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You should review the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described below.
−Removed: We are a clinical-stage precision oncology company focused on discovering and developing small molecule therapies optimized to target the key driver mechanisms in cancers with high unmet need.
−Removed: By leveraging our core competencies in cancer biology and medicinal chemistry, combined with our target class- and technology platform-agnostic approach, we have built an efficient, fully-integrated drug discovery engine to identify compelling biological targets and create new chemical entities, or NCEs, that we rapidly advance into clinical development.
+Added: We are a clinical-stage fully integrated oncology company built on a foundation of drug discovery excellence to deliver novel precision cancer medicines to underserved patients.
+Added: By leveraging our core competencies in cancer biology and medicinal chemistry, combined with our target class- and technology platform-agnostic approach, we have built an efficient, fully-integrated drug discovery engine to identify compelling biological targets and create new chemical entities, or NCEs, that we rapidly advance into clinical trials.
We believe our approach could result in better targeted cancer therapies.
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Since our inception in 2016, we have received clearance from the U.S.
−Removed: Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, for four investigational new drug applications, or INDs, and successfully advanced three of these programs into clinical development, with the fourth expected to begin clinical development in the first half of 2021.
−Removed: In addition, we have three unique programs in various stages of preclinical development that we plan to advance into clinical development beginning in 2021.
+Added: Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, for six investigational new drug applications, or INDs, and successfully advanced these programs into clinical trials.
+Added: In addition, we have two unique programs in various stages of preclinical development that we plan to advance into clinical development in 2022.
By focusing on developing agents using broad mechanisms that have multiple links to oncogenic driver pathways in select patients, we have developed a diverse pipeline consisting of six distinct programs spanning methyltransferases, kinases, protein-protein interactions and targeted protein degraders.
Our pipeline is geared towards serving patients with high unmet medical need where there are limited or no treatment options.
−Removed: We are exploring therapies in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, or ACC, homologous recombination deficient positive, or HRD+, cancers, myelofibrosis, or MF, and glioblastoma multiforme, or GBM, amongst others.
We believe we can best address these diseases by developing therapies that target primary and secondary resistance mechanisms.
−Removed: Our lead product candidates are designed to be oral, potent and selective inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 5, or PRMT5.
+Added: Our most advanced candidates are designed to be oral, potent and selective inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 5, or PRMT5.
The potency and selectivity of our product candidates is supported by preclinical data demonstrating nanomolar inhibition of PRMT5 and no inhibition of related enzymes at 1,000 times higher concentration of our product candidates.
−Removed: We are currently advancing our first clinical candidate, PRT543, in a Phase 1 clinical trial in select solid tumors and myeloid malignancies in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of established therapies.
−Removed: Interim Phase 1 results indicate dose-dependent increases in exposure and target engagement, and we have observed early signs of clinical activity, including an ongoing confirmed complete response, or CR, in a patient with HRD+ high grade serous ovarian cancer through nine months of therapy.
+Added: PRT543, our first clinical candidate, is currently in a Phase 1 clinical trial in advanced solid tumors and select myeloid malignancies.
+Added: As of an August 6, 2021 data cutoff date, the dose escalation portion of the ongoing Phase 1 trial of PRT543 enrolled a total of 49 patients across 18 unselected advanced solid tumors and lymphoma.
+Added: Patients enrolled in the trial received an average of three prior lines of therapy.
+Added: PRT543 demonstrated target engagement and inhibition of PRMT5 functional activity as evidenced by a 69% reduction in serum symmetric dimethylarginine, or sDMA, at a dose of 45 mg/5x per week.
+Added: In addition, PRT543 demonstrated signs of preliminary clinical activity, including a durable complete response, or CR, maintained for over 18 months in a patient with HRD+ ovarian cancer who remains on treatment and prolonged stable disease, or SD, persisting for over six months in five patients, including four patients with ACC and one patient with uveal melanoma.
A complete response is defined as the disappearance of all target lesions.
−Removed: We will need to enroll and demonstrate objective responses in additional patients to support further development and potential approval by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, and while such approval is not guaranteed, we are encouraged by the clinical activity as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
−Removed: We have recently completed the dose escalation portion of the trial.
−Removed: The dose expansion portion of the Phase 1 trial is open for the patient cohort with adenoid cystic carcinoma and we now expect to begin patient enrollment into additional solid tumor and myeloid malignancies expansion cohorts early in the second quarter of 2021.
−Removed: We anticipate presenting initial clinical data from the trial at medical meetings in the second half of 2021.
−Removed: We are also advancing PRT811, a second PRMT5 inhibitor that we have optimized for high brain exposure, in a Phase 1 clinical trial in solid tumors, including GBM.
−Removed: As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the trial has demonstrated early signs of clinical activity and tolerability.
−Removed: The previously disclosed refractory GBM patient whose tumor had demonstrated a 66% reduction on monotherapy PRT811 subsequently underwent a follow-up MRI at week 18 and the regression has improved to 77% from baseline, confirming a partial response, or PR, per RANO (response assessment in neuro-oncology) criteria.
−Removed: We expect to begin enrolling patients in the expansion portion of the Phase 1 clinical trial by mid-2021 and anticipate obtaining initial clinical data from this trial by the end of 2021.
+Added: PRT543 was generally well tolerated:
+Added: the most common grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events, or AEs, occurring in at least 5% of patients were thrombocytopenia (27%) and anemia (12%), both of which were reversible upon treatment interruption.
+Added: Patients were largely able to remain on therapy with few AE-related dose interruptions (27%), reductions (22%), or discontinuations (4%).
+Added: We completed enrollment of certain dose expansion cohorts with PRT543 including adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and HRD+ solid tumors and discontinued enrollment in select myeloid malignancy and lymphoma (DLBCL and MCL) cohorts with PRT543, in which patient enrollment has been challenging and sufficient evidence of clinical activity has yet to be obtained.
+Added: We are continuing enrollment in select PRT543 dose expansion cohorts in those indications most likely to achieve proof-of-concept (“POC”) including splicing mutated solid tumors and myeloid malignancies.
+Added: We anticipate presenting data from those expansion cohorts in the second half of 2022.
+Added: PRT811, our second clinical candidate, is a PRMT5 inhibitor that we have optimized for high brain exposure.
+Added: PRT811 is being studied in a Phase 1 clinical trial in unselected patients with solid tumors, including high-grade glioma.
+Added: As of an August 13, 2021 data cutoff date, the dose escalation portion of the ongoing Phase 1 trial of PRT811 enrolled a total of 45 patients, including 27 patients across 16 unselected advanced solid tumors and 18 patients with high-grade gliomas, including 17 patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
+Added: PRT811 demonstrated dose dependent inhibition of PRMT5 activity as evidenced by an 83% reduction in serum sDMA at a dose of 600 mg daily (QD).
+Added: In addition, PRT811 demonstrated signs of preliminary
+Added: clinical activity, including an IDH1 mutated high grade glioma (glioblastoma ( GBM )) patient who experienced a partial response, or PR, that evolved into a durable CR for more than 13 months.
+Added: In addition, a patient with splicing-mutant, or SF3B1, uveal melanoma demonstrated SD for more than six months with a 25% tumor regression.
+Added: At a post data-cutoff on September 20, 2021, one additional patient (receiving a dose of 800 mg QD) with SF3B1 uveal melanoma had an unconfirmed PR and 47% decrease in target lesion, and a patient with triple negative breast cancer (receiving a dose of 800 mg QD) demonstrated a 27% decrease in target lesions.
+Added: PRT811 was generally well-tolerated;
+Added: the most common grade 3 or higher treatment-related AE was thrombocytopenia (7%), which was reversible upon treatment interruption.
+Added: Patients were largely able to remain on therapy with few AE-related dose interruptions (13%), reductions (4%), or discontinuations (3%).
+Added: Based on data from the ongoing Phase 1 dose expansion studies of both PRT543 and PRT811, we are concentrating our further development efforts on PRT811 in biomarker-selected patients in specific cancer types.
+Added: While the Company believes that both PRT811 and PRT543 are high quality, clinically active compounds, PRT811 was selected based on its superior safety profile, higher level of target engagement, and unique brain penetrant properties.
+Added: Specifically, we intend to:
+Added: Focus clinical development in select patient populations where clinical activity has been observed, including splicing mutated myeloid malignancies and solid tumors including uveal melanoma and IDH1 mutated high grade gliomas.
+Added: Complete data analysis of the ongoing expansion cohort of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) by mid-year to determine further development.
+Added: Report data from the ongoing dose expansion cohorts in the second half of 2022.
+Added: Determine appropriate development options for PRT811 based on emerging data from ongoing expansion cohorts.
PRT1419, our third clinical candidate, is designed to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein, MCL1.
The potency and selectivity of PRT1419 is supported by preclinical data demonstrating nanomolar inhibition of MCL1 and no inhibition of related enzymes at 200 times higher concentration of our product candidate.
−Removed: We have begun enrolling patients with hematologic malignancies, including patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, acute myeloid
−Removed: leukemia, or AML, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, or NHL, and multiple myeloma, or MM, into the Phase 1 clinical trial for the oral formulation of PRT1419.
−Removed: We expect to add dose expansion and combination cohorts to this Phase 1 clinical trial in the second half of 2021.
−Removed: Additionally, the FDA recently cleared our IND for an instravenous (IV) formulation of PRT1419.
−Removed: A Phase 1 trial of the IV formulation, which leverages the optimized physicochemical properties of MRT1419, is expected to commence in the first half of 2021 in patients with solid tumors.
+Added: We have begun enrolling patients with hematologic malignancies, including patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, or NHL, and multiple myeloma, or MM, into the Phase 1 clinical trial for the oral formulation of PRT1419.
+Added: The dose escalation portion of the Phase 1 trial of both oral formulation and the IV formulation, which leverages the optimized physicochemical properties of PRT1419, are underway in patients with solid tumors and hematologic tumors.
+Added: Based on the data to date, we intend to prioritize development of the IV formulation of PRT1419 which demonstrated a desirable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile with potential for differentiation from competitor compounds.
+Added: We intend to initiate a combination trial with venetoclax by mid-year, with the goal of establishing safety, clinical activity and a recommended Phase 2 dose in the second half of 2022.
+Added: PRT2527, our fourth clinical candidate, is designed to be a potent and selective Cyclin-dependent kinase 9, or CDK9, inhibitor.
+Added: In preclinical studies, PRT2527 was shown to reduce MCL1 and MYC protein levels and was highly active in preclinical models at well-tolerated doses.
+Added: PRT2527 has demonstrated high potency and kinase selectivity which may offer improved efficacy and safety compared to less selective CDK9 inhibitors.
+Added: Preclinical data demonstrated that treatment with PRT2527 depleted oncogenic drivers with short half-lives, such as MYC and MCL1, and effectively induced apoptosis.
+Added: PRT2527 treatment demonstrated robust efficacy in both hematological malignancies and solid tumor models with MYC dysregulation.
+Added: A phase one trial is underway evaluating escalating IV doses of PRT2527 as a monotherapy in patients with selected solid tumors, including sarcoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and other cancers with genomic alterations that lead to MYC dependence.
+Added: We anticipate completing enrollment in the Phase 1 dose escalation study of PRT2527 with the goal of identifying a recommended Phase 2 dose in the second half of 2022.
+Added: In addition to our four clinical stage candidates, we are advancing two new preclinical programs.
+Added: Our most advanced preclinical program has led to the identification of PRT3645, a brain penetrant molecule that potently and selectively targets CDK4/6.
+Added: IND-enabling studies for PRT3645 are ongoing and we intend to complete IND-enabling studies, file an IND and initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial in the second half of 2022.
+Added: Our second pre-clinical program targets Brahma homologue, or BRM, otherwise known as SMARCA2.
+Added: We have identified SMARCA2 protein degraders that appear to be potent based on preclinical data demonstrating degradation of SMARCA2 at sub-nanomolar concentrations.
+Added: Optimization of the lead compound, PRT-SCA2, is progressing, and we intend to complete IND-enabling studies and submit an IND application by year-end 2022.
We were incorporated in February 2016 under the laws of the State of Delaware.
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If we are unable to secure adequate additional funding, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and commercialization of one or more product candidates or delay our pursuit of potential in-licenses or acquisitions.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2020, we had $218.3 million in cash and cash equivalents.
−Removed: We expect our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the net proceeds of $161.4 million from the sale of our common stock in January 2021, will enable us to fund our operating expense and capital expenditures into 2023.
+Added: As of December 31, 2021, we had $291.2 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities.
+Added: We expect our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expense and capital expenditures into the second half of 2024.
COVID-19 Impact
−Removed: We are continuing to proactively monitor and assess the current coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, global pandemic.
−Removed: Since March 2020 we have been monitoring the potential impact on our business that may result from this rapidly evolving crisis and to avoid any unnecessary potential delays to our programs.
+Added: We are continuing to proactively monitor and assess the COVID-19 pandemic.
+Added: Since early March 2020 we have been monitoring the potential impact on our business that may result from this rapidly evolving crisis and to avoid any unnecessary potential delays to our programs.
At this time, our lead programs and research activities remain on track.
The safety and well-being of employees, patients and partners is our highest priority.
+Added: See the Risk Factor “ The COVID-19 pandemic could adversely impact our business, including our clinical trials and clinical trial operations ” for additional information.
Components of Results of Operations
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Other Income, Net
−Removed: Other income, net consists primarily of interest earned on our cash equivalents and grant income received from the State of Delaware.
−Removed: We anticipate re-applying for the grant from the State of Delaware from time to time as long as we
−Removed: maintain qualifying headcount levels in the State of Delaware .
+Added: Other income, net consists primarily of interest earned on our cash equivalents and marketable securities and grant income received from the State of Delaware.
+Added: We anticipate re-applying for the grant from the State of Delaware from time to time as long as we maintain qualifying headcount levels in the State of Delaware.
We expect our interest income, net to increase due to our investment of cash received from the sale of common stock.
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Research and development expenses increased by $38.6 million to $86.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $48.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
−Removed: The increase was mainly due to increased clinical research costs for the PRT543 and PRT811 clinical trials and increased costs associated with the initiation of the clinical trial for PRT1419, which began in the third quarter of 2020.
−Removed: We also incurred an increase in chemistry, manufacturing and other costs for those trials.
+Added: The increase was mainly due to increased clinical research costs to support the advancement of our clinical programs, as well as an increase in discovery-stage program expenses.
+Added: We also incurred an increase in chemistry, manufacturing and other costs for the trials.
We track our external research and development expenses on a program-by-program basis, such as fees paid to CROs, CMOs and research laboratories in connection with our pre-clinical development, process development, manufacturing and clinical development activities.
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(in thousands)
+Added: PRT1419 (Oral and IV)
Discovery programs
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General and administrative expenses increased by $16.4 million to $27.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
−Removed: The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel related expense due to increases in employee headcount and an increase in our professional fees as we expanded our operations to support our research and development efforts and incurred additional costs as we began operating as a public company.
+Added: The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel related expense due to increases in employee headcount and an increase in our professional fees as we expanded our operations to support our research and development efforts and incurred additional costs as a result of being as a public company.
Other Income, net
−Removed: Other income, net increased by $1.3 million to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to the receipt and recognition of a research and development tax credit from the State of Delaware in the third quarter of 2020 as well as additional interest earned on the investment of our cash proceeds.
+Added: Other income, net increased by $0.2 million to $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
+Added: Other income, net comprises primarily research and development tax credits from the State of Delaware as well as additional interest earned on the investment of our cash proceeds.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have not recognized any revenue and have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from our operations.
−Removed: We have not yet commercialized any product and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of any products for several years, if at all.
+Added: We have not yet commercialized any product and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of
+Added: any products for several years, if at all.
Since our inception, we have funded our operations through the sale of convertible preferred stock and common stock.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2020, we had $218.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and had an accumulated deficit of $107.4 million.
−Removed: We expect our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the net proceeds of $161.4 million from the sale of our common stock in January 2021, will enable us to fund our operating expense and capital expenditures into 2023.
+Added: As of December 31, 2021 , we had $ 2 91.2 million in cash , cash equivalents , and marketable securities and had an accumulated deficit of $ 219.1 million.
+Added: We expect our existing cash , cash equivalents, and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expense and capital expenditures into the second half of 202 4 .
We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be imprecise, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.
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If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.
−Removed: If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research, product development or future commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
+Added: If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research, product development or future
+Added: commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
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During the year ended December 31, 2021, we used $83.5 million of cash in operating activities.
−Removed: Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $56.9 million, offset by a $4.6 million net decrease in our operating assets and liabilities and noncash charges of $6.1 million, which consisted of $0.5 million in depreciation and amortization and $5.6 million in stock-based compensation.
+Added: Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $111.7 million, offset by a $3.6 million net decrease in our operating assets and liabilities and noncash charges of $24.5 million, which consisted of $20.9 million in stock-based compensation, $1.4 million in amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities, $1.3 million noncash lease expense, and $0.9 million in depreciation.
The primary use of cash was to fund our operations related to the development of our product candidates.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we used $46.2 million of cash in operating activities.
−Removed: Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $27.6 million, offset by a $0.7 million net decrease in our operating assets and liabilities and noncash charges of $1.2 million, which consisted of $0.4 million in depreciation and $0.8 million in stock-based compensation.
+Added: Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $56.9 million, offset by a $4.6 million net decrease in our operating assets and liabilities and noncash charges of $6.1 million, which consisted of $0.5 million in depreciation and amortization and $5.6 million in stock-based compensation.
The primary use of cash was to fund our operations related to the development of our product candidates.
Investing Activities
−Removed: During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we used $0.6 million and $0.8 million of cash, respectively, for the purchase of property and equipment.
+Added: During the year ended December 31, 2021 we used $261.5 million of cash to purchase marketable securities and $2.3 million of cash for the purchase of property and equipment.
+Added: During the year ended December 31, 2020 we used $0.6 million of cash for the purchase of property and equipment.
Financing Activities
+Added: During the year ended December 31, 2021, financing activities provided $164.9 million, which reflected the receipt of net cash of $161.4 million from the sale of common stock as well as the receipt of $3.8 million from the exercise of stock options and purchases of stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
+Added: During the year ended December 31, 2021, we also paid $0.3 million in deferred offering costs in connection with the sale of common stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, financing activities provided $246.2 million.
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During the year ended December 31, 2020, we made $0.3 million in payments for our capital lease obligation.
−Removed: Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of $29.8 million from the sale of our Series B convertible preferred stock, offset by payments of $0.1 million for our capital lease obligation.
−Removed: Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
−Removed: This management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S.
−Removed: generally accepted accounting principles.
−Removed: The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements.
−Removed: On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and stock-based compensation.
−Removed: We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.
−Removed: Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
+Added: Contractual obligations and other commitments
+Added: The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021 and the effects that such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods:
+Added: Payments Due by Period
+Added: (in thousands)
+Added: Less than 1 year
+Added: More than 5 years
+Added: Operating leases
+Added: The Company leases office and laboratory space in Wilmington, Delaware under a noncancelable lease (the “Lease”), which expires in December 2022.
+Added: The Lease was amended during the third quarter of 2021 to include additional office and laboratory space to accommodate the Company’s growth.
+Added: The Company has an option to renew the Lease for an additional 1-year period.
+Added: In November 2021, we entered into a lease agreement (the “Chestnut Run Lease”) with a commencement date of the earlier of (i) the Landlord Work Substantial Completion Date (as such term is defined in the Chestnut Run Lease), or (ii) the date the Company takes possession of the premises for the conduct of the Company’s business.
+Added: The Chestnut Run Lease has an initial term of 162 months with 3 five-year extension options and certain expansion rights.
+Added: The aggregate estimated rent payments due over the initial term of the Chestnut Run Lease is approximately $33.8 million and are included in the table above.
+Added: In June 2021, the Company entered into a 12-month noncancelable lease, which commenced on July 1, 2021 and will expire on June 30, 2022, and has remaining lease payments of approximately $0.2 million in 2022.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
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We expense research and development costs as incurred.
−Removed: We accrue an expense for preclinical studies and clinical trial activities performed by our vendors based upon estimates of the proportion of work completed.
+Added: We accrue an expense for preclinical studies and clinical trial activities performed by our CROs and vendors based upon estimates of the proportion of work completed.
We determine the estimates by reviewing contracts, vendor agreements and purchase orders, and through discussions with our internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to the progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.
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We recognize compensation costs related to share-based awards granted to employees and directors, including stock options and vesting restricted stock, based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant.
−Removed: We estimate the grant date fair value, and the resulting stock-based compensation, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
+Added: We estimate the grant date fair value of stock options, and the resulting stock-based compensation, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The grant date fair value of the stock-based awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective awards.
−Removed: We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires assumptions, including the fair value of our common stock prior to the IPO, volatility, the expected term of our stock options, the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our stock options, and our expected dividend yield.
+Added: We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires assumptions, including volatility, the expected term of our stock options, the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our stock options, and our expected dividend yield.
Certain assumptions used in our Black-Scholes option-pricing model represent management’s best estimates and involve a number of variables, uncertainties and assumptions and the application of management’s judgment, as they are inherently subjective.
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These subjective assumptions are estimated as follows:
−Removed: Fair value of common stock — Historically, for all periods prior to our IPO, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying our share-based awards was estimated on each grant date by our board of directors.
−Removed: To determine the fair value of our common stock underlying option grants, our board of directors considered, among other things, valuations of our common stock prepared by an unrelated third-party valuation firm in accordance with the guidance provided by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, or the Practice Aid.
−Removed: Since becoming a public company we have used our stock price to determine fair value of our common stock.
Expected volatility —As a privately held company we did not have any trading history for our common stock;
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As a public company we have computed the historical volatility of our own stock price and will continue to use the average volatility for comparable publicly traded biotechnology companies until we have ample trading history of our own stock commensurate with the estimated expected term of our options.
+Added: Expected Term — The expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding.
+Added: The expected term for option grants is determined using the simplified method.
+Added: The simplified method deems the expected term to be the midpoint between the vesting date and the contractual life of the stock-based awards.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
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As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
−Removed: We are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements under the JOBS Act, including without limitation, exemption to the requirements for providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
+Added: Subject to certain conditions, as an emerging growth company, we may rely on certain other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements, including without limitation, exemption to the requirements for providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier to occur of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (ii) in which we have total annual gross revenues of at least $1.07 billion or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the prior June 30th, or (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.
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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.