Reservoir Media, Inc. 10-Q

Table of Contents ​ ​ UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ​ FORM 10-Q ​ (MARK ONE) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ​ For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ​ For the transition period from to ​ Commission file number: 001-39795 ​ RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) ​ Delaware 83-3584204 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) ​ 200 Varick Street Suite 801 New York , New York 10014 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) ​ ( 212 ) 675-0541 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) ​ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: ​ Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “ Common Stock ”) ​ RSVR ​ The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Warrants to purchase one share of Common Stock, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share ​ RSVRW ​ The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ​ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ ​ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ ​ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. ​ Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒ ​ Emerging growth company ☒ ​ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ ​ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ ​ As of October 21, 2024, there were 65,222,555 shares of Common Stock of Reservoir Media, Inc. issued and outstanding. ​ ​ ​ ​ Table of Contents RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS ​ ​ Part I. Financial Information ​ 1 Item 1. Financial Statements ​ 1 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) ​ 1 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) ​ 2 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 (unaudited) ​ 3 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) ​ 4 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) ​ 5 Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements ​ 6 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ​ 14 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ​ 30 Item 4. Controls and Procedures ​ 30 Part II. Other Information ​ 32 Item 1. Legal Proceedings ​ 32 Item 1A. Risk Factors ​ 32 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds ​ 32 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities ​ 32 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures ​ 32 Item 5. Other Information ​ 32 Item 6. Exhibits ​ 33 Part III. Signatures ​ 34 ​ ​ ​ ​ i Table of Contents PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Interim Financial Statements. RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) (In U.S. dollars, except share data) (Unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended September 30, Six Months Ended September 30, ​ 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues ​ $ 40,667,393 ​ $ 38,397,300 ​ $ 74,984,236 ​ $ 70,233,886 Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of revenue ​ ​ 14,831,371 ​ ​ 14,442,666 ​ ​ 28,112,487 ​ ​ 27,914,263 Amortization and depreciation ​ ​ 6,430,019 ​ ​ 6,214,540 ​ ​ 12,814,776 ​ ​ 12,270,108 Administration expenses ​ 9,283,977 ​ 11,595,004 ​ 18,973,414 ​ 20,759,504 Total costs and expenses ​ 30,545,367 ​ 32,252,210 ​ 59,900,677 ​ 60,943,875 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income ​ 10,122,026 ​ 6,145,090 ​ 15,083,559 ​ 9,290,011 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest expense ​ ( 4,960,408 ) ​ ( 5,759,506 ) ​ ( 10,019,806 ) ​ ( 10,493,039 ) Loss on foreign exchange ​ ( 36,348 ) ​ ( 40,156 ) ​ ( 95,811 ) ​ ( 70,092 ) (Loss) gain on fair value of swaps ​ ​ ( 5,126,907 ) ​ ​ 628,091 ​ ​ ( 5,617,202 ) ​ ​ 2,473,478 Other income (expense), net ​ 1,033 ​ 474 ​ ( 98,489 ) ​ 536 (Loss) income before income taxes ​ ( 604 ) ​ 973,993 ​ ( 747,749 ) ​ 1,200,894 Income tax (benefit) expense ​ ( 152,593 ) ​ 291,638 ​ ( 446,561 ) ​ 353,986 Net income (loss) ​ ​ 151,989 ​ ​ 682,355 ​ ​ ( 301,188 ) ​ ​ 846,908 Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests ​ ​ 33,026 ​ ​ ( 146,965 ) ​ ​ 139,548 ​ ​ ( 34,185 ) Net income (loss) attributable to Reservoir Media, Inc. ​ $ 185,015 ​ $ 535,390 ​ $ ( 161,640 ) ​ $ 812,723 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earnings (loss) per common share (Note 13): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 Diluted ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted average common shares outstanding (Note 13): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic ​ ​ 65,186,357 ​ ​ 64,783,974 ​ ​ 65,079,114 ​ ​ 64,684,082 Diluted ​ ​ 65,837,273 ​ ​ 65,085,654 ​ ​ 65,079,114 ​ ​ 65,031,488 ​ See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. ​ 1 Table of Contents RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (In U.S. dollars) (Unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended September 30, ​ Six Months Ended September 30, ​ 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net income (loss) ​ $ 151,989 ​ $ 682,355 ​ $ ( 301,188 ) ​ $ 846,908 Other comprehensive income (loss): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Translation adjustments ​ 3,755,405 ​ ( 2,198,433 ) ​ 3,790,257 ​ ( 1,058,957 ) Total comprehensive income (loss) ​ 3,907,394 ​ ( 1,516,078 ) ​ 3,489,069 ​ ( 212,049 ) Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests ​ 33,026 ​ ( 146,965 ) ​ 139,548 ​ ( 34,185 ) Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Reservoir Media, Inc. ​ $ 3,940,420 ​ $ ( 1,663,043 ) ​ $ 3,628,617 ​ $ ( 246,234 ) ​ See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. ​ 2 Table of Contents RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In U.S. dollars, except share data) (Unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ March 31, ​ 2024 2024 Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ Current assets ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 21,067,735 ​ $ 18,132,015 Accounts receivable ​ 36,241,121 ​ 33,227,382 Current portion of royalty advances ​ 13,014,904 ​ 13,248,008 Inventory and prepaid expenses ​ ​ 6,688,006 ​ ​ 6,300,915 Total current assets ​ ​ 77,011,766 ​ ​ 70,908,320 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Intangible assets, net ​ 637,401,193 ​ 640,222,000 Equity method and other investments ​ 1,564,432 ​ 1,451,924 Royalty advances, net of current portion and reserves ​ ​ 52,562,668 ​ ​ 56,527,557 Property, plant and equipment, net ​ ​ 490,244 ​ 551,410 Operating lease right of use assets, net ​ ​ 6,495,572 ​ ​ 6,988,340 Fair value of swap assets ​ ​ 1,050,383 ​ ​ 5,753,488 Other assets ​ ​ 1,655,577 ​ ​ 1,131,529 Total assets ​ $ 778,231,835 ​ $ 783,534,568 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ​ $ 4,238,471 ​ $ 9,015,939 Royalties payable ​ ​ 44,780,706 ​ ​ 40,395,205 Accrued payroll ​ 1,200,794 ​ 2,043,772 Deferred revenue ​ ​ 2,776,323 ​ ​ 1,163,953 Other current liabilities ​ 2,950,555 ​ 7,313,615 Income taxes payable ​ ​ 100,792 ​ ​ 439,152 Total current liabilities ​ ​ 56,047,641 ​ ​ 60,371,636 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Secured line of credit ​ ​ 324,463,180 ​ ​ 330,791,607 Deferred income taxes ​ ​ 30,536,467 ​ ​ 30,471,978 Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion ​ ​ 6,120,859 ​ ​ 6,720,287 Fair value of swap liability ​ ​ 1,035,471 ​ ​ 121,374 Other liabilities ​ ​ 762,665 ​ ​ 572,705 Total liabilities ​ ​ 418,966,283 ​ ​ 429,049,587 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Contingencies and commitments (Note 15) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shareholders’ Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value 75,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 750,000,000 shares authorized, 65,222,555 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024; 64,826,864 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 ​ ​ 6,523 ​ ​ 6,483 Additional paid-in capital ​ ​ 342,679,813 ​ ​ 341,388,351 Retained earnings ​ ​ 15,236,017 ​ ​ 15,397,657 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ​ ​ ( 7,476 ) ​ ​ ( 3,797,733 ) Total Reservoir Media, Inc. shareholders’ equity ​ ​ 357,914,877 ​ ​ 352,994,758 Noncontrolling interest ​ ​ 1,350,675 ​ ​ 1,490,223 Total shareholders’ equity ​ ​ 359,265,552 ​ ​ 354,484,981 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity ​ $ 778,231,835 ​ $ 783,534,568 ​ See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. ​ ​ ​ 3 Table of Contents RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In U.S. dollars, except share data) (Unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 ​ ​ Common Stock ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated other ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Additional paid-in ​ Retained ​ comprehensive ​ Noncontrolling ​ Shareholders’ ​ Shares Amount capital earnings loss interests equity Balance, March 31, 2024 64,826,864 ​ $ 6,483 ​ $ 341,388,351 ​ $ 15,397,657 ​ $ ( 3,797,733 ) ​ $ 1,490,223 ​ $ 354,484,981 Share-based compensation — ​ — ​ 1,048,520 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 1,048,520 Stock option exercises ​ 3,550 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 18,140 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,140 Vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for employee taxes ​ 248,524 ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ ( 1,432,889 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 1,432,864 ) Reclassification of liability-classified awards to equity-classified awards ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 722,500 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 722,500 Net loss — ​ — ​ — ​ ( 346,655 ) ​ — ​ ( 106,522 ) ​ ( 453,177 ) Other comprehensive income ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 34,852 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 34,852 Balance, June 30, 2024 65,078,938 ​ $ 6,508 ​ $ 341,744,622 ​ $ 15,051,002 ​ $ ( 3,762,881 ) ​ $ 1,383,701 ​ $ 354,422,952 Share-based compensation ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 778,556 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 778,556 Stock option exercises ​ 15,000 ​ ​ 2 ​ ​ 76,647 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 76,649 Vesting of restricted stock units ​ 122,301 ​ ​ 12 ​ ​ ( 12 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Reclassification of liability-classified awards to equity-classified awards ​ 6,316 ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 80,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 80,001 Net income (loss) ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 185,015 ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 33,026 ) ​ ​ 151,989 Other comprehensive income ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,755,405 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,755,405 Balance, September 30, 2024 ​ 65,222,555 ​ $ 6,523 ​ $ 342,679,813 ​ $ 15,236,017 ​ $ ( 7,476 ) ​ $ 1,350,675 ​ $ 359,265,552 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 ​ ​ Common Stock ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated other ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Additional paid-in ​ Retained ​ comprehensive ​ Noncontrolling ​ Shareholders’ ​ Shares Amount capital earnings loss interests equity Balance, March 31, 2023 64,441,244 ​ $ 6,444 ​ $ 338,460,789 ​ $ 14,752,720 ​ $ ( 4,855,329 ) ​ $ 1,297,899 ​ $ 349,662,523 Share-based compensation — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 713,802 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 713,802 Vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for employee taxes ​ 207,733 ​ ​ 21 ​ ​ ( 689,176 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 689,155 ) Reclassification of liability-classified awards to equity-classified awards ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 664,167 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 664,167 Net income (loss) ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 277,333 ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 112,780 ) ​ ​ 164,553 Other comprehensive income — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 1,139,476 ​ — ​ 1,139,476 Balance, June 30, 2023 64,648,977 ​ $ 6,465 ​ $ 339,149,582 ​ $ 15,030,053 ​ $ ( 3,715,853 ) ​ $ 1,185,119 ​ $ 351,655,366 Share-based compensation ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 612,235 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 612,235 Stock option exercises ​ 56,466 ​ ​ 5 ​ ​ 288,537 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 288,542 Vesting of restricted stock units ​ 105,392 ​ ​ 11 ​ ​ ( 11 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Reclassification of liability-classified awards to equity-classified awards ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 80,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 80,000 Net income ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 535,390 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 146,965 ​ ​ 682,355 Other comprehensive loss ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 2,198,433 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 2,198,433 ) Balance, September 30, 2023 64,810,835 ​ $ 6,481 ​ $ 340,130,343 ​ $ 15,565,443 ​ $ ( 5,914,286 ) ​ $ 1,332,084 ​ $ 351,120,065 ​ See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. ​ 4 Table of Contents RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In U.S. dollars) (Unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Six Months Ended September 30, ​ 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities: ​ ​ Net (loss) income ​ $ ( 301,188 ) ​ $ 846,908 Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of intangible assets ​ 12,698,379 ​ 12,152,021 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment ​ 116,397 ​ 118,087 Share-based compensation ​ 2,327,385 ​ 1,727,286 Amortization of deferred financing costs ​ ​ 671,573 ​ ​ 668,544 Loss (gain) on fair value of swaps ​ 5,617,202 ​ ( 2,473,478 ) Loss from equity affiliates ​ ​ 100,000 ​ ​ — Deferred income taxes ​ ( 593,071 ) ​ — Changes in operating assets and liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ Accounts receivable ​ ( 3,013,739 ) ​ 1,998,515 Inventory and prepaid expenses ​ ​ ( 387,091 ) ​ ​ ( 991,896 ) Royalty advances ​ ​ 4,586,077 ​ ​ ( 2,397,607 ) Other assets and liabilities ​ ​ ( 83,163 ) ​ ​ 187,764 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue ​ ​ ( 4,131,674 ) ​ ​ 111,777 Royalties payable ​ ​ 4,602,810 ​ ​ 6,781,972 Income taxes payable ​ ​ ( 338,360 ) ​ ​ 127,030 Net cash provided by operating activities ​ ​ 21,871,537 ​ ​ 18,856,923 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash flows from investing activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases of music catalogs ​ ​ ( 10,546,455 ) ​ ​ ( 32,382,393 ) Investments in affilitates ​ ​ ( 100,000 ) ​ ​ — Purchase of property, plant and equipment ​ ​ ( 55,231 ) ​ ​ ( 133,932 ) Net cash used for investing activities ​ ​ ( 10,701,686 ) ​ ​ ( 32,516,325 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash flows from financing activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Proceeds from secured line of credit ​ ​ 3,000,000 ​ ​ 20,000,000 Repayments of secured line of credit ​ ​ ( 10,000,000 ) ​ ​ — Proceeds from stock option exercises ​ ​ 94,787 ​ ​ 288,542 Taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units ​ ​ ( 1,432,864 ) ​ ​ ( 689,155 ) Deferred financing costs paid ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 25,914 ) Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities ​ ​ ( 8,338,077 ) ​ ​ 19,573,473 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign exchange impact on cash ​ ​ 103,946 ​ ​ ( 260,651 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Increase in cash and cash equivalents ​ ​ 2,935,720 ​ ​ 5,653,420 Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period ​ ​ 18,132,015 ​ ​ 14,902,076 Cash and cash equivalents end of period ​ $ 21,067,735 ​ $ 20,555,496 ​ See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. ​ ​ 5 Table of Contents NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Reservoir Media, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), is an independent music company based in New York City, New York and with offices in Los Angeles, Nashville, Toronto, London and Abu Dhabi. Following a business combination between Roth CH Acquisition II Co. (“ ROCC ”) and Reservoir Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ RHI ”), on July 28, 2021 (the “ Business Combination ”), the Company’s legal name became “Reservoir Media, Inc.” The common stock, $ 0.0001 par value per share, of the Company (the “ Common Stock ”) and warrants are traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“ NASDAQ ”) under the ticker symbols “RSVR” and “RSVRW,” respectively. The Company is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its business operations through a subsidiary of RHI, Reservoir Media Management, Inc. (“ RMM ”), and RMM’s subsidiaries The Company’s activities are organized into two operating segments: Music Publishing and Recorded Music. Operations of the Music Publishing segment involve the acquisition of interests in music catalogs from which royalties are earned as well as signing songwriters to exclusive agreements which give the Company an interest in the future delivery of songs. The publishing catalog includes ownership or control rights to more than 150,000 musical compositions that span across historic pieces, motion picture scores and current award-winning hits. Operations of the Recorded Music segment include the ownership of over 36,000 sound recordings and involve the acquisition of sound recording catalogs as well as the discovery and development of recording artists and the marketing, distribution, sale and licensing of the music catalog. NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and its majority-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) for interim financial information. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in these condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures typically included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“ US GAAP ”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The condensed consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of March 31, 2024, included herein, was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures, including certain notes required by US GAAP on an annual reporting basis. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter, the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025 or any other period. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates are used for, but not limited to, determining useful lives of intangible assets, intangible asset recoverability and impairment and accrued revenue. Actual results could differ from these estimates. ​ NOTE 3. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“ FASB ”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ ASU ”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ ASU 2023-09 ”), which expands income tax disclosures, including requiring enhanced disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods of public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and for annual periods of entities other than public entities beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on its disclosures upon adoption. 6 Table of Contents In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ ASU 2023-07 ”), which expands segment disclosures for public entities, including requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“ CODM ”), the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. ASU 2023-07 also expands disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets in interim periods and clarifies that a public entity may report additional measures of segment profit if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 does not remove existing segment disclosure requirements or change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or determines its reportable segments. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of ASU 2023-07 will have on its disclosures upon adoption. ​ ​ NOTE 4. REVENUE RECOGNITION For the Company’s operating segments, Music Publishing and Recorded Music, the Company accounts for a contract when it has legally enforceable rights and obligations and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company identifies the performance obligations and determines the transaction price associated with the contract. Revenue is recognized when, or as, control of the promised services or goods is transferred to the Company’s customers, and in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company is contractually due in exchange for those services or goods. Certain of the Company’s arrangements include licenses of intellectual property with consideration in the form of sales- and usage-based royalties. Royalty revenue is recognized when the subsequent sale or usage occurs using the best estimates available of the amounts that will be received by the Company. The Company recognized revenue of $ 4,211,373 and $ 3,571,968 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ​ Disaggregation of Revenue The Company’s revenue consisted of the following categories during the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended September 30, ​ Six Months Ended September 30, ​ 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenue by Type ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Digital ​ $ 15,588,247 ​ $ 12,755,372 ​ $ 30,222,950 ​ $ 24,655,889 Performance ​ 5,083,736 ​ 6,493,505 ​ 10,218,162 ​ 11,008,409 Synchronization ​ 5,820,495 ​ 4,467,826 ​ 8,631,512 ​ 7,500,525 Mechanical ​ 1,090,033 ​ 1,251,662 ​ 1,759,006 ​ 1,811,309 Other ​ 1,013,389 ​ 939,697 ​ 1,764,563 ​ 1,723,245 Total Music Publishing ​ ​ 28,595,900 ​ ​ 25,908,062 ​ ​ 52,596,193 ​ ​ 46,699,377 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Digital ​ 7,211,063 ​ 7,264,540 ​ 13,769,233 ​ 12,887,189 Physical ​ 1,503,678 ​ 1,892,387 ​ 2,856,019 ​ 5,466,938 Neighboring rights ​ 1,079,937 ​ 802,398 ​ 2,186,287 ​ 1,661,545 Synchronization ​ 897,844 ​ 868,154 ​ 1,511,487 ​ 1,196,444 Total Recorded Music ​ ​ 10,692,522 ​ ​ 10,827,479 ​ ​ 20,323,026 ​ ​ 21,212,116 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other revenue ​ ​ 1,378,971 ​ ​ 1,661,759 ​ ​ 2,065,017 ​ ​ 2,322,393 Total revenue ​ $ 40,667,393 ​ $ 38,397,300 ​ $ 74,984,236 ​ $ 70,233,886 ​ 7 Table of Contents ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended September 30, ​ Six Months Ended September 30, ​ 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenue by Geographical Location ​ ​ ​ ​ United States Music Publishing ​ $ 16,122,945 ​ $ 14,371,352 ​ $ 29,912,137 ​ $ 27,372,346 United States Recorded Music ​ 6,046,574 ​ 5,882,700 ​ 11,743,204 ​ 11,407,463 United States other revenue ​ 1,378,971 ​ 1,661,759 ​ ​ 2,065,017 ​ 2,322,393 Total United States ​ 23,548,490 ​ 21,915,811 ​ 43,720,358 ​ 41,102,202 International Music Publishing ​ 12,472,955 ​ 11,536,710 ​ 22,684,056 ​ 19,327,031 International Recorded Music ​ 4,645,948 ​ 4,944,779 ​ 8,579,822 ​ 9,804,653 Total International ​ 17,118,903 ​ 16,481,489 ​ 31,263,878 ​ 29,131,684 Total revenue ​ $ 40,667,393 ​ $ 38,397,300 ​ $ 74,984,236 ​ $ 70,233,886 ​ Only the United States represented 10 % or more of the Company’s total revenues in the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Deferred Revenue The following table reflects the change in deferred revenue during the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period ​ $ 1,163,953 ​ $ 2,151,889 Cash received during period ​ 4,338,182 ​ 2,719,181 Revenue recognized during period ​ ( 2,725,812 ) ​ ( 2,321,643 ) Balance at end of period ​ $ 2,776,323 ​ $ 2,549,427 ​ ​ NOTE 5. ACQUISITIONS In the ordinary course of business, the Company regularly acquires publishing and recorded music catalogs, which are typically accounted for as asset acquisitions. During the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company completed such acquisitions totaling $ 6,288,326 and $ 31,303,370 , respectively, inclusive of deferred acquisition payments, none of which were individually significant. NOTE 6. INTANGIBLE ASSETS Intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following as of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, 2024 March 31, 2024 Intangible assets subject to amortization: ​ ​ Publishing and recorded music catalogs ​ $ 780,290,647 $ 769,648,966 Artist management contracts ​ 967,397 911,740 Gross intangible assets ​ 781,258,044 ​ 770,560,706 Accumulated amortization ​ ( 143,856,851 ) ​ ( 130,338,706 ) Intangible assets, net ​ $ 637,401,193 ​ $ 640,222,000 ​ Straight-line amortization expense totaled $ 6,371,516 and $ 6,154,509 in the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Straight-line amortization expense totaled $ 12,698,379 and $ 12,152,021 in the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ​ NOTE 7. ROYALTY ADVANCES The Company made royalty advances totaling $ 8,020,707 and $ 8,969,170 during the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, recoupable from the writer’s or artist’s share of future royalties otherwise payable, in varying amounts. Advances expected to be recouped within the next twelve months are classified as current assets, with the remainder classified as noncurrent assets, net of reserves for amounts that may not be recoverable. 8 Table of Contents The following table reflects the change in royalty advances, net during the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period ​ $ 69,775,565 ​ $ 66,926,500 Additions ​ 8,020,707 ​ 8,969,170 Recoupments ​ ( 12,606,784 ) ​ ( 6,496,403 ) Foreign currency translation ​ ​ 388,084 ​ ​ ( 75,160 ) Balance at end of period ​ $ 65,577,572 ​ $ 69,324,107 ​ ​ NOTE 8. SECURED LINE OF CREDIT Long-term debt consists of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, 2024 March 31, 2024 Secured line of credit ​ $ 328,828,409 ​ $ 335,828,410 Debt issuance costs, net ​ ( 4,365,229 ) ​ ( 5,036,803 ) ​ ​ $ 324,463,180 ​ $ 330,791,607 ​ Credit Facilities RMM is party to a credit agreement (as amended or supplemented from time to time, the “ RMM Credit Agreement ”) governing RMM’s $ 450,000,000 senior secured revolving credit facility (the “ Senior Credit Facility ”). The Senior Credit Facility also includes an “accordion feature” that permits RMM to seek additional commitments in an amount not to exceed $ 150,000,000 . The maturity date of the loans advanced under the Senior Credit Facility is December 16, 2027. The interest rate on borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility is equal to, at our option, either (i) the sum of a base rate plus a margin of 1.00 % or (ii) the sum of a SOFR rate plus a margin of 2.00 %, in each case subject to a 0.25 % increase based on a consolidated net senior debt to library value ratio. RMM is also required to pay an unused fee in respect of unused commitments under the Senior Credit Facility, if any, at a rate of 0.25 % per annum. Substantially all tangible and intangible assets of the Company, RHI, RMM and the other subsidiary guarantors are pledged as collateral to secure the obligations of RMM under the RMM Credit Agreement. The RMM Credit Agreement contains customary covenants limiting the ability of the Company, RHI, RMM and certain of its subsidiaries to, among other things, incur debt or liens, merge or consolidate with others, make investments, make cash dividends, redeem or repurchase capital stock, dispose of assets, enter into transactions with affiliates or enter into certain restrictive agreements. In addition, the Company, on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries, must comply with financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain (i) a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 :1.00 for each four fiscal quarter period, and (ii) a consolidated senior debt to library value ratio of 0.45 :1.00, subject to certain adjustments. If RMM does not comply with the covenants in the RMM Credit Agreement, the lenders may, subject to customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2024, the Senior Credit Facility had a borrowing capacity of $ 450,000,000 , with remaining borrowing availability of $ 121,171,591 . Interest Rate Swaps As of September 30, 2024, RMM had the following interest rate swaps outstanding, under which it pays a fixed rate and receives a floating interest payment from the counterparty based on SOFR with reference to notional amounts adjusted to match the amended scheduled principal repayments pursuant to the Senior Credit Facility: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Notional ​ Pay ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount at ​ Fixed ​ ​ Effective Date September 30, 2024 Rate Maturity September 30, 2024 ​ $ 100,000,000 ​ 2.946 % December 2027 September 30, 2024 ​ $ 50,000,000 3.961 % December 2027 ​ 9 Table of Contents On September 30, 2024, three previous interest rate swaps expired with original notional amounts of $ 8,875,000 , $ 88,098,862 and $ 53,030,237 . Through the expiration date of these previous interest rate swaps, RMM paid fixed rates of 1.53 %, 1.422 % and 0.972 %, respectively, to the counterparty and received a floating interest payment from the counterparty based on SOFR with reference to notional amounts adjusted to match the original scheduled principal repayments pursuant to the indenture agreement. ​ NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES Income tax (benefit) expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $( 152,593 ) and $ 291,638 , respectively. Income tax (benefit) expense for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $( 446,561 ) and $ 353,986 , respectively. Income tax benefit during the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 reflect excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation. Additionally, during the six months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded an incremental tax benefit of approximately $ 103,000 to its deferred tax liabilities related to certain international intangible assets. The income tax (benefit) expense during these periods also reflects the amount and mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions. NOTE 10. SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION Interest paid and income taxes paid for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2024 2023 Interest paid ​ $ 11,562,660 ​ $ 9,136,713 Income taxes paid ​ $ 482,341 ​ $ 187,940 ​ Non-cash investing and financing activities for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2024 2023 Acquired intangible assets included in other liabilities ​ $ 896,275 ​ $ 1,823,691 Reclassification of liability-classified awards to equity-classified awards ​ $ 802,500 ​ $ 744,167 ​ ​ NOTE 11. WARRANTS As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s outstanding warrants included 5,750,000 publicly-traded warrants (the “ Public Warrants ”), which were issued during ROCC’s initial public offering on December 15, 2020, and 137,500 warrants sold in a private placement to ROCC’s sponsor (the “ Private Warrants ” and together with the Public Warrants, the “ Warrants ”), which were assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination and exchanged into warrants for shares of Common Stock. Each whole Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one whole share of Common Stock at a price of $ 11.50 per share, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder. The Warrants will expire on July 28, 2026, which is five years after the completion of the Business Combination, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants in whole, but not in part, at a price of $ 0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days ’ prior written notice of redemption, if and only if the last sale price of Common Stock equals or exceeds $ 18.00 per share for any 20 -trading days within a 30 -trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the registered holders. NOTE 12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION Share-based compensation expense totaled $ 1,053,711 ($ 819,235 , net of taxes) and $ 812,860 ($ 626,014 , net of taxes) during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Share-based compensation expense totaled $ 2,327,385 ($ 1,809,487 , net of taxes) and $ 1,727,286 ($ 1,330,249 , net of taxes) during the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Share-based compensation expense is classified as “Administration expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income. During the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted restricted stock units (“ RSUs ”) to satisfy previous obligations to issue a variable number of equity awards based on a fixed monetary amount. Prior to the issuance of these RSUs, the 10 Table of Contents Company classified these awards as liabilities. Upon issuance of the RSU’s the awards became equity-classified as they no longer met the criteria to be liability-classified and as a result liabilities of $ 802,500 and $ 744,167 were reclassified from accounts payable and accrued liabilities to additional paid-in capital during the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. NOTE 13. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share calculation for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended ​ Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ September 30, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2024 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic earnings (loss) per common share ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income (loss) attributable to Reservoir Media, Inc. ​ $ 185,015 ​ $ 535,390 ​ $ ( 161,640 ) ​ $ 812,723 Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic ​ 65,186,357 ​ 64,783,974 ​ 65,079,114 ​ 64,684,082 Earnings (loss) per common share - basic ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Diluted earnings (loss) per common share ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income (loss) attributable to Reservoir Media, Inc. ​ $ 185,015 ​ $ 535,390 ​ $ ( 161,640 ) ​ $ 812,723 Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic ​ 65,186,357 ​ 64,783,974 ​ 65,079,114 ​ 64,684,082 Weighted average effect of potentially dilutive securities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Effect of dilutive stock options and RSUs ​ 650,916 ​ 301,680 ​ — ​ 347,406 Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted ​ ​ 65,837,273 ​ ​ 65,085,654 ​ ​ 65,079,114 ​ ​ 65,031,488 Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 ​ $ — ​ $ 0.01 ​ Because of their anti-dilutive effect, 5,919,682 shares of Common Stock equivalents, comprised of 32,182 RSUs and 5,887,500 warrants have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Because of their anti-dilutive effect, 7,747,739 shares of Common Stock equivalents, comprised of 1,262,332 stock options, 597,907 RSUs and 5,887,500 warrants have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the six months ended September 30, 2024. Because of their anti-dilutive effect, 5,960,637 shares of Common Stock equivalents, comprised of 73,137 RSUs and 5,887,500 warrants have been excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023. ​ NOTE 14. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The Company is exposed to the following risks related to its financial instruments: (a) Credit Risk Credit risk arises from the possibility that the Company’s debtors may be unable to fulfill their financial obligations. Revenues earned from publishing and distribution companies are concentrated in the music and entertainment industry. The Company monitors its exposure to credit risk on a regular basis. (b) Interest Rate Risk The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on its Senior Credit Facility. As described in Note 8, “ Secured Line of Credit, ” the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to partially reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on its Credit Facilities. 11 Table of Contents The fair value of the outstanding interest rate swaps consisted of a $ 1,050,383 asset and a $ 1,035,471 liability as of September 30, 2024 and a $ 5,753,488 asset and a $ 121,374 liability as of March 31, 2024. Fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs, which are based on quoted prices and market observable data, including changes in SOFR, of similar instruments. The change in the unrealized fair value of the swaps during the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 of $ 5,126,907 and $ 5,617,202 , respectively, was driven primarily by the September 2024 decrease in SOFR, as well as the time value of the swaps that expired on September 30, 2024, and was recorded as a Loss on fair value of swaps. The change in the unrealized fair value of the swaps during the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 of $ 628,091 and $ 2,473,478 , respectively, was recorded as a Gain on fair value of swaps. (c) Foreign Exchange Risk The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk in fluctuations of currency rates on its revenue from royalties, writers’ fees and its subsidiaries’ operations. (d) Financial Instruments Financial instruments not described elsewhere include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and the Company’s secured line of credit. The carrying values of these instruments as of September 30, 2024 do not differ materially from their respective fair values due to the immediate or short-term duration of these items or their bearing market-related rates of interest. NOTE 15. CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS (a) Litigation The Company is subject to claims and contingencies in the normal course of business. To the extent the Company cannot predict the outcome of the claims and contingencies or estimate the amount of any loss that may result, no provision for any contingent liabilities has been made in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company believes that losses resulting from these matters, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. All such matters which the Company concludes are probable to result in a loss and for which management can reasonably estimate the amount of such loss have been accrued for within these condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company had been involved in a royalty dispute, which commenced in 2017 (the “Royalty Dispute”). Under the terms of the Company’s royalty contract, the Company is indemnified for legal expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred by the Company in connection with the Royalty Dispute, including, without limitation, the right to withhold royalties or offset all such legal expenses and attorneys’ fees against royalties otherwise owed under the contract. The Company recorded legal expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred as recoupable advances against the royalty account under such contract beginning in 2017. In September 2023, the Company engaged in mediation sessions in an effort to reach a settlement of the Royalty Dispute. Following such mediation and associated settlement negotiations, the Company agreed to pay previously accrued but unpaid royalties plus interest and forego its right to recoup its historical legal expenses and attorneys’ fees in order to resolve the Royalty Dispute. Consequently, during the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $ 2,700,000 of Administration expenses to write-off recoupable legal expenses and attorneys’ fees and recorded $ 620,000 of interest expense based on amounts it paid in October 2023, pursuant to a final settlement agreement reached on October 3, 2023 to resolve the Royalty Dispute. ​ NOTE 16. SEGMENT REPORTING The Company’s business is organized in two reportable segments: Music Publishing and Recorded Music. The Company identified its Chief Executive Officer as its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“ CODM ”). The Company’s CODM evaluates financial performance of its segments based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is operating income before depreciation and amortization (“ OIBDA ”). The accounting policies of the Company’s business segments are consistent with the Company’s policies for the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not have sales between segments. 12 Table of Contents The following tables present total revenue and reconciliation of OIBDA to operating income by segment for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 ​ ​ Music ​ Recorded ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Publishing Music Other Consolidated Total revenue ​ $ 28,595,900 ​ $ 10,692,522 ​ $ 1,378,971 ​ $ 40,667,393 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Reconciliation of OIBDA to operating income: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income ​ ​ 6,451,404 ​ 3,508,387 ​ 162,235 ​ ​ 10,122,026 Amortization and depreciation ​ 4,509,124 ​ 1,896,248 ​ 24,647 ​ 6,430,019 OIBDA ​ $ 10,960,528 ​ $ 5,404,635 ​ $ 186,882 ​ $ 16,552,045 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 ​ Music Recorded ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Publishing ​ Music ​ Other ​ Consolidated Total revenue ​ $ 25,908,062 ​ $ 10,827,479 ​ $ 1,661,759 ​ $ 38,397,300 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Reconciliation of OIBDA to operating income: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income ​ 1,410,522 ​ 4,129,816 ​ 604,752 ​ 6,145,090 Amortization and depreciation ​ 4,791,759 ​ 1,398,966 ​ 23,815 ​ 6,214,540 OIBDA ​ $ 6,202,281 ​ $ 5,528,782 ​ $ 628,567 ​ $ 12,359,630 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 ​ ​ Music ​ Recorded ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Publishing Music Other Consolidated Total revenue ​ $ 52,596,193 ​ $ 20,323,026 ​ $ 2,065,017 ​ $ 74,984,236 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Reconciliation of OIBDA to operating income: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income ​ ​ 8,633,826 ​ 6,199,665 ​ 250,068 ​ ​ 15,083,559 Amortization and depreciation ​ 9,110,252 ​ 3,656,070 ​ 48,454 ​ 12,814,776 OIBDA ​ $ 17,744,078 ​ $ 9,855,735 ​ $ 298,522 ​ $ 27,898,335 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 ​ ​ Music ​ Recorded ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Publishing Music Other Consolidated Total revenue ​ $ 46,699,377 ​ $ 21,212,116 ​ $ 2,322,393 ​ $ 70,233,886 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Reconciliation of OIBDA to operating income: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income ​ ​ 2,806,994 ​ 5,893,612 ​ 589,405 ​ ​ 9,290,011 Amortization and depreciation ​ ​ 9,094,603 ​ 3,128,118 ​ 47,387 ​ 12,270,108 OIBDA ​ $ 11,901,597 ​ $ 9,021,730 ​ $ 636,792 ​ $ 21,560,119 ​ ​ ​ 13 Table of Contents Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following discussion and analysis of Reservoir Media, Inc.’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Reservoir Media, Inc.’s condensed consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “ Quarterly Report ”). Certain statements contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below include forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected and projected. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “ we ,” “ us ,” “ our, ” the “ Company ” and “ Reservoir ” refer collectively to Reservoir Media, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This Quarterly Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), that are not historical facts, and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor created thereby. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report including, without limitation, statements in this “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” regarding the Company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “goal,” “intend,” “continue,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “shall,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “estimate,” “seek” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management’s current expectations, projections and beliefs based on information currently available. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about the Company that may cause its actual business, financial condition, results of operations, performance and/or achievements to be materially different from any future business, financial condition, results of operations, performance and/or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those described under “ Risk Factors ” and “ Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements ” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “ Annual Report ”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) on May 30, 2024 and the Company’s other filings with the SEC. The Company’s securities filings can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov . Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Introduction We are a holding company that conducts substantially all of our business operations through Reservoir Media Management, Inc. (“ RMM ”) and RMM’s subsidiaries. Our activities are generally organized into two operating segments: Music Publishing and Recorded Music. Operations of the Music Publishing segment involve the acquisition of interests in music catalogs from which royalties are earned as well as signing songwriters to exclusive agreements, which gives us an interest in the future delivery of songs. Operations of the Recorded Music segment involve the acquisition of sound recording catalogs as well as the discovery and development of recording artists and the marketing, distribution, sale and licensing of the music catalogs. Business Overview We are an independent music company operating in music publishing and recorded music. We represent over 150,000 copyrights in our publishing business and over 36,000 master recordings in our recorded music business. Both of our business areas are populated with hit songs dating back to the early 1900s representing an array of artists across genre and geography. Consistent with how we classify and operate our business, our company is organized in two operating and reportable segments: Music Publishing and Recorded Music. A brief description of each segment’s operations is presented below. Music Publishing Segment Music Publishing is an intellectual property business focused on generating revenue from uses of the musical composition itself. In return for promoting, placing, marketing and administering the creative output of a songwriter or engaging in those activities for other rightsholders, our Music Publishing business garners a share of the revenues generated from use of the musical compositions. 14 Table of Contents The operations of our Music Publishing business are conducted principally through RMM, our global music publishing company headquartered in New York City, with operations in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, affiliates and non-affiliated licensees and sub-publishers. We own or control rights to more than 150,000 musical compositions, including numerous pop hits, American standards, folk songs and motion picture and theatrical compositions. Assembled over many years, our current award-winning active songwriters exceed 100, while the catalog includes over 5,000 clients representing a diverse range of genres, including pop, rock, jazz, classical, country, R&B, hip-hop, rap, reggae, Latin, folk, blues, symphonic, soul, Broadway, techno, alternative and gospel. Music Publishing revenues are derived from five main sources: ● Digital ––the rightsholder receives revenues with respect to musical compositions embodied in recordings distributed in streaming services, download services and other digital music services; ● Performance ––the rightsholder receives revenues if the musical composition is performed publicly through broadcast of music on television, radio and cable and in retail locations ( e.g. , bars and restaurants), live performance at a concert or other venue ( e.g. , arena concerts and nightclubs), and performance of music in staged theatrical productions; ● Synchronization ––the rightsholder receives revenues for the right to use the musical composition in combination with visual images such as in films or television programs, television commercials and video games; ● Mechanical ––the rightsholder receives revenues with respect to musical compositions embodied in recordings sold in any machine-readable format or configuration such as vinyl, CDs and DVDs; and ● Other ––the rightsholder receives revenues for use in sheet music and other uses. The principal costs associated with our Music Publishing business are as follows: ● Writer Royalties and Other Publishing Costs ––the artist and repertoire (“ A&R ”) costs associated with (i) paying royalties to songwriters, co-publishers and other copyright holders in connection with income generated from the uses of their works and (ii) signing and developing songwriters; and ● Administration Expenses ––the costs associated with general overhead, and other administrative expenses, as well as selling and marketing. Recorded Music Segment Our Recorded Music business consists of three primary areas of sound recording ownership. First is the active marketing, promotion, distribution, sale and licensing of newly created frontline sound recordings from Current Artists that we own and control. This is a new area of focus for us and does not yet produce significant revenue. The second is the active marketing, promotion, distribution, sale and license of previously recorded and subsequently acquired Catalog recordings. The third is acquisition of full or partial interests in existing record labels, sound recording catalogs or income rights to a royalty stream associated with an established recording artist or producer contract in connection with existing sound recordings. Acquisition of these income participation interests are typically in connection with recordings that are owned, controlled, and marketed by other record labels. Our Current Artist and Catalog recorded music businesses are both primarily managed by our Chrysalis Records label based in London and our Tommy Boy record label based in New York City. We also manage some select Catalog recorded music under our Philly Groove Records and Reservoir Records labels. We also own income participation interests in recordings by The Isley Brothers, The Commodores, Wisin and Yandel, Alabama and Travis Tritt, and an interest in the Loud Records catalog containing recordings by the Wu-Tang Clan. Our core Catalog includes recordings under the Chrysalis Records label by artists such as Sinéad O’Connor, The Specials, Generation X and The Waterboys, and De La Soul, as well as recordings under the Tommy Boy record label by artists such as House of Pain, Naughty By Nature, and Queen Latifah. Our Current Artist and Catalog recorded music distribution is managed by a network of distribution partners. Chrysalis Records current frontline releases are distributed through Secretly Distribution, with prior frontline releases distributed via PIAS. Chrysalis Records and Tommy Boy catalogs are distributed via our agreements with MERLIN, AMPED, Proper and other partners. 15 Table of Contents Through our distribution network, our music is being sold in physical retail outlets as well as in physical form to online physical retailers, such as amazon.com, and distributed in digital form to an expanding universe of digital partners, including streaming services such as Amazon, Apple, Deezer, SoundCloud, Spotify, Tencent Music Entertainment Group and YouTube, radio services such as iHeart Radio and SiriusXM, and download services. We also license music digitally to fitness platforms such as Apple Fitness+, Equinox, Hydrow and Peloton and social media outlets, such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and Snap. Recorded Music revenues are derived from four main sources: ● Digital ––the rightsholder receives revenues with respect to streaming and download services; ● Physical ––the rightsholder receives revenues with respect to sales of physical products such as vinyl, CDs and DVDs; ● Neighboring Rights ––the rightsholder receives royalties if sound recordings are performed publicly through broadcast of music on television, radio, and cable, and in public spaces such as shops, workplaces, restaurants, bars and clubs; and ● Synchronization ––the rightsholder receives royalties or fees for the right to use sound recordings in combination with visual images such as in films or television programs, television commercials and video games. The principal costs associated with our Recorded Music business are as follows: ● Artist Royalties and Other Recorded Costs ––the A&R costs associated with (i) paying royalties to recording artists, producers, songwriters, other copyright holders and trade unions, (ii) signing and developing recording artists and (iii) creating master recordings in the studio; and product costs to manufacture, package and distribute products to wholesale and retail distribution outlets; and ● Administration Expenses ––the costs associated with general overhead and other administrative expenses as well as costs associated of selling and marketing. Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“ U.S. GAAP ” or “ GAAP ”). However, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also contains certain non-GAAP financial measures to assist readers in understanding our performance. Non-GAAP financial measures either exclude or include amounts that are not reflected in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, we have provided the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, a reconciliation to GAAP measures and a discussion of the reasons why management believes this information is useful to it and may be useful to investors. 16 Table of Contents Results of Operations Income Statement Our income statement was composed of the following amounts (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Revenues ​ $ 40,667 ​ $ 38,397 ​ $ 2,270 ​ 6 % $ 74,984 ​ $ 70,234 ​ $ 4,750 ​ 7 % Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of revenue ​ 14,831 ​ 14,443 ​ 389 3 % ​ 28,112 ​ ​ 27,914 ​ ​ 198 ​ 1 % Amortization and depreciation ​ ​ 6,430 ​ ​ 6,215 ​ ​ 215 ​ 3 % ​ 12,815 ​ ​ 12,270 ​ ​ 545 ​ 4 % Administration expenses ​ ​ 9,284 ​ ​ 11,595 ​ ​ (2,311) ​ (20) % ​ 18,973 ​ ​ 20,760 ​ ​ (1,786) ​ (9) % Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 30,545 ​ ​ 32,252 ​ ​ (1,707) ​ (5) % ​ 59,901 ​ ​ 60,944 ​ ​ (1,043) ​ (2) % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income ​ ​ 10,122 ​ ​ 6,145 ​ ​ 3,977 ​ 65 % ​ 15,084 ​ ​ 9,290 ​ ​ 5,794 ​ 62 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest expense ​ ​ (4,960) ​ ​ (5,760) ​ ​ 799 ​ (14) % ​ (10,020) ​ ​ (10,493) ​ ​ 473 ​ (5) % Loss on foreign exchange ​ ​ (36) ​ ​ (40) ​ ​ 4 ​ (9) % ​ (96) ​ ​ (70) ​ ​ (26) ​ 37 % (Loss) gain on fair value of swaps ​ ​ (5,127) ​ ​ 628 ​ ​ (5,755) ​ NM ​ ​ (5,617) ​ ​ 2,473 ​ ​ (8,091) ​ NM ​ Other income (expense), net ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1 ​ NM ​ ​ (98) ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ (99) ​ NM ​ (Loss) income before income taxes ​ (1) ​ 974 ​ (974) (100) % ​ (748) ​ ​ 1,201 ​ (1,949) (162) % Income tax (benefit) expense ​ ​ (153) ​ ​ 292 ​ ​ (444) ​ (152) % ​ (447) ​ ​ 354 ​ ​ (801) ​ NM ​ Net income (loss) ​ 152 ​ 682 ​ (530) (78) % ​ (301) ​ ​ 847 ​ (1,148) (136) % Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests ​ 33 ​ (147) ​ 180 (122) % ​ 140 ​ ​ (34) ​ 174 NM ​ Net income (loss) attributable to Reservoir Media, Inc. ​ $ 185 ​ $ 535 ​ $ (350) (65) % $ (162) ​ $ 813 ​ $ (974) (120) % ​ NM – Not meaningful 17 Table of Contents Revenues Our revenues were composed of the following amounts (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change ​ Revenue by Type ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Digital ​ $ 15,588 ​ $ 12,755 ​ $ 2,833 22 % $ 30,223 ​ $ 24,656 ​ $ 5,567 ​ 23 % Performance ​ 5,084 ​ 6,494 ​ (1,410) (22) % 10,218 ​ 11,008 ​ (790) ​ (7) % Synchronization ​ 5,820 ​ 4,468 ​ 1,353 30 % 8,632 ​ 7,501 ​ 1,131 ​ 15 % Mechanical ​ 1,090 ​ 1,252 ​ (162) (13) % 1,759 ​ 1,811 ​ (52) ​ (3) % Other ​ 1,013 ​ 940 ​ 74 8 % 1,765 ​ 1,723 ​ 41 ​ 2 % Total Music Publishing ​ 28,596 ​ 25,908 ​ 2,688 10 % 52,596 ​ 46,699 ​ 5,897 ​ 13 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Digital ​ 7,211 ​ 7,265 ​ (53) (1) % 13,769 ​ 12,887 ​ 882 ​ 7 % Physical ​ 1,504 ​ 1,892 ​ (389) (21) % 2,856 ​ 5,467 ​ (2,611) ​ (48) % Neighboring rights ​ 1,080 ​ 802 ​ 278 35 % 2,186 ​ 1,662 ​ 525 ​ 32 % Synchronization ​ 898 ​ 868 ​ 30 3 % 1,511 ​ 1,196 ​ 315 ​ 26 % Total Recorded Music ​ 10,693 ​ 10,827 ​ (135) (1) % 20,323 ​ 21,212 ​ (889) ​ (4) % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other revenue ​ 1,379 ​ 1,662 ​ (283) (17) % 2,065 ​ 2,322 ​ (257) ​ (11) % Total Revenue ​ $ 40,667 ​ $ 38,397 ​ $ 2,270 6 % $ 74,984 ​ $ 70,234 ​ $ 4,750 ​ 7 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change ​ Revenue by Geographical Location ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. Music Publishing ​ $ 16,123 ​ $ 14,371 ​ $ 1,752 12 % $ 29,912 ​ $ 27,372 ​ $ 2,540 ​ 9 % U.S. Recorded Music ​ 6,047 ​ 5,883 ​ 164 3 % 11,743 ​ 11,407 ​ 336 ​ 3 % U.S. Other Revenue ​ 1,379 ​ 1,662 ​ (283) (17) % 2,065 ​ 2,322 ​ (257) ​ (11) % Total U.S. ​ 23,548 ​ 21,916 ​ 1,633 7 % 43,720 ​ 41,102 ​ 2,618 ​ 6 % International Music Publishing ​ 12,473 ​ 11,537 ​ 936 8 % 22,684 ​ 19,327 ​ 3,357 ​ 17 % International Recorded Music ​ 4,646 ​ 4,945 ​ (299) (6) % 8,580 ​ 9,805 ​ (1,225) ​ (12) % Total International ​ 17,119 ​ 16,481 ​ 637 4 % 31,264 ​ 29,132 ​ 2,132 ​ 7 % Total Revenue $ 40,667 ​ $ 38,397 ​ $ 2,270 6 % $ 74,984 ​ $ 70,234 ​ $ 4,750 ​ 7 % ​ Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Total revenues increased by $2,270 thousand, or 6%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, driven by a 10% increase in Music Publishing revenue, partially offset by a 1% decrease in Recorded Music revenue. Music Publishing revenues represented 70% and 67% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and the three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Recorded Music revenues represented 26% and 28% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and the three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. U.S. and international revenues represented 58% and 42%, respectively, of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024. U.S. and international revenues represented 57% and 43%, respectively, of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Total digital revenues increased by $2,779 thousand, or 14%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to price increases at multiple music streaming services, as well as the impact of catalog acquisitions. Total digital revenues represented 56% and 52% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and the three months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. 18 Table of Contents Music Publishing revenues increased by $2,688 thousand, or 10%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. This increase in Music Publishing revenue was mainly driven by acquisitions of catalogs and revenue from the existing catalog, which benefitted from price increases at multiple music streaming services that contributed to an increase in digital revenue. Additionally, synchronization revenue increased during the three months ended September 30, 2024, driven primarily by the timing of licenses. These factors were partially offset by decreases in performance revenue, partially due to the timing of hit songs, and mechanical revenue. On a geographic basis, U.S. Music Publishing revenues represented 56% of total Music Publishing revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 55% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. International Music Publishing revenues represented 44% of total Music Publishing revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 45% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Recorded Music revenues decreased by $135 thousand, or 1%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in Recorded Music revenue reflects a decrease in physical revenue after robust sales of new De La Soul releases in 2023. The decrease in physical revenue was partially offset by an increase in neighboring rights revenue. On a geographic basis, U.S. Recorded Music revenues represented 57% of total Recorded Music revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 54% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. International Recorded Music revenues represented 43% of total Recorded Music revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 46% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Total revenues increased by $4,750 thousand, or 7%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023, driven by a 13% increase in Music Publishing revenue, partially offset by a 4% decrease in Recorded Music revenue. Music Publishing revenues represented 70% and 66% of total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and the six months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Recorded Music revenues represented 27% and 30% of total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and the six months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. U.S. and international revenues represented 58% and 42%, respectively, of total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024. U.S. and international revenues represented 59% and 41%, respectively, of total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2023. Total digital revenues increased by $6,449 thousand, or 17%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to price increases at multiple music streaming services, as well as the impact of catalog acquisitions. Total digital revenues represented 59% and 53% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and the six months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Music Publishing revenues increased by $5,897 thousand, or 13%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. This increase in Music Publishing revenue was mainly driven by acquisitions of catalogs and revenue from the existing catalog, which benefitted from price increases at multiple music streaming services that contributed to an increase in digital revenue. Additionally, synchronization revenue increased during the six months ended September 30, 2024, driven primarily by the timing of licenses. These factors were partially offset by a decrease in performance revenue, partially due to the timing of hit songs. On a geographic basis, U.S. Music Publishing revenues represented 57% of total Music Publishing revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 59% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. International Music Publishing revenues represented 43% of total Music Publishing revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 41% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. Recorded Music revenues decreased by $889 thousand, or 4%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in Recorded Music revenue reflects a decrease in physical revenue after robust sales of new De La Soul releases in 2023. The decrease in physical revenue was partially offset by continued growth at music streaming services and price increases at multiple music streaming services, as well as increases in neighboring rights revenue and synchronization revenue. 19 Table of Contents On a geographic basis, U.S. Recorded Music revenues represented 58% of total Recorded Music revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 54% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. International Recorded Music revenues represented 42% of total Recorded Music revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 46% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. Cost of Revenues Our cost of revenues was composed of the following amounts (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change ​ Writer royalties and other publishing costs ​ $ 11,782 ​ $ 11,268 ​ $ 514 5 % $ 22,418 $ 20,773 ​ $ 1,645 8 % Artist royalties and other recorded music costs ​ 3,049 ​ ​ 3,174 ​ (125) (4) % ​ 5,695 ​ ​ 7,141 ​ (1,446) (20) % Total cost of revenue ​ $ 14,831 ​ $ 14,442 ​ $ 389 ​ 3 % $ 28,112 ​ $ 27,914 ​ $ 198 1 % ​ Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Cost of revenues increased by $389 thousand, or 3%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues decreased to 36% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 38% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Writer royalties and other publishing costs for the Music Publishing segment increased by $514 thousand, or 5%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Writer royalties and other publishing costs as a percentage of Music Publishing revenues decreased to 41% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 43% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in gross margin was due to the change in the mix of revenue by type and songwriting clients with their specific contractual royalty rates being applied to the revenues. Artist royalties and other recorded music costs for the Recorded Music segment decreased by $125 thousand, or 4%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Artist royalties and other recorded music costs as a percentage of recorded music revenues was 29% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Cost of revenues increased by $198 thousand, or 1%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues decreased to 37% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 40% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. Writer royalties and other publishing costs for the Music Publishing segment increased by $1,645 thousand, or 8%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Writer royalties and other publishing costs as a percentage of Music Publishing revenues decreased to 43% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 44% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in gross margin was due to the change in the mix of revenue by type and songwriting clients with their specific contractual royalty rates being applied to the revenues. Artist royalties and other recorded music costs for the Recorded Music segment decreased by $1,446 thousand, or 20%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Artist royalties and other recorded music costs as a percentage of recorded music revenues decreased to 28% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 34% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in artist royalties and other recorded music costs and increase in gross margin were due primarily to the decrease in physical sales and change in the mix of sales by type to a lower percentage of physical sales, which carry higher costs than other types of revenue. 20 Table of Contents Amortization and Depreciation Our amortization and depreciation expenses are composed of the following amounts (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Music Publishing amortization and depreciation ​ $ 4,509 ​ $ 4,791 ​ $ (282) ​ (6) % $ 9,110 ​ $ 9,095 ​ $ 15 — % Recorded Music amortization and depreciation ​ ​ 1,896 ​ ​ 1,399 ​ ​ 497 ​ 36 % ​ 3,656 ​ ​ 3,128 ​ ​ 528 ​ 17 % Other amortization and depreciation ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ 24 ​ ​ 1 ​ 3 % ​ 48 ​ ​ 47 ​ ​ 1 ​ 3 % Total amortization and depreciation ​ $ 6,430 ​ $ 6,214 ​ $ 216 ​ 3 % $ 12,815 ​ $ 12,270 ​ $ 545 4 % ​ Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Amortization and depreciation expense increased by $216 thousand, or 3%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the acquisition of additional music catalogs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Amortization and depreciation expense increased by $545 thousand, or 4%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the acquisition of additional music catalogs. Administration Expenses Our administration expenses are composed of the following amounts (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Music Publishing administration expenses ​ $ 5,853 ​ $ 8,438 ​ $ (2,585) ​ (31) % $ 12,434 ​ $ 14,025 ​ $ (1,591) ​ (11) % Recorded Music administration expenses ​ ​ 2,239 ​ ​ 2,124 ​ ​ 115 ​ 5 % ​ 4,773 ​ ​ 5,049 ​ ​ (276) ​ (5) % Other administration expenses ​ 1,192 ​ 1,033 ​ 159 ​ 15 % 1,766 ​ 1,686 ​ 80 ​ 5 % Total administration expenses ​ $ 9,284 ​ $ 11,595 ​ $ (2,311) ​ (20) % $ 18,973 ​ $ 20,760 ​ $ (1,787) ​ (9) % ​ Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Total administration expenses decreased by $2,311 thousand, or 20%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in total administration expenses reflects the nonrecurrence of $2,700 thousand related to the write-off of recoupable legal expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with the Royalty Dispute during the three months ended September 30, 2023, as described in Note 15 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (the “Recoupable legal fee write-off”). Expressed as a percentage of revenues, administration expenses decreased to 23% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 30% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off. Music Publishing administration expenses decreased by $2,585 thousand, or 31%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, Music Publishing administration expenses decreased to 20% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 33% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off. 21 Table of Contents Recorded Music administration expenses increased by $115 thousand, or 5%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, Recorded Music administration expenses increased to 21% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 20% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Total administration expenses decreased by $1,787 thousand, or 9%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023, driven by decreases in the Music Publishing segment and the Recorded Music segment. The decrease in total administration expenses reflects the nonrecurrence of $2,700 thousand related to the Recoupable legal fee write-off. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, administration expenses decreased to 25% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 30% for the six months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off. Music Publishing administration expenses decreased by $1,591 thousand, or 11%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, Music Publishing administration expenses decreased to 24% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 30% for the six months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off. Recorded Music administration expenses decreased by $276 thousand, or 5%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, Recorded Music administration expenses decreased to 23% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 24% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. Interest Expense Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Interest expense decreased by $799 thousand, or 14%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, driven primarily by the nonrecurrence of approximately $620 thousand incurred in connection with settlement of the Royalty Dispute. The Company’s interest expense will increase on the portions of its borrowings that are hedged beginning in October 2024, as its previous swap contracts matured on September 30 2024, and new swap contracts became effective on the same date. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Interest expense decreased by $473 thousand, or 5%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023, driven primarily by the nonrecurrence of approximately $620 thousand incurred in connection with settlement of the Royalty Dispute, partially offset by changes in average borrowings and Term SOFR. Loss on Foreign Exchange Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Loss on foreign exchange decreased by $4 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. This change was due to fluctuations in the two foreign currencies we are directly exposed to, namely British pound sterling and euro. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Loss on foreign exchange increased by $26 thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. This change was due to fluctuations in the two foreign currencies we are directly exposed to, namely British pound sterling and euro. 22 Table of Contents (Loss) Gain on Fair Value of Swaps Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Loss on fair value of swaps was $5,127 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gain on the fair value of swaps for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $628 thousand. This change was due to marking to market our interest rate swap hedges and was driven primarily by the September 2024 decrease in SOFR, as well as the time value of the swaps that expired on September 30, 2024. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Loss on fair value of swaps was $5,617 thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2024. Gain on the fair value of swaps for the six months ended September 30, 2023 was $2,473 thousand. This change was due to marking to market our interest rate swap hedges and was driven primarily by the September 2024 decrease in SOFR, as well as the time value of the swaps that expired on September 30, 2024. Income Tax (Benefit) Expense Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Income tax benefit was $153 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to income tax expense of $292 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Income tax benefit during the three months ended September 30, 2024 reflects excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation. Additionally, the change in income tax (benefit) expense reflects changes in the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Income tax benefit was $447 thousand during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to income tax expense of $354 thousand during the six months ended September 30, 2023. Income tax benefit during the six months ended September 30, 2024 reflects excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and an incremental tax benefit of approximately $103 thousand to the Company’s deferred tax liabilities related to certain international intangible assets. Additionally, the change in income tax (benefit) expense reflects changes in the mix of income from multiple tax jurisdictions. Net Income (Loss) Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Net income was $152 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $682 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in net income was driven primarily by the loss on fair value of swaps, partially offset by the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off and related interest associated with the Royalty Dispute, improved gross margin and an income tax benefit in the current period. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Net loss was $301 thousand during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the net income of $847 thousand during the six months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in net income was driven primarily by the loss on fair value of swaps, partially offset by the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off and related interest associated with the Royalty Dispute, improved gross margin and an income tax benefit in the current period. Non-GAAP Reconciliations We use certain financial information, such as OIBDA, OIBDA Margin, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, which are non-GAAP financial measures, which means they have not been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Reservoir’s management uses these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate our operations, measure its performance and make strategic decisions. We believe that the use of these non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors and others in understanding our 23 Table of Contents results of operations and trends in the same manner as our management and in evaluating our financial measures as compared to the financial measures of other similar companies, many of which present similar non-GAAP financial measures. However, these non-GAAP financial measures are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgments by our management about which items are excluded or included in determining these non-GAAP financial measures and, therefore, should not be considered as a substitute for net income, operating income or any other operating performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Using such non-GAAP financial measures in isolation to analyze our business would have material limitations because the calculations are based on the subjective determination of our management regarding the nature and classification of events and circumstances. In addition, although other companies in our industry may report measures titled OIBDA, OIBDA margin, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, or similar measures, such non-GAAP financial measures may be calculated differently from how we calculate such non-GAAP financial measures, which reduces their overall usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these limitations, such non-GAAP financial measures should be considered alongside other financial performance measures and other financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of OIBDA to operating income and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) are provided below. We consider operating income before non-cash depreciation of tangible assets and non-cash amortization of intangible assets (“ OIBDA ”) to be an important indicator of the operational strengths and performance of our businesses and believe this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information to investors because it removes the significant impact of amortization from our results of operations and represents our measure of segment income. However, a limitation of the use of OIBDA as a performance measure is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues in our businesses and other non-operating income (loss). Accordingly, OIBDA should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, operating income, net income attributable to us and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our definition of OIBDA may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies. OIBDA Margin is defined as OIBDA as a percentage of revenue. EBITDA is defined as earnings (net income or loss) before net interest expense, income tax expense, non-cash depreciation of tangible assets and non-cash amortization of intangible assets and is used by management to measure operating performance of the business. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA further adjusted to exclude items or expenses such as, among others, (1) any non-cash charges (including any impairment charges), (2) any net gain or loss on foreign exchange, (3) any net gain or loss resulting from interest rate swaps, (4) equity-based compensation expense and (5) certain unusual or non-recurring items. Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management to understand and evaluate operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. However, certain limitations on the use of Adjusted EBITDA include, among others, (1) it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenue for our business, (2) it does not reflect the significant interest expense or cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our indebtedness and (3) it does not reflect every cash expenditure, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments. In particular, Adjusted EBITDA measure adds back certain non-cash, unusual or non-recurring charges that are deducted in calculating net income; however, these are expenses that may recur, vary greatly and are difficult to predict. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is not the same as net income or cash flow provided by operating activities as those terms are defined by GAAP and does not necessarily indicate whether cash flows will be sufficient to fund cash needs. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue. 24 Table of Contents Reconciliation of Operating Income to OIBDA We use OIBDA as our primary measure of financial performance. The following tables reconcile operating income to OIBDA (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Operating income ​ $ 10,122 ​ $ 6,145 ​ $ 3,977 ​ 65 % $ 15,084 ​ $ 9,290 ​ $ 5,794 62 % Amortization and depreciation expenses ​ 6,430 ​ 6,215 ​ 215 3 % 12,815 ​ 12,270 ​ 545 4 % OIBDA ​ $ 16,552 ​ $ 12,360 ​ $ 4,192 34 % $ 27,898 ​ $ 21,560 ​ $ 6,338 29 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ OIBDA Margin ​ ​ 41 % ​ 32 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 37 % ​ 31 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Music Publishing ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ ​ September 30, ​ ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Operating income ​ $ 6,451 ​ $ 1,411 ​ $ 5,041 ​ NM ​ $ 8,634 ​ $ 2,807 ​ $ 5,827 ​ 208 % Amortization and depreciation expenses ​ 4,509 ​ 4,791 ​ (282) ​ (6) % 9,110 ​ 9,095 ​ 15 ​ — % OIBDA ​ $ 10,961 ​ $ 6,202 ​ $ 4,759 ​ 77 % $ 17,744 ​ $ 11,902 ​ $ 5,842 ​ 49 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ OIBDA Margin ​ ​ 38 % ​ 24 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 34 % ​ 25 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recorded Music ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change ​ Operating income ​ $ 3,508 ​ $ 4,130 ​ $ (621) (15) % $ 6,200 ​ $ 5,894 ​ $ 306 5 % Amortization and depreciation expenses ​ ​ 1,896 ​ ​ 1,399 ​ ​ 497 ​ 36 % ​ 3,656 ​ ​ 3,128 ​ ​ 528 ​ 17 % OIBDA ​ $ 5,405 ​ $ 5,529 ​ $ (124) (2) % $ 9,856 ​ $ 9,022 ​ $ 834 9 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ OIBDA Margin ​ ​ 51 % ​ 51 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 48 % ​ 43 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ OIBDA Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Consolidated OIBDA increased by $4,192 thousand, or 34%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, driven by a $4,758 thousand increase in Music Publishing OIBDA, which included the impact of the non-recurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off, partially offset by a $442 thousand decrease in Other OIBDA and a $124 thousand decrease in Recorded Music OIBDA. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, OIBDA Margin increased to 41% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 32% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Music Publishing OIBDA increased by $4,759 thousand, or 77%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, Music Publishing OIBDA Margin increased to 38% in the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 24% in the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increases in Music Publishing OIBDA and OIBDA Margin reflect the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off in as well as revenue growth and improved gross margin. 25 Table of Contents Recorded Music OIBDA decreased by $124 thousand, or 2% during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, Recorded Music OIBDA Margin was 51% during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Consolidated OIBDA increased by $6,338 thousand, or 29%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023, driven by a $5,842 thousand increase in Music Publishing OIBDA and an $834 thousand increase in Recorded Music OIBDA. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, OIBDA Margin increased to 37% for the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 31% for the six months ended September 30, 2023. Music Publishing OIBDA increased by $5,842 thousand, or 49%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, Music Publishing OIBDA Margin increased to 34% in the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 25% in the six months ended September 30, 2023. The increases in Music Publishing OIBDA and OIBDA Margin reflect the nonrecurrence of the Recoupable legal fee write-off, as well as revenue growth and improved gross margin. Recorded Music OIBDA increased by $834 thousand, or 9% during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, Recorded Music OIBDA Margin increased to 48% during the six months ended September 30, 2024 from 43% in the six months ended September 30, 2023, driven primarily by the change in the mix of revenue by type to a lower percentage of physical sales. Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs. 2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Net income (loss) $ 152 $ 682 $ (530) (78) % $ (301) $ 847 $ (1,148) (136) % Income tax (benefit) expense ​ ​ (153) ​ ​ 292 ​ ​ (445) NM ​ ​ (447) ​ ​ 354 ​ ​ (801) ​ NM ​ Interest expense ​ 4,960 ​ 5,760 ​ (800) ​ (14) % 10,020 ​ 10,493 ​ (473) ​ (5) % Amortization and depreciation ​ 6,430 ​ 6,215 ​ 215 ​ 3 % 12,815 ​ 12,270 ​ 545 ​ 4 % EBITDA ​ 11,390 ​ 12,949 ​ (1,559) (12) % 22,087 ​ 23,964 ​ (1,877) ​ (8) % Loss on foreign exchange (a) ​ ​ 36 ​ ​ 40 ​ ​ (4) (9) % ​ 96 ​ ​ 70 ​ ​ 26 ​ 37 % Loss (gain) on fair value of swaps (b) ​ 5,127 ​ (628) ​ 5,755 ​ NM ​ 5,617 ​ (2,473) ​ 8,090 ​ NM ​ Non-cash share-based compensation (c) ​ 1,053 ​ 813 ​ 240 ​ 30 % 2,327 ​ 1,727 ​ 600 ​ 35 % Recoupable legal fee write-off (d) ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,695 ​ ​ (2,695) ​ (100) % ​ — ​ ​ 2,695 ​ ​ (2,695) ​ (100) % Other (income) expense, net (e) ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ — ​ ​ (1) ​ NM ​ ​ 98 ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ 99 ​ NM ​ Adjusted EBITDA ​ $ 17,605 ​ $ 15,869 ​ $ 1,736 11 % $ 30,226 ​ $ 25,982 ​ $ 4,244 ​ 16 % ​ NM - Not meaningful (a) Reflects the loss on foreign exchange fluctuations. (b) Reflects the non-cash loss or (gain) on the mark-to-market of interest rate swaps. (c) Reflects non-cash share-based compensation expense related to the Reservoir Media, Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan. (d) Reflects the write-off of recoupable legal expenses and attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with the Royalty Dispute during the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, as described in Note 15 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements 26 Table of Contents (e) Reflects the Company’s share of loss recorded by an equity method investment. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Adjusted EBITDA increased by $1,736 thousand, or 11%, during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased to 43% during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 41% during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin improved during the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to revenue growth and improved gross margin. Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 Adjusted EBITDA increased by $4,244 thousand, or 16%, during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased to 40% during the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 37% during the six months ended September 30, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin improved during the six months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to revenue growth and improved gross margin. Liquidity and Capital Resources Capital Resources As of September 30, 2024, we had $324,463 thousand of debt (net of $4,365 thousand of deferred financing costs) and $21,068 thousand of cash and cash equivalents. Cash Flows The following table summarizes our historical cash flows (in thousands). ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 30, ​ 2024 vs.2023 ​ 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Cash provided by (used for): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating activities ​ $ 21,872 ​ $ 18,857 $ 3,015 16 % Investing activities ​ $ (10,702) ​ $ (32,516) $ 21,814 (67) % Financing activities ​ $ (8,338) ​ $ 19,573 $ (27,911) (143) % ​ Operating Activities Cash provided by operating activities was $21,872 thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $18,857 thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2023. The primary drivers of the $3,015 thousand increase in cash provided by operating activities were an increase in earnings and royalty advance recoupments, partially offset by the timing of collection of accounts receivable and payments for accounts payable and accrued expenses and royalties payable. Investing Activities Cash used for investing activities was $10,702 thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $32,516 thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a decrease in acquisitions of music catalogs. Financing Activities Cash (used for) provided by financing activities was $(8,338) thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $19,573 thousand for the six months ended September 30, 2023. The change in cash (used for) provided by financing activities primarily reflects an $17,000 thousand decrease in borrowings used for investing activities and a $10,000 thousand repayment towards the secured line of credit. 27 Table of Contents Liquidity Our primary sources of liquidity are the cash flows generated from our subsidiaries’ operations, available cash and cash equivalents and funds available for drawing under our Senior Credit Facility (as described below). These sources of liquidity are needed to fund our debt service requirements, working capital requirements, strategic acquisitions and investments, capital expenditures and other investing and financing activities we may elect to make in the future. We believe that our primary sources of liquidity will be sufficient to support our existing operations over the next twelve months. Existing Debt as of September 30, 2024 As of September 30, 2024, our outstanding debt consisted of $328,828 thousand borrowed under the Senior Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2024, remaining borrowing availability under the Senior Credit Facility was $121,172 thousand. We use cash generated from operations to service outstanding debt, consisting primarily of interest payments through maturity, and we expect to continue to refinance and extend maturity on the Senior Credit Facility for the foreseeable future. Debt Capital Structure RMM is party to a credit agreement (as amended or supplemented from time to time, the “ RMM Credit Agreement ”) governing RMM’s $450,000 thousand senior secured revolving credit facility (the “ Senior Credit Facility ”). The Senior Credit Facility also includes an “accordion feature” that permits RMM to seek additional commitments in an amount not to exceed $150,000 thousand. The maturity date of the loans advanced under the Senior Credit Facility is December 16, 2027. The interest rate on borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility is equal to, at our option, either (i) the sum of a base rate plus a margin of 1.00% or (ii) the sum of a SOFR rate plus a margin of 2.00%, in each case subject to a 0.25% increase based on a consolidated net senior debt to library value ratio. RMM is also required to pay an unused fee in respect of unused commitments under the Senior Credit Facility, if any, at a rate of 0.25% per annum. Subject to market conditions, we expect to continue to take opportunistic steps to extend our maturity dates and reduce related interest expense. From time to time, we may incur additional indebtedness for, among other things, working capital, repurchasing, redeeming or tendering for existing indebtedness and acquisitions or other strategic transactions. Certain terms of the Senior Credit Facility are described below. Guarantees and Security The obligations under the Senior Credit Facility are guaranteed by us, RHI and subsidiaries of RMM. Substantially all of our, RHI’s, RMM’s and other subsidiary guarantors’ tangible and intangible assets are pledged as collateral to secure the obligations of RMM under the Senior Credit Facility, including accounts receivable, cash and cash equivalents, deposit accounts, securities accounts, commodities accounts, inventory and certain intercompany debt owing to us or our subsidiaries. Covenants, Representations and Warranties The Senior Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants contained in the Senior Credit Facility limit the ability our, RHI’s, RMM’s and certain of its subsidiaries ability to, among other things, incur debt or liens, merge or consolidate with others, make investments, make cash dividends, redeem or repurchase capital stock, dispose of assets, enter into transactions with affiliates or enter into certain restrictive agreements. Events of Default The Senior Credit Facility includes customary events of default, including nonpayment of principal when due, nonpayment of interest or other amounts, inaccuracy of representations or warranties in any material respect, violation of covenants, certain bankruptcy or insolvency events, certain ERISA events and certain material judgments, in each case, subject to customary thresholds, notice and grace period provisions. 28 Table of Contents Covenant Compliance The Senior Credit Facility contains financial covenants that requires us, on a consolidated basis with our subsidiaries, to maintain, (i) a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10:1.00 for each four fiscal quarter period, and (ii) a consolidated senior debt to library value ratio of no greater than 0.45:1.00, subject to certain adjustments. Non-compliance with the fixed charge coverage ratio and consolidated senior debt to library value ratio could result in the lenders, subject to customary cure rights, requiring the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. As of September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with both of the financial covenants under the Senior Credit Facility. Interest Rate Swaps As of September 30, 2024, RMM had the following interest rate swaps outstanding, under which it pays a fixed rate and receives a floating interest payment from the counterparty based on SOFR with reference to notional amounts adjusted to match the amended scheduled principal repayments pursuant to the Senior Credit Facility (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Notional ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount at ​ Pay Fixed ​ ​ Effective Date September 30, 2024 Rate Maturity September 30, 2024 ​ $ 100,000 ​ 2.946 % December 2027 September 30, 2024 ​ $ 50,000 ​ 3.961 % December 2027 ​ On September 30, 2024, three previous interest rate swaps expired with original notional amounts of $8,875 thousand, $88,098 thousand and $53,030 thousand, respectively. Through the expiration date of these previous interest rate swaps, RMM paid fixed rates of 1.53%, 1.422% and 0.972%, respectively, to the counterparty and received a floating interest payment from the counterparty based on SOFR with reference to notional amounts adjusted to match the original scheduled principal repayments pursuant to the indenture agreement. ​ Dividends Our ability to pay dividends is restricted by covenants in the Senior Credit Facility. We did not pay any dividends to stockholders during the three months ended September 30, 2024. Summary Management believes that funds generated from our operations, borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility and available cash and equivalents will be sufficient to fund our debt service requirements, working capital requirements and capital expenditure requirements for the foreseeable future. However, our ability to continue to fund these items and to reduce debt may be affected by general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors, as well as other industry-specific factors such as the ability to control music piracy and the continued transition from physical to digital formats in the recorded music and music publishing industries. It could also be affected by the severity and duration of natural or human-made disasters, including pandemics. We and our affiliates continue to evaluate opportunities to, depending on market conditions and prices, contractual restrictions, our financial liquidity and other factors, prepay outstanding debt or repurchase or retire our outstanding debt or to pay dividends. The amounts involved in any such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material and may be funded from available cash or from additional borrowings or equity raises. In addition, from time to time, depending on market conditions and prices, contractual restrictions, our financial liquidity, and other factors, we may seek to refinance the Senior Credit Facility with existing cash and/or with funds provided from additional borrowings. Contractual and Other Obligations As of September 30, 2024, there have been no material changes, outside the ordinary course of business, in our contractual obligations since March 31, 2024. See “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual and Other Obligations ” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2024 for information regarding our contractual obligations. 29 Table of Contents Critical Accounting Policies As of September 30, 2024, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies since March 31, 2024. See “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies ” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2024 for information regarding our critical accounting policies. We believe that our accounting policies involve a high degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of our operations. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in those condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. We believe we have used reasonable estimates and assumptions in preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements. Although we believe that the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making those estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of September 30, 2024, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements. New Accounting Pronouncements See Note 3, “ Recent Accounting Pronouncements” to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. ​ ​ Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this Item 3, “ Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk .” ​ ​ Item 4. Controls and Procedures. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) under the Exchange Act. As a result of the material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, as previously disclosed under Part II “Item 9A, Controls and Procedures” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report”), our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer concluded that during the period covered by this Quarterly Report our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2024. Notwithstanding these material weaknesses, management has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Remediation Plan and Status of Material Weaknesses We continue to take steps to remediate the material weaknesses described in our Annual Report. We continue to retain third party experts on complex technical accounting issues and taxes and are seeking to hire additional accounting personnel with the requisite experience to improve our accounting processes. We are actively improving our risk assessment activities, implementing corrective actions to support our remediation of the material weaknesses previously reported. This includes, but is not limited to, providing training to process and control owners, enhancing relevant policies, procedures, guidelines and documentation templates, implementing new controls and improving documentation supporting existing controls, and enhancing segregation of duties by reducing access to our Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The evaluation over whether these improved control activities have been designed and are operating effectively, is ongoing. In future periods, we will ensure that the improved processes and controls have been designed and implemented effectively, and we will also evaluate the operating effectiveness of the new and redesigned controls. 30 Table of Contents We will not be able to fully remediate these material weaknesses until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded, through testing, that the newly implemented and enhanced controls are operating effectively. Our management will continue to monitor the effectiveness of our remediation plans in future periods and will make changes we determine to be appropriate. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Except as disclosed above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Limitations on Controls and Procedures Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all cases of error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. ​ 31 Table of Contents PART II - OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings. We may, from time to time, become involved in various legal and administrative proceedings, claims, lawsuits and/or other actions incidental to the conduct of our business. Some of these legal and administrative proceedings, claims, lawsuits and/or other actions may be material and involve highly complex issues that are subject to substantial uncertainties and could result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions or relief. We recognize provisions for claims or pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Due to the inherently uncertain nature of litigation, the ultimate outcome or actual cost of settlement may materially vary from estimates. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we are not involved in any legal proceedings that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or results of operations. Item 1A. Risk Factors. There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A to the Company’s Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2024. The risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report, in addition to the other information set forth in this report, could materially affect our business, financial condition or results. ​ ​ Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. There have been no other unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2024 which have not been previously disclosed on a Current Report on Form 8-K. Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities. None. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. Item 5. Other Information. Rule 10b5-1 and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements None of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1 (f) under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified , or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (each as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) during the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. ​ 32 Table of Contents Item 6. Exhibits The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report. No. Description of Exhibit 31.1* ​ Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2* ​ Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1** ​ Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2** ​ Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS* ​ Inline XBRL Instance Document. 101.SCH* ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL* ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF* ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 101.LAB* ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. 101.PRE* ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. 104 ​ Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). * Filed herewith. ** Furnished herewith. ​ 33 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. ​ RESERVOIR MEDIA, INC. ​ ​ ​ Date: October 30, 2024 By: /s/ Golnar Khosrowshahi ​ Name: Golnar Khosrowshahi ​ Title: Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) ​ ​ ​ Date: October 30, 2024 By: /s/ Jim Heindlmeyer ​ Name: Jim Heindlmeyer ​ Title: Chief Financial Officer ​ ​ (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 34