Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Napco Security Technologies, Inc. (“NAPCO”). MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements (Item 8 of this Form 10-K). This section generally discusses the results of our operations for the year ended June 30, 2024 compared to the year ended June 30, 2023. For a discussion of the year ended June 30, 2023 compared to the year ended June 30, 2022, please refer to, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023.
Overview
Napco is a leading manufacturer and designer of high-tech electronic security devices, wireless communication services for intrusion and fire alarm systems as well as a provider of school safety solutions. We offer a diversified array of security products, encompassing access control systems, door-locking products, intrusion and fire alarm systems and video surveillance products, used for commercial, residential, institutional, industrial and governmental applications. We have experienced significant growth in recent years, primarily driven by our recurring service revenues from wireless communication services for intrusion and fire alarm systems.
NAPCO has established a heritage and proven record in the professional security community for reliably delivering both advanced technology and high-quality security solutions. We are dedicated to developing innovative technology and producing the next generation of reliable security solutions that utilize remote communications and wireless networks.
Highlights from fiscal year 2024 compared with fiscal year 2023 included:
● Net sales for the year increased 11% to a record $188.8 million as compared to $170.0 million.
● Recurring service revenue (“RSR”) for the year increased 26% to $75.7 million as compared to $59.9 million.
● Gross margin for recurring service revenue increased to 90.5% as compared to 89.0%.
● Gross margin for equipment revenue was 29.4% as compared to 18.0%.
● Net income increased 84% to a fiscal year record $49.8 million as compared to $27.1 million.
Industry Trends
Our industry is dynamic and highly competitive, with frequent changes in both technologies and business models. Each industry shift is an opportunity to conceive new products, new technologies, or new ideas that can further transform the industry and our business. Napco continually innovates through a broad range of research and development activities that seek to identify and address the changing demands of customers, industry trends, and competitive forces.
Economic Conditions and Other Factors
We are subject to the effects of general macroeconomic and market conditions.
The markets for security devices and services are dynamic and highly competitive. Our competitors are continually developing new products and solutions for consumers and businesses. We must continue to evolve and adapt to respond to customer and user preferences over an extended time in pace with this changing environment.
Refer to Risk Factors (Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K) for a discussion of these factors and other risks.
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Seasonality
Our revenue fluctuates quarterly and is generally higher in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires a high degree of judgment, either in the application and interpretation of existing accounting literature or in the development of estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. We continuously evaluate our estimates and judgments based on historical experience, as well as other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of our evaluation form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Critical estimates include management’s judgments associated with reserves for sales returns and allowances, allowance for credit losses, overhead expenses applied to inventory, inventory reserves, valuation of intangible assets, share based compensation and income taxes. These estimates may change in the future if underlying assumptions or factors change, and actual results may differ from these estimates.
We consider the following significant accounting policies to be critical because of their complexity and the high degree of judgment involved in maintaining them.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services.
Equipment Revenue
Equipment revenue, which includes shipping and handling costs, is primarily generated from the sale of finished products to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at a single point in time when ownership, risks and rewards transfer, which is typically the date of shipment of the related equipment when the product is picked up by the carrier or customer. A provision for product returns, credits and rebates is recorded as a reduction of equipment revenue in the same period the revenue is recognized.
The Company provides a limited standard warranty for defective products, usually for a period of 24 to 36 months, and accepts returns for such defective products as well as for other limited circumstances. The Company also provides rebates to customers for meeting specified purchasing targets and other coupons or credits in limited circumstances. Reserves are established for the estimated returns, rebates and credits and such variable consideration is measured based on the expected value method.
The Company analyzes product sales returns and is able to make reasonable and reliable estimates of product returns based on several factors including actual returns and expected return data communicated to the Company by its customers.
Service Revenue
Service revenue is primarily generated from the sale of monthly cellular communication services to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized ratably with the delivery of cellular communication service over the related monthly period, and when ownership, risks and rewards transfer to the customer..
The services are billed monthly, and customers have the right to cancel the cellular communication services at any time, however the contract with the customer does not provide.
Inventory Valuation
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The reported net value of inventory includes finished saleable products, work-in-process and raw materials that will be sold or used in future periods. Inventory costs include raw materials, direct labor and overhead. The Company’s overhead expenses are applied based, in part, upon estimates of the proportion of those expenses that are related to procuring and storing
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raw materials as compared to the manufacture and assembly of finished products. These proportions, the method of their application, and the resulting overhead included in ending inventory, are based in part on subjective estimates and actual results could differ from those estimates.
The Company records a reserve for excess and slow-moving inventory, which represents the difference between the cost of the inventory and its estimated realizable value. This reserve is calculated using an estimated excess and slow-moving percentage applied to the inventory based on age, historical trends, product life cycle, requirements to support forecasted sales, and the ability to find alternate applications of its raw materials and to convert finished product into alternate versions of the same product to better match customer demand. There is inherent professional judgment and subjectivity made by both production and engineering members of management in determining the estimated excess and slow-moving percentage. In addition, and as necessary, the Company may establish specific reserves for future known or anticipated events. The Company also regularly reviews the period over which its inventories will be converted to sales. Any inventories expected to convert to sales beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as non-current.
Legal and Other Contingencies
The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against us are subject to significant uncertainty. An estimated loss from a loss contingency such as a legal proceeding or claim is accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset has been impaired, or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining whether a loss should be accrued we evaluate, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. Changes in these factors could materially impact our consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are as follows:
June 30, 2024
June 30, 2023
Cash
$
18,823
$
20,713
Money Market Fund
41,116
63
Certificate of Deposits
5,402
15,179
$
65,341
$
35,955
We believe that our projected cash flow from operations, combined with our cash and short-term investments, will be sufficient to meet our projected working capital requirements, contractual obligations, and other cash flow needs for the next twelve months.
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A summary of the cash flow activity for the year ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Fiscal Year ended June 30,
2024
2023
(in thousands)
Net income
$
49,818
$
27,127
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
2,163
1,930
Gain on disposal of fixed asset
—
(15)
Interest expense (income) on other investments
31
(470)
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable securities
(56)
80
(Recovery of) Provision for credit losses
(99)
(112)
Change to inventory reserve
1,691
(445)
Deferred income taxes
(2,776)
(2,818)
Stock based compensation expense
1,733
1,464
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(7,137)
(2,041)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$
45,368
$
24,700
Net cash provided by operating activities was $45.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2024 and was due to net income of $49.8 million and adjustments for non-cash items of $2.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in cash flow from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $7.1 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities were largely attributable to increases in inventories, accounts receivables, prepaid expenses, accrued expenses and income taxes receivable and decreases in other assets and accounts payable.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $24.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 and was due to net income of $27.1 million offset by a decrease in cash flow from operating activities due to changes in operating assets and liabilities of $2.0 million and an adjustment for non-cash items of $0.4 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities was largely attributable to a decrease in accounts receivables and inventories offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Fiscal Year ended June 30,
2024
2023
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment
$
(1,594)
$
(2,962)
Proceeds from disposal of fixed asset
—
38
Purchases of marketable securities
(206)
(148)
Purchases of other investments
(1,351)
(35,281)
Redemption of other investments
—
10,091
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
$
(3,151)
$
(28,262)
The cash used in investing activities during the year ended June 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to net cash used for capital expenditures and purchase of investments. The cash used in investing activities during the year ended June 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to the net change in investments, as well as capital expenditures. The change in use of cash for investing activities from 2023 to 2024 was a reduction in investments in term deposits (other investments).
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Fiscal Year ended June 30,
2024
2023
Proceeds from stock option exercises
$
427
$
85
Cash paid for dividend
(13,258)
(2,298)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
$
(12,831)
$
(2,213)
The cash used in financing activities for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was primarily related to the payment of stockholder dividends.
As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s available revolving credit line was $20,000,000, which expires in February 2029. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company has no outstanding debt.
The Company takes into consideration several factors in measuring its liquidity, including the ratios set forth below:
As of June 30,
2024
2023
Current Ratio
7.6 to 1
6.7 to 1
Sales to Receivables
5.9 to 1
6.5 to 1
Working Capital. Working capital increased by $34,861,000 to $146,534,000 at June 30, 2024 from $111,673,000 at June 30, 2023.Working capital is calculated by deducting Current Liabilities from Current Assets.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
As of June 30, 2024, the Company had no material commitments for capital expenditures or inventory purchases other than purchase orders issued in the normal course of business. On April 26, 1993, the Company's foreign subsidiary entered into a 99-year land lease of approximately 4 acres of land in the Dominican Republic, on which the Company’s principle manufacturing facility is located, at an annual base rent of approximately $235,000 and $105,000 in annual service charges. The service charges increase 2% annually over the remaining life of the lease.
Results of Operations
Fiscal 2024 Compared to Fiscal 2023
Fiscal year ended June 30, (dollars in thousands)
% Increase/
2024
2023
(decrease)
Net sales: equipment revenues
$
113,071
$
110,062
2.7
%
service revenues
75,749
59,935
26.4
%
188,820
169,997
11.1
%
Gross Profit: equipment
33,209
19,865
67.2
%
services
68,545
53,368
28.4
%
101,754
73,233
38.9
%
Gross profit as a % of net sales
53.9
%
43.1
%
25.1
%
equipment
29.4
%
18.0
%
63.3
%
services
90.5
%
89.0
%
1.6
%
Research and development
10,763
9,328
15.4
%
Selling, general and administrative
37,173
33,580
10.7
%
Selling, general and administrative as a % of net sales
19.7
%
19.8
%
(0.5)
%
Operating Income
53,818
30,325
77.5
%
Interest and other income (expense), net
2,568
903
184.4
%
Provision for income taxes
6,568
4,101
60.2
%
Net income
49,818
27,127
83.6
%
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Net Sales
Net sales in fiscal 2024 increased by $18,823,000 to $188,820,000 as compared to $169,997,000 in fiscal 2023. The increase in net sales was primarily due to increased sales of the Company’s recurring alarm communication services of $15,814,000, Alarm Lock brand door-locking products of $4,099,000, Marks brand door-locking products of $6,882,000 as partially offset by a decrease in sales of Continental brand access control products of $206,000 and Napco brand intrusion products of $7,766,000.
Gross Profit
The Company's gross profit increased by $28,521,000 to $101,754,000 or 54% of net sales in fiscal 2024 as compared to $73,233,000 or 43.1% of net sales in fiscal 2023. Gross profit on equipment sales was $33,209,000 or 29.4% of net equipment sales in fiscal 2024 and $19,865,000 or 18.0% of net equipment sales, in fiscal 2023. Gross profit on service revenues was $68,545,000 or 90.5% of net service revenues in fiscal 2024 and $53,368,000 or 89.0% of net service revenues, in fiscal 2023. The increase in Gross profit on equipment sales was primarily the result of the higher equipment sales, which increased overhead absorption, as well as the stabilization of component costs as partially offset by increased labor costs in both the U.S. and Dominican Republic.
Research and Development
Research and Development expenses increased by $1,435,000 to $10,763,000 in fiscal 2024 as compared to $9,328,000 in fiscal 2023. This increase was due primarily to salary increases and additional staff.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2024 increased by $3,593,000 to $37,173,000 as compared to $33,580,000 in fiscal 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales remained consistent at 19.7% in fiscal 2024 compared to 19.8% in fiscal 2023. The increases was a result of transaction costs associated with the Company’s Form S-3 filing, increased employee compensation costs, as well as increased accounting and legal expenses, partially offset by lower credit card fees.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense) for fiscal 2024 increased by $1,665,000 to $2,568,000 as compared to income of $903,000 for the same period a year ago. This increase was due primarily to interest and dividend income from the Company’s cash and short-term investments.
Income Taxes
The Company’s provision for income taxes for fiscal 2024 increased by $2,467,000 to $6,568,000 as compared to $4,101,000 for the same period a year ago. The Company’s effective tax rate for fiscal 2024 decreased to 12% as compared to 13% for fiscal 2023 as a result of a larger portion of the Company’s taxable income being attributable to foreign operations.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents we incorporate by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included or incorporated in this prospectus regarding our strategy, future operations, clinical trials, collaborations, intellectual property, cash resources, financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans, and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. The words “believes,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “plans,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “potential,” “likely,” “projects,” “continue,” “will,” “schedule,” “would,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We cannot guarantee that we actually will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. See “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024 for more information. These factors and the other cautionary
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statements made in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements whenever they appear in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent our estimates only as of the date that this prospectus is filed with the SEC and should not be relied upon as representing our estimates as of any subsequent date. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. We disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law.