special Meeting, the holders of 18,849,935 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a redemption price of approximately $ 10.49 per share of Class A common stock, for an aggregate redemption amount of $ 197,694,657 . The Trustee redeemed $ 197,694,657 of marketable securities held in the Trust Account to pay the holders redeeming 18,849,935 shares of Class A common stock on July 7, 2023.
In connection with the Second Extension Special Meeting, the holders of 2,986,952 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a redemption price of approximately $ 10.79 per share of Class A common stock, for an aggregate redemption amount of $ 32,214,591 . The Trustee redeemed the $ 32,214,591 of marketable securities held in the Trust Account to pay the holders redeeming 2,986,952 shares of Class A common stock on March 27, 2024.
In connection with the Third Extension Special Meeting, the holders of 1,125,126 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a redemption price of approximately $ 11.15 per share of Class A common stock, for an aggregate redemption amount of $ 12,543,118 . The Trustee redeemed the $ 12,543,118 of marketable securities held in the Trust Account to pay the holders redeeming 1,125,126 shares of Class A common stock on November 15, 2024.
Accordingly, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $ 438,166 and $ 429,151 , respectively, of marketable securities held in the Trust Account.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement” (“ASC 820”), approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid to transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
● Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;
● Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and
● Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments,
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including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, derivative liabilities are comprised of the warrant liability of $ 5,797,850 and $ 4,639,000 , respectively.
Warrant Liability
The Company accounts for warrants for the Company’s common stock that are not indexed to its own shares as liabilities at fair value on the balance sheet. The warrants are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date and any change in fair value is recognized as a component of other income (expense), net on the statement of operations. The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise or expiration of the common stock warrants. At that time, the portion of the warrant liability related to the common stock warrants will be reclassified to additional paid-in capital.
Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption (if any) is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 37,987 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption is presented, at redemption value, as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s balance sheet, respectively.
The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable common stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Such changes are reflected in additional paid-in capital, or in the absence of additional capital, in accumulated deficit. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company has recorded accretion of $ 4,521 and $ 9,015 , respectively, to remeasure the value of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption value of $ 438,166 . For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company has recorded accretion of $ 163,615 and $ 723,522 , respectively, to remeasure the value of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption value of $ 12,729,617 .
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Class A common stock, classified as temporary equity in the condensed balance sheets, are reconciled in the following tables:
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2023
$
44,709,805
Redemption of Class A common stock
( 44,757,709 )
Trust Account withdrawal for tax payments
( 489,119 )
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption
966,174
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2024
429,151
Remeasurement of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption
9,015
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption, June 30, 2025
$
438,166
Income Taxes
The Company complies with the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties
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related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals, or material deviation from its position, other than a change in accounting estimate related to the Company’s 2024 Delaware franchise tax accrual. The Company has adjusted the 2024 Delaware franchise tax accrual from $ 219,400 , comprised of $ 200,000 of franchise tax and $ 19,400 of related interest and penalties as of December 31, 2024, to $ 18,746 , comprised of $ 16,400 of franchise tax and $ 2,346 of related interest and penalties as of March 31, 2025, to agree to the 2024 Delaware franchise tax filing submission. The 2024 Delaware franchise tax of $ 18,746 was paid on March 20, 2025. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of June 30, 2025, other than those previously mentioned.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law in the U.S. As the legislation was signed into law after June 30, 2025, its impacts are not reflected in the Company’s results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company is in the process of evaluating the OBBBA and has not estimated its financial impact at this time.
Net Income (Loss) Per Common Stock
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”. The condensed statements of operations include a presentation of income per Class A redeemable common stock and income (loss) per non-redeemable common stock following the two-class method of income (loss) per common stock. In order to determine the net income (loss) attributable to both the Class A redeemable common stock and non-redeemable common stock, the Company first considered the total income allocable to both sets of stock. This is calculated using the total net income (loss) less any dividends paid. For purposes of calculating net income (loss) per share, any remeasurement of the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption was treated as dividends paid to the public stockholders. Subsequent to calculating the total income (loss) allocable to both sets of stock, the Company split the amount to be allocated using the weighted average shares outstanding ratio for the Class A redeemable common stock and for the non-redeemable Class A and Class B common stock for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, as a result of shareholder redemptions.
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common stock (in dollars, except per share amounts):
For the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2025
Net loss
$
( 1,555,744 )
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
( 4,521 )
Net loss including accretion of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
$
( 1,560,265 )
For the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2025
Class A
Class A and Class B
Redeemable Shares
Non-redeemable shares
Total
Total number of shares
37,987
5,750,000
5,787,987
Ownership percentage
1
%
99
%
100
%
Net loss allocated based on ownership percentage
( 10,210 )
( 1,545,534 )
( 1,555,744 )
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value based on ownership percentage
( 30 )
( 4,491 )
( 4,521 )
Plus: Accretion applicable to remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
4,521
—
4,521
Total loss based on ownership percentage
$
( 5,719 )
$
( 1,550,025 )
$
( 1,555,744 )
Weighted average shares outstanding
37,987
5,750,000
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
$
( 0.15 )
$
( 0.27 )
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For the Six Months Ended
June 30, 2025
Net loss
$
( 1,657,426 )
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
( 9,015 )
Net loss including accretion of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
$
( 1,666,441 )
For the Six Months Ended
June 30, 2025
Class A
Class A and Class B
Redeemable Shares
Non-redeemable shares
Total
Total number of shares
37,987
5,750,000
5,787,987
Ownership percentage
1
%
99
%
100
%
Net loss allocated based on ownership percentage
( 10,878 )
( 1,646,548 )
( 1,657,426 )
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value based on ownership percentage
( 59 )
( 8,956 )
( 9,015 )
Plus: Accretion applicable to remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
9,015
—
9,015
Total loss based on ownership percentage
$
( 1,922 )
$
( 1,655,504 )
$
( 1,657,426 )
Weighted average shares outstanding
37,987
5,750,000
—
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
$
( 0.05 )
$
( 0.29 )
—
For the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2024
Net loss
$
( 504,984 )
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
( 163,615 )
Net loss including accretion of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
$
( 668,599 )
For the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2024
Class A
Class A and Class B
Redeemable Shares
Non-redeemable shares
Total
Total number of shares
1,163,113
5,750,000
6,913,113
Weighted average shares ratio
17
%
83
%
100
%
Net loss allocated based on weighted average shares ratio
$
( 84,962 )
$
( 420,022 )
$
( 504,984 )
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value based on weighted average shares ratio
( 27,528 )
( 136,087 )
( 163,615 )
Plus: Accretion applicable to remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
163,615
—
163,615
Total income (loss) based on weighted average shares ratio
$
51,125
$
( 556,109 )
$
( 504,984 )
Weighted average shares outstanding
1,163,113
5,750,000
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
$
0.04
$
( 0.10 )
For the Six Months Ended
June 30, 2024
Net loss
$
( 243,377 )
Plus: Trust Account withdrawals for tax payments
489,119
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
( 723,522 )
Net loss including accretion of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
$
( 477,780 )
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For the Six Months Ended
June 30, 2024
Class A
Class A and Class B
Redeemable Shares
Non-redeemable shares
Total
Total number of shares
1,163,113
5,750,000
6,913,113
Weighted average shares ratio
29
%
71
%
100
%
Net loss allocated based on weighted average shares ratio
$
( 71,196 )
$
( 172,181 )
$
( 243,377 )
Plus: Trust Account withdrawals for tax payments based on weighted average shares ratio
143,083
346,036
489,119
Less: Remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value based on weighted average shares ratio
( 211,654 )
( 511,868 )
( 723,522 )
Less: Accretion applicable to Trust Account withdrawals for tax payments
( 489,119 )
—
( 489,119 )
Plus: Accretion applicable to remeasurement of Class A redeemable shares to redemption value
723,522
—
723,522
Total income (loss) based on weighted average shares ratio
$
94,636
$
( 338,013 )
$
( 243,377 )
Weighted average shares outstanding
2,377,588
5,750,000
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
$
0.04
$
( 0.06 )
Related Parties
Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $ 250,000 . As of June 30, 2025, the Company has not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which will require the Company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require the Company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 will become effective for Annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is still reviewing the impact of ASU 2023-09.
Note 3. Initial Public Offering
At the closing of the IPO on December 14, 2021, the Company sold 23,000,000 Units at a price of $ 10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one share of the Company’s Class A common stock, $ 0.0001 par value (each a “Public Share”), and one -half of one warrant of the Company (each a “Public Warrant”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $ 11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 7).
Upon the closing of the IPO on December 14, 2021, $ 234,600,000 ($ 10.20 per Unit sold in the IPO) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was placed in the Trust Account. The amounts held in the Trust Account will be invested in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment
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Company Act, with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund meeting the conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $ 438,166 and $ 429,151 was held in the Trust Account, respectively. In addition, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $ 328,610 and $ 494,974 of cash was not held in the Trust Account and is available for working capital purposes, respectively.
Transaction costs of the IPO amounted to $ 13,935,218 consisting of $ 4,600,000 of underwriting discount, $ 8,050,000 of deferred underwriting discount and $ 1,285,218 of actual offering costs. On August 22, 2022, the underwriter delivered a letter to the Company pursuant to which the underwriter waived its entitlement to the payment of the deferred underwriting discount (see Note 8).
Note 4. Private Placement
The Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 11,700,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $ 1.00 per warrant ($ 11,700,000 in the aggregate) in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the closing of the IPO.
Each Private Placement Warrant is exercisable for one whole Class A common stock at a price of $ 11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. $ 9,200,000 of the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was added to the proceeds from the IPO placed in the Trust Account. If the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Private Placement Warrants and the underlying securities will expire worthless. The Private Placement Warrants are non-redeemable (except as described in Note 7 below under “—Redemption of warrants for Class A common stock when the price per Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 10.00 ”) and exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees.
Note 5. Related Party Transactions
Founder Shares
On May 27, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 7,187,500 shares of Class B common stock to the Sponsor for a purchase price of $ 25,000 . On November 25, 2021, the Sponsor surrendered 1,437,500 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock for no consideration, resulting in there being an aggregate of 5,750,000 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock outstanding (the “Founder Shares”), up to 750,000 of which were then subject to forfeiture to the extent that the over-allotment option is not exercised in full by the underwriter for the IPO. On December 13, 2021, the underwriter for the IPO exercised its over-allotment option in full, with the related closing of the additional 3,000,000 covered by the option occurring on December 14, 2021. Accordingly, no Founder Shares remain subject to forfeiture. On May 25, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company, the Sponsor converted 4,200,000 Founder Shares held by it on a one -for-one basis into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. After giving effect to such conversion, the Company had 1,550,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding.
The Sponsor agreed, subject to certain limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of its Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) one year after the completion of a Business Combination or (B) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange or similar transaction that results in the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of common stock for cash, securities or other property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30 -trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the Business Combination, the Founder Shares will be released from the lock-up.
Related Party Loans
The Sponsor agreed to loan the Company an aggregate of up to $ 350,000 to cover expenses related to the IPO pursuant to a promissory note (the “Note”). The Note was non-interest bearing and was payable on the completion of the IPO. The Company fully repaid the outstanding balance on the Note on December 14, 2021.
In addition, in order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Company’s Sponsor, an affiliate of the Sponsor, or the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (the “Working Capital Loans”). The Working Capital Loans would either be repaid upon consummation of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $ 1,500,000 of such Working Capital
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Loans may be convertible into warrants, at a price of $ 1.00 per warrant. If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no Working Capital Loans were outstanding.
Sponsor Promissory Note
On October 3, 2024, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company an aggregate of up to $ 1,000,000 to cover expenses related to the Business Combination (the “Sponsor Promissory Note”). The Sponsor Promissory Note is non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of September 30, 2025 or the date on which the Company consummates a Business Combination. If the Company does not consummate a Business Combination, the Sponsor Promissory Note will not be repaid and all amounts owed under the Sponsor Promissory Note will be forgiven except to the extent that the Company has funds available to it outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $ 814,146 and $ 439,004 , respectively, outstanding under the Sponsor Promissory Note.
Due to Related Party
The Sponsor has made tax payments, payments to various vendors on behalf of the Company, and transferred funds to the Company. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owed $ 270,590 .
Administrative Support Agreement
Commencing on December 10, 2021 and until completion of the Company’s initial Business Combination or liquidation, the Company is required to pay the Sponsor $ 15,000 per month for administrative support and services. The Company pays the Sponsor for rent and costs incurred under the administrative support and services agreement. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company has paid $ 0 under the agreement. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company has paid $ 0 under the agreement. The Company has accrued $ 501,500 and $ 411,500 related to the unpaid amounts under the administrative support agreement as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is recorded to administrative support fee – related party liability on the balance sheets. The Sponsor will not be paid for any unpaid amounts in the event an initial business combination is not consummated.
Sponsor Cash Capital Contribution
As of June 30, 2025, the Sponsor made capital contributions of $ 1,444,227 to the Company to fund outstanding payments to the Company’s vendors. The Sponsor made no contributions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The Sponsor made $ 97,581 and $ 333,228 of contributions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The Sponsor intends to continue providing cash to satisfy working capital obligations as needed through capital contributions. The Company has recorded the cash received from the Sponsor as a capital contribution in additional paid-in capital.
Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock — The Company is authorized to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $ 0.0001 per share. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.
Class A common stock — The Company is authorized to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $ 0.0001 per share. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. On May 25, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company, the Sponsor converted 4,200,000 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock held by it on a one-for-one basis into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 27,200,000 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding , of which 4,200,000 shares were held by the Sponsor and not subject to possible redemption and 23,000,000 shares were subject to possible redemption. On June 9, 2023, the holders of 18,849,935 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash in connection with the vote on the First Extension Special Meeting, resulting in 4,150,065 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding and subject to possible redemption. On March 14, 2024, the holders of 2,986,952 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash in connection with the Second Extension Special Meeting, resulting in 1,163,113 shares of Class A common
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stock issued and outstanding and subject to possible redemption. On November 13, 2024, the holders of 1,125,126 shares of Class A common stock properly exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash in connection with the Third Extension Special Meeting, resulting in 37,987 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding and subject to possible redemption.
Accordingly, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 4,237,987 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, including 37,987 shares of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption.
Class B common stock — The Company is authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of Class B, $ 0.0001 par value, common stock. Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. On May 27, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 7,187,500 shares of Class B common stock to the Sponsor for a purchase price of $ 25,000 . On November 25, 2021, the Sponsor surrendered 1,437,500 shares of Class B common stock for no consideration, resulting in there being an aggregate of 5,750,000 shares of Class B common stock outstanding. On May 25, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company, the Sponsor converted 4,200,000 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock held by it on a one-for-one basis into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 1,550,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 1,550,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding, of which 312,506 are held by the Sponsor and 1,237,494 were transferred to third-party investors pursuant to the Non-Redemption Agreements.
The shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at the time of the Business Combination on a one -for-one basis, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like. In the case that additional shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or equity-linked securities, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts sold in the IPO and related to the closing of an initial Business Combination, the ratio at which shares of Class B common stock shall convert into shares of Class A common stock will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock agree to waive such adjustment with respect to any such issuance or deemed issuance) so that the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of all shares of Class B common stock will equal, in the aggregate, on an as converted basis, 20 % of the sum of the total number of all shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding upon the completion of the IPO plus all shares of Class A common stock and equity-linked securities issued or deemed issued in connection with an initial Business Combination (net of the number of shares of Class A common stock redeemed in connection with an initial Business Combination), excluding any shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the Business Combination and any warrants issued upon the conversion of Working Capital Loans. Holders of shares of Class B common stock may also elect to convert their shares of Class B common stock into an equal number of shares of Class A common stock, subject to adjustment as provided above, at any time prior to a Business Combination.
The Company may issue additional common stock or preferred stock to complete its Business Combination or under an employee incentive plan after completion of its Business Combination.
Note 7. Warrants
The Company accounts for 23,200,000 warrants issued in connection with the IPO ( 11,500,000 Public Warrants and the 11,700,000 Private Placement Warrants) in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815-40. Such guidance provides that because the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment thereunder, each warrant must be recorded as a liability. Accordingly, the Company classifies each warrant as a liability at its fair value. Offering costs were allocated to the Class A common stock and Public Warrants, and the amounts allocated to the Public Warrants was expensed immediately. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date. With each such re-measurement, the warrant liability will be adjusted to fair value, with the change in fair value recognized in the Company’s statement of operations.
Warrants – Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the consummation of a Business Combination. The Public Warrants will expire five years from the consummation of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or the Company’s liquidation.
The Company is not obligated to deliver any Class A common stock pursuant to the exercise of a Public Warrant and will have no obligation to settle such Public Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the issuance of the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject
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to the Company satisfying its obligations with respect to registration, or a valid exemption from registration is available. No Public Warrants are exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and the Company is not obligated to issue any shares of Class A common stock to holders seeking to exercise their Public Warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of residence of the exercising holder, or an exemption from registration is available.
The registration statement for the IPO (the “IPO Registration Statement”) registered the sale for the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closing of a Business Combination, it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to file a post-effective amendment to the IPO Registration Statement or a new registration statement, in the Company’s discretion, with the SEC, under the Securities Act covering the sale of the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such post-effective amendment or new registration statement, as the case may be, to become effective and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A common stock until the warrants expire or are redeemed, as specified in the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not effective by the 60 th business day after the closing of a Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption.
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 18.00 . Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants for redemption:
● in whole and not in part;
● at a price of $ 0.01 per Public Warrant;
● upon a minimum of 30 days ’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder; and
● if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 - trading day period ending three trading days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.
Redemption of warrants when the price per Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 10.00 . Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:
● in whole and not in part;
● at a price of $ 0.10 per warrant;
● upon a minimum of 30 days ’ prior written notice of redemption provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares of Class A common stock determined by reference to an agreed table based on the redemption date and the “fair market value” of Class A common stock;
● if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 10.00 per Public Share (as adjusted) for any 20 trading days within the 30 - trading day period ending three trading days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; and
● if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock for any 20 trading days within a 30 - trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders is less than $ 18.00 per share (as adjusted), the Private Placement Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above.
The Company will not redeem the warrants as described above unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the sale of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is then effective and a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A common stock is available throughout the 30 -day redemption period (or, in the case of a redemption described above under “Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 18.00 ,” the Company requires or permits the Public Warrants to be exercised on a cashless basis as described below), except, in the case of a redemption described above under “Redemption of warrants when the price per Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 10.00 ,” if the sale of those shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the cashless exercise of the warrants is exempt from registration under the Securities Act. If and when the warrants become redeemable by the Company, the Company may exercise its redemption right even if the sale of
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the shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of the warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state securities laws or the Company is unable to effect such registration or qualification.
If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, the Company’s management will have the option to require or permit all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.
In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional shares of Class A common stock or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of its initial Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $ 9.20 per share of Class A common stock (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors and, (i) in the case of any such issuance to the Sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Sponsor or such affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance, and (ii) without taking into account the transfer of Founder Shares or Private Placement Warrants (including if such transfer is effectuated as a surrender to the Company and subsequent reissuance by the Company) by the Sponsor in connection with such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60 % of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of the Company’s initial Business Combination on the date of the consummation of such initial Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of the Company’s Class A common stock during the 20 trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $ 9.20 per share, the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115 % of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, the $ 18.00 per share redemption trigger price described above will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180 % of the greater of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price and the $ 10.00 per share redemption trigger price described above will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to the greater of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants included in the Units sold in the IPO, except that the Private Placement Warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or saleable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Placement Warrants will be non-redeemable in certain redemption scenarios and exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by the initial purchasers thereof or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers thereof or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company in all redemption scenarios and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
If a tender offer, exchange or redemption offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of the Class A common stock and upon completion of such offer, the offeror owns beneficially more than 50% of the outstanding Class A common stock, the holder of the warrant shall be entitled to receive the highest amount of cash, securities or other property to which such holder would actually have been entitled as a stockholder if such warrant had been exercised, accepted such offer and all of the Class A common stock held by such holder had been purchased pursuant to the offer. If less than 70% of the consideration receivable by the holders of the Class A common stock in the applicable event is payable in the form of common equity in the successor entity that is listed on a national securities exchange or is quoted in an established over-the-counter market, and if the holder of the warrant properly exercises the warrant within thirty days following the public disclosure of the consummation of the applicable event by the Company, the warrant exercise price shall be reduced by an amount equal to the difference (but in no event less than zero) of (i) the warrant price in effect prior to such reduction minus (ii) (A) the Per Share Consideration (as defined in the warrant agreement) minus (B) the value of the warrant based on the Black-Scholes Warrant Value for a Capped American Call on Bloomberg Financial Markets.
The Company expects to account for the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants as liabilities in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity”. Because the Company does not control the occurrence of events, such as a tender offer or exchange, that may trigger cash settlement of the warrants where not all of the stockholders also receive cash, the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment thereunder, as such, the warrants must be recorded as derivative liability.
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Additionally, certain adjustments to the settlement amount of the Private Placement Warrants are based on a variable that is not an input to the fair value of a “fixed-for-fixed” option as defined under ASC 815-40, and thus the Private Placement Warrants are not considered indexed to the Company’s own stock and not eligible for an exception from derivative accounting.
The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record a derivative liability upon the issuance of the warrants at the closing of this offering. Accordingly, the Company classifies each warrant as a liability at its fair value. The Public Warrants will be allocated a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the Units equal to its fair value determined with the assistance of a professional independent valuation firm. The warrant liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date. With each such re-measurement, the warrant liability will be adjusted to fair value, with the change in fair value recognized in the Company’s statement of operations. The Company reassess the classification of the warrants at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the warrants will be reclassified as of the date of the event that causes the reclassification. There has been no change in the classification of the warrants as of June 30, 2025.
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Registration Rights
The holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and any warrants that may be issued upon conversion of the Working Capital Loans (and in each case holders of the underlying securities thereof, as applicable) are entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed on December 9, 2021, requiring the Company to register such securities for resale (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion to our Class A common stock). The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form registration demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the Company’s consummation of a Business Combination and rights to require the Company to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. However, the registration rights agreement provides that the Company is not required to effect or permit any registration or cause any registration statement to become effective until termination of the applicable lock-up period with respect to such securities. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The Company granted the underwriter a 45 -day option from the date of the IPO to purchase up to 3,000,000 additional Units to cover over-allotments, if any, at the IPO price less the underwriting discount. On December 13, 2021, the underwriter exercised the option in full, closing the sale of the 3,000,000 additional Units on December 14, 2021. The underwriter was paid an underwriting commission of $ 4,600,000 upon the closing of the IPO. In addition, the underwriter was entitled to a deferred fee of $ 0.35 per Unit, or $ 8,050,000 in the aggregate, payable to the underwriter from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that the Company completes a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement. On August 22, 2022, the underwriter delivered a letter to the Company pursuant to which the underwriter waived its entitlement to the payment of the deferred underwriting fee. The $ 8,050,000 waived fee was recorded to accumulated deficit.
Non-redemption Agreements
On May 25, 2023, the Company and the Sponsor entered into Non-Redemption Agreements with unaffiliated third parties in exchange for such third parties agreeing (i) not to redeem an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Class A common stock sold in its initial public offering (the “Non-Redeemed Shares”) in connection with the Special Meeting and (ii) to vote in favor of the Extension Amendment Proposal and the Extension at the Special Meeting (other than with respect to certain shares acquired or to be acquired pursuant to the Non-Redemption Agreements). In exchange for the foregoing commitments, the Sponsor has agreed to transfer to such third parties an aggregate of up to 1,499,996 shares of Class B common stock held by the Sponsor, with 500,000 of such shares to be transferred to such third parties promptly upon consummation of the Extension, and an additional 166,666 shares to be transferred to such third parties monthly beginning on September 14, 2023 and up to, and including, February 14, 2024, if the board of directors of the Company elects to further extend the deadline to consummate an initial Business Combination at or prior to such date, in each case, if such third parties continue to hold such Non-Redeemed Shares through the Special Meeting.
The Company previously had extended the deadline six times, to March 14, 2024, resulting in a total of 1,499,996 shares of Class B common stock being transferred to such third parties.
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On January 15, 2025, certain third-party investors in the Company transferred an aggregate of 262,502 shares of Class B common stock, par value $ 0.0001 per share, of the Company, which had previously been transferred by the Sponsor to such investors, back to the Sponsor for no additional consideration in connection with the liquidation of certain of such investors’ investment vehicles.
The Company accounted for the Non-Redemption Agreements in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5T (“SAB Topic 5T”). The Company considered the Sponsor’s transfer of Class B common stock to the unaffiliated third parties in exchange for the Non-Redemption Agreements as a capital contribution by the Sponsor, and recognized the excess fair value of the transferred Class B common stock as a non-redemption agreement expense on the condensed statements of operations. The Company determined the excess fair value of the 1,499,996 shares of Class B common stock transferred to such third parties upon the consummation of the First Extension to be $ 1,209,879 .
Note 9. Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
June 30, 2025
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Assets:
Marketable securities held in trust account
$
438,166
$
—
$
—
Liabilities:
Public Warrants
$
—
$
2,873,850
$
—
Private Placement Warrants
$
—
$
2,924,000
$
—
December 31, 2024
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Assets:
Marketable securities held in trust account
$
429,151
$
—
$
—
Liabilities:
Public Warrants
$
—
$
2,300,000
$
—
Private Placement Warrants
$
—
$
2,339,000
$
—
The following table presents the changes in the fair value of the Company’s liabilities classified as Level 2 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Warrant Liabilities
Level 2 Derivative warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2023
$
293,000
Change in fair value of Private Placement Warrant liability
2,046,000
Transfer of Public Warrant liability to Level 2
2,300,000
Level 2 Derivative warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2024
4,639,000
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
1,158,850
Level 2 Derivative warrant liabilities as of June 30, 2025
$
5,797,850
The Public Warrants were reclassified from Level 1 to Level 2 as a result of the delisting of the Company’s Class A common stock and Public Warrants from the NYSE on March 21, 2024.
At June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company’s warrant liability was valued at $ 5,797,850 and $ 4,639,000 . Under the guidance in ASC 815-40, the Public Warrants and the Private Placement Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment. As such, the Public Warrants and the Private Placement Warrants must be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. This valuation is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date. With each re-measurement, the valuations will be adjusted to fair value, with the change in fair value recognized in the Company’s statement of operations.
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The following table presents fair value information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques the Company utilized to determine such fair value. The Company’s Private Placement Warrant liability is based on a valuation model utilizing management judgment and pricing inputs from observable and unobservable markets with less volume and transaction frequency than active markets. Significant deviations from these estimates and inputs could result in a material change in fair value.
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Private
Public
Placement
Warrant
Warrants
Warrants
Liability
Derivative warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2024
$
2,300,000
$
2,339,000
$
4,639,000
Change in fair value
( 29,900 )
( 29,000 )
( 58,900 )
Derivative warrant liabilities as of March 31, 2025
2,270,100
$
2,310,000
$
4,580,100
Change in fair value
603,750
614,000
1,217,750
Derivative warrant liabilities as of June 30, 2025
$
2,873,850
$
2,924,000
$
5,797,850
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Private
Public
Placement
Warrant
Warrants
Warrants
Liability
Derivative warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2023
$
287,500
$
293,000
$
580,500
Change in fair value
( 221,950 )
( 226,000 )
( 447,950 )
Derivative warrant liabilities as of March 31, 2024
65,550
67,000
132,550
Change in fair value
164,450
167,000
331,450
Derivative warrant liabilities as of June 30, 2024
$
230,000
$
234,000
$
464,000
Measurement
The Company established the initial fair value for the warrants on December 14, 2021, the date of the consummation of the Company’s IPO. The Company allocated the proceeds received from (i) the sale of Units (which is inclusive of one share of Class A common stock and one -half of one Public Warrant), (ii) the sale of Private Placement Warrants, and (iii) the issuance of Class B common stock, first to the warrants based on their fair values as determined at initial measurement, with the remaining proceeds allocated to Class A common stock subject to possible redemption (temporary equity), Class A common stock (permanent equity) and Class B common stock (permanent equity) based on their relative fair values at the initial measurement date. As of June 30, 2025, the Public Warrants have detached from the Units and are separately tradable on the over-the-counter markets. The closing price of the Public Warrants was utilized in determining the fair value of the Public Warrants as of June 30, 2025.
The key inputs into the Monte Carlo simulation formula used to value the Private Placement Warrants were as follows at June 30, 2025 and 2024:
June 30,
Inputs:
2025
2024
Common stock price
$
11.83
$
10.99
Exercise price
$
11.50
$
11.50
Risk-free rate of interest
3.78
%
4.28
%
Volatility
0.00
%
0.00
%
Term
5.25
5.46
Warrant to buy one share
$
0.25
$
0.02
Dividend yield
0.00
%
0.00
%
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Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements
On May 25, 2023, the Company and the Sponsor entered into Non-Redemption Agreements with unaffiliated third parties (see Note 8). The Company accounts for the excess fair value of the Class B shares transferred from the Sponsor to the unaffiliated third parties as a capital contribution by the Sponsor and recorded a non-redemption agreement expense in accordance with SAB Topic 5T. The Company estimated the fair value of the 500,000 Class B shares transferred upon the consummation of the Extension at $ 387,000 , or $ 0.77 per share. In connection with the subsequent extensions to March 14, 2024, the Sponsor transferred an additional 999,996 Class B shares to the unaffiliated third parties under the terms of the Non-Redemption Agreements. The Company estimated the fair value of the 999,996 Class B shares transferred at $ 0.82 to $ 0.83 per share.
The fair value of the Class B shares was determined by multiplying the underlying stock price of the Company’s Class A common stock by the estimated probability of an Initial Business Combination and applying a discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”). The Company utilized June 9, 2023, the date of the consummation of the Extension, as the measurement date for the transfer of the 500,000 Class B shares and September 30, 2023, October 11, 2023, November 14, 2023, December 13, 2023, January 12, 2024 and February 14, 2024 as the measurement dates for the transfer of the 166,666 Class B shares ( 999,996 Class B shares in the aggregate) transferred in connection with the subsequent extensions, respectively.
The following are the key inputs into the calculations at the measurement dates:
June 9,
September 30,
October 11,
November 14,
December 13,
January 12,
February 12,
Inputs:
2023
2023
2023
2023
2023
2024
2024
Common stock price
$
10.54
$
10.56
$
10.57
$
10.60
$
10.62
$
10.65
$
10.73
Estimated probability of an Initial Business Combination
10.00
%
10.00
%
10.00
%
10.00
%
10.00
%
10.00
%
10.00
%
Estimated volatility
76.56
%
65.96
%
64.90
%
63.91
%
65.52
%
66.02
%
64.40
%
Risk-free rate
5.10
%
5.39
%
5.31
%
5.17
%
4.88
%
4.60
%
4.88
%
Time to expiration
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Note 10. Income Taxes
The Company utilized the discrete method for estimating its interim income tax provision. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $ 277 and $ 88,604 , respectively, and our effective tax rate was ( 0.02 )% and ( 5.65 )%, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $ 49,421 and $ 114,124 , respectively, and our effective tax rate was ( 9.79 )% and ( 88.30 )%, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the Federal statutory tax rate of 21 % due to changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities and valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets.
The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize its deferred tax assets, which primarily consist of capitalized startup costs. The Company considered the history of cumulative net losses, estimated future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, and has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets. As such, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2025.
Note 11. Segment Information
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may recognize revenues and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.
The Company’s CODM has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the assets, operating results, and financial metrics for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that there is only one reportable segment.
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The CODM assesses performance for the single segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income or loss that also is reported on the statements of operations as net income or loss. The CODM uses net income or loss to manage the business and forecasts to ensure enough capital is available to complete a business combination or similar transaction within the business combination period. The CODM also reviews significant expenses, which are consistent with those reported on the statements of operations, to manage, maintain, and enforce contractual agreements to ensure costs are aligned with agreements and the budget. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheets as total assets. All segment items included in net income or loss are reported on the statements of operations and described within their respective disclosures.
Note 12. Subsequent Events
On July 22, 2025, the Company received a notice of effectiveness from the SEC with respect to the Form S-4 registration statement of the Company and Angel Studios.
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Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.