TREDEGAR CORP 10-K

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures In connection with the preparation of this Form 10-K, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company carried out an evaluation with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2024. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024 , the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2024 , the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 . Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION Director and Officer Trading Arrangements During the three months ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS None. 31 PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information concerning directors and persons nominated to become directors of Tredegar to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Proposal 1: Election of Directors” and “Tredegar’s Board of Directors” is incorporated herein by reference. The information concerning corporate governance to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Board Meetings, Meetings of Independent Directors and Board Committees” and “Corporate Governance and Risk Oversight” is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names, ages and titles of the Company’s executive officers: Name Age Title John M. Steitz 66 President and Chief Executive Officer D. Andrew Edwards 66 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Kevin C. Donnelly 50 Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary John M. Steitz. Mr. Steitz was elected President and Chief Executive Officer effective March 19, 2019. He previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Addivant Corporation, a leading global supplier of antioxidants, intermediates, inhibitors, modifiers, UV stabilizers and other additives to the plastic and rubber industries, from March 2015 until January 2019, as President and Chief Operating Officer of PQ Corporation, a leading worldwide producer of specialty inorganic performance chemicals and catalysts, from October 2013 until March 2015, as President and Chief Executive Officer of Avantor Performance Materials, a global supplier of ultra-high-purity life sciences materials with strict regulatory and performance specifications, from September 2012 through September 2013, as President and Chief Operating Officer of Albemarle Corporation, a global specialty chemicals company, from March 2012 through August 2012, and as Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President of Albemarle from April 2007 until March 2012. D. Andrew Edwards. Mr. Edwards was named Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer effective August 6, 2020. Mr. Edwards served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from July 20, 2015 until August 2020. He previously served as the Chief Financial Officer of United Sporting Companies, Inc., a wholesale distributor of outdoor sporting goods, from February 2013 until July 2015 and as Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer of Owens & Minor, Inc., a distributor of acute medical products, from April 2010 to February 2013 and as Acting Chief Financial Officer of Owens & Minor, Inc. from March 2012 to February 2013. Mr. Edwards also served as Vice President, Finance, of Owens & Minor, Inc. from December 2009 until April 2010. Mr. Edwards previously served as the Company’s Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from August 2003 to December 2009 and as the Company’s Vice President, Finance from November 1998 to August 2003. Mr. Edwards also served as the Company’s Treasurer from May 1997 to December 2009 and as the Company’s Controller from October 1992 until July 2000. Kevin C. Donnelly . Mr. Donnelly was elected Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary effective January 1, 2025. He joined Tredegar in 2010 as Assistant General Counsel. He was promoted to Associate General Counsel in 2013, and he served in that capacity until 2021, when he became Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Prior to joining Tredegar, Mr. Donnelly was an associate at Hunton & Williams LLP (now Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP). He received a B.A. degree from the University of Richmond and a J.D. from the University of Virginia. Tredegar has a Code of Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers and employees (including its chief executive officer, chief financial officer and principal accounting officer) and has posted the Code of Conduct on its website. All amendments to or waivers from any provision of the Company’s Code of Conduct applicable to the chief executive officer, chief financial officer or principal accounting officer or persons performing similar functions will be disclosed on the Company’s website. The Company’s internet address is www.tredegar.com . Tredegar has an insider trading policy governing the purchase, sale and other dispositions of Tredegar’s securities that applies to all personnel of Tredegar and its subsidiaries, including directors, officers and employees and other covered persons. Tredegar believes that its insider trading policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, as well as applicable listing standards. A copy of Tredegar’s insider trading policy is filed as Exhibit 19 to this Form 10-K. In addition, with regard Tredegar’s trading in its own securities, it is Tredegar’s policy to comply with the federal securities laws and the applicable listing standards. 32 Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Compensation of Directors,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation Committee Report” and “Compensation of Executive Officers” is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Stock Ownership” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” “Tredegar’s Board of Directors” and “Board Meetings, Meetings of Independent Directors and Board Committees” is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP , Richmond, Virginia , Audit Firm ID: 185 . The following is incorporated herein by reference: • Information on accounting fees and services to be included in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Audit and Non-Audit Fees;” and • Information on the Audit Committee’s procedures for pre-approving certain audit and non-audit services to be included in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Audit and Non-Audit Fees.” 33 PART IV Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) List of documents filed as a part of the report: (1) Financial statements: Tredegar Corporation Index to Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Page Auditors’ Opinions: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 35 Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 37 Financial Statements: Consolidated Balance Sheets 38 Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) 39 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 40 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 41 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity 42 Notes to Financial Statements 43 (2) Financial statement schedules: None (3) Exhibit Index 72 34 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and Board of Directors Tredegar Corporation: Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tredegar Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and shareholders’ equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 12, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Sufficiency of audit evidence over sales As discussed in Notes 1 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded approximately $598,025 thousand of sales during the year ended December 31, 2024. Sales are recognized by the sale of finished products to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product is transferred to customers, along with the title, risk of loss and rewards of ownership. Depending on the arrangement with the customer, these criteria are met either at the time the product is shipped or when the product is made available or delivered to the destination specified in the agreement with the customer. The processing and recording of sales is decentralized across multiple locations and is reliant on multiple information technology (IT) systems. We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over sales as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgment was required to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over the Company’s locations because of the number of IT applications, the decentralized nature of the sales generating activities, and the need to involve IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge. 35 The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over sales, including determining the locations at which those procedures were to be performed. For each location where procedures were performed, we evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s revenue recognition processes, including the controls over the accurate recording of revenue transactions. We involved IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in testing certain general IT controls and application controls, including IT system-generated reports used by the Company in its revenue recognition processes. At certain locations, we selected a sample of transactions and compared the amounts recognized to relevant cash receipts as well as underlying documentation such as contracts, purchase orders, shipping documents, or other third-party evidence. At certain locations, we performed software-assisted data analysis to test relationships among certain revenue transactions. At the locations we performed software-assisted data analysis, we also tested certain transactions and compared the amounts recognized by the Company to relevant cash receipts as well as underlying documentation such as contracts, purchase orders, shipping documents, or other third-party evidence. We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed, including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of such evidence. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018. Richmond, Virginia March 12, 2025 36 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and Board of Directors Tredegar Corporation: Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited Tredegar Corporation and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and shareholders’ equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated March 12, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ KPMG LLP Richmond, Virginia March 12, 2025 37 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries December 31 2024 2023 (In thousands, except share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,062 $ 9,660 Restricted cash — 3,391 Accounts and other receivables, net 64,817 55,615 Income taxes recoverable — 1,182 Inventories 51,381 49,654 Prepaid expenses and other 16,567 8,817 Current assets of discontinued operations — 48,358 Total current assets 139,827 176,677 Property, plant and equipment, at cost: Land and land improvements 4,740 4,740 Buildings 67,871 65,465 Machinery and equipment 426,815 426,097 Total property, plant and equipment 499,426 496,302 Less: accumulated depreciation ( 362,394 ) ( 345,145 ) Net property, plant and equipment 137,032 151,157 Right-of-use leased assets 14,635 11,100 Identifiable intangible assets, net 7,326 9,105 Goodwill 22,446 35,717 Deferred income tax assets 32,517 23,155 Other assets 2,448 3,442 Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations 126 36,108 Total assets $ 356,357 $ 446,461 Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 64,704 $ 69,328 Accrued expenses 22,168 18,606 Lease liability, short-term 2,453 1,903 Short-term debt 1,322 — ABL revolving facility — 126,322 Income taxes payable 320 183 Current liabilities of discontinued operations 741 32,762 Total current liabilities 91,708 249,104 Lease liability, long-term 12,993 10,396 ABL revolving facility 60,600 — Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, net 5,914 6,643 Deferred income tax liabilities 69 — Other non-current liabilities 4,105 3,862 Noncurrent liabilities of discontinued operations — 20,803 Total liabilities 175,389 290,808 Contingencies (Note 15) Shareholders’ equity: Common stock, no par value (authorized 150,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding— 34,661,272 shares at December 31, 2024 and 34,408,638 at December 31, 2023) 63,590 61,606 Common stock held in trust for savings restoration plan ( 118,543 shares at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023) ( 2,233 ) ( 2,233 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustment 5,105 ( 83,037 ) Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments 268 801 Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments 826 539 Retained earnings 113,412 177,977 Total shareholders’ equity 180,968 155,653 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 356,357 $ 446,461 See accompanying notes to financial statements. 38 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries Years Ended December 31 2024 2023 2022 (In thousands, except share data) Revenues and other: Sales $ 598,025 $ 573,323 $ 761,985 Other income (expense), net ( 952 ) ( 2,149 ) 1,060 597,073 571,174 763,045 Costs and expenses: Cost of goods sold 480,958 480,440 630,549 Freight 21,011 21,757 26,542 Selling, general and administrative 72,970 65,388 69,611 Research and development 711 2,894 5,323 Amortization of identifiable intangibles 1,778 1,758 2,124 Pension and postretirement benefits 217 10,844 14,569 Interest expense 4,664 6,316 4,141 Asset impairments and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, net of adjustments 613 5,060 622 Pension settlement loss — 92,291 — Goodwill impairment 13,271 34,891 — Total 596,193 721,639 753,481 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 880 ( 150,465 ) 9,564 Income tax expense (benefit) ( 165 ) ( 51,300 ) ( 3,021 ) Net income (loss) from continuing operations 1,045 ( 99,165 ) 12,585 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax ( 65,610 ) ( 6,740 ) 15,870 Net income (loss) $ ( 64,565 ) $ ( 105,905 ) $ 28,455 Earnings (loss) per share: Basic Continuing operations $ 0.03 $ ( 2.91 ) $ 0.37 Discontinued operations ( 1.91 ) ( 0.19 ) 0.47 Basic earnings (loss) per share $ ( 1.88 ) $ ( 3.10 ) $ 0.84 Diluted Continuing operations $ 0.03 $ ( 2.91 ) $ 0.37 Discontinued operations ( 1.91 ) ( 0.19 ) 0.47 Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ ( 1.88 ) $ ( 3.10 ) $ 0.84 Shares used to compute earnings (loss) per share: Basic 34,346 34,133 33,806 Diluted 34,346 34,133 33,826 See accompanying notes to financial statements. 39 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries Years Ended December 31 2024 2023 2022 (In thousands) Net income (loss) $ ( 64,565 ) $ ( 105,905 ) $ 28,455 Other comprehensive income (loss): Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment ($ 0 tax in 2024, net of tax expense of $ 469 in 2023 and net of tax expense of $ 290 in 2022) ( 295 ) 3,042 ( 287 ) Reclassification of foreign currency translation loss realized on the sale of Terphane (net of tax expense $ 601 ) 88,437 — — Derivative financial instruments adjustment (net of tax expense of $ 85 in 2024, net of tax expense of $ 933 in 2023 and net of tax benefit of $ 336 in 2022) 755 3,281 ( 3,381 ) Reclassification of derivative financial instruments loss realized on the sale of Terphane (net of tax benefit $ 1,209 ) ( 1,288 ) — — Pension & other postretirement benefit adjustments: Recognition in earnings of actuarial loss for pension settlement (net of tax expense of $ 41,294 ) — 50,997 — Net gains (losses) and prior service costs (net of tax expense of $ 109 in 2024, net of tax expense of $ 422 in 2023 and net of tax benefit of $ 1,400 in 2022) 397 1,513 ( 5,064 ) Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses (net of tax benefit of $ 31 in 2024, net of tax expense of $ 1,968 in 2023 and net of tax expense of $ 2,965 in 2022) ( 110 ) 7,065 10,641 Other comprehensive income (loss) 87,896 65,898 1,909 Comprehensive income (loss) $ 23,331 $ ( 40,007 ) $ 30,364 See accompanying notes to financial statements. 40 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries Years Ended December 31 2024 2023 2022 (In thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) $ ( 64,565 ) $ ( 105,905 ) $ 28,455 Adjustments for noncash items: Depreciation 23,681 25,786 23,882 Amortization of identifiable intangibles 1,856 1,897 2,520 Goodwill impairment 13,271 34,891 — Reduction of right-of-use lease asset 2,259 2,220 2,098 Deferred income taxes ( 8,202 ) ( 56,098 ) 544 Accrued pension and postretirement benefits 217 10,844 14,602 Pension settlement loss — 92,291 — Stock-based compensation expense 2,498 1,978 3,619 Gain on investment in kaléo ( 144 ) ( 262 ) ( 1,406 ) Loss on sale of divested business 74,877 — — Impairment of Richmond, Virginia Technical Center assets — 3,454 — Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts and other receivables ( 14,785 ) 17,400 18,569 Inventories ( 6,911 ) 47,607 ( 37,771 ) Income taxes recoverable/payable 137 ( 406 ) ( 6,423 ) Prepaid expenses and other ( 7,174 ) 1,204 ( 2,526 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses 10,009 ( 25,165 ) ( 14,916 ) Lease liability ( 2,749 ) ( 2,299 ) ( 2,301 ) Pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions ( 587 ) ( 28,269 ) ( 50,660 ) Other, net 1,820 2,827 870 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 25,508 23,995 ( 20,844 ) Cash flows from investing activities: Capital expenditures ( 14,347 ) ( 26,446 ) ( 36,875 ) Proceeds from the sale of kaléo 144 262 1,406 Net proceeds on sale of divested business (net of $ 20 million debt principal assumed by buyer) 54,631 — — Proceeds from the sale of assets 83 — 10 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 40,511 ( 26,184 ) ( 35,459 ) Cash flows from financing activities: Borrowings 615,201 116,134 313,500 Debt principal payments ( 679,590 ) ( 107,713 ) ( 249,500 ) Dividends paid — ( 8,884 ) ( 16,974 ) Debt financing costs ( 587 ) ( 4,021 ) ( 1,245 ) Other — — ( 396 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities: ( 64,976 ) ( 4,484 ) 45,385 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ( 7,436 ) 896 ( 371 ) Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ( 6,393 ) ( 5,777 ) ( 11,289 ) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 13,455 19,232 30,521 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 7,062 $ 13,455 $ 19,232 Supplemental cash flow information: Interest payments $ 13,524 $ 10,499 $ 4,423 Income tax payments, net $ 12,228 $ 2,282 $ 10,814 See accompanying notes to financial statements. 41 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries Common Stock Retained Earnings Trust for Savings Restoration Plan Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Shareholders’ Equity (In thousands, except share and per-share data) Shares Amount Balance at January 1, 2022 33,736,629 $ 55,174 $ 281,187 $ ( 2,135 ) $ ( 149,504 ) $ 184,722 Net income (loss) — — 28,455 — — 28,455 Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — ( 287 ) ( 287 ) Derivative financial instruments adjustment — — — — ( 3,381 ) ( 3,381 ) Net gains or (losses) and prior service costs — — — — ( 5,064 ) ( 5,064 ) Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses — — — — 10,641 10,641 Cash dividends declared ($ 0.50 per share) — — ( 16,974 ) — — ( 16,974 ) Stock-based compensation expense 294,764 4,046 — — — 4,046 Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings ( 30,751 ) ( 396 ) — — — ( 396 ) Tredegar common stock purchased by trust for savings restoration plan — — 53 ( 53 ) — — Balance at December 31, 2022 34,000,642 58,824 292,721 ( 2,188 ) ( 147,595 ) 201,762 Net income (loss) — — ( 105,905 ) — — ( 105,905 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — 3,042 3,042 Derivative financial instruments adjustment — — — — 3,281 3,281 Net gains or (losses) and prior service costs — — — — 1,513 1,513 Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses — — — — 7,065 7,065 Recognition in earnings of net actuarial loss for pension settlement — — — — 50,997 50,997 Cash dividends declared ($ 0.26 per share) — — ( 8,884 ) — — ( 8,884 ) Stock-based compensation expense 407,996 3,036 — — — 3,036 Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings — ( 254 ) — — — ( 254 ) Tredegar common stock purchased by trust for savings restoration plan — — 45 ( 45 ) — — Balance at December 31, 2023 34,408,638 61,606 177,977 ( 2,233 ) ( 81,697 ) 155,653 Net income (loss) — — ( 64,565 ) — — ( 64,565 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — ( 295 ) ( 295 ) Foreign currency translation loss realized on the sale of Terphane 88,437 88,437 Derivative financial instruments adjustment — — — — 755 755 Derivative financial instruments loss realized on the sale of Terphane ( 1,288 ) ( 1,288 ) Net gains or (losses) and prior service costs — — — — 397 397 Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses — — — — ( 110 ) ( 110 ) Stock-based compensation expense 252,634 2,211 — — — 2,211 Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings — ( 227 ) — — — ( 227 ) Balance at December 31, 2024 34,661,272 $ 63,590 $ 113,412 $ ( 2,233 ) $ 6,199 $ 180,968 See accompanying notes to financial statements. 42 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations. Tredegar Corporation and subsidiaries (collectively “Tredegar,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is an industrial manufacturer with two primary businesses: custom aluminum extrusions for the North American building & construction, automotive and specialty end-use markets; and surface protection films for high-technology applications in the global electronics industry and polyethylene overwrap films used for bathroom tissue and paper towels. The Company’s business segments are Aluminum Extrusions (also referred to as Bonnell Aluminum) and PE Films. More information on the Company’s business segments is provided in Note 12. On November 1, 2024, the Company completed the sale of its flexible packaging films business (also referred to as “Terphane”) headquartered in Brazil to Oben Group (“Oben”). Commencing in the fourth quarter of 2024, all historical results for Terphane have been presented as discontinued operations. For more information on this transaction, see Note 16. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts for the prior years have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. Fiscal Year End. The Company operates on a calendar fiscal year except for the Aluminum Extrusions segment, which operates on a 52/53-week fiscal year basis. References to Aluminum Extrusions for 2024, 2023 and 2022 relate to the 52-week fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, 53-week fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and 52-week fiscal year ended December 25, 2022, respectively. The Company does not believe the impact of reporting the results of this segment in this manner is material to the consolidated financial results. The Company may fund or receive cash from the Aluminum Extrusions segment based on Aluminum Extrusion’s cash flows from operations during the intervening period from Aluminum Extrusion’s fiscal year end to the Company’s calendar year end. As a result, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents declined by $ 3.6 million as of December 31, 2024 since the Company made payments to the Aluminum Extrusions segment to fund its working capital during the intervening period. Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities (if any). On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to provisions for transaction and credit losses, income taxes, pension, and the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, among others. Tredegar bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions which the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency Translation. The financial statements of subsidiaries located outside the U.S., where the local currency is the functional currency, are translated into U.S. Dollars using exchange rates in effect at the period end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Adjustments resulting from the translation of these financial statements are reflected as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. There are no operating subsidiaries located outside the U.S. where the U.S. Dollar is the functional currency. Transaction and remeasurement gains or losses included in income were losses of $ 0.3 million, $ 0.2 million and $ 0.8 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted cash. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consist of cash on hand in excess of daily operating requirements and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, Tredegar had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $ 7.1 million and $ 13.1 million, respectively, including funds held in locations outside the U.S. of $ 1.6 million and $ 0.8 million, respectively. The Company’s policy permits investment of excess cash in marketable securities that have the highest credit ratings and maturities of less than one year. The primary objectives of the policy are safety of principal and liquidity. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows: December 31, December 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,062 $ 9,660 Restricted cash — 3,391 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 7,062 $ 13,051 43 Restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 consists of $ 3.4 million of receipts that have not yet been applied to the ABL Facility (defined below). See Note 7 for additional information. Accounts and Other Receivables, net. Accounts receivables are stated at the amount invoiced to customers less allowances for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivables are non-interest bearing and arise from the sale of products to customers under typical industry trade terms. Notes receivables are immaterial. Past due amounts are determined based on established terms and charged-off when deemed uncollectible. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based on an assessment of probable losses taking into account past due amounts, customer credit profile, historical experience and current economic conditions. For receivables that do not have a specific allowance, the loss rate is computed by segment to apply to the remaining receivables balance, using each segment’s historic loss rate. Other receivables include value-added taxes related to certain foreign subsidiaries and other miscellaneous receivables due within one year. For certain customers, the Company has arrangements in place with financial institutions whereby certain customer receivables are sold to the financial institution at a discount and without recourse. Upon sale, the associated receivable is unrecognized, and the discount is recognized. For more information on accounts and other receivables, net, see Note 2. Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the last in, first out (“LIFO”) method, the weighted average cost or the first in, first out (“FIFO”) method. Cost elements included in work-in-process and finished goods inventories are raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Finished goods, work-in-process, raw materials and supplies, stores and other inventory are reviewed to determine if inventory quantities are in excess of forecasted usage or if they have become obsolete. Property, Plant and Equipment. Accounts include costs of assets constructed or purchased, related delivery and installation costs and interest incurred on significant capital projects during their construction periods. Expenditures for renewals and betterments also are capitalized, but expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation applicable to assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and gains or losses thereon are included in income. Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment include capitalized interest. Capitalized interest included in capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment was immaterial. Depreciation is computed primarily by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets that generally range from 5 to 40 years for buildings and land improvements and 2 to 20 years for machinery and equipment. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangibles. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of acquired companies is allocated to goodwill. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, or, at a minimum, on an annual basis (December 1st of each year). When assessing goodwill for impairment, accounting guidance allows the Company to first perform a qualitative assessment (“Step 0 analysis”), which evaluates certain qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company and reporting unit factors. If the Company's Step 0 analysis indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company would perform a quantitative impairment test (“Step 1 analysis”). Domestic producers of aluminum extrusions in the U.S. continue to experience adverse conditions associated with economic uncertainty, including persistently high interest rates, tight lending standards and inflationary pressures, which negatively impact the non-residential B&C end-use market. These pandemic-related disruptions, which resulted in long lead times and a decline in industry capacity utilization, caused pricing pressure in the aluminum extrusions end-use markets. An influx of foreign imports at less-than-fair value pricing has also adversely impacted domestic producers. During 2024, customers of the Aluminum Extrusions’ Clearfield, Utah operation ("Clearfield") acquired as “Futura” in February 2017 continued to seek supply from other sources to meet their demand, including imports. However, in 2024, Clearfield continued to experience a resurgence in customer volumes that had declined due to the pandemic, albeit not at the speed and profit level that was previously projected. The recovery has been slower than previously anticipated, and is not trending back to previous Company expectations to replicate the EBITDA and net cash flow generation that existed prior to the pandemic-related disruptions and influx of imports. As a consequence, the Company performed a goodwill impairment analysis during the fourth quarter of 2024 using Clearfield projections that assume the continuation of lower margin business. Since the estimated fair value of Clearfield fell below its carrying value by more than the amount of goodwill, the Company recognized a non-cash write-off of goodwill of $ 13.3 million ($ 10.4 million after deferred income tax benefits) associated with Clearfield. The Company estimated the fair value of Clearfield by: (i) computing an estimated enterprise value (“EV”) utilizing the discounted cash flow method (the “DCF Method”), and (ii) adding cash and cash equivalents. Key financial assumptions utilized to determine the fair value of the reporting unit include sales volume and sales price growth projections. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s remaining goodwill of $ 22.4 million was included in the Surface Protection reporting unit. 44 During 2023, uncertainty about the timing of a recovery in the consumer electronics market persisted, and manufacturers in the supply chain for consumer electronics continued to experience reduced capacity utilization and inventory corrections. In light of the limited visibility on the timing of a recovery and the expected adverse future impact to the Surface Protection business, coupled with a cautious outlook on new product development opportunities, the Company performed a Step 1 goodwill impairment analysis, as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023, of the Surface Protection component of PE Films. The analyses concluded that the fair value of Surface Protection was less than its carrying value, thus a non-cash partial goodwill impairment of $ 34.9 million ($ 27.0 million after deferred income tax benefits) was recognized during 2023. The Company estimated the fair value of Surface Protection by: (i) computing an estimated EV utilizing the DCF Method, (ii) applying adjustments for any surplus or deficient working capital, (iii) adding cash and cash equivalents, and (iv) subtracting interest-bearing debt. The DCF Method was used, incorporating Surface Protection’s latest projections, which reflect updated expected market recovery levels, feasibility of launching new product applications, competitive pricing and cash flows associated with production efficiencies, as well as consideration of cost savings and inventory corrections. For more information on goodwill and identifiable intangibles, see Note 5. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews long-lived assets for possible impairment when events indicate that an impairment may exist. For assets that are held and used in operations, if events indicate that an asset may be impaired, the Company estimates the future unlevered pre-tax cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Assets are grouped for this purpose at the lowest level for which there are identifiable and independent cash flows. If the sum of these undiscounted pre-tax cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss is calculated. Measurement of the impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset group. Assets that are held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell, with an impairment loss recognized for any write-down required. In the fourth quarter of 2024, due to the same factors discussed above, the Aluminum Extrusions’ Clearfield reporting unit, which is also an asset group, required the Company to perform a recoverability test of its long-lived identifiable assets using the same projections used in the DCF Method by comparing the undiscounted future cash flows to the net carrying value of the asset group. As the undiscounted cash flows of the Clearfield asset group was greater than the carrying amount as of December 31, 2024, no long-lived impairment loss was recognized in 2024. As of December 31, 2024, no other events were identified that indicated long-lived assets may be impaired. In August 2023, the Company adopted a plan to close the PE Films technical center in Richmond, VA and reduce its efforts to develop and sell films supporting the semiconductor market. Research & development activities for PE Films are now being performed at the production facility in Pottsville, PA. PE Films continues to have new business opportunities primarily relating to surface protection films that protect components of flat panel and flexible displays. All activities ceased at the PE Films technical center in Richmond, VA as of the end of the first quarter of 2024. During 2023 the Company recognized a non-cash asset impairment of $3.5 million for Richmond Technical Center assets which went held for sale in the third quarter of 2023. Pension Costs and Postretirement Benefit Costs Other than Pensions. Pension costs and postretirement benefit costs other than pensions have been accrued over the period employees provided service to Tredegar. Liabilities and expenses for pension plans and other postretirement benefits are determined using actuarial methodologies and incorporate significant assumptions, including the rate used to discount the future estimated liability, the long-term rate of return on plan assets, and several assumptions relating to the employee workforce. The Company recognizes the funded status of its pension and other postretirement plans in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Tredegar’s policy has been to fund its pension plans at amounts not less than the minimum requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) of 1974 and to fund postretirement benefits other than pensions when claims are incurred. In February 2022, Tredegar announced the initiation of a process to terminate and settle its frozen defined benefit pension plan through lump sum distributions and the purchase of annuity contracts. On November 3, 2023, the pension plan termination and settlement process for the Company was completed. For more information, see Note 8. Revenue Recognition. The Company’s revenue is primarily generated from the sale of finished products to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product is transferred to customers, along with the title, risk of loss and rewards of ownership. Depending on the arrangement with the customer, these criteria are met either at the time the product is shipped or when the product is made available or delivered to the destination specified in the agreement with the customer. Sales revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for that finished product. The Company offers various discounts, rebates and allowances to customers, (collectively, “allowances”), all of which are considered when determining the transaction price. Certain allowances are fixed and 45 determinable at the time of sale and are recorded at the time of sale as a reduction to revenues. Other allowances can vary depending on future outcomes such as sales returns and customer sales volume, thus representing variable consideration. Amounts billed to customers related to freight are classified as sales revenue and the cost of freight is classified as a separate line in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between Tredegar and its customers (such as value-added taxes) are accounted for on a net basis and therefore excluded from revenues. See Note 12 for disaggregation of revenue by segment and type. Revenue expected to be recognized in any future period related to remaining performance obligations, excluding (i) revenue pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, (ii) contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced and (iii) variable consideration related to unsatisfied performance obligations, is not expected to materially impact the Company’s financial results. Research and Development (“R&D”) Costs. R&D costs are expensed as incurred and include primarily salaries, wages, employee benefits, equipment depreciation, facility costs and the cost of materials consumed relating to R&D efforts. R&D costs include a reasonable allocation of indirect costs. Leases. At inception, the Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. The Company has elected to not record short-term leases with an original lease term of one year or less in the consolidated balance sheet. To the extent such leases contain renewal options that the Company intends to exercise, the related Right-of-Use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability are included in the consolidated balance sheet. Some of the Company’s lease arrangements contain lease components (e.g., minimum rent payments) and non-lease components (e.g., maintenance, labor charges, etc.). The Company generally accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include rental payments that are adjusted periodically for an index or rate. The leases are initially measured using the projected payments adjusted for the index or rate in effect at the commencement date. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating leases are included in “Right-of-use lease assets”, “Lease liabilities - short-term” and “Lease liabilities - long-term” on the consolidated balance sheets. These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term using the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rates, adjusted for term and geographic location using country-based swap rates. As a result of the Company’s review of new and existing lease contracts, there were no instances where the Company could readily determine a rate implicit in the lease. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Depending upon the specific use of the ROU asset, lease expense is included in the “Cost of goods sold”, “Freight”, “Selling, general and administrative”, and “Research and development” line items on the consolidated statements of income. Lease income is not material to the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Additional disclosure regarding Tredegar’s leases is included in Note 4. Income Taxes. Income taxes are recognized during the period in which transactions enter into the determination of income for financial reporting purposes, with deferred income taxes being provided at enacted statutory tax rates on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities (see Note 11). Tredegar’s policy is to accrue U.S. federal income taxes to the extent required under GAAP on unremitted earnings of all foreign subsidiaries where required. However, Tredegar only records U.S. federal income taxes on unremitted earnings of its foreign subsidiaries where Tredegar cannot take steps to eliminate any potential tax on future distributions from its foreign subsidiaries. A valuation allowance is recorded in the period when the Company determines that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred income tax assets may not be realized. The establishment and removal of a valuation allowance requires the Company to consider all positive and negative evidence and make a judgmental decision regarding the amount of valuation allowance required as of a reporting date. The benefit of an uncertain tax position is included in the accompanying financial statements when the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained, based on the technical merits of the position, if the taxing authority examines the position and the dispute is litigated. This determination is made on the basis of all the facts, circumstances and information available as of the reporting date. Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average common and potentially dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding, determined as follows: 46 2024 2023 2022 Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per share 34,346,242 34,133,078 33,805,530 Incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock — — 20,900 Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share 34,346,242 34,133,078 33,826,430 Incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock are computed under the treasury stock method using the average market price during the related period. The average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock were 2,497,008 for the years ended December 31, 2024. The Company had a net loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, so there is no dilutive impact for such shares. If the Company had reported net income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock would have been 2,925,091 . The average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock were 2,760,983 for the years ended December 31, 2022. Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans. The cost of all share-based payments is recognized using the calculated fair value at the grant date, or the date of any later modification, over the requisite service period under the graded-vesting method. See Note 10 for additional information. Financial Instruments. Tredegar uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of hedging aluminum price volatility. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges and are recognized in the accompanying balance sheet at fair value. A change in the fair value of the derivative that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge is recorded in other comprehensive income. Gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to earnings in the periods in which earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows of the hedged transaction. Such gains and losses are reported in the same line as the underlying hedged item, and the cash flows related to financial instruments are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows in a manner consistent with those of the transactions being hedged. The Company’s policy requires that it formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Company also uses regression analysis, unless the hedge qualifies for other methods of assessing effectiveness, to formally assess (both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis) whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of hedged items and whether those derivatives may be expected to remain highly effective in future periods. When it is determined that a derivative is not (or has ceased to be) highly effective as a hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. As a policy, Tredegar does not engage in speculative or leveraged transactions, nor does it hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. Additional disclosure of the utilization of derivative hedging instruments is included in Note 9. Comprehensive Income (Loss). Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as net income or loss as adjusted by other comprehensive income or loss items. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in foreign currency translation adjustments; realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative financial instruments; prior service costs and net gains or losses from pension and other postretirement benefit plans arising during the period; and amortization of these prior service costs and net gain or loss adjustments; and during the period, realized net actuarial loss for pension settlement all recorded net of deferred income taxes. 47 The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component are summarized as follows: (In thousands) Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments Pension & Other Postretirement Benefit Adjust Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance at January 1, 2022 $ ( 85,792 ) $ 901 $ ( 64,613 ) $ ( 149,504 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 3 ( 1,256 ) ( 6,464 ) ( 7,717 ) Income tax (expense) benefit ( 290 ) ( 374 ) 1,400 736 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ( 287 ) ( 1,630 ) ( 5,064 ) ( 6,981 ) Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss) — ( 2,461 ) 13,606 11,145 Income tax (expense) benefit — 710 ( 2,965 ) ( 2,255 ) Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax — ( 1,751 ) 10,641 8,890 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ( 287 ) ( 3,381 ) 5,577 1,909 Balance at December 31, 2022 ( 86,079 ) ( 2,480 ) ( 59,036 ) ( 147,595 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 3,511 11,794 1,935 17,240 Income tax (expense) benefit ( 469 ) ( 2,977 ) ( 422 ) ( 3,868 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 3,042 8,817 1,513 13,372 Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss) — ( 7,580 ) 101,323 93,743 Income tax (expense) benefit — 2,044 ( 43,261 ) ( 41,217 ) Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax — ( 5,536 ) 58,062 52,526 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 3,042 3,281 59,575 65,898 Balance at December 31, 2023 ( 83,037 ) 801 539 ( 81,697 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) ( 295 ) 240 506 451 Income tax (expense) benefit — ( 72 ) ( 109 ) ( 181 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ( 295 ) 168 397 270 Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss) 89,038 ( 1,881 ) ( 141 ) 87,016 Income tax (expense) benefit ( 601 ) 1,180 31 610 Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax 88,437 ( 701 ) ( 110 ) 87,626 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 88,142 ( 533 ) 287 87,896 Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 5,105 $ 268 $ 826 $ 6,199 The amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to pension and other postretirement benefits are included in the computation of net periodic pension costs, see Note 8 for additional details. The amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to foreign currency translation and derivative financial instruments are included in discontinued operations, see Note 16 for additional details. 48 Recently Issued Accounting Standards. New accounting pronouncements adopted in 2024: In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 to improve reportable segment disclosure and requirements, primarily through the enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 expands public entities’ segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. All disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-07 are required for entities with a single reportable segment. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim period beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU are to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted this ASU in fourth quarter of 2024. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accounting standards not yet adopted: In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 to amend various paragraphs in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) to primarily reflect the issuance of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Bulletin No. 33-10532. ASU 2023-06 will impact various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, accounting changes and error corrections, earnings per share, debt, equity, derivatives, and transfers of financial assets. The amendments in this ASU 2023-06 will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC and will no longer be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company does not expect a material impact from the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to improve the income tax disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information and to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this ASU will require the Company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require the Company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 to improve the disclosures about public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this ASU will require the Company to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 2. ACCOUNTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, accounts receivable and other receivables, net, include the following: (In thousands) 2024 2023 Customer receivables $ 64,094 $ 55,576 Other receivables 952 1,201 Total accounts and other receivables 65,046 56,777 Less: Allowance for bad debts ( 229 ) ( 1,162 ) Total accounts and other receivables, net $ 64,817 $ 55,615 A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three years ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of year $ 1,162 $ 2,068 $ 1,142 Charges to expense 145 407 1,032 Recoveries — — 12 Write-offs and settlements ( 1,078 ) ( 1,313 ) ( 118 ) Balance, end of year $ 229 $ 1,162 $ 2,068 49 3. INVENTORIES Inventories consist of the following: (In thousands) 2024 2023 Finished goods $ 15,051 $ 15,770 Work-in-process 2,986 2,082 Raw materials 12,158 13,457 Stores, supplies and other 21,186 18,345 Total $ 51,381 $ 49,654 Inventories stated on the LIFO basis amounted to $ 6.7 million at December 31, 2024 and $ 7.2 million at December 31, 2023, which were below replacement costs by $ 13.8 million at December 31, 2024 and $ 13.2 million at December 31, 2023. Inventories stated on the weighted average cost basis were $ 14.3 million and $ 12.9 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, while inventories stated on the FIFO method amounted to $ 30.4 million and $ 29.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respective ly. 4. LEASES Tredegar has various operating lease agreements with remaining terms up to 19 years, including leases of real estate, office equipment and vehicles. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no finance lease agreements. Some leases include options to purchase the leased asset, terminate the agreement or extend the term of the agreement for one or more years. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s operating leases as of December 31, 2024: (In thousands) Future Lease Payments 2025 $ 3,121 2026 2,717 2027 2,316 2028 2,182 2029 2,205 Thereafter 5,704 Total undiscounted operating lease payments 18,245 Less: Imputed interest 2,799 Present value of operating lease liabilities $ 15,446 The following table summarizes lease costs, related cash flow and other information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. These costs are primarily related to long-term operating leases but also include amounts for variable leases and short-term leases. (In thousands) 2024 2023 Operating lease expense $ 4,350 $ 2,780 Other Information: Weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases 10 years 7 years Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases 4.77 % 4.28 % 50 5. GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS A reconciliation of goodwill at December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows: (In thousands) Aluminum Extrusions (a) PE Films (a) Total Net carrying value of goodwill at December 31, 2022 $ 13,271 $ 57,337 $ 70,608 Goodwill impairment — ( 34,891 ) ( 34,891 ) Net carrying value of goodwill at December 31, 2023 13,271 22,446 35,717 Goodwill impairment ( 13,271 ) — ( 13,271 ) Net carrying value of goodwill at December 31, 2024 $ — $ 22,446 $ 22,446 (a) The goodwill of Aluminum Extrusions and PE Films is carried by the Clearfield and Surface Protection reporting units, respectively. A reconciliation of identifiable intangibles at December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows: (In thousands) Customer Relationships Proprietary Technology Trade Names Total Gross carrying value at December 31, 2023 $ 25,900 $ 3,400 $ 11,500 $ 40,800 Accumulated amortization ( 16,795 ) ( 3,400 ) ( 11,500 ) ( 31,695 ) Net carrying value at December 31, 2023 $ 9,105 $ — $ — $ 9,105 Gross carrying value at December 31, 2024 $ 25,900 $ — $ 6,700 $ 32,600 Accumulated amortization ( 18,574 ) — ( 6,700 ) ( 25,274 ) Net carrying value at December 31, 2024 $ 7,326 $ — $ — $ 7,326 Amortization expense over the next four years is expected to be $ 1.8 million per year and is expected to end in early 2029. 6. ACCRUED EXPENSES Accrued expenses consist of the following: (In thousands) 2024 2023 Payrolls, related taxes and medical and other benefits $ 6,812 $ 5,688 Incentive compensation 6,434 417 Workers’ compensation and disabilities 2,005 2,178 Vacation 1,668 1,370 Environmental liabilities 1,259 1,560 Accrued utilities 1,164 876 Customer rebates 540 565 Accrued interest 231 840 Accrued freight 213 189 Derivative contract liability 80 483 Group annuity contract premium liability — 2,000 Other 1,762 2,440 Total $ 22,168 $ 18,606 51 7. DEBT AND CREDIT AGREEMENTS ABL Facility In December 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“the Credit Agreement”), which, prior to the ABL Adjustment Date (as defined below), provided the Company with a $ 180 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. In April 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement (as amended by Amendment No. 3 and Amendment No. 4, the “ABL Facility”) that, among other items: (i) moved the ABL Adjustment Date (defined below) from March 31, 2025 to September 30, 2025 and (ii) required weekly reporting of the borrowing base financial covenant until the ABL Adjustment Date. The ABL Facility is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries, including equity in certain material first-tier foreign subsidiaries. Availability for borrowings under the ABL Facility is governed by a borrowing base, determined by the application of specified advance rates against eligible assets, including a portion of trade accounts receivable, inventory, cash and cash equivalents, owned real properties, and owned machinery and equipment. Upon the earlier of September 30, 2025 or the date the Company received the proceeds from the sale of Terphane (the “ABL Adjustment Date”), the $ 180 million ABL Facility was to be reduced to $ 125 million. On November 1, 2024, with the closing of the sale of Terphane, the ABL Adjustment Date occurred. The ABL Facility will expire on June 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2024, funds available to borrow under the ABL Facility was $ 43.8 million, or 35.0 % of the aggregate commitment of $125 million. Outstanding borrowings accrue interest at the rates elected by the Company depending on the type of loan and denomination of such borrowing. For the ABL Facility, the Company may elect interest rates at: • Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) Spread (as defined in the ABL Facility) is determined in accordance with an excess availability-based pricing grid. ABR is defined, in part, as the greater of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Rate in effect on such day plus ½ of 1% and (c) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (defined below) for a one-month period plus 1%; or • The Term Benchmark Spread (as defined in the ABL Facility) is determined in accordance with an excess availability-based pricing grid. Adjusted Term SOFR Rate is defined as the Term SOFR Rate plus 0.10%, subject to an initial Floor (as defined in the ABL Facility) of 0%. Based upon the quarterly average of daily availability under the ABL Facility, the interest rate pricing grid is as follows: Pricing under the ABL Facility (Basis Points) Quarter Average of Daily Availability Term Benchmark Spread ABR Spread Commitment Fee > 66% of $125 million aggregate commitment 225.0 125.0 40.0 ≤ 66% but > 33% of $125 million aggregate commitment 250.0 150.0 40.0 ≤ 33% of $125 million aggregate commitment 275.0 175.0 40.0 The financial covenant is a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the ABL Facility) of 1.00:1.00 that will be triggered in the event that availability is less than 10 % of the $ 125 million commitment amount and continuing thereafter until availability is greater than 10 % of the $ 125 million commitment amount for 30 consecutive days. If at any time the availability under the ABL facility is less than 20 % of the maximum aggregate principal amount in effect at such time or an Event of Default occurs, the Company’s current monthly reporting requirements to lenders changes to a weekly cadence until the Event of Default is waived, cured or the availability under the ABL facility is above 20 % of the maximum aggregate principal amount for 30 consecutive days. A Cash Dominion Period goes into effect if availability under the ABL Facility falls below 12.5 % of the aggregate commitment or an Event of Default (as defined in the ABL Facility) occurs. The Company would then be subject to the Cash Dominion Period until the Event of Default is waived or ABL Facility availability is above 12.5 % of the $ 125 million aggregate commitment for 30 consecutive days. During a Cash Dominion Period, receipts that have not yet been applied to the ABL Facility are classified as restricted cash in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The ABL Facility has customary representations and warranties including, as a condition to each borrowing, that all such representations and warranties are true and correct in all material respects (including a representation that no Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the ABL Facility) has occurred since December 31, 2022). In the event that the Company cannot certify that all conditions to the borrowing have been met, the lenders can restrict the Company’s future borrowings under the ABL Facility. As of November 1, 2024, the Company is no longer in a Cash Dominion Period. Because a Cash Dominion Period was in effect as of December 31, 2023 and the Company is required to represent that no Material Adverse Effect has occurred as a 52 condition to borrowing, the outstanding debt under the ABL Facility (all contractual payments due on June 30, 2026) was classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023. In accordance with the ABL Facility, the lenders have been provided with the Company’s financial statements, covenant compliance certificates and projections to facilitate their ongoing assessment of the Company. Accordingly, the Company believes the likelihood that lenders would exercise the subjective acceleration clause whereby prohibiting future borrowings is remote. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. PE Films Guangzhou Loan In June 2024, PE Films' business location in Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou Tredegar Film Products Co., Ltd.(“Guangzhou Tredegar”), entered into a 9.5 million Chinese Yuan, which is equivalent to $ 1.3 million as of December 31, 2024, revolving loan with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. The loan matures on July 3, 2025. The interest rate is the one-year loan prime rate published by the National Interbank Funding Center for the working day immediately preceding the drawdown date, minus 0.45 %. As of December 31, 2024, the National Interbank Funding Center rate was 3.45 %. The revolving loan is secured by a mortgage contract listing the Guangzhou Tredegar factory building as collateral. The mortgage contract has a maximum value of 30 million Chinese Yuan and is effective from June 25, 2024 through May 31, 2027. This loan was presented as current debt on the consolidated balance sheet for the year ended December 31, 2024. 8. RETIREMENT PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS Tredegar sponsored a noncontributory defined benefit (pension) plan covering certain current and former U.S. employees. The plan for salaried and hourly employees was based on a formula using the participant’s years of service and compensation or using the participant’s years of service and a dollar amount. The plan is closed to new participants and pay for active plan participants for benefit calculations was frozen as of December 31, 2007. As of January 31, 2018, the plan no longer accrued benefits associated with crediting employees for service, thereby freezing all future benefits under the plan. On February 10, 2022, Tredegar announced the initiation of a process to terminate and settle its frozen defined benefit pension plan through lump sum distributions and the purchase of annuity contracts. In connection therewith, on February 9, 2022, the Company contributed $ 50 million to the pension plan. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company remeasured the pension plan, which resulted in a pre-tax pension settlement loss in the consolidated results of operation of $ 25.6 million. The remeasurement of the pension benefit obligation and plan assets was triggered by $ 64.5 million of lump sum distributions from the pension plan assets which exceeded the pension plan's service and interest cost. In September 2023, the Company borrowed $ 30 million under its prior credit agreement in anticipation of the final funding expected for terminating its defined benefit pension plan obligation. In October 2023, the Company used this cash to contribute $ 27.7 million to fully fund the pension plan with the amount necessary to purchase from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company a nonparticipating single premium group annuity contract for $ 157.5 million. In November 2023, the pension plan termination and settlement process was completed, and the Company’s relevant pension plan obligation was transferred to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company. This completed the pension plan termination process that began in February 2022. As a result of the routine administrative process to transition the pension plan, the Company recognized a $ 2.0 million charge to adjust the initial purchase price of the nonparticipating single premium group annuity contract reported as part of Other income (expense), net on the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss). During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company recognized a pre-tax pension settlement loss of $ 66.7 million. Tredegar also has a non-qualified supplemental pension plan covering certain employees. Effective December 31, 2005, further participation in this plan was terminated and benefit accruals for existing participants were frozen. The plan was designed to restore all or a part of the pension benefits that would have been payable to designated participants from the principal pension plans if it were not for limitations imposed by income tax regulations. The projected benefit obligation relating to this unfunded plan was $ 1.5 million and $ 1.6 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Pension expense recognized for this plan was $ 0.1 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022. This information has been included in the pension benefit tables below. In addition to providing pension benefits, the Company provides postretirement life insurance and health care benefits for certain groups of employees. Tredegar and retirees share in the cost of postretirement health care benefits, with employees hired on or before January 1, 1993, receiving a fixed subsidy to cover a portion of their health care premiums. The Company eliminated prescription drug coverage for Medicare-eligible retirees as of January 1, 2006. Consequently, Tredegar is not eligible for any federal subsidies. 53 The following tables reconcile the changes in benefit obligations and plan assets in 2024 and 2023, and reconcile the funded status to prepaid or accrued cost at December 31, 2024 and 2023: Pension Benefits Other Post- Retirement Benefits (In thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation, beginning of year $ 1,600 $ 248,114 $ 5,712 $ 5,726 Service cost — — 9 10 Interest cost 75 9,623 274 288 Effect of actuarial (gains) losses related to the following: Discount rate change ( 60 ) ( 10,751 ) ( 305 ) 99 Other 47 ( 6,459 ) ( 193 ) 12 Plan participant contributions — — 456 490 Benefits paid ( 184 ) ( 16,957 ) ( 875 ) ( 913 ) Settlement payments and annuity purchase — ( 221,970 ) — — Benefit obligation, end of year $ 1,478 $ 1,600 $ 5,078 $ 5,712 Change in plan assets: Plan assets at fair value, beginning of year $ — $ 218,119 $ — $ — Actual return on plan assets — ( 7,053 ) — — Employer contributions 184 27,861 419 423 Plan participant contributions — — 456 490 Benefits paid ( 184 ) ( 16,957 ) ( 875 ) ( 913 ) Settlement payments and annuity purchase — ( 221,970 ) — — Plan assets at fair value, end of year $ — $ — $ — $ — Funded status of the plans $ ( 1,478 ) $ ( 1,600 ) $ ( 5,078 ) $ ( 5,712 ) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets: Accrued expenses (current) $ 161 $ 180 $ 481 $ 489 Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, net 1,317 1,420 4,597 5,223 Net amount recognized $ 1,478 $ 1,600 $ 5,078 $ 5,712 54 The following table sets forth the assumptions used in accounting for the pension and other post-retirement benefits, and the components of net periodic benefit cost: Pension Benefits Other Post- Retirement Benefits (In thousands, except percentages) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Discount rate 5.49 % 4.89 % 5.07 % 5.63 % 4.98 % 5.17 % Expected long-term return on plan assets n/a n/a 4.99 % n/a n/a n/a Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost: Discount rate (a) 4.89 % 5.07 %/ 5.37 % 2.90 % 4.98 % 5.17 % 2.86 % Expected long-term return on plan assets n/a n/a 3.05 % n/a n/a n/a Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ — $ — $ — $ 9 $ 10 $ 18 Interest cost 75 9,623 8,945 274 288 207 Expected return on plan assets — ( 8,109 ) ( 8,174 ) — — — Amortization of prior service costs and gains or losses 21 9,245 13,746 ( 162 ) ( 213 ) ( 140 ) Net periodic benefit cost $ 96 $ 10,759 $ 14,517 $ 121 $ 85 $ 85 Pension settlement loss — 92,291 — — — — Total benefit cost $ 96 $ 103,050 $ 14,517 $ 121 $ 85 $ 85 (a) Prior to the pension lump sum distributions in August 2023, a discount rate of 5.07% was used to determine the net periodic benefit cost. Subsequent to August 2023, a discount rate of 5.37% was used to determine the net periodic benefit cost until the Company purchased a nonparticipating single premium group annuity contract in October 2023. Net periodic benefit cost is determined using assumptions at the beginning of each year. Funded status is determined using assumptions at the end of each year. The amount of the accumulated benefit obligation is the same as the projected benefit obligation. At December 31, 2024, the effect of a 1 % change in the health care cost trend rate assumptions would not impact the post-retirement obligation. Expected benefit payments over the next five years and in the aggregate for 2030—2034 are as follows: (In thousands) Pension Benefits Other Post- Retirement Benefits 2025 $ 180 $ 463 2026 171 449 2027 163 436 2028 154 423 2029 145 410 2030—2034 598 1,890 The pre-tax amounts recorded in 2024, 2023 and 2022 in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consist of: Pension Benefits Other Post-Retirement Benefits (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Net actuarial (gain) loss $ 384 $ 415 $ 103,998 $ ( 1,534 ) $ ( 1,250 ) $ ( 1,574 ) The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income, before related deferred income taxes, which are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic cost during 2025 are approximately $ 0.3 million of benefit for other post-retirement plans. 9. DERIVATIVES Tredegar uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of hedging margin exposure from fixed-price forward sales contracts in Aluminum Extrusions. These derivative financial instruments are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges 55 and are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of derivative instruments recorded on the consolidated balance sheets is based upon Level 2 inputs. If individual derivative instruments with the same counterparty can be settled on a net basis, the Company records the corresponding derivative fair values as a net asset or net liability. In the normal course of business, Aluminum Extrusions enters into fixed-price forward sales contracts with certain customers for the future sale of fixed quantities of aluminum extrusions at scheduled intervals. In order to hedge margin exposure created from the fixing of future sales prices relative to volatile raw material (aluminum) costs, Aluminum Extrusions enters into a combination of forward purchase commitments and futures contracts to acquire or hedge aluminum, based on the scheduled purchases for the firm sales commitments. The fixed-price firm sales commitments and related hedging instruments generally have durations of not more than 12 months, and the notional amount of aluminum futures contracts that hedged future purchases of aluminum to meet fixed-price forward sales contract obligations was $ 4.3 million ( 3.1 million pounds of aluminum) at December 31, 2024 and $ 7.7 million ( 5.6 million pounds of aluminum) at December 31, 2023. The table below summarizes the location and gross amounts of aluminum derivative contract fair values (Level 2) in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 (In thousands) Balance Sheet Account Fair Value Balance Sheet Account Fair Value Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Asset derivatives: Aluminum futures contracts Prepaid expenses & other $ 172 Prepaid expenses & other $ — Liability derivatives: Aluminum futures contracts Accrued expenses ( 57 ) Accrued expenses ( 483 ) Aluminum futures contracts Other non-current liabilities — Other non-current liabilities ( 9 ) Net asset (liability) $ 115 $ ( 492 ) In the event that a counterparty to an aluminum fixed-price forward sales contract chooses not to take delivery of its aluminum extrusions, the customer is contractually obligated to compensate Aluminum Extrusions for any losses on the related aluminum futures and/or forward contracts through the date of cancellation. These derivative contracts involve elements of market risk that are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheet, including the risk of dealing with counterparties and their ability to meet the terms of the contracts. The counterparties to any forward purchase commitments are major aluminum brokers and suppliers, and the counterparties to any aluminum futures contracts are major financial institutions. Fixed-price forward sales contracts are only made available to the best and most creditworthy customers. The pre-tax effect on net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) of derivative instruments classified as cash flow hedges and described in the previous paragraphs for years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 is summarized in the table below: (In thousands) Cash Flow Derivative Hedges Aluminum Futures Contracts Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income $ 43 $ 7,598 $ ( 4,525 ) Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income (effective portion) Cost of goods sold Cost of goods sold Cost of goods sold Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income (effective portion) $ ( 612 ) $ 4,508 $ 1,022 As of December 31, 2024, the Company expects $ 0.1 million of unrealized after-tax net gains on aluminum derivative contracts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to earnings within the next 12 months. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, net gains or losses realized, from previously unrealized net gains or losses on hedges that had been discontinued, were not material. 10. STOCK OPTION AND STOCK AWARD PLANS As of December 31, 2024, the Company had one stock-based compensation plan that permits the grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), stock, restricted stock, and stock unit awards. Awards available for grant totaled 725,154 shares at December 31, 2024. Stock options may be granted to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock at a price no lower than the fair market value on the date of grant and for a term not to exceed 10 years. Stock options exercisable totaled 2,327,655 and 3,019,333 shares at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 56 A summary of stock options outstanding at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and changes during those years, is presented below: Option Exercise Price/Share Number of Options Range Weighted Average Outstanding at January 1, 2022 3,125,944 $ 10.75 to $ 22.49 $ 13.82 Forfeited and expired ( 17,203 ) 14.47 to 19.64 15.33 Outstanding at December 31, 2022 3,108,741 10.75 to 22.49 13.81 Forfeited and expired ( 89,408 ) 13.78 to 19.64 19.60 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 3,019,333 10.75 to 22.49 13.64 Forfeited and expired ( 691,678 ) 10.75 to 22.49 14.15 Outstanding at December 31, 2024 2,327,655 $ 10.75 to $ 16.37 $ 13.49 No options were granted in 2024, 2023 or 2022. The following table summarizes additional information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024: Options Outstanding at December 31, 2024 Options Exercisable at December 31, 2024 Weighted Average Aggregate Intrinsic Value Aggregate Intrinsic Value Range of Exercise Prices Shares Remaining Contractual Life Exercise Price Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price $ 10.75 to $ 16.37 2,327,655 1.3 years $ 13.49 $ — 2,327,655 $ 13.49 $ — There were no stock options exercised in 2024, 2023 or 2022. The grant-date fair value of stock option-based awards vested in 2023 and 2022 was $ 2.2 million and $ 5.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option-based awards. 57 Restricted stock grants ordinarily vest three years from the date of grant based upon continued employment. The fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated as of the grant date using the closing stock price on that date. Stock unit awards vest upon the achievement of certain performance targets. The following table summarizes additional information about unvested restricted stock awards and performance stock units awards outstanding at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022: Unvested Restricted Stock Awards Maximum Unvested Restricted Stock Units Issuable Upon Satisfaction of Certain Performance Criteria Number of Shares Weighted Avg. Grant Date Fair Value/Share Grant Date Fair Value (In thousands) Number of Shares Weighted Avg. Grant Date Fair Value/Share Grant Date Fair Value (In thousands) Outstanding at January 1, 2022 335,800 $ 16.30 $ 5,473 50,718 $ 17.63 $ 1,366 Granted 301,969 11.88 3,587 — — — Vested ( 144,317 ) 15.10 ( 2,179 ) — — — Forfeited ( 18,474 ) 14.94 ( 276 ) ( 50,718 ) 17.63 ( 1,366 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2022 474,978 13.82 6,564 — — — Granted 454,623 7.67 3,487 — — — Vested ( 167,077 ) 11.29 ( 1,886 ) — — — Forfeited ( 26,445 ) 11.60 ( 307 ) — — — Outstanding at December 31, 2023 736,079 10.68 7,861 — — — Granted 385,159 7.25 2,792 — — — Vested ( 261,941 ) 11.94 ( 3,128 ) — — — Forfeited ( 87,181 ) 8.51 ( 742 ) — — — Outstanding at December 31, 2024 772,116 $ 8.79 $ 6,787 — $ — $ — As of December 31, 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards was $ 3.4 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 1.8 years. There were no SARs granted in 2024, 2023 or 2022. SARs may be settled in cash upon exercise and therefore are classified as liabilities and included in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of these liability awards is remeasured at each reporting period until the date of settlement. Increases and decreases in stock-based compensation expense are recognized over the vesting period, or immediately, for vested awards. A summary of SARs outstanding at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and changes during those years, is presented below: Exercise Price/Share Number of SARs Range Weighted Average Outstanding at January 1, 2022 521,601 $ 10.75 to $ 16.37 $ 13.55 Forfeited and expired ( 22,914 ) 10.75 to 16.37 14.83 Outstanding at December 31, 2022 498,687 10.75 to 16.37 13.49 Forfeited and expired ( 53,969 ) 10.75 to 16.37 12.78 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 444,718 10.75 to 16.37 13.57 Forfeited and expired ( 110,272 ) 10.75 to 16.37 13.85 Outstanding at December 31, 2024 334,446 $ 10.75 to $ 16.37 $ 13.48 The grant-date fair value of SARs awards vested in 2022 was $ 0.5 million. The grant-date fair value of SARs awards vested in 2024 and 2023 was immaterial. As of December 31, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to SARs . 58 11. INCOME TAXES Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations are as follows: (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes: Domestic $ ( 523 ) $ ( 151,488 ) $ 8,250 Foreign 1,403 1,023 1,314 Total $ 880 $ ( 150,465 ) $ 9,564 Current income tax expense (benefit): Federal $ ( 106 ) $ ( 39,929 ) $ ( 346 ) State 704 ( 39 ) 697 Foreign 123 241 351 Total 721 ( 39,727 ) 702 Deferred income tax expense (benefit): Federal ( 470 ) ( 11,758 ) ( 3,256 ) State ( 517 ) 198 ( 513 ) Foreign 101 ( 13 ) 46 Total ( 886 ) ( 11,573 ) ( 3,723 ) Total income tax expense (benefit) for continuing operations $ ( 165 ) $ ( 51,300 ) $ ( 3,021 ) The significant differences between the U.S. federal statutory rate and the effective income tax rate related to continuing operations are as follows: 2024 2023 2022 (In thousands, except percentages) Amount % Amount % Amount % Income tax expense (benefit) at federal statutory rate $ 185 21.0 $ ( 31,598 ) 21.0 $ 1,992 21.0 Stock-based compensation 409 46.5 136 ( 0.1 ) ( 103 ) ( 1.1 ) Changes in estimates related to prior year tax provision 326 37.0 559 ( 0.4 ) ( 812 ) ( 8.5 ) Non-deductible other 282 32.0 144 ( 0.1 ) 608 6.4 Foreign rate differences 57 6.5 39 — 51 0.5 State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 28 3.2 168 ( 0.1 ) 38 0.4 U.S. tax on foreign branch income — — 1,693 ( 1.1 ) ( 3,341 ) ( 35.1 ) Stranded taxes released with termination of pension — — ( 21,913 ) 14.6 — — Foreign derived intangible income deduction — — — — ( 259 ) ( 2.7 ) Tax contingency accruals and tax settlements ( 1 ) ( 0.1 ) 1 — 294 3.1 Changes in federal valuation allowance ( 654 ) ( 74.3 ) 237 ( 0.2 ) — — Research and development tax credit ( 797 ) ( 90.6 ) ( 766 ) 0.5 ( 1,489 ) ( 15.6 ) Income tax expense (benefit) at effective income tax rate $ ( 165 ) ( 18.8 ) $ ( 51,300 ) 34.1 $ ( 3,021 ) ( 31.6 ) Provision (benefit) for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $( 0.2 ) million compared to $( 51.3 ) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were ( 18.8 )% and 34.1 %, respectively. The change in effective tax rate is primarily due to pre-tax income from continuing operations in 2024 versus a pre-tax loss from continuing operations in 2023. The tax rate in 2023 was significantly impacted by tax benefits previously recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) that were released in 2023 as a result of the pension plan termination. The stranded taxes released with the termination of the pension plan represent the effect of the change in federal and state tax rates on pension-related deferred tax items initially recorded in other comprehensive income. The related stranded taxes were released in full in 2023. The effective tax rate in 2022 was impacted by a large discrete benefit recorded in the first quarter of 2022, resulting from the implementation of new U.S. tax regulations associated with foreign tax credits published by the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) on January 4, 2022. These regulations overhauled various components of the foreign tax credit regime including the determination of creditable foreign taxes and limit the amount of foreign taxes that are creditable against U.S. income taxes. As the result of these regulations, future Brazilian income tax under Brazil tax law in place at that time 59 would have been deductible, but not creditable, in the U.S. The accounting rules require a reduction of the U.S. deferred tax liability previously established related to anticipated future income from Brazil. The IRS released guidance in 2023 that provides temporary relief for tax years after 2021 from the regulations published by the IRS on January 4, 2022. As a result of the IRS guidance released in 2023, the reduction in the first quarter of 2022 of the U.S. deferred tax liability previously established related to anticipated future income from Brazil was reversed in 2023. Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities for continuing operations at December 31, 2024 and 2023, are as follows: (In thousands) 2024 2023 Deferred income tax assets: Pension and other postretirement obligations $ — $ 528 Employee benefits 6,381 5,821 Basis difference in capital assets 430 1,150 Inventory 956 1,478 Asset write-offs, divestitures and environmental accruals 3,656 1,025 U.S. federal and state NOL and credit carryforwards 38,706 33,247 Capitalized R&D expenditures 8,169 6,543 Other 815 2,805 Lease liabilities 3,419 2,710 Interest expense limitation 471 2,592 Foreign currency translation gain adjustment — 44 Deferred income tax assets before valuation allowance 63,003 57,943 Less: Valuation allowance 15,220 15,173 Total deferred income tax assets 47,783 42,770 Deferred income tax liabilities: Goodwill and identifiable intangibles $ 1,019 $ 3,138 Property, plant and equipment 9,086 11,386 Foregone tax credits on foreign branch income — 1,880 Right-of-use leased assets 3,210 2,409 Other 2,020 802 Total deferred income tax liabilities 15,335 19,615 Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) $ 32,448 $ 23,155 Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets: Deferred income tax assets (noncurrent) $ 32,517 $ 23,155 Deferred income tax liabilities (noncurrent) 69 — Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) $ 32,448 $ 23,155 Except as noted below, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that future taxable income will exceed future tax-deductible amounts thereby resulting in the realization of deferred income tax assets. The Company had U.S. federal and state tax credits of $ 25.2 million, net operating loss carryforwards of $ 13.5 million and a deferred interest limitation of $0.5 million at December 31, 2024. The Company had U.S. federal and state tax credits of $ 16.7 million and net operating loss carryforwards of $ 16.5 million and a deferred interest limitation of $ 2.6 million at December 31, 2023. The U.S. deferred interest limitation can be carried forward indefinitely. The U.S. federal foreign tax credits will expire between 2026-2034 and the U.S. federal research and development tax credits will expire by 2045. The U.S. state carryforwards expire at different points over the next 20 years. Valuation allowances of $ 14.0 million, $ 12.1 million and $ 10.3 million at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are recorded against the tax benefit on U.S. federal and state tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards generated by domestic subsidiaries that may not be recoverable in the carryforward period. The Company had a valuation allowance of $ 0.8 million against U.S. federal tax credits at December 31, 2023. The valuation allowance for unrealized capital losses from investments and other related items was $ 0.2 million at December 31, 2024 and $ 0.7 million at December 31, 2022. As circumstances and events warrant, allowances will be reversed when it is more likely than not that future taxable income will exceed deductible amounts, thereby resulting in the realization of deferred income tax assets. Valuation allowances of 60 $ 1.1 million, $ 2.2 million and $ 2.8 million at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were recorded against certain deferred state tax assets. A reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized uncertain tax positions since January 1, 2022, is shown below: Years Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Balance at beginning of period $ 659 $ 628 $ 648 Increase (decrease) due to tax positions taken in: Current period 25 25 2 Prior period 158 23 44 Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations ( 2 ) ( 17 ) ( 66 ) Balance at end of period $ 840 $ 659 $ 628 The Company records interest expense related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) with the balance of accrued interest in other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company accrued immaterial interest expense related to uncertain tax positions during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Tredegar, or one of its subsidiaries, files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and jurisdictions outside the U.S. With few exceptions, Tredegar is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2021. The Company anticipates that it is reasonably possible that Federal and state income tax audits or statutes may settle or close within the next 12 months and are not expected to result in a material change in unrecognized tax positions, including any payments that may be made. 12. BUSINESS SEGMENTS The Company's business segments are Aluminum Extrusions and PE Films. Aluminum Extrusions, also referred to as Bonnell Aluminum, produces high-quality, soft and medium strength alloyed aluminum extrusions, custom fabricated and finished, for the building and construction, automotive and transportation, consumer durables goods, machinery and equipment, electrical and renewable energy, and distribution markets. PE Films produces surface protection films, polyethylene overwrap films and films for other markets. The Company’s reportable segments are based on its method of internal reporting, which is generally segregated by differences in products. Accounting standards for presentation of segments require an approach based on the way the Company organizes the segments for making operating decisions and how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) assesses performance. EBITDA from ongoing operations is the key profitability measure used by the CODM (Tredegar’s President and Chief Executive Officer) for purposes of assessing financial performance. EBITDA from ongoing operations used by the CODM excludes certain non-recurring items, such as restructuring costs, asset impairments and other items, which are reported separately. The CODM uses EBITDA from ongoing operations to evaluate the operating performance of Tredegar’s ongoing operations, monitor budget versus actual results, establish management’s compensation and allocate resources. EBITDA from ongoing operations is the primary measure of segment performance and is consistent with how the business is managed internally, in addition to being a key financial and analytic metric for borrowing capacity and estimated enterprise value. The Company uses sales less freight (“net sales”) as its measure of revenues from external customers at the segment level. This measure is separately included in the financial information regularly provided to the CODM. Information by business segment and geographic area for the last three years is provided in the segment tables below. There were no accounting transactions between segments. 61 Segment Revenue, Segment Profit (Loss), and Significant Expenses 2024 (In thousands) Aluminum Extrusions PE Films Total Net Sales $ 471,815 $ 105,199 $ 577,014 Reconciliation of revenue: Add back freight 21,011 Sales as shown in the consolidated statements of income (loss) $ 598,025 Less: Variable costs 354,397 50,289 404,686 LIFO inventory adjustment 1,234 ( 174 ) 1,060 Manufacturing fixed costs (e) 40,123 13,248 53,371 Selling, general and administrative costs (e) 33,638 11,245 44,883 Other (f) 1,066 105 1,171 EBITDA from ongoing operations $ 41,357 $ 30,486 $ 71,843 Reconciliation of profit (loss): Depreciation and amortization 22,922 Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other (a) 5,766 Goodwill impairment 13,271 Interest income 36 Interest expense 4,664 Gain on investment in kaleo, inc. 144 Corporate expenses, net (d) 24,520 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax 880 Income tax expense (benefit) ( 165 ) Net income (loss) from continuing operations 1,045 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax ( 65,610 ) Net income (loss) $ ( 64,565 ) Refer to Notes to Financial Tables that follow these tables. 62 Segment Revenue, Segment Profit (Loss), and Significant Expenses 2023 (In thousands) Aluminum Extrusions PE Films Total Net Sales $ 474,803 $ 76,763 $ 551,566 Reconciliation of revenue: Add back freight 21,757 Sales as shown in the consolidated statements of income (loss) $ 573,323 Less: Variable costs 365,320 40,824 406,144 LIFO inventory adjustment ( 944 ) ( 1,333 ) ( 2,277 ) Manufacturing fixed costs (e) 41,028 13,793 54,821 Selling, general and administrative costs (e) 29,725 12,106 41,831 Other (f) 1,698 156 1,854 EBITDA from ongoing operations $ 37,976 $ 11,217 $ 49,193 Reconciliation of profit (loss): Depreciation and amortization 24,449 Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other (a) 8,529 Goodwill impairment 34,891 Interest income 514 Interest expense 6,316 Gain on investment in kaleo, inc. 262 Stock option-based compensation expense 231 Pension settlement loss 92,291 Corporate expenses, net (d) 33,727 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax ( 150,465 ) Income tax expense (benefit) ( 51,300 ) Net income (loss) from continuing operations ( 99,165 ) Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax ( 6,740 ) Net income (loss) $ ( 105,905 ) Refer to Notes to Financial Tables that follow these tables. 63 Segment Revenue, Segment Profit (Loss), and Significant Expenses 2022 (In thousands) Aluminum Extrusions PE Films Total Net Sales $ 637,872 $ 97,571 $ 735,443 Reconciliation of revenue: Add back freight 26,542 Sales as shown in the consolidated statements of income (loss) $ 761,985 Less: Variable costs 503,374 56,085 559,459 LIFO inventory adjustment ( 5,402 ) 521 ( 4,881 ) Manufacturing fixed costs (e) 43,073 15,216 58,289 Selling, general and administrative costs (e) 31,641 14,116 45,757 Other (f) ( 1,614 ) ( 316 ) ( 1,930 ) EBITDA from ongoing operations $ 66,800 $ 11,949 $ 78,749 Reconciliation of profit (loss): Depreciation and amortization 23,694 Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other (a) 956 Interest income 16 Interest expense 4,141 Gain on investment in kaleo, inc. 1,406 Stock option-based compensation expense 1,414 Corporate expenses, net (d) 40,402 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax 9,564 Income tax expense (benefit) ( 3,021 ) Net income (loss) from continuing operations 12,585 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 15,870 Net income (loss) $ 28,455 Refer to Notes to Financial Tables that follow these tables. Identifiable Assets (In thousands) 2024 2023 Aluminum Extrusions $ 247,205 $ 255,756 PE Films 55,081 56,536 Subtotal 302,286 312,292 General corporate 46,883 36,652 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (b) 7,062 13,051 Discontinued operations 126 84,466 Total $ 356,357 $ 446,461 Depreciation and Amortization Capital Expenditures (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Aluminum Extrusions $ 17,722 $ 17,927 $ 17,414 $ 10,097 $ 20,339 $ 23,664 PE Films 5,200 6,522 6,280 1,761 1,772 3,289 Subtotal 22,922 24,449 23,694 11,858 22,111 26,953 General corporate (d) 302 369 264 — 12 1,771 Discontinued operations 2,313 2,865 2,444 2,489 4,323 8,151 Total $ 25,537 $ 27,683 $ 26,402 $ 14,347 $ 26,446 $ 36,875 64 Net Sales by Geographic Area (c) (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 United States $ 514,743 $ 506,475 $ 675,528 Exports from the United States to: Asia 46,724 26,217 41,841 Canada 9,541 12,121 10,477 Europe 97 9 1,384 Latin America 5,068 6,192 5,587 Operations outside the United States: Asia 841 552 626 Total $ 577,014 $ 551,566 $ 735,443 Identifiable Assets by Geographic Area (c) Property, Plant & Equipment, Net by Geographic Area (c) (In thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 United States $ 294,303 $ 302,037 $ 127,992 $ 139,552 Operations outside the United States: China 7,983 10,255 7,217 9,361 General corporate 46,883 36,652 1,823 2,244 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (b) 7,062 13,051 n/a n/a Discontinued operations 126 84,466 — 32,298 Total $ 356,357 $ 446,461 $ 137,032 $ 183,455 Refer to Notes to Financial Tables that follow these tables. The Company’s facilities in Pottsville, PA (“PV”) and Guangzhou, China (“GZ”) have a tolling arrangement whereby certain surface protection films are manufactured in GZ for a fee with raw materials supplied from PV that are then shipped by GZ directly to customers principally in the Asian market but paid by customers directly to PV. Amounts associated with this intercompany tolling arrangement are reported in the table above as export sales from the U.S. to Asia, and include net sales of $ 26.9 million in 2024, $ 15.9 million in 2023 and $ 20.1 million in 2022. 65 Net Sales by Product Group (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Aluminum Extrusions: Nonresidential building & construction $ 265,496 $ 273,648 $ 350,377 Consumer durables 31,911 37,257 60,252 Automotive 39,283 46,014 49,330 Machinery & equipment 51,149 41,908 57,795 Distribution 11,750 13,719 28,533 Residential building & construction 36,303 36,774 61,815 Electrical 35,923 25,483 29,770 Subtotal 471,815 474,803 637,872 PE Films: Surface protection films 75,909 47,463 68,140 Packaging 29,290 29,300 29,431 Subtotal 105,199 76,763 97,571 Total $ 577,014 $ 551,566 $ 735,443 (a) See Note 1 for more information on losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments and restructurings and other items. (b) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash includes funds held in locations outside the U.S. of $ 1.6 million and $ 0.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (c) Export sales relate primarily to PE Films. (d) Corporate depreciation and amortization are included in corporate expenses, net, on the Segment Revenue, Segment Profit (Loss), and Significant Expenses tables above. (e) Excludes related depreciation and amortization. (f) Other expenses include segment allocated employee compensation benefits expense. 13. SAVINGS PLAN Tredegar has a savings plan that allows eligible employees to voluntarily contribute a percentage of their compensation, up to IRS limitations. Charges recognized for the savings plan were $ 3.7 million in 2024, $ 3.8 million in 2023 and $ 3.7 million in 2022. The provisions of the savings plan provided the following benefits for salaried and certain hourly employees: • The Company makes matching contributions to the savings plan of $ 1 for every $ 1 an employee contributes per pay period up to a maximum of 5 % of eligible compensation. • The savings plan includes immediate vesting of matching contributions and automatic enrollment at 3 % of eligible compensation unless the employee opts out or elects a different percentage. The Company also has a non-qualified plan that restores matching benefits for employees suspended from the savings plan due to certain limitations imposed by income tax regulations (“restoration plan”). The Company’s liability under the restoration plan was $ 0.7 million at December 31, 2024 (consisting of 88,148 phantom shares of common stock) and $ 0.4 million at December 31, 2023 (consisting of 78,192 phantom shares of common stock) and valued at the closing market price on those dates. Charges recognized for the restoration plan were immaterial for the years 2024, 2023 and 2022. The Tredegar Corporation Benefits Plan Trust (the “Trust”) purchased 7,200 shares of the Company’s common stock in 1998 for $ 0.2 million and 46,671 shares of its common stock in 1997 for $ 1.0 million. There have been no shares purchased since 1998 except for re-invested dividends. The cost of the shares held by the Trust is shown as a reduction to shareholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. 66 14. SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCING The Company had supply chain finance service agreements with third-party financial institutions to provide platforms that facilitate the ability of participating suppliers to finance payment obligations from the Company with third-party financial institutions. The Company’s obligations to its suppliers, including amounts due and scheduled payment dates, were not affected by suppliers’ decisions to finance amounts under the supply chain finance agreements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is no longer participating in supply chain finance service agreements through third-party financial institutions. As of December 31, 2023, $ 1.0 million of the Company’s accounts payable were financed by participating suppliers through third-party financial institutions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the supply chain financing for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: (In thousands) 2024 2023 Balance, beginning of year $ 1,006 $ 14,823 New obligations entered — 27,763 Less payments made ( 1,006 ) ( 41,580 ) Balance, end of year $ — $ 1,006 15. CONTINGENCIES Tredegar is involved in various stages of investigation and remediation relating to environmental matters at certain current and former plant locations. Where the Company has determined the nature and scope of any required environmental remediation activity, estimates of cleanup costs have been obtained and accrued. As efforts to maintain compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations continue, additional contingencies may be identified. If additional contingencies are identified in the future, the Company’s practice is to determine at that time the nature and scope of those contingencies, obtain and accrue estimates of the cost of remediation, and perform remediation. While the Company believes it is currently adequately accrued for known environmental issues, it is possible that unexpected future costs for known or unknown environmental issues could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at that time. The Company is involved in various other legal actions arising in the normal course of business. After taking into consideration the relevant information, the Company believes that it has sufficiently accrued for probable losses and that the actions will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position. From time to time, the Company enters into transactions with third parties in connection with the sale of assets or businesses in which it agrees to indemnify the buyers or third parties involved in the transaction, or in which the sellers or third parties involved in the transaction agree to indemnify Tredegar, for certain liabilities or risks related to the assets or business. Also, in the ordinary course of its business, the Company may enter into agreements with third parties for the sale of goods or services that may contain indemnification provisions. In the event that an indemnification claim is asserted, liability for indemnification would be subject to an assessment of the underlying facts and circumstances under the terms of the applicable agreement. For these reasons, Tredegar is unable to estimate the maximum amount of the potential future liability under the indemnity provisions of these agreements. The Company does, however, accrue for losses for any known contingent liability, including those that may arise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. The Company discloses contingent liabilities if the probability of loss is reasonably possible and considered to be material. 16. DIVESTITURES Flexible Packaging Films On September 1, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to sell Terphane, headquartered in Brazil, to Oben for net cash-free and debt-free base consideration of $ 116 million. On November 1, 2024, Tredegar completed the sale of Terphane to Oben. At closing, Tredegar received $ 60 million in cash, which is net of Terphane debt assumed by Oben of $ 20 million and estimated Terphane cash retained by Oben of $ 2 million. The cash proceeds received by Tredegar at closing are after deducting net working capital adjustments and closing indebtedness ($ 20.5 million), escrow funds ($ 19.8 million), projected Brazil withholding taxes ($ 10.8 million), and transaction expenses ($ 4.4 million). On February 28, 2025, the Company received $ 9.8 million from post-closing settlement of the transaction, which was $ 2.8 million higher than expected mainly due to higher cash held at Terphane in Brazil than estimated at closing. The proceeds from the sale of Terphane were required to be used to pay down debt outstanding under the ABL Facility. 67 Upon completion of the sale, the Company recognized a pre-tax loss of $ 74.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which includes the realization of other comprehensive losses on foreign currency translation adjustments, net of gains on derivative financial instruments of $ 102.3 million previously reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The following table summarizes the financial results of discontinued operations reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022: Years Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Revenue and other items Sales $ 118,382 $ 131,502 $ 176,579 Other income (expense), net 8 2 ( 51 ) 118,390 131,504 176,528 Costs and expenses Cost of goods sold 97,919 118,669 133,493 Freight 5,598 5,177 8,440 Selling, general and administrative 7,608 10,819 9,179 Research and development 655 867 891 Amortization of intangibles 78 139 396 Interest expense (a) 7,532 5,291 849 Asset impairments and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, net of adjustments — 107 — Loss on sale of business 74,877 — — Total 194,267 141,069 153,248 Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income tax ( 75,877 ) ( 9,565 ) 23,280 Income tax expense (benefit) ( 10,267 ) ( 2,825 ) 7,410 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax $ ( 65,610 ) $ ( 6,740 ) $ 15,870 (a) For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, interest expense includes $ 1.9 million and $ 0.4 million, respectively, directly related to the $ 20 million of outstanding Terphane debt assumed by Oben. Interest expense allocated to discontinued operations was determined by applying the ABL Facility weighted-average interest rate to the Terphane sale proceeds, as the sale proceeds were required to be used to pay down debt outstanding under the ABL Facility. 68 The assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively were as follows: December 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Assets Restricted cash $ — $ 404 Accounts and other receivables, net — 12,323 Inventories — 32,382 Prepaid expenses and other — 3,249 Total current assets — 48,358 Property, plant and equipment, net — 32,298 Right-of-use leased assets — 748 Identifiable intangible assets, net — 746 Deferred income taxes (a) 126 1,880 Other assets — 436 Total non-current assets 126 36,108 Total assets of discontinued operations $ 126 $ 84,466 Liabilities Accounts payable (a) $ 161 $ 25,695 Accrued expenses (a) 580 5,836 Lease liability, short-term — 204 Income taxes payable — 1,027 Total current liabilities 741 32,762 Lease liability long-term — 546 Long term debt — 20,000 Other non-current liabilities — 257 Total non-current liabilities — 20,803 Total liabilities of discontinued operations $ 741 $ 53,565 (a) The consolidated balance sheet of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2024 includes $ 0.1 million of deferred tax assets, $ 0.6 million of severance and $ 0.2 million of miscellaneous accrued expenses. 69 The following table provides significant operating, investing and financing cash flow information for discontinued operations: Year Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Operating activities: Depreciation and amortization $ 2,313 $ 2,865 $ 2,444 Loss on the sale of divested business 74,877 — — Total $ 77,190 $ 2,865 $ 2,444 Investing activities: Net proceeds on sale of divested business $ 54,631 $ — $ — Capital expenditures ( 2,489 ) ( 4,323 ) ( 8,151 ) Total $ 52,142 $ ( 4,323 ) $ ( 8,151 ) Financing activities Borrowings $ — $ 20,000 $ — Debt principal payments — — — Total $ — $ 20,000 $ — 70 17. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries (In thousands, except per-share amounts) (Unaudited) First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter For the year ended December 31, 2024 Sales $ 143,972 $ 153,940 $ 146,064 $ 154,049 Gross profit 23,851 29,598 18,125 24,483 Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax 2,604 9,170 ( 3,389 ) ( 7,339 ) Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 684 ( 378 ) ( 557 ) ( 65,359 ) Net income (loss) $ 3,288 $ 8,792 $ ( 3,946 ) $ ( 72,698 ) Earnings (loss) per share: Basic: Continuing operations $ 0.08 $ 0.27 $ ( 0.10 ) $ ( 0.21 ) Discontinued operations 0.02 ( 0.01 ) ( 0.01 ) ( 1.91 ) Basic $ 0.10 $ 0.26 $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 2.12 ) Diluted: Continuing operations $ 0.08 $ 0.27 $ ( 0.10 ) $ ( 0.21 ) Discontinued operations 0.02 ( 0.01 ) ( 0.01 ) ( 1.91 ) Diluted $ 0.10 $ 0.26 $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 2.12 ) For the year ended December 31, 2023 Sales $ 159,237 $ 143,350 $ 134,569 $ 136,167 Gross profit 22,655 15,987 14,090 18,394 Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax ( 17 ) ( 15,918 ) ( 49,172 ) ( 34,057 ) Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax ( 992 ) ( 3,004 ) ( 1,208 ) ( 1,534 ) Net income (loss) $ ( 1,009 ) $ ( 18,922 ) $ ( 50,380 ) $ ( 35,591 ) Earnings (loss) per share: Basic: Continuing operations $ — $ ( 0.47 ) $ ( 1.43 ) $ ( 1.00 ) Discontinued operations ( 0.03 ) ( 0.09 ) ( 0.04 ) ( 0.04 ) Basic $ ( 0.03 ) $ ( 0.56 ) $ ( 1.47 ) $ ( 1.04 ) Diluted: Continuing operations $ — $ ( 0.47 ) $ ( 1.43 ) $ ( 1.00 ) Discontinued operations ( 0.03 ) ( 0.09 ) ( 0.04 ) ( 0.04 ) Diluted $ ( 0.03 ) $ ( 0.56 ) $ ( 1.47 ) $ ( 1.04 ) Due to rounding, the sum of quarterly amounts presented in the table above may not add up precisely to the corresponding full year amounts. Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY Not Applicable. 71 EXHIBIT INDEX 2.1 Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2023, by and among Packfilm US LLC, Film Trading Importacao e Representacao Ltda., Terphane LLC, Terphane Limitada, Tredegar Film Products (Latin America), Inc., Terphane Acquisition Corporation II, TAC Holdings, LLC, Tredegar Investments LLC, Tredegar Corporation and Oben Holding Group S.A.C. (filed as Exhibit 2.1 of Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on September 5, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 2.2 First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated October 31, 2024, by and among Oben US, LLC (f/k/a Packfilm US, LLC), Film Trading Importaçãcao e Representaçãcao Ltda., Terphane LLC, Terphane Limitada, Tredegar Film Products (Latin America), Inc., Terphane Acquisition Corp. II, TAC Holdings, LLC, Tredegar Investments LLC, Oben Holding Group S.A.C. and Tredegar Corporation (filed as Exhibit 2.2 of Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on November 6, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference) 3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Tredegar (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) 3.1.1 Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Tredegar (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) 3.1.2 Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Tredegar, as of May 24, 2013 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on May 29, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference) 3.1.3 Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Tredegar, as of May 4, 2016 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on May 6, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference) 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Tredegar Corporation, as of August 4, 2023 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 of Tredegar ’ s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on August 7, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 4.1 Description of Registered Securities (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.1 Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2022, among Tredegar, as borrower, the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, Citizens Bank N.A and PNC Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and Bank of America, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-documentation agents, and the other lenders party thereto (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Tredegar ’ s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on June 30, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.1.1 Second Amended and Restated Guaranty, dated as of June 29, 2022, by and among the subsidiaries of Tredegar listed on the signature pages thereto in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, for the ratable benefit of the Holders of Guaranteed Obligations (as defined therein) (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Tredegar ’ s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on June 30, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.1.2 Second Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2022, by and among Tredegar and the subsidiaries of Tredegar listed on the signature pages thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties (as defined therein) (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Tredegar ’ s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on June 30, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.1.3 Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 29, 2022, among Tredegar Corporation, as borrower, the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and Bank of America, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-documentation agents, and the other lenders party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 of Tredegar ’ s Second Quarter 2023 Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10258), filed on August 9, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.1.4 Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 3, 2023, among Tredegar Corporation, as borrower, the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and Bank of America, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-documentation agents, and the other lenders party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.2 of Tredegar ’ s Second Quarter 2023 Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10258), filed on August 9, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.1.5 Amendment No. 3, dated December 27, 2023, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated June 29, 2022, by and among Tredegar Corporation, as borrower, certain of Tredegar Corporation’s material domestic subsidiaries, as guarantors, the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and Bank of America, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-documentation agents (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on December 28, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 72 10.1.6 Third Amended and Restated Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2023, by and among Tredegar Corporation and the subsidiaries of Tredegar Corporation listed on the signature pages thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties (as defined therein) (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on December 28, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.1.7 Amendment No. 4, dated April 16, 2024, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated June 29, 2022, by and among Tredegar Corporation, as borrower, certain of Tredegar Corporation’s material domestic subsidiaries, as guarantors, the lenders named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Citizens Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and Bank of America, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as co-documentation agents (filed as Exhibit 10.1 of Tredegar ’ s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on April 22, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.2 Reorganization and Distribution Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1989, between Tredegar and Ethyl Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.3 Employee Benefits Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1989, between Tredegar and Ethyl Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.4 Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1989, between Tredegar and Ethyl Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.5 Indemnification Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1989, between Tredegar and Ethyl Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.6 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Retirement Benefit Restoration Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.6.1 Amendment to the Tredegar Industries, Inc. Retirement Benefit Restoration Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.7.1 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.7 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Savings Plan Benefit Restoration Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10258) for the year ended December 31, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.7.1 Resolutions of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of Tredegar adopted on December 28, 2004 (effective as of December 31, 2004) amending the Tredegar Corporation Retirement Savings Plan Benefit Restoration Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.9.1 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on December 30, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.8 Tredegar 2004 Equity Incentive Plan as Amended and Restated Effective March 27, 2009 (filed as Annex 1 to Tredegar’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (File No. 1-10258) filed on April 14, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference) *10.9 Form of Notice of Nonstatutory Stock Option Grant and Nonstatutory Stock Option Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on February 27, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.10 Form of Notice of Stock Unit Award and Stock Unit Award Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on March 1, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.11 Form of Notice of Stock Award and Stock Award Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on March 1, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.12 Form of Notice of Stock Award and Stock Award Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Tredegar’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10258) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.13 Form of Notice of Stock Appreciation Right Grant and Stock Appreciation Right Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Tredegar’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10258) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.14 Form of Notice of Nonstatutory Stock Option Grant and Nonstatutory Stock Option Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.20 to Tredegar’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10258) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.15 Tredegar 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (filed as Annex A to Tredegar’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (File No. 1-10258) filed on March 25, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.16 Form of Notice of Nonstatutory Stock Option Grant and Nonstatutory Stock Option Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on May 7, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.17 Form of Notice of Nonstatutory Stock Option Grant and Nonstatutory Stock Option Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Tredegar Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-230386), filed on March 19, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference) 73 *10.18 Form of Executive Change-in-Control Severance Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 of Tredegar’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on October 4, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.19 Standard Buyout Commitment Agreement, dated October 31, 2023, by and between Tredegar Corporation and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (filed as Exhibit 10.1 of Tredegar ’ s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10258), filed on November 6, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference) *10.20 Form of Notice of Phantom Stock Unit Award and Phantom Stock Unit Award Terms and Conditions (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Tredegar’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10258) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference) +19 Insider Trading Policy +21 Subsidiaries of Tredegar +23 Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm +31.1 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of Tredegar, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 +31.2 Certification of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) of Tredegar, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 +32.1 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of Tredegar, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 +32.2 Certification of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) of Tredegar, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 97 Executive Incentive-based Compensation Recoupment Policy (filed as exhibit 97 to Tredegar's Annual R e p or t on Form 10-K ( F i le no. 1-10258) for the year en ded December 31, 2023, and incorporated her by reference) +101 XBRL Instance Document and Related Items +104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) * Denotes compensatory plans or arrangements or management contracts. + Filed herewith 74 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. TREDEGAR CORPORATION (Registrant) Dated: March 12, 2025 By /s/ John M. Steitz John M. Steitz President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 12, 2025. Signature Title /s/ John M. Steitz President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (John M. Steitz) (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ D. Andrew Edwards Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (D. Andrew Edwards) (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ Frasier W. Brickhouse, II Corporate Treasurer and Controller (Frasier W. Brickhouse, II) (Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ Gregory A. Pratt Chairman of the Board of Directors (Gregory A. Pratt) /s/ George C. Freeman, III Director (George C. Freeman, III) /s/ Kenneth R. Newsome Director (Kenneth R. Newsome) /s/ Thomas G. Snead, Jr. Director (Thomas G. Snead, Jr.) /s/ Carl E. Tack, III Director (Carl E. Tack, III) /s/ Christine R. Vlahcevic Director (Christine R. Vlahcevic) 75