HA Sustainable Infrastructure Capital, Inc. 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements HANNON ARMSTRONG SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) (UNAUDITED) September 30, 2023 (unaudited) December 31, 2022 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 155,500 $ 155,714 Equity method investments 2,563,948 1,869,712 Commercial receivables, net of allowance of $ 51 million and $ 41 million, respectively 2,705,976 1,887,483 Government receivables 93,364 102,511 Receivables held-for-sale 16,660 85,254 Real estate 111,249 353,000 Investments 9,370 10,200 Securitization assets, net of allowance of $ 3 million and $ 0 , respectively 182,824 177,032 Other assets 69,253 119,242 Total Assets $ 5,908,144 $ 4,760,148 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Liabilities: Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other $ 150,584 $ 120,114 Credit facilities 486,724 50,698 Commercial paper notes 49,974 192 Term loans payable 567,244 379,742 Non-recourse debt (secured by assets of $ 245 million and $ 632 million, respectively) 167,622 432,756 Senior unsecured notes 1,782,197 1,767,647 Convertible notes 603,905 344,253 Total Liabilities 3,808,250 3,095,402 Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding — — Common stock, par value $ 0.01 per share, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 111,167,157 and 90,837,008 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 1,112 908 Additional paid-in capital 2,353,453 1,924,200 Accumulated deficit ( 348,929 ) ( 285,474 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 47,264 ( 10,397 ) Non-controlling interest 46,994 35,509 Total Stockholders’ Equity 2,099,894 1,664,746 Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $ 5,908,144 $ 4,760,148 See accompanying notes. - 1 - HANNON ARMSTRONG SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) (UNAUDITED) For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenue Interest income $ 54,295 $ 34,303 $ 145,624 $ 97,904 Rental income 6,039 6,609 19,013 19,716 Gain on sale of assets 22,405 14,490 52,915 51,252 Securitization asset income 5,620 4,403 13,381 9,943 Other income 1,492 345 2,353 2,614 Total revenue 89,851 60,150 233,286 181,429 Expenses Interest expense 43,295 29,556 120,413 85,035 Provision (benefit) for loss on receivables and securitization assets 9,792 ( 2,463 ) 12,481 6,222 Compensation and benefits 16,296 12,933 48,527 50,108 General and administrative 6,708 8,150 24,826 22,696 Total expenses 76,091 48,176 206,247 164,061 Income before equity method investments 13,760 11,974 27,039 17,368 Income (loss) from equity method investments 2,759 30,552 27,429 58,533 Income (loss) before income taxes 16,519 42,526 54,468 75,901 Income tax (expense) benefit 5,128 ( 7,585 ) 5,299 ( 13,794 ) Net income (loss) $ 21,647 $ 34,941 $ 59,767 $ 62,107 Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders 201 407 692 676 Net income (loss) attributable to controlling stockholders $ 21,446 $ 34,534 $ 59,075 $ 61,431 Basic earnings (loss) per common share $ 0.20 $ 0.39 $ 0.59 $ 0.70 Diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 0.20 $ 0.38 $ 0.59 $ 0.69 Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic 107,715,057 87,721,756 98,665,598 86,784,895 Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted 109,145,088 90,762,820 101,142,782 89,928,741 See accompanying notes. - 2 - HANNON ARMSTRONG SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Net income (loss) $ 21,647 $ 34,941 $ 59,767 $ 62,107 Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and securitization assets, net of tax benefit (provision) of $ 0.6 million and $ 0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $ 0.8 million and $ 2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 ( 20,614 ) ( 12,697 ) ( 17,046 ) ( 56,855 ) Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit (provision) of $( 26.4 ) million and $( 24.9 ) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $( 6.1 ) million and $( 9.7 ) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 76,597 20,109 75,481 31,910 Comprehensive income (loss) 77,630 42,353 118,202 37,162 Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders 917 456 1,465 405 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling stockholders $ 76,713 $ 41,897 $ 116,737 $ 36,757 See accompanying notes. - 3 - HANNON ARMSTRONG SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Non-controlling interests Total Shares Amount Balance at June 30, 2023 106,769 $ 1,068 $ 2,283,257 $ ( 326,413 ) $ ( 8,002 ) $ 43,998 $ 1,993,908 Net income (loss) — — — 21,446 — 201 21,647 Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and securitization assets — — — — ( 20,363 ) ( 251 ) ( 20,614 ) Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps — — — — 75,629 968 76,597 Issued shares of common stock 4,394 44 107,376 — — — 107,420 Equity-based compensation — — 688 — — 2,811 3,499 Conversion of convertible notes — — — — — — Issuance (repurchase) of vested equity-based compensation shares 3 — ( 33 ) — — — ( 33 ) Purchase of capped calls — — ( 37,835 ) — — — ( 37,835 ) Dividends and distributions — — — ( 43,962 ) — ( 733 ) ( 44,695 ) Balance at September 30, 2023 111,166 $ 1,112 $ 2,353,453 $ ( 348,929 ) $ 47,264 $ 46,994 $ 2,099,894 Balance at June 30, 2022 87,490 $ 875 $ 1,811,889 $ ( 232,590 ) $ ( 22,132 ) $ 33,473 $ 1,591,515 Net income (loss) — — — 34,534 — 407 34,941 Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and securitization assets — — — — ( 12,516 ) ( 181 ) ( 12,697 ) Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps — — — — 19,879 230 20,109 Issued shares of common stock 1,346 13 49,020 — — — 49,033 Equity-based compensation — — 606 — — 1,454 2,060 Issuance (repurchase) of vested equity-based compensation shares 3 — ( 49 ) — — — ( 49 ) Dividends and distributions — — — ( 33,361 ) — ( 525 ) ( 33,886 ) Balance at September 30, 2022 88,839 $ 888 $ 1,861,466 $ ( 231,417 ) $ ( 14,769 ) $ 34,858 $ 1,651,026 See accompanying notes. - 4 - Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Non-controlling interests Total Shares Amount Balance at December 31, 2022 90,837 $ 908 $ 1,924,200 $ ( 285,474 ) $ ( 10,397 ) $ 35,509 $ 1,664,746 Net income (loss) — — — 59,075 — 692 59,767 Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and securitization assets — — — — ( 16,841 ) ( 205 ) ( 17,046 ) Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps — — — — 74,502 979 75,481 Issued shares of common stock 20,261 203 466,190 — — — 466,393 Equity-based compensation — — 2,363 — — 12,614 14,977 Issuance (repurchase) of vested equity-based compensation shares 68 1 ( 1,467 ) — — — ( 1,466 ) Conversion of Convertible Notes — 2 — — — 2 Purchase of capped calls — — ( 37,835 ) — — — ( 37,835 ) Dividends and distributions — — — ( 122,530 ) — ( 2,595 ) ( 125,125 ) Balance at September 30, 2023 111,166 $ 1,112 $ 2,353,453 $ ( 348,929 ) $ 47,264 $ 46,994 $ 2,099,894 Balance at December 31, 2021 85,327 $ 853 $ 1,727,667 $ ( 193,706 ) $ 9,904 $ 21,797 $ 1,566,515 Net income (loss) — — — 61,431 — 676 62,107 Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and securitization assets — — — — ( 56,236 ) ( 619 ) ( 56,855 ) Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps — — — — 31,563 347 31,910 Issued shares of common stock 3,126 31 126,796 — — — 126,827 Equity-based compensation — — 2,545 — — 15,449 17,994 Issuance (repurchase) of vested equity-based compensation shares 103 1 ( 3,213 ) — — — ( 3,212 ) Conversion of convertible notes 283 3 7,671 — — — 7,674 Dividends and distributions — — — ( 99,142 ) — ( 2,792 ) ( 101,934 ) Balance at September 30, 2022 88,839 $ 888 $ 1,861,466 $ ( 231,417 ) $ ( 14,769 ) $ 34,858 $ 1,651,026 See accompanying notes. - 5 - HANNON ARMSTRONG SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) $ 59,767 $ 62,107 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Provision for loss on receivables 12,481 6,222 Depreciation and amortization 2,746 2,938 Amortization of financing costs 9,347 8,666 Equity-based compensation 14,977 17,994 Equity method investments ( 937 ) ( 26,340 ) Non-cash gain on securitization ( 34,080 ) ( 25,201 ) (Gain) loss on sale of receivables and investments 1,305 ( 218 ) Changes in receivables held-for-sale 40,183 5,466 Changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses 8,952 28,154 Change in accrued interest on receivables and investments ( 26,087 ) ( 10,077 ) Other 3,686 ( 5,736 ) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 92,340 63,975 Cash flows from investing activities Equity method investments ( 583,323 ) ( 143,645 ) Equity method investment distributions received 20,259 99,599 Proceeds from sales of equity method investments — 1,700 Purchases of and investments in receivables ( 1,016,467 ) ( 337,517 ) Principal collections from receivables 167,406 106,695 Proceeds from sales of receivables 7,634 5,047 Purchases of real estate — ( 4,550 ) Purchases of investments and securitization assets ( 14,404 ) ( 2,329 ) Proceeds from sales of investments and securitization assets — 7,020 Funding of escrow accounts — ( 228 ) Withdrawal from escrow accounts — 15,156 Other ( 285 ) ( 815 ) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities ( 1,419,180 ) ( 253,867 ) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from credit facilities 777,000 100,000 Principal payments on credit facilities ( 342,000 ) ( 100,000 ) Proceeds from issuance of term loan 200,000 — Principal payments on term loan ( 9,575 ) — Proceeds from issuance of commercial paper notes 49,775 50,000 Principal payments on non-recourse debt ( 14,714 ) ( 22,127 ) Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes 402,500 200,000 Principal payments on convertible notes ( 143,748 ) — Purchase of capped calls related to the issuance of convertible notes ( 37,835 ) — Net proceeds of common stock issuances 465,015 127,008 Payments of dividends and distributions ( 115,087 ) ( 98,310 ) Withholdings on employee share vesting ( 1,466 ) ( 3,211 ) Payment of financing costs ( 13,302 ) ( 8,203 ) Receipt of hedge collateral 106,330 — Other ( 2,493 ) ( 8,128 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 1,320,400 237,029 Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash ( 6,440 ) 47,137 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period 175,972 251,073 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period $ 169,532 $ 298,210 Interest paid $ 91,988 $ 62,594 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity Residual assets retained from securitization transactions $ 26,020 $ 25,374 Equity method investments received upon deconsolidation of a special purpose entity 144,603 — Issuance of common stock from conversion of Convertible Notes — 7,674 Deconsolidation of non-recourse debt 257,746 — Deconsolidation of assets pledged for non-recourse debt 374,608 — See accompanying notes. - 6 - HANNON ARMSTRONG SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) September 30, 2023 1. The Company Hannon Armstrong Sustainable Infrastructure Capital, Inc. (the “Company”) actively partners with clients to deploy real assets that facilitate the energy transition. Our investments take many forms, including equity, joint ventures, land ownership, lending, and other financing transactions. We generate Net Investment Income from our portfolio, and fees through gain-on-sale securitization transactions, asset management and servicing, broker/dealer and other services. We also generate recurring income through our residual ownership in securitization and syndication structures. The Company and its subsidiaries are hereafter referred to as “we,” “us” or “our.” We refer to the income producing assets that we hold on our balance sheet as our “Portfolio.” Our Portfolio includes: • equity investments in either preferred or common structures in unconsolidated entities; • commercial and government receivables; • real estate; and • investments in debt securities. We finance our business through cash on hand, non-recourse debt, recourse debt, convertible securities, or equity and may also decide to finance such transactions through the use of off-balance sheet securitization structures. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “HASI.” We have qualified as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and also intend to continue to operate our business in a manner that will maintain our exemption from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), as amended. We operate our business through, and serve as the sole general partner of, our operating partnership subsidiary, Hannon Armstrong Sustainable Infrastructure, L.P., (the “Operating Partnership”), which was formed to acquire and directly or indirectly own our assets. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary to present fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been included. Our results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in our annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Certain amounts in the prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and controlled subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Following the guidance for non-controlling interests in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”), references in this report to our earnings per share and our net income and stockholders’ equity attributable to common stockholders do not include amounts attributable to non-controlling interests. Consolidation We account for our investments in entities that are considered voting interest entities or variable interest entities (“VIEs”) under ASC 810 and assess on an ongoing basis whether we should consolidate these entities. We have established various - 7 - special purpose entities or securitization trusts for the purpose of securitizing certain assets that are not consolidated in our financial statements as described below in Securitization of Financial Assets. Since we have assessed that we have power over and receive the benefits from those special purpose entities that are formed for the purpose of holding our assets on our balance sheet, we have concluded we are the primary beneficiary and should consolidate these entities under the provisions of ASC 810. We also have certain subsidiaries we deem to be voting interest entities that we control through our ownership of voting interests and accordingly consolidate. Certain of our equity method investments were determined to be interests in VIEs in which we are not the primary beneficiary, as we do not direct the significant activities of these entities, and thus we account for those investments as Equity Method Investments as discussed below. Our maximum exposure to loss through these investments is typically limited to their recorded values. However, we may provide financial commitments to these VIEs or guarantee certain of their obligations. Certain other entities in which we have equity investments have been assessed to be voting interest entities and as we exert significant influence rather than control through our ownership of voting interests, we do not consolidate them and thus account for them as equity method investments described below. Equity Method Investments We have made equity investments, typically in structures where we have a preferred return position. These investments are typically owned in holding companies (using limited liability companies (“LLCs”) taxed as partnerships) where we partner with either the operator of the project or other institutional investors. We share in the cash flows, income and tax attributes according to a negotiated schedule that typically does not correspond with our ownership percentages. Investors, if any, in a preferred return position typically receive a priority distribution of all or a portion of the project’s cash flows, and in some cases, tax attributes. Once the preferred return, if applicable, is achieved, the partnership “flips” and common equity investors, often the operator of the project, receive a larger portion of the cash flows, with the previously preferred investors retaining an on-going residual interest. Our equity investments in climate solutions projects are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the carrying value of these equity method investments is determined based on amounts we invested, adjusted for the equity in earnings or losses of the investee allocated based on the LLC agreement, less distributions received. For the LLC agreements that contain preferences with regard to cash flows from operations, capital events and liquidation, we reflect our share of profits and losses by determining the difference between our claim on the investee’s reported book value at the beginning and the end of the period, adjusted for distributions received and contributions made. This claim is calculated as the amount we would receive if the investee were to liquidate all of its assets at the recorded amounts determined in accordance with GAAP and distribute the resulting cash to creditors and investors in accordance with their respective priorities. This method is referred to as the hypothetical liquidation at book value method (“HLBV”). Our exposure to loss in these investments is limited to the amount of our equity investment, as well as receivables from or guarantees made to the same investee. Any difference between the amount of our investment and the amount of underlying equity in net assets at the time of our investment is generally amortized over the life of the assets and liabilities to which the difference relates. Cash distributions received from each equity method investment are classified as operating activities to the extent of cumulative earnings for each investment in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Our initial investment and additional cash distributions beyond the amounts that are classified as operating activities are classified as investing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We typically recognize earnings one quarter in arrears for certain of these investments to allow for the receipt of financial information. We evaluate on a quarterly basis whether the current carrying value of our investments accounted for using the equity method have an other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”). An OTTI occurs when the estimated fair value of an investment is below the carrying value and the difference is determined to not be recoverable in the near term. First, we consider both qualitative and quantitative evidence whether there may be indicators of a loss in investment value below carrying value. After considering the weight of available evidence, if it is determined that there is an indication of loss in investment value, we will perform a fair value analysis. If the resulting fair value is less than the carrying value, we will determine if this loss in value is OTTI, and we will recognize any OTTI in the income statement as an impairment. This evaluation requires significant judgment regarding, but not limited to, the severity and duration of the impairment; the ability and intent to hold the securities until recovery; financial condition, liquidity, and near-term prospects of the issuer; specific events; and other factors. Commercial and Government Receivables Commercial and government receivables (“receivables”) include project loans and receivables. These receivables are separately presented in our balance sheet to illustrate the differing nature of the credit risk related to these assets. Unless otherwise noted, we generally have the ability and intent to hold our receivables for the foreseeable future and accordingly we classify them as held for investment. Our ability and intent to hold certain receivables may change from time to time depending on a number of factors including economic, liquidity and capital market conditions. At inception of the arrangement, the - 8 - carrying value of receivables held for investment represents the present value of the note, lease or other payments, net of any unearned fee income, which is recognized as income over the term of the note or lease using the effective interest method. Receivables that are held for investment are carried at amortized cost, net of any unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and include origination and acquisition costs, as applicable. Our initial investment and principal repayments of these receivables are classified as investing activities and the interest collected is classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Receivables that we intend to sell in the short-term are classified as held-for-sale and are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value on our balance sheet, which is assessed on an individual asset basis. The purchases and proceeds from receivables that we intend to sell at origination are classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Interest collected is classified as an operating activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Receivables from certain projects are subordinate to preferred investors in a project who are allocated the majority of such project’s cash in the early years of the investment. According, such receivables may include the ability to defer scheduled interest payments in exchange for increasing the receivable balance. We generally accrue this paid-in-kind (“PIK”) interest when collection is expected, and cease accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or we expect that any portion of the principal or interest due is not collectible. The change in PIK in any period is included in Change in accrued interest on receivables and investments line in the operating section of our statement of cash flows. We evaluate our receivables for an allowance as determined under ASC Topic 326 Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (“Topic 326”) and for our internally derived asset performance categories included in Note 6 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or other conditions warrant such an evaluation. When a receivable becomes 90 days or more past due, and if we otherwise do not expect the debtor to be able to service all of its debt or other obligations, we will generally consider the receivable delinquent or impaired and place the receivable on non-accrual status and cease recognizing income from that receivable until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and intent to pay contractual amounts due. If a receivable’s status significantly improves regarding the debtor’s ability to service the debt or other obligations, we will remove it from non-accrual status. We determine our allowance based on the current expectation of credit losses over the contractual life of our receivables as required by Topic 326. We use a variety of methods in developing our allowance, including discounted cash flow analysis and probability-of-default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”) methods. In developing our estimates, we consider our historical experience with our and similar assets in addition to our view of both current conditions and what we expect to occur within a period of time for which we can develop reasonable and supportable forecasts, typically two years . For periods following the reasonable and supportable forecast period, we revert to historical information when developing assumptions used in our estimates. In developing our forecasts, we consider a number of qualitative and quantitative factors in our assessment, which may include a project’s operating results, loan-to-value ratio, any cash reserves, the ability of expected cash from operations to cover the cash flow requirements currently and into the future, key terms of the transaction, the ability of the borrower to refinance the transaction, other credit support from the sponsor or guarantor and the project’s collateral value. In addition, we consider the overall economic environment, the climate solutions sector, the effect of local, industry, and broader economic factors, such as unemployment rates and power prices, the impact of any variation in weather and the historical and anticipated trends in interest rates, defaults and loss severities for similar transactions. For those assets where we record our allowance using a discounted cash flow method, we have elected to record the change in allowance due solely to the passage of time through the provision for loss on receivables in our income statement. For assets where the obligor is a publicly rated entity, we consider the published historical performance of entities with similar ratings in developing our estimate of an allowance, making adjustments determined by management to be appropriate during the reasonable and supportable forecast period. We have made certain loan commitments that are within the scope of Topic 326. When estimating an allowance for these loan commitments we consider the probability of certain amounts to be funded and apply either a discounted cash flow or PD/LGD methodology as described above. We charge off receivables against the allowance, if any, when we determine the unpaid principal balance is uncollectible, net of recovered amounts. Any provision we record for an allowance is a non-cash reconciling item to cash from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Real Estate Real estate consists of land or other real property and its related lease intangibles, net of accumulated amortization. Our real estate is generally leased to tenants on a triple net lease basis, whereby the tenant is responsible for all operating expenses relating to the property, generally including property taxes, insurance, maintenance, repairs and capital expenditures. Certain real estate transactions may be characterized as “failed sale-leaseback” transactions as defined under ASC Topic 842, Leases , and thus are accounted for as financing transactions similarly to our commercial receivables as described above in Government and Commercial Receivables. For our real estate lease transactions that are classified as operating leases, the scheduled rental revenue typically varies during the lease term and thus rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis, unless there is considerable risk as to collectability, so as to produce a constant periodic rent over the term of the lease. Accrued rental income is the aggregate difference between the scheduled rents that vary during the lease term and the income recognized on a straight-line basis and is - 9 - recorded in other assets. Expenses, if any, related to the ongoing operation of leases where we are the lessor, are charged to operations as incurred. Our initial investment is classified as investing activities and income collected for rental income is classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. When our real estate transactions are treated as an asset acquisition with an operating lease, we typically record our real estate purchases at cost, including acquisition and closing costs, which is allocated to each tangible and intangible asset acquired on a relative fair value basis. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired leased property is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, and the “as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to land, building and tenant improvements, if any, based on the determination of the fair values of these assets. The as-if-vacant fair value of a property is typically determined by management based on appraisals by a qualified appraiser. In determining the fair value of the identified intangibles of an acquired property, above-market and below-market in-place lease values are valued based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases, and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease, including renewal periods reasonably certain of being exercised by the lessee. The capitalized off-market lease values are amortized as an adjustment of rental income over the term used to value the intangible. We also record, as appropriate, an intangible asset for in-place leases. The value of the leases in place at the time of the transaction is equal to the potential income lost if the leases were not in place. The amortization of this intangible occurs over the initial term unless management believes that it is reasonably certain that the tenant would exercise the renewal option, in which case the amortization would extend through the renewal period. If a lease were to be terminated, all unamortized amounts relating to that lease would be written off. Investments Investments are debt securities that meet the criteria of ASC 320, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities . We have designated our debt securities as available-for-sale and carry these securities at fair value on our balance sheet. Unrealized gains and losses, to the extent not considered to be credit related, on available-for-sale debt securities are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in equity on our balance sheet. When a security is sold, we reclassify the AOCI to earnings based on specific identification. Our initial investment and principal repayments of these investments are classified as investing activities and the interest collected is classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We evaluate our investments for impairment on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. Our impairment assessment is a subjective process requiring the use of judgments and assumptions. Accordingly, we regularly evaluate the extent and impact of any credit deterioration associated with the financial and operating performance and value of the underlying project. We consider several qualitative and quantitative factors in our assessment. The primary factor in our assessment is the current fair value of the security, while other factors include changes in the credit rating, performance of the underlying project, key terms of the transaction, the value of any collateral and any support provided by the sponsor or guarantor. To the extent that we have identified an impairment for a security, intend to hold the investment to maturity, and do not expect that we will be required to sell the security prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis, we will recognize only the credit component of the unrealized loss in earnings by recording an allowance against the amortized cost of the asset as required by Topic 326. We determine the credit component using the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows, discounted using the effective interest method or its estimated collateral value. Any remaining unrealized loss due to factors other than credit is recorded in AOCI. To the extent we hold investments with a fair value less than the amortized cost and we have made the decision to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, we recognize the entire portion of the impairment in earnings. Premiums or discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted into interest income using the effective interest method. Securitization of Financial Assets We have established various special purpose entities or securitization trusts for the purpose of securitizing certain financial assets. We determined that the trusts used in securitizations are VIEs, as defined in ASC 810. When we conclude that we are not the primary beneficiary of certain trusts because we do not have power over those trusts’ significant activities, we do not consolidate the trust. We typically serve as primary or master servicer of these trusts; however, as the servicer, we do not have the power to make significant decisions impacting the performance of the trusts. - 10 - We account for transfers of financial assets to these securitization trusts as sales pursuant to ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing (“ASC 860”), when we have concluded the transferred assets have been isolated from the transferor (i.e., put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership) and we have surrendered control over the transferred assets. When we are unable to conclude that we have been sufficiently isolated from the securitized financial assets, we treat such trusts as secured borrowings, retaining the assets on our balance sheet and recording the amounts due to the trust investor as non-recourse debt. For transfers treated as sales under ASC 860, we have received true-sale-at-law and non-consolidation legal opinions for all of our securitization trust structures to support our conclusion regarding the transferred financial assets. When we sell financial assets in securitizations, we generally retain interests in the form of servicing rights and residual assets, which we refer to as securitization assets. Gain or loss on the sale of financial assets is calculated based on the excess of the proceeds received from the securitization (less any transaction costs) plus any retained interests obtained over the cost basis of the assets sold. For retained interests, we generally estimate fair value based on the present value of future expected cash flows using our best estimates of the key assumptions of anticipated losses, prepayment rates, and current market discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. Cash flows related to our securitizations at origination are classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We initially account for all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities at fair value and subsequently measure such servicing assets and liabilities using the amortization method. Servicing assets and liabilities are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income with servicing income recognized as earned. We assess servicing assets for impairment at each reporting date. If the amortized cost of servicing assets is greater than the estimated fair value, we will recognize an impairment in net income. We account for our other retained interests in securitized financial assets, the residual assets, similar to available-for-sale debt securities and carry them at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in AOCI. Income related to the residual assets is recognized using the effective interest rate method and included in securitization income in our income statement. Our residual assets are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis under Topic 326. A residual asset is impaired if its fair value is less than its carrying value. The credit component of impairments, if any, are recognized by recording an allowance against the amortized cost of the asset. For changes in expected cash flows, we will calculate a new yield based on the current amortized cost of the residual assets and the revised expected cash flows. This yield is used prospectively to recognize our income related to these assets. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include short-term government securities, certificates of deposit and money market funds, all of which had an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. These securities are carried at their purchase price, which approximates fair value. Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes cash and cash equivalents set aside with certain lenders primarily to support obligations outstanding as of the balance sheet dates. Restricted cash is reported as part of other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 3 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q for disclosure of the balances of restricted cash included in other assets. Convertible Notes We have issued convertible and exchangeable senior notes (together, “Convertible Notes”) that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options , and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) . Under ASC 815, issuers of certain convertible or exchangeable debt instruments are generally required to separately account for the conversion or exchange option of the debt instrument as either a derivative or equity, unless it meets the scope exemption for contracts indexed to, and settled in, an issuer’s own equity. Since our conversion and exchange options are both indexed to our equity and can only be settled in our common stock, we have met the scope exemption, and therefore, we are not separately accounting for the embedded conversion or exchange options. The initial issuance and any principal repayments are classified as financing activities and interest payments are classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. If converted or exchanged, the carrying value of each Convertible Note is reclassified into stockholders’ equity. Derivative Financial Instruments We use derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps and collars, to manage, or hedge, our interest rate risk exposures associated with new debt issuances and anticipated refinancings of existing debt, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on floating-rate debt, and to optimize the mix of our fixed and floating-rate debt. Our objective is to reduce the impact of changes in interest rates on our results of operations and cash flows. The fair values of our interest rate - 11 - derivatives designated and qualifying as effective cash flow hedges are reflected in our consolidated balance sheets as a component of other assets (if in an unrealized asset position) or accounts payable, accrued expenses and other (if in an unrealized liability position) and in net unrealized gains and losses in AOCI as described below. The cash settlements of our interest rate swaps, if any, are classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. The interest rate derivatives we use are intended to be designated as cash flow hedges and are considered highly effective in reducing our exposure to the interest rate risk that they are designated to hedge. This effectiveness is required in order to qualify for hedge accounting. Instruments that meet the required hedging criteria are formally designated as hedging instruments at the inception of the derivative contract. Derivatives are recorded at fair value. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge and meets the highly effective threshold, the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in AOCI, net of associated deferred income tax effects and is recognized in earnings at the same time as the hedged item. For any derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, changes in fair value would be recognized in earnings in the period that the change occurs. We assess, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are highly effective in offsetting the changes in cash flows of the hedged items. We do not hold derivatives for trading purposes. Any collateral posted or received as credit support against derivative positions are netted against those derivatives in our balance sheets. Interest rate derivative contracts contain a credit risk that counterparties may be unable to fulfill the terms of the agreement. We attempt to minimize that risk by evaluating the creditworthiness of our counterparties, who are limited to major banks and financial institutions, and do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties due to their requirement to post collateral. We have entered into certain capped call transactions to mitigate the economic dilution that may result from the conversion or exchange of certain of our Convertible Notes. These transactions are freestanding equity-linked derivative instruments that qualify for the exemption for contracts indexed to, and settled in, an issuer’s own equity found in ASC 815, and accordingly the payment of the option premium was recorded as a reduction of Additional Paid-in-Capital within our Statement of Stockholders’ Equity. Income Taxes We elected and qualified to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. We also have taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) that are taxed separately, and that will generally be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes as well as taxes of foreign jurisdictions, if any. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet on an ongoing basis several organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we currently distribute at least 90% of our REIT’s net taxable income before dividends paid, excluding capital gains, to our stockholders. As a REIT, we are not subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on that portion of net income that is currently distributed to our owners. We account for income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) for our TRS using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the new rate is enacted. We evaluate any deferred tax assets for valuation allowances based on an assessment of available evidence including sources of taxable income, prior years taxable income, any existing taxable temporary differences and our future investment and business plans that may give rise to taxable income. We treat any tax credits we receive from our equity investments in renewable energy projects as reductions of federal income taxes of the year in which the credit arises. Any deferred tax impacts resulting from transfers of assets to or from our TRS are recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital, as it is a transfer amongst entities under common control. We apply ASC 740 with respect to how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented, and disclosed in the financial statements. This guidance requires the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more likely than not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. We are required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which includes U.S. federal and certain states. Equity-Based Compensation We have adopted equity incentive plans which provide for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, shares of restricted common stock, phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights, long-term incentive-plan units (“LTIP Units”) and other restricted limited partnership units issued by our Operating Partnership and other equity-based awards. From time to time, we may grant equity or equity-based awards under our equity incentive plans as compensation to our senior management team, independent directors, employees, advisors, consultants and other personnel. Certain awards - 12 - earned under each plan are based on achieving various performance targets, which are generally earned between 0 % and 200 % of the initial target, depending on the extent to which the performance target is met. In addition to performance targets, income or gain must be allocated by our Operating Partnership to certain LTIP Units issued by our Operating Partnership so that the capital accounts of such units are equalized with the capital accounts of other holders of OP units before parity is reached and LTIP Units can be converted to limited partnership units. We record compensation expense for grants made in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation . We record compensation expense for unvested grants that vest solely based on service conditions on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the entire award based upon the fair market value of the grant on the date of grant. Fair market value for restricted common stock is based on our share price on the date of grant. For awards where the vesting is contingent upon achievement of certain performance targets, compensation expense is measured based on the fair market value on the grant date and is recorded over the requisite service period (which includes the performance period). Actual performance results at the end of the performance period determines the number of shares that will ultimately be awarded. We have also issued awards where the vesting is contingent upon service being provided for a defined period and certain market conditions being met. The fair value of these awards, as measured at the grant date, is recognized over the requisite service period, even if the market conditions are not met. The grant date fair value of these awards was developed by an independent appraiser using a Monte Carlo simulation. Forfeitures of unvested awards are recognized as they occur. We have a retirement policy that provides for full vesting at retirement of any time-based awards that were granted prior to the date of retirement and permits the vesting of performance-based awards that were granted prior to the date of retirement according to the original vesting schedule of the award, subject to the achievement of the applicable performance measures and without the requirement for continued employment. Employees are eligible for the retirement policy upon meeting age and years of service criteria. We record compensation expense for unvested grants through the date in which an employee meets the retirement criteria. Earnings Per Share We compute earnings per share of common stock in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share . Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to controlling stockholders (after consideration of the earnings allocated to unvested grants, if applicable) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period excluding the weighted average number of unvested grants, if applicable (“participating securities” as defined in Note 12 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q). Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to controlling stockholders (after consideration of the earnings allocated to unvested grants, if applicable) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period plus other potential common stock instruments if they are dilutive. Other potentially dilutive common stock instruments include our unvested restricted stock, other equity-based awards, and Convertible Notes. The restricted stock and other equity-based awards are included if they are dilutive using the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that theoretical proceeds received for future service provided is used to purchase shares of treasury stock at the average market price per share of common stock, which is deducted from the total shares of potential common stock included in the calculation. When unvested grants are dilutive, the earnings allocated to these dilutive unvested grants are not deducted from the net income attributable to controlling stockholders when calculating diluted earnings per share. The Convertible Notes are included if they are dilutive using the if-converted method, which removes interest expense related to the Convertible Notes from the net income attributable to controlling stockholders and includes the weighted average shares of potential common stock over the period issuable upon conversion or exchange of the note. No adjustment is made for shares of potential common stock that are anti-dilutive during a period. Our capped call transactions are anti-dilutive and therefore their impact will be excluded from earnings per share. Segment Reporting We manage our business as a single portfolio, and accordingly report all of our activities as one business segment. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Accounting standards updates issued before November 3, 2023, and effective after September 30, 2023, are not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. - 13 - 3. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value accounting guidance provides a three-level hierarchy for classifying financial instruments. The levels of inputs used to determine the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities carried on the balance sheet at fair value and for those which only disclosure of fair value is required are characterized in accordance with the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. Where inputs for a financial asset or liability fall in more than one level in the fair value hierarchy, the financial asset or liability is classified in its entirety based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of that financial asset or liability. We use our judgment and consider factors specific to the financial assets and liabilities in determining the significance of an input to the fair value measurements. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, only our residual assets related to our securitization trusts, our derivatives, and our investments were carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: • Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date. • Level 2 — Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data. • Level 3 — Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The tables below illustrate the estimated fair value of our financial instruments on our balance sheet. Unless otherwise discussed below, fair values for our Level 2 and Level 3 measurements are measured using a discounted cash flow model, contractual terms and inputs which consist of base interest rates and spreads over base rates which are based upon market observation and recent comparable transactions. An increase in these inputs would result in a lower fair value and a decline would result in a higher fair value. Our senior unsecured notes and Convertible Notes are valued using a market based approach and observable prices. The receivables held-for-sale, if any, are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. As of September 30, 2023 Fair Value Carrying Value Level (in millions) Assets Commercial receivables $ 2,398 $ 2,706 Level 3 Government receivables 85 93 Level 3 Receivables held-for-sale 18 17 Level 3 Investments (1) 9 9 Level 3 Securitization residual assets (2) 183 183 Level 3 Derivative assets 100 100 Level 2 Liabilities (3) Credit facilities $ 487 $ 487 Level 3 Commercial paper notes 50 50 Level 3 Term loans payable 573 573 Level 3 Non-recourse debt 158 170 Level 3 Senior unsecured notes 1,589 1,795 Level 2 Convertible Notes: 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes 393 405 Level 2 2025 Exchangeable Senior Notes 193 210 Level 2 Total Convertible Notes 586 615 (1) The amortized cost of our investments as of September 30, 2023, was $ 12 million. (2) Included in securitization assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The amortized cost of our securitization residual assets net of allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023 was $ 247 million. (3) Fair value and carrying value exclude unamortized financing costs. - 14 - As of December 31, 2022 Fair Value Carrying Value Level (in millions) Assets Commercial receivables $ 1,859 $ 1,887 Level 3 Government receivables 96 103 Level 3 Receivables held-for-sale 92 85 Level 3 Investments (1) 10 10 Level 3 Securitization residual assets (2) 177 177 Level 3 Liabilities (3) Credit facilities $ 51 $ 51 Level 3 Commercial paper notes — — Level 3 Term loan facility 384 384 Level 3 Non-recourse debt 402 442 Level 3 Senior unsecured notes 1,546 1,784 Level 2 Convertible Notes: 2022 Convertible Senior Notes 137 143 Level 2 2023 Convertible Senior Notes 185 206 Level 2 Total Convertible Notes 322 349 (1) The amortized cost of our investments as of December 31, 2022, was $ 12 million. (2) Included in securitization assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The amortized cost of our securitization residual assets as of December 31, 2022, was $ 224 million. (3) Fair value and carrying value exclude unamortized financing costs. Securitization residual assets The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances for our Level 3 securitization residual assets that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value recorded through AOCI: For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in millions) Balance, beginning of period $ 204 $ 178 $ 177 $ 210 Accretion of securitization residual assets 4 4 11 9 Additions to securitization residual assets 1 10 27 25 Collections of securitization residual assets ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 13 ) ( 10 ) Unrealized gains (losses) on securitization residual assets recorded in OCI ( 20 ) ( 12 ) ( 16 ) ( 56 ) Provision for loss on securitization residual assets ( 3 ) — ( 3 ) — Balance, end of period $ 183 $ 178 $ 183 $ 178 The following table illustrates our securitization residual assets in an unrealized loss position: Estimated Fair Value Unrealized Losses (1) Count of Securities Securities with a loss shorter than 12 months Securities with a loss longer than 12 months Securities with a loss shorter than 12 months Securities with a loss longer than 12 months Securities with a loss shorter than 12 months Securities with a loss longer than 12 months (in millions) September 30, 2023 $ 30 $ 143 $ 3 $ 66 18 67 December 31, 2022 118 51 27 22 66 12 (1) Other than the assets discussed in Note 5, loss position is due to interest rates movements and is not indicative of credit deterioration. We have the intent and ability to hold these investments until a recovery of fair value. - 15 - In determining the fair value of our securitization residual assets, we used a market-based risk-free rate and added a range of interest rate spreads of approximately 1 % to 6 % based upon transactions involving similar assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The weighted average discount rates used to determine the fair value of our securitization residual assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were 7.5 % and 6.8 %, respectively. Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements Our financial statements may include non-recurring fair value measurements related to acquisitions and non-monetary transactions, if any. Assets acquired in a business combination, if any, are recorded at their fair value. We may use third-party valuation firms to assist us with developing our estimates of fair value. Concentration of Credit Risk Commercial and government receivables, real estate leases and debt investments consist primarily of receivables from various projects, U.S. federal government-backed receivables, and investment grade state and local government receivables and do not, in our view, represent a significant concentration of credit risk given the large number of diverse offtakers and other obligors of the projects. Additionally, certain of our investments are collateralized by projects concentrated in certain geographic regions throughout the United States. These investments typically have structural credit protections to mitigate our risk exposure and, in most cases, the projects are insured for estimated physical loss, which helps to mitigate the possible risk from these concentrations. We had cash deposits that are subject to credit risk as shown below: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in millions) Cash deposits $ 156 $ 156 Restricted cash deposits (included in other assets) 14 20 Total cash deposits $ 170 $ 176 Amount of cash deposits in excess of amounts federally insured $ 158 $ 174 4. Non-Controlling Interest Units of limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership (“OP units”) that are owned by limited partners other than us are included in non-controlling interest on our consolidated balance sheets. The non-controlling interest holders are generally allocated their pro rata share of income, other comprehensive income and equity transactions. The outstanding OP units not held by us represent approximately 1 % of our outstanding OP units and are redeemable by the limited partners for cash, or at our option, for a like number of shares of our common stock. No OP units were redeemed by non-controlling interest holders during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022. We have also granted to members of our leadership team and directors LTIP Units pursuant to our equity incentive plans. LTIP Units issued to employees are held by HASI Management HoldCo LLC. The LTIP Units are designed to qualify as profits interests in the Operating Partnership and initially will have a capital account balance of zero and, therefore, will not have full parity with OP units with respect to liquidating distributions or other rights. However, the amended and restated agreement of limited partnership of the Operating Partnership (the “OP Agreement”) provides that “book gains,” or economic appreciation, in the Operating Partnership will be allocated first to the LTIP Units until the capital account per LTIP Units is equal to the capital account per-unit of the OP units. Under the terms of the OP Agreement, the Operating Partnership will revalue its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and any increase in valuation from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP Units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of OP unit holders. Once this has occurred, the LTIP Units will achieve full parity with the OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions and redemption rights. In addition to these attributes, there are vesting and settlement conditions similar to our other equity-based awards as discussed in Notes 2 and 11 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q. - 16 - 5. Securitization of Financial Assets The following summarizes certain transactions with securitization trusts: As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 2022 (in millions) Gains on securitizations $ 53 $ 51 Cost of financial assets securitized 424 454 Proceeds from securitizations 477 505 Residual and servicing assets 183 178 Cash received from residual and servicing assets 15 11 In connection with securitization transactions, we typically retain servicing responsibilities and residual assets. We generally receive annual servicing fees that are typically up to 0.25 % of the outstanding balance. We may periodically make servicer advances that are subject to credit risk. Included in securitization assets in our consolidated balance sheets are our servicing assets at amortized cost and our residual assets at fair value. Our residual assets are subordinate to investors’ interests, and their values are subject to credit, prepayment and interest rate risks on the transferred financial assets. Other than our securitization assets representing these residual interests in the trusts’ assets, the investors and the securitization trusts have no recourse to our other assets for failure of debtors to pay when due. In computing gains and losses on securitizations, we use discount rates based on a review of comparable market transactions including Level 3 unobservable inputs, which consist of base interest rates and spreads over these base rates. Depending on the nature of the transaction risks, the all-in discount rate ranged from 5 % to 10 % for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our managed assets totaled $ 11.5 billion and $ 9.8 billion, respectively, of which $ 6.0 billion and $ 5.5 billion, respectively, were securitized assets held in unconsolidated securitization trusts. - 17 - In the third quarter of 2023, we recorded an allowance for losses on securitization residual assets related to prepayable assets secured by real estate. While there is no change in the underlying credit quality of the securitized assets, we have revised our estimates of cash flows due to prepayments on certain of these assets. The following table reconciles our beginning and ending allowance for loss on securitization residual assets: Three months ended September 30, 2023 Three months ended September 30, 2022 Government Commercial Government Commercial (in millions) Beginning balance $ — $ — $ — $ — Provision for loss on securitization assets — 3 — — Ending balance $ — $ 3 $ — $ — Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Nine months ended September 30, 2022 Government Commercial Government Commercial (in millions) Beginning balance $ — $ — $ — $ — Provision for loss on securitization assets — 3 — — Ending balance $ — $ 3 $ — $ — As of September 30, 2023, there were no material payments from debtors to the securitization trusts that were greater than 90 days past due. Receivables from contracts for the installation of energy efficiency and other technologies are the source of cash flows of $ 101 million of our securitization residual assets. These technologies are installed in facilities owned by, or operated for or by, federal, state or local government entities where the ultimate obligor for the receivable is a governmental entity. The contracts may have guarantees of energy savings from third-party service providers, which typically are entities rated investment grade by an independent rating agency. The remainder of our securitization residual assets are related to c ontracts where the underlying cash flows are secured by an interest in real estate which are typically senior in terms of repayment to other financings. We recognized a gain of approximately $ 19 million upon deconsolidation of certain land assets and the debt to which those assets were pledged, which is included in gain on sale of receivables, investments, and other assets in our income statement. 6. Our Portfolio As of September 30, 2023, our Portfolio included approximately $ 5.5 billion of equity method investments, receivables, real estate and investments on our balance sheet. The equity method investments represent our non-controlling equity investments in climate solutions projects. The receivables and investments are typically collateralized by contractually committed debt obligations of government entities or private high credit quality obligors and are often supported by additional forms of credit enhancement, including security interests and supplier guaranties. The real estate is typically land and related lease intangibles for long-term leases to wind and solar projects. In developing and evaluating performance against our credit criteria, we consider a number of qualitative and quantitative criteria which may include a project’s operating results, loan-to-value ratio, any cash reserves, the ability of expected cash from operations to cover the cash flow requirements currently and into the future, key terms of the transaction, the ability of the borrower to refinance the transaction, the financial and operating capability of the borrower, its sponsors or the obligor as well as any guarantors and the project’s collateral value. In addition, we consider the overall economic environment, the climate solutions sector, the effect of local, industry and broader economic factors, the impact of any variation in weather and the historical and anticipated trends in interest rates, defaults and loss severities for similar transactions. - 18 - The following is an analysis of the Performance Ratings of our Portfolio as of September 30, 2023, which is assessed quarterly: Portfolio Performance 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) Total Government Commercial Commercial Commercial Receivable vintage (4) (dollars in millions) 2023 $ — $ 612 $ — $ — $ 612 2022 — 942 — — 942 2021 — 293 — — 293 2020 — 166 — — 166 2019 — 392 — — 392 2018 — 275 — — 275 Prior to 2018 93 77 — — 170 Total receivables 93 2,757 — — 2,850 Less: Allowance for loss on receivables — ( 51 ) — — ( 51 ) Net receivables (5) 93 2,706 — — 2,799 Receivables held-for-sale 3 14 — — 17 Investments 2 7 — — 9 Real estate — 111 — — 111 Equity method investments (6) — 2,521 43 — 2,564 Total $ 98 $ 5,359 $ 43 $ — $ 5,500 Percent of Portfolio 2 % 97 % 1 % — % 100 % (1) This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date we believe that our risk of not receiving our invested capital remains low. (2) This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date we believe there is a moderate level of risk to not receiving some or all of our invested capital. (3) This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date, we believe there is substantial doubt regarding our ability to recover some or all of our invested capital. Loans in this category are placed on non-accrual status. Previously included in this category was $ 11 million of loans we had made in a new market venture where the performance was not meeting expectations. We collected this loan in full in the second quarter of 2023 and accordingly released the related allowance of $ 5 million. (4) Receivable vintage refers to the period in which in which the relevant loan agreement is signed, and a given vintage may contain loan advances made in subsequent periods to the loan agreement. (5) Total reconciles to the total of the government receivables and commercial receivables lines of the consolidated balance sheets. (6) Some of the individual projects included in portfolios that make up our equity method investments have government off-takers. As they are part of large portfolios, they are not classified separately. Receivables As of September 30, 2023, our allowance for losses on receivables was $ 51 million based on our expectation of credit losses over the lives of the receivables in our portfolio. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we increased our reserve by approximately $ 7 million, due to new loans and loan commitments made during the period. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we entered into a variable rate revolving credit facility with an energy services company secured by projects in development, with a maximum principal amount of $ 300 million and that matures in 2026. As of September 30, 2023, the principal amount of the facility was $ 213 million and the facility bore interest at a rate of 9.7 %. - 19 - Below is a summary of the carrying value, loan funding commitments, and allowance by type of receivable or “Portfolio Segment”, as defined by Topic 326, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying Value Loan Funding Commitments Allowance Gross Carrying Value Loan Funding Commitments Allowance (in millions) Commercial (1) 2,757 464 51 1,928 256 41 Government (2) $ 93 $ — $ — $ 103 $ — $ — Total $ 2,850 $ 464 $ 51 $ 2,031 $ 256 $ 41 (1) As of September 30, 2023, this category of assets includes $ 1.4 billion of mezzanine loans made on a non-recourse basis to special purpose subsidiaries of residential solar companies which hold residential solar assets where we rely on certain limited indemnities, warranties, and other obligations of the residential solar companies or their other subsidiaries. Risk characteristics of our commercial receivables include a project’s operating risks, which include the impact of the overall economic environment, the climate solutions sector, the effect of local, industry, and broader economic factors, the impact of any variation in weather and trends in interest rates. We use assumptions related to these risks to estimate an allowance using a discounted cash flow analysis or the PD/LGD method as discussed in Note 2 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q. All of our commercial receivables are included in Performance Rating 1 in the Portfolio Performance table above. For those assets, the credit worthiness of the obligor combined with the various structural protections of our assets cause us to believe we have a low risk we will not receive our invested capital, however we recorded a $ 51 million allowance on these $ 2.8 billion in assets as a result of lower probability assumptions utilized in our allowance methodology. (2) As of September 30, 2023, our government receivables include $ 10 million of U.S. federal government transactions and $ 83 million of transactions where the ultimate obligors are state or local governments. Risk characteristics of our government receivables include the energy savings or the power output of the projects and the ability of the government obligor to generate revenue for debt service, via taxation or other means. Transactions may have guarantees of energy savings or other performance support from third-party service providers, which typically are entities, directly or whose ultimate parent entity is, rated investment grade by an independent rating agency. All of our government receivables are included in Performance Rating 1 in the Portfolio Performance table above. Our allowance for government receivables is primarily calculated by using PD/LGD methods as discussed in Note 2 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q. Our expectation of credit losses for these receivables is immaterial given the high credit-quality of the obligors. The following table reconciles our beginning and ending allowance for loss on receivables by Portfolio Segment: Three months ended September 30, 2023 Three months ended September 30, 2022 Government Commercial Government Commercial (in millions) Beginning balance $ — $ 44 $ — $ 37 Provision for loss on receivables — 7 — ( 3 ) Ending balance $ — $ 51 $ — $ 34 Nine months ended September 30, 2023 Nine months ended September 30, 2022 Government Commercial Government Commercial (in millions) Beginning balance $ — $ 41 $ — $ 36 Provision for loss on receivables — 10 — 6 Write-off of allowance — — — ( 8 ) Ending balance $ — $ 51 $ — $ 34 We have no receivables on non-accrual status. The following table provides a summary of our anticipated maturity dates of our receivables and the weighted average yield for each range of maturities as of September 30, 2023: Total Less than 1 year 1-5 years 5-10 years More than 10 years (dollars in millions) Maturities by period (excluding allowance) $ 2,850 $ 6 $ 324 $ 1,309 $ 1,211 Weighted average yield by period 8.4 % 9.4 % 9.0 % 8.5 % 8.0 % - 20 - Real Estate Our real estate is leased to renewable energy projects, typically under long-term triple net leases with expiration dates that range between the years 2033 and 2052 under the initial terms and 2047 and 2080 if all renewals are exercised. In the third quarter of 2023, a majority of our land and related intangibles were deconsolidated, and we retain a residual interest in those assets in the form of equity method investments as discussed in Other Equity Method Investments below. The components of our real estate portfolio as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in millions) Real estate Land $ 97 $ 269 Lease intangibles 22 104 Accumulated amortization of lease intangibles ( 8 ) ( 20 ) Real estate $ 111 $ 353 As of September 30, 2023, the future amortization expense of the intangible assets and the future minimum rental income payments under our land lease agreements are as follows: Future Amortization Expense Minimum Rental Income Payments (in millions) From October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 $ — $ 6 2024 1 24 2025 1 24 2026 1 24 2027 1 25 2028 1 25 Thereafter 9 673 Total $ 14 $ 801 Equity Method Investments We have made non-controlling equity investments in a number of climate solutions projects that we account for as equity method investments. - 21 - As of September 30, 2023, we held the following equity method investments: Investment Date Investee Carrying Value (in millions) Various Jupiter Equity Holdings LLC $ 535 Various Lighthouse Partnerships (1) 682 Various Other investees 1,347 Total equity method investments $ 2,564 (1) Represents the total of five equity investments in a portfolio of renewable assets. Jupiter Equity Holdings LLC We have a preferred equity interest in Jupiter Equity Holdings LLC (“Jupiter”) that owns nine operating onshore wind projects and four operating utility-scale solar projects with an aggregate capacity of approximately 2.3 gigawatts. As of September 30, 2023, we have made capital contributions to Jupiter of approximately $ 562 million related to these projects reflecting final funding true-ups after all projects reached substantial completion. Alongside the project sponsor and under terms outlined in the partnership agreement, we have made $ 10 million in working capital loans to Jupiter for one-time contract restructuring expenses and payments related to winter storm Uri. Those working capital loans are included in our Related Party Transactions disclosures below. At agreement inception, the projects feature cash flows from fixed-price power purchase agreements and financial hedges with a weighted average contract life of 13 years, contracted with highly creditworthy off-takers and counterparties. Jupiter is governed by an amended and restated limited liability company agreement, dated July 1, 2020, by and among Jupiter, one of our subsidiaries and a subsidiary of the project sponsor, which contains customary terms and conditions. We own 100 % of the Class A Units in Jupiter corresponding to 49 % of the distributions from Jupiter subject to the preferences discussed below. Most major decisions that may impact Jupiter, its subsidiaries or its assets, require the majority vote of a four person committee on which we and the project sponsor each have two representatives. Through Jupiter, we will be entitled to preferred distributions until certain return targets are achieved. Once these return targets are achieved, distributions will be allocated approximately 33 % to us and approximately 67 % to the sponsor. As of July 1, 2023, we and the sponsor each have a right of first offer if the other party desires to transfer any of its equity ownership to a third party. We use the equity method of accounting to account for our preferred equity interest in Jupiter, and have elected to recognize earnings from this investment one quarter in arrears to allow for the receipt of financial information. Lighthouse Renewables Portfolio We have entered into certain agreements relating to the acquisition, ownership and management of preferred cash equity investments in five partnerships (the “Lighthouse Partnerships”) that expect to own cash equity interests in an approximately 1.6 gigawatt portfolio of onshore wind, utility-scale solar and solar-plus-storage projects (the “Renewables Portfolio”) developed and managed by the project sponsor. We have made investments in the preferred cash equity interests of the Lighthouse Partnerships of approximately $ 692 million through September 30, 2023, and additional investments are expected to be made as the remaining projects become commercially operational. We expect to make additional capital contributions of $ 192 million, with the final contribution being made in 2024. Alongside the project sponsor and under terms outlined in the partnership agreement, we have made $ 17 million in working capital loans to the Lighthouse Partnerships primarily for payments related to winter storm Uri. Those working capital loans are included in our Related Party Transactions disclosures below. At agreement inception, the Renewables Portfolio currently has contracted cash flows with a combined weighted average contract life of greater than 14 years with a diversified group of predominately investment grade corporate, utility, university and municipal offtakers. Each of the Lighthouse Partnerships are or will be governed by a limited liability company agreement between us and the sponsor serving as managing member and contain customary terms and conditions. Most major decisions that may impact each of the Lighthouse Partnerships, its subsidiaries or its assets, require a unanimous vote of the representatives present at a meeting of a review committee in which a quorum is present. The review committee is a four person committee, which includes two of our representatives and two sponsor representatives. Through each Lighthouse Partnership, commencing on a certain date following the effective date of the applicable limited liability company agreement, we will be entitled to preferred distributions until certain return targets of the Renewables Portfolio are achieved. Subject to customary exceptions, no member of a Lighthouse Partnership can transfer any of its equity ownership in any Lighthouse Partnership to a third party without approval of the review committee of that Lighthouse Partnership. We use the equity method of accounting to account for our preferred equity interest in each Lighthouse Partnership, and have elected to recognize earnings from this investment one quarter in arrears to allow for the receipt of financial information. - 22 - Other Equity Method Investments In the third quarter of 2023, we entered into an agreement with an existing securitization partner to amend the contractual terms of certain non-recourse debt agreements, which caused us to deconsolidate the entities holding such debt and its pledged collateral. Our retained interest in those entities are equity method investments, which hold land and associated operating leases as well as financial assets where the ultimate obligors are grid-connected solar projects. The carrying value of these equity method investments is $ 152 million. Our retained interest is in the form of an equity method investment, instead of a Securitization Asset, due to the nature of the underlying assets being predominantly real property. Related Party Transactions Of our commercial receivables, approximately $ 872 million are loans made to entities in which we also have non-controlling equity investments of approximately $ 817 million. Typically, these equity method investments are LLCs taxed as partnerships that we have entered into with various renewable energy project sponsors, such as SunPower Corporation. We negotiate the commercial terms of these loans with the other partner, and the assets against which the project sponsors are borrowing are contributed into the LLCs upon the execution of the loans. Our equity investments allow us to participate in the residual economics of those contributed assets alongside the other partner, and our rights under the project operating agreements do not allow us to make any significant unilateral decisions regarding the terms of the arrangement. Because the loans made to these entities are typically subordinate to senior debt and tax equity investors in the projects, these loans, which have maturities of over ten years , may accrue PIK interest in the early years of the project until sufficient cash flow is available for our interest payments. Any change in PIK interest is included in Change in accrued interest on receivables and investments in the operating section of our statement of cash flows. On a quarterly basis, we assess these loans for any impairment inclusive of any PIK interest accrued under CECL as discussed above under Receivables. The following table provides additional detail on these related party transactions: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (in millions) Interest income from related party loans $ 18 $ 14 $ 49 $ 45 Investments made in related party loans 95 63 187 113 Principal collected from related party loans 12 7 27 76 Interest collected from related party loans 15 14 45 49 7. Credit facilities and commercial paper notes Secured credit facilities We previously had a secured revolving credit facility in the form of an approval-based loan agreement with various lenders with a maximum outstanding principal amount of $ 200 million. In July of 2023, we extended the maturity of the facility from July 2023 to January 2024. In the third quarter of 2023, we amended the facility to a term loan. See Note 8 to our financial statements for discussion of the current terms of that loan. In the first quarter of 2023, we terminated a previously existing representation-based secured revolving limited-recourse credit facility which had a maximum outstanding principal amount of $ 100 million. Unsecured revolving credit facilities We have an unsecured revolving credit facility pursuant to a revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders which matures in February 2025. In the second quarter of 2023, we increased the maximum outstanding borrowing amount of the facility from $ 600 million to $ 840 million. As of September 30, 2023, the outstanding balance on this facility was $ 487 million, and it currently bears interest at a weighted average rate of 7.25 %. We have approximately $ 3 million of remaining unamortized financing costs associated with the unsecured revolving credit facility that have been capitalized and included in other assets on our balance sheet and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the unsecured revolving credit facility. The unsecured revolving credit facility has a commitment fee based on our current credit rating and bears interest at a rate of SOFR or prime rate plus applicable margins based on our current credit rating, which may be adjusted downward up to 0.10 % to the extent our Portfolio achieves certain targeted levels of carbon emissions avoidance, as measured by our CarbonCount © metric. As of the inception of the unsecured revolving credit facility, the applicable margins are 1.875 % for SOFR-based loans and 0.875 % for prime rate-based loans, plus an additional 0.10 %. The unsecured revolving credit facility has a commitment fee based on our current credit rating. The unsecured revolving credit facility contains terms, conditions, covenants, and representations and warranties that are customary and typical for a transaction of this nature, including various affirmative and negative covenants, and limitations on the incurrence of liens and indebtedness, investments, fundamental - 23 - organizational changes, dispositions, changes in the nature of business, transactions with affiliates, use of proceeds, stock repurchases and dividends we declare. The unsecured revolving credit facility also includes customary events of default and remedies. At our option, upon maturity of the unsecured revolving credit facility, we have the ability to convert amounts borrowed into term loans for a fee equal to 1.875 % of the term loan amounts. CarbonCount Green Commercial Paper Note Program We have entered into an agreement allowing us to issue commercial paper notes, in amounts up to $ 100 million outstanding at any time. We obtained an irrevocable direct-pay letter of credit in an amount not to exceed $ 100 million from Bank of America, N.A, to support these obligations which expires in June 2024. Commercial paper notes will not be redeemable, will not be subject to voluntary prepayment and are not to exceed 397 days. An amount equal to the proceeds of our commercial paper notes are allocated to either the acquisition or refinance of, in whole or in part, eligible green projects, including assets that are neutral to negative on incremental carbon emissions. As of September 30, 2023, we have $ 50 million of commercial paper notes outstanding under the facility which matures in 2024, which together bear an average total borrowing rate of 6.75 %. Green commercial paper notes will be issued at a discount based on market pricing, subject to broker fees of 0.10 %. For issuance of the letter of credit, we will pay 1.40 % on any drawn letter of credit amounts to Bank of America, N.A., and 0.40 % on any unused letter of credit capacity. Fees paid on the drawn letters of credit may be reduced by up to 0.1 % to the extent our Portfolio achieves certain targeted levels of carbon emissions avoidance as measured by our CarbonCount metric. As of September 30, 2023, we have no remaining unamortized financing costs associated with the commercial paper program and associated letter of credit. The associated letter of credit contains terms, conditions, covenants, and representations and warranties that are customary and typical for a transaction of this nature, including various affirmative and negative covenants, and limitations on the incurrence of liens and indebtedness, investments, fundamental organizational changes, dispositions, changes in the nature of business, transactions with affiliates, use of proceeds, stock repurchases and dividends we declare. The letter of credit also includes customary events of default and remedies. - 24 - 8. Long-term Debt Non-recourse debt We have outstanding the following asset-backed non-recourse debt: Outstanding Balance as of Anticipated Balance at Maturity Carrying Value of Assets Pledged as of September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Interest Rate Maturity Date September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Description of Assets Pledged (dollars in millions) HASI Sustainable Yield Bond 2015-1A $ 70 $ 73 4.28 % October 2034 $ — $ 137 $ 136 Receivables, real estate, real estate intangibles, and restricted cash HASI SYB Trust 2016-2 55 56 4.35 % April 2037 — 62 63 Receivables and restricted cash HASI SYB Trust 2017-1 — (1) 141 3.86 % March 2042 — — 231 Receivables, real estate, real estate intangibles, and restricted cash Lannie Mae Series 2019-1 — (1) 90 3.68 % January 2047 — — 120 Receivables, real estate and real estate intangibles Other non-recourse debt (2) 45 82 3.15 % - 7.23 % 2024 to 2032 18 46 82 Receivables Unamortized financing costs ( 2 ) ( 9 ) Non-recourse debt (3) $ 168 $ 433 (1) In the third quarter of 2023, contractual terms of these non-recourse debt agreements were modified, which caused us to deconsolidate the entities holding such debt and its related pledged collateral. (2) Other non-recourse debt consists of various debt agreements used to finance certain of our receivables. Scheduled debt service payment requirements are equal to or less than the cash flows received from the underlying receivables. (3) The total collateral pledged against our non-recourse debt was $ 245 million and $ 632 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These amounts include $ 14 million and $ 20 million of restricted cash pledged for debt service payments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We have pledged the financed assets, and typically our interests in one or more parents or subsidiaries of the borrower that are legally separate bankruptcy remote special purpose entities as security for the non-recourse debt. There is no recourse for repayment of these obligations other than to the applicable borrower and any collateral pledged as security for the obligations. Generally, the assets and credit of these entities are not available to satisfy any of our other debts and obligations. The creditors can only look to the borrower, the cash flows of the pledged assets and any other collateral pledged, to satisfy the debt and we are not otherwise liable for nonpayment of such cash flows. The debt agreements contain terms, conditions, covenants and representations and warranties that are customary and typical for transactions of this nature, including limitations on the incurrence of liens and indebtedness, investments, fundamental organizational changes, dispositions, changes in the nature of business, transactions with affiliates, use of proceeds and stock repurchases. The agreements also include customary events of default, the occurrence of which may result in termination of the agreements, acceleration of amounts due and accrual of default interest. We typically act as servicer for the debt transactions. We were in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We have guaranteed the accuracy of certain of the representations and warranties and other obligations of certain of our subsidiaries under certain of the debt agreements and provided an indemnity against certain losses from “bad acts” of such subsidiaries including fraud, failure to disclose a material fact, theft, misappropriation, voluntary bankruptcy or unauthorized transfers. - 25 - The stated minimum maturities of non-recourse debt as of September 30, 2023, were as follows: Future minimum maturities (in millions) October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 $ 10 2024 18 2025 15 2026 14 2027 21 2028 18 Thereafter 74 Total minimum maturities $ 170 Unamortized financing costs ( 2 ) Total non-recourse debt $ 168 The stated minimum maturities of non-recourse debt above include only the mandatory minimum principal payments. To the extent there are additional cash flows received from our investments serving as collateral for certain of our non-recourse debt facilities, these additional cash flows may be required to be used to make additional principal payments against the respective debt. Any additional principal payments made due to these provisions may impact the anticipated balance at maturity of these financings. To the extent there are not sufficient cash flows received from those investments pledged as collateral, the investor has no recourse against other corporate assets to recover any shortfalls. Senior Unsecured Notes We have outstanding senior unsecured notes issued jointly by certain of our TRS and are guaranteed by the Company and certain other subsidiaries (the “Senior Unsecured Notes”). The Senior Unsecured Notes are subject to covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness and require us to maintain unencumbered assets of not less than 120 % of our unsecured debt. These covenants will terminate on any date at which the Senior Unsecured Notes have been rated investment grade by two of the three major credit rating agencies and no event of default has occurred. We are in compliance with all of our covenants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Senior Unsecured Notes impose certain requirements in the event that we merge with or sell substantially all of our assets to another entity. We allocate an amount equal to the net proceeds of our Senior Unsecured Notes to the acquisition or refinance of, in whole or in part, eligible green projects, including assets that are neutral to negative on incremental carbon emissions. The following are summarized terms of the Senior Unsecured Notes: Outstanding Principal Amount Maturity Date Stated Interest Rate Interest Payment Dates Redemption Terms Modification Date (in millions) 2025 Notes $ 400 April 15, 2025 6.00 % April 15 and October 15th N/A 2026 Notes 1,000 June 15, 2026 3.38 % June 15 and December 15 March 15, 2026 (1) 2030 Notes 375 (2) September 15, 2030 3.75 % February 15th and August 15th N/A (1) Prior to this date, we may redeem, at our option, some or all of the 2026 Notes for the outstanding principal amount plus the applicable “make-whole” premium as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest through the redemption date. In addition, prior to this date, we may redeem up to 40 % of the Senior Unsecured Notes using the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a price equal to par plus the coupon percentage of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date. On, or subsequent to, this date we may redeem the 2026 Notes in whole or in part at redemption prices defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest though the redemption date. (2) We issued the $ 375 million aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes for total proceeds of $ 371 million ($ 367 million net of issuance costs) at an effective interest rate of 3.87 %. - 26 - We may redeem the 2025 Notes in whole or in part at redemption prices defined in the indenture governing the 2025 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest though the redemption date. At any point prior to maturity, we may redeem, at our option, some or all of the 2030 Notes plus the applicable “make-whole” premium as defined in the indenture governing the 2030 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest through the redemption date. The following table presents a summary of the components of the Senior Unsecured Notes: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in millions) Principal $ 1,775 $ 1,775 Accrued interest 23 12 Unamortized premium (discount) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) Less: Unamortized financing costs ( 13 ) ( 16 ) Carrying value of Senior Unsecured Notes $ 1,782 $ 1,768 We recorded approximately $ 19 million and $ 57 million in interest expense related to the Senior Unsecured Notes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to approximately $ 19 million and $ 58 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Convertible Notes We have outstanding exchangeable senior notes, and have previously issued convertible senior notes, together “Convertible Notes”. Holders may convert or exchange any of their Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock at the applicable conversion or exchange ratio at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, unless the Convertible Notes have been previously redeemed or repurchased by us. The following are summarized terms of the Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2023: Outstanding Principal Amount Maturity Date Stated Interest Rate Interest Payment Dates Conversion/Exchange Ratio Conversion/Exchange Price Issuable Shares Dividend Threshold Amount (1) (in millions) (in millions) 2023 Convertible Senior Notes — (2) August 15, 2023 0.000 % N/A 20.8643 $ 47.93 — $ 0.340 2025 Exchangeable Senior Notes 200 (3) May 1, 2025 0.000 % N/A 17.7144 $ 56.45 3.5 $ 0.375 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes 403 August 15, 2028 3.750 % February 15 and August 15 36.8494 $ 27.14 14.8 $ 0.395 (1) The conversion or exchange ratio is subject to adjustment for dividends declared above these amounts per share per quarter and certain other events that may be dilutive to the holder. (2) These Notes were settled in the third quarter of 2023 using proceeds from the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes. (3) The 2025 Exchangeable Senior Notes accrete to a premium at maturity equal to 3.25 % per annum. The current balance including accreted premium is $ 210 million. - 27 - For the exchangeable senior notes, following the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the exchange rate for a holder that converts its exchangeable notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. There are no cash settlement provisions for the 2025 Exchangeable Senior Notes and the exchange option can only be settled through physical delivery of our common stock. Upon exchange of the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes, exchange may be settled through cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election (as described in the indenture related to the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes). Additionally, upon the occurrence of certain fundamental changes involving us, holders of the exchangeable senior notes may require us to redeem all or a portion of their notes for cash at a price of 100 % of the principal amount outstanding, plus accrued and unpaid interest. We may redeem the 2025 Exchangeable Senior Notes at any time only if such a redemption is deemed reasonably necessary to preserve our qualification as a REIT. We may redeem the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes at any time only if such a redemption is deemed reasonably necessary to preserve our qualification as a REIT or, in whole or in part, at our option, on or after August 20, 2026 and prior to the 62nd scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date for such notes, if certain conditions are met, as set forth in the indenture relating to the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes. Any shares of our common stock issuable upon exchange of the exchangeable senior notes will have certain registration rights. Certain of our TRS have jointly issued $ 200 million of 0.00 % Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2025 which are guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries and may, under certain conditions, be exchangeable for our common stock. The notes accrete to a premium at maturity at an effective rate of 3.25 % annually. Upon any exchange of these Notes, holders will receive a number of shares of our common stock equal to the product of (i) the aggregate initial principal amount of the notes to be exchanged, divided by $1,000 and (ii) the applicable exchange rate, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares. We have allocated or intend to allocate an amount equal to the net proceeds of this offering to the acquisition or refinancing of, in whole or in part, new and/or existing eligible green projects, which include assets that are neutral to negative on incremental carbon emissions. The following table presents a summary of the components of our Convertible Notes: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in millions) Principal $ 603 $ 344 Accrued interest 2 — Premium 10 5 Less: Unamortized financing costs ( 11 ) ( 5 ) Carrying value of Convertible Notes $ 604 $ 344 We recorded approximately $ 5 million and $ 9 million in interest expense related to our Convertible Notes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $ 2 million and $ 5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. In order to mitigate the potential dilution to our common stock upon exchange of the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes, we entered into privately-negotiated capped call transactions (“Capped Calls”) with certain counterparties. The Capped Calls are separate transactions and are not part of the terms of the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes. The total premium for the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the 2028 Exchangeable Senior Notes to pay for the cost of the Capped Call premium. The material terms of the Capped Calls are as follows: (in millions except per share data) Aggregate cost of capped calls $ 38 Initial strike price per share $ 27.14 Initial cap price per share $ 43.42 Shares of our common stock covered by the capped calls 14.8 - 28 - CarbonCount Term Loan Facility We have entered into an unsecured term loan facility with a syndicate of banks which has an outstanding principal amount of $ 373 million. Principal amounts under the term loan facility will bear interest at a rate of Term SOFR plus applicable margins based on our current credit rating, which may be adjusted downward up to 0.10 % to the extent our Portfolio achieves certain targeted levels of carbon emissions avoidance, as measured by our CarbonCount © metric. As of September 30, 2023, the applicable margin is 2.125 % plus 0.10 %, and the current interest rate is 7.49 %. The coupon on any drawn amounts will be reset at monthly, quarterly, or semi-annual intervals at our election. Interest is due and payable quarterly. Payments of 1.25 % of the outstanding principal balance are due quarterly. The term loan facility has a maturity date of October 31, 2025, and loans under the facility can be prepaid without penalty. We intend to allocate an amount equal to the net proceeds of this offering to the acquisition or refinancing of, in whole or in part, new and/or existing eligible green projects, which include assets that are neutral to negative on incremental carbon emissions. Principal payments which were due under the term loan facility as of September 30, 2023 are as follows: Future maturities (in millions) October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 $ 5 2024 18 2025 350 Total 373 Less: Unamortized Financing Costs ( 3 ) Carrying Value $ 370 The term loan facility contains terms, conditions, covenants, and representations and warranties that are customary and typical for a transaction of this nature, including various affirmative and negative covenants, and limitations on the incurrence of liens and indebtedness, investments, fundamental organizational changes, dispositions, changes in the nature of business, transactions with affiliates, use of proceeds, stock repurchases and dividends we declare. The term loan facility also includes customary events of default and remedies. Subsequent to September 30, 2023, we increased our borrowing under this facility by $ 165 million, bringing the total outstanding principal amount to $ 538 million. - 29 - Secured Term Loan In the third quarter of 2023, we amended our approval-based credit facility to become a term loan (“Secured Term Loan”) with a maturity date of January 2028. Principal amounts under the term loan will bear interest at a rate of Daily Term SOFR plus a credit spread of 2.25 %, plus 0.10 %. We are required to hold interest rate swaps with notional values equal to 85 % of the outstanding principal amount of the loan beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023. The facility is subject to mandatory principal amortization of 5 % per annum, with principal and interest payments due quarterly. The secured term loan contains terms, conditions, covenants, and representations and warranties that are customary and typical for a transaction of this nature, including various affirmative and negative covenants, and limitations on the incurrence of liens and indebtedness, investments, fundamental organizational changes, dispositions, changes in the nature of business, transactions with affiliates, use of proceeds, stock repurchases and dividends we declare. The secured term loan also includes customary events of default and remedies. As of September 30, 2023, the outstanding principal balance is $ 200 million, the interest rate is 7.55 %, and we have financing receivables pledged with a carrying value of $ 449 million. We have $ 3 million of remaining unamortized financing costs associated with the Secured Term Loan that have been netted against the loan on our balance sheet and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Secured Term Loan Facility. Principal payments which were due under the Secured Term Loan Facility as of September 30, 2023 are as follows: Future maturities (in millions) July 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 $ — 2024 2 2025 11 2026 13 2027 12 2028 162 Total 200 Less: Unamortized Financing Costs ( 3 ) Carrying Value $ 197 Interest rate swaps In connection with several of our long-term borrowings, including floating-rate loans from our Term Loan Facility and unsecured revolving credit facility and the anticipated refinancings of certain of our Senior Unsecured Notes we have entered into the following derivative transactions that are designated as cash flow hedges as of September 30, 2023: Instrument type Hedged Rate Notional Value Fair Value as of Index September 30, 2023 Term $ in millions Interest rate swap 1 month SOFR 3.79 % $ 400 $ 12 March 2023 to March 2033 Interest rate swap Overnight SOFR 2.98 % 400 23 June 2026 to June 2033 Interest rate swap Overnight SOFR 3.09 % 600 30 June 2026 to June 2033 Interest rate swap Overnight SOFR 3.08 % 400 30 April 2025 to April 2035 Interest rate collar 1 month SOFR 3.70 % - 4.00 % (1) 250 5 May 2023 to May 2026 $ 2,050 $ 100 (1) Interest rate collar consists of a purchased interest rate cap of 4.00 % and a written interest rate floor of 3.70 %. The fair values of our interest rate derivatives designated and qualifying as effective cash flow hedges are reflected in our consolidated balance sheets as a component of other assets (if in an unrealized gain position) or accounts payable, accrued expenses and other (if in an unrealized loss position) and in net unrealized gains and losses in AOCI. As of September 30, 2023, all of our derivatives were designated as hedging instruments which were deemed to be effective. As of September 30, 2023, we hold $ 106 million of collateral related to our interest rate derivatives. We have netted $ 100 million of the liability associated with that collateral against the derivative asset in other assets on our balance sheet, - 30 - with the remaining $ 6 million included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other. A benefit of $ 2 million and $ 4 million was included in interest expense as a result of our hedging activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Subsequent to September 30, 2023, we entered into interest rate swaps to hedge the interest expense associated with the Secured Term Loan. The swaps have a total notional of $ 170 million, SOFR rate of 4.4 %, and a termination date in 2033. Certain of the projects in which we have equity method investments also have interest rate swaps which are designated as cash flow hedges, and we recognize the portion of the gain or loss allocated to us related to those instruments through other comprehensive income. - 31 - 9. Commitments and Contingencies Litigation The nature of our operations exposes us to the risk of claims and litigation in the normal course of our business. We are not currently subject to any legal proceedings that are probable of having a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Guarantees and other commitments In connection with some of our transactions, we have provided certain limited representations, warranties, covenants and/or provided an indemnity against certain losses resulting from our own actions, including related to certain investment tax credits. As of September 30, 2023, there have been no such actions resulting in claims against the Company. We have made a guarantee related to the financing of four of our joint venture entities that owns debt securities of energy efficiency projects. We received $ 73 million of the proceeds of this financing arrangement, and in turn have guaranteed the obligations of the entity related to this financing, which includes collateral posting requirements as well as repayment of the financing at maturity in February 2024. As of September 30, 2023, our maximum obligation under this guarantee is approximately $ 87 million. We believe the likelihood of having to perform under the guarantee is remote, have recorded no liability associated with this guarantee, and presently have not been required to post collateral as the assets of the joint venture entities are enough to support the financing obligation. We have executed a separate agreement with our joint venture partner pursuant to which it is liable for 15 % of this obligation repayable to us. 10. Income Tax We recorded an income tax (expense) benefit of approximately $ 5 million and $ 5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to a $( 8 ) million and $( 14 ) million income tax (expense) benefit in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our income tax (expense) benefit was determined using the federal tax rate of 21%, and combined state tax rates, net of federal benefit, of approximately 3 % for 2023 and 2022. 11. Equity Dividends and Distributions Our board of directors declared the following dividends in 2022 and 2023: Announced Date Record Date Pay Date Amount per share 2/17/2022 4/4/2022 4/11/2022 $ 0.375 5/3/2022 7/5/2022 7/12/2022 $ 0.375 8/4/2022 10/4/2022 10/11/2022 $ 0.375 11/3/2022 12/28/2022 (1) 01/6/2023 $ 0.375 2/16/2023 04/3/2023 04/10/2023 $ 0.395 5/4/2023 7/5/2023 7/12/2023 $ 0.395 8/3/2023 10/4/2023 10/11/2023 $ 0.395 11/2/2023 12/29/2023 01/12/2024 $ 0.395 (1) This dividend is treated as a distribution in the year following the record date for tax purposes. Equity Offerings We have an effective universal shelf registration statement registering the potential offer and sale, from time to time and in one or more offerings, of any combination of our common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants and rights (collectively referred to as the “securities”). We may offer the securities directly, through agents, or to or through underwriters by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the NYSE or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at negotiated prices and may include “at the market” (“ATM”) offerings to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise. In January 2023, we established a dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan, allowing stockholders and holders of OP Units (including LTIP Units) to purchase shares of our common stock by reinvesting cash dividends or distributions received. We completed the following public offerings (including ATM issuances) of our common stock during 2023 and 2022: - 32 - Date/Period Common Stock Offerings Shares Issued (2) Price Per Share Net Proceeds (1) (amounts in millions, except per share amounts) Q1 2022 ATM 1.050 $ 48.14 (3) $ 50 Q2 2022 ATM 0.731 38.91 (3) 28 Q3 2022 ATM 1.346 36.85 (3) 49 Q4 2022 ATM 1.996 31.41 (3) 62 Q1 2023 ATM 0.763 31.31 (3) 24 5/30/2023 Public Offering 15.000 22.23 (4) 333 Q2 2023 ATM 0.053 26.07 (3) 1 Q3 2023 ATM 4.394 24.71 (3) 107 (1) Net proceeds from the offerings are shown after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. (2) Includes shares issued in connection with the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. (3) Represents the average price per share at which investors in our ATM offerings purchased our shares. (4) Represents the price per share at which the underwriters in our public offering purchased our shares. Equity-based Compensation Awards We have issued equity awards that vest from 2023 to 2027 subject to service, performance and market conditions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our board of directors awarded employees and directors 755,639 shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and LTIP Units that vest from 2024 to 2026. Refer to Note 4 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q for background on the LTIP Units. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 we recorded $ 3 million and $ 15 million of stock based compensation, respectively, compared to $ 2 million and $ 18 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. We have a retirement policy which provides for full vesting at retirement of any time-based awards that were granted prior to the date of retirement and permits the vesting of performance-based awards that were granted prior to the date of retirement according to the original vesting schedule of the award, subject to the achievement of the applicable performance measures. Employees are eligible for the retirement policy upon meeting age and years of service criteria. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to awards of shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units was approximately $ 23 million as of September 30, 2023. We expect to recognize compensation expense related to our equity awards over a weighted-average term of approximately 2 years. A summary of the unvested shares of restricted common stock that have been issued is as follows: Restricted Shares of Common Stock Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Value (per share) (in millions) Ending Balance — December 31, 2021 193,548 $ 38.66 $ 7.5 Granted 71,911 37.32 2.7 Vested ( 93,646 ) 46.46 ( 4.3 ) Forfeited ( 3,361 ) 46.83 ( 0.2 ) Ending Balance — December 31, 2022 168,452 $ 33.59 $ 5.7 Granted 67,810 31.15 2.1 Vested ( 96,117 ) 29.23 ( 2.8 ) Forfeited ( 7,840 ) 48.57 ( 0.4 ) Ending Balance — September 30, 2023 132,305 $ 34.61 $ 4.6 - 33 - A summary of the unvested shares of restricted stock units that have market-based vesting conditions that have been issued is as follows: Restricted Stock Units (1) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Value (per share) (in millions) Ending Balance — December 31, 2021 78,366 $ 35.32 $ 2.8 Granted 24,790 58.77 1.5 Incremental performance shares granted 39,730 25.12 1.0 Vested ( 79,460 ) 25.12 ( 2.1 ) Forfeited ( 5,022 ) 49.00 ( 0.2 ) Ending Balance — December 31, 2022 58,404 $ 51.03 $ 3.0 Granted 63,446 39.29 2.4 Incremental performance shares granted 7,305 34.63 0.3 Vested ( 18,041 ) 35.17 ( 0.6 ) Forfeited ( 13,224 ) 26.03 ( 0.4 ) Ending Balance — September 30, 2023 97,890 $ 48.50 $ 4.7 (1) As discussed in Note 2 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q, restricted stock units with market-based vesting conditions can vest between 0 % and 200 % subject to both the absolute performance of the Company's common stock as well as relative performance compared to a group of peers. The incremental performance shares granted relate to the vesting of awards at the achieved performance level. A summary of the unvested LTIP Units that have time-based vesting conditions that have been issued is as follows: LTIP Units (1) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Value (per share) (in millions) Ending Balance — December 31, 2021 384,046 $ 43.15 $ 16.6 Granted 174,340 44.08 7.7 Vested ( 279,123 ) 44.64 ( 12.5 ) Forfeited ( 2,497 ) 46.08 ( 0.1 ) Ending Balance — December 31, 2022 276,766 $ 42.21 $ 11.7 Granted 342,349 30.08 10.3 Vested ( 138,048 ) 39.59 ( 5.4 ) Forfeited — — — Ending Balance — September 30, 2023 481,067 $ 34.32 $ 16.6 (1) See Note 4 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q for information on the vesting of LTIP Units. - 34 - A summary of the unvested LTIP Units that have market-based vesting conditions that have been issued is as follows: LTIP Units (1) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Value (per share) (in millions) Ending Balance — December 31, 2021 347,478 $ 31.61 $ 11.0 Granted 125,550 54.77 6.9 Incremental performance shares granted 149,000 26.70 4.0 Vested ( 298,000 ) 26.70 ( 8.0 ) Forfeited — — — Ending Balance — December 31, 2022 324,028 $ 42.84 $ 13.9 Granted 282,034 39.29 11.1 Incremental performance shares granted 40,394 19.94 0.8 Vested ( 96,496 ) 19.94 ( 1.9 ) Forfeited ( 56,102 ) 4.56 ( 0.3 ) Ending Balance — September 30, 2023 493,858 $ 47.76 $ 23.6 (1) See Note 4 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q for information on the vesting of LTIP Units. LTIP Units with market-based vesting conditions can vest between 0 % and 200 % subject to both the absolute performance of the Company's common stock as well as relative performance compared to a group of peers. The incremental performance shares granted relate to the vesting of awards at the achieved performance level . NOL Shareholder Rights Plan In the fourth quarter of 2023, we entered into a Tax Benefits Preservation Plan (“the Plan”), which is designed to protect our tax benefits in connection with any “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Under the Plan, we declared a dividend distribution of one right (a “Right”) for each share of common stock, par value $ 0.01 per share outstanding, to be paid to all record holders of Common Stock at the close of business on November 21, 2023. The Plan is intended to reduce the risk that our ability to use net operating losses (“NOLs”) and certain other Tax Benefits will become substantially limited as the result of an “ownership change”. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $ 465 million of NOLs and $ 21 million of tax credits available that may be used to offset future taxable income. Pursuant to the Plan, if a stockholder (or group) becomes a 5 % stockholder without meeting certain exceptions, the Rights become exercisable upon board approval and entitle stockholders (other than the 5 % stockholder or group causing the rights to become exercisable) to purchase additional of our common shares at a significant discount, resulting in significant dilution in the economic interest and voting power of the 5 % stockholder or group causing the Rights to become exercisable. Stockholders owning 5% or more of our outstanding shares at the time the Plan was adopted were grandfathered and will only cause the Rights to distribute and become exercisable if they acquire any additional HASI shares. Under the Plan, the Board has the ability to determine in its sole discretion that any person shall not be deemed an acquiring person and therefore that the Rights shall not become exercisable if such person becomes a 5 % stockholder. The adoption of the Plan and the dividend distribution will not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. 12. Earnings per Share of Common Stock The net income or loss attributable to the non-controlling OP units have been excluded from the basic earnings per share and the diluted earnings per share calculations attributable to common stockholders. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are excluded from net income available to common shareholders in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Certain share-based awards are included in the diluted share count to the extent they are dilutive as discussed in Note 2 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q. To the extent our Convertible Notes are dilutive under the if-converted method, we add back the interest expense to the numerator and include the weighted average shares of potential common stock over the period issuable upon conversion or exchange of the note in the denominator in calculating dilutive EPS as described in Note 2 to our financial statements in this Form 10-Q. - 35 - The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share of common stock is as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Numerator: (in millions, except share and per share data) Net income (loss) attributable to controlling stockholders and participating securities $ 21.4 $ 34.5 $ 59.1 $ 61.4 Less: Dividends and distributions on participating securities ( 0.2 ) ( 0.1 ) ( 0.8 ) ( 0.5 ) Less: Undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities — — — — Net income (loss) attributable to controlling stockholders — basic 21.2 34.4 58.3 60.9 Add: Interest expense related to Convertible Notes under the if-converted method 0.2 0.3 0.9 1.0 Add: Undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities — — — — Net income (loss) attributable to controlling stockholders — dilutive $ 21.4 $ 34.7 $ 59.2 $ 61.9 Denominator: Weighted-average number of common shares — basic 107,715,057 87,721,756 98,665,598 86,784,895 Weighted-average number of common shares — diluted 109,145,088 90,762,820 101,142,782 89,928,741 Basic earnings per common share $ 0.20 $ 0.39 $ 0.59 $ 0.70 Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.20 $ 0.38 $ 0.59 $ 0.69 Securities being allocated a portion of earnings: Weighted-average number of OP units 1,365,040 1,136,809 1,294,511 955,574 As of September 30, 2023 As of September 30, 2022 Participating securities: Unvested restricted common stock and unvested LTIP Units with time-based vesting conditions outstanding at period end 613,373 392,602 Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Potentially dilutive securities as of period end that were not dilutive for the presented periods: Unvested restricted common stock and unvested LTIP Units with time-based vesting conditions 613,373 392,602 613,373 392,602 Restricted stock units 97,890 39,438 97,890 39,438 LTIP Units with market-based vesting conditions 493,858 211,824 493,858 211,824 Potential shares of common stock related to Convertible Notes 18,374,760 3,537,460 18,374,760 3,537,460 - 36 - 13. Equity Method Investments We recognized income (loss) from our equity method investments of approximately $ 3 million and $ 27 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $ 31 million and $ 59 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. We describe our accounting for non-controlling equity investments in Note 2. The following is a summary of the consolidated balance sheets and income statements of the entities in which we have a significant equity method investment. These amounts are presented on the underlying investees’ accounting basis. In certain instances, adjustment to these equity values may be necessary in order to reflect our basis in these investments. As described in Note 2, any difference between the amount of our investment and the amount of our share of underlying equity is generally amortized over the life of the assets and liabilities to which the differences relate. Certain of our equity method investments have the unrealized mark-to-market losses on energy hedges at the project level that do not qualify for hedge accounting. These unrealized mark-to-market losses, which resulted from rising energy prices, are recorded in the revenue line of the projects’ statements of operations. As these swaps are settled, the projects will sell power at the higher market price, offsetting the loss recognized on the energy hedges. Jupiter Equity Holdings LLC Other Investments (1) Total (in millions) Balance Sheet As of June 30, 2023 Current assets $ 61 $ 760 $ 821 Total assets 3,020 12,802 15,822 Current liabilities 130 818 948 Total liabilities 685 6,841 7,526 Members' equity 2,335 5,961 8,296 As of December 31, 2022 Current assets 106 586 692 Total assets 3,114 11,588 14,702 Current liabilities 139 684 823 Total liabilities 751 6,085 6,836 Members' equity 2,363 5,503 7,866 Income Statement For the six months ended June 30, 2023 Revenue 59 412 471 Income (loss) from continuing operations ( 27 ) ( 64 ) ( 91 ) Net income (loss) ( 27 ) ( 64 ) ( 91 ) For the six months ended June 30, 2022 Revenue ( 135 ) 239 104 Income (loss) from continuing operations ( 231 ) ( 110 ) ( 341 ) Net income (loss) ( 231 ) ( 110 ) ( 341 ) (1) Represents aggregated financial statement information for investments not separately presented. - 37 -