MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP 10-Q

10-Q UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 001-37747 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP . (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Delaware 04-3291176 (State of Incorporation) (IRS Employer Identification No.) 437 MADISON AVENUE, 38 th Floor NEW YORK , New York 10022 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code) ( 212 ) 328-2100 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading symbols Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share MFIN NASDAQ Global Select Market Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ NO ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ NO ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒ The number of outstanding shares of registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01, as of November 6, 2024, was 23,067,748 . MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION 3 ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 3 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 36 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 58 ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 58 PART II—OTHER INFORMATION 59 ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 59 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 59 ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 59 ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION 59 ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 60 SIGNATURES 61 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those statements and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report. This report contains forward-looking statements relating to future events and future performance applicable to us within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions, or future strategies that are signified by the words expects, anticipates, intends, believes, or similar language. In connection with certain forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q and those that may be made in the future by or on behalf of the Company, the Company notes that there are various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in any such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q were prepared by management and are qualified by, and subject to, significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory, and other uncertainties and contingencies, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict, and many of which are beyond control of the Company. In particular, any forward-looking statements are subject to the risks and great uncertainties associated with the pending litigation with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as the U.S. and global economies, including the current inflationary environment and the risk of recession. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. The statements have not been audited by, examined by, compiled by, or subjected to agreed-upon procedures by independent accountants, and no third-party has independently verified or reviewed such statements. Readers of this Form 10-Q should consider these facts in evaluating the information contained herein. In addition, the business and operations of the Company are subject to substantial risks which increase the uncertainty inherent in the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. The inclusion of the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q should not be regarded as a representation by the Company or any other person that the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q will be achieved. In light of the foregoing, readers of this Form 10-Q are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained herein. You should consider these risks and those described under Risk Factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and others that are detailed in the other reports that the Company files from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Page 2 of 61 PART I – FINANCI AL INFORMATION ITEM 1. FINANCI AL STATEMENTS BASIS OF PREPARATION We, Medallion Financial Corp., or the Company, are a specialty finance company organized as a Delaware corporation. Our strategic focus is growing our consumer finance and commercial lending businesses. Our total assets were $2.9 billion and $2.6 billion as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. We conduct our business through various wholly-owned subsidiaries including: • Medallion Bank, or the Bank, a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, insured industrial bank that originates consumer loans, raises deposits and conducts other banking activities; • Medallion Capital, Inc., or Medallion Capital, a Small Business Investment Company, or SBIC, which operates a mezzanine financing business; • Medallion Funding LLC, or Medallion Funding, an SBIC, historically our primary taxi medallion lending company; and • Freshstart Venture Capital Corp., or Freshstart, which historically originated and serviced taxi medallion and commercial loans and was an SBIC through 2023. Our consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statements of other comprehensive income, consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three and nine months then ended included in Item 1 have been prepared by us, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position and results of operations. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 may not be indicative of future performance. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Page 3 of 61 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 120,593 $ 52,591 Federal funds sold 67,336 97,254 Investment securities 56,754 54,282 Equity investments 9,897 11,430 Loans 2,485,279 2,215,886 Allowance for credit losses ( 96,518 ) ( 84,235 ) Net loans receivable 2,388,761 2,131,651 Goodwill 150,803 150,803 Intangible assets, net 19,508 20,591 Property, equipment, and right-of-use lease asset, net 14,172 14,076 Accrued interest receivable 14,108 13,538 Loan collateral in process of foreclosure (1) 8,818 11,772 Income tax receivable — 671 Other assets 29,302 29,168 Total assets $ 2,880,052 $ 2,587,827 Liabilities Deposits (2) $ 2,108,132 $ 1,866,657 Long-term debt (3) 232,037 235,544 Short-term borrowings 49,000 8,000 Deferred tax liabilities, net 20,598 21,207 Operating lease liabilities 5,534 7,019 Accrued interest payable 6,888 6,822 Income tax payable 232 — Accounts payable and accrued expenses (4) 26,455 30,804 Total liabilities 2,448,876 2,176,053 Commitments and contingencies (5) Stockholders’ equity Preferred stock ( 1,000,000 shares of $ 0.01 par value stock authorized- none outstanding) — — Common stock ( 50,000,000 shares of $ 0.01 par value stock authorized - 29,256,835 shares at September 30, 2024 and 29,051,800 shares at December 31, 2023 issued) 293 291 Additional paid in capital 291,845 288,046 Treasury stock ( 6,172,558 shares at September 30, 2024 and 5,602,154 at December 31, 2023) ( 50,144 ) ( 45,538 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 2,247 ) ( 3,696 ) Retained earnings 122,641 103,883 Total stockholders’ equity 362,388 342,986 Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries 68,788 68,788 Total equity 431,176 411,774 Total liabilities and equity $ 2,880,052 $ 2,587,827 Number of shares outstanding 23,084,277 23,449,646 Book value per share $ 15.70 $ 14.63 (1) Includes financed sales of this collateral to third parties that are reported separately from the loan portfolio, of $ 4.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and $ 6.2 million as of December 31, 2023 . (2) Includes $ 4.7 million and $ 4.3 million of deferred financing costs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . Refer to Note 5 for more details. (3) Includes $ 3.7 million and $ 4.2 million of deferred financing costs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . Refer to Note 5 for more details. (4) Includes the short-term portion of lease liabilities of $ 2.3 million and $ 2.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . Refer to Note 6 for more details. (5) Refer to Note 10 for details. The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with these consolidated financial statements. Page 4 of 61 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Interest and fees on loans $ 74,538 $ 64,608 $ 208,620 $ 179,407 Interest and dividends on investment securities 1,871 1,278 5,563 4,048 Total interest income (1) 76,409 65,886 214,183 183,455 Interest on deposits 19,191 13,432 50,466 33,360 Interest on long-term debt 4,356 2,901 12,793 8,694 Interest on short-term borrowings 125 769 402 2,325 Total interest expense 23,672 17,102 63,661 44,379 Net interest income 52,737 48,784 150,522 139,076 Provision for credit losses 20,151 14,532 55,929 27,045 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 32,586 34,252 94,593 112,031 Other income (loss) (Loss) gain on equity investments ( 519 ) 2,180 3,136 2,189 Gain on sale of loans and taxi medallions 340 1,417 1,170 4,578 Write-down of loan collateral in process of foreclosure ( 19 ) ( 30 ) ( 19 ) ( 303 ) Other income 785 739 2,802 1,868 Total other income, net 587 4,306 7,089 8,332 Other expenses Salaries and employee benefits 9,456 9,630 28,347 27,805 Loan servicing fees 2,790 2,501 7,951 7,084 Collection costs 1,673 1,583 4,799 4,729 Regulatory fees 961 1,021 2,826 2,484 Professional fees 818 1,148 3,434 4,223 Rent expense 664 629 2,019 1,855 Amortization of intangible assets 361 361 1,084 1,084 Other expenses 2,272 2,216 6,755 7,220 Total other expenses 18,995 19,089 57,215 56,484 Income before income taxes 14,178 19,469 44,467 63,879 Income tax provision 4,055 6,727 14,196 18,582 Net income after taxes 10,123 12,742 30,271 45,297 Less: income attributable to the non-controlling interest 1,512 1,512 4,535 4,536 Total net income attributable to Medallion Financial Corp. $ 8,611 $ 11,230 $ 25,736 $ 40,761 Basic net income per share $ 0.38 $ 0.50 $ 1.14 $ 1.81 Diluted net income per share $ 0.37 $ 0.48 $ 1.09 $ 1.77 Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic 22,490,792 22,596,982 22,576,446 22,469,968 Diluted 23,447,929 23,392,901 23,555,065 23,067,944 (1) Included in interest income is $ 0.6 million and $ 1.9 million of paid-in-kind interest for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $ 0.4 million and $ 1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 . The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with these consolidated financial statements. Page 5 of 61 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net income after taxes $ 10,123 $ 12,742 $ 30,271 $ 45,297 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 1,497 ( 1,211 ) 1,449 ( 1,611 ) Total comprehensive income 11,620 11,531 31,720 43,686 Less comprehensive income attributable to the non-controlling interest 1,512 1,512 4,535 4,536 Total comprehensive income attributable to Medallion Financial Corp. $ 10,108 $ 10,019 $ 27,185 $ 39,150 The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with these consolidated financial statements. Page 6 of 61 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (Dollars in thousands) Common Stock Shares Common Stock Capital in Excess of Par Treasury Stock Shares Treasury Stock Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders’ Equity Non- controlling Interest Total Equity Balance at December 31, 2023 29,051,800 $ 291 $ 288,046 ( 5,602,154 ) $ ( 45,538 ) $ 103,883 $ ( 3,696 ) $ 342,986 $ 68,788 $ 411,774 Net income — — — — — 10,024 — 10,024 1,512 11,536 Distributions to non-controlling interest — — — — — — — — ( 1,512 ) ( 1,512 ) Stock-based compensation expense — 1 1,495 — — — — 1,496 — 1,496 Issuance of restricted stock, net 296,178 — — — — — — — — — Withheld restricted stock for employees' tax obligations ( 116,275 ) — ( 944 ) — — — — ( 944 ) — ( 944 ) Forfeiture of restricted stock, net ( 1,208 ) — — — — — — — — — Exercise of stock options 13,383 — 88 — — — — 88 — 88 Purchase of common stock — — — ( 264,160 ) ( 2,126 ) — — ( 2,126 ) — ( 2,126 ) Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.10 per share) — — — — — ( 2,338 ) — ( 2,338 ) — ( 2,338 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — — — ( 150 ) ( 150 ) — ( 150 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 29,243,878 $ 292 $ 288,685 ( 5,866,314 ) $ ( 47,664 ) $ 111,569 $ ( 3,846 ) $ 349,036 $ 68,788 $ 417,824 Net income — — — — — 7,101 — 7,101 1,512 8,613 Distributions to non-controlling interest — — — — — — — — ( 1,512 ) ( 1,512 ) Stock-based compensation expense — 1 1,595 — — — — 1,596 — 1,596 Exercise of stock options 2,867 — 18 — — — — 18 — 18 Forfeiture of restricted stock, net ( 1,696 ) — — — — — — — — — Issuance in connection with vesting of restricted stock units 17,155 — — — — — — — — — Purchase of common stock — — — ( 183,900 ) ( 1,515 ) — — ( 1,515 ) — ( 1,515 ) Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.10 per share) — — — — — ( 2,337 ) — ( 2,337 ) — ( 2,337 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — — — 102 102 — 102 Balance at June 30, 2024 29,262,204 $ 293 $ 290,298 ( 6,050,214 ) $ ( 49,179 ) $ 116,333 $ ( 3,744 ) $ 354,001 $ 68,788 $ 422,789 Net income — — — — — 8,611 — 8,611 1,512 10,123 Distributions to non-controlling interest — — — — — — — — ( 1,512 ) ( 1,512 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 1,509 — — — — 1,509 — 1,509 Exercise of stock options 5,852 — 38 — — — — 38 — 38 Forfeiture of restricted stock, net ( 11,221 ) — — — — — — — — — Purchase of common stock — — — ( 122,344 ) ( 965 ) — — ( 965 ) — ( 965 ) Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.10 per share) — — — — — ( 2,303 ) — ( 2,303 ) — ( 2,303 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — — — 1,497 1,497 — 1,497 Balance at September 30, 2024 29,256,835 $ 293 $ 291,845 ( 6,172,558 ) $ ( 50,144 ) $ 122,641 $ ( 2,247 ) $ 362,388 $ 68,788 $ 431,176 The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with these consolidated financial statements. Page 7 of 61 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (Dollars in thousands) Common Stock Shares Common Stock Capital in Excess of Par Treasury Stock Shares Treasury Stock Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders’ Equity Non- controlling Interest Total Equity Balance at December 31, 2022 28,663,827 $ 287 $ 283,663 ( 5,602,154 ) $ ( 45,538 ) $ 66,673 $ ( 3,349 ) $ 301,736 $ 68,788 $ 370,524 Adoption of ASU 2016-13, net of tax — — — — — ( 9,935 ) — ( 9,935 ) — ( 9,935 ) Balance at January 1, 2023 28,663,827 287 283,663 ( 5,602,154 ) ( 45,538 ) 56,738 ( 3,349 ) 291,801 68,788 360,589 Net income — — — — — 15,361 — 15,361 1,512 16,873 Distributions to non-controlling interest — — — — — — — — ( 1,512 ) ( 1,512 ) Stock-based compensation expense — 2 1,034 — — — — 1,036 — 1,036 Issuance of restricted stock, net 304,749 — — — — — — — — — Withheld restricted stock for employees' tax obligations ( 91,169 ) — ( 768 ) — — — — ( 768 ) — ( 768 ) Forfeiture of restricted stock, net ( 9,843 ) — — — — — — — — — Exercise of stock options 44,583 — 292 — — — — 292 — 292 Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.08 per share) — — — — — ( 1,863 ) — ( 1,863 ) — ( 1,863 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — — — 506 506 — 506 Balance at March 31, 2023 28,912,147 $ 289 $ 284,221 ( 5,602,154 ) $ ( 45,538 ) $ 70,236 $ ( 2,843 ) $ 306,365 $ 68,788 $ 375,153 Net income — — — — — 14,170 — 14,170 1,512 15,682 Distributions to non-controlling interest — — — — — — — — ( 1,512 ) ( 1,512 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 1,214 — — — — 1,214 — 1,214 Issuance of restricted stock, net 11,734 — — — — — — — — — Exercise of stock options 283 — — — — — — — — — Forfeiture of restricted stock, net ( 204 ) — — — — — — — — — Issuance in connection with vesting of restricted stock units 23,211 — — — — — — — — — Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.08 per share) — — — — — ( 1,867 ) — ( 1,867 ) — ( 1,867 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — — — ( 906 ) ( 906 ) — ( 906 ) Balance at June 30, 2023 28,947,171 $ 289 $ 285,435 ( 5,602,154 ) $ ( 45,538 ) $ 82,539 $ ( 3,749 ) $ 318,976 $ 68,788 $ 387,764 Net income — — — — — 11,230 — 11,230 1,512 12,742 Distributions to non-controlling interest — — — — — — — — ( 1,512 ) ( 1,512 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 1,232 — — — — 1,232 — 1,232 Exercise of stock options 18,840 1 115 — — — — 116 — 116 Forfeiture of restricted stock, net ( 126 ) — — — — — — — — — Dividends paid on common stock ($ 0.08 per share) — — — — — ( 1,869 ) — ( 1,869 ) — ( 1,869 ) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — — — — — ( 1,211 ) ( 1,211 ) — ( 1,211 ) Balance at September 30, 2023 28,965,885 $ 290 $ 286,782 ( 5,602,154 ) $ ( 45,538 ) $ 91,900 $ ( 4,960 ) $ 328,474 $ 68,788 $ 397,262 The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with these consolidated financial statements. Page 8 of 61 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income resulting from operations $ 30,271 $ 45,297 Adjustments to reconcile net income resulting from operations to net cash provided by operating activities: Provision for credit losses 55,929 27,045 Paid-in-kind interest income ( 1,910 ) ( 1,086 ) Depreciation and amortization 4,365 3,878 Amortization of origination fees, net 6,628 7,279 Increase in deferred and other tax liabilities, net 294 5,116 Net change in value of loan collateral in process of foreclosure ( 98 ) 6,673 Net (gains) loss on investments ( 3,136 ) 3,136 Stock-based compensation expense 4,601 3,482 Increase in accrued interest receivable ( 570 ) ( 980 ) Increase in other assets ( 3,431 ) ( 13,033 ) (Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses ( 5,861 ) 7,500 Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable 66 ( 166 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 87,148 94,141 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Loans originated ( 771,501 ) ( 805,048 ) Proceeds from principal receipts, sales, maturities, and recoveries of loans 446,865 471,917 Purchases of investments ( 6,191 ) ( 10,169 ) Proceeds from principal receipts, sales, and maturities of investments 9,810 467 Proceeds from the sale and principal payments on loan collateral in process of foreclosure 9,931 14,607 Net cash used for investing activities ( 311,086 ) ( 328,226 ) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from time deposits and funds borrowed 1,027,961 683,568 Repayments of time deposits and funds borrowed ( 749,047 ) ( 417,084 ) Cash dividends paid on common stock ( 6,951 ) ( 5,459 ) Distributions to non-controlling interests ( 4,535 ) ( 4,536 ) Payment of withholding taxes on net settlement of vested stock ( 944 ) ( 768 ) Treasury stock repurchased ( 4,606 ) — Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 144 408 Net cash provided by financing activities 262,022 256,129 NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 38,084 22,044 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period (1) 149,845 105,598 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period (1) $ 187,929 $ 127,642 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION Cash paid during the period for interest $ 60,631 $ 42,054 Cash paid during the period for income taxes 14,227 12,822 NON-CASH INVESTING Loans transferred to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net $ 17,703 $ 15,384 (1) Includes federal funds sold. The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with these consolidated financial statements. Page 9 of 61 MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) September 30, 2024 (1) ORGANIZATION OF MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES Medallion Financial Corp., or the Company, is a specialty finance company organized as a Delaware corporation that reports as a bank holding company, but is not a bank holding company for regulatory purposes. The Company conducts its business through various wholly-owned subsidiaries including its primary operating company, Medallion Bank, or the Bank, a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, insured industrial bank that originates consumer loans, raises deposits, and conducts other banking activities. The Bank is subject to competition from other financial institutions and to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies, and undergoes examinations by those agencies. The Bank was formed in May 2002 for the purpose of obtaining an industrial bank charter pursuant to the laws of the State of Utah. The Bank originates consumer loans on a national basis for the purchase of recreational vehicles, or RVs, boats, collector cars, and other consumer recreational equipment and to finance home improvements such as roofs, swimming pools, and windows. Prior to 2015, the Bank originated commercial loans to finance the purchase of taxi medallions, all of which are serviced by the Company. The loans are financed primarily with time certificates of deposit which are originated nationally through a variety of brokered deposit relationships. The Company also conducts business through its subsidiaries Medallion Capital, Inc., or Medallion Capital, a Small Business Investment Company, or SBIC, which conducts a mezzanine financing business; Medallion Funding LLC, or MFC, an SBIC, which historically was the Company's primary taxi medallion lending company; and Freshstart Venture Capital Corp., or FSVC, which historically originated and serviced taxi medallion and commercial loans and was an SBIC through 2023. Medallion Capital and MFC, as SBICs, are regulated by the Small Business Administration, or SBA. Medallion Capital is financed in part by the SBA. The Company established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Medallion Financing Trust I, or Fin Trust, for the purpose of issuing unsecured trust preferred securities to investors. Fin Trust is a separate legal and corporate entity with its own creditors who, in any liquidation of Fin Trust, will be entitled to be satisfied out of Fin Trust’s assets prior to any value in Fin Trust becoming available to Fin Trust’s equity holders. The assets of Fin Trust, aggre gating $ 34.0 million at September 30, 2024, are comprised solely of a subordinated note from the Company and are not available to pay obligations of its affiliates or any other party, and the assets of affiliates or any other party are not available to pay obligations of Fin Trust. (2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP, requires management to make estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Accounting estimates and assumptions are those that management considers to be the most critical to an understanding of the consolidated financial statements because they inherently involve significant judgments and uncertainties. All of these estimates reflect management’s best judgment about current economic and market conditions and their effects based on information available as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. If such conditions change, it is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates could change, which may result in future impairments of loans and loan collateral in process of foreclosure, goodwill and intangible assets, and investments, among other effects. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, and profits (losses) have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company consolidates all entities it controls through a majority voting interest, a controlling interest through other contractual rights, or as being identified as the primary beneficiary of VIEs. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and (2) an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. For consolidated entities that are less than wholly owned, the third-party's holding is recorded as non-controlling interest. The Company’s investment in the Bank is consolidated for financial statement purposes. In the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company presents its investment in the Bank. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original purchased maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash balances are generally held in accounts at large national or regional banking organizations in amounts that exceed the federally insured limits. Cash also includes $ 1.3 million of interest-bearing funds deposited in other banks with original terms of 5 to 6 years that cannot be withdrawn but are salable on an active secondary market without penalty . Page 10 of 61 Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities The Company follows the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, or FASB ASC 820, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FASB ASC 820 defines fair value as an exit price (i.e., a price that would be received to sell, as opposed to acquire, an asset or transfer a liability), and emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement. It establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent external sources and the reporting entity’s own assumptions. Further, it specifies that fair value measurement should consider adjustment for risk, such as the risk inherent in the valuation technique or its inputs. See also Notes 12 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements. Equity Investments The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 321, Investments – Equity Securities, or ASC 321, which requires all applicable investments in equity securities with a readily determinable fair value to be valued as such, and those without a readily determinable fair value, are measured at cost, less any impairment plus or minus any observable price changes. Equity investments of $ 9.9 million and $ 11.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, comprised mainly of nonmarketable stock and stock warrants, are recorded at cost less any impairment plus or minus observable price changes. Substantially all of these equity investments are held by Medallion Capital, our SBIC subsidiary, in connection with its mezzanine lending business. As of September 30, 2024 , cumulative impairment of $ 4.7 million had been recorded with respect to these investments. During 2021, the Company purchased $ 2.0 million of equity securities with a readily determinable fair value. As a result, all unrealized gains and losses are included in gain (loss) on equity investments. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of these securities were $ 1.8 million and $ 1.7 million and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The following table presents the unrealized portion related to the equity securities held. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities $ 63 $ ( 54 ) $ 37 $ ( 54 ) Less: Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period — — — — Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date $ 63 $ ( 54 ) $ 37 $ ( 54 ) Investment Securities The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 320, Investments – Debt Securities, or ASC 320, which requires that all applicable investments in debt securities be classified as trading securities, available-for-sale securities, or held-to-maturity securities. Investment securities are purchased from time-to-time in the open market at prices that are greater or lesser than the par value of the investment. The resulting premium or discount is deferred and recognized on a level yield basis as an adjustment to the yield of the related investment. The net premium on investment securities totaled $ 0.1 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , and less than $ 0.1 million was amortized to interest income for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. ASC 320 further requires that held-to-maturity securities be re ported at amortized cost and available-for-sale securities be reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of the effect of income taxes, until they are sold. At the time of sale, any gains or losses, calculated by the specific identification method, will be recognized as a component of operating results and any amounts previously included in stockholders’ equity, which were recorded net of the income tax effect, will be reversed. In accordance with ASC 326, we do not maintain an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable. Loans The Company’s loans are currently reported at the principal amount outstanding, inclusive of deferred loan acquisition costs, which primarily includes deferred costs paid to loan originators, and which are amortized to interest income over the life of the loan. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment to the yield of the related loans. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net loan origination costs were $ 47.2 million and $ 40.0 million. Net amortization to income was $ 2.3 million and $ 6.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and was $ 2.2 million and $ 6.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Page 11 of 61 Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Taxi medallion and commercial loans are placed on nonaccrual status, and all uncollected accrued interest is reversed, when there is doubt as to the collectability of interest or principal, or if loans are 90 days or more past due, unless management has determined that they are both well-secured and in the process of collection. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is generally recognized when cash is received unless a determination has been made to apply all cash receipts to principal. The consumer loan portfolio is typified by a larger number of smaller dollar loans that have similar characteristics. A loan is nonperforming when based on current information and events, it is unlikely the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement. Management considers loans that are in bankruptcy status, but have not been charged-off, to be nonperforming. Consumer loans are placed on nonaccrual when they become 90 days past due, or earlier if they enter bankruptcy, and are charged-off in their entirety when deemed uncollectible, or when they become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first, at which time appropriate recovery efforts against both the borrower and the underlying collateral are initiated. For the recreation loan portfolio, the process to repossess the collateral is started at 60 days past due. If the collateral is not located and the account reaches 120 days delinquent, the account is charged-off. If the collateral is repossessed, a loss is recorded by writing the collateral down to its fair value less selling costs, and the collateral is sent to auction. When the collateral is sold, the net auction proceeds are applied to the account, and any remaining balance is written off. Proceeds collected on charged-off accounts are recorded as recoveries. Total loans 90 days or more past due were $ 17.4 million at September 30, 2024, or 0.72 % of the total loan portfolio, compared to $ 16.8 million , or 0.77 % , at December 31, 2023. The Company may modify the contractual cash flow of loans in situations where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties. The Company strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loans to more affordable terms before they reach nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, term extensions, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss to the Company and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. For modifications where the Company forgives principal, the entire amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off. Modified loans are considered nonperforming loans. Loan collateral in process of foreclosure primarily includes taxi medallion loans that have reached 120 days past due and have been charged down to their net realizable value, in add ition to consumer repossessed collateral in the process of being sold. For New York City taxi medallion loans in the process of foreclosure, the Company continued to utilize a net value of $ 79,500 when assessing net realizable value for these taxi medallion loans, despite fluctuating current transfer prices which may exceed that level from time to time . The "loan collateral in the process of foreclosure" designation reflects that the collection activities on these loans have transitioned from working with the borrower to the liquidation of the collateral securing the loans. The Company accounts for its sales of loans in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, or FASB ASC 860, which provides accounting and reporting standards for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities. In accordance with FASB ASC 860, the Company had elected the fair value measurement method for its servicing assets and liabilities. The principal portion of loans serviced for others by the Company and its affiliates was $ 14.0 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company has evaluated the servicing aspect of its business in accordance with FASB ASC 860 and determined that no material servicing asset or liability existed as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . Allowance for Credit Losses On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", or ASC 326, which replaced the incurred loss methodology that delayed recognition until it was probable a loss had been incurred with a lifetime expected loss methodology using "reasonable and supportable" expectations about the future, referred to as the current expected credit loss, or CECL, methodology. For consumer loans, the Company uses historical delinquent loan performance and actual loss rates modified by quantitative adjustments based on macroeconomic factors over a twelve-month reasonable and supportable forecast period. For commercial loans, the Company assesses the historical impact that macroeconomic indicators have had on the loan portfolio, to determine an approximate allowance for credit loss. Unlike consumer loans, where loans may have similar performing characteristics, each commercial loan is unique. The Company evaluates each commercial loan for specific impairment with additional allowance for credit losses recognized as necessary. For taxi medallion loans, the Company maintains specific reserves adjusting the carrying amount of loans down to net collateral value. The allowance is evaluated on a quarterly basis by management based on the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and size of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing economic conditions, and excess concentration risks. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates, including those based on changes in economic conditions, that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Credit losses are deducted from the allowance, and subsequent recoveries are added back to the allowance. Page 12 of 61 The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 are presented under ASC 326. The transition to the CECL methodology on January 1, 2023 resulted in an increase of $ 13.7 million to the Company's allowance for credit losses on loans, or ACL, and a net-of-tax cumulative-effect adjustment of $ 9.9 million to the beginning balance of retained earnings. The CECL methodology transition effects on the allowance for credit losses are presented in the following table: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 Pre-Topic 326 Adoption Effect of ASC 326 Adoption (Transition Amounts) January 1, 2023 Post-ASC 326 Adoption Assets: Loans: Recreation $ 41,966 $ 10,037 $ 52,003 Home improvement 11,340 1,518 12,858 Commercial 1,049 2,157 3,206 Taxi medallion 9,490 — 9,490 Strategic partnership — — — Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 63,845 $ 13,712 $ 77,557 Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets arose as a result of the excess of fair value over book value for several of the Company’s previously unconsolidated portfolio investment companies as of April 2, 2018. This fair value was brought forward under the Company’s new reporting and was subject to a purchase price accounting allocation process conducted by an independent third- party expert to arrive at the current categories and amounts. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to quarterly review by management to determine whether additional impairment testing is needed, and such testing is performed at least on an annual basis. Intangible assets are amortized over their useful life of approximately 20 years. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had goodwill of $ 150.8 million , all of which related to the Bank. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had intangible assets of $ 19.5 million and $ 20.6 million . Amortization expense on the intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $ 0.4 million and $ 1.1 million. Management performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill and intangibles for impairment at December 31, 2023 , concluding that there was no impairment of these assets. The following table details the intangible assets as of the dates presented: (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Brand-related intellectual property $ 14,850 $ 15,675 Home improvement contractor relationships 4,658 4,916 Total intangible assets $ 19,508 $ 20,591 Fixed Assets Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 3 to 10 years . Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated economic useful life of the improvement. Depreciation and amortization expense was $ 0.1 million and $ 0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 . Deferred Costs Deferred financing costs represent costs associated with obtaining the Company’s borrowing facilities, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related financing agreements and life of the respective pool. Amortization expense, included as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, was $ 1.2 million and $ 3.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and was $ 0.8 million and $ 2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, the Company capitalizes certain costs for transactions in the process of completion (other than business combinations), including those for potential investments, and the sourcing of other financing alternatives. Upon completion or termination of the transaction, any accumulated amounts will be amortized against income over an appropriate period, or written off. The amount on the Company’s balance sheet for all of these purposes were $ 8.4 million and $ 8.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . Page 13 of 61 Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability approach in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, or ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the impact of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax basis and are stated at tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets are also recorded for net operating losses, capital losses and any tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided against a deferred tax asset when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. All available evidence, both positive and negative, is considered to determine whether a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is needed. Items considered in determining the Company’s valuation allowance include expectations of future earnings of the appropriate tax character, recent historical financial results, tax planning strategies, the length of statutory carryforward periods and the expected timing of the reversal of temporary differences. The Company recognizes tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only when the position is more likely than not to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. The Company records income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, within current income tax expense. Earnings Per Share (EPS) Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income resulting from operations available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if option contracts to issue common stock were exercised, or if restricted stock vests, and has been computed after considering the weighted average dilutive effect of the Company’s stock options and restricted stock. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate diluted EPS, which is a method of recognizing the use of proceeds that could be obtained upon exercise of options and warrants, including unvested compensation expense related to the shares, in computing diluted EPS. It assumes that any proceeds would be used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The table below presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net income attributable to common stockholders $ 8,611 $ 11,230 $ 25,736 $ 40,761 Weighted average common shares outstanding applicable to basic EPS 22,490,792 22,596,982 22,576,446 22,469,968 Effect of restricted stock grants 440,704 481,197 485,179 413,682 Effect of dilutive stock options 166,268 183,274 194,800 125,319 Effect of performance stock unit grants 350,165 131,448 298,640 58,975 Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding applicable to diluted EPS 23,447,929 23,392,901 23,555,065 23,067,944 Basic net income per share $ 0.38 $ 0.50 $ 1.14 $ 1.81 Diluted net income per share 0.37 0.48 1.09 1.77 Potentially dilutive common shares excluded from the above calculations aggregated 9,000 shares as of both September 30, 2024 and 2023 . Stock Compensation The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 718, or ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, for its equity incentive, stock option, and restricted stock plans, and accordingly, the Company recognizes the expense of these grants as required. Stock-based employee compensation costs pertaining to stock options are reflected in net income resulting from operations for any new grants using the fair values established by usage of the Black-Scholes option pricing model, expensed over the vesting period of the underlying option. Stock-based employee compensation costs pertaining to restricted stock are reflected in net income resulting from operations for any new grants using the grant date fair value of the shares granted, expensed over the vesting period of the underlying stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 , the Company issued 296,178 and 316,483 restricted shares of stock-based compensation awards, 215,687 and 296,444 performance stock units, and 92,350 and 83,158 restricted stock units. The Company recognized $ 1.5 million and $ 4.6 million , or $ 0.06 and $ 0.20 per common share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 , and $ 1.2 million, and $ 3.5 million or $ 0.05 and $ 0.15 per share per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, of non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to the grants. As of September 30, 2024 , the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance share units was $ 6.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over the next 10 quarters. Page 14 of 61 Regulatory Capital The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the bank regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. FDIC-insured banks, including the Bank, are subject to certain federal laws, which impose various legal limitations on the extent to which banks may finance or otherwise supply funds to certain of their affiliates. In particular, the Bank is subject to certain restrictions on any extensions of credit to, or other covered transactions with, such as certain purchases of assets, the Company or its affiliates. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios as defined in the regulations (set forth in the table belo w). Additionally, as conditions of granting the Bank’s application for federal deposit insurance, the FDIC ordered that the Tier 1 leverage capital to total assets ratio, as defined, be not less than 15 %, a level which could affect the Bank's ability to pay dividends to the Company, and that an adequate allowance for credit losses be maintained. As of September 30, 2024, the Bank’s Tier 1 leverage ratio was 15.7 % . The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios and the regulatory minimum ratios are presented in the following table. Regulatory (Dollars in thousands) Minimum Well-Capitalized September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Common equity tier 1 capital $ 314,153 $ 293,774 Tier 1 capital 382,940 362,561 Total capital 413,973 390,153 Average assets 2,444,674 2,232,816 Risk-weighted assets 2,422,854 2,155,641 Leverage ratio (1) 4.0 % 5.0 % 15.7 % 16.2 % Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (2) 7.0 6.5 13.0 13.6 Tier 1 capital ratio (3) 8.5 8.0 15.8 16.8 Total capital ratio (3) 10.5 10.0 17.1 18.1 (1) Calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by average assets. (2) Calculated by subtracting preferred stock or non-controlling interest from Tier 1 capital and dividing by risk-weighted assets. (3) Calculated by dividing Tier 1 or total capital by risk-weighted assets. In the table above, the minimum risk-based ratios as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 reflect the capital conservation buffer of 2.5 %. The minimum regulatory requirements, inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, were the binding requirements for the risk-based requirements, and the “well-capitalized” requirements were the binding requirements for Tier 1 leverage capital as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements. The amendments in this update seek to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements. The amendments in this update will be effective on the date on which the SEC’s removal of related disclosures from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K become effective, with early adoption prohibited. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, or Topic 280: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The main objective of this update is to improve financial reporting disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and to be included in interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is assessing the impact of the update on the accompanying financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes, or Topic 740: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The main objective of this update is to provide transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this update are effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is assessing the impact of the update on the accompanying financial statements. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year balances to conform with the current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported results of operations. Page 15 of 61 (3) INVESTMENT SECURITIES The following tables present details of fixed maturity securities available for sale as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Mortgage-backed securities, principally obligations of U.S. federal agencies $ 42,479 $ 63 $ ( 3,448 ) $ 39,094 State and municipalities 16,373 117 ( 1,004 ) 15,486 Agency bonds 2,181 1 ( 8 ) 2,174 Total $ 61,033 $ 181 $ ( 4,460 ) $ 56,754 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Mortgage-backed securities, principally obligations of U.S. federal agencies $ 44,653 $ — $ ( 4,791 ) $ 39,862 State and municipalities 13,733 21 ( 1,501 ) 12,253 Agency bonds 2,187 — ( 20 ) 2,167 Total $ 60,573 $ 21 $ ( 6,312 ) $ 54,282 The amortized cost and estimated market value of investment securities at September 30, 2024 by contractual maturity are presented below. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 2,992 $ 2,964 Due after one year through five years 2,758 2,660 Due after five years through ten years 11,639 10,813 Due after ten years 43,644 40,317 Total $ 61,033 $ 56,754 The following tables present information pertaining to securities with gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position. Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months and Over September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Mortgage-backed securities, principally obligations of U.S. federal agencies $ — $ — $ ( 3,448 ) $ 31,359 State and municipalities ( 94 ) 3,106 ( 910 ) 10,280 Agency bonds — — ( 8 ) 176 Total $ ( 94 ) $ 3,106 $ ( 4,366 ) $ 41,815 Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months and Over December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Mortgage-backed securities, principally obligations of U.S. federal agencies $ ( 78 ) $ 5,797 $ ( 4,714 ) $ 33,971 State and municipalities ( 204 ) 4,839 ( 1,296 ) 7,371 Agency bonds — — ( 20 ) 2,167 Total $ ( 282 ) $ 10,636 $ ( 6,030 ) $ 43,509 As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had 53 and 60 securities with unrealized losses that have not been recognized in income. The investments are mortgage-backed securities and similar instruments with lower risk characteristics. The Company regularly reviews investment securities for impairment resulting from credit loss using both qualitative and quantitative criteria, as necessary based on the composition of the portfolio at period end. Based on our assessment, no material impairments for credit losses were recognized during the period. The Company does not intend to sell its investment securities that are in an unrealized loss position and believes that it is unlikely that it will be required to sell these securities before recovery of the amortized cost. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company did not hold investments in any single issuer with an aggregate book value that exceeded 10 % of the Company's equity, other than U.S. Government agency residential mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association. Page 16 of 61 (4) LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following table presents the major classification of loans, inclusive of capitalized loan origination costs, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Amount As a Percent of Gross Loans Amount As a Percent of Gross Loans Recreation $ 1,554,629 63 % $ 1,336,226 60 % Home improvement 814,071 33 760,617 34 Commercial 110,143 4 114,827 5 Taxi medallion 3,243 * 3,663 * Strategic partnership 3,193 * 553 * Total gross loans 2,485,279 100 % 2,215,886 100 % Allowance for credit losses ( 96,518 ) ( 84,235 ) Total net loans $ 2,388,761 $ 2,131,651 (*) Less than 1%. The following tables present the activity of the gross loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Taxi Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – June 30, 2024 $ 1,497,428 $ 773,184 $ 110,197 $ 3,482 $ 1,299 $ 2,385,590 Loan originations 139,105 96,545 — — 39,918 275,568 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities ( 61,563 ) ( 51,409 ) ( 713 ) ( 239 ) ( 38,024 ) ( 151,948 ) Charge-offs ( 16,242 ) ( 4,258 ) — — — ( 20,500 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net ( 6,609 ) — — — — ( 6,609 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net ( 3,549 ) 1,206 13 — — ( 2,330 ) Origination fees and costs, net 6,059 ( 1,197 ) ( 1 ) — — 4,861 Paid-in-kind interest — — 647 — — 647 Gross loans – September 30, 2024 $ 1,554,629 $ 814,071 $ 110,143 $ 3,243 $ 3,193 $ 2,485,279 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – December 31, 2023 $ 1,336,226 $ 760,617 $ 114,827 $ 3,663 $ 553 $ 2,215,886 Loan originations 454,433 216,111 7,000 250 79,952 757,746 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities ( 177,152 ) ( 148,818 ) ( 13,546 ) ( 670 ) ( 77,312 ) ( 417,498 ) Charge-offs ( 48,970 ) ( 13,219 ) — — — ( 62,189 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net ( 17,703 ) — — — — ( 17,703 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net ( 9,715 ) 3,057 30 — — ( 6,628 ) Origination fees and costs, net 17,510 ( 3,677 ) ( 78 ) — — 13,755 Paid-in-kind interest — — 1,910 — — 1,910 Gross loans – September 30, 2024 $ 1,554,629 $ 814,071 $ 110,143 $ 3,243 $ 3,193 $ 2,485,279 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Taxi Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – June 30, 2023 $ 1,331,114 $ 728,468 $ 92,637 $ 3,448 $ 1,331 $ 2,156,998 Loan originations 92,603 79,333 8,900 100 36,457 217,393 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities ( 61,885 ) ( 53,095 ) ( 1,657 ) ( 281 ) ( 35,947 ) ( 152,865 ) Charge-offs ( 11,684 ) ( 3,890 ) — — — ( 15,574 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net ( 4,730 ) — — — — ( 4,730 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net ( 3,259 ) 647 — — — ( 2,612 ) Origination fees and costs, net 4,281 ( 955 ) — 660 — 3,986 Paid-in-kind interest — — 442 — — 442 Gross loans – September 30, 2023 $ 1,346,440 $ 750,508 $ 100,322 $ 3,927 $ 1,841 $ 2,203,038 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – December 31, 2022 $ 1,183,512 $ 626,399 $ 92,899 $ 13,571 $ 572 $ 1,916,953 Loan originations 384,291 291,349 16,650 2,023 96,637 790,950 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities ( 181,565 ) ( 158,300 ) ( 9,413 ) ( 6,207 ) ( 95,368 ) ( 450,853 ) Charge-offs ( 33,440 ) ( 8,379 ) ( 900 ) ( 3,814 ) — ( 46,533 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net ( 13,078 ) — — ( 2,306 ) — ( 15,384 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net ( 9,177 ) 1,898 — — — ( 7,279 ) Origination fees and costs, net 15,897 ( 2,459 ) — 660 — 14,098 Paid-in-kind interest — — 1,086 — — 1,086 Gross loans – September 30, 2023 $ 1,346,440 $ 750,508 $ 100,322 $ 3,927 $ 1,841 $ 2,203,038 Page 17 of 61 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Allowance for credit losses – beginning balance $ 89,788 $ 74,971 $ 84,235 (1) $ 63,845 CECL transition amount upon ASU 2016-13 adoption — — — 13,712 Charge-offs Recreation ( 16,242 ) ( 11,684 ) ( 48,970 ) ( 33,440 ) Home improvement ( 4,258 ) ( 3,890 ) ( 13,219 ) ( 8,379 ) Commercial — — — ( 900 ) Taxi medallion — — — ( 3,814 ) Total charge-offs ( 20,500 ) ( 15,574 ) ( 62,189 ) ( 46,533 ) Recoveries Recreation 3,991 2,651 11,501 8,705 Home improvement 745 882 2,899 2,141 Commercial — — 20 10 Taxi medallion 2,343 1,671 4,123 10,208 Total recoveries 7,079 5,204 18,543 21,064 Net charge-offs (2) ( 13,421 ) ( 10,370 ) ( 43,646 ) ( 25,469 ) Provision for credit losses 20,151 14,532 55,929 27,045 Allowance for credit losses – ending balance (3) $ 96,518 $ 79,133 $ 96,518 $ 79,133 (1) 2023 beginning balance represents allowance prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13. (2) As of September 30, 2024, cumulative net charge-offs of loans and loan collateral in process of foreclosure in the taxi medallion loan portfolio were $ 166.2 million , including $ 99.2 million related to loans secured by New York City taxi medallions, some of which may represent collection opportunities for the Company. (3) As of September 30, 2024 and 2023 , there were no allowance for credit losses and net charge-offs related to the strategic partnership loans. The following tables present the gross charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, by the year of origination: Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Recreation $ 921 $ 4,717 $ 5,167 $ 2,354 $ 956 $ 2,127 $ 16,242 Home improvement 148 1,275 1,583 787 209 256 4,258 Commercial — — — — — — — Taxi medallion — — — — — — — Total $ 1,069 $ 5,992 $ 6,750 $ 3,141 $ 1,165 $ 2,383 $ 20,500 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Recreation $ 1,020 $ 12,579 $ 17,034 $ 7,841 $ 3,231 $ 7,265 $ 48,970 Home improvement 188 4,307 4,857 2,457 615 795 13,219 Commercial — — — — — — — Taxi medallion — — — — — — — Total $ 1,208 $ 16,886 $ 21,891 $ 10,298 $ 3,846 $ 8,060 $ 62,189 The following tables present the gross charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, by the year of origination: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Recreation $ 890 $ 4,587 $ 2,250 $ 1,175 $ 1,273 $ 1,509 $ 11,684 Home improvement 964 1,783 733 158 106 146 3,890 Commercial — — — — — — — Taxi medallion — — — — — — — Total $ 1,854 $ 6,370 $ 2,983 $ 1,333 $ 1,379 $ 1,655 $ 15,574 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Recreation $ 934 $ 11,763 $ 7,664 $ 3,631 $ 3,745 $ 5,703 $ 33,440 Home improvement 1,003 4,235 1,834 459 328 520 8,379 Commercial — — — — 900 — 900 Taxi medallion — — — — — 3,814 3,814 Total $ 1,937 $ 15,998 $ 9,498 $ 4,090 $ 4,973 $ 10,037 $ 46,533 Page 18 of 61 The following tables present the allowance for credit losses by type as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage of Allowance (1) Allowance as a Percent of Loan Category Allowance as a Percent of Nonaccrual Recreation $ 70,383 73 % 4.53 % 293.45 % Home improvement 19,731 21 2.42 82.26 Commercial 5,114 5 4.64 21.32 Taxi medallion 1,290 1 39.78 5.38 Total $ 96,518 100 % 3.88 % 402.41 % (1) Percentages may not foot due to rounding. December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage of Allowance (1) Allowance as a Percent of Loan Category Allowance as a Percent of Nonaccrual Recreation $ 57,532 68 % 4.31 % 221.50 % Home improvement 21,019 25 2.76 80.92 Commercial 4,148 5 3.61 15.97 Taxi medallion 1,536 2 41.93 5.91 Total $ 84,235 100 % 3.80 % 324.31 % (1) Percentages may not foot due to rounding. The following table presents total nonaccrual loans and foregone interest. The fluctuation in nonaccrual interest foregone is due to past due loans and market conditions. (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Total nonaccrual loans $ 23,985 $ 25,974 Interest foregone quarter to date 419 417 Amount of foregone interest applied to principal in the quarter 70 59 Interest foregone year to date 983 928 Amount of foregone interest applied to principal for the year 199 238 Interest foregone life-to-date 3,483 2,119 Amount of foregone interest applied to principal life-to-date 880 822 Percentage of nonaccrual loans to gross loan portfolio 1.0 % 1.2 % Percentage of allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans 402.4 % 324.3 % The following tables present the performance status of loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Performing Nonperforming Total Percentage of Nonperforming to Total Recreation $ 1,546,412 $ 8,217 $ 1,554,629 0.53 % Home improvement 812,509 1,562 814,071 0.19 Commercial 99,180 10,963 110,143 9.95 Taxi medallion — 3,243 3,243 100.00 Strategic partnership 3,193 — 3,193 — Total $ 2,461,294 $ 23,985 $ 2,485,279 0.97 % December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Performing Nonperforming Total Percentage of Nonperforming to Total Recreation $ 1,326,567 $ 9,659 $ 1,336,226 0.72 % Home improvement 759,128 1,489 760,617 0.20 Commercial 103,664 11,163 114,827 9.72 Taxi medallion — 3,663 3,663 100.00 Strategic partnership 553 — 553 — Total $ 2,189,912 $ 25,974 $ 2,215,886 1.17 % For those loans aged under 90 days past due, there is a possibility that their delinquency status will continue to deteriorate and they will subsequently be placed on nonaccrual status and be reserved for, and as such, deemed nonperforming. Page 19 of 61 The following tables present the aging of all loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 Days Past Due Recorded Investment 90 Days and (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 60-89 90 + Total Past Due Current Total (1) Accruing Recreation $ 41,431 $ 15,657 $ 7,475 $ 64,563 $ 1,438,636 $ 1,503,199 $ — Home improvement 4,742 2,000 1,564 8,306 809,838 818,144 — Commercial — — 8,396 8,396 101,950 110,346 — Taxi medallion 148 200 — 348 2,895 3,243 — Strategic partnership — — — — 3,193 3,193 — Total $ 46,321 $ 17,857 $ 17,435 $ 81,613 $ 2,356,512 $ 2,438,125 $ — (1) Excludes $ 47.2 million of capitalized loan origination costs. December 31, 2023 Days Past Due Recorded Investment 90 Days and (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 60-89 90 + Total Past Due Current Total (1) Accruing Recreation $ 40,282 $ 15,039 $ 9,095 $ 64,416 $ 1,228,175 $ 1,292,591 $ — Home improvement 3,936 2,562 1,502 8,000 756,069 764,069 — Commercial — 2,156 6,240 8,396 107,140 115,536 — Taxi medallion 201 — — 201 3,462 3,663 — Strategic partnership — — — — 553 553 — Total $ 44,419 $ 19,757 $ 16,837 $ 81,013 $ 2,095,399 $ 2,176,412 $ — (1) Excludes $ 40.0 million of capitalized loan origination costs. The Company estimates that the weighted average loan-to-value ratio of the taxi medallion loans was approximately 171 % and 183 % as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The following tables present the activity of loan collateral in process of foreclosure, which relate only to the recreation and taxi medallion loans, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – June 30, 2024 $ 1,441 $ 7,918 $ 9,359 Transfer from loans, net 6,609 — 6,609 Sales — — — Cash payments received ( 2,059 ) ( 1,007 ) ( 3,066 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) ( 4,064 ) ( 20 ) ( 4,084 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2024 $ 1,927 $ 6,891 $ 8,818 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – December 31, 2023 $ 1,779 $ 9,993 $ 11,772 Transfer from loans, net 17,703 — 17,703 Sales — ( 39 ) ( 39 ) Cash payments received ( 6,731 ) ( 3,161 ) ( 9,892 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) ( 10,824 ) 98 ( 10,726 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2024 $ 1,927 $ 6,891 $ 8,818 (1) Collateral valuation adjustments for recreational loans are generally the result of the liquidation of collateral through a repossession process. Due to the short-term nature of the liquidation process, collateral valuation adjustments on recreational loans are recorded as charge-offs to the allowance for credit losses on loans as this is an adjustment to the initial estimate on the fair value, less estimated costs to sell that was initially estimated in the preliminary charge off and amount transferred to collateral in the process of foreclosure. Page 20 of 61 The following tables present the activity of loan collateral in process of foreclosure, which relate only to the recreation and taxi medallion loans, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – June 30, 2023 $ 729 $ 16,074 $ 16,803 Transfer from loans, net 4,730 — 4,730 Sales ( 1,080 ) ( 117 ) ( 1,197 ) Cash payments received ( 163 ) ( 1,939 ) ( 2,102 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) ( 2,281 ) ( 30 ) ( 2,311 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2023 $ 1,935 $ 13,988 $ 15,923 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – December 31, 2022 $ 1,376 $ 20,443 $ 21,819 Transfer from loans, net 13,078 2,306 15,384 Sales ( 5,858 ) ( 685 ) ( 6,543 ) Cash payments received ( 291 ) ( 7,773 ) ( 8,064 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) ( 6,370 ) ( 303 ) ( 6,673 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2023 $ 1,935 $ 13,988 $ 15,923 (1) Collateral valuation adjustments for recreational loans are generally the result of the liquidation of collateral through a repossession process. Due to the short-term nature of the liquidation process, collateral valuation adjustments on recreational loans are recorded as charge-offs to the allowance for credit losses on loans as this is an adjustment to the initial estimate on the fair value, less estimated costs to sell that was initially estimated in the preliminary charge off and amount transferred to collateral in the process of foreclosure. As of September 30, 2024, taxi medallion loans in the process of foreclosure included 315 taxi medallions in the New York City market, 188 taxi medallions in the Chicago market, 23 taxi medallions in the Newark market, and 31 taxi medallions in various other markets. (5) FUNDS BORROWED The following table presents outstanding balances of funds borrowed. Payments Due for the Twelve Months Ending September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter September 30, 2024 (1) December 31, 2023 (1) Interest Rate (2) Deposits (3) $ 957,570 $ 387,112 $ 434,280 $ 141,074 $ 190,567 $ — $ 2,110,603 $ 1,869,439 3.68 % Retail and privately placed notes — 31,250 53,750 39,000 — 22,500 146,500 139,500 8.12 SBA debentures and borrowings 14,000 14,000 2,000 1,250 1,250 37,750 70,250 75,250 3.53 Trust preferred securities — — — — — 33,000 33,000 33,000 7.38 Federal reserve and other borrowings 35,000 — — — — — 35,000 — 5.00 Total $ 1,006,570 $ 432,362 $ 490,030 $ 181,324 $ 191,817 $ 93,250 $ 2,395,353 $ 2,117,189 4.01 % (1) Excludes deferred financing costs of $ 8.4 million and $ 8.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . (2) Weighted average contractual rate as of September 30, 2024 . (3) Balance excludes $ 2.3 million and $ 1.5 million of strategic partner reserve deposits as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . (A) DEPOSITS Most deposits are raised through the use of investment brokerage firms that package time deposits in denominations of less than $ 250,000 qualifying for FDIC insurance into larger pools that are sold to the Bank. The rates paid on the deposits are highly competitive with market rates paid by other financial institutions. Additionally, a brokerage fee is paid, depending on the maturity of the deposits, which averages less than 0.15 %. Interest on the deposits is accrued daily and paid monthly, quarterly, semiannually, or at maturity. Additionally, the Bank raises deposits through listing services and, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank had $ 10.9 million and $ 11.8 million in listing service deposit balances from other financial institutions. In April 2023, the Bank began to originate retail savings deposits through a third-party service provider and, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Bank had $ 33.4 million and $ 14.9 million in retail savings deposit balances. The following table presents the maturity of the deposit pools, which includes strategic partner reserve deposits, as of September 30, 2024. (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2024 Three months or less $ 209,515 Over three months through six months 231,435 Over six months through one year 516,620 Over one year 1,153,033 Deposits 2,110,603 Strategic partner collateral deposits 2,250 Total deposits $ 2,112,853 Page 21 of 61 (B) FEDERAL RESERVE DISCOUNT WINDOW AND OTHER BORROWINGS In March 2023, the Bank established a discount window line of credit at the Federal Reserve. As of September 30, 2024 , the Bank had $ 110.1 million in home improvement loans pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve. The current advance rate on the pledged securities is approximately 45.1 % of book value, for a total of approximately $ 49.7 million in secured borrowing capacity, of which $ 35.0 million was utilized as of September 30, 2024. The Bank has borrowing arrangements with several commercial banks. These agreements are accommodations that can be terminated at any time, for any reason, and allow the Bank to borrow up to $ 75.0 million. As of September 30, 2024 , there were no outstanding amounts with respect to these arrangements. (C) PRIVATELY PLACED NOTES In August 2024, the Company completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $ 5.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.625 % unsecured senior notes due August 2039 , with interest payable semiannually. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes. In June 2024, the Company amended the notes previously issued in a private placement to certain institutional investors in December 2023, increasing the principal amount from $ 12.5 million to $ 17.5 million, reducing the interest rate to 8.875 % from 9.0 %, and extending the maturity date from December 2033 to June 2039 . The Company used, and intends to use, the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, which included the repayment of the remaining 8.25 % notes that matured in March 2024 described below. In September 2023, the Company completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $ 39.0 million aggregate principal amount of 9.25 % unsecured senior notes due September 2028 , with interest payable semiannually. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase of $ 33.0 million of the 8.25 % notes issued in March 2019 with a maturity date of March 2024 described below. In February 2021, the Company completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $ 25.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.25 % unsecured senior notes due February 2026 , with interest payable semiannually. In March 2021, an additional $ 3.3 million principal amount of such notes was issued to certain institutional investors. Subsequently in April 2021, an additional $ 3.0 million principal amount of such notes was issued to certain institutional investors. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including repayment of outstanding debt. In December 2020, the Company completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $ 33.6 million aggregate principal amount of 7.50 % unsecured senior notes due December 2027 , with interest payable semiannually. In February and March 2021, an additional $ 8.5 million principal amount of such notes was issued to certain institutional investors. Subsequently in April 2021, an additional $ 11.7 million principal amount of such notes was issued to certain institutional investors. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including repayment of outstanding debt. In March 2019, the Company completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $ 30.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.25 % unsecured senior notes due in March 2024 , with interest payable semiannually. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including repaying certain borrowings under its notes payable to banks at a discount which led to a gain of $ 4.1 million in 2019. In August 2019, an additional $ 6.0 million principal amount of such notes was issued to certain institutional investors. As described above, in September 2023, the Company repurchased and cancelled $ 33.0 million of these notes. The remaining $ 3.0 million principal amount outstanding was repaid in March 2024 at maturity . (D) SBA DEBENTURES AND BORROWINGS Over the years, the SBA has approved commitments for Medallion Capital and FSVC, typically for a four and a half year term and a 1 % fee. During 2017, the SBA restructured FSVC’s debentures with SBA totaling $ 33.5 million in principal into a new loan by the SBA to FSVC in the principal amount of $ 34.0 million, or the SBA Loan. In connection with the SBA Loan, FSVC executed a Note, or the SBA Note, with an effective date of March 1, 2017, in favor of SBA, in the principal amount of $ 34.0 million. The SBA Loan bore an interest rate of 3.25 % with all remaining unpaid principal and interest being due on April 30, 2024 , the maturity date. In October 2023, FSVC repaid, in full, all amounts due to the SBA under the SBA Note. On July 10, 2023, Medallion Capital accepted a commitment from the SBA for $ 20.0 million in debenture financing. Medallion Capital can draw funds under the commitment, in whole or in part, until September 30, 2027. In connection with the commitment, Medallion Capital paid the SBA a leverage fee of $ 0.2 million, with an additional $ 0.4 million fee to be paid pro-rata as Medallion Capital draws under the commitment. As of September 30, 2024 , $ 9.8 million of the commitment had been drawn, and $ 10.2 million was drawable. Page 22 of 61 On February 28, 2024, Medallion Capital accepted a commitment from the SBA for $ 18.5 million in debenture financing with a ten-year term. Medallion Capital can draw funds under the commitment, in whole or in part, until September 30, 2028. In connection with the commitment, Medallion Capital paid the SBA a leverage fee of $ 0.2 million, with the remaining $ 0.4 million of the fee to be paid pro rata as Medallion Capital draws under the commitment. As of September 30, 2024 , none of the commitment had been drawn, $ 0.3 million was drawable, with the balance of $ 18.2 million drawable upon the infusion of $ 9.1 million of capital from either the capitalization of retained earnings or a capital infusion into Medallion Capital from the Company. (E) TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES In June 2007, the Company issued and sold $ 36.1 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured junior subordinated notes to Fin Trust which, in turn, sold $ 35.0 million of trust preferred securities to Merrill Lynch International and issued 1,083 shares of common stock to the Company. I nterest is calculated using the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) adjusted by a relevant spread adjustment of approximately 26 basis points , plus 2.13 %. The notes mature in September 2037 and are prepayable at par. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. The terms of the trust preferred securities and the notes are substantially identical. In December 2007, $ 2.0 million of the trust preferred securities were repurchased from a third-party investor. As of September 30, 2024, $ 33.0 million was outstanding on the trust preferred securities. (F) OTHER BORROWINGS In January 2024, Medallion Capital entered into a $ 7.5 million revolving credit facility with a regional bank. The facility allows Medallion Capital to finance, on a short-term basis, investments for which it anticipates receiving financing from the SBA. The facility bears interest at a rate of 2.75 % plus one month SOFR, has an annual facility fee of 0.1 %, matures on January 1, 2025, and requires that Medallion Capital have total commitments available from the SBA of at least the total requested advance. As of September 30, 2024 , the facility had no outstanding borrowings. (G) COVENANT COMPLIANCE Certain of the Company's debt agreements contain financial covenants that require the Company to maintain certain financial ratios and minimum tangible net worth. As of September 30, 2024 , the Company was in compliance with all such covenants. (6) LEASES The Company has leased premises that expire at various dates through February 28, 2031 subject to various operating leases. The following table presents the operating lease costs and additional information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating lease costs $ 607 $ 597 $ 1,817 $ 1,792 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases 664 629 2,019 1,855 Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability ( 58 ) ( 56 ) ( 176 ) ( 167 ) The following table presents the breakout of the operating leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 7,259 $ 8,785 Other current liabilities 2,281 2,472 Operating lease liabilities 5,534 7,019 Total operating lease liabilities 7,815 9,491 Weighted average remaining lease term 4.4 years 4.9 years Weighted average discount rate 5.56 % 5.47 % At September 30, 2024, maturities of the lease liabilities were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remainder of 2024 $ 634 2025 2,546 2026 2,567 2027 1,342 2028 573 Thereafter 1,139 Total lease payments 8,801 Less imputed interest 986 Total operating lease liabilities $ 7,815 Page 23 of 61 (7) INCOME TAXES The Company is subject to federal and applicable state corporate income taxes on its taxable ordinary income and capital gains. As a corporation taxed under Subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code, the Company is able, and intends, to file a consolidated federal income tax return with corporate subsidiaries in which it holds 80% or more of the outstanding equity interest measured by both vote and fair value. The following table presents the significant components of the Company's deferred and other tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Goodwill and other intangibles $ 42,762 $ 43,034 Provision for credit losses ( 13,931 ) ( 13,032 ) Net operating loss carryforwards (1) ( 3,805 ) ( 3,802 ) Accrued expenses, compensation, and other assets ( 6,151 ) ( 6,976 ) Unrealized losses on other investments ( 2,227 ) ( 1,877 ) Total deferred tax liability 16,648 17,347 Valuation allowance 3,950 3,860 Deferred tax liability, net $ 20,598 $ 21,207 (1) As of September 30, 2024 , the Company had an estimated $ 11.1 million of net operating loss carryforwards, $ 1.7 million of which expires at various dates between December 31, 2026 and December 31, 2035 , which had a net carrying value of $ 1.2 million as of September 30, 2024 . The following table presents the components of the Company's tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Current Federal $ 4,899 $ 5,893 $ 11,421 $ 12,349 State 1,533 1,753 3,652 3,717 Deferred Federal ( 1,798 ) ( 689 ) ( 598 ) 1,761 State ( 579 ) ( 230 ) ( 279 ) 755 Net provision for income taxes $ 4,055 $ 6,727 $ 14,196 $ 18,582 The following table presents a reconciliation of statutory federal income tax provision to consolidated actual income tax provision reported for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Statutory Federal income tax provision at 21 % $ 2,977 $ 4,088 $ 9,338 $ 13,414 State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 583 800 1,827 2,624 Non-deductible expenses 427 624 2,582 1,701 Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets — 1,138 — 1,138 Other 68 77 449 ( 295 ) Total income tax provision $ 4,055 $ 6,727 $ 14,196 $ 18,582 In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible pursuant to ASC 740. The Company considers the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company’s evaluation of the realizability of deferred tax assets must consider both positive and negative evidence. The weight given to the potential effects of positive and negative evidence is based on the extent to which it can be objectively verified. Based upon these considerations, the Company determined the necessary valuation allowance as of September 30, 2024. The Company has filed tax returns in many states. Federal, New York State, New York City, and Utah State tax filings of the Company for the tax years 2020 through the present are the more significant filings that are open for examination. Page 24 of 61 (8) STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED STOCK The Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 15, 2018. The terms of 2018 Plan provide for grants of a variety of different type of stock awards to the Company’s employees and non-employee directors, including options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance share units, and stock appreciation rights, etc. On April 22, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2018 Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for issuance thereunder, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 19, 2020, and subsequently on April 26, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an additional amendment to the 2018 Plan to further increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for issuance thereunder, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 14, 2022. A total of 5,710,968 shares of the Company’s common stock are issuable under the 2018 Plan, and 1,375,031 remained issuable as of September 30, 2024. Awards under the 2018 Plan are subject to certain limitations as set forth in the 2018 Plan, which will terminate when all shares of common stock authorized for delivery have been delivered and the forfeiture restrictions on all awards have lapsed, or by action of the Board of Directors pursuant to the 2018 Plan, whichever occurs first. The Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2015 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan, or the 2015 Director Plan, on March 12, 2015, which was approved by the Company’s shareholders on June 5, 2015, and on which exemptive relief to implement the 2015 Director Plan was received from the SEC on February 29, 2016. A total of 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were issuable under the 2015 Director Plan, and 258,334 remained issuable as of June 15, 2018. Effective June 15, 2018, the 2018 Plan was approved, and these remaining shares were rolled into the 2018 Plan. Under the 2015 Director Plan, unless otherwise determined by a committee of the Board of Directors comprised of directors who are not eligible for grants under the 2015 Director Plan, the Company granted options to purchase 12,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to a non-employee director upon election to the Board of Directors, with an adjustment for directors who were elected to serve less than a full term. The option price per share could not be less than the current market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option was granted. Options granted under the 2015 Director Plan vested annually, as defined in the 2015 Director Plan. The term of the options could not exceed ten years . The Company’s Board of Directors approved the First Amended and Restated 2006 Director Plan, or the Amended Director Plan, on April 16, 2009, which was approved by the Company’s shareholders on June 5, 2009, and on which exemptive relief to implement the Amended Director Plan was received from the SEC on July 17, 2012. A total of 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were issuable under the Amended Director Plan. No additional shares are available for issuance under the Amended Director Plan. Under the Amended Director Plan, unless otherwise determined by a committee of the Board of Directors comprised of directors who are not eligible for grants under the Amended Director Plan, the Company would grant options to purchase 9,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to an Eligible Director upon election to the Board of Directors, with an adjustment for directors who were elected to serve less than a full term. The option price per share could not be less than the current market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option was granted. Options granted under the Amended Director Plan vested annually, as defined in the Amended Director Plan. The term of the options could not exceed ten years . Additional shares are only available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan. At September 30, 2024 , 935,456 options on the Company’s common stock were outstanding under the Company’s plans, of which 848,069 options were vested. Additionally, as of September 30, 2024 , there were 876,444 unvested shares of restricted stock, 512,131 unvested performance stock units, 93,486 unvested restricted stock units, and 237,215 vested restricted stock units under the 2018 Plan. The fair value of each restricted stock grant is determined on the date of grant by the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. There were no options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. During 2023, the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors began granting performance stock units, or PSUs, to certain officers and employees of the Company. Granted PSUs are subject to specified performance criteria for a particular performance period. The number of PSUs that vest can range from zero to 200 % of the grant amount. In addition, dividends that accrue during the vesting period are reinvested in dividend equivalent PSUs. PSUs and the related dividend equivalent PSUs are converted into shares of common stock after vesting. Once the PSUs and dividend equivalent PSUs have vested, shares of common stock are delivered. Page 25 of 61 The following table presents the PSU activity for the first, second, and third quarters of 2024 and the 2023 full year. The PSUs have vesting conditions based upon certain levels of total pre-tax income as well as return on common equity attained over a three-year period. The PSUs cliff vest after three years based upon the performance of the Company. Dividend equivalent PSUs accumulate and convert to additional shares for the benefit of the grantee at the vesting date or are forfeited if the performance conditions are not met. Number of Shares Grant Price Per Share Weighted Average Grant Price Outstanding at December 31, 2022 — $ — $ — Granted 296,444 6.08 6.08 Cancelled — — — Vested — — — Outstanding at December 31, 2023 296,444 $ 6.08 $ 6.08 Granted 215,687 8.97 8.97 Cancelled — — — Vested — — — Outstanding at March 31, 2024 512,131 $ 6.08 - 8.97 $ 7.30 Granted — — — Cancelled — — — Vested — — — Outstanding at June 30, 2024 512,131 $ 6.08 - 8.97 $ 7.30 Granted — — — Cancelled — — — Vested — — — Outstanding at September 30, 2024 512,131 $ 6.08 - 8.97 $ 7.30 The following table presents the activity for the restricted stock programs for the first, second, and third quarters of 2024 and the 2023 full year. Number of Shares Grant Price Per Share Weighted Average Grant Price Outstanding at December 31, 2022 857,288 $ 4.89 - 7.25 $ 7.27 Granted 399,793 7.67 - 9.37 8.34 Cancelled ( 12,807 ) 4.89 - 8.40 7.24 Vested (1) ( 248,898 ) 4.89 - 7.68 7.10 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 995,376 $ 4.89 - 9.37 $ 7.74 Granted 296,178 8.97 8.97 Cancelled ( 1,208 ) 6.86 - 9.37 8.13 Vested (1) ( 400,985 ) 4.89 - 8.40 7.69 Outstanding at March 31, 2024 (2) 889,361 $ 4.89 - 9.37 $ 8.18 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 1,696 ) 4.89 - 9.37 7.88 Vested — — — Outstanding at June 30, 2024 (2) 887,665 $ 4.89 - 9.37 $ 8.18 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 11,221 ) 4.89 - 9.37 7.74 Vested — — — Outstanding at September 30, 2024 (2) 876,444 $ 4.89 - 9.37 $ 8.18 (1) The aggregate fair value of the restricted stock vested was $ 2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $ 2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 . (2) The aggregate fair value of the restricted stock was $ 7.1 million as of September 30, 2024 . The remaining vesting period was 2.4 years at September 30, 2024 . Page 26 of 61 The following table presents the activity for the stock option programs for the first, second, and third quarters of 2024 and the 2023 full year. Number of Options Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2022 1,061,849 $ 2.14 - 9.38 $ 6.51 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 33,382 ) 4.89 - 9.38 6.80 Exercised (1) ( 68,945 ) 4.89 - 7.25 6.44 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 959,522 $ 2.14 - 9.38 $ 6.51 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 85 ) 4.89 4.89 Exercised (1) ( 13,383 ) 4.89 - 7.25 6.61 Outstanding at March 31, 2024 (2) 946,054 $ 2.14 - 9.38 $ 6.51 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 146 ) 4.89 4.89 Exercised (1) ( 2,867 ) 4.89 - 7.25 6.14 Outstanding at June 30, 2024 (2) 943,041 $ 2.14 - 9.38 $ 6.51 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 1,733 ) — — Exercised (1) ( 5,852 ) — Outstanding at September 30, 2024 (2) 935,456 $ 2.14 - 9.38 $ 6.51 Options exercisable at: December 31, 2023 697,647 $ 2.14 - 9.38 $ 6.51 September 30, 2024 (2) 848,069 $ 2.14 - 9.38 $ 6.52 (1) The aggregate intrinsic value of exercised options, which represents the difference between the price of the Company’s common stock at the exercise date and the related exercise price of the underlying options, was less than $ 0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and was $ 0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 . (2) The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options, which represents the difference between the price of the Company’s common stock at September 30, 2024 and the related exercise price of the underlying options, was $ 1.5 million for outstanding options and $ 1.4 million for vested options. The remaining contractual life was 5.4 years for outstanding options and 5.3 years for vested options at September 30, 2024 . The following table presents the activity for the unvested options outstanding under the plans described above for the 2024 first, second, and third quarters. Number of Options Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2023 261,875 $ 4.89 - 7.25 $ 6.49 Granted — — — Cancelled — — — Vested (1) ( 173,430 ) 4.89 - 7.25 6.56 Outstanding at March 31, 2024 88,445 $ 4.89 - 6.79 $ 6.37 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 146 ) 4.89 4.89 Vested (1) — — — Outstanding at June 30, 2024 88,299 $ 4.89 - 6.79 $ 6.37 Granted — — — Cancelled ( 912 ) 4.89 4.89 Vested — — — Outstanding at September 30, 2024 87,387 $ 4.89 - 7.25 $ 6.49 (1) The intrinsic value of the options vested was $ 0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 , the Company granted 92,350 restricted stock units, or RSUs, with a vesting date of June 11, 2025 at a grant price of $ 8.23 and during the year ended December 31, 2023 , granted 83,158 RSUs which vested on June 22, 2024 at a grant price of $ 9.14 . For the RSUs granted in 2024 and 2023, unit holders had the option of deferring settlement until a future date if the recipient makes a formal election under the guidelines of IRC Section 409A. As of September 30, 2024 , there were 330,701 RSUs outstanding, including 237,215 which had previously vested. Page 27 of 61 (9) SEGMENT REPORTING The Company has five business segments, which include four lending segments and one non-operating segment, which are reflective of how Company management makes decisions about its business and operations. The four lending segments reflect the main types of lending performed at the Company, which are recreation, home improvement, commercial, and taxi medallion lending. The recreation and home improvement lending segments are operated by the Bank and loans are made to borrowers residing nationwide. The recreation lending segment is a consumer finance business that works with third-party dealers and financial service providers for the purpose of financing RVs, boats, collector cars, and other consumer recreational equipment, of which RVs, boats, and collector cars make up 55 % , 20 % , and 11 % of the segment portfolio, with no other product lines equal to or exceeding 10 %, as of September 30, 2024. The highest concentrations of recreation loans are in Texas and Florida at 16 % and 10 % of loans outstanding and with no other states at or above 10 % as of September 30, 2024. The home improvement lending segment works with contractors and financial service providers to finance residential home improvement with the largest product lines being roofs, swimming pools, and windows at 38 % , 24 % , and 13 % of total home improvement loans outstanding, and with no other product lines exceeding 10 % as of September 30, 2024. The highest concentrations of home improvement loans are in Texas and Florida both at 11 % of loans outstanding and with no other states at or above 10 % as of September 30, 2024. The commercial lending segment focuses on serving a wide variety of industries, with concentrations in manufacturing, construction, and wholesale trade making up 55 % , 14 % , and 11 % of the loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024, with no other product lines exceeding 10 % as of September 30, 2024. The commercial lending segment invests across the United States with concentrations in California, Wisconsin, and Texas each having 30 % , 11 % , and 10 % of the segment portfolio, and no other states having a concentration at or greater than 10 % as of September 30, 2024. The taxi medallion lending segment arose in connection with the financing of taxi medallions, taxis, and related assets, primarily all of which are located in the New York City metropolitan area as of September 30, 2024. The Company's corporate and other investments segment is a non-operating segment that includes items not allocated to the Company's operating segments such as investment securities, equity investments, intercompany eliminations, and other corporate elements. As part of segment reporting, capital ratios for all operating segments have been normalized as a percentage of consolidated total equity divided by total assets, with the net adjustment applied to corporate and other investments. In addition, the commercial segment primarily represents the mezzanine lending business, with certain legacy commercial loans (immaterial to total) allocated to corporate and other investments. Page 28 of 61 The following tables present segment data as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Consumer Lending (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Lending Taxi Medallion Lending Corporate and Other Investments Consolidated Total interest income $ 51,443 $ 19,008 $ 3,761 $ 184 $ 2,013 $ 76,409 Total interest expense 12,566 7,033 1,063 30 2,980 23,672 Net interest income (loss) 38,877 11,975 2,698 154 ( 967 ) 52,737 Provision (benefit) for credit losses 17,494 4,855 252 ( 2,450 ) — 20,151 Net interest income (loss) after loss provision 21,383 7,120 2,446 2,604 ( 967 ) 32,586 Other income (loss), net 200 2 ( 414 ) 321 478 587 Operating (expenses) income ( 11,853 ) ( 5,746 ) ( 1,235 ) ( 1,444 ) 1,283 ( 18,995 ) Net income before taxes 9,730 1,376 797 1,481 794 14,178 Income tax provision ( 2,810 ) ( 290 ) ( 159 ) ( 457 ) ( 339 ) ( 4,055 ) Net income after taxes $ 6,920 $ 1,086 $ 638 $ 1,024 $ 455 $ 10,123 Income attributable to the non-controlling interest 1,512 Total net income attributable to Medallion Financial Corp. $ 8,611 Balance Sheet Data Total loans $ 1,554,629 $ 814,071 $ 110,143 $ 3,243 $ 3,193 $ 2,485,279 Total assets 1,505,400 798,261 105,232 6,208 464,951 2,880,052 Total funds borrowed 1,253,224 664,541 87,604 5,168 387,066 2,397,603 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 1.81 % 0.55 % 2.41 % 50.54 % 0.41 % 1.43 % Return on average stockholders' equity * * * * * 9.61 Return on average equity 13.35 3.86 16.38 302.61 2.57 9.46 Interest yield 13.34 9.51 13.57 21.96 NM 11.75 Net interest margin, gross 10.08 5.99 9.74 18.38 NM 8.11 Net interest margin, net of allowance 10.55 6.14 10.19 30.60 NM 8.42 Reserve coverage 4.53 2.42 4.64 39.78 NM 3.88 Delinquency status (1) 0.50 0.19 7.39 — NM 0.72 Charge-off (recovery) ratio (2) 3.18 1.76 — ( 279.58 ) NM 2.18 (1) Loans 90 days or more past due. (2) Negative balances indicate net recoveries for the period. (NM) Not meaningful. (*) Line item is not applicable to segments. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Consumer Lending (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Lending Taxi Medallion Lending Corporate and Other Investments Consolidated Total interest income $ 142,860 $ 54,106 $ 10,944 $ 514 $ 5,759 $ 214,183 Total interest expense 33,171 18,773 3,217 83 8,417 63,661 Net interest income (loss) 109,689 35,333 7,727 431 ( 2,658 ) 150,522 Provision (benefit) for credit losses 50,319 9,032 946 ( 4,368 ) — 55,929 Net interest income (loss) after loss provision 59,370 26,301 6,781 4,799 ( 2,658 ) 94,593 Other income, net 756 7 3,774 1,294 1,258 7,089 Operating expenses ( 31,376 ) ( 15,317 ) ( 3,657 ) ( 3,560 ) ( 3,305 ) ( 57,215 ) Net income (loss) before taxes 28,750 10,991 6,898 2,533 ( 4,705 ) 44,467 Income tax (provision) benefit ( 9,178 ) ( 3,509 ) ( 2,202 ) ( 809 ) 1,502 ( 14,196 ) Net income (loss) after taxes $ 19,572 $ 7,482 $ 4,696 $ 1,724 $ ( 3,203 ) $ 30,271 Income attributable to the non-controlling interest 4,535 Total net income attributable to Medallion Financial Corp. $ 25,736 Balance Sheet Data Total loans $ 1,554,629 $ 814,071 $ 110,143 $ 3,243 $ 3,193 $ 2,485,279 Total assets 1,505,400 798,261 105,232 6,208 464,951 2,880,052 Total funds borrowed 1,253,224 664,541 87,604 5,168 387,066 2,397,603 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 1.87 % 1.31 % 5.92 % 26.64 % ( 0.96 )% 1.51 % Return on average stockholders' equity * * * * * 9.79 Return on average equity 12.78 8.69 38.63 155.33 ( 6.24 ) 9.62 Interest yield 13.32 9.38 13.20 20.59 NM 11.54 Net interest margin, gross 10.23 6.12 9.32 16.65 NM 8.11 Net interest margin, net of allowance 10.65 6.26 9.69 27.99 NM 8.41 Reserve coverage 4.53 2.42 4.64 39.78 NM 3.88 Delinquency status (1) 0.50 0.19 7.39 — NM 0.72 Charge-off (recovery) ratio (2) 3.48 1.78 ( 0.02 ) ( 159.26 ) NM 2.51 (1) Loans 90 days or more past due. (2) Negative balances indicate net recoveries for the period. (NM) Not meaningful. (*) Line item is not applicable to segments. Page 29 of 61 The following tables present segment data as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Three Months September 30, 2023 Consumer Lending (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Lending Taxi Medallion Lending Corporate and Other Investments Consolidated Total interest income $ 44,341 $ 16,578 $ 3,248 $ 342 $ 1,377 $ 65,886 Total interest expense (income) 8,770 5,187 921 ( 69 ) 2,293 17,102 Net interest income (loss) 35,571 11,391 2,327 411 ( 916 ) 48,784 Provision (benefit) for credit losses 11,877 3,860 621 ( 1,772 ) ( 54 ) 14,532 Net interest income (loss) after loss provision 23,694 7,531 1,706 2,183 ( 862 ) 34,252 Other income, net 128 1 2,322 1,404 451 4,306 Operating expenses ( 8,637 ) ( 4,433 ) ( 1,129 ) ( 1,421 ) ( 3,469 ) ( 19,089 ) Net income (loss) before taxes 15,185 3,099 2,899 2,166 ( 3,880 ) 19,469 Income tax (provision) benefit ( 5,169 ) ( 1,051 ) ( 907 ) ( 955 ) 1,355 ( 6,727 ) Net income (loss) after taxes $ 10,016 $ 2,048 $ 1,992 $ 1,211 $ ( 2,525 ) $ 12,742 Income attributable to the non-controlling interest 1,512 Total net income attributable to Medallion Financial Corp. $ 11,230 Balance Sheet Data Total loans, gross $ 1,346,440 $ 750,508 $ 100,322 $ 3,927 $ 1,841 $ 2,203,038 Total assets 1,307,860 739,452 97,298 17,258 396,759 2,558,627 Total funds borrowed 1,074,592 607,565 79,944 14,180 323,638 2,099,919 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 3.01 % 1.11 % 8.12 % 26.70 % ( 2.56 )% 2.01 % Return on average stockholders' equity * * * * * 13.80 Return on average equity 19.50 7.21 52.31 172.77 ( 16.56 ) 12.89 Interest yield 13.12 8.88 13.05 35.22 NM 11.28 Net interest margin, gross 10.53 6.10 9.35 42.32 NM 8.35 Net interest margin, net of allowance 10.99 6.24 9.61 77.54 NM 8.64 Reserve coverage 4.24 2.31 3.10 42.97 NM 3.59 Delinquency status (1) 0.45 0.13 0.07 — NM 0.32 Charge-off (recovery) ratio (2) 2.67 1.61 — ( 172.06 ) NM 1.88 (1) Loans 90 days or more past due. (2) Negative balances indicate net recoveries for the period. (NM) Not meaningful. (*) Line item is not applicable to segments. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Consumer Lending (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Lending Taxi Medallion Lending Corporate and Other Investments Consolidated Total interest income $ 123,349 $ 45,519 $ 8,763 $ 1,439 $ 4,385 $ 183,455 Total interest expense 22,254 12,660 2,582 44 6,839 44,379 Net interest income (loss) 101,095 32,859 6,181 1,395 ( 2,454 ) 139,076 Provision (benefit) for credit losses 29,763 10,680 835 ( 14,167 ) ( 66 ) 27,045 Net interest income (loss) after loss provision 71,332 22,179 5,346 15,562 ( 2,388 ) 112,031 Other income, net 128 4 2,936 4,327 937 8,332 Operating expenses ( 24,884 ) ( 12,815 ) ( 2,696 ) ( 4,191 ) ( 11,898 ) ( 56,484 ) Net income (loss) before taxes 46,576 9,368 5,586 15,698 ( 13,349 ) 63,879 Income tax (provision) benefit ( 13,549 ) ( 2,725 ) ( 1,625 ) ( 4,567 ) 3,884 ( 18,582 ) Net income (loss) after taxes $ 33,027 $ 6,643 $ 3,961 $ 11,131 $ ( 9,465 ) $ 45,297 Income attributable to the non-controlling interest 4,536 Total net income attributable to Medallion Financial Corp. $ 40,761 Balance Sheet Data Total loans, gross $ 1,346,440 $ 750,508 $ 100,322 $ 3,927 $ 1,841 $ 2,203,038 Total assets 1,307,860 739,452 97,298 17,258 396,759 2,558,627 Total funds borrowed 1,074,592 607,565 79,944 14,180 323,638 2,099,919 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 3.56 % 1.30 % 5.33 % 73.52 % ( 3.31 )% 2.52 % Return on average stockholders' equity * * * * * 17.49 Return on average equity 22.56 8.21 33.61 463.36 ( 20.93 ) 15.90 Interest yield 13.03 8.76 12.11 29.27 NM 11.10 Net interest margin, gross 10.68 6.32 8.55 28.38 NM 8.42 Net interest margin, net of allowance 11.14 6.46 8.79 72.66 NM 8.71 Reserve coverage 4.24 2.31 3.10 42.97 NM 3.59 Delinquency status (1) 0.45 0.13 0.07 — NM 0.32 Charge-off (recovery) ratio (2) 2.61 1.20 1.23 ( 130.08 ) NM 1.65 (1) Loans 90 days or more past due. (2) Negative balances indicate net recoveries for the period. (NM) Not meaningful. (*) Line item is not applicable to segments. Page 30 of 61 (10) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (A) EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS The Company has employment agreements with certain key officers, including Mr. Alvin Murstein and Mr. Andrew Murstein, for either a one-, two-, three-, or five-year term. Typically, the contracts with a one- or two-year term will renew for new one- or two-year terms unless prior to the term either the Company or the executive provides notice to the other party of its intention not to extend the employment period beyond the current one or two-year term (as applicable); however, in addition to Mr. Andrew Murstein's employment agreement, as further described below, there is currently one agreement that renews after two years for additional one-year terms and one agreement with a three-year term that does not have a renewal period. In the event of a change in control, as defined, during the employment period, the agreements provide for severance compensation to the executive in an amount equal to the balance of the salary, bonus, and value of fringe benefits which the executive would be entitled to receive for the remainder of the employment period. On April 25, 2023, Mr. Alvin Murstein, the Company’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, notified the Company of his election not to renew the term of his employment pursuant to the First Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated May 29, 1998, as amended, between him and the Company. Accordingly, the term of his employment as Chief Executive Officer of the Company will expire on May 28, 2027, unless sooner terminated in accordance with the provisions thereof. In addition, on April 27, 2023, Mr. Andrew Murstein, the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer, entered into an amendment to the First Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated May 29, 1998, as amended, between him and the Company. Pursuant to such amendment, effective as of May 29, 2023, (i) the expiration of his then current term of employment shall be revised to end on May 28, 2027, and (ii) on May 29, 2024, and on each May 29 thereafter, such term of employment shall automatically renew each year for a three-year term unless, prior to the end of the first year of the then-applicable three-year term, either Mr. Murstein or the Company provides at least 30 days’ advance notice to the other party of its intention not to renew the then-applicable term of employment for a new three-year term, in each case unless such employment term is otherwise terminated pursuant to the terms thereof. As of September 30, 2024 , employment agreements expire at various dates through 2027 , with future minimum payments under these agreements of approximately $ 8.8 million. (B) OTHER COMMITMENTS As of September 30, 2024 , the Company had no other commitments. Generally, any commitments would be on the same terms as loans to or investments in existing borrowers or investees, and generally have fixed expiration dates. Since some commitments would be expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. (C) SEC LITIGATION On December 29, 2021, the SEC filed a civil complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and its President and Chief Operating Officer alleging certain violations of the anti-fraud, books and records, internal controls and anti-touting provisions of the federal securities laws. The litigation relates to certain issues that occurred during the period 2015 to 2017, including (i) the Company’s retention of third parties in 2015 and 2016 concerning posting information about the Company on certain financial websites and (ii) the Company’s financial reporting and disclosures concerning certain assets, including Medallion Bank, in 2016 and 2017, a period when the Company had previously reported as a business development company (BDC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Since April 2018, the Company does not report as a BDC, and has not worked with such third parties since 2016. The Company does not expect to change previously reported financial results. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on March 22, 2022, the SEC filed an amended complaint on April 26, 2022 and the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 5, 2022. On September 18, 2024, the Court largely denied the Company’s motion to dismiss, other than one claim that was dismissed. The deadline for the Company to file its answer to the amended complaint is November 15, 2024. The SEC is seeking injunctive relief, disgorgement plus pre-judgment interest and civil penalties in amounts unspecified, as well as an officer and director bar against the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer. The Company and its President and Chief Operating Officer intend to defend themselves vigorously and believe that the SEC will not prevail on its claims. Nevertheless, depending on the outcome of the litigation, the Company could incur a loss and other penalties that could be material to the Company, its results of operations and/or financial condition, as well as a bar against its President and Chief Operating Officer. In addition, the Company has and expects to further incur significant legal fees and expenses in defending against such charges by the SEC and the Company may be subject to shareholder litigation relating to these SEC matters. Page 31 of 61 (D) OTHER LITIGATION AND REGULATORY MATTERS The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to inquiries from certain regulators and are currently involved in various legal proceedings incident to the normal course of business, including collection matters with respect to certain loans. The Company intends to vigorously defend any outstanding claims and pursue its legal rights. In the opinion of management, based on the advice of legal counsel, except for the pending SEC litigation, as described above, there is no proceeding pending, or to the knowledge of management threatened, which in the event of an adverse decision could result in a material adverse impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. (11) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Certain directors, officers, and stockholders of the Company are also directors and officers of its main consolidated subsidiaries, MFC, Medallion Capital, FSVC, and the Bank, as well as other subsidiaries. Officer salaries are set by the Board of Directors of the Company. Jeffrey Rudnick, the son of one of the Company’s directors, serves as the Company’s Senior Vice President at a salary of $ 260,988 per year, an increase from $ 250,950 per year in 2023 . Mr. Rudnick received an annual cash bonus of $ 95,000 and $ 85,000 as well as an equity bonus in the amount of $ 52,000 and $ 50,000 , during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 . (12) FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” requires disclosure of fair value information about certain financial instruments, whether assets, liabilities, or off-balance-sheet commitments, if practicable. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument. Fair value estimates that were derived from broker quotes cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instrument. (a) Cash and cash equivalents – Book value equals fair value. (b) Equity securities – The Company’s equity securities are recorded at cost less impairment plus or minus observable price changes. (c) Investment securities – The Company’s investments are recorded at the estimated fair value of such investments. (d) Loans receivable – A discounted cash flow method under the income approach is utilized to estimate the market value of the loan portfolio. The discounted cash flow method relies upon assumptions about the amount and timing of scheduled principal and interest payments, principal prepayments, and current market rates. The loan portfolio is aggregated into categories based on loan type and credit quality. For each loan category, weighted average statistics, such as coupon rate, age, and remaining term are calculated. These are Level 3 valuations. Prior to the second quarter of 2024, fair value was reported as approximating book value. (e) Floating rate borrowings – Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, the carrying amount approximates fair value. (f) Commitments to extend credit – The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and present creditworthiness of the counter parties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also includes a consideration of the difference between the current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of these off-balance-sheet instruments was not material. (g) Fixed rate borrowings – The fair value f or certificates of deposit is estimated by using discounted cash flow analyses, based on market spreads to benchmark rates, and are considered Level 2 valuations. Prior to the second quarter of 2024, fair value was reported as approximating book value. September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value Financial assets Cash, cash equivalents, and federal funds sold (1) $ 187,929 $ 187,929 $ 149,845 $ 149,845 Equity investments 9,897 9,897 11,430 11,430 Investment securities 56,754 56,754 54,282 54,282 Loans receivable 2,388,761 2,395,235 2,131,651 2,131,651 Accrued interest receivable (2) 14,108 14,108 13,538 13,538 Equity securities (3) 1,785 1,785 1,748 1,748 Financial liabilities Funds borrowed 2,397,603 2,428,246 2,118,689 2,118,689 Accrued interest payable (2) 6,888 6,888 6,822 6,822 (1) Categorized as level 1 within the fair value hierarchy, excluding $ 1.3 million in interest bearing deposits categorized as level 2 as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . See Note 13. (2) Categorized as level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 13. (3) Included within other assets on the balance sheet. Page 32 of 61 (13) FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 820, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value, and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. In accordance with FASB ASC 820, the Company has categorized its assets and liabilities measured at fair value, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3). The Company's assessment and classification of an investment within a level can change over time based upon maturity or liquidity of the investment and would be reflected at the beginning of the quarter in which the change occurred. As required by FASB ASC 820, when the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. For example, a level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are observable (levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (level 3). Therefore, gains and losses for such assets and liabilities categorized within the level 3 table below may include changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable inputs (levels 1 and 2) and unobservable inputs (level 3). Assets and liabilities measured at fair value, recorded on the consolidated balance sheets, are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows: Level 1. Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company has the ability to access (examples include active exchange-traded equity securities, exchange-traded derivatives, most U.S. Government and agency securities, and certain other sovereign government obligations). Level 2. Assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following: a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets (for example, restricted stock); b) Quoted price for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets (for example, corporate and municipal bonds, which trade infrequently); c) Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability (examples include most over-the-counter derivatives, including interest rate and currency swaps); and d) Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data through correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability (examples include certain residential and commercial mortgage-related assets, including loans, securities, and derivatives). Level 3. Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the assets or liability (examples include certain private equity investments, and certain residential and commercial mortgage-related assets, including loans, securities, and derivatives). A review of fair value hierarchy classification is conducted on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification for certain assets or liabilities. Reclassifications impacting level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are reported as transfers in/out of the level 3 category as of the beginning of the quarter in which the reclassifications occur. Equity investments were recorded at cost less impairment plus or minus observable price changes. Commencing in 2020, the Company elected to measure equity investments at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Page 33 of 61 The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets Interest-bearing deposits $ — $ 1,250 $ — $ 1,250 Investment securities (1) — 56,754 — 56,754 Equity securities 1,785 — — 1,785 Total $ 1,785 $ 58,004 $ — $ 59,789 (1) Total unrealized gain of $ 1.5 million and unrealized loss of less than $ 1.4 million, net of tax, related to these assets was included in other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 . December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets Interest-bearing deposits $ — $ 1,250 $ — $ 1,250 Investment securities (1) — 54,282 — 54,282 Equity securities 1,748 — — 1,748 Total $ 1,748 $ 55,532 $ — $ 57,280 (1) Total unrealized losses of $ 0.3 million, net of tax, related to these assets was included in other comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 . The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets Equity investments $ — $ — $ 9,897 $ 9,897 Nonaccrual loans — — 23,985 23,985 Loan collateral in process of foreclosure — — 8,818 8,818 Total $ — $ — $ 42,700 $ 42,700 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets Equity investments $ — $ — $ 11,430 $ 11,430 Nonaccrual loans — — 25,974 25,974 Loan collateral in process of foreclosure — — 11,772 11,772 Total $ — $ — $ 49,176 $ 49,176 Significant Unobservable Inputs ASC Topic 820 requires disclosure of quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities classified as level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The tables below are not intended to be all-inclusive, but rather to provide information on significant unobservable inputs and valuation techniques used by the Company. Page 34 of 61 The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in non-recurring level 3 fair value measurements of assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) Fair Value at September 30, 2024 Valuation Techniques Unobservable Inputs Range (Weighted Average) Equity investments $ 9,624 Investee financial analysis Financial condition and operating performance of the borrower (1) N/A Collateral support N/A 273 Precedent market transaction Offering price $ 8.73 / share Nonaccrual loans 23,985 Market approach Historical and actual loss experience 0.00 % - 58.96 % Transfer prices (2) $ 0.0 - 79.5 Collateral value N/A Loan collateral in process of foreclosure 8,818 Market approach Transfer prices (2) $ 0.0 - 79.5 Collateral value (3) $ 2.3 - $ 49.1 (1) Includes projections based on revenue, EBITDA, leverage, and liquidation amounts. These assumptions are based on a variety of factors, including economic conditions, industry, and market developments, market valuations of comparable companies, and company-specific developments, including exit strategies and realization opportunities. (2) Represents amount net of liquidation costs. (3) Relates to the recreation loan portfolio. (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) Fair Value at December 31, 2023 Valuation Techniques Unobservable Inputs Range (Weighted Average) Equity investments $ 11,157 Investee financial analysis Financial condition and operating performance of the borrower (1) N/A Collateral support N/A 273 Precedent market transaction Offering price $ 8.73 / share Nonaccrual loans 25,974 Market approach Historical and actual loss experience 0.00 % - 28.48 % Transfer prices (2) $ 0.0 - $ 79.5 Collateral value N/A Loan collateral in process of foreclosure 11,772 Market approach Transfer prices (2) $ 0.0 - $ 79.5 Collateral value (3) $ 2.3 - $ 45.0 (1) Includes projections based on revenue, EBITDA, leverage, and liquidation amounts. These assumptions are based on a variety of factors, including economic conditions, industry, and market developments, market valuations of comparable companies, and company-specific developments, including exit strategies and realization opportunities. (2) Represents amount net of liquidation costs. (3) Relates to the recreation loan portfolio. (14) MEDALLION BANK PREFERRED STOCK (Non-controlling interest) On December 17, 2019, the Bank closed an initial public offering of 1,840,000 shares of its Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, with a $ 46.0 million aggregate liquidation amount, yielding net proceeds of $ 42.5 million, which were recorded in the Bank’s shareholders’ equity. Dividends are payable quarterly from the date of issuance to, but excluding April 1, 2025, at a rate of 8 % per annum, and from and including April 1, 2025, at a floating rate equal to a benchmark rate (which is expected to be the three month Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR ) plus a spread of 6.46 % per annum. On July 21, 2011, the Bank issued, and the U.S. Treasury purchased , 26,303 shares of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E for an aggregate purchase price of $ 26.3 million under the Small Business Lending Fund Program, or SBLF, with a liquidation amount of $ 1,000 per share. The SBLF is a voluntary program intended to encourage small business lending by providing capital to qualified smaller banks at favorable rates. The Bank pays a dividend rate of 9 % on the Series E. (15) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS The Company has evaluated the effects of events that have occurred subsequent to September 30, 2024 through the date of financial statement issuance for potential recognition or disclosure. As of such date, there were no subsequent events that required recognition or disclosure. Page 35 of 61 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023. This section is intended to provide management’s perspective of our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, this section contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to the inherent uncertainties in predicting future results and conditions. Certain factors that could cause actual results and conditions to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements are described in the Risk Factors section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. COMPANY BACKGROUND We are a specialty finance company whose focus and growth has been our consumer finance and commercial lending businesses operated by Medallion Bank, or the Bank, and Medallion Capital, Inc., or Medallion Capital. The Bank is a wholly-owned subsidiary that originates consumer loans for the purchase of recreational vehicles, boats, collector cars, and home improvements, and provides loan origination and other services to fintech partners. Medallion Capital is a wholly-owned subsidiary that originates commercial loans through its mezzanine financing business. As of September 30, 2024, our consumer loans represented 95% of our gross loan portfolio, and commercial loans represented 4%. Total assets were $2.9 billion and $2.6 billion as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Our loan-related earnings depend primarily on our level of net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between the total yield on our loan portfolio and the cost of borrowed funds. We fund our operations through a wide variety of interest-bearing sources, including bank certificates of deposit issued to consumers, debentures issued to and guaranteed by the SBA, privately placed notes, trust preferred securities, and Federal Reserve discount window and other borrowing arrangements. Net interest income fluctuates with changes in the yield on our loan portfolios and changes in the cost of borrowed funds, as well as changes in the amount of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities held by us. Net interest income is also affected by economic, regulatory, and competitive factors that influence interest rates, loan demand, and the availability of funding to finance our lending activities. We, like other financial institutions, are subject to interest rate risk to the degree that our interest-earning assets reprice, either due to inflation or other factors, on a different basis than our interest-bearing liabilities. We continue to monitor global supply chain disruptions, gas prices, labor shortages, unemployment, as well as other factors which contribute to competition and changes in the demand for our loan products. We have taken, and are taking further, steps in light of a potential economic downturn and the current inflationary environment to moderate the pace of our growth. We also provide debt, mezzanine, and equity investment capital to companies in a variety of commercial industries. These investments may be venture capital style investments which may not be fully collateralized. Our investments are typically in the form of secured debt instruments with fixed interest rates accompanied by an equity stake or warrants to purchase an equity interest for a nominal exercise price (such warrants are included in equity investments on the consolidated balance sheets). Interest income is earned on the debt instruments. The Bank is an industrial bank regulated by the FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions that originates consumer loans, raises deposits, and conducts other banking activities. The Bank generally provides us with our lowest cost of funds which it raises through bank certificates of deposit. To take advantage of this low cost of funds, historically we referred a portion of our taxi medallion and commercial loans to the Bank, which originated these loans, and have since been serviced by Medallion Servicing Corp., or MSC. However, other than in connection with dispositions of existing taxi medallion and related assets, the Bank has not originated any new taxi medallion loans since 2014 (and Medallion Financial Corp. has not originated any new taxi medallion loans since 2015) and is working with MSC to service its remaining portfolio as it winds down. In 2019, the Bank launched a strategic partnership program to provide lending and other services to financial technology, or fintech, companies. The Bank entered into an initial partnership in 2020 and began issuing its first loans. The Bank continues to evaluate and launch additional partnership programs with fintech companies. We continue to consider various alternatives for the Bank, which may include an initial public offering of its common stock, the sale of all or part of the Bank, a spin-off or other potential transaction. We do not have a deadline for its consideration of these alternatives, and there can be no assurance that this process will result in any transaction being announced or consummated. Page 36 of 61 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Our accounting policies are fundamental to understanding management's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations. At September 30, 2024, we identified our policies for the allowance for credit losses, goodwill and intangible assets, and deferred taxes, to be critical accounting policies because management has to make subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. Our critical accounting policies are described in detail in Part I, Item 7 in Medallion Financial Corp.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and there have been no material changes in such policies and estimates since the date of such report. RECENTLY ISSUED AND ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS On January 1, 2023, we adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", or ASC 326, which replaced the incurred loss methodology that delayed recognition until it was probable a loss had been incurred with a lifetime expected loss methodology using "reasonable and supportable" expectations about the future, referred to as the current expected credit loss, or CECL, methodology. For consumer loans, we use historical delinquent loan performance and actual loss rates modified by quantitative adjustments based on macroeconomic factors over a twelve-month reasonable and supportable forecast period. For commercial loans, we assess the historical impact that macroeconomic indicators have had on the loan portfolio, to determine an approximate allowance for credit loss. Unlike consumer loans, where loans may have similar performing characteristics, each commercial loan is unique. We evaluate each commercial loan for specific impairment with additional allowance for credit losses recognized as necessary. For taxi medallion loans, we maintain specific reserves adjusting the carrying amount of loans down to net collateral value. The allowance is evaluated on a quarterly basis by management based on the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and size of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing economic conditions, and excess concentration risks. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates, including those based on changes in economic conditions, that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Credit losses are deducted from the allowance, and subsequent recoveries are added back to the allowance. We adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 are presented under ASC 326. The transition to the CECL methodology on January 1, 2023 resulted in an increase of $13.7 million to our allowance for credit losses on loans, or ACL, and a net-of-tax cumulative-effect adjustment of $9.9 million to the beginning balance of retained earnings. The CECL methodology transition effects on the allowance for credit losses are presented in the following table: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 Pre-Topic 326 Adoption Effect of ASC 326 Adoption (Transition Amounts) January 1, 2023 Post-ASC 326 Adoption Assets: Loans: Recreation $ 41,966 $ 10,037 $ 52,003 Home improvement 11,340 1,518 12,858 Commercial 1,049 2,157 3,206 Taxi medallion 9,490 — 9,490 Strategic partnership — — — Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 63,845 $ 13,712 $ 77,557 Prior to January 1, 2023, we used historical delinquency and actual loss rates with a three-year look-back period for taxi medallion loans and a one-year look-back period for recreation and home improvement loans and used historical loss experience and other projections for commercial loans. The allowance was evaluated on a quarterly basis by management based on the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and size of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing economic conditions, and excess concentration risks. This evaluation was inherently subjective, as it required estimates that were susceptible to significant revision as more information became available. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements. The amendments in this update seek to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements. The amendments in this update will be effective on the date on which the SEC’s removal of related disclosures from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K become effective, with early adoption prohibited. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, or Topic 280: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The main objective of this update is to improve financial reporting disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and to be included in interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are assessing the impact of the update on the accompanying financial statements. Page 37 of 61 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes, or Topic 740: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The main objective of this update is to provide transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this update are effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are assessing the impact of the update on the accompanying financial statements. CONTROL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS Because the Bank is an “insured depository institution” within the meaning of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the Change in Bank Control Act as well as Medallion Financial Corp. being a “financial institution holding company” within the meaning of the Utah Financial Institutions Act, federal and Utah law and regulations prohibit any person or company from acquiring control of the Bank or Medallion Financial Corp., without, in most cases, prior written approval of the FDIC or the Commissioner of the Utah Department of Financial Institutions, as applicable. Under the Change in Bank Control Act, control is conclusively presumed if, among other things, a person or company acquires 25% or more of any class of the Bank’s voting stock. A rebuttable presumption of control arises if a person or company acquires 10% or more of any class of voting stock and is subject to several specified “control factors” as set forth in the applicable regulations. Although the Bank is an “insured depository institution” within the meaning of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the Change in Bank Control Act, your investment in the Company is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC, or any other agency, and is subject to loss. Under the Utah Financial Institutions Act, control is defined as the power, directly or indirectly, or through or in concert with one or more persons to: (a) direct or exercise a controlling influence over (i) the management or policies of a financial institution or (ii) the election of a majority of the directors or trustees of an institution; or (b) to vote 25% or more of any class of voting securities of a financial institution. In addition, under Utah law, there is a rebuttable presumption that a person has control of a Utah financial institution if the person has the power, directly or indirectly, or through or in concert with one or more persons, to vote more than 10% but not less than 25% of any class of voting securities of a financial institution. If any holder of any series of the Bank’s preferred stock is or becomes entitled to vote for the election of the Bank’s directors, such series will be deemed a class of voting stock, and any other person will be required to obtain the non-objection of the FDIC under the Change in Bank Control Act to acquire or maintain 10% or more of that series. Investors are responsible for ensuring that they do not, directly or indirectly, acquire shares of our common stock in excess of the amount which can be acquired without regulatory approval. In addition to the regulations detailed above, our operations are subject to supervision and regulation by other federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Additionally, our operations may be subject to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions. This oversight may serve to: • regulate credit granting activities, including establishing licensing requirements, if any, in various jurisdictions; • establish maximum interest rates, finance charges and other charges; • require disclosures to customers; • govern secured transactions; • set collection, foreclosure, repossession, and claims handling procedures and other trade practices; • prohibit discrimination in the extension of credit and administration of loans; and • regulate the use and reporting of information related to a borrower’s credit experience and other data collection. Changes to laws of states in which we do business could affect the operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways. We cannot predict whether such changes will occur or, if they occur, the ultimate effect they would have upon our financial condition or results of operations. Page 38 of 61 AVERAGE BALANCES AND RATES The following table presents our consolidated average balance sheet, interest income and expense, and the average interest earning/bearing assets and liabilities, and which reflects the average yield on assets and average costs on liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Average Yield/Cost Average Balance Interest Average Yield/Cost Interest-earning assets Interest earning cash equivalents $ 34,880 $ 424 4.84 % $ 18,953 $ 216 4.52 % Federal funds sold 55,577 877 6.28 58,504 564 3.82 Investment securities 55,711 570 4.07 54,313 471 3.45 Loans Recreation 1,534,544 51,444 13.34 1,340,637 44,341 13.12 Home improvement 795,459 19,007 9.51 740,923 16,578 8.88 Commercial 110,224 3,816 13.77 98,721 3,248 13.05 Taxi medallion 3,334 173 20.64 3,853 342 35.32 Strategic partnerships 2,325 98 16.77 1,674 126 29.86 Total loans 2,445,886 74,538 12.12 2,185,808 64,635 11.73 Total interest-earning assets, before allowance 2,592,054 11.75 2,317,578 11.28 Allowance for credit losses (94,293 ) (77,460 ) Total interest-earning assets, net of allowance $ 2,497,761 $ 76,409 12.17 % $ 2,240,118 $ 65,886 11.66 % Non-interest-earning assets Cash 62,956 26,672 Equity investments 10,374 11,187 Loan collateral in process of foreclosure 8,996 16,358 Goodwill and intangible assets 170,493 171,938 Other assets 57,599 52,983 Total non-interest-earning assets 310,418 279,138 Total assets $ 2,808,179 $ 2,519,256 Interest-bearing liabilities Deposits $ 2,079,068 $ 19,193 3.67 % $ 1,842,602 $ 13,432 2.89 % Retail and privately placed notes 144,000 3,123 8.63 122,500 2,514 8.14 SBA debentures and borrowings 71,500 710 3.95 67,579 509 2.99 Trust preferred securities 33,000 646 7.79 33,000 647 7.78 Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,327,568 23,672 4.05 2,065,681 17,102 3.28 Non-interest-bearing liabilities Deferred tax liability 20,903 24,817 Other liabilities (1) 33,981 36,647 Total non-interest-bearing liabilities 54,884 61,464 Total liabilities 2,382,452 2,127,145 Non-controlling interest 69,166 69,166 Total stockholders’ equity 356,561 322,945 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 2,808,179 $ 2,519,256 Net interest income $ 52,737 $ 48,784 Net interest margin, gross 8.11 8.35 Net interest margin, net of allowance 8.42 % 8.64 % (1) Includes deferred financing costs of $8.4 million and $8.2 million as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. Page 39 of 61 The following table presents our consolidated average balance sheet, interest income and expense, and the average interest earning/bearing assets and liabilities, and which reflects the average yield on assets and average costs on liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Average Yield/Cost Average Balance Interest Average Yield/Cost Interest-earning assets Interest earning cash equivalents $ 31,428 $ 1,044 4.44 % $ 20,884 $ 542 3.47 % Federal funds sold 67,149 2,954 5.88 68,912 2,193 4.25 Investment securities 54,800 1,565 3.81 51,690 1,253 3.24 Loans Recreation 1,432,792 142,860 13.32 1,265,781 123,349 13.03 Home improvement 770,680 54,106 9.38 695,067 45,519 8.76 Commercial 110,717 10,946 13.21 96,709 8,851 12.24 Taxi medallion 3,458 493 19.04 6,572 1,439 29.27 Strategic partnerships 1,489 215 19.29 1,521 309 27.16 Total loans 2,319,136 208,620 12.02 2,065,650 179,467 11.62 Total interest-earning assets, before allowance 2,472,513 11.54 2,207,136 11.10 Allowance for credit losses (80,212 ) (74,260 ) Total interest-earning assets, net of allowance $ 2,392,301 $ 214,183 11.96 % $ 2,132,876 $ 183,455 11.49 % Non-interest-earning assets Cash 41,452 16,163 Equity investments 11,628 10,965 Loan collateral in process of foreclosure 9,934 18,688 Goodwill and intangible assets 170,854 172,299 Other assets 55,785 52,278 Total non-interest-earning assets 289,653 270,393 Total assets $ 2,681,954 $ 2,403,269 Interest-bearing liabilities Deposits $ 1,960,140 $ 50,470 3.44 % $ 1,738,155 $ 33,363 2.57 % Retail and privately placed notes 140,400 9,085 8.64 121,600 7,517 8.26 SBA debentures and borrowings 72,750 2,165 3.98 67,000 1,667 3.33 Trust preferred securities 33,000 1,941 7.86 33,000 1,832 7.42 Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,206,290 63,661 3.86 1,959,755 44,379 3.02 Non-interest-bearing liabilities Deferred tax liability 21,537 24,714 Other liabilities (1) 33,840 37,986 Total non-interest-bearing liabilities 55,377 62,700 Total liabilities 2,261,667 2,022,455 Non-controlling interest 69,241 69,241 Total stockholders’ equity 351,046 311,573 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 2,681,954 $ 2,403,269 Net interest income $ 150,522 $ 139,076 Net interest margin, gross 8.11 8.42 Net interest margin, net of allowance 8.41 % 8.71 % (1) Includes deferred financing costs of $8.4 million and $8.2 million as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, our loans receivable yielded 12.12%, as compared to 11.73% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The 39 basis point increase reflects a higher yield on our consumer and commercial loan portfolios, as we have increased the rates charged on new originations over the past year as prevailing market interest rates remained high. Similarly, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our loans receivable yielded 12.02%, as compared to 11.62% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. We have used the higher interest rate environment as an opportunity to both increase the rates on newly issued recreation and home improvement loans, which is expected to continue to increase the yield on these portfolios over time. Additionally, we have used the higher interest rate environment as an opportunity to increase the credit quality of our new issuances all while receiving a yield higher than what would typically be attainable in a lower interest rate environment. This is particularly the case in our recreation segment, with the average FICO scores, measured at origination, of our recreation loans outstanding being 685 as of September 30, 2024 compared to 682 as of September 30, 2023. We use weighted average FICO scores as an indicator of portfolio risk. Page 40 of 61 Our debt, with certificates of deposits being our largest source, funds our growing lending business. Our average interest cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 of 4.05% and 3.86% increased 77 and 84 basis points from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, attributable to the current higher interest rate environment, particularly the higher cost associated with our deposits. To the extent that prevailing market interest rates remain at current levels, we expect our cost of funds to continue to increase as we issue new certificates of deposit to replace maturing certificates of deposit and fund our growth. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we issued deposits for three-month certificates at rates as high as 4.95%, 4.65% for 36 month certificates, and 4.25% for 60 month certificates, with the most recent 36 month and 60 month issuances being at rates of 3.80%. As described above, we have taken, and continue to take, steps to pass along a portion of the interest rate increases on newly originated loans, the process for which is slower than the pace of funding cost increases, thereby compressing our net interest margins. The yield we earn on our loans is a function of the rates we are able to charge on those loans which are governed, to an extent, by the overall interest rate environment. The Federal Reserve’s decision to decrease interest rates in September 2024 by 50 basis points, as well as the market’s sentiment on the timing of that and future decisions, may have a direct impact on the rates we are able to charge on new loan originations. Likewise, the cost of new borrowings, particularly deposits, is also tied to the market’s sentiment of the timing of future interest rate decisions. To the extent that further interest rate decreases are anticipated, we could expect a decrease in both the rate charged on new loan originations as well as a decrease in the cost of newly issued borrowings. RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS The following table presents the change in interest income and expense due to changes in the average balances (volume) and average yield/cost, calculated for the periods indicated. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Increase (Decrease) In Volume Increase (Decrease) In Rate Net Change Increase (Decrease) In Volume Increase (Decrease) In Rate Net Change Interest-earning assets Interest earning cash and cash equivalents $ 187 $ 335 $ 522 $ (95 ) $ 471 $ 376 Investment securities 12 86 98 45 96 141 Loans Recreation 6,377 725 7,102 6,650 1,152 7,802 Home improvement 1,255 1,174 2,429 4,247 642 4,889 Commercial 389 180 569 179 493 672 Taxi medallion (27 ) (143 ) (170 ) (898 ) 1,149 251 Strategic partnerships 28 (55 ) (27 ) 62 (1 ) 61 Total loans $ 8,022 $ 1,881 $ 9,903 $ 10,240 $ 3,435 $ 13,675 Total interest-earning assets $ 8,221 $ 2,302 $ 10,523 $ 10,190 $ 4,002 $ 14,192 Interest-bearing liabilities Deposits 2,136 3,624 5,760 2,358 4,834 7,192 Retail and privately placed notes 459 150 609 31 (18 ) 13 SBA debentures and borrowings 37 164 201 (9 ) (44 ) (53 ) Trust preferred securities — — — — 296 296 Total interest-bearing liabilities $ 2,632 $ 3,938 $ 6,570 $ 2,380 $ 5,068 $ 7,448 Net $ 5,589 $ (1,636 ) $ 3,953 $ 7,810 $ (1,066 ) $ 6,744 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Increase (Decrease) In Volume Increase (Decrease) In Rate Net Change Increase (Decrease) In Volume Increase (Decrease) In Rate Net Change Interest-earning assets Interest earning cash and cash equivalents $ 356 $ 907 $ 1,263 $ 450 $ 1,767 $ 2,217 Investment securities 89 223 312 120 303 423 Loans Recreation 16,698 2,813 19,511 20,421 1,739 22,160 Home improvement 5,323 3,265 8,588 12,652 890 13,542 Commercial 1,389 706 2,095 956 873 1,829 Taxi medallion (445 ) (501 ) (946 ) (1,604 ) 2,579 975 Strategic partnerships (5 ) (90 ) (95 ) 212 (11 ) 201 Total loans $ 22,960 $ 6,193 $ 29,153 $ 32,637 $ 6,070 $ 38,707 Total interest-earning assets $ 23,405 $ 7,323 $ 30,728 $ 33,207 $ 8,140 $ 41,347 Interest-bearing liabilities Deposits $ 5,731 $ 11,376 $ 17,107 $ 6,615 $ 11,442 $ 18,057 Retail and privately placed notes 1,220 349 1,569 37 (26 ) 11 SBA debentures and borrowings 172 326 498 (59 ) 80 21 Trust preferred securities — 108 108 — 1,032 1,032 Total interest-bearing liabilities $ 7,123 $ 12,159 $ 19,282 $ 6,593 $ 12,528 $ 19,121 Net $ 16,282 $ (4,836 ) $ 11,446 $ 26,614 $ (4,388 ) $ 22,226 Page 41 of 61 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the increase in interest income was mainly driven by the increase in the size of the consumer loan portfolios, as well as an increase in overall yield on interest-earning assets as we issue new loans at interest rates greater than the weighted average rates of our current portfolio. For the same periods, the increase in interest expense was driven by an increase in borrowing costs, primarily due to the increases in deposits and growth of our total borrowings which fund our growing loan portfolio, and in interest rates. Our interest expense is driven by the interest rates payable on our bank certificates of deposit, privately placed notes, fixed-rate, long-term debentures issued to the SBA, trust preferred securities, and has historically included credit facilities with banks and other short-term notes payable. The Bank issues brokered time certificates of deposit, which are, on average, our lowest borrowing costs. The Bank is able to bid on these deposits at a variety of maturity options, which allows for more flexible interest rate management strategies. As further described below, in September 2023, we issued and sold $39.0 million aggregate principal amount of 9.25% senior notes due in September 2028, in June 2024, we amended our senior notes previously issued in December 2023, increasing the aggregate principal amount from $12.5 million to $17.5 million, reducing the interest rate to 8.875% from 9.0%, and extending the maturity date from December 2033 to June 2039, and in August 2024, we issued and sold $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.625% senior notes due in August 2039. The net proceeds were used, in large part, to repurchase and settle, in full, $36.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 8.25% senior notes issued in 2019 and which matured in March 2024, as well as for general corporate purposes. Our cost of funds is primarily driven by the rates paid on our various borrowings and changes in the levels of average borrowings outstanding. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for details on the terms of our outstanding debt. Our debentures issued to the SBA typically have terms of ten years. We measure our borrowing costs as our aggregate interest expense for all of our interest-bearing liabilities divided by the average amount of such liabilities outstanding during the period. The above table presents the average borrowings and related borrowing costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. We expect our borrowing costs to further increase as we take deposits and borrow other funds at the currently higher prevailing rates. We continue to seek SBA funding through Medallion Capital to the extent it offers attractive rates. SBA financing subjects its recipients to limits on the amount of secured bank debt they may incur. We use SBA funding to fund loans that qualify under the Small Business Investment Act of 1985, as amended, or the SBIA, and SBA regulations. In July 2023, we obtained a $20.0 million commitment from the SBA, $9.8 million of which has been utilized as of September 30, 2024, with $10.2 million currently drawable. In February 2024, we obtained an $18.5 million commitment from the SBA, with $0.3 million currently drawable, and the balance of $18.2 million drawable upon the infusion of $9.1 million of capital. At September 30, 2024 and 2023, adjustable rate debt constituted less than 2% of total debt, and was comprised solely of our trust preferred securities borrowings. Page 42 of 61 LOANS Loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, inclusive of deferred loan acquisition costs, which primarily includes deferred fees paid to or received from loan originators, and which are amortized to interest income over the life of the loan. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there was continued growth in the recreation segment, growing 12% from December 31, 2023, while home improvement loans increased 2% from December 31, 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Taxi Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – June 30, 2024 $ 1,497,428 $ 773,184 $ 110,197 $ 3,482 $ 1,299 $ 2,385,590 Loan originations 139,105 96,545 — — 39,918 275,568 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities (61,563 ) (51,409 ) (713 ) (239 ) (38,024 ) (151,948 ) Charge-offs (16,242 ) (4,258 ) — — — (20,500 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net (6,609 ) — — — — (6,609 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net (3,549 ) 1,206 13 — — (2,330 ) Origination fees and costs, net 6,059 (1,197 ) (1 ) — — 4,861 Paid-in-kind interest — — 647 — — 647 Gross loans – September 30, 2024 $ 1,554,629 $ 814,071 $ 110,143 $ 3,243 $ 3,193 $ 2,485,279 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Taxi Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – December 31, 2023 $ 1,336,226 $ 760,617 $ 114,827 $ 3,663 $ 553 $ 2,215,886 Loan originations 454,433 216,111 7,000 250 79,952 757,746 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities (177,152 ) (148,818 ) (13,546 ) (670 ) (77,312 ) (417,498 ) Charge-offs (48,970 ) (13,219 ) — — — (62,189 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net (17,703 ) — — — — (17,703 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net (9,715 ) 3,057 30 — — (6,628 ) Origination fees and costs, net 17,510 (3,677 ) (78 ) — — 13,755 Paid-in-kind interest — — 1,910 — — 1,910 Gross loans – September 30, 2024 $ 1,554,629 $ 814,071 $ 110,143 $ 3,243 $ 3,193 $ 2,485,279 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Taxi Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – June 30, 2023 $ 1,331,114 $ 728,468 $ 92,637 $ 3,448 $ 1,331 $ 2,156,998 Loan originations 92,603 79,333 8,900 100 36,457 217,393 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities (61,885 ) (53,095 ) (1,657 ) (281 ) (35,947 ) (152,865 ) Charge-offs (11,684 ) (3,890 ) — — — (15,574 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net (4,730 ) — — — — (4,730 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net (3,259 ) 647 — — — (2,612 ) Origination fees and costs, net 4,281 (955 ) — 660 — 3,986 Paid-in-kind interest — — 442 — — 442 Gross loans – September 30, 2023 $ 1,346,440 $ 750,508 $ 100,322 $ 3,927 $ 1,841 $ 2,203,038 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Home Improvement Commercial Taxi Medallion Strategic Partnership Total Gross loans – December 31, 2022 $ 1,183,512 $ 626,399 $ 92,899 $ 13,571 $ 572 $ 1,916,953 Loan originations 384,291 291,349 16,650 2,023 96,637 790,950 Principal receipts, sales, and maturities (181,565 ) (158,300 ) (9,413 ) (6,207 ) (95,368 ) (450,853 ) Charge-offs (33,440 ) (8,379 ) (900 ) (3,814 ) — (46,533 ) Transfer to loan collateral in process of foreclosure, net (13,078 ) — — (2,306 ) — (15,384 ) Amortization of origination fees and costs, net (9,177 ) 1,898 — — — (7,279 ) Origination fees and costs, net 15,897 (2,459 ) — 660 — 14,098 Paid-in-kind interest — — 1,086 — — 1,086 Gross loans – September 30, 2023 $ 1,346,440 $ 750,508 $ 100,322 $ 3,927 $ 1,841 $ 2,203,038 Page 43 of 61 The following table presents the approximate maturities and sensitivity to changes in interest rates for our loans as of September 30, 2024. Loan Maturity (Dollars in thousands) Within 1 year After 1 to 5 years After 5 to 15 years After 15 years Total Fixed-rate $ 37,985 $ 247,896 $ 1,952,930 $ 198,517 $ 2,437,328 Recreation 2,273 124,587 1,330,894 44,648 1,502,402 Home improvement 20,695 29,894 613,686 153,869 818,144 Commercial 9,345 92,651 8,350 — 110,346 Taxi medallion 2,479 764 — — 3,243 Strategic partnerships 3,193 — — 3,193 Adjustable-rate $ 447 $ 350 $ — $ — $ 797 Recreation 447 350 — — 797 Home improvement — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Taxi medallion — — — — — Total loans $ 38,432 $ 248,246 $ 1,952,930 $ 198,517 $ 2,438,125 PROVISION AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The allowance is maintained at a level estimated by management to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolios based on management’s quarterly evaluation of the portfolios, the related credit characteristics, and macroeconomic factors affecting the portfolios. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the allowance totaled $96.5 million and $84.2 million, which represented 3.88% and 3.80% of total loans, respectively. The provision for credit losses was $20.2 million and $55.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $14.5 million and $27.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as a result of lower taxi medallion recoveries, higher charge off activity, and increased provisions necessary with the growth in our recreation loans and, to a lesser extent, in our home improvement loans, as well as the credit loss allowance required due to the impact fluctuating delinquencies have on our credit loss model. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Allowance for loan losses – beginning balance $ 89,788 $ 74,971 $ 84,235 (1) $ 63,845 CECL transition amount upon ASU 2016-13 adoption — — — 13,712 Charge-offs Recreation (16,242 ) (11,684 ) (48,970 ) (33,440 ) Home improvement (4,258 ) (3,890 ) (13,219 ) (8,379 ) Commercial — — — (900 ) Taxi medallion — — — (3,814 ) Total charge-offs (20,500 ) (15,574 ) (62,189 ) (46,533 ) Recoveries Recreation 3,991 2,651 11,501 8,705 Home improvement 745 882 2,899 2,141 Commercial — — 20 10 Taxi medallion 2,343 1,671 4,123 10,208 Total recoveries 7,079 5,204 18,543 21,064 Net charge-offs (2) (13,421 ) (10,370 ) (43,646 ) (25,469 ) Provision for credit losses 20,151 14,532 55,929 27,045 Allowance for credit losses – ending balance (3) $ 96,518 $ 79,133 $ 96,518 $ 79,133 (1) 2023 beginning balance represents allowance prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13. (2) As of September 30, 2024, cumulative net charge-offs of loans and loan collateral in process of foreclosure in the taxi medallion portfolio were $166.2 million, including $99.2 million related to loans secured by New York City taxi medallions, some of which may represent collection opportunities for the Company. (3) As of September 30, 2024, there was no allowance for credit loss and net charge-offs related to the strategic partnership loans. Page 44 of 61 The following tables present the gross charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, by the year of origination: Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Recreation $ 921 $ 4,717 $ 5,167 $ 2,354 $ 956 $ 2,127 $ 16,242 Home improvement 148 1,275 1,583 787 209 256 4,258 Commercial — — — — — — — Taxi medallion — — — — — — — Total $ 1,069 $ 5,992 $ 6,750 $ 3,141 $ 1,165 $ 2,383 $ 20,500 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Recreation $ 1,020 $ 12,579 $ 17,034 $ 7,841 $ 3,231 $ 7,265 $ 48,970 Home improvement 188 4,307 4,857 2,457 615 795 13,219 Commercial — — — — — — — Taxi medallion — — — — — — — Total $ 1,208 $ 16,886 $ 21,891 $ 10,298 $ 3,846 $ 8,060 $ 62,189 The following tables present the gross charge-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, by the year of origination: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Recreation $ 890 $ 4,587 $ 2,250 $ 1,175 $ 1,273 $ 1,509 $ 11,684 Home improvement 964 1,783 733 158 106 146 3,890 Commercial — — — — — — — Taxi medallion — — — — — — — Total $ 1,854 $ 6,370 $ 2,983 $ 1,333 $ 1,379 $ 1,655 $ 15,574 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total Recreation $ 934 $ 11,763 $ 7,664 $ 3,631 $ 3,745 $ 5,703 $ 33,440 Home improvement 1,003 4,235 1,834 459 328 520 8,379 Commercial — — — — 900 — 900 Taxi medallion — — — — — 3,814 3,814 Total $ 1,937 $ 15,998 $ 9,498 $ 4,090 $ 4,973 $ 10,037 $ 46,533 The following tables present the allowance for credit losses by type as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage of Allowance (1) Allowance as a Percent of Loan Category Allowance as a Percent of Nonaccrual Recreation $ 70,383 73 % 4.53 % 293.45 % Home improvement 19,731 21 2.42 82.26 Commercial 5,114 5 4.64 21.32 Taxi medallion 1,290 1 39.78 5.38 Total $ 96,518 100 % 3.88 % 402.41 % (1) Percentages may not foot due to rounding. December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage of Allowance (1) Allowance as a Percent of Loan Category Allowance as a Percent of Nonaccrual Recreation $ 57,532 68 % 4.31 % 221.50 % Home improvement 21,019 25 2.76 80.92 Commercial 4,148 5 3.61 15.97 Taxi medallion 1,536 2 41.93 5.91 Total $ 84,235 100 % 3.80 % 324.31 % (1) Percentages may not foot due to rounding. As of September 30, 2024, the total allowance for credit losses as a percent of loans decreased 8 basis points from December 31, 2023. Page 45 of 61 The following table presents the trend in loans 90 days or more past due as of the dates indicated. September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Amount % (1) Amount % (1) Recreation $ 7,475 0.3 % $ 9,095 0.4 % Home improvement 1,564 0.1 1,502 0.1 % Commercial 8,396 0.3 6,240 0.3 % Total loans 90 days or more past due $ 17,435 0.7 % $ 16,837 0.8 % (1) Percentages are calculated against the total loan portfolio. The following tables present the activity of loan collateral in process of foreclosure for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – June 30, 2024 $ 1,441 $ 7,918 $ 9,359 Transfer from loans, net 6,609 — 6,609 Sales — — — Cash payments received (2,059 ) (1,007 ) (3,066 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) (4,064 ) (20 ) (4,084 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2024 $ 1,927 $ 6,891 $ 8,818 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – December 31, 2023 $ 1,779 $ 9,993 $ 11,772 Transfer from loans, net 17,703 — 17,703 Sales — (39 ) (39 ) Cash payments received (6,731 ) (3,161 ) (9,892 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) (10,824 ) 98 (10,726 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2024 $ 1,927 $ 6,891 $ 8,818 (1) Collateral valuation adjustments for recreational loans are generally the result of the liquidation of collateral through a repossession process. Due to the short-term nature of the liquidation process, collateral valuation adjustments on recreational loans are recorded as charge-offs to the allowance for credit losses on loans as this is an adjustment to the initial estimate on the fair value, less estimated costs to sell that was initially estimated in the preliminary charge off and amount transferred to collateral in the process of foreclosure. The following tables present the activity of loan collateral in process of foreclosure for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – June 30, 2023 $ 729 $ 16,074 $ 16,803 Transfer from loans, net 4,730 — 4,730 Sales (1,080 ) (117 ) (1,197 ) Cash payments received (163 ) (1,939 ) (2,102 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) (2,281 ) (30 ) (2,311 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2023 $ 1,935 $ 13,988 $ 15,923 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Recreation Taxi Medallion Total Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – December 31, 2022 $ 1,376 $ 20,443 $ 21,819 Transfer from loans, net 13,078 2,306 15,384 Sales (5,858 ) (685 ) (6,543 ) Cash payments received (291 ) (7,773 ) (8,064 ) Collateral valuation adjustments (1) (6,370 ) (303 ) (6,673 ) Loan collateral in process of foreclosure – September 30, 2023 $ 1,935 $ 13,988 $ 15,923 (1) Collateral valuation adjustments for recreational loans are generally the result of the liquidation of collateral through a repossession process. Due to the short-term nature of the liquidation process, collateral valuation adjustments on recreational loans are recorded as charge-offs to the allowance for credit losses on loans as this is an adjustment to the initial estimate on the fair value, less estimated costs to sell that was initially estimated in the preliminary charge off and amount transferred to collateral in the process of foreclosure. As of September 30, 2024, taxi medallion loans in the process of foreclosure included 315 taxi medallions in the New York City market, 188 taxi medallions in the Chicago market, 23 taxi medallions in the Newark market, and 31 taxi medallions in other markets. Page 46 of 61 SEGMENT RESULTS We manage our financial results under four operating segments; recreation lending, home improvement lending, commercial lending, and taxi medallion lending. We also present results for a non-operating segment, corporate and other investments. Recreation Lending Recreation lending is a growth business focused on originating prime and non-prime recreation loans which is a significant source of income for us, accounting for 67% of our interest income for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. We maintain relationships with approximately 3,300 dealers and financial service providers, or FSPs, not all of which are active at any one time. FSPs are entities that provide finance and insurance services to small dealers that do not have the desire or ability to provide such services themselves. The ability of FSPs to aggregate the financing and relationship management for many small dealers makes them valuable. We receive approximately half of our loan volume from dealers and the other half from FSPs. Our top ten dealer and FSP relationships were responsible for 39% of recreation lending’s new loan originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 41% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The percentage of new loan originations by the top ten dealer and FSP relationships is a measure of concentration, which management uses to determine whether to undertake diversification efforts, and which provides investors with information about origination concentration. The recreation loan portfolio consists of thousands of geographically distributed loans with an average loan size of approximately $21,000 as of September 30, 2024. The loans are fixed rate with an average term at origination for loans originated in the current year of approximately 14 years. The weighted average maturity of our loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024 is approximately 11 years. The loans are secured primarily by RVs, boats, collector cars, and trailers, with RV loans making up 55% of the portfolio, boat loans making up 20%, and collector cars making up 11% of the portfolio as of September 30, 2024, compared to 58%, 20%, and 9% as of September 30, 2023. Recreation loans are made to borrowers residing nationwide, with the highest concentrations in Texas and Florida at 16% and 10% of loans outstanding, compared to 15% and 10% as of September 30, 2023, and with no other states at or above 10%. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average FICO scores, measured at origination, of our recreation loans outstanding were 685 and 682. The weighted average FICO scores at the time of origination for the loans funded in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were 686 and 682. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the recreation loan portfolio grew 16% to $1.6 billion, with the average interest rate increasing 19 basis points to 14.92% from a year ago. Additionally, reserve rates increased 29 basis points to 4.53% from September 30, 2023, reflecting higher delinquency and potential loss. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we originated $454.4 million in recreation loans, compared to $384.3 million in the prior year period. Originations increased despite restrictive underwriting standards and management's efforts to mitigate concentration risks. The following table presents quarterly originations for 2024, 2023, and 2022. (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 First Quarter $ 105,765 $ 101,681 $ 114,406 Second Quarter 209,563 190,007 170,207 Third Quarter 139,105 92,603 149,151 Fourth Quarter — 62,748 79,298 Year Ended $ 454,433 $ 447,039 $ 513,062 As of September 30, 2024, 35.1% of the recreation loan portfolio were non-prime receivables with obligors who do not qualify for conventional consumer finance products as a result of, among other things, adverse credit history. The following table presents non-prime originations in comparison to total originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. (Dollars in thousands) Total Originations Non-prime Originations Non-prime Originations (%) September 30, 2024 $ 454,433 $ 157,384 34.6 % December 31, 2023 447,039 152,045 34.0 December 31, 2022 513,062 180,697 35.2 Page 47 of 61 The following table presents certain financial data and ratios as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Selected Earnings Data Total interest income $ 51,443 $ 44,341 $ 142,860 $ 123,349 Total interest expense 12,566 8,770 33,171 22,254 Net interest income 38,877 35,571 109,689 101,095 Provision for credit losses 17,494 11,877 50,319 29,763 Net interest income after loss provision 21,383 23,694 59,370 71,332 Other income, net 200 128 756 128 Other expenses (11,853 ) (8,637 ) (31,376 ) (24,884 ) Net income before taxes 9,730 15,185 28,750 46,576 Income tax provision (2,810 ) (5,169 ) (9,178 ) (13,549 ) Net income after taxes $ 6,920 $ 10,016 $ 19,572 $ 33,027 Balance Sheet Data Total loans, gross $ 1,554,629 $ 1,346,440 Total credit allowance 70,383 57,032 Total loans, net 1,484,246 1,289,408 Total assets 1,505,400 1,307,860 Total borrowings 1,253,224 1,074,592 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 1.81 % 3.01 % 1.87 % 3.56 % Return on average equity 13.35 19.50 12.78 22.56 Interest yield 13.34 13.12 13.32 13.03 Net interest margin, gross 10.08 10.53 10.23 10.68 Net interest margin, net of allowance 10.55 10.99 10.65 11.14 Reserve coverage 4.53 4.24 4.53 4.24 Delinquency status (1) 0.50 0.45 0.50 0.45 Charge-off ratio 3.18 2.67 3.48 2.61 (1) Loans 90 days or more past due. Home Improvement Lending The home improvement lending segment works with contractors and FSPs to finance home improvements and is concentrated in roofs, swimming pools, and windows at 38%, 24%, and 13% of total loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024, as compared to 40%, 19%, and 13% as of September 30, 2023, with no other collateral types over 10%. Home improvement loans are made to borrowers residing nationwide, with the highest concentrations in Texas and Florida, each representing 11% of loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and with each state representing 10% as of September 30, 2023, with no other states at or above 10%. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average FICO scores of our home improvement loans outstanding, measured at origination, were 766 and 763. The weighted average FICO scores at the time of origination for the loans funded in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were 781 and 755. A large proportion of our home improvement-financed sales are facilitated by contractor salespeople with limited financing backgrounds rather than by contractor employees who provide financing services. The result is contractor demand for financing services that facilitate an in-home transaction (e.g., digital tools, including mobile applications for phone or tablet, support for E-SIGN compliant electronic signatures, and extended operating hours), and additional resources for the salesperson throughout the financing process. We currently maintain relationships with approximately 900 contractors and FSPs. Our top ten contractors and FSP relationships were responsible for 35% of home improvement lending’s new loan originations during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The percentage of new loan originations by the top ten contractor and FSP relationships is a measure of concentration, which management uses to determine whether to undertake diversification efforts, and which provides investors with information about origination concentration. The home improvement loan portfolio consists of thousands of geographically distributed loans with an average loan size of approximately $21,000 as of September 30, 2024. The loans are fixed rate with an average term at origination, for loans originated in the current year of approximately 15 years. The weighted average maturity of our loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024 is approximately 12 years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the home improvement portfolio increased 7% to $814.1 million, with reserve coverage rates increasing 12 basis points to 2.42% from a year ago reflecting higher delinquency and potential losses. The average interest rate increased 38 basis points to 9.76% at September 30, 2024 from a year ago. Page 48 of 61 During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we originated $216.1 million in home improvement loans, compared to $291.3 million in the prior year period. The decrease was driven in part by ongoing restrictive underwriting standards in 2024 and management's efforts to mitigate concentration risks. The following table presents quarterly originations for 2024, 2023, and 2022. (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 First Quarter $ 51,576 $ 94,981 $ 89,820 Second Quarter 67,990 117,035 105,172 Third Quarter 96,545 79,333 100,451 Fourth Quarter — 66,045 97,100 Year Ended $ 216,111 $ 357,394 $ 392,543 As of September 30, 2024, 1% of the home improvement loan portfolio were non-prime receivables with obligors who do not qualify for conventional consumer finance products as a result of, among other things, adverse credit history. The following table presents non-prime originations in comparison to total originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. (Dollars in thousands) Total Originations Non-prime Originations Non-prime Originations (%) September 30, 2024 $ 216,111 $ 434 0.2 % December 31, 2023 357,394 3,094 0.9 December 31, 2022 392,543 5,068 1.3 The following table presents certain financial data and ratios as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Selected Earnings Data Total interest income $ 19,008 $ 16,578 $ 54,106 $ 45,519 Total interest expense 7,033 5,187 18,773 12,660 Net interest income 11,975 11,391 35,333 32,859 Provision for credit losses 4,855 3,860 9,032 10,680 Net interest income after loss provision 7,120 7,531 26,301 22,179 Other income, net 2 1 7 4 Other expenses (5,746 ) (4,433 ) (15,317 ) (12,815 ) Net income before taxes 1,376 3,099 10,991 9,368 Income tax provision (290 ) (1,051 ) (3,509 ) (2,725 ) Net income after taxes $ 1,086 $ 2,048 $ 7,482 $ 6,643 Balance Sheet Data Total loans, gross $ 814,071 $ 750,508 Total credit allowance 19,731 17,300 Total loans, net 794,340 733,208 Total assets 798,261 739,452 Total borrowings 664,541 607,565 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 0.55 % 1.11 % 1.31 % 1.30 % Return on average equity 3.86 7.21 8.69 8.21 Interest yield 9.51 8.88 9.38 8.76 Net interest margin, gross 5.99 6.10 6.12 6.32 Net interest margin, net of allowance 6.14 6.24 6.26 6.46 Reserve coverage 2.42 2.31 2.42 2.31 Delinquency status (1) 0.19 0.13 0.19 0.13 Charge-off ratio 1.76 1.61 1.78 1.20 (1) Loans 90 days or more past due. Page 49 of 61 Commercial Lending We originate both senior and subordinated loans nationwide to businesses in a variety of industries, with California, Wisconsin, and Texas each having 30%, 11%, and 10% of the segment portfolio, and no other states having a concentration at or above 10%. These mezzanine loans are primarily secured by a second position on all assets of the businesses and generally range in amount from $2.5 million to $6.0 million at origination, and typically include an equity component as part of the financing. These equity components, although a small portion of the overall financing, have the potential to generate significant yield enhancement when the underlying portfolio company enters a capital transaction. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net gains of $3.1 million were recognized with respect to these equity investments. The commercial lending business has concentrations in manufacturing, construction, and wholesale trade making up 55%, 14%, and 11%, of the loans outstanding as of September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we originated $7.0 million in new commercial loans, compared to $16.7 million in the 2023 period. The following table presents certain financial data and ratios as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The commercial segment encompasses the mezzanine lending business, and the other legacy commercial loans (immaterial to total) have been allocated to corporate and other investments. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Selected Earnings Data Total interest income $ 3,761 $ 3,248 $ 10,944 $ 8,763 Total interest expense 1,063 921 3,217 2,582 Net interest income 2,698 2,327 7,727 6,181 Provision (benefit) for credit losses 252 621 946 835 Net interest income after loss provision 2,446 1,706 6,781 5,346 Other income (loss), net (414 ) 2,322 3,774 2,936 Other expenses (1,235 ) (1,129 ) (3,657 ) (2,696 ) Net income before taxes 797 2,899 6,898 5,586 Income tax provision (159 ) (907 ) (2,202 ) (1,625 ) Net income after taxes $ 638 $ 1,992 $ 4,696 $ 3,961 Balance Sheet Data Total loans, gross $ 110,143 $ 100,322 Total credit allowance 5,114 3,114 Total loans, net 105,029 97,208 Total assets 105,232 97,298 Total borrowings 87,604 79,944 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 2.41 % 8.12 % 5.92 % 5.33 % Return on average equity 16.38 52.31 38.63 33.61 Interest yield 13.57 13.05 13.20 12.11 Net interest margin, gross 9.74 9.35 9.32 8.55 Net interest margin, net of allowance 10.19 9.61 9.69 8.79 Reserve coverage (1) 4.64 3.10 4.64 3.10 Delinquency status (1) (2) 7.39 0.07 7.39 0.07 Charge-off (recovery) ratio (3) — — (0.02 ) 1.23 (1) Ratio is based off of total commercial balances and relates solely to the legacy commercial loan balances. (2) Loans 90 days or more past due. (3) Ratio is based on total commercial lending balances and relates to the total loan business. As of September 30, 2024 2023 Geographic Concentrations (Dollars in thousands) Total Gross Loans % of Market Total Gross Loans % of Market California $ 33,183 30 % $ 24,747 25 % Wisconsin 11,646 11 5,112 5 Texas 10,806 10 9,889 10 Illinois 8,464 8 10,727 11 Minnesota 5,323 5 13,841 14 Other 40,721 36 36,006 35 Total $ 110,143 100 % $ 100,322 100 % Page 50 of 61 Taxi Medallion Lending The taxi medallion lending segment operates in the New York City metropolitan area. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, taxi medallion values remained consistent in the New York City and Newark markets with all other markets being valued at $0. We continued to not recognize interest income with all loans being placed on nonaccrual as of the third quarter 2020 (except for settled loans with interest being paid in excess of the loan balance), and by transferring underperforming loans from the portfolio to loan collateral in process of foreclosure with charge-offs to collateral value, once loans become more than 120 days past due. All the loans are secured by taxi medallions and enhanced by personal guarantees of the shareholders and owners. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we collected $4.1 million and $9.5 million related to taxi medallion and related assets, which resulted in net recoveries and gains of $2.8 million and $5.6 million in those periods. The amount of cash collected as well as recoveries recorded vary greatly from period to period due to a wide variety of circumstances surrounding each of the underlying assets, and while we continue to focus on collection and recovery efforts, it is unlikely that there will be future collections at the higher levels experienced in the prior year. The following table presents certain financial data and ratios as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Selected Earnings Data Total interest income $ 184 $ 342 $ 514 $ 1,439 Total interest expense (income) 30 (69 ) 83 44 Net interest income 154 411 431 1,395 Recoveries for credit losses (2,450 ) (1,772 ) (4,368 ) (14,167 ) Net interest income after loss provision 2,604 2,183 4,799 15,562 Other income, net 321 1,404 1,294 4,327 Other expenses (1,444 ) (1,421 ) (3,560 ) (4,191 ) Net income before taxes 1,481 2,166 2,533 15,698 Income tax provision (457 ) (955 ) (809 ) (4,567 ) Net income after taxes $ 1,024 $ 1,211 $ 1,724 $ 11,131 Balance Sheet Data Total loans, gross $ 3,243 $ 3,927 Total credit allowance 1,290 1,687 Total loans, net 1,953 2,240 Total assets 6,208 17,258 Total borrowings 5,168 14,180 Selected Financial Ratios Return on average assets 50.54 % 26.70 % 26.64 % 73.52 % Return on average equity 302.61 172.77 155.33 463.36 Interest yield 21.96 35.22 20.59 29.27 Net interest margin, gross 18.38 42.32 16.65 28.38 Net interest margin, net of allowance 30.60 77.54 27.99 72.66 Reserve coverage 39.78 42.97 39.78 42.97 Delinquency status (1) — — — — Recovery ratio (279.58 ) (172.06 ) (159.26 ) (130.08 ) (1) Loans 90 days or more past due. As of September 30, 2024 2023 Geographic Concentrations (Dollars in thousands) Total Gross Loans Total Gross Loans New York City $ 3,011 $ 3,497 Newark 232 415 All Other — 15 Total $ 3,243 $ 3,927 As of September 30, 2024 2023 Geographic Concentrations (Dollars in thousands) Total Loan Collateral in Process of Foreclosure Total Loan Collateral in Process of Foreclosure New York City $ 6,445 $ 12,233 Newark 446 1,347 All Other — 408 Total $ 6,891 $ 13,988 Page 51 of 61 Corporate and Other Investments This non-operating segment includes our equity and investment securities as well as our legacy commercial business, and other assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, including goodwill and intangible assets, which are not specifically allocated to the operating segments and are not used in evaluating performance of the operating segments. Commencing with the 2020 second quarter, the Bank began issuing loans related to the new strategic partnership business, which is included within this segment. The associated activities of the strategic partnership business are currently limited to originating loans or other receivables facilitated by our strategic partners and selling those loans or receivables to our strategic partners or other third parties, without recourse, within a specified time after origination, such as three business days. Strategic partnerships loans were $3.2 million as of September 30, 2024 and $1.8 million as of September 30, 2023, with originations of $39.9 million and $80.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $36.5 million and $96.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The following table presents certain financial data and ratios as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Selected Earnings Data Total interest income $ 2,013 $ 1,377 $ 5,759 $ 4,385 Total interest expense 2,980 2,293 8,417 6,839 Net interest expense (967 ) (916 ) (2,658 ) (2,454 ) Provision (recoveries) for credit losses — (54 ) — (66 ) Net interest loss after loss provision (967 ) (862 ) (2,658 ) (2,388 ) Other income, net 478 451 1,258 937 Other income (expenses) 1,283 (3,469 ) (3,305 ) (11,898 ) Net income (loss) before taxes 794 (3,880 ) (4,705 ) (13,349 ) Income tax (provision) benefit (339 ) 1,355 1,502 3,884 Net income (loss) after taxes $ 455 $ (2,525 ) $ (3,203 ) $ (9,465 ) Balance Sheet Data Total loans, gross $ 3,193 $ 1,841 Total credit allowance — — Total loans, net 3,193 1,841 Total assets 464,951 396,759 Total borrowings 387,066 323,638 SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The table below presents our selected financial data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Return on average assets 1.43 % 2.01 % 1.51 % 2.52 % Return on average equity 9.46 12.89 9.62 15.90 Return on average stockholders' equity 9.61 13.80 9.79 17.49 Net interest margin, gross 8.11 8.35 8.11 8.42 Equity to assets (1) 14.97 15.53 14.97 15.53 Debt to equity (1) (2) 5.5x 5.3x 5.5x 5.3x Net loans receivable to assets 83 % 83 % 83 % 83 % Net charge-offs $ 13,421 $ 10,370 $ 43,646 $ 25,469 Net charge-offs as a % of average loans receivable 2.18 % 1.88 % 2.51 % 1.65 % Reserve coverage ratio 3.88 3.59 3.88 3.59 (1) Includes $68.8 million related to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries as of both September 30, 2024 and 2023. (2) Excludes deferred financing costs of $8.4 million and $8.2 million as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. Page 52 of 61 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Net income attributable to shareholders was $8.6 million and $25.7 million, or $0.37 and $1.09 per diluted share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $11.2 million and $40.8 million, or $0.48 and $1.77 per diluted share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Total interest income was $76.4 million and $214.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $65.9 million and $183.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in interest income reflects the continued growth in our recreation, home improvement, and, to a lesser extent, commercial lending segments and an increased weighted average interest rate on the loan portfolio. The yield on interest earning assets was 11.75% and 11.54% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 11.28% and 11.10% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase reflects higher interest rates on new originations in our recreation and home improvement lending segments, with the yield anticipated to continue to increase as older loans with lower rates amortize and newer originations at the higher current rates become a larger portion of our portfolio. Loans before allowance for credit losses were $2.5 billion as of September 30, 2024, comprised of recreation ($1.6 billion), home improvement ($814.1 million), commercial ($110.1 million), taxi medallion ($3.2 million), and strategic partnership ($3.2 million) loans. We had an allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024 of $96.5 million, which was attributable to recreation (73%), home improvement (21%), commercial (5%), and taxi medallion (1%) loans. Loans increased $99.7 million, or 4%, during the quarter and $269.4 million, or 12%, from December 31, 2023 as a result of $275.6 million and $757.8 million of loan originations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, partially offset by principal payments, and to a lesser extent, charge-offs and transfers to loan collateral in process of foreclosure. The provisions for credit losses were $20.2 million and $55.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $14.5 million and $27.0 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as a result of lower taxi medallion recoveries, higher charge-off activity, partly attributable to seasonality, and increased provisions with the growth in our loan portfolios. The provision for credit loss in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 included $2.3 million and $4.1 million of net recoveries with respect to the taxi medallion lending segment, as compared to $1.7 million and $6.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting continued recovery efforts with the impaired taxi medallion portfolio, while net charge-offs in the recreation and home improvement lending segments increased to $15.8 million and $47.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $12.0 million and $31.0 million in the prior year periods. Gross charge-offs were $20.5 million and $62.2 million in the consumer portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $15.6 million and $41.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Charge-offs in the consumer segment correlate to delinquency status, which has seen improvement from December 31, 2023, consistent with seasonal trends. Interest expense was $23.7 million and $63.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $17.1 million and $44.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting both higher average borrowings and higher average borrowing costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, with borrowing costs expected to further increase in the current rate environment. The average cost of borrowed funds was 4.05% and 3.86% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 3.28% and 3.02% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increases of 77 basis points and 84 basis points for the three and nine month periods are largely attributable to the increased cost of newly issued certificates of deposit used both to fund our growth and to replace older maturing vintages with lower rates, and to a lesser extent, increased costs and outstanding balances with both our privately placed notes and SBA debentures. As we replace upcoming deposit maturities with new issues, we expect our cost of funds to further increase. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we issued certificates of deposit at rates up to 5.20% for six-month issuances and at rates up to 4.25% and as low as 3.80% for five year certificates of deposit, with the decrease tied to market expectations of the interest rate policy of the Federal Reserve. In addition, we expect our interest expense related to SBA borrowings to increase as newly issued SBA debentures carry a higher rate when compared to some of our previously issued debentures. Average debt outstanding was $2.3 billion and $2.2 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, up from $2.1 billion and $2.0 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as we have increased our borrowings, particularly certificates of deposit, and to a lesser extent private notes and SBA debentures, to fund our loan growth. See page 39 for tables that present average balances and cost of funds for our funding sources. Page 53 of 61 Net interest income was $52.7 million and $150.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $48.8 million and $139.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The net interest margin before the impact of the allowance for credit losses was 8.11% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 8.35% and 8.42% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting the above, particularly the rising cost of borrowings experienced over the prior year period, offset to an extent by higher yields on loans and investments compared to the prior year period. With the rates we charge on outstanding loans being fixed, and our cost of funds increasing, our net interest margin has tightened over the prior periods as we can only increase our yield through higher rates charged on new originations. We expect this trend of tightening margins to continue to some degree as our cost of funds, particularly on deposits continues to increase, with the current average rate on deposits of 3.68% being lower than our new issuance costs. Net other income, which is comprised primarily of gains on the sale of loans and taxi medallions, gains (losses) on equity investments, prepayment fees, servicing fee income, late charges, and write-downs of loan collateral, was $0.6 million and $7.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $4.3 million and $8.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, which reflected larger gains on the sale of taxi medallion assets. Operating expenses were $19.0 million and $57.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $19.1 million and $56.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Salaries and benefits were $9.5 million and $28.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $9.6 million and $27.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily reflecting a greater head count at our operating subsidiaries, Medallion Bank and Medallion Capital, and higher equity compensation costs in the current quarter, offset by lower accruals for compensation tied to performance. Legal and professional fees were $0.8 million and $3.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, down from $1.1 million and $4.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. While costs in the current three and nine month periods were down compared to the prior year periods, we had higher than anticipated expenses associated with the successful defense of an activist proxy campaign in 2024, which approximated $1.4 million. Although legal costs associated with the SEC litigation were nominal in both the current and prior year periods, we continue to maintain an approximate $6.5 million liability as a result of the collection of insurance coverage with respect to costs incurred in previous years. The Company anticipates recognizing the benefit of this liability, offsetting future costs, through the remainder of this matter. Loan collateral in process of foreclosure was $8.8 million at September 30, 2024, down from $11.8 million at December 31, 2023. The decrease primarily reflects cash payments received during the period. ASSET/LIABILITY MANAGEMENT Interest Rate Sensitivity We, like other financial institutions, are subject to interest rate risk to the extent that our interest-earning assets (consisting of consumer, commercial, and taxi medallion loans, and investment securities) reprice on a different basis over time in comparison to our interest-bearing liabilities (consisting primarily of bank certificates of deposit, SBA debentures and borrowings, historically credit facilities, and borrowings from banks and other lenders). Having interest-bearing liabilities that mature or reprice more frequently on average than assets may be beneficial in times of declining interest rates, although such an asset/liability structure may result in declining net earnings during periods of rising interest rates. Abrupt increases in market rates of interest may have an adverse impact on our earnings until we are able to originate new loans at the higher prevailing interest rates. Conversely, having interest-earning assets that mature or reprice more frequently on average than liabilities may be beneficial in times of rising interest rates, although this asset/liability structure may result in declining net earnings during periods of falling interest rates. This mismatch between maturities and interest rate sensitivities of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities results in interest rate risk. The effect of changes in interest rates is mitigated by regular turnover of the portfolio. We believe that the average life of our loan portfolio varies to some extent as a function of changes in interest rates. Borrowers are more likely to exercise prepayment rights in a decreasing interest rate environment because the interest rate payable on the borrower’s loan is high relative to prevailing interest rates. Conversely, borrowers are less likely to prepay in a rising interest rate environment. However, borrowers may prepay for a variety of other reasons, such as to monetize increases in the underlying collateral values. In addition, we manage our exposure to increases in market rates of interest by incurring fixed-rate indebtedness, such as ten year subordinated SBA debentures, and by setting repricing intervals on certificates of deposit, for terms of up to five years. A relative measure of interest rate risk can be derived from our interest rate sensitivity gap. The interest rate sensitivity gap represents the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, which mature and/or reprice within specified intervals of time. The gap is considered to be positive when repriceable assets exceed repriceable liabilities, and negative when repriceable liabilities exceed repriceable assets. A relative measure of interest rate sensitivity is provided by the cumulative difference between interest sensitive assets and interest sensitive liabilities for a given time interval expressed as a percentage of total assets. Page 54 of 61 The following table presents our interest rate sensitivity gap at September 30, 2024. The principal amounts of interest earning assets are assigned to the time frames in which such principal amounts are contractually obligated to be repriced. We do not reflect any prepayment assumptions in preparing the analysis, despite historical average life experience being significantly shorter than contractual terms. September 30, 2024 Cumulative Rate Gap (1) (Dollars in thousands) Less Than 1 Year More Than 1 and Less Than 2 Years More Than 2 and Less Than 3 Years More Than 3 and Less Than 4 Years More Than 4 and Less Than 5 Years More Than 5 and Less Than 6 Years Thereafter Total Earning assets Fixed-rate $ 37,987 $ 23,150 $ 65,243 $ 80,736 $ 78,765 $ 72,256 $ 2,079,191 $ 2,437,328 Adjustable rate 446 327 — 24 — — — 797 Investment securities and equity investments 2,953 4,549 3,959 4,626 7,517 7,075 32,510 63,189 Cash and cash equivalents 187,929 — — — — — — 187,929 Total earning assets $ 229,315 $ 28,026 $ 69,202 $ 85,386 $ 86,282 $ 79,331 $ 2,111,701 $ 2,689,243 Interest bearing liabilities Deposits $ 957,570 $ 387,112 $ 434,280 $ 141,074 $ 190,567 $ — $ — $ 2,110,603 Privately placed notes — 31,250 53,750 39,000 — — 22,500 146,500 SBA debentures and borrowings 14,000 14,000 2,000 1,250 1,250 — 37,750 70,250 Trust preferred securities — — — — — — 33,000 33,000 Federal reserve and other borrowings 35,000 — — — — — — 35,000 Total liabilities $ 1,006,570 $ 432,362 $ 490,030 $ 181,324 $ 191,817 $ — $ 93,250 $ 2,395,353 Interest rate gap $ (777,255 ) $ (404,336 ) $ (420,828 ) $ (95,938 ) $ (105,535 ) $ 79,331 $ 2,018,451 $ 293,890 Cumulative interest rate gap $ (777,255 ) $ (404,336 ) $ (420,828 ) $ (95,938 ) $ (105,535 ) $ 79,331 $ 2,018,451 $ — December 31, 2023 (2) $ (498,772 ) $ (1,015,143 ) $ (1,335,301 ) $ (1,474,758 ) $ (1,578,162 ) $ (1,494,411 ) $ 281,971 $ — December 31, 2022 (2) $ (367,803 ) $ (807,687 ) $ (1,158,706 ) $ (1,283,654 ) $ (1,372,105 ) $ (1,314,604 ) $ 222,536 $ — (1) The ratio of the cumulative one-year gap to total interest rate sensitive assets was (29%) as of September 30, 2024, and was (18%) as of December 31, 2023. (2) Excludes federal funds sold and investment securities. Our interest rate sensitive assets were $2.7 billion and interest rate sensitive liabilities were $2.4 billion at September 30, 2024. The one-year cumulative interest rate gap was a negative $777.3 million, or 29% of interest rate sensitive assets. We seek to manage interest rate risk by incurring fixed-rate indebtedness, by evaluating appropriate derivatives, pursuing securitization opportunities, entering into borrowing arrangements with terms that align with the anticipated life of our assets, and using other options consistent with managing interest rate risk. LIBOR terminated on June 30, 2023. We did not have loans tied to LIBOR. Our trust preferred securities bore a variable rate of interest of 90-day LIBOR plus 2.13% until June 30, 2023. For these borrowings, the 90-day Secured Overnight Financing Rate adjusted by a relevant spread adjustment of approximately 26 basis points replaced the previous LIBOR-based rate. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our sources of liquidity include brokered certificates of deposit and other borrowings at the Bank, unfunded commitments to sell debentures to the SBA, loan amortization and prepayments, private and public issuances of debt securities, participations or sales of loans to third parties, issuances of preferred securities at our subsidiaries, and the disposition of our other assets. In August 2024, we completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.625% unsecured senior notes due August 2039, with interest payable semiannually. We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes. In June 2024, we amended the notes previously issued in a private placement to certain institutional investors in December 2023, increasing the principal amount from $12.5 million to $17.5 million, reducing the interest rate to 8.875% from 9.0%, and extending the maturity date from December 2033 to June 2039. We used, and intend to use, the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, which included the repayment of the remaining 8.25% notes that matured in March 2024 described below. In September 2023, we completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $39.0 million aggregate principal amount of 9.25% unsecured senior notes due September 2028, with interest payable semiannually. In April 2023, the Bank began to originate retail savings deposits through a third-party service provider and, as of September 30, 2024, the Bank had $10.9 million in retail savings deposit balances. Page 55 of 61 In March 2023, the Bank established a discount window line of credit at the Federal Reserve. As of September 30, 2024, the Bank had $110.1 million in home improvement loans pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve. The current advance rate on the pledged securities is approximately 45.1% of book value, for a total of approximately $49.7 million in secured borrowing capacity, of which $35.0 million was utilized as of September 30, 2024. The Bank has borrowing arrangements with two commercial banks. These agreements are accommodations that can be terminated at any time, for any reason, and allow the Bank to borrow up to $75.0 million. As of September 30, 2024, there were no outstanding amounts with respect to these arrangements. In February 2021, we completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.25% unsecured senior notes due February 2026, with interest payable semiannually. Follow-on offerings of these notes in March and April 2021 raised an additional $3.3 million and $3.0 million. In December 2020, we completed a private placement to certain institutional investors of $33.6 million aggregate principal amount of 7.50% unsecured senior notes due December 2027, with interest payable semiannually. Follow-on offerings of these notes in February and March 2021 raised an additional $8.5 million. In April 2021, we raised an additional $11.7 million in a follow-on offering and repaid substantially all of our remaining bank borrowings. In December 2019, the Bank closed an initial public offering of 1,840,000 shares of its Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, with a $46.0 million aggregate liquidation amount, yielding net proceeds of $42.5 million, which were recorded in the Bank’s shareholders’ equity. Dividends are payable quarterly from the date of issuance to, but excluding April 1, 2025, at a rate of 8% per annum, and from and including April 1, 2025, at a floating rate equal to a benchmark rate (which is based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, and is expected to be three-month Term SOFR) plus a spread of 6.46% per annum. The net proceeds from the December 2020, February 2021, March 2021, April 2021, September 2023, December 2023 (as amended and increased in June 2024), and August 2024 private placements were used for general corporate purposes, including repayment of outstanding debt, including repayment of our 9.00% retail notes at maturity in April 2021 and to pay down other borrowings, including some borrowings at a discount, and to repurchase, repay, and cancel $36.0 million of our 8.25% notes, which matured in March 2024. The table below presents the components of our debt as of September 30, 2024, exclusive of deferred financing costs of $8.4 million. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for details of the contractual terms of our borrowings. (Dollars in thousands) Balance Percentage (1) Rate (2) Deposits (3) $ 2,110,603 88 % 3.68 % Privately placed notes 146,500 6 8.12 SBA debentures and borrowings 70,250 3 3.53 Trust preferred securities 33,000 1 7.38 Federal reserve and other borrowings 35,000 1 5.00 Total outstanding debt $ 2,395,353 100 % 4.01 % (1) Percentages may not foot due to rounding. (2) Weighted average contractual rate as of September 30, 2024. (3) Balance excludes $2.3 million of strategic partner reserve deposits as of September 30, 2024. Our contractual obligations expire on or mature at various dates through September 2037. The following table presents our contractual obligations at September 30, 2024. Payments due by period (Dollars in thousands) Less than 1 year 1 – 2 years 2 – 3 years 3 – 4 years 4 – 5 years More than 5 years Total (1) Borrowings Deposits (2) $ 957,570 $ 387,112 $ 434,280 $ 141,074 $ 190,567 $ — $ 2,110,603 Privately placed notes — 31,250 53,750 39,000 — 22,500 146,500 SBA debentures and borrowings 14,000 14,000 2,000 1,250 1,250 37,750 70,250 Trust preferred securities — — — — — 33,000 33,000 Federal reserve and other borrowings 35,000 — — — — — 35,000 Total outstanding borrowings 1,006,570 432,362 490,030 181,324 191,817 93,250 2,395,353 Operating lease obligations 2,540 2,562 1,827 588 586 698 8,801 Total contractual obligations $ 1,009,110 $ 434,924 $ 491,857 $ 181,912 $ 192,403 $ 93,948 $ 2,404,154 (1) Total debt is exclusive of deferred financing costs of $8.4 million as of September 30, 2024. (2) Balance excludes $2.3 million of strategic partner reserve deposits as of September 30, 2024. Approximately $1.3 billion of our borrowings have maturity dates during the next two years, a majority of which are brokered CDs that have no right of voluntary withdrawal. Page 56 of 61 In addition, the illiquidity of portions of our loan portfolio and investments may adversely affect our ability to dispose of them at times when it may be advantageous for us to liquidate such portfolio or investments. In addition, if we were required to liquidate some or all of our portfolio, the proceeds of such liquidation may be significantly less than the current value of such investments. Because we borrow money to make loans and investments, our net operating income is dependent upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest these funds. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our interest income. In periods of sharply rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which would reduce our net interest income. We use a combination of long-term and short-term borrowings and equity capital to finance our lending and investing activities. Our long-term fixed-rate investments are financed primarily with fixed-rate debt. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. We have analyzed the potential impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Assuming that the balance sheet were to remain constant and no actions were taken to alter the existing interest rate sensitivity a hypothetical immediate 1% increase in interest rates would result in an increase to net income as of September 30, 2024 by $1.9 million on an annualized basis, and the impact of such an immediate increase of 1% over a one year period would have been a reduction in net income by $2.6 million at September 30, 2024. Although management believes that this measure is indicative of our sensitivity to interest rate changes, it does not adjust for potential changes in credit quality, size, and composition of the assets on the balance sheet, and other business developments that could affect net income from operations in a particular quarter or for the year taken as a whole. Accordingly, no assurances can be given that actual results would not differ materially from the potential outcome simulated by these estimates. From time to time, we work with investment banking firms and other financial intermediaries to investigate the viability of several other financing options which include, among others, the sale or spinoff of certain assets or divisions, the development of a securitization conduit program, and other independent financing for certain subsidiaries or asset classes. These financing options would also provide additional sources of funds for both external expansion and continuation of internal growth. The following table illustrates sources of available funds for us and each of our subsidiaries, and amounts outstanding under trust preferred securities and borrowings and their respective end of period weighted average interest rates at September 30, 2024. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about each borrowing. (Dollars in thousands) Medallion Financial Corp. Medallion Funding LLC Medallion Capital Inc. Freshstart Venture Capital Corp. Medallion Bank September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Cash, cash equivalents and federal funds sold $ 21,037 $ 249 $ 15,086 (1) $ 3,211 $ 148,346 $ 187,929 $ 149,845 Trust preferred securities 33,000 33,000 33,000 Average interest rate 7.38 % 7.38 % 7.75 % Maturity 9/37 9/37 9/37 Retail and privately placed notes 146,500 146,500 139,500 Average interest rate 8.12 % 8.12 % 8.08 % Maturity 2/26 - 8/39 2/26 - 8/39 3/24 - 12/33 SBA debentures & borrowings Amounts available 28,750 28,750 10,250 Amounts outstanding 70,250 70,250 75,250 Average interest rate 3.53 % 3.53 % 3.69 % Maturity 3/25- 3/34 9/24- 3/34 3/24 - 3/34 Brokered CDs 2,112,853 (2) 2,112,853 1,870,939 Average interest rate 3.68 % 3.68 % 3.07 % Maturity 10/24-8/29 10/24-8/29 1/24 - 12/28 Federal reserve and other borrowings 35,000 35,000 — Average interest rate 5.00 % 5.00 % — Maturity N/A N/A — Total cash $ 21,037 $ 249 $ 15,086 $ 3,211 $ 148,346 $ 187,929 $ 149,845 Total debt outstanding $ 179,500 $ — $ 70,250 $ — $ 2,147,853 $ 2,397,603 $ 2,118,689 (1) Cash resides in the applicable SBIC and is generally not available for corporate use. (2) Includes deposits of $2.3 million related to the strategic partnership business and $10.9 million related to listing services. Loan amortization, prepayments, and sales also provide a source of funding for us. Prepayments on loans are influenced significantly by general interest rates, taxi medallion loan market values, economic conditions, and competition. We also generate liquidity through deposits generated at the Bank, the offering of privately placed notes, through the issuance of SBA debentures, through our trust preferred securities, and through preferred securities at our subsidiaries and have utilized borrowing arrangements with other banks in the past, as well as from cash flow from operations. In addition, we may choose to participate out a greater portion of our loan portfolio to third parties. We regularly seek additional sources of liquidity; however, given current market conditions, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure additional liquidity on terms favorable to us or at all. If that occurs, we may decline to underwrite lower yielding loans in order to conserve capital until credit conditions in the market become more favorable; or we may be required to dispose of assets when we would not otherwise do so, and at prices which may be below the net book value of such assets in order for us to repay indebtedness on a timely basis. Page 57 of 61 Dividends and Stock Repurchases Beginning in March 2022, the Company's board of directors reinstated our quarterly dividend. A dividend of $0.08 per share was paid in March, May, and August 2023. On October 24, 2023, the Company’s board of directors authorized and increased the quarterly dividend to $0.10 per share, and a dividend of $0.10 per share was paid in November 2023, March 2024, May 2024, and August 2024. On October 25, 2024, the Company’s board of directors further authorized and increased the quarterly dividend to $0.11 per share, to be paid in November 2024. The Company currently expects to continue to pay quarterly dividends at the current rate for the foreseeable future. We may, however, re-evaluate the dividend policy in the future depending on market conditions. There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay any cash distributions, as we may retain our earnings to facilitate the growth of our business, to finance our investments, to provide liquidity, or for other corporate purposes. On April 29, 2022, our board of directors authorized a new stock repurchase program with no expiration date, pursuant to which we were authorized to repurchase up to $35 million of our shares, which was increased to $40 million on August 10, 2022, also with no expiration date. Such new repurchase program replaced the previous one, which was terminated. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 122,344 shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $1.0 million. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2024, up to $15,392,299 of shares remained authorized for repurchase under our stock repurchase program. ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITAT IVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK There has been no material change in disclosure regarding quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk since we filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a—15(e) and 15d – 15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and have concluded that they are effective as of September 30, 2024 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting As required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, and have concluded that there have been no changes that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Page 58 of 61 PART II—OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS See Note 10 “Commitments and Contingencies” subsections (c) and (d) to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for details of the Company’s legal proceedings. ITEM 1A. RIS K FACTORS There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2024. ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUI TY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS On April 29, 2022, our board of directors authorized a new stock repurchase program with no expiration date, pursuant to which we were authorized to repurchase up to $35 million of our shares, which was increased to $40 million on August 10, 2022, also with no expiration date. Such new repurchase program replaced the previous one, which was terminated. During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 122,344 shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $1.0 million. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2024, up to $15,392,299 of shares remained authorized for repurchase under our stock repurchase program. Total Numbers of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Total Amount Paid Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet to Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs July 1 - July 31 — $ — — $ — $ 16,357,829 August 1 - August 31 122,344 7.89 122,344 965,530 15,392,299 September 1 - September 30 — — — — 15,392,299 Total 122,344 $ 7.89 122,344 $ 965,530 $ 15,392,299 ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION None of our directors or officers adopted , modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during our fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Page 59 of 61 ITEM 6. EXHIBITS EXHIBITS Number Description 3.1 Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of Medallion Financial Corp., as amended and restated as of August 8, 2024. Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2024 (File No. 001-37747) and incorporated by reference herein. 10.1 Amendment 2 to Cooperation Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2024, by and among Medallion Financial Corp., KORR Value L.P., KORR Acquisitions Group, Inc., Kenneth Orr, David Orr, and Jonathan Orr. Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A on November 4, 2024 (File No. 001-37747) and incorporated by reference herein. 31.1 Certification of Alvin Murstein pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith. 31.2 Certification of Anthony N. Cutrone pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith. 32.1 Certification of Alvin Murstein pursuant to 18 USC. Section 1350, as adopted, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith. 32.2 Certification of Anthony N. Cutrone pursuant to 18 USC. Section 1350, as adopted, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith. 101.INS XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) Page 60 of 61 SIGNAT URES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. MEDALLION FINANCIAL CORP. Date: November 6, 2024 By: /s/ Alvin Murstein Alvin Murstein Chairman and Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Anthony N. Cutrone Anthony N. Cutrone Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Signing on behalf of the registrant as principal financial and accounting officer. Page 61 of 61