RYTHM, Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is intended to update the information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 15, 2024, as amended on April 29, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”) and presumes that readers have access to, and will have read, the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other information contained in such Form 10-K. The following discussion and analysis also should be read together with our financial statements and the notes to the financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion contains certain statements that may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements appear in a number of places in this Report, including, without limitation, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and requirements that are difficult to predict or are beyond our control. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We strongly encourage investors to carefully read the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K in the section entitled “Risk Factors” for a description of certain risks that could, among other things, cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements. We assume no responsibility to update the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following should also be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this report. Except as otherwise indicated herein or as the context otherwise requires, references in this quarterly report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” and “Agrify” refer to Agrify Corporation, a Nevada corporation. Overview We are a developer of proprietary precision hardware and software grow solutions for the indoor commercial agriculture industry and provides equipment and solutions for cultivation, extraction, post-processing, and testing for the cannabis and hemp industries. We believe we are the only company with an automated and fully integrated grow solution in the industry. Our Agrify “Precision Elevated™” cultivation solution seamlessly combines our integrated hardware and software offerings with a broad range of associated services including consulting, engineering, and construction and is designed to deliver the most complete commercial indoor farming solution available from a single provider. The totality of our product offerings and service capabilities forms an unrivaled ecosystem in what has historically been a highly fragmented market. As a result, we believe we are well situated to create a dominant market position in the indoor agriculture sector. Agrify Corporation was incorporated in the state of Nevada on June 6, 2016, originally incorporated as Agrinamics, Inc. (or “Agrinamics”). On September 16, 2019, Agrinamics amended its articles of incorporation to reflect a name change to Agrify Corporation. Our corporate headquarters are located in Billerica, Massachusetts. We also lease properties located within various geographic regions in which we conduct business, including Colorado, Georgia, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Oregon. Reverse Stock Split On July 5, 2023, the Company effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its Common Stock, All share and per share information has been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented unless otherwise indicated. Recent Business Developments At the beginning of 2023, we announced a strategic plan to foster sustainable long-term growth through cost efficiencies and enhanced sales and growth initiatives. We have been focused on growing our cultivation business by helping our existing Agrify Total Turn-Key customers to bring their facilities online and driving additional sales through our RDP. As a result, we have successfully installed and commenced our Las Vegas customer, Nevada Holistic Medicine, our Denver Colorado customer, Denver Greens, and signed several new customers such as Golden Lake Business Park in California, and Harvest Works in New Jersey. As a testimony to the Vertical Farming Unit’s (“VFU”) ability to produce high quality flower, Nevada Holistic Medicine is already consistently harvesting 9 pounds of A-grade flower per VFU, or roughly 64 grams per canopy square foot, and seeing 90%+ A-grade flower produced with exceptional color, trichome, and terpene levels. 34 Similarly, since we have streamlined our expansive extraction portfolio of technologies, we have successfully supported the deployment of several turnkey solvent-based and solventless extraction packages to customers in California, Michigan, and the East Coast. In addition, we have released several new technologies and products into the market based on customer feedback, including our first peer-reviewed Cannabeast 13 Distillation Unit, a Diamond Miner, Stitch-less Double Filtration Rosin Bags, and the revamped PX30 Hydrocarbon Extractor. We have also made significant strides to receive UL Compliance for Precision Extractions’ EXP Explosion Proof Rooms in an effort to continue our commitment to safety and quality within cannabis extraction facilities. These industry developments illustrate the continuous innovation, and commitment to safety within the cannabis sector as our company adapts to evolving market demands. More importantly, our growing partnership across the Country is a strong testimony to operators’ continued trust in Agrify’s team and technologies in the most competitive markets. Recent Developments Note Amendment, Consolidation and Conversion On January 25, 2024, following stockholder approval at an annual meeting of stockholders on January 8, 2024, we and the New Lender consolidated the outstanding principal and interest due under the Junior Secured Note and the Exchange Note into the Convertible Note and amended and restated the Convertible Note (as amended and restated, the “Restated Note”), with an outstanding principal amount of approximately $18.9 million at the time of issuance of the Restated Note. The Restated Note amended the terms of the Convertible Note by, among other things, (i) reducing the conversion price to $1.46 per share of common stock, (ii) increasing the beneficial ownership limitation to 49.99% with respect to any individual or group, provided that the New Lender may assign its right to receive shares upon conversion to Mr. Chang and/or Ms. Chan or their affiliates, in which case the 49.99% beneficial ownership limitation will apply to each of them individually, (iii) extending the maturity date to December 31, 2025, (iv) increasing the interest rate from 9% to 10% per annum, (v) increasing the default interest from 15% to 18% per annum, and (vi) providing for the payment of interest every six months, or in lieu of cash interest payments, we may issue shares as payments-in-kind at a conversion price equal to the higher of (i) $1.46 or (ii) a 20% discount to our trailing seven-day volume weighted average price as of the date of interest payment. Immediately following the execution of the Restated Note, the New Lender immediately elected to convert approximately $3.9 million of outstanding principal into an aggregate of 2,671,633 shares of common stock, and assigned its rights to receive such shares to entities affiliated with Mr. Chang and Ms. Chan. Following the conversion, there was $15.0 million in principal amount outstanding under the Restated Note. Nasdaq Notices and Hearing On October 17, 2023, we received a Staff Delisting Determination (the “Staff Determination”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements under the Listing Rule as a result of our failure to file the First Quarter Form 10-Q, the Second Quarter Form 10-Q and the Form 10-K (collectively, the “Delinquent Reports”) in a timely manner. We filed each of the Delinquent Reports between November 28, 2023 and January 3, 2024. 35 On December 1, 2023, we received a notice Nasdaq stating that because we reported stockholders’ equity of $(17.17) million in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we were no longer in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which requires that listed companies maintain a minimum of $2.5 million in stockholders’ equity. We timely requested a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”), which hearing was held on January 11, 2024. At the hearing, we presented a plan to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On January 30, 2024, we received formal notice that the Panel had granted our request for an exception through April 15, 2024 to evidence compliance with Rule 5550(b)(1), which was subsequently extended to May 15, 2024. As a result, there can be no assurance that we can regain compliance by the end of the extension period. Additionally, on March 5, 2024, we received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our common stock had closed below $1.00 per share, which is the minimum closing price required to maintain continued listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Requirement”). The Notice had no immediate effect on the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we have 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement. To regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement, the closing bid price of our common stock must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive trading days during this 180-day compliance period, unless the Staff exercises its discretion to extend this period pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(H). The compliance period for us will expire on September 3, 2024. We can provide no assurances that the listing of our common stock will be restored or that we otherwise will remain listed on Nasdaq. If we fail to continue to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, Nasdaq will take steps to delist our common stock. Such a de-listing would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair stockholders’ ability to sell or purchase our common stock when they wish to do so, as well as adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and obtain additional financing in the future. Public Offering On February 27, 2024, we entered into a placement agency agreement with Alexander Capital, LP as placement agent, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of 2,760,000 shares of common stock, and, in lieu of common stock to certain investors that so chose, pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,963,684 shares of common stock. The public offering price for each share of common stock was $0.38, and the offering price for each pre-funded warrant was $0.379, which equals the public offering price per share of the common stock, less the $0.001 per share exercise price of each pre-funded warrant. The Offering was made pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 26, 2024 and was declared effective on February 14, 2024. Raymond Chang, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, participated in the offering on the same terms as other investors. The net proceeds from the public offering were approximately $2.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees and commissions and expenses. The public offering closed on February 28, 2024. 36 Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions about collection of accounts and notes receivable, the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation expense, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets. Financial Overview Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial position and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate estimates, which include estimates related to accruals, stock-based compensation expense, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates or assumptions. Revenue Recognition Overview We generate revenue from the following sources: (1) equipment sales, (2) providing services and (3) construction contracts. In accordance with ASC 606 “Revenue Recognition”, we recognize revenue from contracts with customers using a five-step model, which is described below: ● identify the customer contract; ● identify performance obligations that are distinct; ● determine the transaction price; ● allocate the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations; and ● recognize revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. Identify the customer contract A customer contract is generally identified when there is approval and commitment from both use and its customer, the rights have been identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability, and consideration is probable. Specifically, we obtain written/electronic signatures on contracts and a purchase order, if said purchase orders are issued in the normal course of business by the customer. Identify performance obligations that are distinct A performance obligation is a promise by us to provide a distinct good or service or a series of distinct goods or services. A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and our promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. 37 Determine the transaction price The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer, excluding sales taxes that are collected on behalf of government agencies. Allocate the transaction price to distinct performance obligations The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”) of the goods or services being provided to the customer. Our contracts typically contain multiple performance obligations, for which we account for individual performance obligations separately, if they are distinct. The standalone selling price reflects the price we would charge for a specific piece of equipment or service if it was sold separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. Recognize revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied Revenue is recognized when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised product or service to a customer. Significant Judgments We enter into contracts that may include various combinations of equipment, services and construction, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Once we determine the performance obligations, it determines the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price, if any. We then allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract based on the SSP. The corresponding revenue is recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We determine SSP based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately and the methods of estimating SSP under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606-10-32-33. If the SSP is not observable through past transactions, we estimate the SSP, taking into account available information such as market conditions, expected margins, and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. We license our software as a SaaS type subscription license, whereby the customer only has a right to access the software over a specified time period. The full value of the contract is recognized ratably over the contractual term of the SaaS subscription, adjusted monthly if tiered pricing is relevant. We typically satisfy our performance obligations for equipment sales when equipment is made available for shipment to the customer; for services sales as services are rendered to the customer and for construction contracts both as services are rendered and when contract is completed. We utilize the cost-plus margin method to determine the SSP for equipment and build-out services. This method is based on the cost of the services from third parties, plus a reasonable markup that we believe is reflective of a market-based reseller margin. We determine the SSP for services in time and materials contracts by observable prices in standalone services arrangements. We estimate variable consideration in the form of royalties, revenue share, monthly fees, and service credits are estimated at contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period if additional information becomes available. Variable consideration is typically not subject to constraint. Changes to variable consideration were not material for the periods presented. 38 If a contract has payment terms that differ from the timing of revenue recognition, we will assess whether the transaction price for those contracts include a significant financing component. We have elected the practical expedient that permits an entity to not adjust for the effects of a significant financing component if we expect that at the contract inception, the period between when the entity transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service, will be one year or less. For those contracts in which the period exceeds the one-year threshold, this assessment, as well as the quantitative estimate of the financing component and its relative significance, requires judgment. Accordingly, we impute interest on such contracts at an agreed upon interest rate and will present the financing components separately as financial income. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not have any such financial income. Payment terms with customers typically require payment 30 days from invoice date. Our agreements with customers do not provide for any refunds for services or products and therefore no specific reserve for such is maintained. In the infrequent instances where customers raise a concern over delivered products or services, we have endeavored to remedy the concern and all costs related to such matters have been insignificant in all periods presented. We have elected to treat shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control of the goods as a fulfillment cost and not as a promised good or service. Accordingly, we will accrue all fulfillment costs related to the shipping and handling of consumer goods at the time of shipment. We have payment terms with its customers of one year or less and has elected the practical expedient applicable to such contracts not to consider the time value of money. Sales, value add, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. We receive payment from customers based on specified terms that are generally less than 30 days from the satisfaction of performance obligations. There are no contract assets related to performance under the contract. The difference in the opening and closing balances of our deferred revenue primarily results from the timing difference between our performance and the customer’s payment. We fulfill obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring products and services in exchange for consideration from the customer. Accounts receivables are recorded when the customer has been billed or the right to consideration is unconditional. We recognize deferred revenue when consideration has been received or an amount of consideration is due from the customer, and we have a future obligation to transfer certain proprietary products. In accordance with ASC 606-10-50-13, we are required to include disclosure on its remaining performance obligations as of the end of the current reporting period. Due to the nature of our contracts, these reporting requirements are not applicable. The majority of our remaining contracts meet certain exemptions as defined in ASC 606-10-50-14 through 606-10-50-14A, including (i) performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less and (ii) the right to invoice practical expedient. We generally provide a one-year warranty on our products for materials and workmanship but may provide multiple year warranties as negotiated, and will pass on the warranties from its vendors, if any, which generally covers this one-year period. In accordance with ASC 450-20-25, we accrue for product warranties when the loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. The reserve for warranty returns is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Accounting for Business Combinations We allocated the purchase price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development assets, and liabilities assumed, based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. These fair values are typically estimated with assistance from independent valuation specialists. The purchase price allocation process requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date with respect to intangible assets, contractual support obligations assumed, contingent consideration arrangements, and pre-acquisition contingencies. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made in the past have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. 39 Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired or may acquire in the future include but are not limited to: ● future expected cash flows from software license sales, support agreements, consulting contracts, other customer contracts, and acquired developed technologies; ● expected costs to develop in-process research and development into commercially viable products and estimated cash flows from the projects when completed; ● the acquired company’s brand and competitive position, as well as assumptions about the period of time the acquired brand will continue to be used in the combined company’s product portfolio; ● cost of capital and discount rates; and ● estimating the useful lives of acquired assets as well as the pattern or manner in which the assets will amortize. The fair value estimates related to the various identified intangible assets were determined under various valuation approaches including the Income Approach, Relief-from-Royalty Method, and Discounted Cash Flow Method. These valuation methods require management to project revenues, operating expenses, working capital investment, capital spending and cash flows for the reporting unit over a multiyear period, as well as determine the weighted-average cost of capital to be used as a discount rate. Capitalization of Internal Software Development Costs We capitalize certain software engineering efforts related to the continued development of Agrify Insights software under ASC 985-20. Costs incurred during the application development phase are only capitalized once technical feasibility has been established and the work performed will result in new or additional functionality. The types of costs capitalized during the application development phase include employee compensation, as well as consulting fees for third-party software developers working on these projects. Costs related to the research and development are expensed as incurred until technical feasibility is established as well as post-implementation activities. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, which ranges from two to five years. Income Taxes We account for income taxes pursuant to the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires, among other things, an asset and liability approach to calculating deferred income taxes. The asset and liability approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is provided to offset any net deferred tax assets for which management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred asset will not be realized. We follow the provisions of ASC 740-10-25-5, “Basic Recognition Threshold.” When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. In accordance with the guidance of ASC 740-10-25-6, the benefit of a tax position is recognized in the consolidated financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above should be reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. We believe our tax positions are all highly certain of being upheld upon examination. As such, we have not recorded a liability for unrecognized tax benefits. 40 We recognize the benefit of a tax position when it is effectively settled. ASC 740-10-25-10, “Basic Recognition Threshold” provides guidance on how an entity should determine whether a tax position is effectively settled for the purpose of recognizing previously unrecognized tax benefits. ASC 740-10-25-10 clarifies that a tax position can be effectively settled upon the completion of an examination by a taxing authority. For tax positions considered effectively settled, we recognize the full amount of the tax benefit. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation We follow the provisions of ASC Topic 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation.” ASC Topic 718 establishes standards surrounding the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services. ASC Topic 718 focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions, such as options issued under our Stock Option Plans. The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model incorporates certain assumptions for inputs including a risk-free market interest rate, expected dividend yield of the underlying Common Stock, expected option life, and expected volatility in the market value of the underlying Common Stock. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. Because our stock options and warrants have characteristics different from those of our traded stock, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of such stock options. The risk-free interest rate is based upon quoted market yields for United States Treasury debt securities with a term similar to the expected term. The expected dividend yield is based upon our history of having never issued a dividend and management’s current expectation of future action surrounding dividends. We calculate the expected volatility of the stock price based on the corresponding volatility of our peer group stock price for a period consistent with the underlying instrument’s expected term. The expected lives for such grants were based on the simplified method for employees and directors. In arriving at stock-based compensation expense, we estimate the number of stock-based awards that will be forfeited due to employee turnover. Our forfeiture assumption is based primarily on its turn-over historical experience. If the actual forfeiture rate is higher than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment will be made to increase the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in a decrease to the expense recognized in our financial statements. If the actual forfeiture rate is lower than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment will be made to lower the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in an increase to expense recognized in our financial statements. The expense we recognize in future periods will be affected by changes in the estimated forfeiture rate and may differ significantly from amounts recognized in the current period. It is important that the discussion of our operating results that follows be read in conjunction with the critical accounting policies disclosed above. 41 Results of Operations Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Revenue (including $0 and $46 from related parties, respectively) $ 2,598 $ 5,804 Cost of goods sold 1,869 4,816 Gross profit 729 988 General and administrative 2,952 6,931 Selling and marketing 462 1,590 Research and development 275 735 Change in contingent consideration (2,180 ) (684 ) Total operating expenses 1,509 8,572 Loss from operations (780 ) (7,584 ) Interest expense, net (145 ) (799 ) Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 873 2,672 Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net — (4,620 ) Other income, net 14 4 Total other income (expense), net 742 (2,743 ) Net loss before income taxes (38 ) (10,327 ) Income tax benefit (expense) — — Net loss (38 ) (10,327 ) Net loss attributable to Agrify Corporation $ (38 ) $ (10,327 ) Net loss per share attributable to Common Stockholders – basic and diluted (1) $ — $ (9.63 ) Net (loss) income per share attributable to Common Stockholders – diluted $ — $ (9.63 ) Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (1) 8,894,229 1,072,292 Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (1) 8,894,229 1,072,292 Revenues Our goal is to provide our customers with a variety of products to address their entire indoor agriculture needs. Our core product offering includes our Agrify Vertical Farming Units (or “VFUs”) and Agrify Integrated Grow Racks with our Agrify Insights software, which are supplemented with environmental control products, grow lights, facility build-out services and extraction equipment. We generate revenue from sales of cultivation solutions, including ancillary products and services, Agrify Insights software, facility build-outs and extraction equipment and solutions. We believe that our product mix form an integrated ecosystem which allows us to be engaged with our potential customers from early stages of the grow cycle — first during the facility build-out, to the choice of cultivation solutions, running the grow business with our Agrify Insights software and finally, our extraction, post-processing and testing services to transform harvest into a sellable product. We believe that delivery of each solution in the various stages in the process will generate sales of additional solutions and services. 42 The following table provides a breakdown of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Change % Change Cultivation solutions, including ancillary products and services $ 86 $ 169 $ (83 ) (49 )% Agrify Insights software 62 30 32 107 % Facility build-outs — 627 (627 ) (100 )% Extraction solutions 2,450 4,978 (2,528 ) (51 )% Total revenue $ 2,598 $ 5,804 $ (3,206 ) (55 )% Revenues decreased by $3.2 million, or 55% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The comparative decrease in revenue was generated primarily from decreases in revenue from facility build-outs and extraction solutions. Extraction division revenues totaled $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2024. Additionally, design and build revenues decreased by $0.6 million due to the discontinued build-out of facilities under our TTK Solutions. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold represents a combination of the following: construction-related costs associated with our facility build-outs, internal and outsourced labor and material costs associated with the assembly of both cultivation equipment (primarily VFUs) and extraction equipment, as well as labor and parts costs associated with the sale or provision of other products and services. The following table provides a breakdown of our cost of goods sold for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Change % Change Cultivation solutions, including ancillary products and services $ 231 $ 533 $ (302 ) (57 )% Facility build-outs — 720 (720 ) (100 )% Extraction solutions 1,638 3,563 (1,925 ) (54 )% Total cost of goods sold $ 1,869 $ 4,816 $ (2,947 ) (61 )% Cost of goods sold decreased by $2.9 million, or 61%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The comparative quarterly decrease in cost of goods sold is associated with decreases in cost of goods sold related to facility build-outs and extraction solutions. Gross Profit Three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Change % Change Gross profit $ 729 $ 988 $ (259 ) (26 )% Gross profit totaled $0.7 million, or 28.1% of total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a gross loss of $1.0 million, or 17% of total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The comparative $0.3 million first-quarter year over year decrease in gross profit, as well as the comparative decrease in gross profit margin, is primarily attributable to a smaller decrease in costs of goods sold relative to the decrease in revenue for the period. During the first quarter of 2024, we realized a gross profit margin of 33% associated with our extraction solutions revenue, while we realized a gross profit margin of approximately (169)% on our cultivation-related revenues. 43 On a forward-looking basis, with the full year benefit of anticipated margin contribution associated with the extraction-related revenue contributions, the Company anticipates that gross margin performance, aided by our extraction-related equipment sales, will be in a mid-teens range. We anticipate that we will be able to improve upon that expected gross profit margin performance once we are able to generate meaningful software and production fee revenues from our TTK Solutions, which we currently expect to begin in the late third or early fourth quarter of 2024 . General and Administrative Three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Change % Change General and administrative $ 2,952 $ 6,931 $ (3,979 ) (57 )% General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and travel expenses, associated with executive and other administrative functions. Other G&A expenses include, but are not limited to, professional fees for legal, consulting, depreciation and amortization and accounting services, as well as facility-related costs. G&A expense decreased by $4.0 million, or 57%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease is attributable to payroll, benefits and related expenses decrease of $1.8 million, a decrease in consulting and other related expenses of $0.3 million, a decrease in insurance expenses of $0.5 million, a decrease in legal expense of $0.2 million. Research and Development Three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Change % Change Research and development $ 275 $ 735 $ (460 ) (63 )% Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consisted primarily of costs incurred for the development of our Agrify Insights software, next generation VFUs, and new extraction technology and methodology, which includes: ● employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and travel; ● expenses incurred by the subcontractor under agreements to provide engineering work related to the development of our Agrify Insights software and next generation VFUs; ● expenses related to our facilities, depreciation, and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, insurance and other supplies. R&D expense decreased by $0.5 million, or 63%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease is attributable to the reduction in personnel, outsourced consulting and materials purchased. We expect to continue to invest in future developments of our VFUs, Agrify Insights software and our extraction products. As a percentage of net revenue, R&D expenses were 10.6% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 12.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. 44 Selling and Marketing Three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Change % Change Selling and marketing $ 462 $ 1,590 $ (1,128 ) (71 )% Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs of personnel, travel expenses, trade shows and advertising expenses. Selling and marketing ex penses decreased by $1.1 million, or 71% , for the three months ended March 31, 2024 , compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease is attributable to a decrease in payroll, advertising, and trade show expenses. Other Income, Net Three months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 Change % Change Interest expense, net $ (145 ) $ (799 ) $ 654 (82 )% Other income, net 14 4 10 250 % Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 873 2,672 (1,799 ) (67 )% Loss on extinguishment of notes payable — (4,620 ) 4,620 (100 )% Total other income, net $ 742 $ (2,743 ) $ 3,485 (127 )% Interest expense decreased by $0.7 million, or 82%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in interest expense is attributable mainly to the decrease in principal balance on outstanding loans. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 for 1.8 million is related to the fair value remeasurement of warrants issued during March, August, and December, 2022. Income (Loss) Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest We consolidate the results of operations of two less than wholly-owned entities into our consolidated results of operations. On December 8, 2019, we formed Agrify Valiant LLC, a joint-venture limited liability company in which we are 60% majority owner and Valiant-America, LLC owns 40%. Agrify Valiant LLC started its operations during the second quarter of 2020. On January 22, 2020, as part of the acquisition of TriGrow, we received TriGrow’s 75% interest in Agrify Brands, LLC (formerly TriGrow Brands, LLC), a licensor of an established portfolio of consumer brands that utilize our grow technology. The license of these brands is ancillary to the sale of our VFUs and provides a means to differentiate customers’ products in the marketplace. It is not a material aspect of our business and we have not realized any royalty income. Accordingly, we are currently evaluating whether to continue this legacy business from an operational standpoint, as well as from a legal and regulatory perspective. Loss attributable to non-controlling interest represents the portion of profit (or loss) that are attributable to non-controlling interest calculated as a product of the net income of the entity multiplied by the percentage of ownership held by the non-controlling interest. 45 Liquidity and Capital Resources As of March 31, 2024, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $0.1 million. Our current working capital needs are to support revenue growth, to fund construction and equipment financing commitments associated with our TTK Solutions, manage inventory to meet demand forecasts and support operational growth. Our long-term financial needs primarily include working capital requirements and capital expenditures. We anticipate that we will allocate a significant portion of our current balance of working capital to satisfy the financing requirements of our current and future TTK arrangements. These arrangements require a significant amount of upfront capital necessary to fund construction, associated with facility build-outs, and equipment. There are many factors that may negatively impact our available sources of funds in the future, including the ability to generate cash from operations, raise debt capital and raise cash from the issuance of our securities. The amount of cash generated from operations is dependent upon factors such as the successful execution of our business strategy and general economic conditions. We may opportunistically raise debt capital, subject to market and other conditions. Additionally, as part of our growth strategies, we may also raise debt capital for strategic alternatives and general corporate purposes. If additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise such capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. Indebtedness We entered into one Loan Agreement and Promissory Note with Bank of America pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration. We received total proceeds of approximately $779 thousand from the unsecured PPP Loan which was originally scheduled to mature in May 2022. We applied for forgiveness on the $779 thousand of our PPP Loan however was denied by the SBA. On June 23, 2022, we received a letter from Bank of America agreeing to extend the maturity date to May 7, 2025 and bears interest at a rate of 1.00% per year. The PPP loan is payable in 34 equal combined monthly principal and interest payments of approximately $24 thousand that commenced on August 7, 2022. On March 14, 2022, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the Former Lender. The Purchase Agreement provides for the issuance of the SPA Note in the aggregate amount of $65.0 million and a SPA Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 34,406 shares of Common Stock, with the potential for two potential subsequent closings for notes with an original principal amount of $35.0 million each. On August 18, 2022, we entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the August 2022 Exchange Agreement, we partially paid $35.2 million along with approximately $300 thousand in repayments for other fees under the SPA Note and exchanged the remaining balance of the SPA Note for an Exchange Note with an aggregate original principal amount of $35.0 million and a Note Exchange Warrant to purchase 71,139 shares of Common Stock. Additionally, we exchanged the SPA Warrant for a Modified Warrant for the same number of underlying shares but with a reduced exercise price. On March 8, 2023, we entered into a new Securities Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the March 2023 Exchange Agreement, we prepaid approximately $10.3 million in principal amount under the Exchange Note and exchanged $10.0 million in principal amount of the remaining balance of the Exchange Note for a new senior secured convertible note (the “Convertible Note”). The Convertible Note is a senior secured obligation and will rank senior to all of our indebtedness. The Convertible Note will mature on August 19, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”) and has a 9.0% annualized interest rate, with interest to be paid monthly, in cash. The principal amount of the Convertible Note will be payable on the maturity date, provided that the lender will be entitled to a cash sweep of 30% of the proceeds of any at-the-market equity offering and 20% of the proceeds received by us in connection with any other equity financing, which will reduce the outstanding principal amount under the Exchange Note. On October 27, 2023, CP Acquisitions LLC, and entity affiliated with and controlled by Raymond Chang, acquired the Exchange Note and the Convertible Note. As of October 30, 2023, there was approximately $6.7 million outstanding under the Exchange Note and $8.8 million outstanding under the Convertible Note. At any time, we may prepay all of the Exchange Note by redemption at a price equal to 102.5% of the then-outstanding principal amount under the Note plus accrued but unpaid interest. The holder will also have the option of requiring us to redeem the Exchange Note on the one-year or two-year anniversaries of issuance at a price equal to the then-outstanding principal amount under the Exchange Note plus accrued but unpaid interest, or if we undergo a fundamental change at a price equal to 102.5% of the then-outstanding principal amount under the Exchange Note plus accrued but unpaid interest. 46 Cash Flows The following table presents the major components of net cash flows from and used in operating, investing, and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023: (In thousands) March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023 Net cash (used in) provided by: Operating activities $ (2,987 ) $ (9,469 ) Investing activities $ 328 9,795 Financing activities $ 2,324 (9,307 ) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents $ (335 ) $ (8,981 ) Cash Flow from Operating Activities For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we incurred a net loss of $0.04 million, which included $0.4 million related to depreciation and amortization, $0.5 million of stock based compensation expense, and $0.9 million related to the change in fair value of warrant liabilities. Net cash was reduced by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.9 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred a net loss of $10.3 million, which included $0.4 million related to depreciation and amortization, $0.9 million of stock based compensation expense, and $2.7 million related to the change in fair value of warrant liabilities. Net cash was reduced by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $2.4 million. Cash Flow from Investing Activities For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $328.0 thousand, which resulted from cash outflows of $2.0 thousand for purchases of property and equipment. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities was $9.8 million, which included cash outflows of $0.1 million in net purchases of property, plant and equipment and $0.6 million in issuances of notes receivable and cash inflows of $10.4 million related to proceeds from sales of securities. Cash Flow from Financing Activities For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $2.3 million. Net cash provided by financing activities was primarily driven by repayments of notes payable of $0.2 million and proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants of $2.1 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $9.3 million. Net cash used in financing activities was primarily driven by repayments of notes payable of $10.8 and offset by proceeds from at-the-market offerings of $1.5 million. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements During the periods presented, we did not have, nor do we currently have, any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. We are therefore not exposed to the financing, liquidity, market, or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in those types of relationships. 47 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Part I, Item, 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. These estimates are based on our knowledge and understanding of current conditions and actions that we may take in the future. Changes in these estimates will occur as a result of the passage of time and the occurrence of future events. Subsequent changes in these estimates may have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations and are recorded in the period in which they become known. We have identified the following estimates that, in our opinion, are subjective in nature, require the exercise of judgment and involve complex analysis: the fair value of derivative assets and liabilities, goodwill impairment assessment, revenue recognition and cost of goods sold. The significant accounting policies and estimates that have been adopted and followed in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are detailed in Note 1 - Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies included in our 2023 Annual Report and Note 1 - Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There have been no changes in these policies and estimates that had a significant impact on the financial condition and results of operations for the periods covered in this Quarterly Report. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted For more information on recently issued accounting pronouncements are included within Note 1 - Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, included elsewhere in the notes to consolidated financial statements covered under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted For more information on new accounting pronouncements not yet adopted are included within Note 1 - Overview, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, included elsewhere in the notes to consolidated financial statements covered under Part I, Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by 17 C.F.R. § 229.10, the Company is not required to provide information required by this Item.