Red Cat Holdings, Inc. 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q ☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2023 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ___________ to ___________ Commission File Number: 000-31587 Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Nevada 88-0490034 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 15 Ave. Munoz Rivera , Ste 2200 San Juan , Puerto Rico 00901 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) ( 833 ) 373-3228 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) __________________________________ (Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock RCAT Nasdaq Capital Market Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☑ Smaller reporting company ☑ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑ As of September 18, 2023, there were 55,642,006 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding. Red Cat Holdings, Inc. Form 10-Q For the Quarterly Period Ended July 31, 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION Page Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) 3 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 4 Consolidated Statements Stockholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 7 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 24 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 30 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 30 PART II. OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings 30 Item 1A. Risk Factors 30 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 30 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 30 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 31 Item 5. Other Information 31 Item 6. Exhibits 31 SIGNATURES 32 RED CAT HOLDINGS Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) July 31, April 30, 2023 2023 ASSETS Current assets Cash $ 937,756 $ 3,173,649 Marketable securities 7,922,392 12,814,038 Accounts receivable, net 720,642 719,862 Inventory 9,376,444 8,920,573 Other 3,020,708 1,263,735 Current assets of discontinued operations 4,545,370 5,283,155 Total current assets 26,523,312 32,175,012 Goodwill 17,012,832 17,012,832 Intangible assets, net 7,105,636 7,323,004 Property and equipment, net 2,554,411 2,650,358 Other 303,180 303,180 Operating lease right-of-use assets 554,064 620,307 Long-term assets of discontinued operations 97,443 108,397 Total long-term assets 27,627,566 28,018,078 TOTAL ASSETS $ 54,150,878 $ 60,193,090 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 822,674 $ 1,392,550 Accrued expenses 448,229 409,439 Debt obligations - short term 936,150 922,138 Customer deposits 45,123 155,986 Operating lease liabilities 292,852 281,797 Warrant derivative liability 561,685 588,205 Current liabilities of discontinued operations 471,199 1,010,501 Total current liabilities 3,577,912 4,760,616 Operating lease liabilities 301,710 379,466 Debt obligations - long term 249,568 401,569 Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations 28,290 41,814 Total long-term liabilities 579,568 822,849 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity Series B preferred stock - shares authorized 4,300,000 ; outstanding 4,676 and 986,676 47 9,867 Common stock - shares authorized 500,000,000 ; outstanding 55,541,875 and 54,568,065 55,541 54,568 Additional paid-in capital 110,905,033 109,993,100 Accumulated deficit ( 60,397,141 ) ( 54,586,793 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 570,082 ) ( 861,117 ) Total stockholders' equity 49,993,398 54,609,625 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 54,150,878 $ 60,193,090 See accompanying notes. 3 RED CAT HOLDINGS Consolidated Statements Of Operations (Unaudited) Three months ended July 31, 2023 2022 Revenues $ 1,748,129 $ 1,126,551 Cost of goods sold 1,573,464 1,044,431 Gross margin 174,665 82,120 Operating expenses Operations 707,903 886,303 Research and development 1,138,127 449,964 Sales and marketing 986,908 406,953 General and administrative 1,443,156 1,062,404 Stock based compensation 911,606 755,471 Total operating expenses 5,187,700 3,561,095 Operating loss ( 5,013,035 ) ( 3,478,975 ) Other (income) expense Change in fair value of derivative liability ( 26,520 ) 92,922 Investment loss (income), net 239,490 ( 130,296 ) Interest expense 21,857 35,687 Other, net 319,913 114,914 Other (income) expense 554,740 113,227 Net loss from continuing operations $ ( 5,567,775 ) $ ( 3,592,202 ) Loss from discontinued operations ( 242,573 ) ( 219,397 ) Net loss $ ( 5,810,348 ) $ ( 3,811,599 ) Loss per share - basic and diluted Continuing operations $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 0.07 ) Discontinued operations — — Loss per share - basic and diluted $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 0.07 ) Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted 54,935,339 53,778,154 See accompanying notes. 4 RED CAT HOLDINGS Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity For the three months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022 (Unaudited) Series A Preferred Series B Preferred Additional Accumulated Other Stock Stock Common Stock Paid-in Accumulated Comprehensive Total Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Income (Loss) Equity Balances, April 30, 2022 — $ — 986,676 $ 9,867 53,748,735 $ 53,749 $ 106,821,384 $ ( 27,499,056 ) $ ( 1,470,272 ) $ 77,915,672 Stock based compensation — — — — — — 755,471 — — 755,471 Vesting of restricted stock units — — — — 69,707 69 ( 84,145 ) — — ( 84,076 ) Unrealized gain on marketable securities — — — — — — — — 133,582 133,582 Currency translation adjustments — — — — — — — — 352 352 Net Loss — — — — — — — ( 3,811,599 ) — ( 3,811,599 ) Balances, July 31, 2022 — $ — 986,676 $ 9,867 53,818,442 $ 53,818 $ 107,492,710 $ ( 31,310,655 ) $ ( 1,336,338 ) $ 74,909,402 Balances, April 30, 2023 — $ — 986,676 $ 9,867 54,568,065 $ 54,568 $ 109,993,100 $ ( 54,586,793 ) $ ( 861,117 ) $ 54,609,625 Stock based compensation — — — — — — 911,606 — — 911,606 Vesting of restricted stock units — — — — 155,476 155 ( 8,675 ) — — ( 8,520 ) Conversion of preferred stock — — ( 982,000 ) ( 9,820 ) 818,334 818 9,002 — — — Unrealized gain on marketable securities — — — — — — — — 289,389 289,389 Currency translation adjustments — — — — — — — — 1,646 1,646 Net loss — — — — — — — ( 5,810,348 ) — ( 5,810,348 ) Balances, July 31, 2023 — $ — 4,676 $ 47 55,541,875 $ 55,541 $ 110,905,033 $ ( 60,397,141 ) $ ( 570,082 ) $ 49,993,398 See accompanying notes. 5 RED CAT HOLDINGS Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Three months ended July 31, 2023 2022 Cash Flows from Operating Activities Net loss $ ( 5,810,348 ) $ ( 3,811,599 ) Net loss from discontinued operations ( 242,573 ) ( 219,397 ) Net loss from continuing operations ( 5,567,775 ) ( 3,592,202 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operations: Stock based compensation - options 629,426 458,023 Stock based compensation - restricted units 282,180 297,448 Amortization of intangible assets 217,368 56,160 Realized loss from sale of marketable securities 292,636 10,675 Depreciation 101,001 28,272 Change in fair value of derivative ( 26,520 ) 92,922 Changes in operating assets and liabilities Accounts receivable ( 780 ) ( 257,301 ) Inventory ( 455,871 ) ( 273,439 ) Other, principally inventory deposits ( 1,756,973 ) ( 214,316 ) Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities ( 458 ) 11,139 Customer deposits ( 110,863 ) ( 116,237 ) Accounts payable ( 569,876 ) ( 154,139 ) Accrued expenses 40,436 ( 161,767 ) Net cash used in operating activities ( 6,926,069 ) ( 3,814,762 ) Cash Flows from Investing Activities Purchases of property and equipment ( 5,054 ) ( 544,942 ) Proceeds from sale of marketable securities 4,888,399 9,094,592 Purchases of marketable securities — ( 889,943 ) Net cash provided by investing activities of continuing operations 4,883,345 7,659,707 Cash Flows from Financing Activities Payments under related party obligations — ( 2,861 ) Payments under debt obligations ( 137,989 ) ( 212,789 ) Payments of taxes related to equity awards ( 8,520 ) ( 469,631 ) Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations ( 146,509 ) ( 685,281 ) Discontinued operations Operating activities ( 356,109 ) ( 999,053 ) Investing activities — — Financing activities 237,814 — Net cash used in discontinued operations ( 118,295 ) ( 999,053 ) Net (decrease) increase in Cash ( 2,307,528 ) 2,160,611 Cash, beginning of period 3,260,305 4,084,815 Cash, end of period 952,777 6,245,426 Cash paid for interest 22,590 36,082 Cash paid for income taxes — — Non-cash transactions Unrealized gain on marketable securities $ 289,389 $ 133,582 Conversion of preferred stock into common stock $ 9,820 $ — Shares withheld as payment of note receivable $ — $ 18,449 Taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards $ — $ 15,982 See accompanying notes. 6 RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial information included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (the "Company"), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on July 27, 2023. Note 1 – The Business Red Cat Holdings (“Red Cat” or the “Company”) was originally incorporated in February 1984. Since April 2016, the Company’s primary business has been to provide products, services and solutions to the drone industry which it presently does through its four wholly owned subsidiaries. Beginning in January 2020, the Company expanded the scope of its drone products and services through four acquisitions, including: A. In January 2020, the Company acquired Rotor Riot, a provider of First Person View (FPV) drones and equipment, primarily to the consumer marketplace. The purchase price was $1,995,114. B. In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark Holdings, a provider of FPV video goggles to the drone industry. The purchase price was $8,354,076. C. In May 2021, the Company acquired Skypersonic which provides hardware and software solutions that enable drones to complete inspection services in locations where GPS is not available, yet still record and transmit data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. The purchase price was $2,791,012. D. In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal Drones, a leader in commercial and government UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) technology. The purchase price was $10,011,279. Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we focused on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise and Consumer segments in order to sharpen our focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAV's, primarily drones, to commercial enterprises, including the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term focus on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been re-focused on military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal. The Consumer segment, which includes Fat Shark and Rotor Riot, is focused on hobbyists and enthusiasts which are expected to increase as drones become more visible in our daily lives. The reportable segments were established based on how our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is a committee comprised of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), manages our business, makes resource allocation and operating decisions, and evaluates operating performance. See “Note 21 - Segment Reporting”. In November 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our Consumer segment to Unusual Machines, Inc. (or “Unusual Machines” or “UM”). The adjusted sale price is $20 million, including $3 million in cash, at closing, and $17 million in securities of Unusual Machines. The agreement reflects the Company's decision to focus its efforts and capital on military and defense where it believes that there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value. The closing of the transaction is contingent upon Unusual Machines completing (i) an initial public offering that raises sufficient capital to close the transaction, and (ii) a listing on a public stock exchange such as the NYSE or Nasdaq. 7 Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Accounting – The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been restated to conform to the current year presentation. Principles of Consolidation – Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned operating subsidiaries which include Teal Drones, Skypersonic, Rotor Riot, and Fat Shark. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. As further described in Note 3, we presently expect to sell our Consumer segment, which includes Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, within the next twelve months. Accordingly, the Consumer segment businesses are characterized as Discontinued Operations in these financial statements. The assets and liabilities of these entities have been presented separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as discontinued operations. Similarly, the operating results and cash flows of discontinued operations are separately stated in those respective financial statements. Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) determine stock-based compensation, (ii) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (iii) accounting for derivatives, (iv) reserves and allowances related to accounts receivable and inventory, and (v) the evaluation of long-term assets, including goodwill, for impairment. Cash and Cash Equivalents – At July 31, 2023, we had cash of $937,756 in multiple commercial banks and financial services companies. We have not experienced any loss on these cash balances and believe they are not exposed to any significant credit risk. Marketable Securities – Our marketable securities have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities. These securities are primarily invested in corporate bonds and are readily saleable, and therefore, we have classified them as short term. Our available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of comprehensive income (loss). Once realized, any gains or losses are recognized in the statement of operations. We have elected to present accrued interest income separately from marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest income was $82,318 and $151,671 as of July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, respectively, and was included in other current assets. We did not write off any accrued interest income during the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022. Accounts Receivable, net – Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company's estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a multitude of factors, including historical bad debt levels for its customer base, past experience with a specific customer, the economic environment, and other factors. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected. Inventories – Inventories, which consist of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and are measured using the first-in, first-out method. Cost components include direct materials and direct labor, as well as in-bound freight. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates the net realizable value of its inventory using various reference measures including current product selling prices, as well as evaluating for excess quantities and obsolescence. 8 Goodwill and Long-lived Assets – Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross margin, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions are based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services. Goodwill for Rotor Riot relates to its strong social media presence including more than 200,000 YouTube subscribers. Goodwill for Fat Shark is attributable to its relationship with manufacturing sources in China and the potential to integrate its goggle technologies with the Teal drone. Goodwill for Teal is ascribed to its existing relationship with several U.S. government agencies including its classification as an approved vendor. The Company expects that the Goodwill recognized in each transaction will be deductible for tax purposes. The Company has reported net losses since its inception and is presently unable to determine when and if the tax benefit of this deduction will be realized. Property and equipment – Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation which is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally: (i) furniture and fixtures - seven years, (ii) equipment and related - two to five years, and (iii) leasehold improvements - 15 years. Leases – Effective August 1, 2021, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842 titled “Leases” which requires the recognition of assets and liabilities associated with lease agreements. The Company adopted ASC 842 on a modified retrospective transition basis which means that it did not restate financial information for any periods prior to August 1, 2021. Upon adoption, the Company recognized a lease liability obligation of $796,976 and a right-of-use asset for the same amount. The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are measured, on each reporting date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate. Therefore, the Company uses an effective discount rate of 12% based on its last debt financing. Operating lease assets are measured by adjusting the lease liability for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred and asset impairments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the operating lease asset reduced by the amount of the expense. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when they are reasonably certain to occur. Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities, and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. 9 The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows: Level 1 : Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date; Level 2 : Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and Level 3 : Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and current debt approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Convertible Securities and Derivatives When the Company issues convertible debt or equity instruments that contain embedded derivative instruments that are to be bifurcated and accounted for as liabilities, the total proceeds from the convertible host instruments are first allocated to the bifurcated derivative instruments. The remaining proceeds, if any, are then allocated to the convertible instruments themselves, resulting in those instruments being recorded at a discount from their face value but no lower than zero. Any excess amount is recognized as a derivative expense. Derivative Liabilities The Company has financial instruments that are considered derivatives or contain embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Embedded derivatives are valued separately from the host instrument and are recognized as liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The Company measures these instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. In October 2020 and January 2021, the Company entered into convertible note agreements which included provisions under which the conversion price was equal to the lesser of an initial stated amount or the conversion price of a future offering. This variable conversion feature was recognized as a derivative. Both financings included the issuance of warrants which contained similar variable conversion features. The Company values these convertible notes and warrants using the multinomial lattice method that values the derivative liability based on a probability weighted discounted cash flow model. The resulting liability is valued at each reporting date and the change in the liability is reflected as change in derivative liability in the statement of operations. Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). This standard includes a comprehensive evaluation of factors to be considered regarding revenue recognition including (i) identifying the promised goods, (ii) evaluating performance obligations, (iii) measuring the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations if there are multiple components, and (v) recognizing revenue as each obligation is satisfied. The Company’s revenue transactions include a single component, specifically, the shipment of goods to customers as orders are fulfilled. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment. The timing of the shipment of orders can vary considerably depending upon whether an order is for an item normally maintained in inventory or an order that requires assembly or unique parts. Customer deposits totaled $45,123 and $155,986 at July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, respectively. 10 Research and Development – Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, as well as a proportionate share of overhead costs such as rent. Costs related to software development are included in research and development expense until technological feasibility is reached, which for our software products, is generally shortly before the products are released to production. Once technological feasibility is reached, such costs are capitalized and amortized as a cost of revenue over the estimated lives of the products. Income Taxes – Deferred taxes are provided on the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Management does not believe that recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Foreign Currency – The functional currency of our international subsidiary, Skyset, is the local Italian currency. For that subsidiary, we translate assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and average monthly exchange rates for revenues, costs, and expenses. We record translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income. Comprehensive Loss – Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders' equity and are excluded from net loss. Our other comprehensive loss is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. During the three months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022, comprehensive loss was $291,035 and $133,934 lower than net loss, respectively, related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $289,389 and $133,582, respectively, and foreign currency translation adjustments of $1,646 and $352. Stock-Based Compensation – S tock options are valued using the estimated grant-date fair value method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Fair value is determined based on the Black-Scholes Model using inputs reflecting our estimates of expected volatility, term and future dividends. We recognize forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock is based on our stock price on the date of grant. Compensation costs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period which is the vesting term. Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share – Basic and diluted net loss per share has been calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive. The conversion or exercise of these common stock equivalents would dilute earnings per share if we become profitable in the future. Outstanding securities not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive included: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Series B Preferred Stock, as converted 3,896 822,230 Stock options 6,884,017 4,784,809 Warrants 1,539,999 1,539,999 Restricted stock 842,701 781,060 Total 9,270,613 7,928,098 Related Parties – Parties are considered to be related to us if they have control or significant influence, directly or indirectly, over us, including key management personnel and members of the Board of Directors. Related Party transactions are disclosed in Note 20. 11 Segment Reporting Since January 2020, we have acquired four separate businesses operating in various aspects of the drone industry. Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we focused on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise and Consumer segments in order to sharpen our focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAV's, primarily drones, to commercial enterprises, including the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term focus on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been re-focused on military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal. The Consumer segment, which includes Fat Shark and Rotor Riot, is focused on hobbyists and enthusiasts which are expected to increase as drones become more visible in our daily lives. The reportable segments were established based on how our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is a committee comprised of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), manages our business, makes resource allocation and operating decisions, and evaluates operating performance. See “Note 21 - Segment Reporting”. Liquidity and Going Concern – The Company has never been profitable and its net losses have been increasing related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $ 5,810,348 and used cash in operating activities of $ 6,926,069 . As of July 31, 2023, the Company has working capital of $ 22,945,400 . While the Company has historically been successful in raising capital to meet its working capital requirements, the ability to continue raising such capital to enable the Company to continue its growth is not guaranteed. Therefore, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern as the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations and meet its financial obligations for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued. Note 3 – Discontinued Operations – Sale of Consumer Segment In November 2022, the Company agreed to the sale of its consumer segment consisting of Rotor Riot, (“RR”), and Fat Shark Holdings (“FS”). The closing of the transaction is subject to the successful initial public offering by the buyer, Unusual Machines, Inc. The Company has concluded that the transaction is presently likely to close within the next twelve months. Accordingly, the Consumer segment has been classified as Discontinued Operations and reported in accordance with the applicable accounting standards. See Note 22 for additional information regarding the transaction. Set forth below are the results of operations for: Three months ended July 31, 2023 2022 Revenues $ 1,869,219 $ 1,942,720 Cost of goods sold 1,385,116 1,667,213 Gross margin 484,103 275,507 Operating expenses Operations 209,980 161,783 Research and development 46,249 82,806 Sales and marketing 404,104 195,278 General and administrative 43,606 55,161 Total operating expenses 703,939 495,028 Operating loss ( 219,836 ) ( 219,521 ) Other (income) expense Interest expense 22,856 — Other, net ( 119 ) ( 124 ) Other (income) expense 22,737 ( 124 ) Net loss from discontinued operations $ ( 242,573 ) $ ( 219,397 ) 12 Assets and liabilities for the Consumer Segment included: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Current assets Cash $ 15,021 $ 86,656 Accounts receivable, net 106,649 61,107 Inventory 2,921,262 3,065,954 Other 1,502,438 2,069,438 Total current assets 4,545,370 5,283,155 Intangible assets, net 20,000 20,000 Other 3,853 3,853 Operating lease right-of-use assets 73,590 84,544 Total long term assets 97,443 108,397 Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 65,058 $ 606,872 Accrued expenses 89,014 109,480 Debt obligations - short term 237,814 — Customer deposits 28,079 244,688 Operating lease liabilities 51,234 49,461 Total current liabilities 471,199 1,010,501 Long term liabilities - Operating lease liabilities 28,290 41,814 Working capital $ 4,074,171 $ 4,272,654 Note 4 – Marketable Securities Marketable securities consisted solely of corporate bonds at July 31, 2023 and were classified at Level 2 in the Fair Value Hierarchy. Fair value, cost basis, and unrealized losses totaled $ 7,922,392 , $ 8,497,168 , and $ 574,776 at July 31, 2023, respectively. Contractual maturities of one to three years totaled $ 7,922,392 . Note 5 – Inventories Inventories consisted of the following: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Raw materials $ 7,721,211 $ 8,132,196 Work-in-process 1,611,283 509,381 Finished goods 43,950 278,996 Total $ 9,376,444 $ 8,920,573 13 Note 6 – Other Current Assets Other current assets included: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Prepaid inventory $ 1,708,515 $ 359,500 Prepaid expenses 1,229,875 752,564 Accrued interest income 82,318 151,671 Total $ 3,020,708 $ 1,263,735 Note 7 – Due From Related Party In January 2022, the Company determined that a senior executive had relocated in 2021 but their compensation had not been subject to the income tax withholding required by the new jurisdiction. The amount subject to taxation included $ 155,624 of cash compensation and $ 1,413,332 of income associated with the vesting of restricted stock ("Stock Compensation"). In March 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement (the "Note") with the employee in the amount of $ 510,323 , representing the estimated taxes owed by the employee related to the Stock Compensation. Under the terms of the Note, 104,166 shares of common stock with a fair value of $ 280,832 , which had vested during calendar 2021, were withheld by the Company and applied against the Note. The employee agreed not to sell or transfer 110,983 shares of common stock held at the Company's transfer agent until the Note was repaid. In addition, the employee has 20,833 shares of restricted stock vesting monthly in calendar 2022, of which 3,000 shares were withheld with the fair value of those shares applied against the Note. Shares issued to the employee in 2022 were held at the transfer agent until the Note was repaid. The Note matured on December 31, 2022. The Company filed amended payroll tax returns on March 16, 2022. In March and April 2022, the Company made payments to the relevant tax authorities totaling $ 712,646 representing $ 510,323 owed by the employee, $ 31,604 owed by the Company, and $ 170,719 of penalties and interest. The Note was repaid in full in August 2022. Note 8 – Intangible Assets Intangible assets relate to acquisitions completed by the Company, including those described in Note 1. Intangible assets were as follows: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value Gross Value Accumulated Amortization Net Value Proprietary technology $ 4,967,000 $ ( 1,050,448 ) $ 3,916,552 $ 4,967,000 $ ( 841,223 ) $ 4,125,777 Non-compete agreements 81,000 ( 63,417 ) 17,583 81,000 ( 56,667 ) 24,333 Customer relationships 39,000 ( 19,499 ) 19,501 39,000 ( 18,106 ) 20,894 Total finite-lived assets 5,087,000 ( 1,133,364 ) 3,953,636 5,087,000 ( 915,996 ) 4,171,004 Brand name 3,152,000 — 3,152,000 3,152,000 — 3,152,000 Total indefinite-lived assets 3,152,000 — 3,152,000 3,152,000 — 3,152,000 Total intangible assets, net $ 8,239,000 $ ( 1,133,364 ) $ 7,105,636 $ 8,239,000 $ ( 915,996 ) $ 7,323,004 Proprietary technology and non-compete agreements are being amortized over five to six years and three years, respectively. Customer relationships are being amortized over seven years. Goodwill and Brand name are not amortized but evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis. 14 As of July 31, 2023, expected amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows: Fiscal Year Ended: 2024 $ 649,437 2025 842,471 202 6 815,271 2027 786,679 2028 644,833 Thereafter 214,945 Total $ 3,953,636 Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The composition of, and changes in goodwill, consist of: Date Acquisition Goodwill January 2020 Rotor Riot $ 1,849,073 November 2020 Fat Shark 6,168,260 May 2021 Skypersonic 2,826,918 August 2021 Teal Drones 8,995,499 April 2023 - Impairment loss Skypersonic ( 2,826,918 ) Balance at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2023 $ 17,012,832 Following the establishment of the Enterprise and Consumer segments, management evaluated the long-term business strategy of each segment. This resulted in the Enterprise segment narrowing its focus on the military and other government agencies. It was determined that Skypersonic's technology would be re-focused for the near term on military applications and consolidated into the operations of Teal Drones. The Company completes a formal evaluation of the carrying value of its intangible assets, including goodwill, at the end of each fiscal year. Based on (i) the operating results for Skypersonic since its acquisition in May 2021, (ii) its consolidation into Teal, (iii) our current expectations of its future business conditions and trends, including its projected revenues, expenses, and cash flows, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $ 2,826,918 in April 2023. Note 9 – Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of assets with an estimated useful life greater than one year and are reported net of accumulated depreciation. The reported values are periodically assessed for impairment, and were as follows: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Equipment and related $ 1,340,237 $ 1,386,373 Leasehold improvements 1,517,199 1,473,890 Furniture and fixtures 132,752 132,752 Accumulated depreciation ( 435,777 ) ( 342,657 ) Net carrying value $ 2,554,411 $ 2,650,358 Depreciation expense totaled $ 101,001 and $ 28,272 for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Note 10 – Other Long-Term Assets Other long-term assets included: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 SAFE agreement $ 250,000 $ 250,000 Security deposits 53,180 53,180 Total $ 303,180 $ 303,180 15 In November 2022, the Company entered into a SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) agreement with Firestorm Labs, Inc. (“Firestorm”) under which it made a payment of $ 250,000 to Firestorm in exchange for the right to certain shares of Firestorm stock. The SAFE permits the Company to participate in a future equity financing of Firestorm by converting the $ 250,000 into shares of Preferred Stock of Firestorm. If there is a change in control of Firestorm or a public offering of shares of its stock, then the Company shall have the right to receive cash payments, or shares of stock, whichever has greater value. The Company’s investment in the SAFE agreement has been recorded on the cost method of accounting. The Company plans to evaluate the investment for any indications of impairment in value on a quarterly basis. No factors indicative of impairment were identified during the three months ended July 31, 2023. Note 11 – Operating Leases As of July 31, 2023, the Company had operating type leases for real estate and no finance type leases. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of up to 3.83 years, some of which may include options to extend for up to 5 years. Operating lease expense totaled $ 85,252 for the three months ended July 31, 2023, including period cost for short-term, cancellable, and variable leases, not included in lease liabilities, of $ 1,650 for the three months ended July 31, 2023. Leases on which the Company made rent payments during the reporting period included: Location Monthly Rent Expiration South Salt Lake, Utah $ 22,667 December 2024 San Juan, Puerto Rico $ 5,647 June 2027 Troy, Michigan $ 550 May 2022 Supplemental information related to operating leases for the three months ended July 31, 2023 was: Operating cash paid to settle lease liabilities $ 85,709 Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) 2.30 Weighted average discount rate 12 % Future lease payments at July 31, 2023 were as follows: Fiscal Year Ended: 2024 260,453 2025 260,743 2026 76,619 2027 79,300 2028 6,627 Total $ 683,742 Note 12 – Debt Obligations A. Decathlon Capital On August 31, 2021, Teal entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with Decathlon Alpha IV, L.P. (“DA4”) in the amount of $ 1,670,294 (the “Loan”), representing the outstanding principal amount previously due and owing by Teal to DA4. Interest on the Loan accrues at a rate of ten ( 10 %) percent per annum. Principal and interest is payable in monthly installments of $ 49,275 until maturity on December 31, 2024. The balance outstanding at July 31, 2023 totaled $ 769,170 . B. Pelion Note In May 2021, Teal entered into a note agreement totaling $ 350,000 which is payable upon demand. The Note bears interest at the applicable Federal Rate as of the date of the Note which was 0.13 % on the date of issuance. Accrued interest totaled $ 992 at July 31, 2023. 16 C. Vendor Agreement In connection with the acquisition of Teal on August 31, 2021, the Company assumed an obligation with a contract manufacturing firm. The assumed balance of $ 387,500 was repaid in monthly installments of $ 37,500 and paid in full in July 2022. D. SBA Loan In February 2021, Teal received a Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (“SBA PPP”) loan in the amount of $ 300,910 . The loan was unsecured, non-recourse, and accrued interest at one percent annually. The loan was used to fund qualifying payroll, rent and utilities. In February 2022, the principal balance of $ 300,910 and accrued interest of $ 3,001 were forgiven. E. Corporate Equity Beginning in October 2021, and amended in January 2022, Teal financed a total of $ 120,000 of leasehold improvements with Corporate Equity. The loan bears interest at 8.25 % annually and requires monthly payments of $ 3,595 through December 2024. The balance outstanding at July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 totaled $ 57,106 and $ 66,586 respectively. F. Revenue Financing Arrangement In April 2021, Teal entered into an agreement under which it sold future customer payments, at a discount, to Forward Financing. At August 31, 2021, the Company assumed the outstanding balance of $ 38,758 . Repayment of the remaining balance was completed in January 2022. G. Ascentium Capital In September 2021, Teal entered into a financing agreement with Ascentium Capital to fund the purchase of a fixed asset totaling $ 24,383 . Monthly payments of $ 656 are payable through October 2024. The balance outstanding at July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 totaled $ 9,442 and $ 11,412 respectively. H. Summary Outstanding principal payments on debt obligations are due as follows: Fiscal 2024 784,149 Fiscal 2025 401,569 Total $ 1,185,718 Short term – through July 31, 2024 $ 936,150 Long term – thereafter $ 249,568 Note 13 – Due to Related Party A. Founder of Fat Shark In connection with the acquisition of Fat Shark in November 2020, the Company issued a secured promissory note for $ 1,753,000 to the seller. The note accrued interest at 3 % annually and matured in full in November 2023. In May 2021, the Company made an initial payment of $ 132,200 by directing a refund from a vendor based in China to the noteholder who is also based in China. The remaining balance of $ 1,620,800 plus accrued interest totaling $ 45,129 was paid in September 2021. B. BRIT, LLC In January 2020, in connection with the acquisition of Rotor Riot, the Company issued a promissory note for $ 175,000 to the seller, BRIT, LLC. The note accrued interest at 4.75 % annually. In October 2021, the outstanding balance of $ 85,172 plus accrued interest totaling $ 12,942 was paid. The Company also assumed a line of credit obligation totaling $ 47,853 which bears interest at 6.67 % annually. The remaining balance of $ 37,196 plus accrued interest totaling $ 292 was paid in October 2022. 17 Note 14 – Income Taxes Our operating subsidiary, Red Cat Propware, Inc., is incorporated and based in Puerto Rico which is a commonwealth of the United States. We are not subject to taxation by the United States as Puerto Rico has its own taxing authority. Since inception, we have incurred net losses in each year of operations. Our current provision for the reporting periods presented in these financial statements consisted of a tax benefit against which we applied a full valuation allowance, resulting in no current provision for income taxes. In addition, there was no deferred provision for any of these reporting periods. At July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, we had accumulated deficits of approximately $ 60,397,000 and $ 54,600,000 , respectively. Deferred tax assets related to the future benefit of these net operating losses for tax purposes totaled approximately $ 11,173,000 and $ 10,101,000 , respectively, calculated using the base Puerto Rico corporate tax rate of 18.5%. Currently, we focus on projected future taxable income in evaluating whether it is more likely than not that these deferred assets will be realized. Based on the fact that we have not generated an operating profit since inception, we have applied a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets at July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023. Note 15 – Common Stock Our common stock has a par value of $0.001 per share. We are authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. A summary of shares of common stock issued by the Company since April 30, 2022 is as follows: Description of Shares Shares Issued Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2022 53,748,735 Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 273,874 to pay taxes and 9,000 to repay a Note 653,308 Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors 116,507 Vesting of restricted stock to consultants 9,683 Shares issued for services 39,832 Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2023 54,568,065 Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 10,870 to pay taxes 44,130 Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors 109,585 Vesting of restricted stock to consultants 1,761 Conversion of preferred stock 818,334 Shares outstanding as of July 31, 2023 55,541,875 Note 16 – Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock outstanding totaled 158,704 at April 30, 2021, and were converted into 1,321,996 shares of common stock on August 10, 2021. Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Stock”) is convertible into common stock at a ratio of 0.8334 shares of common stock for each share of Series B Stock held and votes together with the common stock on an as-if-converted basis. 982,000 shares of Series B Stock were converted into 818,334 shares of common stock in June 2023. Shares outstanding at July 31, 2023 totaled 4,676 which are convertible into 3,896 shares of common stock. Note 17 – Warrants The Company issued five-year warrants in connection with two convertible note financings. The warrants have an initial exercise price of $ 1.50 which may be reduced to a 25% discount of the price per share of Common Stock offered in a future qualified offering. The warrants were valued using the multinominal lattice model and are considered derivative liabilities under ASC 815-40. The value of the warrants was included in the determination of the initial accounting for each financing including the calculation of the derivative liability and related expense. 18 A summary of the warrants issued and their fair values were: Upon Issuance Outstanding at July 31, 2023 Date of Transaction Number of Warrants Initial Fair Value Number of Warrants Fair Value October 2020 399,998 $ 267,999 266,666 $ 179,982 January 2021 675,000 $ 2,870,666 540,000 $ 381,703 In March and April 2021, we received $ 201,249 related to the exercise of 201,666 of the warrants. Since these exercises resulted in the elimination of the derivative liability in the warrants, the derivative liability was reduced by $ 694,305 with a corresponding increase in additional paid in capital. In June 2021, we received $ 99,999 in connection with the exercise of 66,666 warrants which resulted in the elimination of $ 163,141 of the derivative liability in the warrants. In May 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $ 5.00 . In July 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 533,333 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $ 5.625 . The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding since April 30, 2022. Number of Shares Weighted-average Exercise Price per Share Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balance as of April 30, 2022 1,539,999 3.38 3.89 $ 427,533 Granted — Exercised — Outstanding as of April 30, 2023 1,539,999 3.38 2.89 $ — Granted — Exercised — Outstanding at July 31, 2023 1,539,999 3.38 2.63 $ — Note 18 – Share Based Awards The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") allows us to incentivize key employees, consultants, and directors with long term compensation awards such as stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units (collectively, the "Awards"). The number of shares issuable in connection with Awards under the Plan may not exceed 8,750,000 . A. Options The range of assumptions used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the three months ended July 31 was: 2023 2022 Exercise Price $ 1.06 – 1.12 $ — Stock price on date of grant 1.06 – 1.12 — Risk-free interest rate 3.47 – 4.07 % — Dividend yield — — Expected term (years) 6.00 – 6.25 — Volatility 257.25 – 260.22 % — 19 A summary of options activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was: Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of April 30, 2022 3,694,142 $ 2.17 8.56 1,407,545 Granted 1,503,500 1.40 Exercised — — Forfeited or expired ( 412,833 ) 2.67 Outstanding as of April 30, 2023 4,784,809 1.88 8.72 74,586 Granted 2,401,042 1.07 Exercised — — Forfeited or expired ( 301,834 ) 2.55 Outstanding as of July 31, 2023 6,884,017 1.57 8.58 298,615 Exercisable as of July 31, 2023 3,157,975 $ 2.00 6.63 $ 241,274 The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options represents the excess of the stock price at the indicated date over the exercise price of each option. As of July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there was $ 5,918,668 and $ 2,760,989 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average periods of 2.24 and 2.1 years, respectively. B. Restricted Stock A summary of restricted stock activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was: Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2022 1,083,675 $ 2.59 Granted 780,884 2.14 Vested ( 1,062,372 ) 2.42 Forfeited ( 21,127 ) 2.13 Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2023 781,060 2.44 Granted 298,643 1.06 Vested ( 166,346 ) 1.70 Forfeited ( 70,656 ) 1.25 Unvested and outstanding as of July 31, 2023 842,701 $ 2.14 C. Stock Compensation Stock compensation expense for the three months ended July 31 was as follows: 2023 2022 General and administrative $ 427,781 $ 345,168 Research and development 127,417 144,798 Operations 191,099 158,431 Sales and marketing 165,309 107,074 Total $ 911,606 $ 755,471 Stock compensation expense pertaining to options totaled $ 629,426 and $ 458,023 for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock compensation expense pertaining to restricted stock units totaled $ 282,180 and $ 297,448 for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 20 Note 19 – Derivatives The Company completed financings in October 2020 and January 2021 which included notes and warrants containing embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Both the notes and the warrants included provisions which provided for a reduction in the conversion and exercise prices, respectively, if the Company completed a future qualified offering at a lower price. These provisions represent embedded derivatives which are valued separately from the host instrument (meaning the notes and warrants) and recognized as derivative liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The Company initially measures these financial instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. The Company also measures these financial instruments on the date of settlement (meaning when the note is converted, or the warrant is exercised) at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations. Any discount in the carrying value of the note is fully amortized on the date of settlement and recognized as interest expense. The Company estimated the fair value of these embedded derivatives using a multinomial lattice model. The range of underlying assumptions used in the binomial model to determine the fair value of the derivative warrant liability upon settlement of the derivative liability and as of July 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 are set forth below. In addition, the Company's stock price on each measurement date was used in the model. July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Risk-free interest rate 4.88 % 2.83 – 4.51 % Expected dividend yield — — Expected term (in years) 2.17 – 2.50 2.42 – 3.50 Expected volatility 107.27 – 107.90 % 138.49 – 235.23 % As of July 31, 2023, all of the notes had been converted into common stock and 806,666 of the warrants were outstanding. Changes in the derivative liability during the three months ended July 31, 2023 and the year ended April 30, 2023 were as follows: July 31, 2023 April 30, 2023 Balance, beginning of period $ 588,205 $ 1,607,497 Additions — — Eliminated upon conversion of notes/exercise of warrants — — Changes in fair value ( 26,520 ) ( 1,019,292 ) Balance, end of period $ 561,685 $ 588,205 Changes in fair value primarily relate to changes in the Company’s stock price during the period, with increases in the stock price increasing the liability and decreases in the stock price reducing the liability. Note 20 - Related-Party Transactions In July 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a director resulting in monthly payments of $ 6,000 . In addition, the Company issued 150,000 options to purchase common stock at $ 2.51 which vested quarterly over the one-year term of the agreement. In January 2022, the agreement was amended to increase the monthly payments to $ 10,000 . The agreement expired in June 2022. In January 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement with an employee in the principal amount of $510,323, as further described in Note 7. Additional related party transactions are disclosed in Note 13. Note 21 - Segment Reporting The following table sets forth key operating data and asset categories which are reviewed by our CODM in evaluating the operating performance of each segment: 21 For the three months ended July 31, 2023 Enterprise Consumer Corporate Total Revenues $ 1,748,129 $ 1,869,219 $ — $ 3,617,348 Cost of goods sold 1,573,464 1,385,116 — 2,958,580 Gross margin 174,665 484,103 — 658,768 Operating expenses 3,153,405 703,939 2,034,295 5,891,639 Operating loss ( 2,978,740 ) ( 219,836 ) ( 2,034,295 ) ( 5,232,871 ) Other expenses, net 122,858 22,737 431,882 577,477 Net loss $ ( 3,101,598 ) $ ( 242,573 ) $ ( 2,466,177 ) $ ( 5,810,348 ) For the three months ended July 31, 2022 Enterprise Consumer Corporate Total Revenues $ 1,126,551 $ 1,942,720 $ — $ 3,069,271 Cost of goods sold 1,044,431 1,667,213 — 2,711,644 Gross margin 82,120 275,507 — 357,627 Operating expenses 1,661,363 495,028 1,899,732 4,056,123 Operating loss ( 1,579,243 ) ( 219,521 ) ( 1,899,732 ) ( 3,698,496 ) Other expenses, net 63,229 ( 124 ) 49,998 113,103 Net loss $ ( 1,642,472 ) $ ( 219,397 ) $ ( 1,949,730 ) $ ( 3,811,599 ) As of July 31, 2023 Enterprise Consumer Corporate Total Accounts receivable, net $ 720,642 $ 106,649 $ — $ 827,291 Inventory, net 9,376,444 2,921,262 — 12,297,706 Inventory deposits $ 1,708,515 $ 1,502,438 $ — $ 3,210,953 As of April 30, 2023 Enterprise Consumer Corporate Total Accounts receivable, net $ 719,862 $ 61,107 $ — $ 780,969 Inventory, net 8,920,573 3,065,954 — 11,986,527 Inventory deposits $ 359,500 $ 2,062,038 $ — $ 2,421,538 22 Note 22 - Sale of Consumer Segment In November 2022, the Board of Directors approved a Stock Purchase Agreement (the "SPA") between the Company, Unusual Machines and Jeffrey Thompson, the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the “Principal Stockholder”), related to the sale of the Company’s consumer segment consisting of Rotor Riot, (“RR”), and Fat Shark Holdings (“FS”), to UM. In March 2023, shareholders approved the sale. The final, amended purchase price of $20 million includes $3 million in cash, payable at closing, with the remaining $17 million consisting of shares of common stock of Unusual Machines. The purchase price will be adjusted for working capital on the closing date (increased for positive working capital and decreased for negative working capital). The Company estimates that working capital at closing will range between $3.0 to $4.5 million. The number of shares of UM’s common stock (the “Unusual Common Stock”) to be issued will be based on the initial public offering price for the Unusual Common Stock. All of the Unusual Common Stock will be subject to a lock-up of 180 days and be eligible for registration. The closing of the SPA is subject to the successful completion of an initial public offering (the “IPO”) by UM in the minimum amount of $5 million, and the listing of UM’s common stock on a public stock exchange such as the NYSE or Nasdaq. UM filed a registration statement on Form S-1 for an initial public offering of its Common Stock with the SEC. UM is required to deposit $1.0 million cash with the Company upon effectiveness of the registration statement with the SEC. Note 23 – Commitments and Contingencies Legal Proceedings In the ordinary course of business, we may be involved, at times, in various legal proceedings involving a variety of matters. We do not believe there are any pending legal proceedings that will have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, the outcome of such legal matters is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. We have not recorded any litigation reserves as of April 30, 2023. One pending legal matter is an action filed against Teal Drones and the Company in a U.S. District Court in California. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, and the unlawful conversion and sale of shares of common stock that plaintiff alleges to have purchased in Teal prior to its acquisition by the Company. The complaint also alleges breach of fiduciary duty and seeks in excess of $1 million in damages. The Company is asserting vigorous defenses to the complaint. Note 24 – Subsequent Events Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of this filing and there are no subsequent events which require disclosure. 23 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial data included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Management's Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements relating to our liquidity, and our plans for our business focusing on providing products, services and solutions to the drone industry. Any statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. When used, the words "believe," "plan," "intend," "anticipate," "target," "estimate," "expect," and the like, and/or future-tense or conditional constructions ("will," "may," "could," "should," etc.), or similar expressions, identify certain of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company's actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Investors should also review the risk factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on July 27, 2023. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update such forward-looking statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q except as required by federal securities law. Recent Developments Corporate developments during the two years ended July 31, 2023 include: Capital Transactions During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company completed two firm commitment underwritten public offerings with ThinkEquity, a division of Fordham Financial Management. The first offering, in May 2021, generated gross and net proceeds of $16 and $14.6 million, respectively. The second offering, in July 2021, generated gross and net proceeds of $60 and $55.5 million, respectively. Plan of Operations Since April 2016, the Company's primary business has been to provide products, services, and solutions to the drone industry which it presently does through its four wholly owned subsidiaries. Beginning in January 2020, the Company expanded the scope of its drone products and services through four acquisitions, including: A. In January 2020, the Company acquired Rotor Riot, a provider of First Person View (FPV) drones and equipment, primarily to the consumer marketplace. The purchase price was $1,995,114. B. In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark Holdings, a provider of FPV video goggles to the drone industry. The purchase price was $8,354,076. C. In May 2021, the Company acquired Skypersonic which provides hardware and software solutions that enable drones to complete inspection services in locations where GPS is not available, yet still record and transmit data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. The purchase price was $2,791,012. D. In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal Drones, a leader in commercial and government UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) technology. The purchase price was $10,011,279. Following the Teal acquisition, we focused on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise and Consumer segments in order to sharpen our focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAV's, primarily drones, to commercial enterprises, and government agencies including the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term focus on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been re-focused on military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal. The Consumer segment, which includes Fat Shark and Rotor Riot, is focused on hobbyists and enthusiasts which are expected to increase as drones become more visible and useful in our daily lives. 24 In November 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our Consumer segment to Unusual Machines. The adjusted sale price is $20 million, including $3 million in cash, at closing, and $17 million in securities of Unusual Machines. The agreement reflects the Company's decision to focus its efforts and capital on military and defense where it believes that there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value. The closing of the transaction is contingent upon Unusual Machines completing (i) an initial public offering that raises sufficient capital to close the transaction, and (ii) a listing on a public stock exchange such as the NYSE or Nasdaq. Results of Operations - Continuing Operations The analysis of the Company's results of continuing operations for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022 includes only the Company's Enterprise Segment which includes Teal Drones and Skypersonic. During Fiscal 2023, the operations of Skypersonic were consolidated into Teal. The following discussion and analysis describes the operating results of Teal and Skypersonic on a consolidated basis with Teal representing more than 90% of the operating activities of the Enterprise Segment. Discussion and Analysis of the Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 compared to the Three Months Ended July 31, 2022 Revenues Revenues totaled $1,748,129 during the three months ended July 31, 2023 (or the "2023 period") compared to $1,126,551 during the three months ended July 31, 2022 (or the "2022 period") representing an increase of $621,578, or 55%. The increase related exclusively to higher product sales related to the launch of the Teal 2 in April 2023. Product sales totaled $1,413,127 during the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to $700,214 during the three months ended July 31, 2022 representing an increase of $712,913, or more than 100%. The increase in product sales was partially offset by lower contract revenues during the 2023 period. Contract revenues totaled $310,881 during the 2023 period compared to $398,499 during the 2022 period, representing a decrease of $87,618, or 22%. Contract revenues are primarily sourced through government agencies and can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of awards and amendments. Gross Margin Gross margin totaled $174,665 during the 2023 period compared to $82,120 during the 2022 period representing an increase of $92,545, or more than 100%. On a percentage basis, gross margin was 10.0% during the 2023 period compared to 7.3% during the 2022 period. The percentage basis increase in gross margin in the 2023 period was primarily related to lower relative labor costs as recently hired manufacturing operators replaced higher compensated engineers in performing many production activities. Our manufacturing facility is presently producing drones at a lower level than it is designed for, and these lower production levels, combined with higher overhead costs, continue to result in lower than targeted gross margins. As production levels increase, our fixed overhead costs, including labor, will be allocated to a greater number of drones which will drive our per-drone production costs lower and increase gross margins. Operating Expenses Operations expenses totaled $707,903 during the 2023 period compared to $886,303 during the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $178,400, or 20%. This decrease is primarily due to lower payroll costs, controlled spending on manufacturing supplies, and lower office expenses related to fewer new hires in the 2023 period. Research and development expenses totaled $1,138,127 during the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to $449,964 during the three months ended July 31, 2022, representing an increase of $688,163, or more than 100% Payroll expense totaled $699,385 in the 2023 period compared to $316,223 in the 2022 period. This increase of $383,162, or more than 100%, primarily related to increased efforts in developing new products and represented 58% of the total increase in research and development costs. Higher professional services fees and increased office costs represented 22% and 16% of the increase, respectively. 25 Sales and marketing costs totaled $986,908 during the 2023 period compared to $406,953 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $579,955 or more than 100%. Headcount for sales, customer service, and marketing totaled 11 at the end of the 2023 period compared to 5 at the end of the 2022 period, resulting in total payroll expense of $428,464 in the 2023 period compared to $187,732 in the 2022 period. This increase of $240,732, or more than 100%, represented 42% of the total increase in sales and marketing costs. Higher office and travel-related expenses represented 32% and 19% of the increase, respectively. General and administrative expenses totaled $1,443,156 during the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to $1,062,404 during the three months ended July 31, 2022, representing an increase of $380,752 or 36%. Higher costs at the corporate level represented 57% of the increase. Corporate includes executive compensation and other administrative costs associated with operating a publicly traded company including departments such as finance, human resources, and administration. Other significant costs include professional services fees (legal, audit, and board compensation), Nasdaq listing fees and filing costs, and corporate insurance. Specific increases in costs included payroll which totaled $534,764 in the 2023 period compared to $353,135 in the 2022 period resulting in an increase of $181,629 or 48% of the total increase in general and administrative expenses. Legal and lobbying services costs totaled $281,587 in the 2023 period compared to $89,739, representing an increase of $191,848, or 50% of the total increase. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, we incurred stock-based compensation costs of $911,606 compared to $755,471 in the 2022 period, resulting in an increase of $156,135 or 21%. Since the 2022 period, the Company issued 3,900,542 additional options and 298,643 additional RSUs which resulted in incremental stock-based compensation costs of $442,639 and $93,749, respectively. This increase was partially offset by an RSU award that fully vested since the 2022 period, resulting in decremental stock-based compensation expense of $336,252. Other (Income) Expense Other expense totaled $554,740 during the 2023 period compared to $113,227 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $441,513 or greater than 100%. This increase in other expense was primarily related to higher depreciation and amortization expense which totaled $101,001 and $217,368, respectively, during the 2023 period compared to $28,272 and $56,160, respectively during the 2022 period resulting in an increase of $72,729 and $161,208, respectively, collectively representing 53% of the total increase in other expense. Higher depreciation expense related to approximately $2 million in capital expenditures since the 2022 period, primarily related to the construction of the new manufacturing facility in Salt Lake City, Utah. Higher amortization expense related to amortization of intangible assets acquired through acquisitions, especially Teal. Investment income totaled $130,296 during the three months ended July 31, 2022 compared to an investment loss of $239,490 during the three months ended July 31, 2023. During the 2023 period, the Company sold certain investment grade securities in order to fund operations. The fair value of these securities had been adversely impacted by the sharp increase in interest rates since the securities were acquired. Changes in the fair value of the derivative liability resulted in an expense of $92,922 during the 2022 period compared to income of $26,520 during the 2023 period, representing a net beneficial difference of $119,442. Net Loss from Continuing Operations Net loss from continuing operations totaled $5,567,775 for the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to $3,592,202 for the three months ended July 31, 2022, resulting in an increase of $1,975,573 or 55%. Total operating expenses totaled $5,187,700, or 93% of net loss from continuing operations. Higher operating expenses represented 82% of the total increase in the net loss and were driven by an increase in headcount from 63 at the end of the 2022 period to 74 at the end of the 2023 period which was an increase of 17%. Other expenses totaled $554,740 during the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to $113,227 for the three months ended July 31, 2022, representing an increase of $441,513, or more than 100%. The increase in other expenses represented 22% of the total increase in the net loss and were driven by a $369,786 decrease in investment income as the Company was forced to sell certain investment grade securities at a loss which were adversely impacted by a sharp increase in interest rates. Results of Discontinued Operations Revenue from discontinued operations totaled $1,869,219 for the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to $1,942,720 for the three months ended July 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $73,501 or 4%. During the 2023 period, Rotor Riot generated revenues totaling $1,243,907 compared to $888,419 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $355,488 or 40%. During the 2023 period, Rotor Riot’s higher revenues were generated by a significant increase in digital marketing spending. During the 2023 period, Fat Shark generated revenues totaling $625,312 compared to $1,054,301 during the 2022 period, representing a decrease of $428,989 or 41%. Lower revenues for the 2023 period related to its newest product, the Dominator, which was launched at the beginning of Fiscal 2023, and while it generated strong initial sales in the first quarter, sales declined significantly since the 2022 period. 26 Gross margin from discontinued operations totaled $484,103 during the 2023 period compared to $275,507 during the 2022 period representing an increase of $208,596, or 76%. On a percentage basis, gross margin from discontinued operations was 26% during the 2023 period compared to 14% during the 2022 period. The percentage basis increase in gross margin in the 2023 period primarily related to successful efforts to reduce tariff expenses for Rotor Riot’s inventory purchases. Operating expenses totaled $703.939 during the 2023 period compared to $495.028 during the 2022 period, resulting in an increase of $208,911, or 42%. This increase is primarily due to increased advertising expenses in the 2023 period. Net loss from discontinued operations totaled $242,573 for the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to $219,397 for the three months ended July 31, 2022, representing an increase of $23,176, or 11%. Cash Flows Operating Activities Net cash used in operating activities was $6,926,069 during the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $3,814,762 during the three months ended July 31, 2022, representing an increase of $3,111,307 or 82%. Net cash used in operations, net of non-cash expenses, totaled $4,071,684 during the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to $2,648,702 during the three months ended July 31, 2022, resulting in an increase of $1,422,982, or 54%. The higher use of cash primarily related to the expansion of the Teal Drones operations since its acquisition in August 2021. Headcount at Teal increased from 47 at the end of the 2022 period to 60 at the end of the 2023 period which was an increase of 28%. Net cash used related to changes in operating assets and liabilities totaled $2,854,385 during the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to $1,166,060 during the three months ended July 31, 2022, representing an increase of $1,688,325 or more than 100%. Changes in operating assets and liabilities can fluctuate significantly from period to period depending upon the timing and level of multiple factors, including inventory purchases and vendor payments. Net payments related to inventory, including deposits, totaled $1,804,886 in the 2023 period compared to $227,516 in the 2022 period, representing an increase of $1,577,370, or more than 100%. This increase represented 93% of the total increase in operating assets and liabilities. Investing Activities Net cash provided by investing activities was $4,883,345 during the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $7,659,707 during the three months ended July 31, 2022 resulting in a decrease of $2,776,362 or 36%. During the 2023 period, proceeds of $4,888,399 from the sale of marketable securities were used to fund operations. During the 2022 period, proceeds from the sale of marketable securities, net of purchases of marketable securities, totaled $8,204,649. During the 2023 period, the Company was spending the proceeds from the 2022 period stock offerings to support operations for the full year, whereas in the 2022 period the proceeds from the stock offerings were invested in marketable securities and also used to support operations for the second half of the 2022 period. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities totaled $146,509 during the three months ended July 31, 2023, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $685,281 during the three months ended July 31, 2022. Financing activities can vary from period to period depending upon market conditions, both at a macro-level and specific to the Company. During the 2023 period, the Company made payments of $8,520 related to payroll taxes on equity awards compared to payments of $469,631 during the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $461,111. This decrease represented 86% of the total decrease. The lower payments related to lower equity award vesting in the 2023 period compared to the 2022 period. Liquidity and Capital Resources At July 31, 2023, the Company reported current assets totaling $26,523,312, current liabilities totaling $3,577,912 and net working capital of $22,945,400. Cash and marketable securities totaled $8,875,169 at July 31, 2023. Inventory related balances, including pre-paid inventory, totaled $15,508,659. We continue to maintain higher-than-normal inventory balances related to the global supply chain issues, including chip shortages, which continue to impact the timing of our purchase decisions. 27 Going Concern The Company has never been profitable, and its net losses have been increasing related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, the Company incurred net losses of $5,567,775 from continuing operations and $242,573 from discontinued operations and used cash in operating activities of $6,926,069 from continuing operations and $356,109 from discontinued operations. As of July 31, 2023, the Company has working capital of $22,945,400. While the Company has historically been successful in raising capital to meet its working capital requirements, the ability to continue raising such capital to enable the Company to continue its growth is not guaranteed. Therefore, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern as the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations and meet its financial obligations for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, there is a risk that the Company could default on its financial obligations and could be required to discontinue or significantly reduce the scope of its operations. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts, or the amount and classification of liabilities or any other adjustment that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements. A complete summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. In general, management's estimates are based on historical experience, information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management. Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) determine stock-based compensation, (ii) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (iii) accounting for derivatives, and (iv) reserves and allowances related to accounts receivable and inventory. Goodwill and Long-lived Assets – Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross margin, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions our based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services. 28 Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows: Level 1 : Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date; Level 2 : Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and Level 3 : Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. Financial Instruments The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and current debt approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Derivative Liabilities The Company has financial instruments that are considered derivatives or contain embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Embedded derivatives are valued separately from the host instrument and are recognized as liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The Company measures these instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. In October 2020 and January 2021, the Company entered into convertible note agreements which included provisions under which the conversion price was equal to the lesser of an initial stated amount or the conversion price of a future offering. This variable conversion feature was recognized as a derivative. Both financings included the issuance of warrants which contained similar variable conversion features. The Company values these convertible notes and warrants using the multinomial lattice method. The valuation is updated each reporting date with the change in the liability reflected as a change in derivative liability in the statement of operations. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have no off-balance sheet arrangements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. These pronouncements did not have any material impact on the financial statements unless otherwise disclosed, and the Company does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations. 29 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We are a smaller reporting company and are not required to provide this information. ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of July 31, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) means controls and other procedures of the Company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in reports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of July 31, 2023. Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended July 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. PART II - OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS None. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required by this Item. Our most recent risk factor disclosures may be reviewed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2023, as filed with the SEC on July 27, 2023. ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES None. ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES None. 30 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans During the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.” ITEM 6. EXHIBITS Exhibit Description 10.1 First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement with Jeffrey Thompson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 22, 2023) 10.2 First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement with Allan Evans (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 22, 2023) 10.3 Amendment No. 2 to Share Purchase Agreement Amendment dated March 31, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14, 2023) 10.4 Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14, 2023) 10.5* Addendum to Executive Employment Agreement with Joseph Hernon 31.1* Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2* Certification of Principal Financial and accounting Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1# Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2 # Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) 101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document 101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) * Filed herewith. # This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act. 31 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. Date: September 19, 2023 Red Cat Holdings, Inc. By: /s/ Jeffrey Thompson Jeffrey Thompson Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Date: September 19, 2023 By: /s/ Joseph P. Hernon Joseph Hernon Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 32