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Item 1A. Risk Factors

2021-02-17 compared with 2020-02-19 · 197 added, 141 removed, 80 unchanged (81% of the section changed)

The factors described below represent the principal risks associated with our business.

Trends in oil and gas prices affect the level of exploration, development and production activity of our customers, and the demand for our services and products, which could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Demand for our services and products in our Oilfield Services business is particularly sensitive to the level of exploration, development and production activity of, and the corresponding capital spending by, oil and gas companies.

The level of exploration, development and production activity is directly affected by trends in demand for and prices of oil and gas, which historically have been volatile and are likely to continue to be volatile.

Prices for oil and gas are subject to large fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for oil and gas, market uncertainty, and a variety of other economic and political factors that are beyond our control.

Even the perception of longer-term lower oil and gas prices by oil and gas companies can similarly reduce or defer major expenditures given the long-term nature of many large-scale development projects.

Factors affecting the prices of oil and gas include the level of supply and demand for oil and gas, governmental regulations, including the policies of governments regarding the exploration for and production and development of their oil and gas reserves, weather conditions and natural disasters, worldwide political, military, and economic conditions, the level of oil and gas production by non-OPEC

(“Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries”) countries and the available excess production capacity within OPEC, the cost of producing and delivering oil and gas and potential acceleration of the development of alternative power generation, fuels and engine technologies.

Any prolonged reduction in oil and gas prices will depress the immediate levels of exploration, development, and production activity which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Global Conditions

pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We have been closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19

pandemic on all aspects of our business, including how it has and will impact our customers, employees, supply chain, and distribution network.

The effects of COVID-19

on the global economic environment have impacted, and are expected to continue to impact, the results of the Company significantly, particularly with respect to reduced demand within our Fuel Specialties and Oilfield Services segments, and we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that it may have on our business, future results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

The further extent to which our operations may be impacted by the COVID-19

pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted.

These include, but are not limited to, the availability and productivity of our employees, the duration and severity of the pandemic;

government restrictions on businesses and individuals;

the impact of the pandemic on our customers’ businesses and the resulting demand for our products;

the impact on our suppliers and supply chain network;

the impact on global economies, including the possibility of recession and depression, and the timing and rate of economic recovery;

the development of treatments and vaccines;

and potential adverse effects on the financial markets.

The impact of COVID-19,

as well as future pandemics or resurgences, may also exacerbate other risks discussed herein, any of which could have a material effect on us.

This situation is changing rapidly and additional impacts that may occur are currently unknown.

Competition and market conditions may adversely affect our operating results.

In certain markets, our competitors are larger than us and may have greater access to financial, technological and other resources.

As a result, competitors may be better able to adapt to changes in conditions in our industries, fluctuations in the costs of raw materials or changes in global economic conditions.

Competitors may also be able to introduce new products with enhanced features that may cause a decline in the demand and sales of our products.

Consolidation of customers or competitors, or economic problems of customers in our markets could cause a loss of market share for our products, place downward pressure on prices, result in payment delays or non-payment,

or declining plant utilization rates.

These risks could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Economic, political and operational developments related to the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union may adversely affect our business.

ceased to be a member of the E.U.

on January 31, 2020 (“Brexit”).

During a prescribed period, certain transitional arrangements were in effect, such that the U.K.

continued to be treated,

in most respects, as if it were still a member of the E.U., and generally remained subject to E.U.

On December 24, 2020, the E.U.

reached an agreement in principle on the terms of certain agreements and declarations governing the ongoing relationship between the E.U.

and the U.K., including the E.U.-U.K.

Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the “Agreement”).

The Agreement itself is limited in its scope to primarily the trade of goods, transport, energy links and fishing, and uncertainties remain relating to certain aspects of the U.K.’s future economic, trading and legal relationships with the E.U.

and with other countries.

The departure of the U.K.

from the E.U.

Single Market and Customs Union (as well as all E.U.

policies and international agreements) has ended free movement of goods between the U.K.

and the E.U., creating non-tariff

and quota barriers (such as customs checks at the borders between the E.U.

and the U.K.) to trade in goods, resulting in increased disruption and cost to businesses and requiring adjustments to integrated E.U.- U.K.

supply chains.

Moreover, the free movement of persons, services and capital between the U.K.

ended on January 1, 2021, which has meant the loss for U.K.

suppliers of services of their automatic right to offer such services across the E.U..

The actual or potential consequences of the Agreement, and the associated uncertainty, could adversely affect economic and market conditions in the U.K., in the E.U.

and its member states and elsewhere, and could contribute to instability in global financial markets.

Until the level of disruption and additional cost to trading in goods and services and to the movement of persons and capital between the U.K.

can be properly evaluated, it is not possible for us to determine the impact that the departure of the U.K.

from the E.U.

Single Market and Customs Union may have on us.

These developments may adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Continuing adverse global economic conditions could materially affect our current and future businesses.

Global economic factors affecting our business include, but are not limited to, geopolitical instability in some markets, miles driven by passenger and commercial vehicles, legislation to control fuel quality, impact of alternative propulsion systems, consumer demand for premium personal care and cosmetic products, and oil and gas drilling and production rates.

The availability, cost and terms of credit have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by the foregoing factors and these circumstances have produced, and may in the future result in, illiquid markets and wider credit spreads, which may make it difficult or more expensive for us to obtain credit.

Demand for all of our products may be adversely impacted by the continuing impact of the COVID-19

pandemic which will continue to create uncertainty in the markets in 2021 and possibly beyond.

Continuing uncertainties in the U.S.

and international markets and economies leading to a decline in business and consumer spending could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Domestic or international natural disasters, pandemics or terrorist attacks may disrupt our operations, decrease the demand for our products or otherwise have an adverse impact on our business.

Chemical related assets, and U.S.

corporations such as us, may be at greater risk of future terrorist attacks than other possible targets in the U.S., the United Kingdom and throughout the world.

Extraordinary events such as natural disasters and pandemics may negatively affect local economies, including those of our customers or suppliers.

The occurrence and consequences of such events cannot be predicted, but they can adversely impact economic conditions in general and in our specific markets.

The resulting damage from such events could include loss of life, severe injury and property damage or site closure.

Any of these matters could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

While Innospec maintains business continuity plans that are intended to allow it to continue operations or mitigate the effects of events that could disrupt its business, Innospec cannot provide assurances that its plans would fully protect it from all such events.

In addition, insurance maintained by Innospec to protect against property damage, loss of business and other related consequences resulting from catastrophic events is subject to coverage limitations, depending on the nature of the risk insured.

This insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of Innospec’s damages or damages to others in the event of a catastrophe.

In addition, insurance related to these types of risks may not be available now or, if available, may not be available in the future at commercially reasonable rates.

Business Operations

We face risks related to our foreign operations that may adversely affect our business.

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Any of these could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We are subject to extensive regulation of our international operations that could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Due to our global operations, we are subject to many laws governing international commercial activity, conduct and relations, including those that prohibit improper payments to government

officials, restrict where and with whom we can do business, and limit the products, software and technology that we can supply to certain countries and customers.

These laws include, but are not limited to, the U.S.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and United Kingdom Bribery Act, sanctions and assets control programs administered by the U.S.

Department of the Treasury and/or the European Union from time to time, and the U.S.

export control laws such as the regulations under the U.S.

Export Administration Act, as well as similar laws and regulations in other countries relevant to our business operations.

Violations of any of these laws or regulations, which are often complex in their application, may result in criminal or civil penalties that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We may not be able to consummate, finance or successfully integrate future acquisitions, partnerships or other opportunities into our business, which could hinder our strategy or result in unanticipated expenses and losses.

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The success of these transactions depends on our ability to efficiently complete transactions, integrate assets and personnel acquired in these transactions and apply our internal control processes to these acquired businesses.

Consummating acquisitions, partnerships or other opportunities and integrating acquisitions involves considerable expense, resources and management time commitments, and our failure to manage these as intended could result in unanticipated expenses and losses.

Consummating acquisitions, partnerships or other opportunities and integrating acquisitions

involves considerable expense, resources and management time commitments, and our failure to manage these as intended could result in unanticipated expenses and losses.

Post-acquisition integration may result in unforeseen difficulties and may deplete significant financial and management resources that could otherwise be available for the ongoing development or expansion of existing operations.

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Any of these risks could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Competition and market conditions may adversely affect our operating results.

In certain markets, our competitors are larger than us and may have greater access to financial, technological and other resources.

As a result, competitors may be better able to adapt to changes in conditions in our industries, fluctuations in the costs of raw materials or changes in global economic conditions.

Competitors may also be able to introduce new products with enhanced features that may cause a decline in the demand and sales of our products.

or declining plant utilization rates.

These risks could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Political developments may adversely affect our business

On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom (U.K.) held a referendum in which voters approved an exit from the European Union (E.U.), commonly referred to as “Brexit”.

Subsequently, the U.K.

parliament passed the European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017, which

conferred power on the U.K.

government to give notice to the European Council, under Article 50(2) of the Treaty on European Union, of the U.K.’s intention to withdraw from the European Union.

submitted this notice to the European Council on March 29, 2017.

left the E.U.

on January 31, 2020.

A transition period now exists until December 31, 2020, during which businesses in the U.K.

will trade on essentially very similar if not the same terms as before and E.U.

law will continue to apply in the U.K.

while the detailed legal agreement on the future relationship between the U.K.

is being negotiated.

If a future trading relationship is not agreed between the U.K.

before the end of the transition period then there are likely to be greater restrictions on imports and exports between the U.K.

member states and increased regulatory complexities for businesses trading goods and services between those jurisdictions.

For example, during the proposed transition period, goods first lawfully put on the market in the E.U.

or in the U.K.

prior to the end of the transition period can circulate between the two markets before they reach the end user, but following the end of the transition period or in a No Deal scenario, they may not be able to do so without complying with additional requirements first.

These political developments may adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We could be adversely affected by technological changes in our industry.

Our ability to maintain or enhance our technological capabilities, develop and market products and applications that meet changing customer requirements, and successfully anticipate or respond to technological changes in a cost effective and timely manner will likely impact our future business success.

We compete on a number of fronts including, but not limited to, product quality and performance.

In the case of some of our products, our competitors are larger than us and may have greater access to financial, technological and other resources.

Technological changes include, but are not limited to, the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, and the subsequent impact on the demand for gasoline and diesel.

Our inability to maintain a technological edge, innovate and improve our products could cause a decline in the demand and sales of our products, and adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Having a small number of significant customers may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Our principal customers are oil and gas exploration and production companies, oil refineries, personal care companies, and other chemical and industrial companies.

These industries are characterized by a concentration of a few large participants.

The loss of a significant customer, a material reduction in demand by a significant customer or termination or non-renewal

of a significant customer contract could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Our United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Movements in the underlying plan asset value and Projected Benefit Obligation (“PBO”) of our United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan are dependent on actual return on investments as well as our assumptions in respect of the discount rate, annual member mortality rates, future return on assets and future inflation.

A change in any one of these assumptions could impact the plan asset value, PBO and pension credit recognized in the income statement.

If future plan investment returns prove insufficient to meet future obligations, or should future obligations increase due to actuarial factors or changes in pension legislation, then we may be required to make additional cash contributions.

These events could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We may have additional tax liabilities.

We are subject to income and other taxes in the U.S.

and other jurisdictions.

Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied.

Significant judgment is required in estimating our worldwide provision for income taxes.

In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain.

Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, any final determination pursuant to tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different to what is reflected in our consolidated financial statements.

Should any tax authority disagree with our estimates and determine any additional tax liabilities, including interest and penalties for us, this could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Our success depends on our management team and other key personnel, the loss of any of whom could disrupt our business operations.

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If we are unsuccessful in our efforts in this regard, this could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Continuing adverse global economic conditions could materially affect our current and future businesses.

The availability, cost and terms of credit have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by

the foregoing factors and these circumstances have produced, and may in the future result in, illiquid markets and wider credit spreads, which may make it difficult or more expensive for us to obtain credit.

Continuing uncertainties in the U.S.

and international markets and economies leading to a decline in business and consumer spending could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

An information technology system failure may adversely affect our business.

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cyber-attacks or other security breaches to our computer systems.

As we have disclosed in the second quarter of 2019, we experienced a network security incident that prevented access to certain information technology systems and data within our network.

Even after our remediation efforts, our systems, processes, software and network may be vulnerable to internal or external security breaches, computer viruses, malware or other malicious code or cyber-attack, catastrophic events, power interruptions, hardware failures, fire, natural disasters, human error, system failures and disruptions, and other events that could have security consequences.

Our systems, processes, software and network may be vulnerable to internal or external security breaches, computer viruses, malware or other malicious code or cyber-attack, catastrophic events, power interruptions, hardware failures, fire, natural disasters, human error, system failures and disruptions, and other events that could have security consequences.

An information technology failure or disruption could prevent us from being able to process transactions with our customers, operate our manufacturing facilities, and properly report those transactions in a timely manner.

Whilst we have insurance coverage in place that may, subject to policy terms and conditions, cover certain aspects of cyber risks, this insurance coverage is subject to certain limitations and may not be applicable to a particular incident or otherwise be sufficient to cover all our losses beyond any coverage limitations.

Our information technology costs may increase to ensure the appropriate level of cyber security as we continuously adapt to the changing technological environment.

Whilst we have limited insurance coverage in place that may, subject to policy terms and conditions, cover certain aspects of cyber risks, this insurance coverage is subject to certain limitations and may not be applicable to a particular incident or otherwise be sufficient to cover all our losses beyond any coverage limitations.

Furthermore, a significant or protracted information technology system failure may result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Decline in our TEL business

The remaining sales of the Octane Additives business are now concentrated to one remaining refinery customer.

When this customer chooses to cease using TEL as an octane enhancer then the Company’s future operating income and cash flows from operating activities will be materially impacted.

While we cannot be certain, we expect the possible conclusion of revenues from our Octane Additives segment in the early part of 2020.

The sales of the AvTel product line are recorded within our Fuel Specialties business.

The Octane Additives business has ceased trading and is no longer a reporting segment from July 1, 2020 as the production of TEL for use in motor gasoline has finished.

Legacy costs related to these operations are now being recorded as operating expenses within corporate costs.

The continued sales of TEL for use in aviation fuel (“AvTel”) are recorded within our Fuel Specialties business.

The piston aviation industry has been, and is currently, researching a safe replacement fuel to replace leaded fuel.

While we expect that at some point in the future a replacement fuel will be identified, trialed and supplied to the industry, there is no currently known replacement.

The Federal Aviation Administration program (Piston Aviation Fuels Initiative) has been established to identify a replacement and candidate fuels are at an early pre-screening

This process is currently suspended and anticipated to restart in 2021.

The timescale beyond this stage is unclear, but the full testing program will, of necessity, be long and comprehensive.

While we expect that at some point in the future a replacement fuel will be identified, trialed and supplied to the industry, there is no currently available alternative.

In addition, there is no clear timescale on the legislation of a replacement product.

If a suitable

product is identified and the use of leaded fuel is prohibited in piston aviation the Company’s future operating income and cash flows from operating activities would be adversely impacted.

We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

We generate a portion of our revenues and incur some operating costs in currencies other than the U.S.

In addition, the financial position and results of operations of some of our overseas subsidiaries are reported in the relevant local currency and then translated to U.S.

dollars at the applicable currency exchange rates for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements.

Fluctuations in these currency exchange rates affect the recorded levels of our assets and liabilities, results of operations and cash flows.

The primary exchange rate fluctuation exposures we have are with the European Union euro, British pound sterling and Brazilian real.

Exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S.

dollar have fluctuated in recent years and may continue to do so.

We cannot accurately predict future exchange rate variability among these currencies or relative to the U.S.

While we take steps to manage currency exchange rate exposure, including entering into hedging transactions, we cannot eliminate all exposure to future exchange rate variability.

These exchange risks could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

If a suitable product is identified and the use of leaded fuel is prohibited in piston aviation the Company’s future operating income and cash flows from operating activities would be adversely impacted.

Failure to protect our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our future performance and cash flows.

Failure to maintain or protect our intellectual property rights may result in the loss of valuable technologies, or us having to pay other companies for infringing on their intellectual property rights.

Measures taken by us to protect our intellectual property may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable.

In addition, international intellectual property laws may be more restrictive or may offer lower levels of protection than under U.S.

We may also face patent infringement claims from our competitors which may result in substantial litigation costs, claims for damages or a tarnishing of our reputation even if we are successful in defending against these claims, which may cause our customers to switch to our competitors.

Any of these events could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Industry Matters

We could be adversely affected by technological changes in our industry.

We compete on a number of fronts including, but not limited to, product quality and performance.

In the case of some of our products, our competitors are larger than us and may have greater access to financial, technological and other resources.

Technological changes include, but are not limited to, the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, and the subsequent impact on the demand for gasoline and diesel.

Sharp and unexpected fluctuations in the cost of our raw materials and energy could adversely affect our profit margins.

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From time to time, we have entered into hedging arrangements for certain utilities and raw materials, but do not typically enter into hedging arrangements for all raw materials, chemicals or energy costs.

If the costs of raw materials, chemicals or energy increase, and we are not able to pass on these cost increases to our customers, then profit margins and cash flows from operating activities would be adversely impacted.

If the costs of raw materials, chemicals or energy increase, and we are not able to pass on these cost

increases to our customers, then profit margins and cash flows from operating activities would be adversely impacted.

If raw material costs increase significantly, then our need for working capital could increase.

Any of these risks could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

A disruption in the supply of raw materials or transportation services would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Although we try to anticipate problems with supplies of raw materials or transportation services by building certain inventories of strategic importance, transport operations are

exposed to various risks such as extreme weather conditions, natural disasters, technological problems, work stoppages as well as transportation regulations.

If the Company experiences transportation problems, or if there are significant changes in the cost of these services, the Company may not be able to arrange efficient alternatives and timely means to obtain raw materials or ship finished products, which could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

A high concentration of significant stockholders may have a material adverse impact on our stock price.

Approximately 48% of our common stock is held by five stockholders.

A decision by any of these, or other substantial, stockholders to sell all or a significant part of its holding, or a sudden or unexpected disposition of our stock, could result in a significant decline in our stock price which could in turn adversely impact our ability to access equity markets which in turn could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Failure to protect our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our future performance and cash flows.

Measures taken by us to protect our intellectual property may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable.

In addition, international intellectual property laws may be more restrictive or may offer lower levels of protection than under U.S.

Any of these events could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Our business is subject to the risk of manufacturing disruptions, the occurrence of which would adversely affect our results of operations.

We are subject to hazards which are common to chemical manufacturing, blending, storage, handling and transportation.

These hazards include fires, explosions, remediation, chemical spills and the release or discharge of toxic or hazardous substances together with the more generic risks of labor strikes or slowdowns, mechanical failure in scheduled downtime, extreme weather or transportation interruptions.

These hazards could result in loss of life, severe injury, property damage, environmental contamination and temporary or permanent manufacturing cessation.

Any of these factors could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Legal, Regulatory and Tax Matters

We are subject to extensive regulation of our international operations that could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Due to our global operations, we are subject to many laws governing international commercial activity, conduct and relations, including those that prohibit improper payments to government officials, restrict where and with whom we can do business, and limit the products, software and technology that we can supply to certain countries and customers.

These laws include, but are not limited to, the U.S.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and United Kingdom Bribery Act, sanctions and assets control programs administered by the U.S.

Department of the Treasury and/or the European Union from time to time, and the U.S.

export control laws such as the regulations under the U.S.

Export Administration Act, as well as similar laws and regulations in other countries relevant to our business operations.

Our United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

A change in any one of these assumptions could impact the plan asset value, PBO and pension credit recognized in the income statement.

These events could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We may have additional tax liabilities.

We are subject to income and other taxes in the U.S., the U.K., the E.U.

and other jurisdictions.

Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied.

Significant judgment is required in estimating our worldwide provision for income taxes.

In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain.

Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, any final determination pursuant to tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different to the amounts reflected in our consolidated financial statements.

Our products are subject to extensive government scrutiny and regulation.

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We cannot be sure that necessary approvals will be granted on a timely basis or at all.

Any delay in obtaining, or any

failure to obtain or maintain, these approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new products and to generate income from those products.

Any delay in obtaining, or any failure to obtain or maintain, these approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new products and to generate income from those products.

New or stricter laws and regulations may be introduced that could result in additional compliance costs and prevent or inhibit the development, manufacture, distribution and sale of our products.

Such outcomes could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Diverse chemical regulatory processes in different countries around the world might create complexity and additional cost.

REACH, which was precipitated by the U.K.’s exit from the European Union is one such example.

Legal proceedings and other claims could impose substantial costs on us.

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If there were to be unexpected or unknown contamination at these sites, or future plans for the sites or environmental laws change, then current provisions may prove inadequate, which could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We may be exposed to certain regulatory and financial risks related to climate change

The outcome of new or potential legislation or regulation in the U.S.

and other jurisdictions in which we operate may result in new or additional requirements, additional charges to fund energy efficiency activities, fees or restrictions on certain activities.

Compliance with these initiatives may also result in additional costs to us, including, among other things, increased production costs, additional taxes, reduced emission allowances or additional restrictions on production or operations.

Any adopted future climate change regulations could also negatively impact our ability to compete with companies situated in areas not subject to such limitations.

Even without such regulation, increased public awareness and adverse publicity about potential impacts on climate change emanating from us or our industry could harm us.

We may not be able to recover the cost of compliance with new or more stringent laws and regulations, which could adversely affect our business and negatively impact our growth.

Furthermore, the potential impacts of climate change and related regulation on our customers are highly uncertain and may adversely affect us.

Key Third Party Relationships

Having a small number of significant customers may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Our principal customers are oil and gas exploration and production companies, oil refiners, personal care companies, and other chemical and industrial companies.

These industries are characterized by a concentration of a few large participants.

The loss of a significant customer, a material reduction in demand by a significant customer or termination or non-renewal

of a significant customer contract could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

A disruption in the supply of raw materials or transportation services would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Although we try to anticipate problems with supplies of raw materials or transportation services by building certain inventories of strategic importance, transport operations are exposed to various risks such as extreme weather conditions, natural disasters, technological problems, work stoppages as well as transportation regulations.

The inability of counterparties to meet their contractual obligations could have a substantial adverse impact on our results of operations.

We sell products to oil companies, oil and gas exploration and production companies and chemical companies throughout the world.

Credit limits, ongoing credit evaluation and

account monitoring procedures are used to minimize bad debt risk.

Credit limits, ongoing credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize bad debt risk.

Collateral is not generally required.

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The inability of counterparties to meet their contractual obligations could have an adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Finance and Investment

We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

We generate a portion of our revenues and incur some operating costs in currencies other than the U.S.

In addition, the financial position and results of operations of some of our overseas subsidiaries are reported in the relevant local currency and then translated to U.S.

dollars at the applicable currency exchange rates for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements.

Fluctuations in these currency exchange rates affect the recorded levels of our assets and liabilities, results of operations and cash flows.

The primary exchange rate fluctuation exposures we have are with the European Union euro, British pound sterling and Brazilian real.

Exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S.

dollar have fluctuated in recent years and may continue to do so.

We cannot accurately predict future exchange rate variability among these currencies or relative to the U.S.

While we take steps to manage currency exchange rate exposure, including entering into hedging transactions, we cannot eliminate all exposure to future exchange rate variability.

These exchange risks could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

A high concentration of significant stockholders may have a material adverse impact on our stock price.

Approximately 51% of our common stock is held by five stockholders.

Our amended and restated by-laws

designate specific Delaware courts as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.

Our amended and restated by-laws

(the “By-laws”)

provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the appropriate court within the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum, to the fullest extent provided by law, for the following types of actions or proceedings:

any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation,

any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, other employee or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders,

any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), the Certificate of Incorporation, the By-laws,

or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction upon the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware,

any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or

any other internal corporate claim as defined in Section 115 of the DGCL.

This includes, to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws, lawsuits asserting both state law claims and claims under the federal securities laws.

This forum selection provision in the By-laws

may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.

It is also possible that, notwithstanding the forum selection clause included in the By-laws,

a court could rule that such a provision is inapplicable or unenforceable.

Application of the choice of forum provision may be limited in some instances by law.

Section 27 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) provides for exclusive federal court jurisdiction over Exchange Act claims.

Accordingly, to the extent the exclusive forum provision is held to cover a shareholder derivative action asserting claims under the Exchange Act, such claims could not be brought in the Delaware Court of Chancery and would instead be within the jurisdiction of the federal district court for the District of Delaware.

Section 22 of the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Our stockholders will not be deemed by operation of our choice of forum provision to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

The selection of legal jurisdiction for litigation claims may impact the outcome of legal proceedings which could impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

The provisions of our revolving credit facility may restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness or to otherwise expand our business.

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The revolving credit facility also contains a number of restrictions that limit our ability, among other things, and subject to certain limited exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness, pledge our assets as security, guarantee obligations of third parties, make investments, undergo a merger or consolidation, dispose of assets or materially change our line of business.

In addition, the revolving credit facility requires us to meet certain financial ratios, including ratios based on net debt to earnings before income tax, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and net interest expense to EBITDA.

In addition, the revolving credit facility requires us to meet certain financial ratios, including ratios based on net debt to earnings before income tax, depreciation and amortization

(“EBITDA”) and net interest expense to EBITDA.

Net debt, net interest expense and EBITDA are non-GAAP

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If we were found to be in default under the revolving credit facility, it could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Our business is subject to the risk of manufacturing disruptions, the occurrence of which would adversely affect our results of operations.

We are subject to hazards which are common to chemical manufacturing, blending, storage, handling and transportation.

These hazards could result in loss of life,

severe injury, property damage, environmental contamination and temporary or permanent manufacturing cessation.