AGNC Investment Corp. 10-Q

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is designed to provide a reader of AGNC Investment Corp.'s consolidated financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for quarterly period ended March 31, 2022. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections: • Executive Overview • Financial Condition • Results of Operations • Liquidity and Capital Resources • Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements • Forward-Looking Statements EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW We are a leading provider of private capital to the U.S. housing market, enhancing liquidity in the residential real estate mortgage markets and, in turn, facilitating home ownership in the U.S. We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") on a leveraged basis. These investments consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise, such as Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac," and together with Fannie Mae, the "GSEs"), or by a U.S. Government agency, such as Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"). We may also invest in other assets related to the housing, mortgage or real estate markets that are not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency. We are internally managed with the principal objective of providing our stockholders with favorable long-term returns on a risk-adjusted basis through attractive monthly dividends. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities. We fund 23 our investments primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We operate in a manner to qualify to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. The size and composition of our investment portfolio depends on the investment strategies we implement, availability of attractively priced investments, suitable financing to appropriately leverage our investment portfolio and overall market conditions. Market conditions are influenced by a variety of factors, including interest rates, prepayment expectations, liquidity, housing prices, unemployment rates, general economic conditions, government participation in the mortgage market, regulations and relative returns on other assets. Trends and Recent Market Impacts The investment environment was very challenging in the first quarter as the market faced elevated geopolitical risk, growing inflation concerns, and the expectation of significantly tighter monetary policy. Against this backdrop, interest rates repriced materially higher, the yield curve flattened, and fixed income spreads to benchmark interest rates widened. These conditions led to a “risk-off” sentiment that pressured equity markets and caused unprecedented price declines across fixed income markets as evidenced by the Bloomberg Aggregate Bond Index, the broadest fixed income market measure, posting its worst quarterly performance in more than 40 years. Major monetary policy transitions are difficult for fixed income markets broadly and the Agency MBS market specifically, given its unique role in monetary policy and the overall economy. The Federal Reserve (the “Fed”) indicated at its March meeting that the portfolio runoff plan will include an Agency RMBS cap of $35 billion per month and provided greater clarity at its May meeting that the runoff will begin on June 1, 2022 with an initial cap of $17.5 billion per month for the first three months before increasing to the previously announced $35 billion per month level. This guidance was largely in line with investor expectations. Concerns associated with the Fed’s balance sheet normalization drove Agency RMBS spreads significantly wider during the first quarter relative to interest rate swap and U.S. Treasury hedges. This mortgage spread widening was, in turn, the primary driver of AGNC’s 14.4% economic loss on tangible net asset value per common share for the quarter, which consisted of a 16.7% decline of our tangible net book value to $13.12 per common share as of March 31, 2022 and dividends declared during the quarter of $0.36 per common share. As a result of the significant repricing of Agency RMBS over the past several quarters, we believe that risk-adjusted returns on many segments of the Agency RMBS market are now attractive on both an absolute and relative basis. However, we expect markets to remain volatile over the near-term as a result of the uncertain and rapidly shifting economic backdrop. Although Agency RMBS could experience additional valuation declines over the near-term, which may negatively impact our tangible net book value per share of common stock, we would likely view such declines as a favorable buying opportunity in light of the enhanced projected returns on new investments. Our at-risk leverage remained below our historical operating levels during the first quarter as we continued to maintain a defensive position. As of the end of the first quarter, our leverage was 7.5x tangible equity, slightly lower than 7.7x as of the end of the end of the fourth quarter. Given the elevated interest rate volatility and ongoing uncertainty around quantitative tightening measures, we took additional actions to reduce our aggregate risk profile during the quarter by reducing our asset position, shifting our Agency RMBS portfolio toward higher coupon securities, and increasing our interest rate hedge position relative to our funding liabilities. As of March 31, 2022, our interest rate hedges totaled 121% of the outstanding balance of our Agency repurchase agreements, net TBA position and other debt, compared to 101% as of December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022, our duration gap, which is a measure of the difference between the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities, inclusive of our interest rate hedges, was 0.3 years, up slightly from 0.1 years as of December 31, 2021. Our unencumbered cash and Agency RMBS position, which excludes both unencumbered credit assets and assets held at our captive broker-dealer subsidiary, was $3.5 billion as of March 31, 2022, compared to $4.9 billion as of December 31, 2021. Consistent with higher interest rates, the average projected life CPR on our portfolio decreased to 7.9% as of March 31, 2022, from 10.9% as of the end of the prior quarter. Actual CPRs on our portfolio also continued to trend lower, averaging 14.5% for the first quarter. Our net interest spread for the quarter increased to 219 basis points, from 215 basis points for the fourth quarter, as the improvement in asset yields due to declining prepayment speeds, portfolio repositioning, and very strong TBA dollar roll performance more than offset a modest increase in our cost of funds. Thus, despite a smaller asset base, our net spread and dollar roll income, excluding “catch-up” premium amortization due to changes in CPR projections, remained relatively stable at $0.72 per share of common stock (a non-GAAP measure), compared to $0.75 for the prior quarter. While we anticipate that TBA dollar roll performance will moderate over time to levels more consistent with historical averages, our interest rate swap position should provide considerable protection for our cost of funds against the significant increase in short-term rates that is expected to occur over the remainder of the year. 24 Although the underperformance of Agency RMBS has negatively impacted our tangible net book value in the short-run, higher rates and wider spreads have significantly improved our investment outlook on both our existing portfolio and new Agency RMBS investments. We believe we are well-positioned to take advantage of favorable investment opportunities as market conditions stabilize, which should improve the long-term earnings profile of our investment portfolio. For information regarding non-GAAP financial measures, including reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measure, and information regarding our average implied TBA dollar roll financing, please refer to Results of Operations included in this MD&A below. For further discussion regarding the sensitivity of our tangible net book value to changes in interest rates and mortgage spreads, please refer to Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in this form 10-Q. Market Information The following table summarizes interest rates and prices of generic fixed rate Agency RMBS as of each date presented below: Interest Rate/Security Price 1 Mar. 31, 2021 June 30, 2021 Sept. 30, 2021 Dec. 31, 2021 Mar. 31, 2022 Mar. 31, 2022 vs Dec. 31, 2021 Target Federal Funds Rate: Target Federal Funds Rate - Upper Band 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.50% +25 bps SOFR: SOFR Rate 0.01% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.29% +24 bps SOFR Interest Rate Swap Rate: 2-Year Swap 0.12% 0.19% 0.24% 0.74% 2.28% +154 bps 5-Year Swap 0.82% 0.75% 0.83% 1.12% 2.25% +113 bps 10-Year Swap 1.52% 1.19% 1.26% 1.32% 2.13% +81 bps 30-Year Swap 1.92% 1.50% 1.52% 1.46% 1.97% +51 bps U.S. Treasury Security Rate: 2-Year U.S. Treasury 0.16% 0.25% 0.28% 0.73% 2.34% +161 bps 5-Year U.S. Treasury 0.94% 0.89% 0.97% 1.26% 2.46% +120 bps 10-Year U.S. Treasury 1.74% 1.47% 1.49% 1.51% 2.34% +83 bps 30-Year U.S. Treasury 2.41% 2.09% 2.05% 1.90% 2.45% +55 bps 30-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price: 2.0% $99.70 $101.09 $100.21 $99.79 $92.84 -$6.95 2.5% $102.55 $103.48 $103.04 $102.12 $95.45 -$6.67 3.0% $104.13 $104.27 $104.61 $103.68 $97.86 -$5.82 3.5% $105.63 $105.28 $105.80 $105.32 $100.21 -$5.11 4.0% $107.31 $106.53 $107.13 $106.44 $102.10 -$4.34 4.5% $108.91 $107.66 $108.13 $107.19 $103.73 -$3.46 15-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price: 1.5% $100.40 $101.23 $100.95 $100.33 $94.81 -$5.52 2.0% $102.61 $103.19 $102.96 $102.45 $97.11 -$5.34 2.5% $104.06 $104.29 $104.16 $103.45 $98.83 -$4.62 3.0% $105.59 $105.05 $105.14 $104.59 $100.70 -$3.89 3.5% $106.69 $106.83 $106.56 $105.52 $101.97 -$3.55 4.0% $106.34 $106.19 $106.06 $105.47 $102.50 -$2.97 ________________________________ 1. Price information is for generic instruments only and is not reflective of our specific portfolio holdings. Price information is as of 3:00 p.m. (EST) on such date and can vary by source. Prices in the table above were obtained from Barclays. Interest rates were obtained from Bloomberg. 25 The following table summarizes mortgage rates and credit spreads as of each date presented below: Mortgage Rate/Credit Spread Mar. 31, 2021 June 30, 2021 Sept. 30, 2021 Dec. 31, 2021 Mar. 31, 2022 Mar. 31, 2022 vs Dec. 31, 2021 Mortgage Rate: 1 30-Year Mortgage Rate 3.27% 3.13% 3.18% 3.27% 4.90% +163 bps 30-Year Agency Current Coupon 2.04% 1.83% 1.97% 2.07% 3.49% +142 bps 30-Year Primary to Secondary Spread 1.23% 1.30% 1.21% 1.20% 1.41% +21 bps Credit Spread (in bps): 2 CRT M2 235 179 171 182 319 +137 CMBS AAA 69 65 66 68 96 +28 CDX IG 54 48 53 49 67 +18 ________________________________ 1. 30-Year Mortgage rates are sourced from Bloomberg; 30-Year Current Coupon rates represent current coupon rates for new production Agency RMBS sourced from Bloomberg; and the 30-Year Primary to Secondary Spreads represent the 30-Year Mortgage Rate and 30-Year Agency Current Coupon rate spread differential as of each date. 2. CRT and CMBS spreads are averages of JP Morgan, Bank of America and Wells Fargo. CRT spreads are discount margins. CMBS spreads are spreads to the swap curve. CDX spreads are sourced from JP Morgan. 26 FINANCIAL CONDITION As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our investment portfolio totaled $68.6 billion and $82.0 billion, respectively, consisting of: $49.1 billion and $54.4 billion investment securities, at fair value, respectively; $19.5 billion and $27.1 billion net TBA securities, at fair value, respectively; and as of December 31, 2021, $0.4 billion forward settling non-Agency securities, at fair value. The following table is a summary of our investment portfolio as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions): March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Investment Portfolio (Includes TBAs) Amortized Cost Fair Value Average Coupon % Amortized Cost Fair Value Average Coupon % Fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities: ≤ 15-year: ≤ 15-year RMBS $ 2,140 $ 2,128 3.27 % 3 % $ 2,570 $ 2,652 3.27 % 3 % 15-year TBA securities, net 1 246 242 3.24 % — % 2,056 2,059 1.71 % 3 % Total ≤ 15-year 2,386 2,370 3.27 % 3 % 4,626 4,711 2.57 % 6 % 20-year RMBS 1,868 1,744 2.51 % 3 % 1,948 1,942 2.52 % 2 % 30-year: 30-year RMBS 45,312 43,252 3.10 % 63 % 47,028 47,695 3.04 % 58 % 30-year TBA securities, net 1 19,906 19,301 3.48 % 28 % 25,128 25,081 2.54 % 31 % Total 30-year 65,218 62,553 3.21 % 91 % 72,156 72,776 2.87 % 89 % Total fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities 69,472 66,667 3.20 % 97 % 78,730 79,429 2.84 % 97 % Adjustable rate Agency RMBS 40 41 2.32 % — % 45 47 2.23 % — % CMO Agency RMBS: CMO 166 166 3.11 % — % 182 188 3.12 % — % Interest-only strips 28 30 5.31 % — % 31 37 5.60 % — % Principal-only strips 36 37 — % — % 39 43 — % — % Total CMO Agency RMBS 230 233 3.93 % — % 252 268 4.08 % 1 % Total Agency RMBS and TBA securities 69,742 66,941 3.20 % 98 % 79,027 79,744 2.85 % 98 % Non-Agency RMBS 2 327 316 3.39 % — % 763 767 2.85 % 1 % CMBS 496 488 3.76 % 1 % 505 514 3.60 % 1 % CRT 903 885 4.23 % 1 % 955 974 3.74 % 1 % Total investment portfolio $ 71,468 $ 68,630 3.22 % 100 % $ 81,250 $ 81,999 2.85 % 100 % ________________________________ 1. TBA securities are presented net of long and short positions. For further details of our TBA securities refer to Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. 2. Includes $0.4 billion of forward settling non-Agency securities as of December 31, 2021. TBA and forward settling securities are recorded as derivative instruments in our accompanying consolidated financial statements, and our TBA dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our TBA position and forward settling securities had a net carrying value of $(609) million and $(44) million, respectively, reported in derivative assets/(liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying security in the TBA contract or forward purchase agreement and the price to be paid or received for the underlying security. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the weighted average yield on our investment securities (excluding TBA and forward settling securities) was 2.56% and 2.43%, respectively. 27 The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our fixed rate Agency RMBS portfolio, inclusive of TBA securities, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions): March 31, 2022 Includes Net TBA Position Excludes Net TBA Position Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities Par Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Specified Pool % 1 Amortized Cost Basis Weighted Average Projected CPR 3 WAC 2 Yield 3 Age (Months) Fixed rate ≤ 15-year: 2.0% $ 53 $ 57 $ 51 100% 103.0% 2.69% 1.28% 16 10% 2.5% 298 314 295 100% 105.4% 3.02% 1.18% 30 12% 3.0% 750 761 759 83% 101.5% 3.55% 2.51% 51 14% 3.5% 803 820 825 85% 102.0% 4.03% 2.77% 52 16% 4.0% 418 430 436 92% 103.0% 4.60% 2.90% 52 17% ≥ 4.5% 4 4 4 97% 102.7% 5.00% 2.66% 136 22% Total ≤ 15-year 2,326 2,386 2,370 88% 102.6% 3.82% 2.45% 48 15% 20-year: 2.0% 1,014 1,045 953 —% 103.1% 2.86% 1.52% 17 6% 2.5% 402 422 390 —% 104.9% 3.27% 1.68% 21 7% 3.0% 33 35 33 97% 103.7% 3.77% 2.25% 32 10% 3.5% 159 162 163 81% 101.9% 4.05% 2.96% 104 11% ≥ 4.0% 195 204 205 96% 104.3% 4.74% 3.10% 64 14% Total 20-year: 1,803 1,868 1,744 21% 103.5% 3.28% 1.86% 31 8% 30-year: 2.0% 6,490 6,720 6,052 5% 100.5% 2.85% 1.93% 11 5% 2.5% 11,650 12,056 11,156 69% 103.7% 3.12% 2.06% 9 5% 3.0% 12,922 13,257 12,653 25% 102.1% 3.56% 2.74% 13 6% 3.5% 16,729 17,134 16,858 43% 104.9% 4.05% 2.67% 82 9% 4.0% 10,978 11,508 11,342 68% 106.1% 4.51% 2.91% 69 10% ≥ 4.5% 4,243 4,543 4,492 97% 107.1% 5.02% 3.19% 56 11% Total 30-year 63,012 65,218 62,553 49% 103.8% 3.72% 2.49% 39 8% Total fixed rate $ 67,141 $ 69,472 $ 66,667 50% 103.8% 3.70% 2.46% 39 8% ________________________________ 1. Specified pools include pools backed by lower balance loans with original loan balances of up to $200K, HARP pools (defined as pools that were issued between May 2009 and December 2018 and backed by 100% refinance loans with original LTVs ≥ 80%), and pools backed by loans 100% originated in New York and Puerto Rico. As of March 31, 2022, lower balance specified pools had a weighted average original loan balance of $122,000 and $122,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP pools had a weighted average original LTV of 128% and 138% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively. 2. WAC represents the weighted average coupon of the underlying collateral. 3. Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of March 31, 2022. 28 December 31, 2021 Includes Net TBA Position Excludes Net TBA Position Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities Par Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Specified Pool % 1 Amortized Cost Basis Weighted Average Projected CPR 3 WAC 2 Yield 3 Age (Months) Fixed rate ≤ 15-year: 1.5% $ 1,184 $ 1,184 $ 1,185 —% —% —% —% — —% 2.0% 914 933 934 6% 102.9% 2.68% 1.29% 13 11% 2.5% 312 329 326 100% 105.4% 3.03% 1.16% 27 13% 3.0% 806 818 848 99% 101.5% 3.55% 2.46% 55 15% 3.5% 869 887 924 100% 102.0% 4.03% 2.73% 52 18% ≥ 4.0% 462 475 494 92% 102.9% 4.61% 2.88% 50 19% Total ≤ 15-year 4,547 4,626 4,711 55% 102.5% 3.82% 2.44% 49 16% 20-year: ≤ 2.0% 1,044 1,076 1,055 —% 103.0% 2.86% 1.42% 14 10% 2.5% 427 446 440 —% 104.4% 3.28% 1.48% 18 14% 3.0% 35 36 37 97% 103.4% 3.78% 2.16% 29 14% 3.5% 169 172 181 81% 101.8% 4.05% 2.95% 101 13% ≥ 4.0% 209 218 229 96% 104.1% 4.74% 3.08% 61 15% Total 20-year: 1,884 1,948 1,942 21% 103.3% 3.29% 1.77% 28 12% 30-year: ≤ 2.0% 15,617 15,673 15,581 3% 100.5% 2.86% 1.92% 8 7% 2.5% 27,578 28,342 28,182 22% 104.1% 3.16% 1.96% 6 7% 3.0% 5,031 5,197 5,234 16% 102.8% 3.61% 2.52% 49 11% 3.5% 8,531 8,917 9,200 86% 104.5% 4.05% 2.59% 83 12% 4.0% 8,696 9,146 9,495 92% 105.2% 4.51% 2.81% 65 15% ≥ 4.5% 4,606 4,881 5,084 97% 106.0% 5.02% 3.06% 53 16% Total 30-year 70,059 72,156 72,776 40% 103.5% 3.71% 2.36% 38 11% Total fixed rate $ 76,490 $ 78,730 $ 79,429 41% 103.5% 3.70% 2.34% 38 11% ________________________________ 1. See Note 1 of preceding table for specified pool composition. As of December 31, 2021, lower balance specified pools had a weighted average original loan balance of $119,000 and $117,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP pools had a weighted average original LTV of 127% and 138% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively. 2. WAC represents the weighted average coupon of the underlying collateral. 3. Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of December 31, 2021. For additional details regarding our CRT and non-Agency securities, including credit ratings, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, please refer to Note 3 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Non-GAAP Financial Measures In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, our results of operations discussed below include certain non-GAAP financial information, including "economic interest income," "economic interest expense," "net spread and dollar roll income," "net spread and dollar roll income, excluding 'catch-up' premium amortization," "estimated taxable income" and the related per common share measures and certain financial metrics derived from such non-GAAP information, such as "cost of funds" and "net interest spread." "Economic interest income" is measured as interest income (GAAP measure), adjusted (i) to exclude "catch-up" premium amortization associated with changes in CPR estimates and (ii) to include TBA dollar roll implied interest income. "Economic interest expense" is measured as interest expense (GAAP measure) adjusted to include TBA dollar roll implied interest expense/(benefit) and interest rate swap periodic cost/(income). "Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization" includes (i) the components of economic interest income and economic interest expense and other interest and dividend income (referred to as "adjusted net interest and dollar roll income"), less (ii) total operating expenses (GAAP measure). 29 By providing such measures, in addition to the related GAAP measures, we believe we give greater transparency into the information used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. We also believe it is important for users of our financial information to consider information related to our current financial performance without the effects of certain measures and one-time events that are not necessarily indicative of our current investment portfolio performance and operations. Specifically, in the case of "adjusted net interest and dollar roll income," we believe the inclusion of TBA dollar roll income is meaningful as TBAs, which are accounted for under GAAP as derivative instruments with gains and losses recognized in other gain (loss) in our consolidated statement of comprehensive income, are economically equivalent to holding and financing generic Agency RMBS using short-term repurchase agreements. Similarly, we believe that the inclusion of periodic interest rate swap settlements in "economic interest expense" is meaningful as interest rate swaps are the primary instrument we use to economically hedge against fluctuations in our borrowing costs and it is more indicative of our total cost of funds than interest expense alone. In the case of "economic interest income" and "net spread and dollar roll income, excluding 'catch-up' premium amortization," we believe the exclusion of "catch-up" adjustments to premium amortization cost or benefit is meaningful as it excludes the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to current changes in future prepayment expectations and, therefore, exclusion of such cost or benefit is more indicative of the current earnings potential of our investment portfolio. In the case of estimated taxable income, we believe it is meaningful information because it directly relates to the amount of dividends that we are required to distribute to maintain our REIT qualification status. However, because such measures are incomplete measures of our financial performance and involve differences from results computed in accordance with GAAP, they should be considered as supplementary to, and not as a substitute for, results computed in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of such non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies. Furthermore, estimated taxable income can include certain information that is subject to potential adjustments up to the time of filing our income tax returns, which occurs after the end of our fiscal year. Selected Financial Data The following selected financial data is derived from our interim consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. The tables below present our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and key statistics for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions, except per share amounts): March 31, December 31, Balance Sheet Data 2022 2021 (Unaudited) Investment securities, at fair value $ 49,087 $ 54,421 Total assets $ 66,394 $ 68,149 Repurchase agreements and other debt $ 44,831 $ 47,507 Total liabilities $ 57,464 $ 57,858 Total stockholders' equity $ 8,930 $ 10,291 Net book value per common share 1 $ 14.12 $ 16.76 Tangible net book value per common share 2 $ 13.12 $ 15.75 30 Three Months Ended March 31, Statement of Comprehensive Income Data (Unaudited) 2022 2021 Interest income $ 475 $ 557 Interest expense 27 29 Net interest income 448 528 Other gain (loss), net (1,078) 471 Operating expenses 21 24 Net income (loss) (651) 975 Dividends on preferred stock 25 25 Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders $ (676) $ 950 Net income (loss) $ (651) $ 975 Other comprehensive income (loss), net (491) (237) Comprehensive income (loss) (1,142) 738 Dividends on preferred stock 25 25 Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders $ (1,167) $ 713 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic 524.3 533.7 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 524.3 535.6 Net income (loss) per common share - basic $ (1.29) $ 1.78 Net income (loss) per common share - diluted $ (1.29) $ 1.77 Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - basic $ (2.23) $ 1.34 Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - diluted $ (2.23) $ 1.33 Dividends declared per common share $ 0.36 $ 0.36 Three Months Ended March 31, Other Data (Unaudited) * 2022 2021 Average investment securities - at par $ 51,749 $ 56,641 Average investment securities - at cost $ 53,535 $ 58,948 Average net TBA dollar roll position - at cost $ 23,605 $ 32,022 Average total assets - at fair value $ 67,213 $ 79,415 Average repurchase agreements and other debt outstanding 3 $ 46,570 $ 54,602 Average stockholders' equity 4 $ 9,545 $ 11,312 Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage 5 7.8:1 8.0:1 Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage (as of period end) 6 7.5:1 7.7:1 Economic return on tangible common equity - unannualized 7 (14.4) % 8.2 % Expenses % of average total assets - annualized 0.12 % 0.12 % Expenses % of average assets, including average net TBA position - annualized 0.09 % 0.09 % Expenses % of average stockholders' equity - annualized 0.88 % 0.85 % ________________________________ * Except as noted below, average numbers for each period are weighted based on days on our books and records. 1. Net book value per common share is calculated as total stockholders' equity, less preferred stock liquidation preference, divided by number of common shares outstanding as of period end. 2. Tangible net book value per common share excludes goodwill. 3. Amount excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements and TBA contracts. Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs. 4. Average stockholders' equity calculated as average month-ended stockholders' equity during the period. 5. Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage is calculated by dividing the sum of daily weighted average repurchase agreements used to fund our investment securities, other debt, and TBA and forward settling securities (at cost) (collectively "mortgage borrowings") outstanding for the period by the sum of average stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill for the period. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements. 6. Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage as of period end is calculated by dividing the sum of mortgage borrowings outstanding and receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities as of period end by the sum of total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements. 31 7. Economic return on tangible common equity represents the sum of the change in tangible net book value per common share and dividends declared per share of common stock during the period over beginning tangible net book value per common share. Economic Interest Income and Asset Yields The following table summarizes our economic interest income (a non-GAAP measure) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, which includes the combination of interest income (a GAAP measure) on our holdings reported as investment securities on our consolidated balance sheets, adjusted to exclude estimated "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments for the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to changes in our CPR forecast, and implied interest income on our TBA securities (dollars in millions): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Amount Yield Amount Yield Interest income: Cash/coupon interest income $ 397 3.07 % $ 480 3.40 % Net premium amortization benefit (cost) 78 0.48 % 77 0.38 % Interest income (GAAP measure) 475 3.55 % 557 3.78 % Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast (159) (1.19) % (213) (1.45) % Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization 316 2.36 % 344 2.33 % TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 1,2 123 2.09 % 116 1.44 % Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure) 3 $ 439 2.28 % $ 460 2.02 % Weighted average actual portfolio CPR for investment securities held during the period 14.5 % 24.6 % Weighted average projected CPR for the remaining life of investment securities held as of period end 7.9 % 11.3 % 30-year fixed rate mortgage rate as of period end 4 4.90 % 3.27 % 10-year U.S. Treasury rate as of period end 2.34 % 1.74 % ________________________________ 1. Reported in gain (loss) on derivatives instruments and other securities, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. 2. Implied interest income from TBA dollar roll transactions is computed as the sum of (i) TBA dollar roll income and (ii) estimated TBA implied funding cost (see Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds below). TBA dollar roll income represents the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and is the economic equivalent to interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period. Amount is net of TBAs used for hedging purposes. Amount excludes TBA mark-to-market adjustments. 3. The combined asset yield is calculated on a weighted average basis based on our average investment and TBA balances outstanding during the period and their respective yields. 4. Source: Bloomberg The principal elements impacting our economic interest income are the size of our average investment portfolio and the yield on our securities. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of each of these elements on our economic interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the prior year period (in millions): Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements Impacting Economic Interest Income Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 vs. March 31, 2021 Due to Change in Average Total Increase / (Decrease) Portfolio Size Asset Yield Interest Income (GAAP measure) $ (82) $ (51) $ (31) Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast 54 — 54 Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization (28) (51) 23 TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 7 (30) 37 Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure) $ (21) $ (81) $ 60 Our average investment portfolio, inclusive of TBAs (at cost), decreased 15% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a decline in stockholders' equity. The average yield on our investment portfolio, including TBA implied asset yields and excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, increased 26 basis points largely due to changes in asset composition and slower CPR projections. 32 Leverage Our primary measure of leverage is our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage ratio, which is measured as the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund our investment securities and net TBA and forward settling securities position (at cost) (together referred to as "mortgage borrowings") and our net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities, divided by our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill. We include our net TBA position in our measure of leverage because a forward contract to acquire Agency RMBS in the TBA market carries similar risks to Agency RMBS purchased in the cash market and funded with on-balance sheet liabilities. Similarly, a TBA contract for the forward sale of Agency securities has substantially the same effect as selling the underlying Agency RMBS and reducing our on-balance sheet funding commitments. (Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources for further discussion of TBA securities and dollar roll transactions). Repurchase agreements used to fund short-term investments in U.S. Treasury securities ("U.S. Treasury repo") are excluded from our measure of leverage due to the temporary and highly liquid nature of these investments. The following table presents a summary of our leverage ratios for the periods listed (dollars in millions): Repurchase Agreements and Other Debt 1 Net TBA Position Long/(Short) 2 Average Tangible Net Book Value "At Risk" Leverage during the Period 3 Tangible Net Book Value "At Risk" Leverage as of Period End 4 Quarter Ended Average Daily Amount Maximum Daily Amount Ending Amount Average Daily Amount Ending Amount March 31, 2022 $ 46,570 $ 47,940 $ 44,150 $ 23,605 $ 20,152 7.8:1 7.5:1 December 31, 2021 $ 46,999 $ 48,524 $ 47,037 $ 29,014 $ 27,622 7.6:1 7.7:1 March 31, 2021 $ 54,602 $ 57,153 $ 55,221 $ 32,022 $ 25,355 8.0:1 7.7:1 ________________________________ 1. Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs. Amounts exclude U.S. Treasury repo agreements. 2. Daily average and ending net TBA position outstanding measured at cost. Includes forward settling non-Agency securities. 3. Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage during the period represents the sum of our daily weighted average repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investment securities and net TBA and forward settling securities position outstanding, divided by the sum of our average month-ended stockholders' equity, adjusted to exclude goodwill. 4. Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage as of period end represents the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investments securities, net TBA and forward settling securities position (at cost), and net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities outstanding as of period end, divided by total stockholders' equity, adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end. Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds The following table summarizes our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds (non-GAAP measures) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions), which includes the combination of interest expense on Agency repurchase agreements and other debt (GAAP measure), implied financing cost (benefit) of our TBA securities and interest rate swap periodic cost: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 1 Amount Cost of Funds Amount Cost of Funds Repurchase agreement and other debt - interest expense (GAAP measure) $ 27 0.23 % $ 29 0.21 % TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense (benefit) 2,3 (29) (0.49) % (38) (0.48) % Economic interest expense (benefit) - before interest rate swap periodic cost, net 4 (2) (0.01) % (9) (0.04) % Interest rate swap periodic cost (income), net 2,5 18 0.10 % 12 0.06 % Total economic interest expense (benefit) (non-GAAP measure) $ 16 0.09 % $ 3 0.02 % ________________________________ 1. Amounts exclude interest rate swap termination fees and variation margin settlements paid or received, forward starting swaps and the impact of other supplemental hedges, such as swaptions and U.S. Treasury positions. 2. Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. 3. The implied funding cost (benefit) of TBA dollar roll transactions is determined using the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and market based assumptions regarding the "cheapest-to-deliver" collateral that can be delivered to satisfy the TBA contract, such as the anticipated collateral’s weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity and projected 1-month CPR. The average implied funding cost (benefit) for all TBA transactions is weighted based on our daily average TBA balance outstanding for the period. 4. The combined cost of funds for total mortgage borrowings outstanding, before interest rate swap costs, is calculated on a weighted average basis based on average repo, other debt and TBA balances outstanding during the period and their respective cost of funds. 5. Interest rate swap periodic cost is measured as a percent of average mortgage borrowings outstanding for the period. 33 The principal elements impacting our economic interest expense are (i) the size of our average mortgage borrowings and interest rate swap portfolio outstanding during the period, (ii) the average interest rate on our mortgage borrowings and (iii) the average net interest rate paid/received on our interest rate swaps. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of these elements on our economic interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the prior year period (in millions): Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements of Economic Interest Expense Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 vs. March 31, 2021 Due to Change in Average Total Increase / (Decrease) Borrowing / Swap Balance Borrowing / Swap Rate Repurchase agreements and other debt interest expense $ (2) $ (4) $ 2 TBA dollar roll income - implied interest benefit/expense 9 10 (1) Interest rate swap periodic cost 6 2 4 Total change in economic interest benefit/expense $ 13 $ 8 $ 5 Our average mortgage borrowings, inclusive of TBAs, decreased 19% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, due to a decline in stockholders' equity and smaller asset base. The average interest rate on our mortgage borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was largely unchanged from the prior year period, increasing 3 basis points. The increase in our interest rate swap periodic cost for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was a function of our average swap balance outstanding and the average fixed rate paid / floating rate received. The following is a summary of our average interest rate swaps outstanding and the related average swap pay and receive rates for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions). Amounts exclude forward starting swaps not yet in effect. Three Months Ended March 31, Average Ratio of Interest Rate Swaps (Excluding Forward Starting Swaps) to Mortgage Borrowings Outstanding 2022 2021 Average Agency repo and other debt outstanding $ 46,570 $ 54,602 Average net TBA dollar roll position outstanding - at cost $ 23,605 $ 32,022 Average mortgage borrowings outstanding $ 70,175 $ 86,624 Average notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding (excluding forward starting swaps) $ 52,543 $ 45,211 Ratio of average interest rate swaps to mortgage borrowings outstanding 75 % 52 % Average interest rate swap pay-fixed rate (excluding forward starting swaps) 0.23 % 0.16 % Average interest rate swap receive-floating rate (0.09) % (0.05) % Average interest rate swap net pay/(receive) rate 0.14 % 0.11 % For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we had an average forward starting swap balance of $0.1 billion and $0.3 billion, respectively. Forward starting interest rate swaps do not impact our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds until they commence accruing net interest settlements on their forward start dates. Including forward starting swaps, our average ratio of interest rate swaps outstanding to our average mortgage borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was 75% and 53%, respectively. Net Interest Spread The following table presents a summary of our net interest spread (including the impact of TBA dollar roll income, interest rate swaps and excluding "catch-up" premium amortization) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended March 31, Investment and TBA Securities - Net Interest Spread 2022 2021 Average asset yield, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization 2.28 % 2.02 % Average aggregate cost of funds (0.09) % (0.02) % Average net interest spread, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization 2.19 % 2.00 % 34 Net Spread and Dollar Roll Income The following table presents a summary of our net spread and dollar roll income, excluding estimated "catch-up" premium amortization, per diluted common share (a non-GAAP financial measure) and a reconciliation to our net interest income (the most comparable GAAP financial measure) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Net interest income (GAAP measure) $ 448 $ 528 TBA dollar roll income, net 1 152 154 Interest rate swap periodic cost (income), net 1 (18) (12) Adjusted net interest and dollar roll income 582 670 Operating expense (21) (24) Net spread and dollar roll income 561 646 Dividend on preferred stock 25 25 Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure) 536 621 Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast (159) (213) Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure) $ 377 $ 408 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic 524.3 533.7 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 525.7 535.6 Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - basic $ 1.02 $ 1.16 Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - diluted $ 1.02 $ 1.16 Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - basic $ 0.72 $ 0.76 Net spread and dollar roll income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, per common share - diluted $ 0.72 $ 0.76 ________________________________ 1. Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) on investment securities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions): Three Months Ended March 31, Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net 1 2022 2021 Loss on sale of investment securities, net $ (342) $ (13) Unrealized loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net 2 (2,532) (955) Unrealized loss on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net (491) (237) Total loss on investment securities, net $ (3,365) $ (1,205) ________________________________ 1. Amounts exclude gain (loss) on TBA securities, which are reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. 2. Investment securities acquired after fiscal year 2016 are measured at fair value through net income (see Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q). 35 Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net The following table is a summary of our gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 TBA securities, dollar roll income $ 152 $ 154 TBA securities, mark-to-market loss (1,386) (1,080) Interest rate swaps, periodic cost (18) (12) Interest rate swaps, mark-to-market gain 1,975 1,136 Payer swaptions 363 387 U.S. Treasury securities - short position 605 807 U.S. Treasury securities - long position (54) (10) U.S. Treasury futures contracts - short position 196 61 Other (37) (4) Total gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net $ 1,796 $ 1,439 For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity refer to Notes 2 and 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. Estimated Taxable Income (Loss) For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we had estimated taxable loss attributable to common stockholders of $(43) million and $(164) million, respectively, or $(0.08) and $(0.31) per diluted common share, respectively. Income determined under GAAP differs from income determined under U.S. federal income tax rules because of both temporary and permanent differences in income and expense recognition. The primary differences are (i) unrealized gains and losses on investment securities and derivative instruments marked-to-market in current income for GAAP purposes, but excluded from taxable income until realized, settled or amortized over the instrument's original term, (ii) timing differences, both temporary and potentially permanent, in the recognition of certain realized gains and losses and (iii) temporary differences related to the amortization of premiums and discounts on investments. Furthermore, our estimated taxable income is subject to potential adjustments up to the time of filing our appropriate tax returns, which occurs after the end of our fiscal year. The following is a 36 reconciliation of our GAAP net income to our estimated taxable income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions, except per share amounts): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Net income/(loss) $ (651) $ 975 Book to tax differences: Premium amortization, net (176) (269) Realized gain/loss, net (2,365) (1,494) Net capital loss/(utilization of net capital loss carryforward) 868 89 Unrealized (gain)/loss, net 2,294 545 Other (13) (10) Total book to tax differences 608 (1,139) REIT taxable loss (43) (164) REIT taxable income attributed to preferred stock — — REIT taxable loss attributed to common stock $ (43) $ (164) Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 524.3 533.7 Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 524.3 533.7 REIT taxable loss per common share - basic $ (0.08) $ (0.31) REIT taxable loss per common share - diluted $ (0.08) $ (0.31) Beginning net capital loss carryforward $ — $ — Increase (decrease) in net capital loss carryforward 868 89 Ending net capital loss carryforward $ 868 $ 89 Ending net capital loss carryforward per common share $ 1.66 $ 0.17 37 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Our business is dependent on our ability to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources to fund day-to-day operations, fulfill collateral requirements under our funding and derivative agreements, and to satisfy our dividend distribution requirement of at least 90% of our taxable income to maintain our qualification as a REIT. Our primary sources of liquidity are unencumbered cash and securities, borrowings available under repurchase agreements, TBA dollar roll financing and monthly receipts of principal and interest payments. We may also conduct asset sales, change our asset or funding mix, issue equity or undertake other capital enhancing actions to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources. There are various risks and uncertainties that can impact our liquidity, such as those described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risks in this Form 10-Q. In assessing our liquidity, we consider a number of factors, including our current leverage, collateral levels, access to capital markets, overall market conditions, and the sensitivity of our tangible net book value over a range of scenarios. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available to meet our obligations and execute our business strategy. Leverage and Financing Sources Our leverage will vary depending on market conditions and our assessment of relative risks and returns, but we generally expect our leverage to be between six and twelve times the amount of our tangible stockholders' equity, measured as the sum of our total mortgage borrowings and net payable / (receivable) for unsettled investment securities, divided by the sum of our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill. Our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage ratio was 7.5x and 7.7x as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following table includes a summary of our mortgage borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions). For additional details of our mortgage borrowings refer to Notes 2, 4 and 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Mortgage Borrowings Amount % Amount % Repurchase agreements 1,2 $ 44,034 68 % $ 46,911 63 % Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value 116 — % 126 — % Total debt 44,150 69 % 47,037 63 % TBA and forward settling non-Agency securities, at cost 20,152 31 % 27,622 37 % Total mortgage borrowings $ 64,302 100 % $ 74,659 100 % ________________________________ 1. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 41% and 42%, respectively, of our repurchase agreements were funded through the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation's GCF Repo service. 2. Amounts exclude U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements. Our primary financing sources are collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We enter into repurchase agreements, or "repo," through bi-lateral arrangements with financial institutions and independent dealers. We also enter into third-party repurchase agreements through our wholly-owned registered broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC, such as tri-party repo offered through the FICC's GCF Repo service. We manage our repurchase agreement funding position through a variety of methods, including diversification of counterparties, maintaining a staggered maturity profile and utilization of interest rate hedging strategies. We also use TBA dollar roll transactions as a means of synthetically financing Agency RMBS. The terms and conditions of our repurchase agreements are determined on a transaction-by-transaction basis when each such borrowing is initiated or renewed and, in the case of GCF Repo, by the variable margin requirements calculated by the FICC, which acts as the central counterparty. The amount borrowed is generally equal to the fair value of the securities pledged, as determined by the lending counterparty, less an agreed-upon discount, referred to as a "haircut," which reflects the underlying risk of the specific collateral and protects the counterparty against a change in its value. Interest rates are generally fixed based on prevailing rates corresponding to the term of the borrowing. None of our repo counterparties are obligated to renew or otherwise enter into new borrowings at the conclusion of our existing borrowings. The use of TBA dollar roll transactions increases our funding diversification, expands our available pool of assets, and increases our overall liquidity position, as TBA contracts typically have lower implied haircuts relative to Agency RMBS pools funded with repo financing. TBA dollar roll transactions may also have a lower implied cost of funds than comparable repo funded transactions (referred to as "dollar roll specialness") offering incremental return potential. However, if it were to become uneconomical to roll our TBA contracts into future months it may be necessary to take physical delivery of the underlying securities and fund those assets with cash or other financing sources, which could reduce our liquidity position. 38 Collateral Requirements and Unencumbered Assets Amounts available to be borrowed under our repurchase agreements are dependent upon prevailing interest rates, the lender’s "haircut" requirements and collateral value. Each of these elements may fluctuate with changes in interest rates, credit quality and liquidity conditions within the financial markets. To help manage the adverse impact of interest rate changes on our borrowings, we utilize an interest rate risk management strategy involving the use of derivative financial instruments. In particular, we attempt to mitigate the risk of the cost of our short-term funding liabilities increasing at a faster rate than the earnings of our long-term fixed rate assets during a period of rising interest rates. The collateral requirements, or haircut levels, under our repo agreements are typically determined on an individual transaction basis or by the prevailing requirements established by the FICC for GCF tri-party repo. Consequently, haircut levels and minimum margin requirements can change over time and may increase during periods of elevated market volatility. If the fair value of our collateral declines, our counterparties will typically require that we post additional collateral to re-establish the agreed-upon collateral levels, referred to as "margin calls." Similarly, if the estimated fair value of our investment securities increases, we may request that counterparties release collateral back to us. Our counterparties typically have the sole discretion to determine the value of pledged collateral but are required to act in good faith in making determinations of value. Our agreements generally provide that in the event of a margin call, collateral must be posted on the same business day, subject to notice requirements. As of March 31, 2022, we had met all our margin requirements. The value of Agency RMBS collateral is impacted by market factors and is reduced by monthly principal pay-downs on the underlying mortgage pools. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac publish monthly security pay-down factors for their mortgage pools on the fifth day after month-end, but do not remit payment to security holders until generally the 25th day after month-end. Bi-lateral repo counterparties assess margin to account for the reduction in value of Agency collateral when factors are released. The FICC assesses margin on the last day of each month, prior to the factor release date, based on its internally projected pay-down rates (referred to as the "blackout period exposure adjustment" or "blackout margin"). On the factor release date, the blackout margin is released and collateralization requirements are adjusted to actual factor data. Due to the timing difference between associated margin calls and our receipt of principal pay-downs, our liquidity is temporarily reduced each month for principal repayments. We attempt to manage the liquidity risk associated with principal pay-downs by monitoring conditions impacting prepayment rates and through asset selection. As of March 31, 2022, 31% our portfolio consisted of TBA securities, which are not subject to monthly principal pay-downs. The remainder of our portfolio, primarily consisted of Agency RMBS, which had an average one-year CPR forecast of 7%. Collateral requirements under our derivative agreements are subject to our counterparties' assessment of their maximum risk of loss associated with the derivative instrument, referred to as the initial or minimum margin requirement, and may be adjusted based on changes in market volatility and other factors. We are also subject to daily variation margin requirements based on changes in the value of the derivative instrument and/or collateral pledged. Daily variation margin requirements also entitle us to receive collateral if the value of amounts owed to us under the derivative agreement exceeds the minimum margin requirement. The collateral requirements under our TBA contracts are governed by the Mortgage-Backed Securities Division ("MBSD") of the FICC and, if applicable, by third-party brokerage agreements, which may establish margin levels in excess of the MBSD. Collateral levels for interest rate derivative agreements are typically governed by the central clearing exchange and the associated futures commission merchants ("FCMs"), which may establish margin levels in excess of the clearing exchange. Collateral levels for interest rate derivative agreements not subject to central clearing are established by the counterparty financial institution. Haircut levels and minimum margin requirements imposed by our counterparties reduce the amount of our unencumbered assets and limit the amount we can borrow against our investment securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, haircuts remained stable. As of March 31, 2022, the weighted average haircut on our repurchase agreements was approximately 4.0% of the value of our collateral, compared to 3.8% as of December 31, December 31, 2021. To mitigate the risk of margins calls, we seek to maintain excess liquidity by holding unencumbered liquid assets that can be used to satisfy collateral requirements, collateralize additional borrowings or sold for cash. As of March 31, 2022, our unencumbered assets totaled 59% of our tangible equity, compared to 67% as of December 31, 2021. The majority of our liquidity is held at AGNC, but we also maintain capital and excess liquidity at Bethesda Securities to meet regulatory standards, satisfy counterparty and clearing organization expectations, and for risk management purposes. As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and unencumbered Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities totaling $3.5 billion, or 42% of our tangible equity, which excludes unencumbered CRT and non-Agency securities and assets held at Bethesda Securities, compared to $4.9 billion and 50%, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. 39 Counterparty Risk Collateral requirements imposed by counterparties subject us to the risk that the counterparty does not return pledged assets to us as and when required. We attempt to manage this risk by monitoring our collateral positions and limiting our counterparties to registered clearinghouses and major financial institutions with acceptable credit ratings. We also diversify our funding across multiple counterparties and by region. As of March 31, 2022, our maximum amount at risk (or the excess/shortfall of the value of collateral pledged/received over our repurchase agreement liabilities/reverse repurchase agreement receivables) with any of our repurchase agreement counterparties, excluding the FICC, was less than 2% of our tangible stockholders' equity, with our top five repo counterparties, excluding the FICC, representing approximately 5% of our tangible stockholders' equity. As of March 31, 2022, approximately 8% of our tangible stockholder's equity was at risk with the FICC. Excluding central clearing exchanges, as of March 31, 2022, our amount at risk with any counterparty to our derivative agreements was less than 1% of our stockholders' equity. Asset Sales Agency RMBS securities are among the most liquid fixed income securities, and the TBA market is the second most liquid market (after the U.S. Treasury market). The vitality of these markets enables us to sell assets under most market conditions to generate liquidity through direct sales or delivery into TBA contracts, subject to "good delivery" provisions promulgated by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association ("SIFMA"). Under certain market conditions, however, we may be unable to realize the full "pay-up" value of our specified pool securities, which is the incremental value in excess of equivalent coupon generic Agency RMBS. We attempt to manage this risk by maintaining at least a minimum level of securities that trade at or near TBA values that in our estimation enhances our portfolio liquidity across a wide range of market conditions. Capital Markets The equity capital markets serve as a source of capital to grow our business and to meet potential liquidity needs of our business. The availability of equity capital is dependent on market conditions and investor demand for our common and preferred stock. We will typically not issue common stock when the price of our common stock trades below our tangible net book value or issue preferred equity when its cost exceeds acceptable hurdle rates of return on our equity. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional equity capital at any particular time or on any particular terms. Furthermore, when the trading price of our common stock is less than our estimate of our current tangible net book value per common share, among other conditions, we may repurchase shares of our common stock. Please refer to Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further details regarding our recent equity capital transactions, if any. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS As of March 31, 2022, we did not maintain relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, or special purpose or variable interest entities, established to facilitate off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Additionally, as of March 31, 2022, we had not guaranteed obligations of unconsolidated entities or entered into a commitment or intent to provide funding to such entities. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical facts, including estimates, projections, beliefs, expectations concerning conditions, events, or the outlook for our business, strategy, performance, operations or the markets or industries in which we operate, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “see,” “intend,” “outlook,” “potential,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “likely” and other similar, correlative or comparable words and expressions. Forward looking statements are based on management’s assumptions, projections and beliefs as of the date of this Quarterly Report, but they involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements, as well as from historical performance. Factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following: • changes in U.S. monetary policy or interest rates, including actions taken by the Fed to normalize monetary policy, to terminate its purchases of Agency RMBS and to reduce the size of its U.S. Treasury and Agency RMBS bond portfolio; • fluctuations in the yield curve; 40 • fluctuations in mortgage prepayment rates on the loans underlying our Agency RMBS; • the availability and terms of financing; • changes in the market value of our assets, including from changes in net interest spreads, and changes in market liquidity or depth; • the effectiveness of our risk mitigation strategies; • conditions in the market for Agency RMBS and other mortgage securities; • the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and of measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by various governmental authorities, businesses and other third parties; • actions by the federal, state, or local governments to stabilize the economy, the housing sector or financial markets; • legislative or regulatory changes that affect our status as a REIT, our exemption from the Investment Company Act of 1940 or the mortgage markets in which we participate; and • other risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and we do not assume any duty and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. A further discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from any of our forward-looking statements is included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and this document under Item 1A. Risk Factors . We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.