RBB Bancorp 10-Q

rbb20210630_10q.htm      Table of Contents   UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549   FORM 10-Q   (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934   For the quarterly period ended June 30,  2021 or   ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934   For the transition period from ______ to ______   Commission File Number: 001-38149   RBB BANCORP (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)   California 27-2776416 (State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)   1055   Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 ,   Los Angeles , California 90017 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)   ( 213 ) 627-9888 (Registrant ’ s telephone number, including area code)   Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:   Title of each class   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of exchange on which registered Common Stock, No Par Value   RBB   NASDAQ Global Select Market   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   ☒    No  ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes   ☒    No  ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.   Large accelerated filer   ☐   Accelerated filer   ☒ Non-accelerated filer   ☐   Smaller reporting company   ☐ Emerging growth company   ☒           If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ☐     No  ☒   Number of shares of common stock of the registrant:   19,353,637 outstanding as of August 3, 2021.       Table of Contents          TABLE OF CONTENTS   PART I –  FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) 3 ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 3   NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 9 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT ’ S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 36   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 38   OVERVIEW 40   ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 41   ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION 50 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 67 ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 68 PART II - OTHER INFORMATION 69 ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 69 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 69 ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 69 ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES 69 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 69 ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION 69 ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 70 SIGNATURES   71   2 Table of Contents     PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)   ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)   RBB BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES   CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS JUNE 30, 2021   (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2020 (AUDITED) (In thousands, except share amounts)       June 30,     December 31,       2021     2020   Assets                 Cash and due from banks   $ 493,653     $ 137,654   Federal funds sold and other cash equivalents     110,000       57,000   Cash and cash equivalents     603,653       194,654   Interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions     600       600   Securities:                 Available for sale     339,568       210,867   Held to maturity (fair value of $7,042 and $7,603 at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)     6,664       7,174   Mortgage loans held for sale     9,246       49,963   Loans held for investment:                 Real estate     2,328,735       2,320,216   Commercial and other     385,838       392,066   Total loans     2,714,573       2,712,282   Unaccreted discount on acquired loans     ( 2,209 )     ( 2,872 ) Deferred loan fees, net     ( 3,158 )     ( 2,644 ) Total loans, net of deferred loan fees     2,709,206       2,706,766   Allowance for loan losses     ( 31,352 )     ( 29,337 ) Net loans     2,677,854       2,677,429                     Premises and equipment     27,039       27,103   Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock     15,000       15,641   Other real estate owned (OREO)     293       293   Cash surrender value of life insurance (BOLI)     55,325       35,121   Goodwill     69,243       69,243   Servicing assets     12,558       13,965   Core deposit intangibles     4,608       5,196   Right-of-use assets- operating leases     25,050       —   Accrued interest and other assets     43,937       42,823   Total assets   $ 3,890,638     $ 3,350,072     The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.   3 Table of Contents   RBB BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES   CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS JUNE 30, 2021   (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2020 (AUDITED) (CONTINUED) (In thousands, except share amounts)       June 30,     December 31,       2021     2020   Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity                 Deposits:                 Noninterest-bearing demand   $ 940,041     $ 617,206   Savings, NOW and money market accounts     858,597       731,084   Time deposits $250,000 and under     658,393       688,875   Time deposits over $250,000     612,894       597,963   Total deposits     3,069,925       2,635,128                     Reserve for unfunded commitments     1,216       1,383   FHLB advances     150,000       150,000   Long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs     172,718       104,391   Subordinated debentures     14,393       14,283   Lease liabilities - operating leases     25,798       —   Accrued interest and other liabilities     14,263       16,399   Total liabilities     3,448,313       2,921,584                     Commitments and contingencies - Note 13     —       —                     Shareholders' equity:                 Preferred Stock - 100,000,000 shares authorized, no par value; none outstanding     —       —   Common Stock - 100,000,000 shares authorized, no par value; 19,349,802 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and 19,565,921 shares issues and outstanding at December 31, 2020     280,253       284,261   Additional paid-in capital     5,275       4,932   Retained earnings     156,558       138,094   Non-controlling interest     72       72   Accumulated other comprehensive income, net     167       1,129   Total shareholders’ equity     442,325       428,488   Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity   $ 3,890,638     $ 3,350,072     The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.   4 Table of Contents     RBB BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES   CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME – (UNAUDITED) FOR THE   THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020 (In thousands, except per share amounts)       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended       June 30,     June 30,       2021     2020     2021     2020   Interest and dividend income:                                 Interest and fees on loans   $ 34,669     $ 32,633     $ 69,185     $ 64,909   Interest on interest-earning deposits     125       74       173       525   Interest on investment securities     794       887       1,421       1,708   Dividend income on FHLB stock     225       187       417       189   Interest on federal funds sold and other     158       322       315       800   Total interest income     35,971       34,103       71,511       68,131   Interest expense:                                 Interest on savings deposits, now and money market accounts     708       782       1,406       2,025   Interest on time deposits     2,410       5,933       5,374       13,019   Interest on subordinated debentures and long-term debt     2,356       1,915       4,314       3,871   Interest on other borrowed funds     440       439       875       589   Total interest expense     5,914       9,069       11,969       19,504   Net interest income     30,057       25,034       59,542       48,627   Provision for loan losses     628       3,009       2,128       4,954   Net interest income after provision for loan losses     29,429       22,025       57,414       43,673   Noninterest income:                                 Service charges, fees and other     1,374       1,065       2,784       2,144   Gain on sale of loans     2,572       81       6,413       2,792   Loan servicing fees, net of amortization     118       708       364       1,300   Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations     5       5       10       47   Unrealized loss on equity investments     ( 35 )     —       ( 55 )     —   (Loss)/Gain on derivatives     ( 80 )     —       145       —   Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance     217       191       404       382   Gain on sale of securities     —       158       —       158         4,171       2,208       10,065       6,823   Noninterest expense:                                 Salaries and employee benefits     8,742       8,103       17,984       17,608   Occupancy and equipment expenses     2,135       2,527       4,377       4,931   Data processing     1,231       882       2,671       2,024   Legal and professional     536       670       1,341       1,274   Office expenses     272       337       527       660   Marketing and business promotion     231       111       415       325   Insurance and regulatory assessments     354       234       702       411   Core deposit premium     287       357       588       714   OREO expenses     4       14       9       28   Merger expenses     17       276       59       679   Other expenses     871       1,308       1,799       2,428         14,680       14,819       30,472       31,082   Income before income taxes     18,920       9,414       37,007       19,414   Income tax expense     5,540       2,901       11,171       6,153   Net income   $ 13,380     $ 6,513     $ 25,836     $ 13,261                                     Net income per share                                 Basic   $ 0.69     $ 0.33     $ 1.32     $ 0.67   Diluted     0.67       0.33       1.30       0.66   Cash dividends declared per common share     0.13       0.06       0.25       0.12     The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.   5 Table of Contents     RBB BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES   CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – (UNAUDITED) FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020 (In thousands)       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended       June 30,     June 30,       2021     2020     2021     2020   Net income   $ 13,380     $ 6,513     $ 25,836     $ 13,261                                     Other comprehensive income (loss):                                 Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale:                                 Change in unrealized (losses) gains     448       919       ( 1,368 )     1,417   Reclassification of gains recognized in net income     —       ( 158 )     —       ( 158 )       448       761       ( 1,368 )     1,259   Related income tax effect:                                 Change in unrealized (gains) losses     ( 131 )     ( 271 )     406       ( 419 ) Reclassification of gains recognized in net income     —       47       —       47         ( 131 )     ( 224 )     406       ( 372 )                                   Total other comprehensive income (loss)     317       537       ( 962 )     887                                     Total comprehensive income   $ 13,697     $ 7,050     $ 24,874     $ 14,148     The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.   6 Table of Contents     RBB BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES   CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS ’ EQUITY – (UNAUDITED) FOR THE THREE AND   SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020 (In thousands, except share amounts)       Common Stock                             Accumulated               Shares     Amount     Additional Paid-in Capital     Retained Earnings     Non- Controlling Interest     Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)     Total   Balance at March 31, 2021     19,528,249     $ 282,845     $ 5,095     $ 147,806     $ 72     $ ( 150 )   $ 435,668   Net income     —       —       —       13,380       —       —       13,380   Stock-based compensation     —       —       315       —       —       —       315   Cash dividend     —       —       —       ( 2,540 )     —       —       ( 2,540 ) Stock options exercised, net of expense recognized     43,976       466       —       —       —       —       466   Repurchase of common stock     ( 222,423 )     ( 3,058 )     ( 135 )     ( 2,088 )     —       —       ( 5,281 ) Other comprehensive income, net of taxes     —       —       —       —       —       317       317   Balance at June 30, 2021     19,349,802     $ 280,253     $ 5,275     $ 156,558     $ 72     $ 167     $ 442,325                                                             Balance at March 31, 2020     19,739,280     $ 286,350     $ 4,833     $ 116,149     $ 72     $ 589     $ 407,993   Net income     —       —       —       6,513       —       —       6,513   Stock-based compensation     —       —       166       —       —       —       166   Cash dividend     —       —       —       ( 1,184 )     —       —       ( 1,184 ) Other comprehensive income, net of taxes     —       —       —       —       —       537       537   Balance at June 30, 2020     19,739,280     $ 286,350     $ 4,999     $ 121,478     $ 72     $ 1,126     $ 414,025           Common Stock                             Accumulated               Shares     Amount     Additional Paid-in Capital     Retained Earnings     Non- Controlling Interest     Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)     Total   Balance at December 31, 2020     19,565,921     $ 284,261     $ 4,932     $ 138,094     $ 72     $ 1,129     $ 428,488   Net income     —       —       —       25,836       —       —       25,836   Stock-based compensation     —       —       602       —       —       —       602   Restricted stock granted     60,000       —       —       —       —       —       —   Cash dividend     —       —       —       ( 4,887 )     —       —       ( 4,887 ) Stock options exercised, net of expense recognized     76,265       930       ( 124 )     —       —       —       806   Repurchase of common stock     ( 352,384 )     ( 4,938 )     ( 135 )     ( 2,486 )     —       —       ( 7,559 ) Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes     —       —       —       —       —       ( 962 )     ( 962 ) Balance at June 30, 2021     19,349,802     $ 280,253     $ 5,275     $ 156,558     $ 72     $ 167     $ 442,325                                                             Balance at December 31, 2019     20,030,866     $ 290,395     $ 4,938     $ 112,046     $ 72     $ 239     $ 407,690   Net income     —       —       —       13,261       —       —       13,261   Stock-based compensation     —       —       327       —       —       —       327   Cash dividend     —       —       —       ( 3,598 )     —       —       ( 3,598 ) Stock options exercised, net of expense recognized     56,498       978       ( 266 )     —       —       —       712   Repurchase of common stock     ( 348,084 )     ( 5,023 )     —       ( 231 )     —       —       ( 5,254 ) Other comprehensive income, net of taxes     —       —       —       —       —       887       887   Balance at June 30, 2020     19,739,280     $ 286,350     $ 4,999     $ 121,478     $ 72     $ 1,126     $ 414,025     The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.   7 Table of Contents     RBB BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES   CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – (UNAUDITED) FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020 (In thousands)       Six Months Ended       June 30,       2021     2020   Operating activities                 Net income   $ 25,836     $ 13,261   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from Operating activities:                 Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment     980       1,032   Net accretion of securities, loans, deposits, and other     ( 369 )     ( 2,121 ) Unrealized loss on equity securities     55       —   Amortization of investment in affordable housing tax credits     519       494   Amortization of intangible assets     3,411       2,734   Amortization of right-of-use asset     2,618       —   Change in operating lease liabilities     ( 2,512 )     —   Provision for loan losses     2,128       4,954   Stock-based compensation     602       327   Gain on sale of securities     —       ( 158 ) Gain on sale of loans     ( 6,413 )     ( 2,792 ) Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance     ( 404 )     ( 382 ) Loans originated and purchased for sale, net     ( 108,425 )     ( 51,561 ) Proceeds from loans sold     216,770       111,047   Other items     ( 2,469 )     ( 6,734 ) Net cash provided by operating activities     132,327       70,101   Investing activities                 Securities available for sale:                 Purchases     ( 372,303 )     ( 339,790 ) Maturities, prepayments and calls     242,162       274,209   Sales     —       7,911   Securities held to maturity:                 Maturities, prepayments and calls     500       705   Purchase of other equity securities, net     ( 43 )     —   Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock     641       —   Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other equity securities, net     —       ( 26 ) Net increase of investment in qualified affordable housing projects     ( 453 )     ( 2,036 ) Net increase in loans     ( 64,521 )     ( 188,693 ) Purchase of bank owned life insurance     ( 19,800 )     —   Net cash received in connection with acquisition     —       6,634   Purchases of premises and equipment     ( 895 )     ( 121 ) Net cash used in investing activities     ( 214,712 )     ( 241,207 ) Financing activities                 Net increase (decrease) in demand deposits and savings accounts     450,349       ( 8,120 ) Net increase (decrease) in time deposits     ( 15,436 )     7,447   Advances on long-term FHLB advances     —       150,000   Cash dividends paid     ( 4,887 )     ( 3,598 ) Redemption of subordinated debentures     ( 50,000 )     —   Issuance of subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs     118,111       —   Common stock repurchased, net of repurchased costs     ( 7,559 )     ( 5,254 ) Exercise of stock options     806       712   Net cash provided by financing activities     491,384       141,187   Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents     408,999       ( 29,919 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period     194,654       181,763   Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 603,653     $ 151,844   Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information                 Cash paid during the period:                 Interest paid   $ 11,357     $ 20,294   Taxes paid     15,100       —   Non-cash investing and financing activities:                 Loans transfer to (from) held for sale, net     61,215       ( 36,021 ) Loan to facilitate OREO     —       1,020   Additions to servicing assets     1,416       897   Net change in unrealized holding gain on securities available for sale     962       887   Recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets     ( 27,668 )     —   Recognition of operating lease liabilities     27,668       —   Acquisition:                 Assets acquired, net of cash received     —       183,475   Liabilities assumed     —       200,755   Cash considerations     —       32,885   Goodwill     —       10,646     The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.   8 Table of Contents   RBB BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES   NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (UNAUDITED)       NOTE 1 - BUSINESS DESCRIPTION   RBB Bancorp (“RBB”) is a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. RBB Bancorp’s principal business is to serve as the holding company for its wholly-owned banking subsidiaries, Royal Business Bank ("Bank") and RBB Asset Management Company ("RAM"), collectively referred to herein as "the Company". RAM was formed to hold and manage problem assets acquired in business combinations.   At June  30, 2021, the Company had total consolidated assets of $ 3.9  billion, gross consolidated loans (held for investment and held for sale) of $ 2.7  billion, total consolidated deposits of $ 3.1  billion and total consolidated stockholders' equity of $ 442.3  million. RBB’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “RBB”.   The Bank provides business-banking services to the Chinese-American communities in Los Angeles County, Orange County and Ventura County in California, in Las Vegas, Nevada, the New York City, New York metropolitan area, including Edison, New Jersey, and Chicago, Illinois. Specific services include remote deposit, E-banking, mobile banking, commercial and investor real estate loans, business loans and lines of credit, Small Business Administration (“SBA”)  7A  and  504  loans, mortgage loans, trade finance and a full range of depository accounts.   The Company operates full-service banking offices in Arcadia, Cerritos, Diamond Bar, Irvine, Los Angeles, Monterey Park, Oxnard, Rowland Heights, San Gabriel, Silver Lake, Torrance, and Westlake Village, California; Las Vegas, Nevada; Manhattan, Brooklyn, Flushing, and Elmhurst, New York; the Chinatown and Bridgeport neighborhoods of Chicago, Illinois; and Edison, New Jersey. The Company’s primary source of revenue is providing loans to customers, who are predominantly small and middle-market businesses and individuals.   The Company generates its revenue primarily from interest received on loans and leases and, to a lesser extent, from interest received on investment securities. The Company also derives income from noninterest sources, such as fees received in connection with various lending and deposit services, loan servicing, gain on sales of loans and wealth management services. The Company’s principle expenses include interest expense on deposits and subordinated debentures, and operating expenses, such as salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, data processing, and income tax expense.   The Company has completed six acquisitions from July 2011 through January 2020, including the acquisition of Pacific Global Bank Holdings, Inc. (“PGBH”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Pacific Global Bank (“PGB”), in which the PGBH acquisition closed on January 10, 2020. PGB operated branches in the Chicago neighborhoods of Chinatown and Bridgeport. See Note 3 – Acquisition, for more information about the PGBH acquisition transaction. All of the Company’s acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the operating results of the acquired entities have been included in the consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates.       NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES   Basis of Presentation   The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for Form 10 -Q and conform to practices within the banking industry and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. These interim unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10 -K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 ( our “2020 Annual Report”).   Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements   The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. It is reasonably possible our estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the fair value of mortgage servicing rights could change as actual results could differ from those estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates.   9 Table of Contents   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies   The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were compiled in accordance with the accounting policies set forth in Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Policies in our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in our 2020 Annual Report.  The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issues Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU" or “Update”) and Accounting Standards Codifications (“ASC”), which are the primary source of GAAP.   Recent Accounting Pronouncements   When RBB conducted its initial public offering (“IPO”) in 2017, we qualified as an emerging growth company (“EGC”). We will remain an EGC until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.0 billion or more, (ii) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three -year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt and (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We anticipate no longer qualifying as an EGC on December 31, 2022. EGCs are entitled to reduced regulatory and reporting requirements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Exchange Act, as compared to public business entities ("PBE").   In  February 2016,  the FASB issued ASU  2016 - 02,  Leases (Topic  842 ). The most significant change for lessees is the requirement under the new guidance to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases  not  considered short-term leases, which is generally defined as a lease term of less than  12  months. This change will result in lessees recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases currently accounted for as operating leases under current lease accounting guidance. The amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after  December 15, 2020  and for interim periods beginning after  December 15, 2021,  for an EGC as the effective date was deferred by the FASB. The Company has several lease agreements, which are currently considered operating leases and are therefore  not  included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the new guidance, the Company recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets right-of-use assets with a corresponding lease liability.  The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2021 and recorded the right-of-use asset and lease liability of approximately $ 26.8  million as of the  January 1, 2021  adoption date.   In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (Topic 326 ), including subsequent amending ASUs. This ASU significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today's "incurred loss" approach with an "expected loss" model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model, will apply to: ( 1 ) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and ( 2 ) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes, but is not limited to, loans, leases, held to maturity securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees. For available for sale (“AFS”) debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. ASU 2016 - 13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity's assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses.  In addition, public business entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. ASU 2016 - 13 was originally proposed to be effective for interim and annual reporting periods for an emerging growth company beginning after December 15, 2020, but was subsequently extended until December 31, 2022. Entities will apply the standard's provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (i.e., modified retrospective approach). The Company has begun its evaluation of the impact of the implementation of ASU 2016 - 13. The implementation of the provisions of ASU 2016 - 13 will most likely impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements as to the level of reserves that will be required for credit losses. The Company will continue to assess the potential impact that this Update will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  The Company will adopt CECL (ASU 2016 - 13 ) on December 31, 2022.   10 Table of Contents   In February 2019, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies approved a final rule modifying their regulatory capital rules and providing an option to phase in over a three year period the day- one adverse regulatory capital effects of ASU 2016 - 13. Additionally, in March 2020, the U.S. federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that provides banking organizations an option to delay the estimated CECL impact on regulatory capital for an additional two years for a total transition period of up to five years to provide regulatory relief to banking organizations to better focus on supporting lending to creditworthy households and businesses in light of recent strains on the U.S. economy as a result of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID- 19" ) pandemic. As a result, entities will have the option to gradually phase in the full effect of CECL on regulatory capital over a five -year transition period.   In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017 - 04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350 ). This Update simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The amendments in this Update are required for public business entities and other entities that have goodwill reported in their financial statements and have not elected the private company alternative for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. As a result, under this Update, “an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.” For PBE's, ASU 2017 - 04 is effective for annual and any interim impairment tests performed in periods beginning after December 15, 2019. As an EGC, the Company will adopt this ASU on December 31, 2022. Adoption of ASU 2017 - 04 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.   In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018 - 07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718 ): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendments in this Update expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide ( 1 ) financing to the issuer or ( 2 ) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For EGCs, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This Update has the potential to only impact share-based payments to members of the Company’s non-employees. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2020 and this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.   In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018 - 13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820 ): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on the concepts in the Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. These disclosure requirements were removed from the topic: ( 1 ) The amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, ( 2 ) the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and ( 3 ) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. These disclosure requirements were modified: ( 1 ) For investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value, an entity is required to disclose the timing of liquidation of an investee’s assets and the date when restrictions from redemption might lapse only if the investee has communicated the timing to the entity or announced the timing publicly, and ( 2 ) the amendments clarify that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date. The following disclosure requirements were added: ( 1 ) The changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period, ( 2 ) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information (such as the median or arithmetic average) in lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. In addition, the amendments eliminate “at a minimum” from the phrase “an entity shall disclose at a minimum to promote the appropriate exercise of discretion by entities when considering fair value measurement disclosures and to clarify that materiality is an appropriate consideration of entities and their auditors when evaluating disclosure requirements”. The amendments in this Update are effective for EGCs for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. As an EGC, the Company adopted this Update on January 1, 2020 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.   11 Table of Contents   In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018 - 15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350 - 40 ): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. This Update provides additional guidance to ASU 2015 - 05, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350 - 40 ): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement” (CCA), on the accounting for implementation, setup, and other upfront costs (collectively referred to as implementation costs) apply to entities that are a customer in a hosting arrangement. This Update applies to entities that are a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. Costs for implementation activities in the application development stage are capitalized depending on the nature of the costs, while costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as the activities are performed. This Update also requires the customer to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement. This Update is effective for an EGC for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption of the amendments in this Update is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for all entities. The amendments in this Update should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. This Update will most likely not have a material impact unless the Company incurs implementation costs for a CCA that is a service contract.   In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020 - 01, “Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321 ), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323 ), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815 )”. This ASU is for equity securities accounted for by the equity method. The amendment clarifies that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321 immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method.  The Company has equity securities on our balance sheet but are not material to be considered for the equity method. For an EGC, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2022.   In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020 - 02, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326 ) and Leases (Topic 842 )—Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016 - 02, Leases (Topic 842 ) (SEC Update)”. This is an amendment to add the SEC Staff guidance on CECL) to the FASB codification. It contains guidance on what the SEC would expect the Company to perform and document when measuring and recording its allowance for credit losses for financial assets recorded at amortized cost. As an EGC, the Company will implement CECL on December 31, 2022.   In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020 - 03, “Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments”. The ASU clarifies the accounting and disclosure guidance in various codification topics for financial instruments. In particular, the amendments ( 1 ) clarify certain disclosure requirements, including fair value option disclosures, ( 2 ) add cross-references in U.S. GAAP to clarify certain guidance, ( 3 ) make clear the applicability of the portfolio exception in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, to nonfinancial items, ( 4 ) clarify the determination of the contractual life of a net investment in leases in estimating expected credit losses under ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, and ( 5 ) explain the interaction between the guidance in ASC 860 - 20, Transfers and Servicing: Sales of Financial Assets, and ASC 326. For RBB as an EGC, issues  1,   2,   4  and  5  were adopted  January 1, 2020.  The amendment related to Issue  3  is a conforming amendment that affects the guidance in the amendments in ASU  2019 - 04.  We determined the financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements was  not  material.   In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020 - 04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 ), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting," which provides temporary optional expedients to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to an alternative reference rate such as Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). This pronouncement is applicable to all companies with contracts or hedging relationships that reference an interest rate that is expected to be discontinued. The ASU provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. Companies can apply the ASU immediately. However, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). For contract modifications, companies can account for the modification as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis. For held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities, one -time sale and/or transfer to available-for-sale or trading may be made for HTM debt securities that both reference an eligible reference rate and were classified as HTM before January 1, 2020. Regarding the effective date and transition: ( 1 ) companies can apply the ASU as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020 ( e.g. January 1, 2020 for calendar year-end companies) or any date thereafter, ( 2 ) the ASU applies prospectively to contract modifications and hedging relationships, and ( 3 ) the one -time election to sell and/or transfer debt securities classified as HTM may be made at any time after March 12, 2020. The optional relief generally does not apply to contract modifications made, sales and transfers of HTM debt securities, and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022. The guidance was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. Of the Company’s $ 2.7  billion in total gross loans as of June  30, 2021, approximately 11 % have a LIBOR based reference rate. The Company has several issuances of LIBOR based long-term debt and subordinated debentures. Refer to Notes 9 and 10 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10 -Q.  The Company is developing new SOFR-based loan products that will be equivalent to prior LIBOR-based loan products.  We anticipate a neutral financial impact.   In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020 - 05, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606 ) and Leases (Topic 842 ): Effective Dates for Certain Entities”. This ASU allows for the deferral of the effective dates of ASC 606 and ASC 842 (including amendments issued after the issuance of the original Update) to provide immediate, near-term relief for certain entities for whom these Updates are either currently effective or imminently effective.  The Company has already implemented this ASU for Topic 606 and Topic 842.   12 Table of Contents     NOTE 3 – ACQUISITION   PGB Holdings, Inc. Acquisition:   On January 10, 2020, the Company acquired all the assets and assumed all the liabilities of PGBH and its wholly owned bank subsidiary, in exchange for cash of $ 32.9 million. PGBH operated three branches in the Chicago, Illinois metropolitan area. The Company acquired PGBH to strategically establish a presence in the Chicago area. Goodwill in the amount of $ 10.7  million was recognized in this acquisition. Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from net assets acquired that are not individually identified and separately recognized and is attributable to synergies expected to be derived from the combination of the two entities. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.   The following table represents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of PGBH as of January 10, 2020 and the fair value adjustments and amounts recorded by the Company in 2020 under the acquisition method of accounting:       PGBH     Fair Value     Fair   (dollars in thousands)   Book Value     Adjustments     Value   Assets acquired                         Cash and cash equivalents   $ 17,033     $ —     $ 17,033   Fed funds sold     8,300       —       8,300   Interest-bearing deposits in other financial Institutions     14,186       —       14,186   Loans, gross     172,443       666       173,109   Allowance for loan losses     ( 2,265 )     2,265       —   Bank premises and equipment     6,394       1,639       8,033   Core deposit premium     —       491       491   Investment in trust     155       —       155   Other assets     1,687       ( 580 )     1,107   Total assets acquired   $ 217,933     $ 4,481     $ 222,414                             Liabilities assumed                         Deposits   $ 187,393     $ 969     $ 188,362   Escrow Payable     4,277       —       4,277   Subordinated debentures     5,155       ( 763 )     4,392   Deferred income taxes     1,016       1,335       2,351   Other liabilities     1,211       ( 384 )     827   Total liabilities assumed     199,052       1,157       200,209   Excess of assets acquired over liabilities assumed     18,881       3,324       22,205       $ 217,933     $ 4,481           Cash paid                     32,885   Goodwill recognized                   $ 10,680     The fair values are estimates and were subject to adjustment for up to one year after the merger date.    The Company accounted for these transactions under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires purchased assets and liabilities assumed to be recorded at their respective fair values at the date of acquisition.   The loan portfolio of PGBH was recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition with the assistance of a third -party valuation. A valuation of PGBH’s loan portfolio was performed as of the acquisition date to assess the fair value of the loan portfolio. The loan portfolio was segmented into two groups; loans with credit deterioration and loans without credit deterioration, and then split further by loan type. The fair value was calculated on an individual loan basis using a discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate utilized was based on a weighted average cost of capital, considering the cost of equity and cost of debt. Also factored into the fair value estimates were loss rates, recovery period and prepayment rates based on industry standards.   The Company also determined the fair value of the core deposit intangible, securities, premises and equipment, deposits and debt with the assistance of third -party valuations.   The core deposit intangible on non-maturing deposits was determined by evaluating the underlying characteristics of the deposit relationships, including customer attrition, deposit interest rates, service charge income, overhead expense and costs of alternative funding. Since the fair value of intangible assets are calculated as if they were stand-alone assets, the presumption is that a hypothetical buyer of the intangible asset would be able to take advantage of potential tax benefits resulting from the asset purchase. The value of the benefit is the present value over the period of the tax benefit, using the discount rate applicable to the asset.   13 Table of Contents   In determining the fair value of certificates of deposit, a discounted cash flow analysis was used, which involved present valuing the contractual payments over the remaining life of the certificates of deposit at market-based interest rates.   For loans acquired from PGBH, the contractual amounts due, expected cash flows to be collected, interest component and fair value as of the respective acquisition dates were as follows:   (dollars in thousands)   PGBH Acquired Loans   Contractual amounts due   $ 195,227   Cash flows not expected to be collected     5,176   Expected cash flows     190,051   Interest component of expected cash flows     16,942   Fair value of acquired loans   $ 173,109     The operating results of the Company for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively include the operating results of PGBH since its acquisition date. The following table presents the net interest and other income, net income and earnings per share as if the acquisition of PGBH was effective as of January 1, 2020. There were no material, nonrecurring adjustments to the pro forma net interest and other income, net income and earnings per share presented below:       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended   (dollars in thousands)   June 30, 2021     June 30, 2020     June 30, 2021     June 30, 2020   Net interest and other income   $ 34,228     $ 27,242     $ 69,607     $ 55,684   Net income     13,380       6,513       25,836       12,095   Basic earnings per share     0.69       0.33       1.32       0.61   Diluted earnings per share     0.67       .0.33       1.30       0.60     Third-party acquisition related expenses are recognized as incurred and continue until the acquired system is converted and operational functions become fully integrated. The Company incurred third -party acquisition related expenses in the consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated in the Statements of Income in the expense item “Merger expenses”.   14 Table of Contents       NOTE 4 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES   The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of available for sale (“AFS”) debt securities and held to maturity (“HTM”) debt securities as of June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:               Gross     Gross           (dollars in thousands)   Amortized     Unrealized     Unrealized     Fair   June 30, 2021   Cost     Gains     Losses     Value   Available for sale                                 Government agency securities   $ 1,087     $ 22     $ —     $ 1,109   SBA agency securities     3,773       215       —       3,988   Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies     62,037       198       ( 196 )     62,039   Collateralized mortgage obligations     114,603       259       ( 630 )     114,232   Commercial paper     102,476       1       ( 25 )     102,452   Corporate debt securities     42,638       639       ( 125 )     43,152   Municipal securities     12,718       2       ( 124 )     12,596   Total   $ 339,332     $ 1,336     $ ( 1,100 )   $ 339,568                                     Held to maturity                                 Municipal taxable securities   $ 1,907     $ 103     $ —     $ 2,010   Municipal securities     4,757       275       —       5,032   Total   $ 6,664     $ 378     $ —     $ 7,042                   Gross     Gross           (dollars in thousands)   Amortized     Unrealized     Unrealized     Fair   December 31, 2020   Cost     Gains     Losses     Value   Available for sale                                 Government agency securities   $ 1,257     $ 37     $ —     $ 1,294   SBA agency securities     4,125       269       —       4,394   Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies     17,415       270       ( 8 )     17,677   Collateralized mortgage obligations     48,476       491       ( 93 )     48,874   Commercial paper     102,462       —       ( 14 )     102,448   Corporate debt securities     33,907       662       ( 6 )     34,563   Municipal securities     1,621       2       ( 6 )     1,617   Total   $ 209,263     $ 1,731     $ ( 127 )   $ 210,867                                     Held to maturity                                 Municipal taxable securities   $ 2,407     $ 139     $ —     $ 2,546   Municipal securities     4,767       290       —       5,057   Total   $ 7,174     $ 429     $ —     $ 7,603     One security with a fair value of $ 203,000  and $ 320,000 at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, was pledged to secure a local agency deposit.   There were no sales of investment securities during the three and six months ended June  30, 2021. Proceeds of $ 7.9 million were received from the sale of investment securities during the three and six months of June 30, 2020. There were $ 158,000 of gains realized on sales of investment securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.   15 Table of Contents   The amortized cost and fair value of the investment securities portfolio at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are shown by expected maturity below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.       Less than One Year     More than One Year to Five Years     More than Five Years to Ten Years     More than Ten Years     Total       Amortized     Estimated     Amortized     Estimated     Amortized     Estimated     Amortized     Estimated     Amortized     Estimated   (dollars in thousands)   Cost     Fair Value     Cost     Fair Value     Cost     Fair Value     Cost     Fair Value     Cost     Fair Value   June 30, 2021                                                                                 Government agency securities   $ —     $ —     $ 1,087     $ 1,109     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 1,087     $ 1,109   SBA securities     —       —       536       563       3,237       3,425       —       —       3,773       3,988   Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies     5,002       4,998       40,984       41,077       16,051       15,964       —       —       62,037       62,039   Collateralized mortgage obligations     —       —       71,320       71,052       43,283       43,180       —       —       114,603       114,232   Commercial paper     102,476       102,452       —       —       —       —       —       —       102,476       102,452   Corporate debt securities     12,992       13,032       6,806       6,989       20,144       20,471       2,696       2,660       42,638       43,152   Municipal securities     —       —       —       —       —       —       12,718       12,596       12,718       12,596   Total available for sale   $ 120,470     $ 120,482     $ 120,733     $ 120,790     $ 82,715     $ 83,040     $ 15,414     $ 15,256     $ 339,332     $ 339,568                                                                                     Municipal taxable securities   $ 900     $ 902     $ 1,007     $ 1,108     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 1,907     $ 2,010   Municipal securities     —       —       —       —       1,747       1,832       3,010       3,200       4,757       5,032   Total held to maturity   $ 900     $ 902     $ 1,007     $ 1,108     $ 1,747     $ 1,832     $ 3,010     $ 3,200     $ 6,664     $ 7,042   (dollars in thousands)                                                                                 December 31, 2020                                                                                 Government agency securities   $ —     $ —     $ 1,257     $ 1,294     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 1,257     $ 1,294   SBA securities     —       —       595       625       3,530       3,769       —       —       4,125       4,394   Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies     7,992       7,987       9,423       9,690       —       —       —       —       17,415       17,677   Collateralized mortgage obligations     —       —       11,911       12,258       36,565       36,616       —       —       48,476       48,874   Commercial paper     102,462       102,448       —       —       —       —       —       —       102,462       102,448   Corporate debt securities     4,991       5,029       11,683       11,740       13,233       13,743       4,000       4,051       33,907       34,563   Municipal securities     —       —       —       —       —       —       1,621       1,617       1,621       1,617   Total available for sale   $ 115,445     $ 115,464     $ 34,869     $ 35,607     $ 53,328     $ 54,128     $ 5,621     $ 5,668     $ 209,263     $ 210,867                                                                                     Municipal taxable securities   $ 899     $ 910     $ 1,508     $ 1,636     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 2,407     $ 2,546   Municipal securities     —       —       —       —       874       925       3,893       4,132       4,767       5,057   Total held to maturity   $ 899     $ 910     $ 1,508     $ 1,636     $ 874     $ 925     $ 3,893     $ 4,132     $ 7,174     $ 7,603     The following table summarizes investment securities with unrealized losses at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:       Less than Twelve Months     Twelve Months or More     Total   (dollars in thousands)   Unrealized Losses     Estimated Fair Value     No. of Issuances     Unrealized Losses     Estimated Fair Value     No. of Issuances     Unrealized Losses     Estimated Fair Value     No. of Issuances   June 30, 2021                                                                         Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies   $ ( 196 )   $ 47,525       12     $ —     $ —       —     $ ( 196 )   $ 47,525       12   Collateralized mortgage obligations     ( 630 )     88,183       19       —       —       —       ( 630 )     88,183       19   Commercial paper     ( 25 )     59,955       8       —       —       —       ( 25 )     59,955       8   Corporate debt securities     ( 125 )     7,865       5       —       —       —       ( 125 )     7,865       5   Municipal securities     ( 124 )     8,602       9       —       —       —       ( 124 )     8,602       9   Total available for sale   $ ( 1,100 )   $ 212,130       53     $ —     $ —       —     $ ( 1,100 )   $ 212,130       53         Less than Twelve Months     Twelve Months or More     Total                                                                             (dollars in thousands)   Unrealized Losses     Estimated Fair Value     No. of Issuances     Unrealized Losses     Estimated Fair Value     No. of Issuances     Unrealized Losses     Estimated Fair Value     No. of Issuances   December 31, 2020                                                                         Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies   $ ( 8 )   $ 12,982       3     $ —     $ —       —     $ ( 8 )   $ 12,982       3   Collateralized mortgage obligations     ( 93 )     28,521       6       —       —       —       ( 93 )     28,521       6   Commercial paper     ( 14 )     16,982       4       —       —       —       ( 14 )     16,982       4   Corporate debt securities     ( 6 )     994       2       —       —       —       ( 6 )     994       2   Municipal securities     ( 6 )     1,092       2       —       —       —       ( 6 )     1,092       2   Total available for sale   $ ( 127 )   $ 60,571       17     $ —     $ —       —     $ ( 127 )   $ 60,571       17     16 Table of Contents   Unrealized losses have not been recognized into income because the issuer bonds are of high credit quality, management does not intend to sell, it is not more likely than not that management would be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.   Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings.   Equity Securities  - The Company recorded a loss of $ 35,000 and $ 55,000 for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021, respectively, due to the decrease in the fair value of equity investments without readily determinable fair values. The Company recognized no net gain or loss for the same periods a year ago. Equity securities were $ 14.8  million as of  June  30, 2021 and $ 14.9 million as of December 31, 2020.       NOTE 5 - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES   The Company's loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to borrowers within the Southern California metropolitan area, the New York City metropolitan area, the Chicago, Illinois metropolitan area, Las Vegas, Nevada and Edison, New Jersey. Although the Company seeks to avoid concentrations of loans to a single industry or based upon a single class of collateral, real estate and real estate associated businesses are among the principal industries in the Company's market area and, as a result, the Company's loan and collateral portfolios are, to some degree, concentrated in those industries.   The following tables present the balance and activity related to the allowance for loan losses for held for investment loans by type for the periods presented.       For the Three Months Ended June 30,       2021     2020   (dollars in thousands)   Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total     Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total   Allowance for loan losses:                                                                                 Beginning balance   $ 25,934     $ 4,781     $ 46     $ 34     $ 30,795     $ 16,391     $ 3,692     $ 16     $ 31     $ 20,130   Provisions     567       96       ( 30 )     ( 5 )     628       2,594       440       6       ( 31 )     3,009   Charge-offs     ( 67 )     ( 90 )     —       —       ( 157 )     —       ( 319 )     —       —       ( 319 ) Recoveries     —       —       86       —       86       —       —       —       —       —       $ 26,434     $ 4,787     $ 102     $ 29     $ 31,352     $ 18,985     $ 3,813     $ 22     $ —     $ 22,820           For the Six Months Ended June 30,       2021     2020   (dollars in thousands)   Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total     Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total   Allowance for loan losses:                                                                                 Beginning balance   $ 24,677     $ 4,617     $ 43     $ —     $ 29,337     $ 15,118     $ 3,588     $ 9     $ 101     $ 18,816   Provisions     1,824       260       15       29       2,128       3,867       1,175       13       ( 101 )     4,954   Charge-offs     ( 67 )     ( 90 )     ( 42 )     —       ( 199 )     —       ( 950 )     —       —       ( 950 ) Recoveries     —       —       86       —       86       —       —       —       —       —       $ 26,434     $ 4,787     $ 102     $ 29     $ 31,352     $ 18,985     $ 3,813     $ 22     $ —     $ 22,820           For the year ended December 31, 2020   (dollars in thousands)   Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total   Allowance for loan losses:                                         Beginning balance   $ 15,118     $ 3,588     $ 9     $ 101     $ 18,816   Provisions     9,559       2,286       79       ( 101 )     11,823   Charge-offs     —       ( 1,258 )     ( 45 )     —       ( 1,303 ) Recoveries     —       1       —       —       1       $ 24,677     $ 4,617     $ 43     $ —     $ 29,337     17 Table of Contents   The following table presents the recorded investment in loans and impairment method as of June  30, 2021 and 2020  and December 31, 2020, by portfolio segment:   (dollars in thousands)                                         June 30, 2021   Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total   Reserves:                                         Specific   $ —     $ 440     $ —     $ —     $ 440   General     26,434       4,347       102       29       30,912   Total allowance for loan losses   $ 26,434     $ 4,787     $ 102     $ 29     $ 31,352   Loans evaluated for impairment:                                         Individually   $ 12,032     $ 7,211     $ —     $ —     $ 19,243   Collectively     2,311,711       368,441       9,811       —       2,689,963   Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and unaccreted discount on acquired loans   $ 2,323,743     $ 375,652     $ 9,811     $ —     $ 2,709,206     June 30, 2020   Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total   Reserves:                                         Specific   $ —     $ 117     $ 1     $ —     $ 118   General     18,985       3,696       21       —       22,702   Total allowance for loan losses   $ 18,985     $ 3,813     $ 22     $ —     $ 22,820   Loans evaluated for impairment:                                         Individually   $ 5,163     $ 11,965     $ 89     $ —     $ 17,217   Collectively     2,215,820       359,585       1,998       —       2,577,403   Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and unaccreted discount on acquired loans   $ 2,220,983     $ 371,550     $ 2,087     $ —     $ 2,594,620     December 31, 2020   Real Estate     Commercial     Other     Unallocated     Total   Reserves:                                         Specific   $ —     $ 525     $ —     $ —     $ 525   General     24,677       4,092       43       —       28,812   Total allowance for loan losses   $ 24,677     $ 4,617     $ 43     $ —     $ 29,337   Loans evaluated for impairment:                                         Individually   $ 10,514     $ 9,025     $ 15     $ —     $ 19,554   Collectively     2,304,203       378,935       4,074       —       2,687,212   Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and unaccreted discount on acquired loans   $ 2,314,717     $ 387,960     $ 4,089     $ —     $ 2,706,766     The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis typically includes larger, non-homogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:   Pass - Loans classified as pass include loans not meeting the risk ratings defined below.   Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution's credit position at some future date.   Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.   Impaired - A loan is considered impaired, when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Additionally, all loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired.   18 Table of Contents   The risk category of loans by class of loans was as follows at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:   (dollars in thousands)           Special                           June 30, 2021   Pass     Mention     Substandard     Impaired     Total   Real estate:                                         Construction and land development   $ 234,235     $ 2,565     $ —     $ 165     $ 236,965   Commercial real estate     1,047,349       507       52,711       1,900       1,102,467   Single-family residential mortgages     973,650       —       694       9,967       984,311   Commercial:                                         Commercial and industrial     263,193       —       13,010       877       277,080   SBA     83,168       5,222       3,848       6,334       98,572   Other:     9,811       —       —       —       9,811       $ 2,611,406     $ 8,294     $ 70,263     $ 19,243     $ 2,709,206     (dollars in thousands)             Special                           December 31, 2020   Pass     Mention     Substandard     Impaired     Total   Real estate:                                         Construction and land development   $ 186,550     $ —     $ —     $ 173     $ 186,723   Commercial real estate     947,643       756       52,611       2,627       1,003,637   Single-family residential mortgages     1,113,814       2,436       393       7,714       1,124,357   Commercial:                                         Commercial and industrial     278,357       999       8,620       2,163       290,139   SBA     86,573       186       4,200       6,862       97,821   Other:     4,074       —       —       15       4,089       $ 2,617,011     $ 4,377     $ 65,824     $ 19,554     $ 2,706,766     The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past-due loans at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 by class of loans:   (dollars in thousands)   30-59     60-89     90 Days     Total     Loans Not             Non-Accrual   June 30, 2021   Days     Days     Or More     Past Due     Past Due     Total Loans     Loans (1)   Real estate:                                                         Construction and land development   $ —     $ —     $ 165     $ 165     $ 236,800     $ 236,965     $ 165   Commercial real estate     723       240       236       1,199       1,101,268       1,102,467       529   Single-family residential mortgages     2,940       1,908       1,850       6,698       977,613       984,311       9,967   Commercial:                                                         Commercial and industrial     —       70       415       485       276,595       277,080       417   SBA     593       560       6,308       7,461       91,111       98,572       6,308   Other:     —       —       —       —       9,811       9,811       —       $ 4,256     $ 2,778     $ 8,974     $ 16,008     $ 2,693,198     $ 2,709,206     $ 17,386   Real estate:                                                         Single-family residential mortgages held for sale   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 9,246     $ 9,246     $ —     (dollars in thousands)     30-59       60-89       90 Days       Total       Loans Not               Non-Accrual   December 31, 2020   Days     Days     Or More     Past Due     Past Due     Total Loans     Loans (1)   Real estate:                                                         Construction and land development   $ —     $ —     $ 173     $ 173     $ 186,550     $ 186,723     $ 173   Commercial real estate     449       10       1,136       1,595       1,002,042       1,003,637       1,193   Single-family residential mortgages     4,219       4,859       6,008       15,086       1,109,271       1,124,357       7,714   Commercial:                                                         Commercial and industrial     —       —       987       987       289,152       290,139       1,661   SBA     —       33       6,828       6,861       90,960       97,821       6,828   Other:     42       —       15       57       4,032       4,089       15       $ 4,710     $ 4,902     $ 15,147     $ 24,759     $ 2,682,007     $ 2,706,766     $ 17,584   Real estate:                                                         Single-family residential mortgages held for sale   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 49,963     $ 49,963     $ —       ( 1 ) Included in total loans.   The Company has no loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.    19 Table of Contents   Information relating to individually impaired loans presented by class of loans was as follows at June  30, 2021 and December  31,   2020:       Unpaid                   (dollars in thousands)   Principal     Recorded     Related   June 30, 2021   Balance     Investment     Allowance   With no related allowance recorded                         Construction and land development   $ 173     $ 165     $ —   Commercial and industrial     461       460       —   Commercial real estate     1,922       1,900       —   Single-family residential mortgage loans     10,360       9,967       —   Commercial - SBA     6,308       6,308       —   With related allowance recorded                         Commercial and industrial     436       417       436   Commercial-SBA     26       26       4   Total   $ 19,686     $ 19,243     $ 440         Unpaid                   (dollars in thousands)   Principal     Recorded     Related   December 31, 2020   Balance     Investment     Allowance   With no related allowance recorded                         Construction and land development   $ 173     $ 173     $ —   Commercial and industrial     1,710       1,662       —   Commercial real estate     2,633       2,627       —   Residential mortgage loans     7,839       7,714       —   Commercial - SBA     6,828       6,829       —   Other     15       15       —   With related allowance recorded                         Commercial and industrial     520       501       520   Commercial-SBA     33       33       5   Total   $ 19,751     $ 19,554     $ 525     The following table presents information on impaired loans and leases, disaggregated by loan segment, for the periods indicated:       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended       June 30, 2021     June 30, 2020     June 30, 2021     June 30, 2020       Average     Interest     Average     Interest     Average     Interest     Average     Interest   (dollars in thousands)   Balance     Income     Balance     Income     Balance     Income     Balance     Income   With no related allowance recorded                                                                 Construction and land development   $ 173     $ —     $ 433     $ 6     $ 173     $ —     $ 435     $ 12   Commercial and industrial     470       7       1,830       7       480       15       1,839       27   Commercial real estate     1,953       33       2,495       34       1,967       67       2,499       70   Residential mortgage loans     10,403       —       2,394       —       10,407       —       2,404       —   Commercial - SBA     7,146       —       11,156       1       7,228       —       11,824       1   With related allowance recorded                                                                 Commercial and industrial     437       —       480       —       437       —       504       —   Other     28       —       89       —       30       1       89       —   Total   $ 20,610     $ 40     $ 18,877     $ 48     $ 20,722     $ 83     $ 19,594     $ 110     No interest income on non-accrual loans was recognized on a cash basis for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020 or for the year ended December 31, 2020.   The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), signed into law on March 27, 2020, permits financial institutions to suspend requirements under GAAP for loan modifications to borrowers affected by COVID- 19 that would otherwise be characterized as troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") and suspend any determination related thereto if (i) the loan modification is made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of December 31, 2020 or 60 days after the end of the coronavirus emergency declaration and (ii) the applicable loan was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019.   The Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”), signed into law on December 27, 2020, extends the applicable period to include modifications to loans held by financial institutions executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) January 1, 2022 or (ii) 60 days after the date of the termination of the COVID- 19 national emergency.  In addition, federal bank regulatory authorities have issued guidance to encourage financial institutions to make loan modifications for borrowers affected by COVID- 19 and have assured financial institutions that they will neither receive supervisory criticism for such prudent loan modifications, nor be required by examiners to automatically categorize COVID- 19 -related loan modifications as TDRs. The Company is applying this guidance to qualifying loan modifications.   20 Table of Contents   The Company identified seven  loans as TDRs at June  30, 2021 and six loans at December 31, 2020, with aggregate balances of $ 2.7  million and $ 3.1 million, respectively. Non-accrual TDRs were $ 815,000  and $ 1.1 million at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were $ 440,000  and $ 435,000 specific reserves allocated to the loans as of June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There are no commitments to lend additional amounts at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDRs. There were no  non-accrual loans that were modified as TDRs during the past twelve months that had payment defaults during the periods.   The following table presents loans by class modified as TDRs that occurred during the  three and six months ended June 30, 2020. There were two  loans modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June  30, 2021.  There was  one  loan and  two  loans modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. These two  loans had a pre-modification recorded investment and post-modification recorded investment of $ 1.3 million. The modification of the terms generally included loans where a moratorium on loan payments was granted.  Such moratoriums ranged from  six months to  nine months on the loans restructured in 2021  and 2020.       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended               Pre-     Post-             Pre-     Post-               Modification     Modification             Modification     Modification   (dollars in thousands)   Number of     Recorded     Recorded     Number of     Recorded     Recorded   June 30, 2021   Loans     Investment     Investment     Loans     Investment     Investment   Commercial real estate     1       238       238       1       238       238   Construction and land development     1       165       165       1       165       165   Total     2     $ 403     $ 403       2     $ 403     $ 403           NOTE 6 - LOAN SERVICING   Mortgage and SBA loans serviced for others are not reported as assets. The principal balances at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows:       June 30,     December 31,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020   Loans serviced for others:                 Mortgage loans   $ 1,418,318     $ 1,512,969   SBA loans     154,090       156,222   Commercial real estate loans     4,108       4,145     The fair value of servicing assets for mortgage loans was $ 16.1 million and $ 10.7 million at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The fair value of servicing assets for SBA loans was $ 4.8 million and $ 5.0 million at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Estimates of the loan servicing asset fair value are derived through a discounted cash flow analysis. Portfolio characteristics include loan delinquency rates, age of loans, note rate and geography. The assumptions embedded in the valuation are obtained from a range of metrics utilized by active buyers in the market place. The analysis accounts for recent transactions, and supply and demand within the market.   Servicing fees net of servicing asset amortization totaled $ 118,000  and $ 364,000  for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021, respectively, and $ 708,000 and $ 1.3 million for the three and six months ended June  30, 2020, respectively.   When mortgage and SBA loans are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gains on sales of loans. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.   Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. During the three and six months ended June  30, 2021, the Company did not record any impairment writedowns on mortgage servicing rights. During the three and six months ended  June 30, 2020, the Company recorded an impairment writedown of $ 366,000 on mortgage servicing rights due to the impact of the COVID- 19 pandemic.   21 Table of Contents   Servicing fee income is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended       June 30, 2021     June 30, 2021       Mortgage     SBA     Mortgage     SBA   (dollars in thousands)   Loans     Loans     Loans     Loans   Servicing assets:                                 Beginning of period   $ 9,956     $ 3,308     $ 10,529     $ 3,436   Additions     581       131       1,209       207   Disposals     ( 719 )     ( 78 )     ( 1,341 )     ( 161 ) Amortized to expense     ( 500 )     ( 121 )     ( 1,079 )     ( 242 ) Impairment     —       —       —       —   End of period   $ 9,318     $ 3,240     $ 9,318     $ 3,240           Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended       June 30, 2020     June 30, 2020       Mortgage     SBA     Mortgage     SBA   (dollars in thousands)   Loans     Loans     Loans     Loans   Servicing assets:                                 Beginning of period   $ 13,061     $ 3,766     $ 12,997     $ 4,086   Additions     39       31       827       70   Disposals     ( 295 )     ( 48 )     ( 638 )     ( 265 ) Amortized to expense     ( 458 )     ( 135 )     ( 839 )     ( 277 ) Impairment     ( 366 )     —       ( 366 )     —   End of period   $ 11,981     $ 3,614     $ 11,981     $ 3,614       NOTE 7 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES   Goodwill is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill resulting from whole bank acquisitions is not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually. The Company has historically selected December 31st as the date to perform the annual impairment test. However, since the COVID- 19 pandemic, the Company evaluated its goodwill and intangibles in the first, second and fourth quarters of 2020. The impairment evaluation did not identify an impairment of goodwill or the core deposit intangible in those quarters of 2020.  Goodwill amounted to $ 69.2 million and $ 69.2 million at  June  30, 2021 and  December 31, 2020, respectively, and is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the balance sheet.   Other intangible assets consist of core deposit intangible ("CDI") assets arising from whole bank acquisitions. CDI assets are amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful life of 8 to 10 years. The unamortized balance at June  30, 2021 and December  31,   2020 was $ 4.6 million and $ 5.2 million, respectively. CDI amortization expense was $ 287,000  and $ 357,000  for the three months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $ 588,000  and $ 714,000  for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.   Estimated CDI amortization expense for future years is as follows:   (dollars in thousands)         As of June 30:         Remainder of 2021   $ 533   2022     936   2023     800   2024     683   2025     589   Thereafter     1,067   Total   $ 4,608     22 Table of Contents     NOTE 8 - DEPOSITS   At June 30, 2021, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows:   (dollars in thousands)     June 30, 2021   One year   $ 1,215,491   Two to three years     52,030   Over three years     3,766   Total   $ 1,271,287     The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”) announced the reduction of the reserve requirement ratio to zero percent across all deposit tiers, effective March 26, 2020. Depository institutions that were required to maintain deposits in a Federal Reserve bank account to satisfy reserve requirements will no longer be required to do so, and can use the additional liquidity to lend to individuals and businesses. The Federal Reserve has indicated that it may adjust reserve requirement ratios in the future if conditions warrant.       NOTE 9 - LONG-TERM DEBT   In March 2016, the Company issued $ 50 million of 6.5 % fixed to floating rate subordinated debentures, due March 31, 2026. The interest rate was fixed through March 31, 2021 and floats at the three  month LIBOR plus 516 basis points thereafter. The Company redeemed these subordinated debentures on March 31, 2021.   The redemption price for the subordinated debentures was equal to 100% of principal amount of the subordinated debentures redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date of March 31, 2021.     In  November 2018,  the Company issued $ 55  million of  6.18 % fixed to floating rate subordinated debentures, due  December 1, 2028.  The interest rate is fixed through  December 1, 2023  and floats at three  month LIBOR plus  315  basis points thereafter. The Company can redeem these subordinated debentures beginning  December 1, 2023.  The subordinated debentures are considered Tier 2  capital at the Company. The Company contributed $ 25  million to the Bank as Tier 1  capital.   In March  2021, the Company issued $ 120  million of 4.00 % fixed to floating rate subordinated debentures, due April  1, 2031. The interest rate is fixed through April  1, 2026  and floats at three  month SOFR plus 329  basis points thereafter. The Company can redeem these subordinated debentures beginning April  1, 2026. The subordinated debentures are considered Tier 2 capital at the Company.   At June 30, 2021 and December  31, 2020, long-term debt was as follows:         June 30,       December 31,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020   Principal   $ 175,000     $ 105,000   Unamortized debt issuance costs   $ 2,282     $ 609     The following table presents interest and amortization expense the Company incurred for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020:       For the Three Months Ended June 30,     For the Six Months Ended June 30,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     2021     2020   Interest Expense:                                 Interest   $ 2,050     $ 1,662     $ 3,779     $ 3,324   Amortization     157       85       236       171     The British banking regulators have announced plans to eliminate the LIBOR rate before this long-term debt and subordinated debentures mature. For these subordinated debentures, there are provisions for amendments to establish a new interest rate benchmark.       NOTE 10 - SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES   The Company, through the acquisition of TFC Holding Company (“TFC”) in 2016, acquired TFC Statutory Trust (the “Trust”). The Trust conducted a pooled private offering of 5,000 trust preferred securities with a liquidation amount of $ 1,000 per security. TFC issued $ 5 million of subordinated debentures to the Trust in exchange for ownership of all of the common securities of the Trust and the proceeds of the preferred securities sold by the Trust. The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of this Trust (variable interest entity), therefore the Trust is not consolidated in the Company's financial statements, but rather the subordinated debentures are shown as a liability at market value as of the close of the acquisition, which was $ 3.3 million. There was a $ 1.9 million valuation reserve recorded to arrive at market value, which is treated as a yield adjustment and is amortized over the life of the security. The Company also purchased an investment in the common stock of the Trust for $ 155,000 , which is included in other assets. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, subject to prior approval by the Federal Reserve on or after March 15, 2012, at 100 % of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The subordinated debentures mature on March 15, 2037. The Company has the option to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. The Company has been paying interest on a quarterly basis. The subordinated debentures may be included in Tier I capital (with certain limitations applicable) under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations. The subordinated debentures have a variable rate of interest equal to three month LIBOR plus 1.65 %, which was 1.77 % as of June  30, 2021 and 1.87 % at December 31, 2020.   23 Table of Contents   In October 2018, the Company, through the acquisition of First American International Corp. (“FAIC”), acquired First American International Statutory Trust I (“FAIC Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust formed in December 2004. The FAIC Trust issued 7,000 units of thirty -year fixed to floating rate capital securities with an aggregate liquidation amount of $ 7,000,000 to an independent investor, and FAIC issued $ 7.2 million of subordinated debentures to the FAIC Trust for all of its common securities, amounting to $ 217,000 , which is included in other assets. There was a $ 1.2 million valuation reserve recorded to arrive at market value which is treated as a yield adjustment and is amortized over the life of the security. The Company has the option to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. The subordinated debentures have a variable rate of interest equal to three -month LIBOR plus 2.25 % through final maturity on December 15, 2034. The rate at June  30, 2021 was 2.37 % and  2.47 % at December 31, 2020.   In January 2020, the Company, through the acquisition of PGBH, acquired Pacific Global Bank Trust I (“PGBH Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust formed in December 2004. PGBH Trust issued 5,000 units of fixed to floating rate capital securities with an aggregate liquidation amount of $ 5,000,000 and 155 common securities with an aggregate liquidation amount of $ 155,000 . PGBH issued $ 5.2 million of subordinated debentures to PGBH Trust in exchange for ownership of all the common securities of PGBH Trust. There was a $ 763,000 valuation reserve recorded to arrive at market value which is treated as a yield adjustment and is amortized over the life of the security. The Company has the option to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. The subordinated debentures have a variable rate of interest equal to three -month LIBOR plus 2.10 % through final maturity on December 15, 2034. The rate at June  30, 2021 was 2.22 % and 2.32 % at December 31, 2020.   The Company paid interest expense of $ 95,000  and $ 190,000  for the three and six months ended June  30, 2021, respectively, and $ 114,000  and $ 267,000  for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, on the subordinated debentures. The amount of aggregate amortization expense recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020  was $ 55,000  and $ 55,000 , respectively and $ 109,000  and $ 109,000  for the six months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020, respectively.     For regulatory reporting purposes, the Federal Reserve has indicated that the capital or trust preferred securities qualify as Tier 1  capital of the Company subject to previously specified limitations (including that the asset size of the issuer did not exceed $15 billion), until further notice. If regulators make a determination that the capital securities can no longer be considered in regulatory capital, the securities become callable and the Company may redeem them.   The British banking regulators have announced plans to eliminate the LIBOR rate before these subordinated notes and debentures mature. For these subordinated debentures, there are provisions for amendments to establish a new interest rate benchmark.       NOTE 11 - BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS   The Company has established secured and unsecured lines of credit. The Company may borrow funds from time to time on a term or overnight basis from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco ("FHLB"), the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB") and other financial institutions as indicated below.   Federal Funds Arrangements with Commercial Banks. At June 30, 2021, the Company may borrow on an unsecured basis, up to $ 20.0 million, $ 10.0 million, $ 12.0 million and $ 50.0 million overnight from Zions Bank, Wells Fargo Bank, First Horizon Bank, and Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank, respectively.   Letter of Credit Arrangements. At June 30, 2021, the Company had an unsecured commercial letter of credit line with Wells Fargo Bank for $ 2.0 million.   FRB Secured Line of Credit. The secured borrowing capacity with the FRB of $ 19.9 million at June 30, 2021 is collateralized by loans pledged with a carrying value of $ 28.1 million.   FHLB Secured Line of Credit. The secured borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $ 929.8 million at June 30, 2021 is collateralized by loans pledged with a carrying value of $ 1.2 billion.   FHLB Advances.   At June 30, 2021, the Company had no overnight advances but long-term ( five year) advances of $ 150.0 million at a weighted average rate of 1.18 % with the FHLB.  The Company paid interest expenses of $ 440,000  and $ 439,000  on such FHLB advances for the three months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company paid interest expenses of $ 875,000  and $ 589,000  on such FHLB advances for the six months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  There were no amounts outstanding under any of the other borrowing arrangements above as of June  30, 2021 and at December 31, 2020 except the $ 150.0 million of FHLB advances maturing in 2025.   24 Table of Contents     NOTE 12 - INCOME TAXES   The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.   During the three months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $ 5.5 million and $ 2.9 million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 29.3 % and 30.8 % for the three months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $ 11.2 million and $ 6.2 million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 30.2 % and 31.7 % for the six months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020, respectively. The Company recognized a tax benefit from stock option exercises of $ 68,000  and a tax charge from stock option exercises of $ 1,000  for the three months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recognized a tax benefit from stock option exercises of $ 124,000  and $ 26,000  for the six months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020, respectively.     NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS   In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into financial commitments to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial commitments include commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, commercial and similar letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk not recognized in the Company's financial statements.   The Company's exposure to loss in the event of nonperformance on these financial commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for loans reflected in the financial statements.   At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had the following financial commitments whose contractual amount represents credit risk:       June 30,     December 31,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020   Commitments to make loans   $ 226,846     $ 281,496   Unused lines of credit     233,567       268,629   Commercial and similar letters of credit     304       8,284   Standby letters of credit     4,020       4,031   Total   $ 464,737     $ 562,440     Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client's credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company is based on management's credit evaluation of the customer.   The Company is involved in various matters of litigation which have arisen in the ordinary course of business and accruals for estimates of potential losses have been provided when necessary and appropriate under generally accepted accounting principles.  In the opinion of management, the disposition of such pending litigation will not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.       NOTE 14 - LEASES   On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU  2016 - 02, Leases (Topic 842 ) and elected the package of practical expedients that permits the Company to not reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company also elected all of the new standard’s available transition practical expedients, including the short-term lease recognition exemption that includes not recognizing Right-of-Use (“ROU”) assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases, and the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of the Company's leases.   The Company determines if a contract arrangement is a lease at inception and primarily enters into operating lease contracts for its branch locations, office space, and certain equipment. As part of its property lease agreements, the Company may seek to include options to extend or terminate at lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company's measurement of the ROU assets and operating lease liabilities does not include payments associated with the option to extend or terminate the lease. The ROU lease asset also includes any lease payments made and lease incentives. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company did  not possess any leases that have variable lease payments or residual value guarantees as of June  30, 2021.   The ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of its lease liabilities.   The Company leases several of its operating facilities under various non-cancellable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2036. The Company is also responsible for common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance at the various branch locations.   Future minimum rent payments on the Company’s leases were as follows at June 30, 2021:   (dollars in thousands)         As of June 30, 2021:         2021 remaining   $ 2,245   2022     4,890   2023     3,925   2024     2,866   2025     2,718   Thereafter     9,572   Total   $ 26,216   Less amount of payment representing interest     ( 418 ) Total present value of lease payments   $ 25,798     The minimum rent payments shown above are given for the existing lease obligation and are not a forecast of future rental expense. Total rental expense, recognized on a straight-line basis, was $ 1.3  million and $ 1.4  million for the three months ended June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $ 2.6  million and $ 3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company received rental income of $ 98,000  and $ 97,000  in the second  quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively and $ 203,000 and $ 181,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.   The following table presents the operating lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of  June  30, 2021  and January  1, 2021 :                         June 30,     January 1,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2021   Operating Leases                 ROU assets   $ 25,050     $ 26,770   Lease liabilities     25,798       27,412                     Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)     7.06       7.38   Weighted-average discount rate     0.97 %     0.94 %   25 Table of Contents     NOTE 15  - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS   Loans to principal officers, directors, and their affiliates were as follows:       June 30,     December 31,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020   Beginning balance   $ 1,243     $ 4,000   New loans and advances     1,850       11,498   Repayments     ( 3,093 )   $ ( 14,255 ) Ending balance   $ —     $ 1,243     There were $ 8.8 million unfunded loan commitments outstanding to executive officers, directors and their related interests with whom they are associated at June  30, 2021 and $ 2.0 million at December 31, 2020.   Deposits from principal officers, directors, and their affiliates at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $ 51.1 million and $ 50.0 million, respectively.   26 Table of Contents     NOTE 16  - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION   RBB Bancorp 2010 Stock Option Plan   Under the RBB Bancorp 2010 Stock Option Plan (the “2010 Plan”), the Company was permitted to grant awards to eligible persons in the form of qualified and non-qualified stock options. The Company reserved up to 30 % of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the date the Company adopted the 2010 Plan or 3,494,478 shares, for issuance under the 2010 Plan. Following receipt of shareholder approval of the 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (the “OSIP”) in May  2017, no additional grants were made under the 2010 Plan. The 2010 Plan has been terminated and options that were granted under the 2010  Plan have become subject to the OSIP. Awards that were granted under the 2010 Plan will remain exercisable pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in individual award agreements, but such awards will be assumed and administered under the OSIP. The 2010 Plan award agreements allow for acceleration of exercise privileges of grants upon occurrence of a change in control of the Company. If a participant’s job is terminated for cause, then all unvested awards expire at the date of termination.   RBB Bancorp 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan   The OSIP was adopted by the Company’s board of directors in January 2017 and approved by the Company’s shareholders in May 2017. The OSIP was designed to ensure continued availability of equity awards that will assist the Company in attracting and retaining competent managerial personnel and rewarding key employees, directors and other service providers for high levels of performance. Pursuant to the OSIP, the Company’s board of directors are allowed to grant awards to eligible persons in the form of qualified and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other incentive awards. The Company has reserved up to 30 % of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the date the Company adopted the OSIP, or 3,848,341 shares. As of June  30, 2021, there were 987,045  shares of common stock available for issuance under the OSIP. This represents 5.1 % of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock as of June  30, 2021.  Awards vest, become exercisable and contain such other terms and conditions as determined by the board of directors and set forth in individual agreements with the employees receiving the awards. The OSIP enables the board of directors to set specific performance criteria that must be met before an award vests. The OSIP allows for acceleration of vesting and exercise privileges of grants if a participant’s termination of employment is due to a change in control, death or total disability. If a participant’s job is terminated for cause, then all awards expire at the date of termination.   The recorded compensation expense for stock option was $ 121,000  and $ 60,000  and the Company recognized income tax benefit of $ 68,000 and income tax expense of $ 1,000 on that expense for the three months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020, respectively. The recorded compensation expense for stock option was $ 231,000  and $ 115,000  and the Company recognized income tax benefits on that expense of $ 124,000 and $ 26,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020, respectively.   The recorded compensation expense for restricted stock was $ 195,000  and $ 106,000  for the three months ended June  30, 2021  and 2020, respectively and $ 371,000 and $ 213,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock was $ 959,000  and $ 478,000  as of June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of June  30, 2021, these costs are expected to be recognized over the next 1.5  years for restricted stock.     The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions presented below for 2021 and 2020.       January 2021     July 2020     January 2020   Expected volatility     30.8 %     31.8 %     28.5 % Expected term (years)     6.0 years       6.0 years       6.0 years   Expected dividends     1.86 %     2.48 %     1.99 % Risk free rate     0.26 %     0.29 %     1.31 % Grant date fair value   $ 4.14     $ 2.97     $ 4.61     The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of the Company stock trading history. The expected term represents the estimated average period of time that the options remain outstanding. The expected term of options granted is based on historical data and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk free rate of return reflects the grant date interest rate offered for zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds over the expected term of the options.   A summary of the status of awards pursuant to the Company's stock option plans as of June 30, 2021 and changes during the six  months ended is presented below:                       Weighted-                       Weighted-     Average                       Average     Remaining     Aggregate               Exercise     Contractual     Intrinsic   (dollars in thousands, except for share amounts)   Shares     Price     Term in years     Value   Outstanding at beginning of year     1,106,470     $ 13.30                   Granted     135,000       17.74                   Exercised     ( 76,265 )     10.58                   Forfeited/cancelled     —       —                   Outstanding at end of period     1,165,205     $ 14.01       3.98     $ 11,892                                     Options exercisable     919,705     $ 13.18       2.60     $ 10,157     As of June  30, 2021 there was approximately $ 804,000  of total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock options that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8  years.   The Company granted restricted stock for 60,000  shares at a closing price of $ 17.74  in 2021. There were no restricted stock awards in 2020.  These restricted stock awards are scheduled to vest over a  three  year period from the  January 21, 2021 grant date. As of June 30, 2021 , there were 74,475  remaining unvested restricted stock awards.    The following table presents restricted stock activity during the six  months ended June  30, 2021.                 Weighted-Average               Grant Date   (dollars in thousands, except for share amounts)   Shares     Fair Value   Outstanding at beginning of year     14,475     $ 29.38   Granted     60,000       17.74   Vested     —       —   Forfeited/cancelled     —       —   Outstanding at end of period     74,475     $ 22.63     27 Table of Contents   The total fair value of the shares vested was $ 860,000  and $ 321,000 during the six  months ended June  30, 2021 and  2020, respectively. The number of unvested stock options were 245,500  and 90,000 with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $ 4.11  and $ 5.35 as of June  30, 2021 and June  30, 2020, respectively.   Cash received from the exercise of 76,265  share options was $ 806,000  for the six  months ended June  30, 2021 and cash received from the exercise of 56,498 share options was $ 712,000 for the six  months ended June  30, 2020. The intrinsic value of options exercised was $ 748,000  and $ 389,000 for the six  months ended June  30, 2021 and  2020, respectively.  Cash received from the exercise of 43,976 share options was $ 466,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021.  There were no options and cash received from the exercise of share options for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The intrinsic value of options exercised was $ 443,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021.                   NOTE 17  - REGULATORY MATTERS   Holding companies (with assets over $ 3 billion at the beginning of the year) and banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory - and possibly additional discretionary - actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements.   In July  2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies approved the final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks. The new rules became effective on January 1, 2015, with certain of the requirements phased-in over a multi-year schedule. Under the rules, minimum requirements increased for both the quantity and quality of capital held by the Bank. The rules include a common equity Tier 1 ( “CET1” ) capital to risk-weighted assets ratio with minimums for capital adequacy and prompt corrective action purposes of 4.5 % and 6.5 %, respectively. The minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio was raised from 4.0 % to 6.0 % under the capital adequacy framework and from 6.0 % to 8.0 % to be well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework. In addition, the rules introduced the concept of a "conservation buffer" of 2.5 % applicable to the three capital adequacy risk-weighted asset ratios ( CET1, Tier 1, and Total). The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at 0.625 % and was phased in over a four -year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reached 2.5 % on January 1, 2019).   If the capital adequacy minimum ratios plus the phased-in conservation buffer amount exceed actual risk-weighted capital ratios, then dividends, share buybacks, and discretionary bonuses to executives could be limited in amount.   Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, Tier 1 and CET1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). As permitted by the regulators for financial institutions that are not deemed to be “advanced approaches” institutions, the Company has elected to opt out of the Basel III requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income in risk-based capital. Management believes that at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, RBB and the Bank satisfied all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.   As defined in applicable regulations and set forth in the tables below, RBB and the Bank continue to exceed the regulatory capital minimum requirements and the Bank continues to exceed the "well capitalized" standards at the dates indicated:                       Amount of Capital Required                                       To Be Well-Capitalized                       Minimum Required for     Under Prompt Corrective       Actual     Capital Adequacy Purposes     Provisions   (dollars in thousands)   Amount     Ratio     Amount     Ratio     Amount     Ratio   As of June 30, 2021:                                                 Tier 1 Leverage Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 383,608       10.20 %   $ 150,408       4.0 %   $ 188,010       5.0 % Bank     463,835       12.34 %     150,404       4.0 %     188,004       5.0 % Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 369,215       14.76 %   $ 112,600       4.5 %   $ 162,644       6.5 % Bank     463,835       18.58 %     112,335       4.5 %     162,262       6.5 % Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 383,608       15.33 %   $ 150,133       6.0 %   $ 200,177       8.0 % Bank     463,835       18.58 %     149,780       6.0 %     199,707       8.0 % Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 587,620       23.48 %   $ 200,177       8.0 %   $ 250,221       10.0 % Bank     495,056       19.83 %     199,707       8.0 %     249,634       10.0 %   28 Table of Contents                       Amount of Capital Required                                       To Be Well-Capitalized                       Minimum Required for     Under Prompt Corrective       Actual     Capital Adequacy Purposes     Provisions   (dollars in thousands)   Amount     Ratio     Amount     Ratio     Amount     Ratio   As of December 31, 2020:                                                 Tier 1 Leverage Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 368,413       11.32 %   $ 130,219       4.0 %   $ 162,774       5.0 % Bank     458,614       14.11 %     129,989       4.0 %     162,487       5.0 % Common Equity Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 354,130       14.62 %   $ 109,021       4.5 %   $ 157,474       6.5 % Bank     458,614       18.94 %     108,966       4.5 %     157,395       6.5 % Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 368,413       15.21 %   $ 145,361       6.0 %   $ 193,814       8.0 % Bank     458,614       18.94 %     145,288       6.0 %     193,717       8.0 % Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio                                                 Consolidated   $ 503,093       20.77 %   $ 193,814       8.0 %   $ 242,268       10.0 % Bank     488,888       20.19 %     193,717       8.0 %     242,146       10.0 %   The California Financial Code generally acts to prohibit banks from making a cash distribution to its shareholders in excess of the lesser of the bank's undivided profits or the bank's net income for its last three fiscal years less the amount of any distribution made by the bank's shareholders during the same period.   The California General Corporation Law generally acts to prohibit companies from paying dividends on common stock unless retained earnings, immediately prior to the dividend payment, equals or exceeds the amount of the dividend. If a company fails this test, then it may still pay dividends if after giving effect to the dividend the company's assets are at least 125 % of its liabilities.   Additionally, the Federal Reserve has issued guidance which requires that they be consulted before payment of a dividend if a financial holding company does not have earnings over the prior four quarters of at least equal to the dividend to be paid, plus other holding company obligations.   29 Table of Contents     NOTE 18  - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS   The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:   Securities: The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 ) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 ).   Other Real Estate Owned : Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property which are commonly adjusted by management to reflect an expectation of the amount to be ultimately collected and selling costs (Level 3 ).   Appraisals for OREO are performed by state licensed appraisers (for commercial properties) or state certified appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company.  When a Notice of Default is recorded, an appraisal report is ordered.  Once received, a member of the credit administration department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison to independent data sources such as recent market data or industry wide-statistics for residential appraisals.  Commercial appraisals are sent to an independent third party to review.  The Company also compares the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value to determine what additional adjustments, if any, should be made to the appraisal values on any remaining other real estate owned to arrive at fair value.  If the existing appraisal is older than twelve months a new appraisal report is ordered. No significant adjustments to appraised values have been made as a result of this comparison process as of June  30, 2021.   Collateral-dependent impaired loans :  Collateral-dependent impaired loans are carried at fair value when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement and the loan has been written down to the fair value of its underlying collateral, net of expected disposition costs where applicable.  Collateral-dependent impaired loans evaluated with specific reserves are classified as Level 3 assets.  There were no loans of this type as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.   The following table provides the hierarchy and fair value for each major category of assets and liabilities measured at fair value at June  30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:   (dollars in thousands)   Fair Value Measurements Using:           June 30, 2021   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total   Assets measured at fair value:                                 On a recurring basis:                                 Securities available for sale                                 Government agency securities   $ —     $ 1,109     $ —     $ 1,109   SBA agency securities     —       3,988       —       3,988   Mortgage-backed securities     —       62,039       —       62,039   Collateralized mortgage obligations     —       114,232       —       114,232   Commercial paper     —       102,452       —       102,452   Corporate debt securities     —       43,152       —       43,152   Municipal securities     —       12,596       —       12,596   Interest Rate Lock Contracts     —       —       166       166   Forward Mortgage Loan Sale Contracts     —       —       222       222       $ —     $ 339,568     $ 388     $ 339,956   On a non-recurring basis:                                 Other real estate owned   $ —     $ —     $ 293     $ 293                                       December 31, 2020   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total   Assets measured at fair value:                                 On a recurring basis:                                 Securities available for sale                                 Government agency securities   $ —     $ 1,294     $ —     $ 1,294   SBA agency securities     —       4,394       —       4,394   Mortgage-backed securities     —       17,677       —       17,677   Collateralized mortgage obligations     —       48,874       —       48,874   Commercial paper     —       102,448       —       102,448   Corporate debt securities     —       34,563       —       34,563   Municipal securities     —       1,617       —       1,617   Interest Rate Lock Contracts     —       —       45       45   Forward Mortgage Loan Sale Contracts     —       —       214       214       $ —     $ 210,867     $ 259     $ 211,126   On a non-recurring basis:                                 Other real estate owned   $ —     $ —     $ 293     $ 293     No write-downs to OREO were recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2021 or for the year ended December 31, 2020.   30 Table of Contents   Quantitative information about the Company's OREO non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at June 30, 2021 and December  31,   2020 is as follows:   OREO consists of one single-family residence with a fair value of $ 293,000 as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.  OREO was evaluated by third party appraisals with unobservable input of management adjustment in the range of 5 %- 6 % to reflect current conditions and selling costs.   Interest Rate Lock Commitments ("IRLCs"):  Agreements under which the Company agrees to extend credit to a borrower under certain specified terms and conditions in which the interest rate and the maximum amount of the loan are set prior to funding. Under the agreement, the Company commits to lend funds to a potential borrower (subject to the Company’s approval of the loan) on a fixed or adjustable rate basis, regardless of whether interest rates change in the market, or on a floating rate basis.  As such, outstanding IRLCs are subject to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from the date of issuance through the date of loan funding, cancelling or expiration.  Loan commitments generally range between 30 and 90 days; however, the borrower is not obligated to obtain the loan.  The Company is subject to fallout risk related to IRLCs, which is realized if approved borrowers choose not to close on the loans within the terms of the IRLCs.  The Company uses best efforts commitments to substantially eliminate these risks.  Historical commitment-to-closing ratios are considered to estimate the quantity of mortgage loans that will fund within the terms of the IRLCs.   The FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) provides that IRLCs on mortgage loans that will be held for resale are derivatives and must be accounted for at fair value on the balance sheet (if material). FASB ASC Topic 820 – Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures specifies how these derivatives are to be valued.  Commitments to originate mortgage loans to be held for investment and other types of loans are generally not derivatives. Consequently, the Company has elected to account for these obligations at fair value.   Forward Mortgage Loan Sale Contracts ("FMLSCs"):  The Company is subject to interest rate and price risk on its mortgage loans held for sale from the loan funding date until the date the loan is sold.  Best efforts commitments which fix the forward sales price that will be realized in the secondary market are used to eliminate the interest rate and price risk to the Company.  To avoid interest rate risk, the Company will enter into FMLSCs at the time they make an interest rate lock commitment to the buyer. They can enter into mortgage loan sales commitments on a “mandatory” or “best efforts” basis. Mandatory commitments provide that the loan must be delivered or the commitment be “paired off”. In general, best efforts commitments provide that the loan be delivered if and when it closes.   Mandatory delivery commitments, also known as forward loan sales commitments, are considered to be derivatives under FASB ASC Topic 815 (Derivatives and Hedging) because they meet all of the following criteria:     ● They have a specified underlying (the contractually specified price for the loans)   ● They have a notional amount (the committed loan principal amount)   ● They require little or no initial net investment   ● They require or permit net settlement as the institution via a pair-off transaction or the payment of a pair-off fee.       NOTE 19  - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS   The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the asset or obligation could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market value exists for a significant portion of the financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.   Fair value estimates are based on financial instruments both on and off the balance sheet without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Additionally, tax consequences related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a potential effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in many of the estimates.   In accordance with accounting guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described as follows:   Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.   Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, prepayment speeds, volatilities, etc.) or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market.   Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques where one or more significant inputs are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of matrix pricing, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.   Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature, and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the fair values presented. Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique.   31 Table of Contents   A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Management maximizes the use of observable inputs and attempts to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value measurements. Estimated fair values are disclosed for financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. These estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market data and information about the financial instruments. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument for sale at one time, nor do they attempt to estimate the value of anticipated future business related to the instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.   The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:   For cash and due from banks, Federal funds sold, and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is assumed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value, a Level 1 measurement.   For short-term investments and interest-bearing deposits, the carrying amount is assumed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value, a Level 1 measurement.   Securities available for sale and held-to-maturity are measured by using quoted market prices for similar securities or dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement. This category generally includes U.S. Government agency securities, U.S. Government sponsored entities, state and municipal securities, mortgage backed securities (“MBS”), collateralized mortgage obligations and corporate bonds.   Equity securities fair value are measured based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 3 measurement. Equity securities are comprised of other equity securities.   Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and non-performing categories. The fair values are based primarily on third -party vendor pricing to determine fair values based on the exit price notion.   The fair value of performing loans is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan, a Level 3 measurement.   The fair value of impaired loans is calculated based on the net realizable fair value of the collateral or the observable market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from loans held for sale. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent impaired loans are recorded based on the adjusted appraised value of the collateral, a Level 3 measurement.   The Company records loans held for sale at fair value based on quoted prices from third party sale analysis, existing sale agreements, or appraisal reports adjusted by sales commission assumption, a Level 1 measurement.   Mortgage and SBA servicing rights are calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan, a Level 2 measurement.   The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits is assumed to be the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities, a Level 2 measurement.   The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, interest rate lock commitments and forward mortgage loan sales contracts is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements. Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability result in a Level 3 measurement.   The fair value of FHLB advances is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk, a Level 3  measurement.   Subordinated debentures fair value is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk, a Level 3  measurement.   32 Table of Contents   The fair value of long-term debt is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk, a Level 3  measurement.   Fair value is estimated in accordance with ASC Topic 825. Fair value estimates are made at specific points in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Bank’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Bank’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.   The fair value hierarchy level and estimated fair value of significant financial instruments at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized as follows:                                             June 30, 2021     December 31, 2020     Fair Value   Carrying     Fair     Carrying     Fair   (dollars in thousands) Hierarchy   Value     Value     Value     Value   Financial Assets:                                   Cash and due from banks Level 1   $ 493,653     $ 493,653     $ 137,654     $ 137,654   Federal funds sold and other cash equivalents Level 1     110,000       110,000       57,000       57,000   Interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions Level 1     600       600       600       600   Investment securities - AFS Level 2     339,568       339,568       210,867       210,867   Investment securities - HTM Level 2     6,664       7,042       7,174       7,603   Mortgage loans held for sale Level 1     9,246       9,397       49,963       50,716   Loans, net Level 3     2,677,854       2,695,095       2,677,429       2,687,751   Equity securities Level 3     14,822       14,822       14,894       14,894   Mortgage servicing rights Level 2     12,558       20,893       13,965       15,617                                             Notional     Fair     Notional     Fair   Derivative assets:     Value     Value     Value     Value   Interest Rate Lock Contracts Level 3   $ 7,467     $ 166     $ 27,665     $ 45   Forward Mortgage Loan Sale Contracts Level 3     17,313       222       55,089       214                                             Carrying     Fair     Carrying     Fair   Financial Liabilities:     Value     Value     Value     Value   Deposits Level 2   $ 3,069,925     $ 3,067,612     $ 2,635,128     $ 2,632,933   FHLB advances Level 2     150,000       144,501       150,000       149,964   Long-term debt Level 2     172,718       173,000       104,391       137,930   Subordinated debentures Level 3     14,393       13,553       14,283       14,654         NOTE 20  - EARNINGS PER SHARE   The following is a reconciliation of net income and shares outstanding to the income and number of shares used to compute earnings per share (“EPS”):           For the Three Months Ended June 30,       2021     2020   (dollars in thousands except per share amounts)   Income     Shares     Income     Shares   Net income as reported   $ 13,380             $ 6,513           Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities   $ ( 51 )           $ ( 10 )         Shares outstanding             19,349,802               19,739,280   Impact of weighting shares             11,111               ( 28,950 ) Used in basic EPS     13,329       19,360,913       6,503       19,710,330   Dilutive effect of outstanding                                 Stock options             514,056               95,974   Used in dilutive EPS   $ 13,329       19,874,969     $ 6,503       19,806,304                                     Basic earnings per common share   $ 0.69             $ 0.33           Diluted earnings per common share   $ 0.67               0.33                 For the Six Months Ended June 30,       2021     2020   (dollars in thousands except per share amounts)   Income     Shares     Income     Shares   Net income as reported   $ 25,836             $ 13,261           Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities     ( 91 )             ( 19 )         Shares outstanding             19,349,802               19,739,280   Impact of weighting shares             104,087               101,813   Used in basic EPS     25,745       19,453,889       13,242       19,841,093   Dilutive effect of outstanding                                 Stock options             390,188               195,223   Used in dilutive EPS   $ 25,745       19,844,077     $ 13,242       20,036,316                                     Basic earnings per common share   $ 1.32             $ 0.67           Diluted earnings per common share   $ 1.30               0.66             Stock options for 0  shares and 400,709  shares of common stock were not considered in computing diluted earnings per common share for June  30, 2021 and 2020, respectively because they were anti-dilutive.   33 Table of Contents     NOTE 21   – REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS   On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2014 - 09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Topic 606 and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASC 606. The Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2019. The new standard did not materially impact the timing or measurement of the Company’s revenue recognition as it is consistent with the Company’s existing accounting for contracts within the scope of the new standard. There was no cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as a result of adopting this new standard.   The following is a summary of revenue from contracts with customers that are in-scope and not in-scope under Topic 606:       For the Three Months Ended June 30,     For the Six Months Ended June 30,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     2021     2020   Non-interest income, in scope (1)                                 Fees and service charges on deposit accounts   $ 618     $ 440     $ 1,305     $ 891   Other fees (2)     148       109       283       258   Other income (3)     525       485       1,155       937   Total in-scope non-interest income     1,291       1,034       2,743       2,086   Non-interest income, not in scope (4)     2,880       1,174       7,322       4,737   Total non-interest income   $ 4,171     $ 2,208     $ 10,065     $ 6,823       ( 1 ) There were no adjustments to the Company's financial statements recorded as a result of the adoption of ASC 606.   ( 2 ) Other fees consists of wealth management fees, miscellaneous loan fees and postage/courier fees.   ( 3 ) Other income consists of safe deposit box rental income, wire transfer fees, security brokerage fees, annuity sales, insurance activity and OREO income.   ( 4 ) The amounts primarily represent revenue from contracts with customers that are out of scope of ASC 606: Net loan servicing income, letter of credit commissions, import/export commissions, recoveries on purchased loans, BOLI income, and gains (losses) on sales of mortgage loans, loans and investment securities.   The major revenue streams by fee type that are within the scope of ASC 606 presented in the above tables are described in additional detail below:   34 Table of Contents   Fees and Services Charges on Deposit Accounts   Fees and service charges on deposit accounts include charges for analysis, overdraft, cash checking, ATM, and safe deposit activities executed by our deposit clients, as well as interchange income earned through card payment networks for the acceptance of card based transactions. Fees earned from our deposit clients are governed by contracts that provide for overall custody and access to deposited funds and other related services, and can be terminated at will by either party; this includes fees from money service businesses (“MSBs”). Fees received from deposit clients for the various deposit activities are recognized as revenue once the performance obligations are met. The adoption of ASU 2014 - 09 had no impact to the recognition of fees and service charges on deposit accounts.   Wealth Management Fees   The Company employs financial consultants to provide investment planning services for customers including wealth management services, asset allocation strategies, portfolio analysis and monitoring, investment strategies, and risk management strategies. The fees the Company earns are variable and are generally received monthly. The Company recognizes revenue for the services performed at quarter-end based on actual transaction details received from the broker dealer the Company engages.   In the Company’s wealth management division, revenue is primarily generated from ( 1 ) securities brokerage accounts, ( 2 ) investment advisor accounts, ( 3 ) full service brokerage implementation fees, and ( 4 ) life insurance and annuity products.       NOTE 22  - QUALIFIED AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECT INVESTMENTS   The Company began investing in qualified housing projects in 2016. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance of the investment for qualified affordable housing projects was $ 7.1 million and $ 7.6 million, respectively. This balance is reflected in the accrued interest and other assets line on the consolidated balance sheets. Total unfunded commitments related to the investments in qualified housing projects totaled $ 1.1 million and $ 1.6 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company expects to fulfill these commitments between 2021 and 2029.   For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized amortization expense of $ 259,000  and $ 247,000 , respectively, which was included within income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income.  For the six months ended June 30, 2021  and 2020, the Company recognized amortization expense of $ 519,000  and $ 494,000 , respectively, which was included within income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income.       NOTE 23  - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS   On July 21, 2021, RBB Bancorp announced a cash dividend of $ 0.13  per share for the second  quarter of 2021. The dividend is payable on August 13, 2021 to common shareholders of record as of August 2, 2021 .       The Company and Bank of the Orient (“BOTO”) announced on July 12, 2021, that the Bank had entered into an agreement to buy the Honolulu, Hawaii branch office of BOTO. The terms of the agreement provide for the Bank to acquire all the premises and equipment at the Branch, all deposits totaling approximately $ 77.8 million as of June 30, 2021, and selected performing loans totaling approximately $ 10 million as of June 30, 2021, for a total consideration of $ 2.8 million. The transaction is subject to regulatory approval and is expected to be completed by December 31, 2021.   In 2016, RBB became a community development financial institution (CDFI).  In mid- June, 2021 the Bank was awarded a $ 1.8 million grant under the US Treasury’s Rapid Response Program to facilitate a rapid response to the economic impacts of the COVID- 19 pandemic in distressed and underserved communities. The award has not yet been received pending finalization of the contract between the Bank and the US Treasury which will include various performance goals and measures that specify the use of the funds.   35 Table of Contents     ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT ’ S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS   CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS   This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our results of operations, financial condition and financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.   Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ultimate extent of the impacts on our business, financial position, results of operations, liquidity and prospects remain uncertain. Although general business and economic conditions have begun to recover, the recovery could be slowed or reversed by a number of factors, including increases in COVID-19 infections, increases in unemployment rates, or turbulence in domestic or global financial markets, which could adversely affect our revenues and the values of our assets and liabilities, reduce the availability of funding, lead to a tightening of credit, and further increase stock price volatility, which could result in impairment to our goodwill or other intangible assets in future periods. Changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies or practices as a result of, or in response, to the COVID-19 pandemic could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways, including the potential adverse impact of loan modifications and payment deferrals implemented consistent with recent regulatory guidance. In addition to the foregoing, the following additional factors, among others, could cause our financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in such forward-looking statements:     ● business and economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, nationally and within our current and future geographic market areas;   ● economic, market, operational, liquidity, credit and interest rate risks associated with our business;   ● lack of seasoning in our loan portfolio;   ● deteriorating asset quality and higher loan charge-offs;   ● the laws and regulations applicable to our business;   ● our ability to achieve organic loan and deposit growth and the composition of such growth;   ● our ability to originate and sell non-qualified mortgages;   ● increased competition in the financial services industry, nationally, regionally or locally;   ● our ability to maintain our historical earnings trends;   ● our ability to raise additional capital to implement our business plan;   ● material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting;   ● systems failures or interruptions involving our information technology and telecommunications systems or third-party servicers;   ● the composition of our management team and our ability to attract and retain key personnel;   ● the fiscal position of the U.S. federal government and the soundness of other financial institutions;   36 Table of Contents     ● our ability to monitor our lending relationships;   ● the composition of our loan portfolio, and the concentration of loans in mortgage-related industries;   ● the portion of our loan portfolio that is comprised of participations and shared national credits;   ● the amount of nonperforming and classified assets we hold;   ● time and effort necessary to resolve nonperforming assets;   ● the effect of acquisitions we may make, including without limitation, the failure to achieve the expected revenue growth and/or expense savings from such acquisitions, and/or the failure to effectively integrate an acquisition target into our operations;   ● our limited operating history as an integrated company including prior acquisitions;   ● environmental liability associated with our lending activities;   ● geopolitical and public health conditions such as acts or threats of terrorism, military conflicts, pandemics and public health issues or crises, such as that related to the COVID-19 pandemic;   ● the geographic concentration of our markets in Southern California, Las Vegas (Nevada), Chicago (Illinois) and the New York City metropolitan area and the southwest United States;   ● the commencement and outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings against us or to which we may become subject;   ● the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators;   ● the transition away from the LIBOR calculation process, and uncertainty regarding potential alternative reference rates, including SOFR;   ● possible impairment charges to goodwill;   ● natural disasters, earthquakes, fires and severe weather;   ● the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices as may be adopted from time to time by our regulatory agencies, as well as by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standards setters, including ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” commonly referenced as the CECL model, which will change how we estimate credit losses and may increase the required level of our allowance for loan losses after adoption;   ● requirements to remediate adverse examination findings;   ● changes in the scope and cost of FDIC deposit insurance premiums;   ● implementation of regulatory initiatives regarding bank capital requirements that may require heightened capital;   ● the obligations associated with being a public company;   ● cybersecurity threats and the cost of defending against them;   ● RBB’s status as an EGC and the potential effects of no longer qualifying as an EGC in future periods;   ● our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items;   ● our modeling estimates related to an increased interest rate environment;   ● our ability to achieve the cost savings and efficiencies in connection with branch closures;   ● our estimates as to our expected operational leverage and the expected additional loan capacity of our relationship managers; and   ● our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items.   The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Report. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.   37 Table of Contents   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES   The discussion and analysis of the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements are based upon its unaudited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.   The following is a summary of the more judgmental and complex accounting estimates and principles. In each area, we have identified the variables we believe are most important in our estimation process. We utilize information available to us to make the necessary estimates to value the related assets and liabilities. Actual performance that differs from our estimates and future changes in the key variables and information could change future valuations and impact the results of operations.     ● Loans held for investment   ● Loans available for sale   ● Securities   ● Allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”)   ● Goodwill and other intangible assets   ● Deferred income taxes   ● Servicing rights   ● Income taxes   ● Stock-based compensation   Our significant accounting policies are described in greater detail in our 2020 audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2020 Annual Report, which are essential to understanding Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.   GENERAL   RBB is a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Our principal business is to serve as the holding company for the Bank and RAM. At June 30, 2021, RBB had total consolidated assets of $3.9 billion, gross consolidated loans of $2.7 billion HFI and HFS, total consolidated deposits of $3.1 billion and total consolidated stockholders' equity of $442.3 million. RBB’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “RBB”.   The Bank provides business banking services to the Chinese-American communities in Los Angeles County, Orange County, Ventura County (California), Brooklyn, Queens and Manhattan (New York City), Chinatown and Bridgeport (Chicago), Las Vegas (Clark County, Nevada) and in Edison, New Jersey, including remote deposit, E-banking, mobile banking, commercial and investor real estate loans, business loans and lines of credit, SBA 7A and 504 loans, mortgage loans, trade finance and a full range of depository accounts. RAM was formed to hold and manage problem assets acquired in business combinations.   The Bank operates 22 full-service banking offices in Arcadia, Cerritos, Diamond Bar, Irvine, Los Angeles, Monterey Park, Oxnard, Rowland Heights, San Gabriel, Silver Lake, Torrance, and Westlake Village (California), Brooklyn, Queens and Manhattan (New York City), Chinatown and Bridgeport (Chicago), Las Vegas (Nevada) and Edison, New Jersey. The Bank is a Community Development Financial Institution and as such is able to receive grants from the United States Treasury Department. Any grants we receive will be used to invest in low-to-moderate income areas in the communities we serve.   RBB has completed six acquisitions since 2011, including the acquisition of PGBH which was completed on January 10, 2020.   RBB and BOTO announced on July 12, 2021, that the Bank, entered into an agreement to buy the Honolulu, Hawaii branch office (the “Branch”) of BOTO. The terms of the agreement provide for the Bank to acquire all the premises and equipment at the Branch, all deposits totaling approximately $77.8 million as of June 30, 2021, and selected performing loans totaling approximately $10 million as of June 30, 2021, for a total consideration of $2.8 million. The transaction is subject to regulatory approval and is expected to be completed by December 31, 2021.   38 Table of Contents   In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and declaration of a national emergency by the Trump administration, the Company fully implemented our Business Continuity Plan to safeguard its employees and operations. The banking and finance sectors have been identified as one of the 13 critical infrastructure sectors essential to our nation’s security, and economic and social stability. All Bank branches remain open, with routine banking services offered through online banking, drive-up windows and limited lobby access.   We implemented a number of actions to support a healthy workforce:     ● Flexible work practices such as work-from-home options, working in shifts and placing greater distances between employees;   ● Discontinued non-essential business travel and meetings; and   ● Utilizing online meeting platforms.   We have been and will continue to actively address client needs, including offering loan relief to all impacted clients. We have participated in the SBA Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Analysis of Financial Condition – COVID-19 Impact on Loan Quality” for a discussion of the pandemic’s effect on the Company’s loan portfolio with certain information provided as of June 30, 2021.   Since mid-August 2020, most of our employees located in our operations center are working alternating 14-day shifts in the office, unless they require working remotely from home. We implemented “social distancing” to space employees in work areas. Employees wear masks as a further precaution, and we are encouraging all staff to be vaccinated.  In July 2021, we have called most of our staff back to the office, however, certain higher-risk employees may continue to work remotely.   The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and will continue to impact our financial performance in the following manner:     ● We expect lower single-family loan growth due to the accelerated pre-payments in the non-qualified mortgage loans caused by historically low interest rates. We expect higher FNMA loan originations and lower non-qualified mortgage originations;   ● We expect lower loan sales volume and no gains on non-qualified mortgages, due to loan pay-offs being greater than originations;   ● We expect commercial real estate loan origination volume to remain stable; and,   ● We have not currently experienced any run-off in deposits. We borrowed $150 million in 5-year fixed-rate FHLB advances to enhance our liquidity and obtain funding at an attractive interest rate. In addition, deposit customers are not as rate sensitive, and we have lowered deposit rates significantly and our customers are depositing record sums of cash.  We expect that temporary access liquidity to decrease over the next twelve months. We raised an additional $120.0 million and redeemed $50.0 million in subordinated debentures in March 2021.   The CARES Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020 ,  permits financial institutions to suspend requirements under GAAP for loan modifications to borrowers affected by COVID- 19  that would otherwise be characterized as TDRs and suspend any determination related thereto if (i) the loan modification is made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of December 31, 2020 or 60 days after the end of the coronavirus emergency declaration and (ii) the applicable loan was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019.  The CAA, signed into law on December 27, 2020, extends the applicable period to include modification to loans held by financial institutions executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) January 1, 2022, or (ii) 60 days after the date of termination of the COVID-19 national emergency.  In addition, federal bank regulatory authorities have issued guidance to encourage financial institutions to make loan modifications for borrowers affected by COVID- 19  and have assured financial institutions that they will neither receive supervisory criticism for such prudent loan modifications, nor be required by examiners to automatically categorize COVID- 19 -related loan modifications as TDRs. The Company is applying this guidance to qualifying loan modifications   39 Table of Contents   OVERVIEW   The following discussion provides information about the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of RBB and its wholly owned subsidiaries. This information is intended to facilitate the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our financial condition and the results of our operations. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements included in our 2020 Annual Report, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes presented elsewhere in this Report.   For the second quarter of 2021, we reported net earnings of $13.4 million, compared with $6.5 million for the second quarter of 2020, for an increase of $6.9 million from the second quarter of 2020. Diluted earnings per share were $0.67 per share for the second quarter of 2021, compared to $0.33 for the same period last year.   At June 30, 2021, total assets were $3.9 billion, an increase of $540.6 million, or 16.1%, from total assets of $3.4 billion at December 31, 2020. Interest-earning assets were $3.7 billion as of June 30, 2021, an increase of $495.9 million, or 15.7%, compared with $3.2 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase in interest-earning assets was primarily due to a $409.0 million increase in federal funds sold and other cash equivalents, a $128.2 million increase in investment securities and a $2.4 million increase in loans held for investment, partially offset by a $40.7 million decrease in mortgage loans held for sale.  The increase in federal funds sold and other cash equivalents is primarily due to the increase in deposits.   At June 30, 2021, AFS investment securities totaled $339.6 million, inclusive of a pre-tax net unrealized gain of $236,000, compared to $210.9 million, inclusive of a pre-tax unrealized gain of $1.6 million at December 31, 2020. HTM investment securities totaled $6.7 million at June 30, 2021 and $7.2 million at December 31. 2020.   Total HFI loans and leases, net of deferred fees and discounts, increased $2.4 million or 0.09% to $2.71 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $2.71 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to organic loan growth. Between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021, commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans increased by $98.8 million, construction and land development (“C&D”) loans increased by $50.2 million, SBA loans increased by $751,000, and other loans increased by $5.7 million.  These increases were partially offset by decreases in single-family residential (“SFR”) mortgage loans of $140.0 million, and commercial and industrial ("C&I") loans of $13.1 million.  The SFR mortgage portfolio is pre-paying more quickly than anticipated origination because interest rates to refinance are at historical lows.   HFS loans were $9.2 million at June 30, 2021, compared to $50.0 million at December 31, 2020.  The decrease was due to loan sales. Noninterest-bearing deposits were $940.0 million at June 30, 2021, an increase of $322.8 million, or 52.3%, compared to $617.2 million at December 31, 2020.  Interest-bearing deposits were $2.13 billion at June 30, 2021, an increase of $112.0 million, or 5.5%, compared to $2.02 billion at December 31, 2020. The increases were driven by normal business growth. At June 30, 2021, noninterest-bearing deposits were 30.6% of total deposits, compared to 23.4% at December 31, 2020. Our average cost of total deposits was 0.41% for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, compared to 1.10% for the same period last year. The decrease is primarily due to an increase of $355.5 million in average noninterest bearing demand deposits, and a decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits to 0.59% from 1.42% due to the decline in market rates.   Borrowings, consisting of long-term FHLB advances, long-term debt and subordinated debt, increased to $337.1 million at June 30, 2021, compared to $268.7 million as of December 31, 2020, or an increase of $68.4 million or 25.5%.  This primarily was due to the subordinated debenture issuance in March 2021 of $120.0 million, partially offset by the redemption of $50 million in subordinated debentures that were issued in March 2016.  The $120.0 million of ten-year subordinated debentures have a fixed to floating rate, with a fixed rate of 4.00% through April 1, 2026 and a floating rate thereafter of three month SOFR plus 329 basis points and will mature on April 1, 2031. The $150.0 million in five-year FHLB advances have an average fixed rate of 1.18% and will mature by March 2025. The purpose of the advances was to enhance our liquidity in light of the COVID-19 pandemic at an attractive interest rate. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no short-term advances from the FHLB.   The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases, as of January 1, 2021.  As of June 30, 2021, the Company reported $25.1 million in right-of-use assets for operating leases, and $25.8 million in lease liabilities.   The allowance for loan losses was $31.4 million at June 30, 2021, compared to $29.3 million at December 31, 2020, an increase of $2.0 million during the six-month period ending June 30, 2021. The increase was due to a $2.1 million credit loss provision, attributable to non-performing loans of $19.2 million at June 30, 2021, as well as an increase in our general reserve qualitative factors because of economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The allowance for loan losses to total HFI loans and leases outstanding was 1.16% and 1.08% as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.   Shareholders’ equity increased $13.8 million, or 3.2%, to $442.3 million during the six-month period ending June 30, 2021 due to $25.8 million of net income, $806,000 from the exercise of stock options and $602,000 from stock-based compensation, which was partially offset by $4.9 million of common stock dividends, $7.6 million from the repurchase of common stock and a $962,000 decrease in net accumulated other comprehensive income. The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income primarily resulted from decreases in unrealized gains on AFS securities.   Our capital ratios under the revised capital framework referred to as Basel III remain well capitalized. As of June 30, 2021, the Company’s Tier 1 leverage capital ratio was 10.20%, the common equity Tier 1 ratio was 14.76%, the Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 15.33%, and the total risk-based capital ratio was 23.48%. See “Analysis of Financial Condition -- Regulatory Capital Requirements” herein for a further discussion of our regulatory capital requirements.   40 Table of Contents   ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS   Financial Performance       For the Three Months Ended June 30,     Increase (Decrease)     For the Six Months Ended June 30,     Increase (Decrease)       2021     2020     $ or #       %   2021     2020     $ or #     %       (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)     (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)   Interest income   $ 35,971     $ 34,103     $ 1,868       5.5 %   $ 71,511     $ 68,131     $ 3,380       5.0 % Interest expense     5,914       9,069       (3,155 )     (34.8 )%     11,969       19,504       (7,535 )     (38.6 )% Net interest income     30,057       25,034       5,023       20.1 %     59,542       48,627       10,915       22.4 % Provision for loan losses     628       3,009       (2,381 )     (79.1 )%     2,128       4,954       (2,826 )     (57.0 )% Net interest income after provision for loan losses     29,429       22,025       7,404       33.6 %     57,414       43,673       13,741       31.5 % Noninterest income     4,171       2,208       1,963       88.9 %     10,065       6,823       3,242       47.5 % Noninterest expense     14,680       14,819       (139 )     (0.9 )%     30,472       31,082       (610 )     (2.0 )% Income before income taxes     18,920       9,414       9,506       101.0 %     37,007       19,414       17,593       90.6 % Income tax expense     5,540       2,901       2,639       91.0 %     11,171       6,153       5,018       81.6 % Net income   $ 13,380     $ 6,513     $ 6,867       105.4 %   $ 25,836     $ 13,261     $ 12,575       94.8 % Share Data                                                                 Earnings per common share:                                                                 Basic   $ 0.69     $ 0.33     $ 0.36       109.1 %   $ 1.32     $ 0.67     $ 0.65       97.0 % Diluted (1)     0.67       0.33       0.34       103.0 %     1.30       0.66       0.64       97.0 % Weighted average shares outstanding (1):                                                                 Basic     19,432,204       19,710,330       (278,126 )     (1.4 )%     19,453,889       19,841,093       (387,204 )     (2.0 )% Diluted     19,874,969       19,806,304       68,665       0.4 %     19,844,077       20,036,316       (192,239 )     (1.0 )% Performance Ratios                                                                 Return on average assets, annualized     1.39 %     0.83 %     0.56 %     67.5 %     1.43 %     0.86 %     0.57 %     66.3 % Return on average shareholders’ equity, annualized     12.13 %     6.34 %     5.79 %     91.3 %     11.89 %     6.47 %     5.42 %     83.8 % Noninterest income to average assets, annualized     0.43 %     0.28 %     0.15 %     53.6 %     0.56 %     0.44 %     0.12 %     27.3 % Noninterest expense to average assets, annualized     1.53 %     1.89 %     (0.36 )%     (19.1 )%     1.69 %     2.02 %     (0.33 )%     (16.3 )% Efficiency ratio     42.89 %     54.40 %     (11.51 )%     (21.2 )%     43.78 %     56.05 %     (12.27 )%     (21.9 )% Dividend payout ratio     18.84 %     18.18 %     0.66 %     3.6 %     18.94 %     26.87 %     (7.93 )%     (29.5 )% Average equity to asset ratio     11.50 %     13.09 %     (1.59 )%     (12.2 )%     12.03 %     13.32 %     (1.29 )%     (9.7 )% Return on average tangible common equity, annualized (2)     14.57 %     7.77 %     6.80 %     87.5 %     14.31 %     7.95 %     6.36 %     80.0 % Tangible book value per share (2)   $ 19.04     $ 17.17     $ 1.87       10.9 %   $ 19.04     $ 17.17     $ 1.87       10.9 %       (1) Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing earnings to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of shares adjusted for the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options using the treasury stock method.     (2) Tangible book value per share and return on average tangible common equity are non-GAAP financial measures. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for a reconciliation of these measures to their most comparable GAAP measures.   41 Table of Contents   Net Interest Income   The principal component of our earnings is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest and fees earned on loans and investments (interest-earning assets) and the interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds (interest-bearing liabilities). Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets for the period. The level of interest rates and the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impact net interest income and net interest margin. The net interest spread is the yield on average interest earning assets minus the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin and net interest spread are included on a tax equivalent (“TE”) basis by adjusting interest income utilizing the federal statutory tax rate of 21% for 2020 and 2021. Our net interest income, interest spread, and net interest margin are sensitive to general business and economic conditions. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, monetary supply, and the strength of the international, national and state economies, in general, and more specifically, the local economies in which we conduct business. Our ability to manage net interest income during changing interest rate environments will have a significant impact on our overall performance. We manage net interest income through affecting changes in the mix of interest-earning assets as well as the mix of interest-bearing liabilities, changes in the level of interest-bearing liabilities in proportion to interest-earning assets, and in the growth and maturity of earning assets. For additional information see the sections on “ Capital Resources and Liquidity Management ” and Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk included in this Report.   The following tables present average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The average balances are principally daily averages and, for loans, include both performing and nonperforming balances. Interest income on loans includes the effects of discount accretion and net deferred loan origination costs accounted for as yield adjustments.   Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities       For the Three Months Ended June 30,       2021     2020   (tax-equivalent basis, dollars in thousands)   Average     Interest     Yield /     Average     Interest     Yield /       Balance     & Fees     Rate     Balance     & Fees     Rate   Interest-earning assets:                                                 Federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other (1)   $ 582,554     $ 508       0.35 %   $ 231,943     $ 583       1.01 % Securities (2)                                                 Available for sale     328,004       751       0.92 %     171,298       823       1.93 % Held to maturity     6,667       60       3.61 %     7,661       72       3.78 % Mortgage loans held for sale     21,033       173       3.30 %     25,130       303       4.85 % Loans held for investment: (3)                                                 Real estate     2,292,145       29,794       5.21 %     2,147,646       28,216       5.28 % Commercial     388,049       4,702       4.86 %     364,189       4,114       4.54 % Total loans held for investment     2,680,194       34,496       5.16 %     2,511,835       32,330       5.18 % Total earning assets     3,618,452     $ 35,988       3.99 %     2,947,867     $ 34,111       4.65 % Noninterest-earning assets     230,049                       206,833                   Total assets   $ 3,848,501                     $ 3,154,700                                                                     Interest-bearing liabilities:                                                 NOW   $ 66,777     $ 45       0.27 %   $ 57,547     $ 60       0.42 % Money market     640,026       628       0.39 %     404,480       691       0.69 % Saving deposits     140,418       35       0.10 %     123,868       31       0.10 % Time deposits, less than $250,000     657,494       1,163       0.71 %     725,142       3,143       1.74 % Time deposits, $250,000 and over     604,429       1,247       0.83 %     589,090       2,790       1.90 % Total interest-bearing deposits     2,109,144       3,118       0.59 %     1,900,127       6,715       1.42 % FHLB advances     150,000       440       1.18 %     150,000       439       1.18 % Long-term debt     172,622       2,206       5.13 %     104,168       1,747       6.75 % Subordinated debentures     14,357       150       4.19 %     14,141       168       4.78 % Total interest-bearing liabilities     2,446,123       5,914       0.97 %     2,168,436       9,069       1.68 % Noninterest-bearing liabilities                                                 Noninterest-bearing deposits     913,442                       557,903                   Other noninterest-bearing liabilities     46,549                       15,509                   Total noninterest-bearing liabilities     959,991                       573,412                   Shareholders' equity     442,387                       412,852                   Total liabilities and shareholders' equity   $ 3,848,501                     $ 3,154,700                   Net interest income / interest rate spreads           $ 30,074       3.02 %           $ 25,042       2.97 % Net interest margin                     3.33 %                     3.42 %     (1) Includes income and average balances for FHLB stock, term federal funds, interest-bearing time deposits and other miscellaneous interest-bearing assets.   (2) Interest income and average rates for tax-exempt securities are presented on a tax-equivalent basis.   (3) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.   42 Table of Contents         Six Months Ended June 30,       2021     2020   (tax-equivalent basis, dollars in   Average     Interest     Yield /     Average     Interest     Yield /   thousands)   Balance     & Fees     Rate     Balance     & Fees     Rate   Interest-earning assets:                                                 Federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other (1)   $ 399,907     $ 905       0.46 %   $ 240,755     $ 1,514       1.26 % Securities: (2)                                                 Available for sale     284,129       1,323       0.94 %     154,936       1,578       2.05 % Held to maturity     6,832       126       3.72 %     7,839       147       3.77 % Mortgage loans held for sale     37,436       584       3.15 %     51,595       1,284       5.00 % Loans held for investment: (3)                                                 Real estate     2,299,746       59,315       5.20 %     2,077,467       54,644       5.29 % Commercial     386,256       9,286       4.85 %     350,869       8,981       5.15 % Total loans held for investment     2,686,002       68,601       5.15 %     2,428,336       63,625       5.27 % Total earning assets     3,414,306     $ 71,539       4.23 %     2,883,461     $ 68,148       4.75 % Noninterest-earning assets     229,032                       209,699                   Total assets   $ 3,643,338                     $ 3,093,160                                                                     Interest-bearing liabilities:                                                 NOW deposits   $ 65,690     $ 88       0.27 %   $ 50,692     $ 102       0.40 % Money market deposits     609,854       1,251       0.41 %     418,243       1,837       0.88 % Savings deposits     135,810       67       0.10 %     119,410       86       0.14 % Time deposits, less than $250,000     660,246       2,659       0.81 %     731,448       6,869       1.89 % Time deposits, $250,000 and over     599,234       2,716       0.91 %     604,987       6,150       2.04 % Total interest-bearing deposits     2,070,834       6,781       0.66 %     1,924,780       15,044       1.57 % FHLB advances     150,000       875       1.18 %     100,989       589       1.17 % Long-term debt     142,349       4,015       5.69 %     104,125       3,495       6.75 % Subordinated debentures     14,330       298       4.19 %     14,234       376       5.31 % Total interest-bearing liabilities     2,377,513       11,969       1.02 %     2,144,128       19,504       1.83 % Noninterest-bearing liabilities                                                 Noninterest-bearing deposits     784,276                       521,729                   Other noninterest-bearing liabilities     43,352                       15,282                   Total noninterest-bearing liabilities     827,628                       537,011                   Shareholders' equity     438,197                       412,021                   Total liabilities and shareholders' equity   $ 3,643,338                     $ 3,093,160                   Net interest income / interest rate spreads           $ 59,570       3.21 %           $ 48,644       2.92 % Net interest margin                     3.52 %                     3.39 %     (1) Includes income and average balances for FHLB stock, term federal funds, interest-bearing time deposits and other miscellaneous interest-bearing assets.   (2) Interest income and average rates for tax-exempt securities are presented on a tax-equivalent basis.   (3) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.     43 Table of Contents Interest Rates and Operating Interest Differential   Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous period’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the previous period’s volume. Changes which are not due solely to volume or rate have been allocated to these categories based on the respective percent changes in average volume and average rate as they compare to each other.       Comparison of Three Months Ended     Comparison of Six Months Ended       June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020     June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020       Change due to:             Change due to:           (tax-equivalent basis, dollars in thousands)   Volume     Rate     Interest Variance     Volume     Rate     Interest Variance   Earning assets:                                                 Federal funds sold, cash equivalents & other (1)   $ 2,085     $ (2,160 )   $ (75 )   $ 1,654     $ (2,263 )   $ (609 ) Securities: (2)                                                 Available for sale     2,155       (2,227 )     (72 )     1,931       (2,186 )     (255 ) Held to maturity     (9 )     (3 )     (12 )     (19 )     (2 )     (21 ) Mortgage loans held for sale     (44 )     (86 )     (130 )     (298 )     (402 )     (700 ) Loans held for investment: (3)                                                 Real estate     3,830       (2,252 )     1,578       7,257       (2,586 )     4,671   Commercial     283       305       588       1,528       (1,223 )     305   Total loans held for investment     4,113       (1,947 )     2,166       8,785       (3,809 )     4,976   Total earning assets   $ 8,300     $ (6,423 )   $ 1,877     $ 12,053     $ (8,662 )   $ 3,391                                                     Interest-bearing liabilities                                                 NOW   $ 49     $ (64 )   $ (15 )   $ 56     $ (70 )   $ (14 ) Money market     1,353       (1,416 )     (63 )     1,545       (2,131 )     (586 ) Saving deposits     4       -       4       25       (44 )     (19 ) Time deposits, less than $250,000     (270 )     (1,710 )     (1,980 )     (613 )     (3,597 )     (4,210 ) Time deposits, $250,000 and over     488       (2,031 )     (1,543 )     (58 )     (3,376 )     (3,434 ) Total interest-bearing deposits     1,624       (5,221 )     (3,597 )     955       (9,218 )     (8,263 ) FHLB advances     1       -       1       281       5       286   Long-term debt     2,809       (2,350 )     459       1,910       (1,390 )     520   Subordinated debentures     16       (34 )     (18 )     7       (85 )     (78 ) Total interest-bearing liabilities     4,450       (7,605 )     (3,155 )     3,153       (10,688 )     (7,535 ) Changes in net interest income   $ 3,850     $ 1,182     $ 5,032     $ 8,900     $ 2,026     $ 10,926       (1) Includes income and average balances for FHLB stock, term federal funds, interest-bearing time deposits and other miscellaneous interest-bearing assets.   (2) Interest income and average rates for tax-exempt securities are presented on a tax-equivalent basis.   (3) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs.   44 Table of Contents   Results of Operations — Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30 , 2021 and 2020   The following discussion of our results of operations compares the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.   Net Interest Income/Average Balance Sheet. In the second quarter of 2021, we generated $30.1 million of taxable-equivalent net interest income, which was an increase of $5.0 million, or 20.1%, from the $25.0 million of taxable-equivalent net interest income we earned in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a $670.6 million increase in average earning assets, a 71 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities and a $355.5 million increase in average non-interest earning deposits, partially offset by a 66 basis point decrease in the average yield on interest-earning assets.  The decrease in average yield on interest-earning assets was primarily due to a decrease in rates and increased balances in federal funds sold, cash equivalents and  commercial paper.  The increase in average interest-earning assets resulted from increases in average federal funds sold and cash equivalents, investment securities and average loan balances.   Our average interest-bearing deposit balances increased by $209.0 million, primarily as a result of organic growth. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a 71 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and a $355.5 million increase in average non-interest bearing demand deposits. For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, our net interest margin was 3.33% and 3.42%, respectively.  Our net interest margin benefits from discount accretion on our purchased loan portfolios. Our net interest margin for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, excluding accretion income, would have been 3.31% and 3.28%, respectively.   Total tax-equivalent interest income was $36.0 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to $34.1 million for the second quarter of 2020. The $1.9 million, or 5.5%, increase in total tax-equivalent interest income was primarily due to a $670.6 million increase in average earning assets, partially offset by a 66 basis point decrease in the yield on average earning assets.   Interest and fees on HFI and HFS loans for the second quarter of 2021 was $34.7 million compared to $32.6 million for the second quarter of 2020. The $2.0 million, or 6.2%, increase was primarily due to a $164.3 million, or 6.5%, increase in the average balance of total loans outstanding, partially offset by a 3 basis point decrease in the average yield on loans, reflecting the decline in market interest rates.  The increase in the average loan balance was primarily due to organic loan growth. Purchased loan discount accretion income totaled $183,000 in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $989,000 in the second quarter of 2020. The average yield on loans benefits from discount accretion on our purchased loan portfolio. For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the yield on total HFI and HFS loans was 5.15% and 5.17%, respectively, while the yield on total loans excluding accretion income would have been 5.12% and 5.01%, respectively.  Due to payoffs of acquired loans, we expect accretion income to decline through the remainder of 2021.       As of and For the Three Months Ended     As of and For the Six Months Ended       June 30,     June 30,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     2021     2020   Beginning balance of discount on purchased loans   $ 2,391     $ 5,065     $ 2,872     $ 5,068   Additions due to acquisitions:                                 Commercial and industrial     —       —       —       35   Construction and land development     —       —       —       10   Commercial real estate     —       —       —       145   Single family residential mortgages     —       —       —       696   Total additions   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 886   Accretion:                                 Commercial and industrial     (1 )     2       (6 )     1   SBA     3       3       6       11   Construction and land development     —       3       1       4   Commercial real estate     (47 )     1,063       112       1,492   Single family residential mortgages     228       (82 )     551       370   Total accretion   $ 183     $ 989     $ 664     $ 1,878   Ending balance of discount on purchased loans   $ 2,208     $ 4,076     $ 2,208     $ 4,076     Interest income on our total securities portfolio (taxable equivalent) decreased $84,000, or 9.4%, to $811,000 in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $895,000 in the second quarter of 2020. This decrease is primarily attributable to a 104 basis point decrease in the yield on average securities, partially offset by a $155.7 million, or 87.0%, increase in the average balance, in the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the second quarter of 2020. Securities income reported in the average balance sheet has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis; interest income reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income has not been grossed-up.   Interest income on interest-earning deposits, dividend income on FHLB stock, federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other investments decreased to $508,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $583,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a 66 basis point decrease in the average yield between the two periods, partially offset by a $350.6 million increase in the average balance of short-term cash investments.   Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities decreased by $3.2 million, or 34.8%, to $5.9 million for the second quarter of 2021 as compared to $9.1 million in the second quarter of 2020 due to decreases in interest rates on both deposits and borrowings, partially offset by a $277.7 million increase in average interest-bearing liabilities.   Interest expense on deposits decreased to $3.1 million for the second quarter of 2021 as compared to $6.7 million for the second quarter of 2020. The $3.6 million, or 53.6%, decrease in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to an 83 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits, plus a $52.3 million decrease in average time deposits, partially offset by $261.3 million increase in average NOW, money market and saving deposits. Deposits increased due to organic deposit growth. The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $209.0 million, or 11.0%, from $1.9 billion in the second quarter of 2020 compared to $2.1 billion in the second quarter of 2021.  Average brokered certificates of deposit were $17.4 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $32.8 million in the second quarter of 2020. Average non-interest-bearing deposits increased to $913.4 million, or 63.7%, from $557.9 million in the second quarter of 2020. The 83 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits was primarily due to lower market interest rates.   45 Table of Contents   Interest expense on FHLB advances increased $1,000 from $439,000 in the second quarter of 2020 to $440,000 in the second quarter of 2021. The average balance remained unchanged from $150.0 million between the two quarters. The $150.0 million in FHLB advances at June 30, 2021 were fixed-rate FHLB advances with an average rate of 1.18% maturing in the first quarter of 2025. The purpose of this borrowing was to obtain funding in order to enhance liquidity in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and obtain funding at an attractive interest rate. The Company had no outstanding overnight FHLB advances as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, which are used for general liquidity needs.    Interest expense on long-term debt and subordinated debentures increased by $441,000 to $2.4 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $1.9 million during the second quarter of 2020. The increase in interest expense on long-term debt and subordinated debentures was due to the issuance of $120.0 million of subordinated debentures at an initial rate of 4.0%, on March 23, 2021, of which $50.0 million was used to redeem the 2016 issuance of subordinated debentures. The average balance of long-term debt and subordinated debentures increased to $187.0 million in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $118.3 million in the second quarter of 2020.  The average rate on long-term debt and subordinated debentures was 5.05% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 6.51% in the second quarter of 2020.   Provision for Credit Losses . The $2.4 million decrease in the provision for credit losses, to $628,000 in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $3.0 million in the second quarter of 2020, was primarily attributable to a decrease in 30-89 day past due loans and a decrease in non-performing loans. There were $71,000 in net loan charge-offs in the second quarter of 2021, as compared to $320,000 in net loan charge-offs in the second quarter of 2020.   Noninterest Income. Noninterest income increased $2.0 million, or 88.9%, to $4.2 million for the second quarter of 2021, compared to $2.2 million in the same quarter in the prior year. The following table sets forth the major components of our noninterest income for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:   For the three months ended June 30,   Increase (decrease)   For the six months ended June 30,   Increase (decrease)   (dollars in thousands) 2021   2020   $   %   2021   2020   $   %   Noninterest income:                                                 Service charges, fees and other $ 1,374   $ 1,065   $ 309     29.0 % $ 2,784   $ 2,144   $ 640     29.9 % Gain on sale of loans   2,572     81     2,491     3075.3 %   6,413     2,792     3,621     129.7 % Loan servicing fee, net of amortization   118     708     (590 )   (83.3 )%   364     1,300     (936 )   (72.0 )% Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations   5     5     —     0.0 %   10     47     (37 )   (78.7 )% Unrealized loss on equity investments   (35 )   —     (35 )   100.0 %   (55 )   —     (55 )   100.0 % (Loss) Gain on derivatives   (80 )   —     (80 )   100.0 %   145     —     145     100.0 % Increase in cash surrender of life insurance   217     191     26     13.6 %   404     382     22     5.8 % Gain on sale of AFS securities   —     158     (158 )   (100.0 )%   —     158     (158 )   (100.0 )% Total noninterest income $ 4,171   $ 2,208   $ 1,963     88.9 % $ 10,065   $ 6,823   $ 3,242     47.5 %   Service charges, fees and other income. Service charges, fees and other income totaled $1.4 million in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $1.1 million in the second quarter of 2020. The $309,000 increase was in part due to a $149,000 increase in analysis charges, a $42,000 increase in loan payoff fees, and a $42,000 increase in insurance activity.  The increase in analysis charges are due to the increase in the noninterest-bearing deposits, which generate service charges.   Gain on sale of loans. Gains on sale of loans are comprised primarily of gains on sale of SFR mortgage loans and SBA loans. Gains on sale of loans totaled $2.6 million in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $81,000 in the second quarter of 2020. The increase was primarily caused by an increase of $71.7 million in loan sale volume, primarily due to an increase in FNMA loan sales.   46 Table of Contents   The following table presents information on loans sold and gains on loans sold for the three and six months June 30, 2021 and 2020.     For the three months ended June 30,     Increase (Decrease)     For the six months ended June 30,     Increase (Decrease)   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     $   %     2021     2020     $     %   Loans sold:                                                               SBA   $ 5,902     $ 1,249     $ 4,653     372.5 %   $ 9,443     $ 2,646     $ 6,797       256.9 % Single family residential mortgage     72,303       5,212       67,091     1287.2 %     202,392       105,676       96,716       91.5 %     $ 78,205     $ 6,461     $ 71,744     1110.4 %   $ 211,835     $ 108,322     $ 103,513       95.6 % Gain on loans sold:                                                               SBA   $ 747     $ 69     $ 678     982.6 %   $ 1,102     $ 159     $ 943       593.1 % Single family residential mortgage     1,825       12       1,813     15108.3 %     5,310       2,633       2,677       101.7 %     $ 2,572     $ 81     $ 2,491     3075.3 %   $ 6,412     $ 2,792     $ 3,620       129.7 %   Loan servicing income, net of amortization. Our loan servicing income, net of amortization, decreased by $590,000 to $118,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to net servicing income of $708,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Loan servicing income, net of amortization decreased due to a lower amount of SFR loans serviced, and loan payoffs.  We are experiencing higher loan pre-payments in SFR loans and SBA loans due to borrowers refinancing their loans at historic low interest rates.  The following table presents information on loans servicing income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. (dollars in thousands)   For the three months ended June 30,     Increase (Decrease)     For the six months ended June 30,     Increase (Decrease)   For the period   2021     2020     $     %     2021     2020     $     %   Loan servicing income, net of amortization:                                                                 Single family residential loans serviced   $ (83 )   $ 405     $ (488 )     (120.5 )%   $ (73 )   $ 942     $ (1,015 )     (107.7 )% SBA loans serviced     201       303       (102 )     (33.7 )%     437       358       79       22.1 % Total   $ 118     $ 708     $ (590 )     (83.3 )%   $ 364     $ 1,300     $ (936 )     (72.0 )%   We are servicing SFR mortgage loans for other financial institutions and FNMA, and we are servicing SBA and CRE loans as of June 30, 2021. The decline in the respective servicing portfolios reflects prepayment of loans from year-end 2020 through the second quarter of 2021.   The following table shows loans serviced for others as of June 30, 2021 and 2020:       June 30,     Increase (Decrease)   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     $     %   As of period-end                                 Single family residential loans serviced   $ 1,418,318     $ 1,617,875     $ (199,557 )     (12.3 )% SBA loans serviced     154,090       155,244       (1,154 )     (0.7 )% Commercial real estate loans serviced     4,108       4,181       (73 )     (1.7 )% Total   $ 1,576,516     $ 1,777,300     $ (200,784 )     (11.3 )%   Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations. Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations was $5,000 for both quarters ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020.   Unrealized loss on equity securities.   There was $35,000 in unrealized loss on equity securities for the second quarter of 2021, compared to no gain or loss in the second quarter of 2020, per the guidance of ASU 2016-01.   Loss on Derivatives.   The $80,000 loss on derivatives in the second quarter was due to a lower amount of loans that were committed to be delivered to FNMA at quarter-end.   Cash surrender value of life insurance. The income from the cash surrender value of life insurance increased $26,000 in the quarter ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same quarter in 2020.   47 Table of Contents   Noninterest expense. Noninterest expense decreased $139,000, or 0.9%, to $14.7 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $14.8 million in the second quarter of 2020. The following table sets forth major components of our noninterest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:       For the three months ended June 30,     Increase (decrease)     For the six months ended June 30,     Increase (decrease)   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     $     %     2021     2020     $     %   Noninterest expense:                                                                 Salaries and employee benefits   $ 8,742     $ 8,103     $ 639       7.9 %   $ 17,984     $ 17,608     $ 376       2.1 % Occupancy and equipment expenses     2,135       2,527       (392 )     (15.5 )%     4,377       4,931       (554 )     (11.2 )% Data processing     1,231       882       349       39.6 %     2,671       2,024       647       32.0 % Legal and professional     536       670       (134 )     (20.0 )%     1,341       1,274       67       5.3 % Office expenses     272       337       (65 )     (19.3 )%     527       660       (133 )     (20.2 )% Marketing and business promotion     231       111       120       108.1 %     415       325       90       27.7 % Insurance and regulatory assessments     354       234       120       51.3 %     702       411       291       70.8 % Amortization of core deposit intangible     287       357       (70 )     (19.6 )%     588       714       (126 )     (17.6 )% OREO expenses     4       14       (10 )     (71.4 )%     9       28       (19 )     (67.9 )% Merger expenses     17       276       (259 )     (93.8 )%     59       679       (620 )     (91.3 )% Other expenses     871       1,308       (437 )     (33.4 )%     1,799       2,428       (629 )     (25.9 )% Total noninterest expense   $ 14,680     $ 14,819     $ (139 )     (0.9 )%   $ 30,472     $ 31,082     $ (610 )     (2.0 )%   Salaries and employee benefits expense. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased $639,000, or 7.9%, to $8.7 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to $8.1 million for the second quarter of 2020, due to normal salary increases, increases in staff level and increases in health benefit costs.  The number of full-time equivalent employees was 369 at June 30, 2021 compared to 350 at June 30, 2020. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, or governed by any collective bargaining agreements. We consider relations with our employees to be satisfactory.  On a periodic basis, the human resources department will advise senior management of the following human capital management metrics:  (1) open positions, (2) overtime expense, (3) staff turnover, and (4) employee headcount.   Occupancy and equipment expense. Occupancy and equipment expense decreased $392,000, or 15.5%, to $2.1 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to $2.5 million for the second quarter of 2020 due to decreases in rent due to branch consolidation.    Data processing expense. Data processing expense increased $349,000, or 39.6%, to $1.2 million for the second quarter of 2021, compared to $882,000 for the second quarter of 2020, due to the establishment of reserves for ongoing IT projects. Effective June 2019, the Company renegotiated its data processing master agreement with the vendor, under which the Company is allowed to offset future monthly data processing expenses up to approximately $2.2 million through January 2026. As of June 30, 2021, $1.4 million of this benefit remained for future use.   Legal and professional expense. Legal and professional expense decreased $134,000 to $536,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $670,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to normal business activity.   Office expenses. Office expenses are comprised of communications, postage, armored car, and office supplies and were $272,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $337,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. This decrease primarily resulted from normal business activity.   Marketing and business promotion expenses. Marketing and business promotion expense increased by $120,000, or 108.1%, to $231,000 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $111,000 for the second quarter of 2020. The increase was primarily due to increased marketing efforts in the second quarter of 2021.   48 Table of Contents   Insurance and regulatory expenses. Insurance and regulatory assessments increased $120,000, or 51.3%, to $354,000 in the second quarter of 2021.   Amortization of core deposit intangible expense. Amortization of the core deposit intangible was $287,000 in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $357,000 in the same period of 2020.   Merger expenses. Merger expense was $17,000 in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $276,000 in the same period of 2020, following the completion of the PGBH acquisition in the first quarter of 2020.   Other Expenses. Other expenses decreased $437,000, or 33.4%, to $871,000 for the second quarter of 2021, compared to $1.3 million in the second quarter of 2020.  There was a reversal in the provision reserve for unfunded commitments of $104,000 in the second quarter of 2021 compared to a provision of $51,000 in the second quarter of 2020. The Company recorded an impairment writedown of $366,000 on servicing assets in the second quarter of 2020.   Income Tax Expense. During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $5.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 29.3% and 30.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recognized tax benefit from stock option exercises of $68,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and $1,000 expense for the same period in 2020.   Net Income. Net income after tax amounted to $13.4 million for the second quarter 2021, a $6.8 million increase, or a 105.4% increase from $6.5 million in the second quarter of 2020. For the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the second quarter of 2020, net interest income before the provision for credit losses increased by $5.0 million, the provision for credit losses decreased by $2.4 million, non-interest income increased by $2.0 million, non-interest expense decreased by $139,000, and income tax expense increased by $2.6 million.   Results of Operations — Comparison of Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020   The following discussion of our results of operations compares the first half ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively.  The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.   Net Interest Income/Average Balance Sheet.   In the first half of 2021, we generated net interest income of $59.6 million, an increase of $10.9 million, or 18.3%, from the $48.6 million in net interest income for the first half of 2020.  This increase was largely due to a $530.8 million increase in the average balance on interest-earning assets, partially offset by a 52 basis point decrease in the average yield of interest-earning assets.  The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was primarily due to organic HFI loan growth, an increase in Federal funds sold and cash equivalents, and investment securities, partially offset by a decrease in average HFS loans.  The increase in Federal funds sold and cash equivalents is due to the increase in noninterest-bearing deposits.   For the six-months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, our net interest margin was 3.52% and 3.39%, respectively.  Our net interest margin benefits from discount accretion on our purchased loan portfolios.  The net interest margin for the six-months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, excluding accretion income, would have been 3.48% and 3.26%, respectively.   Total interest income was $71.5 million for the first half of 2021 compared to $68.1 million for the first half of 2020. The $3.4 million, or 4.7%, increase in total interest income was due to increases in interest earned on our loan portfolio, partially offset by a decrease on our securities portfolio.   Interest and fees on loans was $69.2 million for the first half of 2021 compared to $64.9 million for the first half of 2020. The $4.3 million, or 6.6%, increase in interest income on loans was primarily due to a 243.5 million increase in average total loans partially offset by a 14 basis point decrease in the average yield on total loans. The average yield on loans benefits from discount accretion on our acquired loan portfolios. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the average yield on total loans was 5.12% and 5.26%, respectively, while the average yield on total loans excluding accretion income would have been 5.07% and 5.11%, respectively. A substantial portion of our acquired loan portfolio that is subject to discount accretion consists of commercial real estate loans.   Interest income on our securities portfolio (taxable equivalent) decreased $276,000, or 16.0%, to $1.4 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $1.7 million in the first half of 2020. The decrease in interest income on securities was primarily due to a 113 basis point decrease in the average yield on securities, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of the portfolio of $128.2 million, or 78.8%. Securities income reported in the average balance sheet has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis; interest income reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income has not been grossed-up.   Interest income on our federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other investments decreased $609,000, or 40.2%, to $905,000 in the first half of 2021 compared to $1.5 million in the first half of 2020. The decrease in interest income on these cash equivalents was due to a 80 basis point decrease in the average yield partially offset by an increase in the average balance of $159.2 million. The reasons for the decreased yield were the decrease in the federal funds rate over the period.   Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities decreased $7.5 million, or 38.6%, to $12.0 million in in the first half of 2021 compared to $19.5 million in the first half of 2020 due to lower rates on interest bearing liabilities (NOW, money market and time deposits, and FHLB advances), partially offset by increases in interest bearing balances of $233.4 million (deposits, FHLB long- and short-term advances, long-term debt and subordinated debentures).   Interest expense on deposits decreased to $6.8 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $15.0 million in the first half of 2020.  The $8.3 million, or 54.9%, decrease in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to a 91 basis point decrease in average deposit rates, partially offset by a $146.1 million, or 7.6%, increase in the average balance of total interest bearing deposits. The increase in the average balance of deposits resulted primarily from normal business growth.   Interest expense on borrowings (FHLB advances, long-term debt and subordinated debentures) increased to $5.2 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $4.5 million in the first half of 2020. This increase was primarily due to the average FHLB advance increasing to $150.0 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $101.0 million in the first half of 2020.  FHLB advances were primarily used to fund held-for-sale loans.   Provision for Loan Losses . Provision for loan loss expense in the first half of 2021 was $2.1 million, compared to a $5.0 million provision in the first half of 2020.   Noninterest Income. Noninterest income increased $3.2 million, or 47.5%, to $10.1 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $6.8 million in the first half of 2020.  The table on page 46  sets forth major components of our noninterest income for the respective periods.   Service charges, fees and other income. Service charges, fees and other income increased to $2.8 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $2.1 million in the first half of 2020. The increase primarily resulted from increased account analysis charges.   Gain on sale of loans. Gain on sale of loans increased to $6.4 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $2.8 million in the first half of 2020 due to an increased amount of mortgage loan sales. As noted in the table on page 47 , we sold $211.8 million in SFR mortgage and SBA loans in the first half of 2021, compared to $108.3 million in the same period of 2020.    Loan servicing income, net of amortization. Our loan servicing income, net of amortization decreased by $936,000 to $364,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.  The reduction in income is due to the decrease in loans being serviced in 2021, which is a result of high pre-payments in SFR mortgages serviced.  We were servicing $1.6 billion in SFR mortgage, SBA and CRE loans as of June 30, 2021 compared to $1.8 billion as of June 30, 2020. Additional details are reflected in the table on page 47 .    Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations. Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations decreased $37,000 to $10,000 in the first half of 2021 compared to $47,000 in the first half of 2020.   Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities.   There was $55,000 in unrealized loss on equity securities for the first half of 2021 and none in the first half of 2020, per the guidance of ASU 2016-01.   Gain on Derivatives.   The $80,000 loss on derivatives in the second quarter was due to a lower amount of loans that were committed to be delivered to FNMA at quarter-end.   Increase in cash surrender of life insurance.   Cash surrender of life insurance value increased by $22,000 to $404,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $382,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.   Noninterest expense. Noninterest expense decreased $610,000, or 2.0%, to $30.5 million for the first half of 2021 compared to $31.1 million in the same period of 2020.  The table on page 48 sets forth major components of our noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. Salaries and employee benefits expense. Salaries and employee benefits expense increased $376,000, or 2.1%, to $18.0 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $17.6 million in the same period of 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to salary increases and increased staffing, largely offset by a decrease in severance pay from the second quarter of 2020.  The number of full-time equivalent employees was 369 at June 30, 2021, 366 at December 31, 2020 and 350 at June 30, 2020.   Occupancy and equipment expense. Occupancy and equipment expense decreased $554,000, or 11.2%, to $4.4 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $4.9 million in the first half of 2020. The decrease in occupancy expense is mainly due to the closing of the Grand Street branch in Manhattan, NY and the Chinatown Square branch is Chicago in 2020.    Data processing expense. Data processing expense increased $647,000, or 32.0%, to $2.7 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $2.0 million for the first half of 2020 mainly due to ongoing IT projects to improve efficiency and deliver additional products to our customers.   Legal and professional expenses. Legal and professional expense increased $67,000, or 5.3%, to $1.3 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $1.3 million for the first half of 2020.   Office expenses. Office expenses are comprised of communications, postage, armored car, and office supplies and totaled $527,000 in first half of 2021 compared to $660,000 for the first half of 2020. The $133,000, or 20.2%, decrease primarily resulted from decreased office activity.   Marketing and business promotion expenses. Marketing and business promotion expense increased $90,000, or 27.7%, to $415,000 in the first half of 2021 compared to $325,000 for the first half of 2020. The increase was primarily due to an increase in business development activities following the COVID-19 pandemic.   Insurance and regulatory expenses. Insurance and regulatory assessments increased $291,000, or 70.8%, to $702,000, compared to $411,000 in the first half of 2020.  This increase was due to higher FDIC assessments and insurance costs in the prior year.  In 2020, the Company received a small bank credit from the FDIC.   Amortization expenses. Amortization of CDI was $588,000 in the first half of 2021, compared to $714,000 in the first half of 2020.    Merger expenses. Merger expense were $59,000 in the first half of 2021 compared to $679,000 in the first half of 2020, following the completion of the PGBH acquisition in January 2020.    Other expense. Other expense totaled $1.8 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $2.4 million for the same period of 2020. The decrease is attributable to a decrease in the provision for off-balance sheet commitments of $372,000 and an impairment writedown of $366,000 on servicing assets recorded in the second quarter of 2020.   Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $11.2 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $6.2 million in the same period of 2020. This increase was due to $17.6 million increase in pre-tax income.  Effective tax rates were 30.2% and 31.7% in the first half of 2021 and 2020, respectively.    Net Income.  Net income increased $12.6 million to $25.8 million in the first half of 2021, compared to $13.3 million in the same period of 2020. The increase is primarily due to the increase in net interest income, decrease in the provision for credit losses, increase in non-interest income and a decrease in non-interest expense, partially offset by increased income tax expense.   49 Table of Contents   ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION   Assets   Total assets were $3.9 billion as of June 30, 2021 and $3.4 billion as of December 31, 2020. Cash and cash equivalents increased by $409.0 million, investment securities increased by $128.2 million, net HFI loans increased by $2.4 million and right-of-use assets for operating leases increased $25.0 million, which were partially offset by a decrease of $40.7 million in HFS loans.   Investment Securities   Our investment strategy aims to maximize earnings while maintaining liquidity in securities with minimal credit risk. The types and maturities of securities purchased are primarily based on our current and projected liquidity and interest rate sensitivity positions.   The following table sets forth the book value and percentage of each category of securities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The book value for debt securities classified as available for sale is reflected at fair market value and the book value for securities classified as held to maturity is reflected at amortized cost.       June 30, 2021     December 31, 2020   (dollars in thousands)   Amount     % of Total     Amount     % of Total   Securities, available for sale, at fair value                                 Government agency securities   $ 1,109       0.3 %   $ 1,294       0.6 % SBA agency securities     3,988       1.2 %     4,394       2.0 % Mortgage-backed securities - Government sponsored agencies     62,039       17.9 %     17,677       8.1 % Collateralized mortgage obligations     114,232       33.0 %     48,874       22.4 % Commercial paper     102,452       29.6 %     102,448       47.0 % Corporate debt securities (1)     43,152       12.5 %     34,563       15.9 % Municipal securities     12,596       3.6 %     1,617       0.7 % Total securities, available for sale, at fair value   $ 339,568       98.1 %   $ 210,867       96.7 % Securities, held to maturity, at amortized cost                                 Taxable municipal securities   $ 1,907       0.6 %   $ 2,407       1.1 % Tax-exempt municipal securities     4,757       1.3 %     4,767       2.2 % Total securities, held to maturity, at amortized cost     6,664       1.9 %     7,174       3.3 % Total securities   $ 346,232       100.0 %   $ 218,041       100.0 %     (1) Comprised of corporate note securities, commercial paper and financial institution subordinated debentures.   50 Table of Contents   The tables below set forth investment debt securities AFS and HTM for the periods presented.   (dollars in thousands)   Amortized     Unrealized     Unrealized     Fair   June 30, 2021   Cost     Gains     Losses     Value   Available for sale                                 Government agency securities   $ 1,087     $ 22     $ —     $ 1,109   SBA agency securities     3,773       215       —       3,988   Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies     62,037       198       (196 )     62,039   Collateralized mortgage obligations     114,603       259       (630 )     114,232   Commercial paper     102,476       1       (25 )     102,452   Corporate debt securities     42,638       639       (125 )     43,152   Municipal securities     12,718       2       (124 )     12,596       $ 339,332     $ 1,336     $ (1,100 )   $ 339,568   Held to maturity                                 Municipal taxable securities   $ 1,907     $ 103     $ —     $ 2,010   Municipal securities     4,757       275       —       5,032       $ 6,664     $ 378     $ —     $ 7,042   December 31, 2020                                 Available for sale                                 Government agency securities   $ 1,257     $ 37     $ —     $ 1,294   SBA securities     4,125       269       —       4,394   Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies     17,415       270       (8 )     17,677   Collateralized mortgage obligations     48,476       491       (93 )     48,874   Commercial paper     102,462       —       (14 )     102,448   Corporate debt securities     33,907       662       (6 )     34,563   Municipal securities     1,621       2       (6 )     1,617       $ 209,263     $ 1,731     $ (127 )   $ 210,867   Held to maturity                                 Municipal taxable securities   $ 2,407     $ 139     $ —     $ 2,546   Municipal securities     4,767       290       —       5,057       $ 7,174     $ 429     $ —     $ 7,603     The weighted-average book yield on the total investment portfolio at June 30, 2021 was 1.08% with a weighted-average life of 4.14 years. This compares to a weighted-average book yield of 1.14% with a weighted-average life of 3.3 years at December 31, 2020. The weighted-average life is the average number of years that each dollar of unpaid principal due remains outstanding. Average life is computed as the weighted-average time to the receipt of all future cash flows, using as the weights the dollar amounts of the principal pay-downs.   51 Table of Contents   The table below shows the Company’s investment securities’ gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The unrealized losses on these securities were primarily attributed to changes in interest rates. The issuers of these securities have not, to our knowledge, evidenced any cause for default on these securities. These securities have fluctuated in value since their purchase dates as market rates have fluctuated. However, we have the ability and the intention to hold these securities until their fair values recover to cost or maturity. As such, management does not deem these securities to be other-than-temporarily-impaired A summary of our analysis of these securities and the unrealized losses is described more fully in Note 4 — Investment Securities in the Notes to the 2020 consolidated financial statements included in our 2020 Annual Report. Economic trends may adversely affect the value of the portfolio of investment securities that we hold.       Less than Twelve Months     Twelve Months or More     Total   (dollars in thousands)   Unrealized     Estimated     No. of     Unrealized     Estimated     No. of     Unrealized     Estimated     No. of   June 30, 2021   Losses     Fair Value     Issuances     Losses     Fair Value     Issuances     Losses     Fair Value     Issuances   Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies   $ (196 )   $ 47,525       12     $ —     $ —       —     $ (196 )   $ 47,525       12   Collateralized mortgage obligations     (630 )     88,183       19       —       —       —       (630 )     88,183       19   Commercial paper     (25 )     59,955       8                               (25 )     59,955       8   Corporate debt securities     (125 )     7,865       5       —       —       —       (125 )     7,865       5   Municipal securities     (124 )     8,602       9       —       —       —       (124 )     8,602       9   Total available for sale   $ (1,100 )   $ 212,130       53     $ —     $ —       —     $ (1,100 )   $ 212,130       53                                                                             December 31, 2020                                                                         Mortgage-backed securities- Government sponsored agencies   $ (8 )   $ 12,982       3     $ —     $ —       —     $ (8 )   $ 12,982       3   Collateralized mortgage obligations     (93 )     28,521       6       —       —       —       (93 )     28,521       6   Commercial paper     (14 )     16,982       4       —       —       —       (14 )     16,982       4   Corporate debt securities     (6 )     994       2       —       —       —       (6 )     994       2   Municipal securities     (6 )     1,092       2       —       —       —       (6 )     1,092       2   Total available for sale   $ (127 )   $ 60,571       17     $ —     $ —       —     $ (127 )   $ 60,571       17                                                                               The Company did not record any charges for other-than-temporary impairment losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.   52 Table of Contents   Loans   At June 30, 2021, total loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses, totaled $2.7 billion. The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major category in our loan portfolio at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:       As of June 30, 2021     As of December 31, 2020   (dollars in thousands)   $     Mix %     $     Mix %   Loans: (1)                                 Commercial and industrial   $ 277,080       10.2 %   $ 290,139       10.7 % SBA     98,572       3.6 %     97,821       3.6 % Construction and land development     236,965       8.7 %     186,723       6.9 % Commercial real estate (2)     1,102,467       40.7 %     1,003,637       37.1 % Single-family residential mortgages     984,311       36.3 %     1,124,357       41.5 % Other loans     9,811       0.5 %     4,089       0.2 % Total loans     2,709,206       100.0 %     2,706,766       100 % Allowance for loan losses     (31,352 )             (29,337 )         Total loans, net   $ 2,677,854             $ 2,677,429               (1) Net of discounts and deferred fees and costs.   (2) Includes non-farm & non-residential real estate loans, multifamily residential and single-family residential loans for a business purpose.   Total HFI loans increased $2.4 million, or 0.1%, to $2.7 billion at June 30, 2021 compared to $2.7 billion at December 31, 2020. The total loan portfolio increased primarily in SBA, commercial real estate, and construction and land development loans, partially offset by decreases in commercial and industrial, single-family residential mortgages and other loans.   Commercial and industrial loans. We provide a mix of variable and fixed rate commercial and industrial loans. The loans are typically made to small- and medium-sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail and service businesses for working capital needs, business expansions and for international trade financing. Commercial and industrial loans include lines of credit with a maturity of one year or less, commercial and industrial term loans with maturities of five years or less, shared national credits with maturities of five years or less, mortgage warehouse lines with a maturity of one year or less, purchased receivables with a maturity of two months or less and international trade discounts with a maturity of three months or less. Substantially all of our commercial and industrial loans are collateralized by business assets or by real estate.   Commercial and industrial loans decreased $13.1 million, or 4.5%, to $277.1 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to $290.1 million at December 31, 2020 due to normal loan activity.   Commercial real estate loans. Commercial real estate loans include owner-occupied and non-occupied commercial real estate, multi-family residential and SFR mortgage loans originated for a business purpose. The interest rate for the majority of these loans are prime-based and have a maturity of five years or less. Our policy maximum loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio is 75% for commercial real estate loans; however, we temporally lowered the applicable LTV to 70% to be conservative in regards to real estate valuations. The total commercial real estate portfolio increased $98.8 million, or 9.8%, to $1.1 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $1.0 billion at December 31, 2020. The multi-family residential loan portfolio was $406.4 million as of June 30, 2021 and $336.8 million as of December 31, 2020. The SFR mortgage loan portfolio originated for a business purpose totaled $47.7 million as of June 30, 2021 and $24.0 million as of December 31, 2020.   Construction and land development loans . Construction and land development loans increased $50.2 million, or 26.9%, to $237.0 million at June 30, 2021 as compared to $186.7 million at December 31, 2020, as originations exceeded loan repayments. The following table shows the categories of our construction and land development portfolio as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:       As of June 30, 2021     As of December 31, 2020     Increase (Decrease)   (dollars in thousands)   $     Mix %     $     Mix %     $     %   Residential construction   $ 150,614       63.6 %   $ 124,255       66.5 %   $ 26,359       21.2 % Commercial construction     68,299       28.8 %     45,540       24.4 %     22,759       50.0 % Land development     18,052       7.6 %     16,928       9.1 %     1,124       6.6 % Total construction and land development loans   $ 236,965       100.0 %   $ 186,723       100.0 %   $ 50,242       26.9 %   SBA guaranteed loans. We are designated a Preferred Lender under the SBA Preferred Lender Program. We offer mostly SBA 7(a) variable-rate loans. We generally sell the 75% guaranteed portion of the SBA loans that we originate. Our SBA loans are typically made to small-sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail, hotel/motel and service businesses for working capital needs or business expansions. SBA loans can have any maturity up to 25 years. Typically, non-real estate secured loans mature in less than 10 years. Collateral may also include inventory, accounts receivable and equipment, and includes personal guarantees. Our unguaranteed SBA loans collateralized by real estate are monitored by collateral type and are included in our CRE Concentration Guidance.   SBA loans increased $751,000, or 0.8%, to $98.6 million at June 30, 2021 compared to $97.8 million at December 31, 2020. We originated SBA loans of $40.2 million during the first half of 2021 including loans of $22.5 million funded through the SBA's PPP loan program.  Partially offsetting the loan origination were loan sales of $9.4 million and loan payoffs and paydowns of $30.0 million during the first half of 2021.   SFR Loans . We originate both qualified and non-qualified, alternative documentation SFR mortgage loans through correspondent relationships or through our branch network or retail channel to accommodate the needs of the Asian-American market. As of June 30, 2021, we had $984.3 million of SFR real estate loans, representing 36.3% of our HFI loan portfolio, excluding available for sale SFR loans.   Our non-qualified SFR loan product is a seven-year hybrid adjustable mortgage which re-prices at seven years to the one-year Constant Maturity Treasury rate plus 2.50%. The start rate for the seven-year hybrid in the Eastern region is 4.00% plus 1% in points. In the Western region we offer a seven-year hybrid and the start rate is 4.00%.   53 Table of Contents   As of June 30, 2021, the weighted-average loan-to-value of the portfolio was 56.2%, the weighted average FICO score was 756 and the average duration of the portfolio was 2.83 years.  We also offer qualified SFR mortgage loans as a correspondent to a national financial institution.   We originate non-qualified SFR mortgage loans both to sell and hold for investment. The loans held for investment are generally originated through our retail branch network to our customers, many of whom establish a deposit relationship with us. We sell many of these non-qualified SFR mortgage loans to other Asian-American banks, FNMA and other investors.   Except for SFR loans sold to FNMA or in connection with a securitization, the loans are sold with no representation or warranties and with a replacement feature for the first 90-days if the loan pays off early. As a condition of the sale, the buyer must have the loans audited for underwriting and compliance standards.  We originate qualified mortgages and sell them directly to FNMA. These loans are underwritten under FNMA guidelines and sold with the normal FNMA conditions. In addition, we may sell some of our non-qualified SFR mortgage loans to FNMA in a bulk sale with limited recourse to us.   SFR mortgage real estate loans (which include $4.6 million of home equity loans) decreased $140.0 million, or 12.5%, to $984.3 million as of June 30, 2021 as compared to $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2020. In addition, loans held for sale decreased $40.7 million, or 81.5%, to $9.2 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to $50.0 million December 31, 2020. The decrease in loans held for sale and held to maturity is primarily due to decreased origination volume during the first half of 2021.   54 Table of Contents   Loan Quality   We use what we believe is a comprehensive methodology to monitor credit quality and prudently manage credit concentration within our loan portfolio. Our underwriting policies and practices govern the risk profile and credit and geographic concentration for our loan portfolio. We also have what we believe to be a comprehensive methodology to monitor these credit quality standards, including a risk classification system that identifies potential problem loans based on risk characteristics by loan type as well as the early identification of deterioration at the individual loan level. In addition to our allowance for loan losses, our purchase discounts on acquired loans provide additional protections against loan losses.   Discounts on Purchased Loans. In connection with our acquisitions, we hire a third-party to determine the fair value of loans acquired. In many instances, fair values were determined by estimating the cash flows expected to result from those loans and discounting them at appropriate market rates. The excess of expected cash flows above the fair value of the majority of loans will be accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans in accordance with FASB ASC 310-20, Receivables — Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs .   Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table allocates the allowance for loan losses, or the allowance, by category:       As of June 30, 2021     As of December 31, 2020   (dollars in thousands)   $     % (1)     $     % (1)   Loans:                                 Commercial and industrial   $ 3,749       1.35 %   $ 3,690       1.27 % SBA     1,038       1.05 %     927       0.95 % Construction and land development     3,248       1.37 %     2,473       1.32 % Commercial real estate (2)     15,483       1.40 %     13,718       1.37 % Single family residential mortgages     7,703       0.78 %     8,486       0.75 % Other     102       1.04 %     43       1.05 % Unallocated     29       0.00 %     —       —   Allowance for loan losses   $ 31,352       1.16 %   $ 29,337       1.08 %     (1) % of allowance to total loans in the respective category   (2) Includes non-farm and non-residential real estate loans, multi-family residential and single-family residential loans originated for a business purpose.   The allowance and the balance of accretable credit discounts represent our estimate of probable and reasonably estimable loan losses inherent in loans held for investment as of the respective balance sheet date. The accretable credit discount was $3.9 million at June 30, 2021 and $4.8 million at December 31, 2020.   Allowance for loan losses. Our methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses includes a general allowance for performing loans, which are grouped based on similar characteristics, and a specific allowance for individual impaired loans or loans considered by management to be in a high-risk category. General allowances are established based on a number of factors, including historical loss rates, an assessment of portfolio trends and conditions, accrual status and economic conditions.   55 Table of Contents   For commercial and industrial, SBA, commercial real estate, construction and land development and SFR mortgage loans held for investment, a specific allowance may be assigned to individual loans based on an impairment analysis. Loans are considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The amount of impairment is based on an analysis of the most probable source of repayment, including the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows, the estimated market value or the fair value of the underlying collateral. Interest income on impaired loans is accrued as earned, unless the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.   Credit-discount on loans purchased through bank acquisitions. Purchased loans are recorded at market value in two categories, credit discount, and liquidity discount and premiums. The remaining credit discount at the end of a period is compared to the analysis for loan losses for each acquisition. If the credit discount is greater than the expected loss no additional provision is needed. The following table shows our credit discounts by loan portfolio for purchased loans only as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. We have recorded additional reserves of $1.8 million due to the credit discounts on acquired loans being less than the analysis for loan losses on those acquisitions as of June 30, 2021.       As of June 30,     As of December 31,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020   Commercial and industrial   $ 45     $ 53   SBA     34       36   Construction and land development     3       6   Commercial real estate     776       1,029   Single-family residential mortgages     3,040       3,653   Total credit discount on purchased loans   $ 3,898     $ 4,777   Total remaining balance of purchased loans through acquisition   $ 484,187     $ 583,605   Credit-discount to remaining balance of purchased loans     0.81 %     0.82 %   Individual loans considered to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance. Factors used in determining the amount and timing of charge-offs on loans include consideration of the loan type, length of delinquency, sufficiency of collateral value, lien priority and the overall financial condition of the borrower. Collateral value is determined using updated appraisals and/or other market comparable information. Charge-offs are generally taken on loans once the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary. Recoveries on loans previously charged off are added to the allowance. Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans were 0.01% and 0.05% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 0.01% and 0.05 % for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020,  respectively.   The allowance for loan losses was $31.4 million at June 30, 2021 compared to $29.3 million at December 31, 2020. The $2.0 million increase was due to a $2.1 million credit loss provision driven by loan growth, partially offset by a $311,000 decrease in non-performing loans.   We analyze the loan portfolio, including delinquencies, concentrations, and risk characteristics, at least quarterly in order to assess the overall level of the allowance and nonaccretable discounts. We also rely on internal and external loan review procedures to further assess individual loans and loan pools, and economic data for overall industry and geographic trends.   In determining the allowance and the related provision for credit losses, we consider three principal elements: (i) valuation allowances based upon probable losses identified during the review of impaired commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction and land development loans, (ii) allocations, by loan classes, on loan portfolios based on historical loan loss experience and qualitative factors and (iii) review of the credit discounts in relationship to the valuation allowance calculated for purchased loans. Provisions for credit losses are charged to operations to record changes to the total allowance to a level deemed appropriate by us.   56 Table of Contents   The following table provides an analysis of the allowance for loan losses, provision for loan losses and net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:         For the Three Months Ended June 30,     For the Six Months Ended June 30,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     2021     2020   Balance, beginning of period   $ 30,795     $ 20,130     $ 29,337     $ 18,816   Charge-offs:                                 Commercial and industrial     (90 )     (200 )     (90 )     (200 ) SBA     —       (119 )     —       (750 ) Commercial real estate     (67 )     —       (67 )     —   Other     —       —       (42 )     —   Total charge-offs     (157 )     (319 )     (199 )     (950 ) Recoveries:                                 Other     86       —       86       —   Total recoveries     86       —       86       —   Net (charge-offs)/recoveries     (71 )     (319 )     (113 )     (950 ) Provision for loan losses     628       3,009       2,128       4,954   Balance, end of period   $ 31,352     $ 22,820     $ 31,352     $ 22,820   Total HFI loans at end of period     2,709,206     $ 2,594,620       2,709,206     $ 2,594,620   Average HFI loans     2,680,194       2,511,835       2,686,002       2,428,336   Net charge-offs to average HFI loans     -0.01 %     -0.05 %     -0.01 %     0.05 % Allowance for loan losses to total loans     1.16 %     0.88 %     1.16 %     0.88 % Credit discount on loans purchased through acquisitions   $ 3,898     $ 5,815     $ 3,898     $ 5,815     Problem Loans. Loans are considered delinquent when principal or interest payments are past due 30 days or more; delinquent loans may remain on accrual status between 30 days and 89 days past due. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Typically, the accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to collectability in the normal course of business. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Income on nonaccrual loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectible. Loans are restored to accrual status when loans become well-secured and management believes full collectability of principal and interest is probable.   A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status and performing restructured loans. Income from loans on nonaccrual status is recognized to the extent cash is received and when the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectible. Depending on a particular loan’s circumstances, we measure impairment of a loan based upon either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell if the loan is collateral dependent. A loan is considered collateral dependent when repayment of the loan is based solely on the liquidation of the collateral. Fair value, where possible, is determined by independent appraisals, typically on an annual basis. Between appraisal periods, the fair value may be adjusted based on specific events, such as if deterioration of quality of the collateral comes to our attention as part of our problem loan monitoring process, or if discussions with the borrower lead us to believe the last appraised value no longer reflects the actual market for the collateral. The impairment amount on a collateral-dependent loan is charged-off to the allowance if deemed not collectible and the impairment amount on a loan that is not collateral-dependent is set up as a specific reserve.   In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties and we make certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms, the loan is classified as a TDR. These concessions may include a reduction of the interest rate, principal or accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Loans restructured at a rate equal to or greater than that of a new loan with comparable risk at the time the loan is modified may be excluded from restructured loan disclosures in years subsequent to the restructuring if the loans are in compliance with their modified terms. A restructured loan is considered impaired despite its accrual status and a specific reserve is calculated based on the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell if the loan is collateral dependent.   57 Table of Contents   Pursuant to recent regulatory guidance, we have elected under the CARES Act to not apply GAAP requirements to loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR, and have suspended the determination of loan modifications related to the pandemic from being treated as TDRs. Modifications include the following: (1) forbearance agreements, (2) interest-rate modifications, (3) repayment plans, and (4) any other similar arrangements that defer or delay payments of principal or interest. The relief from TDR guidance applies to modifications of loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and that occur beginning on March 1, 2020, until the earlier of the following dates: (1) 60 days after the date on which the national emergency related to the COVlD-19 pandemic outbreak is terminated, or (2) January 1, 2022.  The suspension of TDR accounting and reporting guidance may not be applied to any loan of a borrower that is not related to the COVID-19 pandemic.   Real estate we acquire as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as OREO until sold, and is carried at estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.   The following table sets forth the allocation of our nonperforming assets among our different asset categories as of the dates indicated. Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest (of which there were none during the periods presented), and loans modified under TDRs. Nonperforming loans exclude PCI loans. The balances of nonperforming loans reflect the net investment in these assets.       As of June 30,     As of December 31,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020   Accruing troubled debt restructured loans:                 Commercial and industrial   $ 461     $ 502   SBA     25       34   Commercial real estate     1,371       1,434   Total accruing troubled debt restructured loans     1,857       1,970   Non-accrual loans:                 Commercial and industrial     417       1,661   SBA     6,308       6,828   Construction and land development     165       173   Commercial real estate     529       1,193   Single-family residential mortgages     9,967       7,714   Other     —       15   Total non-accrual loans     17,386       17,584   Total non-performing loans     19,243       19,554   OREO     293       293   Nonperforming assets   $ 19,536     $ 19,847   Nonperforming loans to total loans     0.71 %     0.72 % Nonperforming assets to total assets     0.50 %     0.59 %   The $311,000 decrease in nonperforming loans at June 30, 2021 was primarily due to the charge-off of two non-accrual loans of $156,000, payoffs of $1.4 million, paydowns of $1.5 million and three SFR loans removed from non-accrual status in the amount of $1.8 million, partially offset by the addition of six SFR loans in the amount of $4.5 million and one  commercial and industrial loan for $6,000 to non-accrual status loans during the first half of 2021.   Our 30-89 day delinquent loans, excluding nonaccrual loans, decreased to $5.4 million as of June 30, 2021 from $8.9 million as of December 31, 2020, excluding impaired loans. The decrease in past due loans (which consist primarily of SFR mortgages) was due to the decreasing economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.   58 Table of Contents   We did not recognize any interest income on nonaccrual loans during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, while the loans were in nonaccrual status. We recognized interest income on loans modified under TDRs of $40,000 and $48,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and $83,000 and $110,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.   We utilize an asset risk classification system in compliance with guidelines established by the FDIC as part of our efforts to improve asset quality. In connection with examinations of insured institutions, examiners have the authority to identify problem assets and, if appropriate, classify them. There are three classifications for problem assets: “substandard,” “doubtful,” and “loss.” Substandard assets have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of substandard assets with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full questionable and there is a high probability of loss based on currently existing facts, conditions and values. An asset classified as loss is not considered collectable and is of such little value that continuance as an asset is not warranted.   We use a risk grading system to categorize and determine the credit risk of our loans. Potential problem loans include loans with a risk grade of 6, which are “special mention,” loans with a risk grade of 7, which are “substandard” loans that are generally not considered to be impaired and loans with a risk grade of 8, which are “doubtful” loans generally considered to be impaired. These loans generally require more frequent loan officer contact and receipt of financial data to closely monitor borrower performance. Potential problem loans are managed and monitored regularly through a number of processes, procedures and committees, including oversight by a loan administration committee comprised of executive officers and other members of the Bank’s senior management.   COVID-19 Impact on Loan Quality   We increased SBA lending during the first half of 2021 as many of the Bank’s customers sought to participate in the SBA’s PPP Program. As of June 30, 2021, the Company has processed approximately 191 PPP loans with the SBA in the total amount of approximately $29.2 million, or 1.07%, of the Company’s total HFI loan portfolio. In addition to actively participating in the PPP loan program, we are making available to our SBA customers the SBA six-month payment guarantee program.   As of June 30, 2021, borrowers representing approximately 4 loans, all SFR mortgage loans, totaling $3.1 million, or 0.11% of the Company’s total HFI loan portfolio, are on a payment deferral for three months.    Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased $409.0 million, or 210.1%, to $603.7 million as of June 30, 2021 as compared to $194.7 million at December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to $132.3 million in cash from operating activities, $491.4 million in cash from financing activities, partially offset by $214.7 million used in investing activities.   The Federal Reserve announced the reduction of the reserve requirement ratio to zero percent across all deposit tiers, effective March 26, 2020. Depository institutions that were required to maintain deposits in a Federal Reserve Bank account to satisfy reserve requirements will no longer be required to do so and can use the additional liquidity to lend to individuals and businesses. It is our understanding that the Federal Reserve currently has no current plans to reinstate the reserve requirement. However, the Federal Reserve may adjust reserve requirement ratios in the future if conditions warrant.   Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill was $69.2 million both at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets, which consist of CDI, were $4.6 million and $5.2 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The CDI assets are amortized primarily on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives, generally over a period of eight to ten years.   Liabilities. Total liabilities increased by $526.7 million to $3.4 billion at June 30, 2021 from $2.9 billion at December 31, 2020, primarily due to $434.8 million in deposit growth and long-term debt issuance (net of redemptions) of $68.3 million in March 2021.   59 Table of Contents   Deposits. As a Chinese-American business bank that focuses on successful businesses and their owners, many of our depositors choose to make large deposits with us. The Bank measures core deposits by reviewing all relationships over $250,000 on a quarterly basis. We track all deposit relationships over $250,000 on a quarterly basis and consider a relationship to be core if there are any three or more of the following: (i) relationships with us (as a director or shareholder); (ii) deposits within our market area; (iii) additional non-deposit services with us; (iv) electronic banking services with us; (v) active demand deposit account with us; (vi) deposits at market interest rates; and (vii) longevity of the relationship with us. We consider all deposit relationships under $250,000 as a core relationship except for time deposits originated through an internet service. This differs from the traditional definition of core deposits which is demand and savings deposits plus time deposits less than $250,000. As many of our customers have more than $250,000 on deposit with us, we believe that using this method reflects a more accurate assessment of our deposit base. As of June 30, 2021, the Bank considers $2.6 billion or 84.6% of our deposits as core relationships. As of June 30, 2021, our top ten deposit relationships totaled $545.3 million, of which three are related to directors and shareholders of the Company for a total of $111.4 million, or approximately 20% of our top ten deposit relationships. As of June 30, 2021, our directors and shareholders with deposits over $250,000 totaled $87.5 million, or 4.4%, of all relationships over $250,000.   The following table summarizes our average deposit balances and weighted average rates for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2020:       For the Three Months Ended June 30,     For the Year Ended       June 30, 2021     December 31, 2020               Weighted             Weighted       Average     Average     Average     Average   (dollars in thousands)   Balance     Rate (%)     Balance     Rate (%)   Noninterest-bearing demand   $ 913,442       —     $ 564,111       —   Interest-bearing:                                 NOW     66,777       0.27 %     55,794       0.36 % Money market     640,026       0.39 %     449,111       0.71 % Savings     140,418       0.10 %     123,568       0.12 % Time, less than $250,000     657,494       0.71 %     715,181       1.60 % Time, $250,000 and over     604,429       0.83 %     597,262       1.71 % Total interest-bearing     2,109,144       0.59 %     1,940,916       1.30 % Total deposits   $ 3,022,586       0.41 %   $ 2,505,027       1.01 %   The following table sets forth the maturity of time deposits of $250,000 or more and wholesale deposits as of June 30, 2021:       Maturity Within:   (dollars in thousands)   Three Months     After Three to Six Months     Six to 12 Months     After 12 Months     Total   Time, $250,000 and over   $ 230,539     $ 134,257     $ 250,604     $ 10,744     $ 626,144   Wholesale deposits (1)     14,740       15,090       52,963       10,473       93,266   Time, brokered     14,990       —       2,398       —       17,388   Total   $ 260,269     $ 149,347     $ 305,965     $ 21,217     $ 736,798       (1) Wholesale deposits are defined as time deposits originated through via internet rate line and/or through other deposit originators.   We acquire wholesale time deposits from the internet and outside deposits originators as needed to supplement liquidity. These time deposits are primarily under $250,000 and we do not consider them core deposits. The total amount of such deposits was $93.3 million as of June 30, 2021 and $93.7 million as of December 31, 2020. The Bank had $17.4 million in brokered deposits at both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The brokered deposits were acquired to support our loan growth.   Total deposits increased $434.8 million to $3.1 billion at June 30, 2021 as compared to $2.6 billion at December 31, 2020. As of June 30, 2021, total deposits were comprised of 30.6% noninterest-bearing demand accounts, 28.0% of interest-bearing non-maturity accounts and 41.4% of time deposits.   As of June 30, 2021, $143,000 in deposit overdrafts were reclassified as other loans. As of December 31, 2020, the amount was $131,000.   60 Table of Contents   FHLB Borrowings. In addition to deposits, we have used long- and short-term borrowings, such as federal funds purchased and FHLB long-and short-term advances, as a source of funds to meet the daily liquidity needs of our customers and fund growth in earning assets. We had no FHLB short-term advances at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. We had $150.0 million in FHLB long-term advances at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The term is five years, maturing by March 2025. The average fixed interest rate is 1.18%. The Company secured this funding in case it experienced a liquidity issue caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and to obtain an attractive interest rate. The following table sets forth information on our total FHLB advances during the periods presented:       As of and for the Three Months Ended     As of and for the Six Months Ended       June 30,     June 30,   (dollars in thousands)   2021     2020     2021     2020   Outstanding at period-end   $ 150,000     $ 150,000     $ 150,000     $ 150,000   Average amount outstanding     150,000       150,000       150,000       100,989   Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end     150,000       150,000       150,000       364,500   Weighted average interest rate:                                 During period     1.18 %     1.18 %     1.18 %     1.17 % End of period     1.18 %     1.18 %     1.18 %     1.18 %   Long-term Debt.   In March 2016, the Company issued $50 million of 6.5% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures, due March 31, 2026. The interest rate is fixed through March 31, 2021 and floats at three month LIBOR plus 516 basis points thereafter. The Company redeemed these subordinated debentures on March 31, 2021.  The redemption price for the subordinated debentures was equal to 100% of principal amount of the notes redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date of March 31, 2021.     In November 2018, the Company issued $55.0 million, 6.18% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due December 1, 2028. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including providing capital to the Bank and maintaining adequate liquidity at the Company. The subordinated notes bear interest at the initial rate of 6.18% per annum from December 1, 2018 until but excluding December 1, 2023, payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year. Thereafter, the Company will pay interest on the principal amount of this note at a variable rate equal to three month LIBOR plus 315 basis points each March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1.   In March 2021, the Company issued $120 million of 4.00% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures, due April 1, 2031. The interest rate is fixed through July 1, 2026 and floats at 3 month SOFR plus 329 basis points thereafter. The Company can redeem these subordinated debentures beginning April 1, 2026. The subordinated debentures are considered Tier 2 capital at the Company.   Subordinated Debentures. Subordinated debentures consist of subordinated notes. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the amount outstanding was $14.4 million and $14.3 million, respectively. Under the terms of our subordinated notes and the related subordinated notes purchase agreements, we are not permitted to declare or pay any dividends on our capital stock if an event of default occurs under the terms of the long term debt. These subordinated notes consist of the following:   ●  The Company maintains the Trust, which has issued a total of $5.2 million securities ($5.0 million in capital securities and $155,000 in common securities). These trust preferred securities were originally issued by the Trust, which was a subsidiary of TFC, which was acquired by the Company in February 2016. The Company determined the fair value as of the valuation date of the Trust issuance was $3.3 million, indicating a discount of $1.9 million. The underlying debentures bear interest equal to three month LIBOR plus 1.65%, payable each March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15. The maturity date is March 15, 2037. The subordinated debentures have a variable rate of interest equal to the three month LIBOR plus 1.65%, which was 1.77% as of June 30, 2021 and 1.87% at December 31, 2020.   ●  The Company maintains the FAIC Trust, which has issued a total of $7.2 million securities ($7.0 million in capital securities and $217,000 in common securities). These trust preferred securities were originally issued by FAIC Trust, which was a subsidiary of FAIC, which the Company acquired in October 2018. The Company determined the fair value as of the valuation date of the FAIC Trust issuance was $6.0 million, with a discount of $1.2 million. The underlying debentures bear interest equal to three month LIBOR plus 2.25%, payable each March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15. The maturity is December 15, 2034. The rate at June 30, 2021 was 2.37% and 2.47% at December 31, 2020.   ●  In January 2020, the Company, through the acquisition of PGBH, acquired PGBH Trust, a Delaware statutory trust formed in December 2004. PGBH Trust issued 5,000 units of fixed-to-floating rate capital securities with an aggregate liquidation amount of $5.0 million and 155 common securities with an aggregate liquidation amount of $155,000. There was a $763,000 discount recorded to arrive at market value which is treated as a yield adjustment and is amortized over the life of the security. The Company has the option to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. The subordinated debentures have a variable rate of interest equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 2.10% through final maturity on December 15, 2034. The rate at June 30, 2021 was 2.22% and 2.32% at December 31, 2020.   The British banking regulators have announced plans to eliminate the LIBOR rate before these subordinated notes and debentures mature. For these subordinated debentures, there are provisions for amendments to establish a new interest rate benchmark.     61 Table of Contents   Capital Resources and Liquidity Management   Capital Resources. Shareholders’ equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends, sales and redemptions of common stock and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income caused primarily by fluctuations in unrealized holding gains or losses, net of taxes, on available for sale investment securities.   Shareholders’ equity increased $13.8 million, or 3.2%, to $442.3 million during the six-month period ending June 30, 2021 due to $25.8 million of net income, $806,000 from the exercise of stock options and $602,000 from stock-based compensation, which was partially offset by $4.9 million of common stock dividends paid, $7.6 million from the repurchase of common stock and a $962,000 decrease in net accumulated other comprehensive income. The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income primarily resulted from decreases in unrealized gains on AFS securities.   Liquidity Management. Liquidity refers to the measure of our ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, while at the same time meeting our operating, capital and strategic cash flow needs, all at a reasonable cost. We continuously monitor our liquidity position to ensure that assets and liabilities are managed in a manner that will meet all short-term and long-term cash requirements. We manage our liquidity position to meet the daily cash flow needs of customers, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of our shareholders.   Our liquidity position is supported by management of liquid assets and liabilities and access to alternative sources of funds. Liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits in banks, federal funds sold, available for sale securities, term federal funds, purchased receivables and maturing or prepaying balances in our securities and loan portfolios. Liquid liabilities include core deposits, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and other borrowings. Other sources of liquidity include the sale of loans, the ability to acquire additional national market non-core deposits, the issuance of additional collateralized borrowings such as FHLB advances, the issuance of debt securities, additional borrowings through the Federal Reserve’s discount window and the issuance of preferred or common securities. Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are primarily to fund on-going operations, including payment of interest on deposits and debt, extensions of credit to borrowers, capital expenditures and shareholder dividends. These liquidity requirements are met primarily through cash flow from operations, redeployment of prepaying and maturing balances in our loan and investment portfolios, debt financing and increases in customer deposits. For additional information regarding our operating, investing and financing cash flows, see the consolidated statements of cash flows provided in our consolidated financial statements.   Integral to our liquidity management is the administration of short-term borrowings. To the extent we are unable to obtain sufficient liquidity through core deposits, we seek to meet our liquidity needs through wholesale funding or other borrowings on either a short- or long-term basis.   As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $92.0 million and $92.0 million, respectively, of unsecured federal funds lines with no amounts advanced against the lines as of such dates. In addition, lines of credit from the Federal Reserve Discount Window were $19.9 million at June 30, 2021 and $9.8 million at December 31, 2020, respectively. Federal Reserve Discount Window lines were collateralized by a pool of loans totaling $28.1 million and $20.1 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. We did not have any borrowings outstanding with the Federal Reserve at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and our borrowing capacity is limited only by eligible collateral.   At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $150.0 million in FHLB long-term advances outstanding. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no FHLB short-term (overnight) advances outstanding. Based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, we had $929.8 million of borrowing capacity with the FHLB as of June 30, 2021 and $915.2 million at December 31, 2020.   RBB is a corporation separate and apart from the Bank and, therefore, must provide for its own liquidity. RBB’s main source of funding is dividends declared and paid to RBB by the Bank and RAM. There are statutory, regulatory and debt covenant limitations that affect the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to RBB. Management believes that these limitations will not impact our ability to meet the Company’s ongoing short-term cash obligations.   62 Table of Contents   Regulatory Capital Requirements   We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking regulators. Failure to meet regulatory capital requirements may result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for “prompt corrective action” (described below), we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies.   In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the role of capital has become fundamentally more important, as banking regulators have concluded that the amount and quality of capital held by banking organizations was insufficient to absorb losses during periods of severely distressed economic conditions. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and banking regulations promulgated by the U.S. federal banking regulators to implement Basel III have established strengthened capital standards for banks and bank holding companies and require more capital to be held in the form of common stock. These provisions, which generally became applicable to RBB and the Bank on January 1, 2015, impose meaningfully more stringent regulatory capital requirements than those applicable to RBB and the Bank prior to that date. In addition, the Basel III regulations implemented a concept known as the “capital conservation buffer.” In general, banks and bank holding companies are required to hold a buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets over each minimum capital ratio to avoid being subject to limits on capital distributions (e.g., dividends, stock buybacks, etc.) and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. For community banks, the capital conservation buffer requirement commenced on January 1, 2016, with a gradual phase-in. Full compliance with the capital conservation buffer was required by January 1, 2019.   The table below summarizes the minimum capital requirements applicable to RBB and the Bank pursuant to Basel III regulations as of the dates reflected and assuming the capital conservation buffer has been fully-phased in. The minimum capital requirements are only regulatory minimums and banking regulators can impose higher requirements on individual institutions. For example, banks and bank holding companies experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions generally will be expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially above the minimum supervisory levels. Higher capital levels may also be required if warranted by the particular circumstances or risk profiles of individual banking organizations. The table below also summarizes the capital requirements applicable to RBB and the Bank in order to be considered “well-capitalized” from a regulatory perspective, as well as RBB’s and the Bank’s capital ratios as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. RBB and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements under Basel III and the Bank was considered to be “well-capitalized” as of the dates reflected in the table below:       Ratio at June 30, 2021     Ratio at December 31, 2020     Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements     Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements, including fully phased-in Capital Conservation Buffer     Minimum Requirement for "Well Capitalized" Depository Institution   Tier 1 Leverage Ratio                                         Consolidated     10.20 %     11.32 %     4.00 %     4.00 %     5.00 % Bank     12.34 %     14.11 %     4.00 %     4.00 %     5.00 % Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio (1)                                         Consolidated     14.76 %     14.62 %     4.50 %     7.00 %     6.50 % Bank     18.58 %     18.94 %     4.50 %     7.00 %     6.50 % Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio                                         Consolidated     15.33 %     15.21 %     6.00 %     8.50 %     8.00 % Bank     18.58 %     18.94 %     6.00 %     8.50 %     8.00 % Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio                                         Consolidated     23.48 %     20.77 %     8.00 %     10.50 %     10.00 % Bank     19.83 %     20.19 %     8.00 %     10.50 %     10.00 %   The Basel III regulations also revised the definition of capital and describe the capital components and eligibility criteria for common equity Tier 1 capital, additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. The most significant changes to the capital criteria were that: (i) the prior concept of unrestricted Tier 1 capital and restricted Tier 1 capital has been replaced with additional Tier 1 capital and a regulatory capital ratio that is based on common equity Tier 1 capital; and (ii) trust preferred securities and cumulative perpetual preferred stock issued after May 19, 2010 no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital. This change is already effective due to the Dodd-Frank Act, although such instruments issued prior to May 19, 2010 continue to qualify as Tier 1 capital (assuming they qualified as such under the prior regulatory capital standards and that the asset size of the issuer does not exceed $15 billion), subject to the 25% of Tier 1 capital limit.   63 Table of Contents   Contra