Genasys Inc. 10-Q

gnss20230331_10q.htm   UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549   FORM 10-Q     (Mark one) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934   For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023   or   ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934   For the transition period from                                                 to                                                 .     Commission File Number: 000-24248           GENASYS INC.   (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)       Delaware 87-0361799 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)     16262 West Bernardo Drive, San Diego , California 92127 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)   ( 858 ) 676-1112 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)   Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:   Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which securities are registered   Common stock, $0.00001 par value per share   GNSS   NASDAQ Capital Market     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.        Yes   ☒     No ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).       Yes  ☒     No ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.           Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐         Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒         Emerging growth company ☐       If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).      Yes  ☐      No  ☒   The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, outstanding on May 3, 2023 was 36,984,295 .             PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION   Item  1. Financial Statements Genasys Inc. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except par value and share amounts)       March 31,               2023     September 30,       (Unaudited)     2022   ASSETS                 Current assets:                 Cash and cash equivalents   $ 6,371     $ 12,736   Short-term marketable securities     5,552       6,397   Restricted cash     739       100   Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 181     3,623       6,744   Inventories, net     9,387       6,008   Prepaid expenses and other     1,613       3,577   Total current assets     27,285       35,562                     Long-term marketable securities     601       781   Long-term restricted cash     96       823   Deferred tax assets, net     7,373       7,373   Property and equipment, net     1,704       1,757   Goodwill     10,346       10,118   Intangible assets, net     9,483       10,505   Operating lease right of use assets     4,284       4,541   Other assets     530       394   Total assets   $ 61,702     $ 71,854                     LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY                 Current liabilities:                 Accounts payable   $ 3,512       2,334   Accrued liabilities     7,443       12,083   Operating lease liabilities, current portion     983       948   Total current liabilities     11,938       15,365                     Other liabilities, noncurrent     159       907   Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent     4,803       5,189   Total liabilities     16,900       21,461                     Stockholders' equity:                 Preferred stock, $ 0.00001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding     -       -   Common stock, $ 0.00001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 36,984,295 and 36,611,240 shares issued and outstanding, respectively     -       -   Additional paid-in capital     109,523       108,551   Accumulated deficit     ( 64,276 )     ( 57,366 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)     ( 445 )     ( 792 ) Total stockholders' equity     44,802       50,393   Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 61,702     $ 71,854     See accompanying notes   1       Genasys Inc. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)       Three months ended     Six months ended       March 31,     March 31,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Revenues:                                 Product sales   $ 9,940     $ 11,854     $ 19,058     $ 21,424   Contract and other     1,273       1,314       2,642       2,421   Total revenues     11,213       13,168       21,700       23,845   Cost of revenues     6,288       5,991       11,943       11,365                                     Gross profit     4,925       7,177       9,757       12,480                                     Operating expenses                                 Selling, general and administrative     6,054       5,811       12,439       11,009   Research and development     2,281       1,893       4,216       3,607   Total operating expenses     8,335       7,704       16,655       14,616                                     Loss from operations     ( 3,410 )     ( 527 )     ( 6,898 )     ( 2,136 )                                   Other income (expense), net     15       ( 10 )     ( 4 )     3                                     Loss before income taxes     ( 3,395 )     ( 537 )     ( 6,902 )     ( 2,133 ) Income tax expense (benefit)     8       ( 45 )     8       ( 336 ) Net loss   $ ( 3,403 )   $ ( 492 )   $ ( 6,910 )   $ ( 1,797 )                                                                     Net loss per common share - basic and diluted   $ ( 0.09 )   $ ( 0.01 )   $ ( 0.19 )   $ ( 0.05 )                                   Weighted average common shares outstanding:                                 Basic and diluted     36,817,026       36,353,321       36,755,920       36,405,321   \ See accompanying notes   2       Genasys Inc. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (in thousands) (Unaudited)       Three months ended     Six months ended       March 31,     March 31,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Other comprehensive loss   $ ( 3,403 )   $ ( 492 )   $ ( 6,910 )   $ ( 1,797 ) Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities     29       ( 59 )     50       ( 69 ) Unrealized foreign currency gain (loss)     52       58       297       ( 17 ) Comprehensive loss   $ ( 3,322 )   $ ( 493 )   $ ( 6,563 )   $ ( 1,883 )   See accompanying notes   3       Genasys Inc. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) (Unaudited)       Six Months Ended   `   March 31,       2023     2022   Operating Activities:                 Net loss   $ ( 6,910 )   $ ( 1,797 )                   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:                 Depreciation and amortization     1,282       1,282   Amortization of debt issuance costs     8       10   Warranty provision     52       16   Inventory obsolescence     90       64   Stock-based compensation     933       1,295   Deferred income taxes     -       ( 336 ) Amortization of operating lease right of use asset     385       360   Accretion of acquisition holdback liability     24       24                     Changes in operating assets and liabilities:                 Accounts receivable, net     3,158       2,123   Inventories, net     ( 3,469 )     ( 3,291 ) Prepaid expenses and other     1,840       750   Accounts payable     1,145       805   Accrued and other liabilities     ( 6,004 )     ( 4,412 ) Net cash used in operating activities     ( 7,466 )     ( 3,107 )                   Investing Activities:                 Purchases of marketable securities     ( 3,641 )     ( 3,656 ) Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities     4,716       3,681   Capital expenditures     ( 157 )     ( 171 ) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     918       ( 146 )                   Financing Activities:                 Proceeds from exercise of stock options     86       170   Repurchase of common stock     -       ( 998 ) Shares retained for payment of taxes in connection with settlement of restricted stock units     ( 45 )     ( 70 ) Payments on promissory notes     -       ( 17 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities     41       ( 915 ) Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash     54       ( 20 ) Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash     ( 6,453 )     ( 4,188 ) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period     13,659       14,528   Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period   $ 7,206     $ 10,340     Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the consolidated balance sheets:                 Cash and cash equivalents   $ 6,371     $ 8,977   Restricted cash, current portion     739       267   Long-term restricted cash     96       1,096   Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows   $ 7,206     $ 10,340     See accompanying notes   4     Genasys Inc. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued) (in thousands) (Unaudited)       Six Months Ended       March 31,       2023     2022   Noncash investing and financing activities:                 Change in unrealized loss on marketable securities   $ 50     $ ( 69 ) Obligation to issue common stock in connection with the Amika Mobile asset purchase   $ ( 416 )   $ ( 832 ) Initial measurement of operating lease right of use assets   $ 79     $ 7   Initial measurement of operating lease liabilities   $ 79     $ 7     5       1. OPERATIONS Genasys Inc. (the “Company”) is a global provider of critical communications software solutions and hardware systems designed to alert, inform, and protect communities and organizations. The Genasys Protect™ unified platform collects information on developing and active emergency situations from a wide variety of sensors and inputs and empowers governments, businesses, and organizations to deliver real-time, geo-targeted notifications and information to people in harm’s way before, during, and after public safety and enterprise threats.     2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES   General   The Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, the accompanying financial statements reflect adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for those periods indicated, and contain adequate disclosure to make the information presented not misleading. Adjustments included herein are of a normal, recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed in the footnotes. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended September 30, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on December 16, 2022. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022, contained in the above referenced Form 10-K. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year.   Principles of consolidation   The Company has eight wholly owned subsidiaries, Genasys II Spain, S.A.U. (“Genasys Spain”), Genasys Communications Canada ULC (“Genasys Canada”), Genasys Singapore PTE Ltd, Genasys Puerto Rico, LLC, Zonehaven LLC, and Genasys Inc. (branch) in the United Arab Emirates and two currently inactive subsidiaries, Genasys America de CV and LRAD International Corporation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of these subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany transactions and accounts.   Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash   The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2023, the amount of cash and cash equivalents was $ 6,371 . As of September 30, 2022, the amount of cash and cash equivalents was $ 12,736 .   The Company considers any amounts pledged as collateral or otherwise restricted for use in current operations to be restricted cash. In addition, the Company excludes from cash and cash equivalents cash required to fund specific future contractual obligations related to business combinations. Restricted cash is classified as a current asset unless amounts are not expected to be released and available for use in operations within one year. As of March 31, 2023, the current portion of restricted cash was $ 739 , and the noncurrent portion was $ 96 . As of September 30, 2022, the current portion of restricted cash was $ 100 , and the noncurrent portion was $ 823 .   Reclassifications   Where necessary, certain prior year’s information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.     3. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS   New pronouncements pending adoption   In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which supersedes current guidance by requiring recognition of credit losses when it is probable that a loss has been incurred. The new standard requires the establishment of an allowance for estimated credit losses on financial assets including trade and other receivables at each reporting date. The new standard will result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses on trade and other receivables and other contractual rights to receive cash. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC 326), Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815) and Leases (ASC 842) , which extends the effective date of ASC 326 for certain companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The new standard will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year beginning October 1, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. The Company has not completed its review of the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. However, based on the Company’s history of immaterial credit losses from trade receivables, the Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.   6 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (ASC 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting . ASU No. 2020-04 provides optional guidance, expedients and exceptions for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this update apply to all entities, subject to meeting the criteria, which participate in contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. ASU No. 2020-04 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (ASC   848), Scope , which refines the scope of ASC 848 and permits optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships. The amendments of these updates were available to all entities as of March 12, 2020. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (ASC 848 ), Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 , extending the relief offered in this series of ASUs through December 31, 2024. The Company intends to adopt this standard when LIBOR is discontinued. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.     4. REVENUE RECOGNITION   ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized:     1. Identify the contract(s) with customers   2. Identify the performance obligations   3. Determine the transaction price   4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations   5. Recognize revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied   ASC 606 requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.   The Company derives its revenue from the sale of products to customers, contracts, software license fees, other services and freight. The Company sells its products through its direct sales force and through authorized resellers and system integrators. The Company recognizes revenue for goods including software when all the significant risks and rewards have been transferred to the customer, no continuing managerial involvement usually associated with ownership of the goods is retained, no effective control over the goods sold is retained, the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transactions will flow to the Company and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. Software license revenue, maintenance and/or software development service fees may be bundled in one arrangement or may be sold separately.   Product revenue   Product revenue is recognized as a distinct single performance obligation when products are tendered to a carrier for delivery, which represents the point in time that the Company’s customer obtains control of the products. A smaller portion of product revenue is recognized when the customer receives delivery of the products. A portion of products are sold through resellers and system integrators based on firm commitments from an end user, and as a result, resellers and system integrators carry little or no inventory. The Company’s customers do not have a right to return product unless the product is found defective and therefore the Company’s estimate for returns has historically been insignificant.   Perpetual licensed software   The sale and/or license of software products is deemed to have occurred when a customer either has taken possession of, or has the ability to take immediate possession of, the software and the software key. Perpetual software licenses can include one-year maintenance and support services. In addition, the Company sells maintenance services on a stand-alone basis and is therefore capable of determining their fair value. On this basis, the amount of the embedded maintenance is separated from the fee for the perpetual license and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period to which the maintenance relates.   Time-based licensed software   The time-based license agreements include the use of a software license for a fixed term, generally one-year, and maintenance and support services during the same period. The Company does not sell time-based licenses without maintenance and support services and therefore revenues for the entire arrangements are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term.   7 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Warranty, maintenance, and services   The Company offers extended warranty, maintenance and other services. Extended warranty and maintenance contracts are offered with terms ranging from one to several years, which provide repair and maintenance services after expiration of the original one-year warranty term. Revenues from separately priced extended warranty and maintenance contracts are recognized based on time elapsed over the service period and classified as contract and other revenues. Revenue from other services such as training or installation is recognized when the service is completed.   Multiple element arrangements   The Company has entered into a number of multiple element arrangements, such as the sale of a product or perpetual licenses that may include maintenance and support (included in the price of perpetual licenses) and time-based licenses (that include embedded maintenance and support, both of which may be sold with software development services, training, and other product sales). In some cases, the Company delivers software development services bundled with the sale of the software. In multiple element arrangements, the Company uses either the stand-alone selling price or an expected cost-plus margin approach to determine the fair value of each element within the arrangement, including software and software-related services such as maintenance and support. In general, elements in such arrangements are also sold on a stand-alone basis and stand-alone selling prices are available.   Revenue is allocated to each deliverable based on the fair value of each individual element and is recognized when the revenue recognition criteria described above are met, except for time-based licenses which are not unbundled. When software development services are performed and are considered essential to the functionality of the software, the Company recognizes revenue from the software development services on a stage of completion basis, and the revenue from the software when the related development services have been completed.   The Company disaggregates revenue by reporting segment (Hardware and Software) and geographically to depict the nature of revenue in a manner consistent with its business operations and to be consistent with other communications and public filings. Refer to Note 18, Segment Information and Note 19, Major Customers, Suppliers and Related Information for additional details of revenues by reporting segment and disaggregation of revenue.   Contract assets and liabilities   The Company enters into contracts to sell products and provide services and recognizes contract assets and liabilities that arise from these transactions. The Company recognizes revenue and corresponding accounts receivable according to ASC 606 and, at times, recognizes revenue in advance of the time when contracts give the Company the right to invoice a customer. Sales commissions are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Subscription related commission costs are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit. The Company may also receive consideration, per terms of a contract, from customers prior to transferring goods to the customer. The Company records customer deposits as a contract liability. Additionally, the Company may receive payments, most typically for service and warranty contracts, at the onset of the contract and before the services have been performed. In such instances, a deferred revenue liability is recorded. The Company recognizes these contract liabilities as revenue after all revenue recognition criteria are met. The table below reflects the balances of contract liabilities as of March 31, 2023, and September 30, 2022, including the change between the periods. There were no contract assets as of March 31, 2023, and September 30, 2022. The current portion of contract liabilities and the noncurrent portion are included in “Accrued liabilities” and “Other liabilities, noncurrent”, respectively, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 10, Accrued and Other Liabilities for additional details.   The Company’s contract liabilities were as follows:       Customer deposits     Deferred revenue     Total contract liabilities   Balance as of September 30, 2022   $ 4,724     $ 2,054     $ 6,778   New performance obligations     4,831       1,215       6,046   Recognition of revenue as a result of satisfying performance obligations     ( 7,701 )     ( 1,489 )     ( 9,190 ) Effect of exchange rate on deferred revenue     1       31       32   Balance as of March 31, 2023   $ 1,855     $ 1,811     $ 3,666   Less: non-current portion     -       ( 159 )     ( 159 ) Current portion as of March 31, 2023   $ 1,855     $ 1,652     $ 3,507     8 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Remaining performance obligations   Remaining performance obligations related to ASC 606 represent the aggregate transaction price allocated to performance obligations under an original contract with a term greater than one year, which are fully or partially unsatisfied at the end of the period.   As of March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $ 3,666 . The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately $ 3,507 or 96 % of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, and the remainder is expected to be recognized thereafter.   Practical expedients    In cases where the Company is responsible for shipping after the customer has obtained control of the goods, the Company has elected to treat these activities as fulfillment activities rather than as a separate performance obligation. Additionally, the Company has elected to capitalize the cost to obtain a contract only if the period of amortization would be longer than one year. The Company only gives consideration to whether a customer agreement has a financing component if the period of time between transfer of goods and services and customer payment is greater than one year. The Company also utilizes the “as invoiced” practical expedient in certain cases where performance obligations are satisfied over time and the invoiced amount corresponds directly with the value the Company is providing to the customer.     5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS   The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash equivalents, short and long-term marketable securities, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received in an asset sale or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unaffiliated market participants. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is prioritized into three levels (with Level 3 being the lowest) defined as follows:     Level 1: Inputs are based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.   Level 2: Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and/or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active near the measurement date.   Level 3: Inputs include management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instrument’s valuation.   The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities were determined based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the “Level 2” instruments were based on quoted market prices or model-driven valuations using significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. The Company believes that the recorded values of its other financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective relatively short maturity dates or durations. The Company did not have any marketable securities in the Level 3 category as of March 31, 2023, or September 30, 2022. There have been no changes in Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 and no changes in valuation techniques for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods ended March 31, 2023, and September 30, 2022.   9 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis   Cash equivalents and marketable securities : The following tables present the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities’ costs, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value by major security type recorded as cash equivalents or short-term or long-term marketable securities as of March 31, 2023, and September 30, 2022. Unrealized gains and losses from the remeasurement of marketable securities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until recognized in earnings upon the sale or maturity of the security.       March 31, 2023       Cost Basis     Unrealized Loss     Fair Value     Cash Equivalents     Short-term Securities     Long-term Securities   Level 1:                                                 Money market funds   $ 510     $ -     $ 510     $ 510     $ -     $ -                                                     Level 2:                                                 Certificates of deposit     302       -       302       -       -       302   Municipal securities     3,694       ( 28 )     3,666       -       3,367       299   Corporate bonds     2,197       ( 12 )     2,185       -       2,185       -   Subtotal     6,193       ( 40 )     6,153       -       5,552       601                                                     Total   $ 6,703     $ ( 40 )   $ 6,663     $ 510     $ 5,552     $ 601           September 30, 2022       Cost Basis     Unrealized Loss     Fair Value     Cash Equivalents     Short-term Securities     Long-term Securities   Level 1:                                                 Money market funds   $ 1,316     $ -     $ 1,316     $ 1,316     $ -     $ -                                                     Level 2:                                                 Certificates of deposit     800       -       800       -       498       302   Municipal securities     4,066       ( 65 )     4,001       -       3,772       229   Corporate bonds     2,402       ( 25 )     2,377       -       2,127       250   Subtotal     7,268       ( 90 )     7,178       -       6,397       781                                                     Total   $ 8,584     $ ( 90 )   $ 8,494     $ 1,316     $ 6,397     $ 781     Instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis   Nonfinancial assets : Nonfinancial assets such as goodwill, other intangible assets, long-lived assets held and used, and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when impairment is recognized or for a business combination.    Goodwill and intangible assets are recognized at fair value during the period in which an acquisition is completed, from updated estimates during the measurement period, or when they are considered to be impaired. These non-recurring fair value measurements, primarily for intangible assets acquired, were based on Level 3 inputs. The Company estimates the fair value of these long-lived assets on a non-recurring basis based on a market valuation approach, engaging independent valuation experts to assist in the determination of fair value.   Holdback Liability : In connection with the Amika Mobile asset purchase, the Company recorded a holdback liability related to potential future adjustments to assets and liabilities, misrepresentations and indemnifications against third-party claims. Adjustments of up to CAD$ 1,000 (USD$ 739 ) will be deducted from the asset purchase holdback liability for up to three years from the closing date. The holdback liability was recorded at the present value which was the fair value at the acquisition date. The Company engaged independent valuation experts to assist in determining the present value of the holdback liability. The expected future payment was discounted using a rate representative of the Company’s payment risk and credit rating. Accretion is recorded in each subsequent reporting period based on the discount factor used to arrive at the original fair value. This change in fair value is recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. The changes in the carrying amount of the holdback liability is as follows:   Balance as of September 30, 2022   $ 680   Accretion     24   Currency translation     10   Balance as of March 31, 2023   $ 714     10 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)       6. INVENTORIES, NET   Inventories, net consisted of the following:       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Raw materials   $ 7,229     $ 5,277   Finished goods     867       844   Work in process     2,063       744   Inventories, gross     10,159       6,865   Reserve for obsolescence     ( 772 )     ( 857 ) Inventories, net   $ 9,387     $ 6,008       7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET   Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Office furniture and equipment   $ 1,577     $ 1,432   Machinery and equipment     1,425       1,391   Leasehold improvements     2,302       2,172   Construction in progress     -       104   Property and equipment, gross     5,304       5,099   Accumulated depreciation     ( 3,600 )     ( 3,342 ) Property and equipment, net   $ 1,704     $ 1,757     Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment was $ 113 and $ 102 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment was $ 224 and $ 199 for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.       8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS   Goodwill is attributable to the acquisitions of Genasys Spain and Zonehaven, and the Amika Mobile asset purchase and is due to combining the integrated emergency critical communications, mass messaging solutions, and software development capabilities with existing hardware products for enhanced offerings and the skill level of the acquired workforces. The Company periodically reviews goodwill for impairment in accordance with relevant accounting standards. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, in conjunction with the annual impairment assessment, the Company determined that the fair value of the software reporting unit was less than the carrying value. The Company engaged independent valuation experts to assist in determining the fair value of the software reporting unit and recorded a $ 13,162 goodwill impairment charge. As of March 31, 2023, and September 30, 2022, goodwill was $ 10,346 and $ 10,118 respectively. There were no additions or impairments to goodwill during the six months ended March 31, 2023.   The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the six months ended March 31, 2023, were as follows:       Hardware     Software     Total   Balance as of September 30, 2022   $ -     $ 10,118     $ 10,118   Currency translation     -       228       228   Balance as of March 31, 2023   $ -     $ 10,346     $ 10,346     Intangible assets and goodwill related to Genasys Spain are translated from Euros to U.S. dollars at the balance sheet date. The net impact of foreign currency exchange differences arising during the period related to goodwill and intangible assets was an increase of $ 264 .   11 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     The changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets by segment for the six months ended March 31, 2023, were as follows:       Hardware     Software     Total   Balance as of September 30, 2022   $ 21     $ 10,484     $ 10,505   Amortization     ( 2 )     ( 1,056 )     ( 1,058 ) Currency translation     -       36       36   Balance as of March 31, 2023   $ 19     $ 9,464     $ 9,483     The Company’s consolidated intangible assets consisted of the following:       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Technology   $ 11,947     $ 11,886   Customer relationships     1,806       1,715   Trade name portfolio     611       590   Non-compete agreements     229       206   Patents     72       72         14,665       14,469   Accumulated amortization     ( 5,182 )     ( 3,964 )     $ 9,483     $ 10,505     As of March 31, 2023, future amortization expense is as follows:   Fiscal year ending September 30,         2023 (remaining six months)   $ 1,050   2024     2,099   2025     1,979   2026     1,842   2027     1,669   Thereafter     844   Total estimated amortization expense   $ 9,483     Amortization expense was $ 526 and $ 541 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense was $ 1,058 and $ 1,083 for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.     9. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER   Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Deposits for inventory   $ 101     $ 461   Prepaid insurance     270       360   Dues and subscriptions     271       182   Prepaid commissions     387       228   Trade shows and travel     211       471   Canadian goods and services and harmonized sales tax receivable     115       1,631   Other     258       244       $ 1,613     $ 3,577     Deposits for inventory   Deposits for inventory consisted of cash payments to vendors for inventory to be delivered in the future.   12 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Prepaid insurance   Prepaid insurance consisted of premiums paid for health, commercial and corporate insurance. These premiums are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements.   Dues and subscriptions   Dues and subscriptions consisted of payments made in advance for software subscriptions and trade and professional organizations. These payments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements.   Prepaid commissions   Prepaid commissions represented the current portion of sales commissions paid in connection with obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which is typically between three and five years. Amortization of prepaid commissions is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.   Trade shows and travel   Trade shows and travel consisted of payments made in advance for trade show events.   Canadian goods and services and harmonized sales tax receivable   The goods and services tax and harmonized sales tax (“GST/HST”) is a Canadian value-added tax that applies to many goods and services. Registrants may claim refundable tax credits for GST/HST incurred through filing periodic tax returns. This GST/HST receivable is a receivable from the Canadian Revenue Agency.     10. ACCRUED AND OTHER LIABILITIES   Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Payroll and related   $ 2,422     $ 3,003   Deferred revenue     1,652       1,827   Customer deposits     1,855       4,724   Accrued contract costs     622       809   Warranty reserve     150       159   Canadian goods and services and harmonized sales tax payable     -       1,556   Asset purchase holdback liability     714       -   Other     28       5   Total   $ 7,443     $ 12,083     Other liabilities-noncurrent consisted of the following:       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Deferred revenue   $ 159     $ 227   Asset purchase holdback liability     -       680   Total   $ 159     $ 907     Payroll and related   Payroll and related consisted primarily of accrued vacation, bonus, sales commissions and benefits.   Deferred revenue   Deferred revenue as of March 31, 2023, included prepayments from customers for services, including extended warranty, scheduled to be performed in the twelve months ending March 31, 2024.   Customer deposits   Customer deposits represent amounts paid by customers as a down payment on hardware orders to be delivered in the twelve months ending March 31, 2024.   13 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Accrued contract costs   Accrued contract costs consisted of accrued expenses for contracting a third-party service provider to fulfill repair and maintenance obligations required under a contract with a foreign military for units sold in the year ended September 30, 2011. Payments to the service provider will be made annually upon completion of each year of service. A new contract was signed with the customer in May 2019 to continue repair and maintenance services through May 2024. These services are being recorded in cost of revenues to correspond with the revenues for these services.   Asset purchase holdback liability   In connection with the Amika Mobile asset purchase, the Company recorded a holdback liability related to potential future adjustments to assets and liabilities, misrepresentations and indemnifications against third-party claims. Adjustments of up to CAD$1,000 (USD$739) will be deducted from the asset purchase holdback liability for up to three years from the closing date. The liability is recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.   Warranty reserve   Changes in the warranty reserve and extended warranty were as follows:       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Beginning balance   $ 159     $ 146   Warranty provision     52       86   Warranty settlements     ( 61 )     ( 73 ) Ending balance   $ 150     $ 159     The Company establishes a warranty reserve based on anticipated warranty claims at the time product revenue is recognized. Factors affecting warranty reserve levels include the number of units sold, anticipated cost of warranty repairs and anticipated rates of warranty claims. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the provision for warranty costs each reporting period and adjusts the accrued warranty liability to an amount equal to estimated warranty expense for products currently under warranty.   Deferred extended warranty revenue   Deferred extended warranty revenue consisted of warranties purchased in excess of the Company’s standard warranty. Extended warranties typically range from one to two years.     11. DEBT   Revolving line of credit   On March 8, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with MUFG Union Bank, N.A. for a $ 10 million revolving line of credit. Outstanding balances on the revolving line of credit bore interest at a per annum rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 2.25 %. The agreement contained a provision for determining an alternative interest rate index in the event the LIBOR rate is no longer available. The agreement contained standard covenants, including affirmative financial covenants, such as the maintenance of a short-term liquidity ratio and a senior leverage ratio, in addition to negative covenants which limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, loans and equity investments, disposition of assets, mergers and consolidations and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. The maturity date of this revolving line of credit was March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, and September 30, 2022, there were no borrowings on the revolving line of credit. The Company incurred and capitalized $ 38 of issuance costs related to this revolving line of credit. These issuance costs were recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and were amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the loan.     12. LEASES   The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The guidance in ASC 842 defines a lease as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Additionally, the portfolio approach is used in determining the discount rate used to present value lease payments. The ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred.   14 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     The Company is party to operating leases for office and production facilities and equipment under agreements that expire at various dates through 2028. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the lease standard. In electing the practical expedient package, the Company is not required to reassess whether an existing or expired contract is or contains a lease, reassess the lease classification for expired or existing leases nor reassess the initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the adoption of ASC 842. The Company also elected the short-term lease exemption such that the lease standard was applied to leases greater than one year in duration. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.   The tables below show the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022, and the balances as of March 31, 2023, including the changes during the periods.       Operating lease ROU assets   Operating lease ROU assets as of September 30, 2022   $ 4,541   Additional operating lease ROU assets     79   Less amortization of operating lease ROU assets     ( 385 ) Effect of exchange rate on operating lease ROU assets     49   Operating lease ROU assets as of March 31, 2023   $ 4,284         Operating lease liabilities   Operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2022   $ 6,137   Additional operating lease liabilities     79   Less lease principal payments on operating lease liabilities     ( 480 ) Effect of exchange rate on operating lease liabilities     50   Operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023     5,786   Less non-current portion     ( 4,803 ) Current portion as of March 31, 2023   $ 983     As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s operating leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 5.3 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 4.15%. The maturities of the operating lease liabilities are as follows:   Fiscal year ending September 30,         2023 (remaining six months)   $ 598   2024     1,208   2025     1,184   2026     1,198   2027     1,220   Thereafter     1,047   Total undiscounted operating lease payments     6,455   Less imputed interest     ( 669 ) Present value of operating lease liabilities   $ 5,786     For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, total lease expense under operating leases was approximately $ 245 and $ 246 , respectively. For the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, total lease expense under operating leases was approximately $ 503 and $ 491 , respectively. The Company recorded $ 4 in short-term lease expense during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023. The Company did not have any short-term lease expense during the three and six months ended March 31, 2022.     13. INCOME TAXES   For the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded discrete income tax expense of $ 8 related to a prior year foreign income tax expense true-up. For the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company did not record an income tax benefit for the tax loss, as the benefits are not expected to be realized during the current fiscal year through ordinary income generated during the third and fourth quarters or in a future year through recognition of a deferred tax asset. For the six months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $ 336 reflecting an effective tax rate of 28.6 %.   The Company expects to utilize its deferred tax asset in the future, except for those related to federal R&D tax credit carryforwards and net operating loss carryforwards, R&D credits, and foreign tax credits related to Genasys Spain and Genasys Canada, and continues to maintain a partial allowance.   ASC 740, Income Taxes , requires the Company to recognize in its consolidated financial statements uncertainties in tax positions taken that may not be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. If interest or penalties are assessed, the Company would recognize these charges as income tax expense. The Company has not recorded any income tax expense or benefit for uncertain tax positions.   15 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)       14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES   Litigation   The Company may at times be involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company will, from time to time, when appropriate in the Company’s estimation, record adequate reserves in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for pending litigation. Currently, there are no pending material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or to which any of its property is subject.   Bonus plan   The Company has a bonus plan for employees, in accordance with their terms of employment, whereby they can earn a percentage of their salary based on meeting targeted objectives for orders received, revenue, operating income and operating cash flow. In the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $ 589 of bonus expense. In the six months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $ 845 of bonus expense.   Amika Mobile asset purchase   In connection with the Amika Mobile asset purchase, the Company recorded a holdback liability related to potential future adjustments to assets and liabilities, misrepresentations, and indemnifications against third-party claims. Adjustments of up to CAD$ 1,000 (USD$ 739 ) will be deducted from the asset purchase holdback liability for up to three years from the closing date. The liability is recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.   The Company also agreed to issue 191,267 shares of the Company’s common stock to the former owners of Amika Mobile on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing date. The total number of shares of common stock the Company is obligated to issue is 573,801 . The fair value of the Company’s common stock on the closing date was $ 5.98  per share, resulting in the addition of $ 3,431 to additional paid-in-capital. During the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company accelerated the issuance of 365,109 of such shares of common stock to a former owner of the Amika Mobile assets. During the year ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 69,564 shares to the former owners of the Amika Mobile assets. During the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 69,564 shares to the former owners of the Amika Mobile assets. There are 69,564 remaining shares of the Company’s common stock subject to issuance under this obligation.     15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION   Stock option plans   As of March 31, 2022, the Company had two equity incentive plans. The 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (“2005 Equity Plan”) was terminated with respect to new grants in March 2015 but remains in effect for grants issued prior to that time. The Amended and Restated 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 Equity Plan”) was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 6, 2016, and approved by the Company’s stockholders on March 14, 2017. The 2015 Equity Plan was amended by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 8, 2020, to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 . On March 16, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the plan amendment. The 2015 Equity Plan authorizes the issuance of stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance awards, to an aggregate of 10,000,000 new shares of common stock to employees, directors, advisors or consultants. As of March 31, 2023, there were options and restricted stock units outstanding covering 1,000 and 4,579,035 shares of common stock under the 2005 Equity Plan and the 2015 Equity Plan, respectively, and 2,861,077 shares of common stock available for grant, for a total of 7,441,112 shares of common stock authorized and unissued under the two equity plans.   Share-based compensation   The Company’s employee stock options have various restrictions that reduce option value, including vesting provisions and restrictions on transfer and hedging, among others, and are often exercised prior to their contractual maturity.   Share-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 718: Compensation - Stock Compensation . Total compensation expense for all share-based awards is based on the estimated fair market value of the equity instrument issued on the grant date. For share-based awards that vest based solely on a service condition, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for the entire award. For share-based awards that vest based on a market condition, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each separately vesting tranche. For share-based awards that vest based on a performance condition, compensation expense is recognized for the number of awards that are expected to vest based on the probable outcome of the performance condition. Compensation cost for these awards will be adjusted to reflect the number of awards that ultimately vest.   16 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     There were 1,806,500 stock options granted during the six months ended March 31, 2023, of which 225,000 vest based on a market condition. There were 302,000 stock options granted during the six months ended March 31, 2022, none of which vest based on a market condition.   Stock options that do not contain market-based vesting conditions are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average estimated fair value of employee stock options granted, that vest without a market condition, during the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was calculated with the following weighted average assumptions (annualized percentages):       Six months ended       March 31       2023     2022   Volatility     52.1 %       48.1 %   Risk-free interest rate     4.0 %       1.5 %   Dividend yield     0.0 %       0.0 %   Expected term in years     5.8       6.8     Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period commensurate with the expected term of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on rates published by the Federal Reserve Board. The contractual term of the options was seven years. The expected term is based on observed and expected time to post-vesting exercise. The expected forfeiture rate is based on past experience and employee retention data. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Such revision adjustments to expense will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the estimate is changed. The Company has not paid a dividend in fiscal 2023 and did not pay a dividend in fiscal 2022.   For stock options that contain market-based vesting conditions, the fair value of these options was determined using a Monte Carlo valuation approach and calculated by an independent valuation specialist.   As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $ 1,976 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding employee stock options. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. To the extent the forfeiture rate is different from what the Company anticipated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from the Company’s expectations.   Performance-based stock options   On October 4, 2019, the Company awarded a performance-based stock option (PVO) to purchase 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to a key executive, with a contractual term of seven years. Vesting is based upon the achievement of certain performance criteria for each of fiscal 2022 and 2023 including a minimum free cash flow margin and net revenue targets. Additionally, vesting is subject to the executive being employed by the Company at the time the Company achieves such financial targets. During the year ended September 30, 2022, the Company modified the performance criteria for these PVOs to exclude certain strategic growth initiatives that were not planned at the time of grant. The Company recorded $ 209 in stock-based compensation expense related to these options in the year ended September 30, 2022. The Company did not record compensation expense related to the 2023 performance-based stock options during the six months ended March 31, 2023.   On October 8, 2022, the Company awarded additional performance-based stock options to purchase 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the same key executive, with a contractual term of seven years. Vesting is based upon the achievement of certain performance criteria for each of fiscal 2025 and 2026 including a minimum free cash flow margin and net revenue targets. Additionally, vesting is subject to the executive being employed by the Company at the time the Company achieves such financial targets. The Company did not record compensation expense related to these options for the six months ended March 31, 2023.   On August 10, 2022, the Company granted PVOs to purchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to a key member of management, with a contractual term of seven years. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, these options were forfeited due to a voluntary termination of employment. The Company did not record compensation expense related to these options for the six months ended March 31, 2022.   On March 20, 2023, the Company granted PVOs to purchase up to 450,000 shares of the Company’s stock to a key member of management with a contractual term of seven years. Vesting is based upon the achievement of certain performance criteria for each of the first three twelve-month periods following the employee’s start date, including targets related to growth in the institutional ownership of the Company’s common stock and growth in the trading volume of the Company’s common stock during such periods. Additionally, vesting is subject to the employee being employed by the Company on each of the first three anniversaries of the employee’s start date. 225,000 of these options contain a market-based vesting condition and accounting principles do not require the market condition to be achieved in order for compensation expense to be recognized. The Company recorded $ 0.4  of compensation expense related to these options during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023.   The Company did not grant any PVO’s during the six months ended March 31, 2022.   17 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Restricted stock units   In fiscal 2020, 81,270 RSUs were granted to employees that vested over three years on the anniversary date of the grant. These were issued at a market value of $ 258 and have been expensed on a straight-line basis over the three-year life of the grants.   During fiscal 2021, 145,950 RSUs were granted to employees that will vest over three years on the anniversary date of the grant. These were issued at a market value of $ 989 , which have and will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the three-year life of the grants.   On March 15, 2022, each non-employee member of the Board of Directors received a grant of 30,000 RSUs that vested on the first anniversary of the grant date. These were issued at a market value of $ 407 , and expensed on a straight-line basis through the March 15, 2023, vest date. On November 1, 2021, 10,000 RSUs were granted to a non-employee advisor that vested on the first anniversary of the grant date. These were issued at a market value of $ 51 , which were expensed on a straight-line basis though the November 1, 2022, vest date. On November 1, 2022, 10,000 RSUs were granted to a non-employee advisor that vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. These were issued at a market value of $ 29 , which have and will be expensed on a straight-line basis though the November 1, 2023, vest date.   On March 14, 2023, each non-employee member of the Board of Directors received a grant of 30,000 RSUs that will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. These RSUs were granted at a market value of $ 417 and have and will be expensed on a straight-line basis through the March 14, 2024, vest date. On February 14, 2023, 145,600 RSUs were granted to employees that will vest over three years on the anniversary date of the grant. These RSUs were issued at a market value of $ 582 , which have and will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the three-year life of the grants. On March 20, 2023, 20,000 RSUs were granted to an employee with immediate vesting. These were issued at a market value of $ 66 and were expensed immediately.   Compensation expense for RSUs was $ 350 and $ 548 for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. Compensation expense for RSUs was $ 586 and $ 1,023 for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $ 1,473 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding RSUs. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.   A summary of the Company’s RSUs as of March 31, 2023, is presented below:       Number of Shares     Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value   Outstanding September 30, 2022     342,841     $ 4.11   Granted     295,600     $ 3.63   Released     ( 245,428 )   $ 3.68   Forfeited/cancelled     -     $ -   Outstanding March 31, 2023     393,013     $ 4.01     Stock option summary information   A summary of the activity in options to purchase the capital stock of the Company as of March 31, 2023, is presented below:       Number of Shares     Weighted Average Exercise Price   Outstanding September 30, 2022     3,940,899     $ 3.31   Granted     1,806,500     $ 2.93   Forfeited/expired     ( 1,476,612 )   $ 3.99   Exercised     ( 83,765 )   $ 1.60   Outstanding March 31, 2023     4,187,022     $ 2.94   Exerciseable March 31, 2023     1,698,888     $ 2.59     18 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Options outstanding are exercisable at prices ranging from $ 1.31 to $ 8.03 per share and expire over the period from 2023 to 2030 with an average life of 4.39 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable as of March 31, 2023, was $ 1,381 and $ 1,095 , respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last day of trading for the quarter, which was $ 2.95 per share, and the exercise price multiplied by the number of applicable options. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2023 was $ 147 and proceeds from these exercises was $ 86 . The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2022 was $ 86 and proceeds from these exercises was $ 170 .   The following table summarized information about stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2023:                   Weighted Average     Weighted Average             Weighted Average   Range of   Number     Remaining     Exercise     Number     Exercise   Exercise Prices   Outstanding     Contractual Term     Price     Exercisable     Price   $ 1.31 - $ 1.99     1,097,657       0.98     $ 1.95       1,097,657     $ 1.95   $ 2.69 - $ 2.69     1,100,000       6.52     $ 2.69       -     $ -   $ 3.12 - $ 3.39     1,151,138       5.17     $ 3.33       187,138     $ 3.39   $ 3.40 - $ 8.03     838,227       5.01     $ 4.04       414,093     $ 3.93             4,187,022       4.39     $ 2.94       1,698,888     $ 2.59     The Company recorded $ 163 and $ 151 of stock option compensation expense for employees, directors and consultants for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recorded $ 385 and $ 272 of stock option compensation expense for employees, directors and consultants for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.   Share-based compensation   The Company recorded share-based compensation expense and classified it in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:       Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended       March 31,     March 31,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Cost of revenues   $ 33     $ 28     $ 61     $ 43   Selling, general and administrative     447       686       820       1,217   Research and development     33       23       52       35       $ 513     $ 737     $ 933     $ 1,295     19 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)       16. STOCKHOLDERS ’ EQUITY   Summary   The following table summarizes changes in the components of stockholders’ equity during the six months ended March 31, 2023, and the six months ended March 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands, except par value and share amounts):                                     Accumulated               Common Stock     Additional             Other     Total       Shares     Par Value Amount     Paid-in Capital     Accumulated Deficit     Comprehensive Loss     Stockholders' Equity   Balance as of September 30, 2022     36,611,240     $ 366     $ 108,551     $ ( 57,366 )   $ ( 792 )   $ 50,393   Share-based compensation expense     -       -       420       -       -       420   Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net     20,000       -       32       -       -       32   Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units     12,667       -       -       -       -       -   Release of obligation to issue commons stock     69,564       1       -       -               -   Accumulated other comprehensive loss     -       -       -       -       266       266   Net loss     -       -       -       ( 3,507 )             ( 3,507 ) Balance as of December 31, 2022     36,713,471     $ 367     $ 109,003     $ ( 60,873 )   $ ( 526 )   $ 47,604                                                     Share-based compensation expense     -       -       513       -       -       513   Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net     33,765       1       54       -       -       54   Issuance of common stock upon cashless exercise of stock options, net     15,914       -       -       -       -       -   Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units     232,761       2       ( 2 )     -       -       ( 2 ) Shares retained for payment of taxes in connection with net share settlement of restricted stock units     ( 11,616 )     -       ( 45 )     -       -       ( 45 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss     -       -       -       -       81       81   Net loss     -       -       -       ( 3,403 )     -       ( 3,403 ) Balance as of March 31, 2023     36,984,295     $ 370     $ 109,523     $ ( 64,276 )   $ ( 445 )   $ 44,802     20 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)         Common Stock     Additional             Other     Total       Shares     Par Value Amount     Paid-in Capital     Accumulated Deficit     Comprehensive Loss     Stockholders' Equity   Balance as of September 30, 2021     36,403,833     $ 364     $ 107,110     $ ( 41,154 )   $ 2     $ 65,958   Share-based compensation expense     -       -       558       -       -       558   Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net     15,000       -       46       -       -       46   Stock buyback     ( 116,868 )     ( 1 )     ( 441 )     -       -       ( 441 ) Release of obligation to issue commons stock     69,564       -       -       -       -       -   Accumulated other comprehensive loss     -       -       -       -       ( 85 )     ( 85 ) Net loss     -       -       -       ( 1,305 )     -       ( 1,305 ) Balance as of December 31, 2021     36,371,529       363     $ 107,273     $ ( 42,459 )   $ ( 83 )   $ 64,731                                                     Share-based compensation expense     -       -       737       -       -       737   Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net     55,000       1       124       -       -       124   Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units     262,342       2       -       -       -       -   Shares retained for payment of taxes in connection with net share settlement of restricted stock units     ( 18,344 )     -       ( 70 )     -       -       ( 70 ) Stock buyback     ( 142,442 )     ( 1 )     ( 557 )     -       -       ( 557 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss     -       -       -       -       ( 1 )     ( 1 ) Net loss     -       -       -       ( 492 )     -       ( 492 ) Balance as of March 31, 2022     36,528,085       365     $ 107,507     $ ( 42,951 )   $ ( 84 )   $ 64,472       Common stock activity   During the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 69,679 shares of common stock and received gross proceeds of $ 86 in connection with the exercise of stock options, and the Company issued 233,812 shares of common stock in connection with the vesting of RSUs. During the six months ended March 31, 2022 the Company issued 70,000 shares of common stock and received gross proceeds of $ 170 in connection with the exercise of stock options, and the Company issued 243,998 shares of common stock in connection with the vesting of RSUs.   21 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     In connection with the Amika Mobile asset purchase, the Company agreed to issue 191,267 shares of the Company’s common stock to the former owners of Amika Mobile on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing date. The total number of shares of common stock the Company is obligated to issue is 573,801 . The fair value of the Company’s common stock on the closing date was $ 5.98  per share, resulting in the addition of $ 3,431 to additional paid-in-capital. During the year ended September 30, 2021, the Company accelerated the issuance of 365,109 of such shares of common stock to a former owner of the Amika Mobile assets. During the year ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 69,564 shares to the former owners of the Amika Mobile assets. During the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 69,564 shares to the former owners of the Amika Mobile assets. There are 69,564 remaining shares of the Company’s common stock subject to issuance under this obligation.   Share buyback program   In December 2018, the Board of Directors approved a new share buyback program beginning January 1, 2019, and expiring on December 31, 2020, under which the Company was authorized to repurchase up to $ 5 million of its outstanding common shares. In December 2020, the Board of Directors extended the buyback program until December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the Board of Directors extended the Company’s share buyback program through December 31, 2024.   There were no shares repurchased during the six months ended March 31, 2023. During the six months ended March 31, 2022 259,310 shares were repurchased for $ 998 . All repurchased shares have been retired as of March 31, 2023, and $ 3 million was available for share repurchase under the program.   Dividends   There were no dividends declared in the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.     17. NET LOSS PER SHARE   The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:       March 31,     March 31,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Net loss   $ ( 3,403 )   $ ( 492 )   $ ( 6,910 )   $ ( 1,797 )                                   Basic and diluted income per share   $ ( 0.09 )   $ ( 0.01 )   $ ( 0.19 )   $ ( 0.05 )                                   Weighted average shares outstanding - basic     36,817,026       36,535,321       36,755,920       36,405,321   Assumed exercise of dilutive options     -       -       -       -   Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted     36,817,026       36,535,321       36,755,920       36,405,321                                     Potentially diluted securities outstanding at period end excluded from diluted computation as the inclusion would have been antidilutive:                                 Options     4,187,022       2,977,384       4,187,022       2,977,384   RSU     393,013       382,927       393,013       382,927   Obligation to issue common stock     69,564       139,128       69,564       139,128   Total     4,649,599       3,499,439       4,649,599       3,499,439     22 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)       18. SEGMENT INFORMATION   The Company is engaged in the design, development and commercialization of directed and multidirectional sound technologies, voice broadcast products, and location-based mass messaging software for emergency warning and evacuation management. The Company operates in two business segments: Hardware and Software and its principal markets are North and South America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. As reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Company evaluates the performance of each segment based on sales and operating income. Cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, deferred tax assets, goodwill and intangible assets are primary assets identified by segment. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same for the Company as a whole.   The following table presents the Company’s segment disclosures:       Three months ended     Six months ended       March 31,     March 31,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Revenue from external customers                                 Hardware   $ 10,360     $ 12,495     $ 19,945     $ 22,622   Software     853       673       1,755       1,223       $ 11,213     $ 13,168     $ 21,700     $ 23,845                                     Intersegment revenues                                 Hardware   $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -   Software     1,386       820       2,582       1,494       $ 1,386     $ 820     $ 2,582     $ 1,494                                     Segment operating loss                                 Hardware   $ 387     $ 2,537     $ 359     $ 3,709   Software     ( 3,797 )     ( 3,064 )     ( 7,257 )     ( 5,845 )     $ ( 3,410 )   $ ( 527 )   $ ( 6,898 )   $ ( 2,136 )                                   Other expenses:                                 Depreciation and amortization expense                                 Hardware   $ 100     $ 96     $ 199     $ 190   Software     539       547       1,083       1,092       $ 639     $ 643     $ 1,282     $ 1,282                                     Income tax expense (benefit)                                 Hardware   $ 8     $ 726     $ 8     $ 1,066   Software     -       (771 )     -       ( 1,402 )     $ 8     $ ( 45 )   $ 8     $ ( 336 )         March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   Long-lived assets                 Hardware   $ 1,564     $ 1,677   Software     9,623       10,585       $ 11,187     $ 12,262                     Total assets                 Hardware   $ 38,848     $ 47,237   Software     22,854       24,617       $ 61,702     $ 71,854         19. MAJOR CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS AND RELATED INFORMATION   For the three months ended March 31, 2023, revenues from two customers accounted for 54 % and 12 % of total revenues with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues. For the six months ended March 31, 2023, revenues from one customer accounted for 57 % of total revenues with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues. As of March 31, 2023, accounts receivable from two customers accounted for 26 % and 23 % of total accounts receivable, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance.   For the three months ended March 31, 2022 revenues from two customers accounted for 63 % and 13 % of total revenues with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues. For the six months ended March 31, 2022, revenues from one customer accounted for 65 % of total revenues with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of revenues. As of March 31, 2022, accounts receivable from two customers accounted for 56 % and 17 % of total accounts receivable, with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance.   23 Genasys Inc. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except per share and share amounts) (Unaudited)     Revenue from customers in the United States was $ 8,411 and $ 9,531 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue from customers in the United States was $ 17,349 and $ 18,769 for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenues are attributed to countries based on customers’ delivery location. The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region.       Three months ended March 31,     Six months ended March 31,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Americas   $ 10,019     $ 10,095     $ 19,182     $ 19,531   Asia Pacific     545       2,147       1,304       2,455   Europe, Middle East and Africa     649       926       1,214       1,859   Total Revenues   $ 11,213     $ 13,168     $ 21,700     $ 23,845       The following table summarizes long-lived assets by geographic region.       March 31,     September 30,       2023     2022   United States   $ 10,724     $ 11,800   Americas (excluding the United States)     12       16   Europe, Middle East and Africa     451       446   Total long lived assets   $ 11,187     $ 12,262       24       Item  2. Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   The discussion and analysis set forth below should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, together with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022.   Forward Looking Statements   This report contains certain statements of a forward-looking nature relating to future events or future performance. Words such as “ expects, ” “ anticipates, ” “ intends, ” “ plans, ” “ believes, ” “ seeks, ” “ estimates ” and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the only means of identifying forward-looking statements. Prospective investors are cautioned that such statements are only predictions and actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating such statements, prospective investors should specifically consider various factors identified in this report and any matters set forth under Part I, Item   1A (Risk Factors) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements.   For purposes of this Quarterly Report, the terms “ we, ” “ us, ” “ our ” “ Genasys ” and the “ Company ” refer to Genasys Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.   Overview   Genasys is a global provider of critical communications software solutions and hardware systems designed to alert, inform, and protect communities and organizations. The Genasys Protect™ unified platform collects information on developing and active emergency situations from a wide variety of sensors and inputs and empowers governments, businesses, and organizations to deliver real-time, geo-targeted notifications and information to people in harm’s way before, during, and after public safety and enterprise threats.   The Genasys Protect unified platform includes:   Software   GEM Genasys Emergency Management (“GEM”) is Genasys’ software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) product platform that includes GEM Public Safety, GEM Enterprise, Zonehaven and NEWS.   GEM Public Safety is an interactive, cloud-based SaaS solution that enables State, Local and Education (“SLED”) customers to send critical information to at-risk individuals or groups when an emergency occurs. GEM acts as both a communications input and output, receiving information from state-of-the-art sensors and emergency services, and quickly relaying notifications, alerts, and instructions to at-risk populations and first responders. GEM customers can create and send critical, verified, and secure notifications and messages using emails, voice calls, text messages, panic buttons, desktop alerts, television, social media, and more. Additionally, Genasys is a certified provider of Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (“IPAWS”) notifications.   GEM Enterprise empowers businesses and organizations to send critical communications to at-risk employees, contractors, visitors, or groups based on geographic location or team status. Operated and controlled via a single dashboard that includes two-way polling, duress buttons, field check-ins, and recipient locations, GEM Enterprise integrates with data sources, including active directories, human resources, visitor management, and building control systems to find and deliver safety alerts and notifications to employees, staff, contractors, temporary workers, and visitors.   Zonehaven is a multipronged SaaS application that serves both first responders and the jurisdictions they protect. Emergency services agencies can prepare for natural or man-made disasters by developing evacuation plans that map routes, shelters, traffic control locations, and road closures using Zonehaven's extensive public safety resources and mapped zones. This information is easily shared with the public and reduces the time it takes to execute emergency evacuations and conduct orderly repopulations.   NEWS – Genasys' National Emergency Warning System (“NEWS”) provides multichannel public safety notifications and instructions to designated areas, groups, or agencies when a crisis occurs. Genasys partners with mobile telecom networks to deliver NEWS SMS and cell broadcast alerts and notifications that can be sent to anyone, anywhere, with no recipient opt-in, registration, or download required. NEWS can locate recipients and deliver messages in near real time, compared with other SMS alert providers that can take up to 15 minutes. Even with NEWS’ reach and scope, all data is anonymized, ensuring individuals stay safe and informed without sacrificing their privacy.   25     Hardware   IMNS – Genasys' Integrated Mass Notification System (“IMNS”) product line unites Genasys next generation mass notification speaker systems with GEM command-and-control software. Genasys' advanced mass notification systems feature the industry's highest Speech Transmission Index (“STI”), large directional and omni-directional broadcast coverage areas, and an array of options that enable continued operation when power and telecommunications infrastructure fail. Emergency alerts and information can be sent via individual, grouped or networked IMNS installations, text messages, emails, IPAWS, desktop alerts, television, voice calls, and social media. IMNS' layered redundancy helps to ensure the maximum number of people receive critical communications.   LRAD is the world’s leading Acoustic Hailing Device (“AHD”). Projecting alert tones and audible voice messages with exceptional vocal clarity in a 30° beam from close range to 5,500 meters. LRADs are used throughout the world in multiple applications and circumstances to safely hail, warn, inform, direct, prevent misunderstandings, determine intent, establish large safety zones, resolve uncertain situations, and save lives. LRAD voice and alert tone broadcasts cut through background noise and are clearly heard and understood over distance.   LRAD is the de facto standard of the global AHD market with more than 100 countries using our long-range communication systems in a range of diverse applications that include public safety, emergency warning, mass notification, defense, law enforcement, border and homeland security, critical infrastructure protection, wildlife preservation, and many more.   We continue to develop new critical communications innovations and believe we have established significant competitive advantages in our principal markets.    Recent Developments   Business developments in the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023:     • Awarded multi-year GEM Enterprise contract to provide critical notifications for Aramco     • Expanded Genasys Protect coverage in San Diego County with new Zonehaven contract     • Helped to protect millions of California residents during multiple atmospheric river events     • Announced new and follow-on IMNS orders from the University of California, Berkeley, the City of Laguna Beach, and the Southern Marin Fire Protection District     • Secured GEM and Zonehaven software services contract from three contiguous Utah counties     • Received LRAD systems order from international mining operations for bird and wildlife preservation   Revenues for the Company’s second quarter of fiscal 2023 were $11.2 million, a $2.0 million decrease from $13.2 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2022. Quarterly software revenue of $853 thousand, increased $180 thousand, year over year, offset by a decrease of $2.1 million in hardware revenue ($10.4 million), in the March ended quarter. The timing of budget cycles, government financial issues and military conflict in certain areas of the world, often delay hardware contract awards, resulting in uneven quarterly revenue. Gross profit decreased compared to the same quarter in the prior year, primarily as a result of higher component costs for LRADs delivered against legacy contracts and pricing. Operating expenses in the quarter ended March 31, 2023, increased 8.2% to $8.3 million, compared with $7.7 million in the same period in the prior year. The primary driver of the change is personnel hired in conjunction with our stated investment in building our software business. The Company had 201 employees as of March 31, 2023, as compared with 180 in the prior year period. We reported a net loss of $3.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2023, or $(0.09) per share, compared with a net loss of $492 thousand, or $(0.01) per share, for the same quarter in the prior year.   Business Outlook   Our products, systems, and solutions continue to gain worldwide awareness and recognition through our sales and marketing efforts, media exposure, product demonstrations, and word of mouth as a result of positive responses and increased acceptance. We believe we have a solid global brand, technology, and product foundation, which we continue to expand to serve new markets and customers for greater business growth. We believe we have strong market opportunities for our product offerings throughout the world in the defense, emergency warning, mass notification, critical event management, and law enforcement sectors as a result of increasing public safety, enterprise, government and organizational threats. Our products, systems, and solutions also have many applications within the fire rescue, maritime, asset protection, and wildlife preservation business segments.   26     Genasys has developed a global market and increased demand for LRADs and advanced mass notification speakers. We have a reputation for producing quality products that feature industry-leading broadcast area coverage, vocal intelligibility, and product reliability. We intend to continue building on our AHD market leadership position by offering enhanced voice broadcast systems and accessories for an expanding range of applications. In executing our strategy, we use direct sales to governments, militaries, large end-users, system integrators, and prime vendors. We have built a worldwide distribution channel consisting of partners and resellers that have significant expertise and experience selling integrated communication solutions into our various target markets. As our primary AHD sales opportunities are with domestic and international governments, military branches, and law enforcement agencies, we are subject to each customer’s unique budget cycle, which leads to long selling cycles and uneven revenue flow, complicating our product and financial planning.   The proliferation of natural and man-made disasters, emergency events, and civil unrest require technologically advanced, multi-channel solutions to deliver clear and timely critical communications to help keep people safe during crisis situations. Businesses are also incorporating critical communication and emergency management systems that locate and help safeguard employees when crises occur.   By providing the only SaaS platform that unifies sensors and inputs with multichannel, multiagency alerting and notifications, Genasys seeks to deliver reliable, fast, and intuitive solutions for creating and disseminating geolocation-targeted warnings, information, and instructions before, during, and after public safety and enterprise threats.   While the software and hardware mass notification markets are more mature with many established suppliers, we believe that our advanced technology and unified platform provides opportunities to succeed in the large and growing public safety, emergency warning, and critical communications markets.   In the second half of fiscal 2023, we intend to continue pursuing domestic and international business opportunities with the support of business development consultants, key representatives, and resellers. We plan to grow our revenues through increased direct sales to governments and agencies that desire to integrate our communication technologies into their homeland security and public safety systems. This includes building on fiscal 2022 domestic defense sales by pursuing further U.S. military opportunities. We also plan to pursue emergency warning, enterprise critical event management, government, law enforcement, fire rescue, homeland and international security, private and commercial security, border security, maritime security, and wildlife dispersion and preservation business opportunities. In addition to the matters above, we are authorized for the performance of services and provision of goods pursuant to Delaware General Corporation Law.   Our research and development strategy involves incorporating further innovations and capabilities into our Genasys Protect platform, systems, and solutions to meet the needs of our target markets.   Our GEM, Zonehaven, and NEWS software solutions are complex offerings that we intend to message more succinctly with improved and expanded marketing. We are pursuing certain certifications, which are often required when bidding on government and mass notification opportunities. We continue to invest engineering resources to enhance our Genasys Protect software solutions to compete for larger emergency warning and critical communications business opportunities. We are also configuring alternative solutions to achieve lower price points to meet the needs of certain customers or applications. We also engage in ongoing value engineering to reduce the cost and simplify the manufacturing of our products.   A large number of components and sub-assemblies manufactured by outside suppliers within our supply chain are produced within 50 miles of our facility. We do not source component parts from suppliers in China. It is likely that some of our suppliers source parts or raw materials in China. The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact worldwide supply chains and the ability to obtain sufficient amounts of component parts, including semiconductor chips and integrated circuits, resins, coating and other equipment and components. Negative impacts on our supply chain could have material effects on our business. We communicate with our suppliers regarding measures to mitigate ongoing worldwide supply chain issues.   We have been affected by price increases from our suppliers and logistics as well as other inflationary factors such as increased salary, labor, and overhead costs. We regularly review and adjust the sales price of our finished goods to offset these inflationary factors. Sustained or increased inflation in the future may affect our ability to achieve certain expectations in gross margin and operating expenses. If we are unable to offset the negative impacts of inflation with increased prices, our future results could be materially affected.   Critical Accounting Policies   We have identified a number of accounting policies as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. These are described in our consolidated financial statements located in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed below and throughout Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations when such policies affect our reported and expected financial results.   27     The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The estimates affect the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.   Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands)       Three Months Ended                       March 31, 2023     March 31, 2022                               % of             % of                               Total             Total     Fav(Unfav)       Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue     Amount     %   Revenues:                                                 Product revenue   $ 9,940       88.6 %   $ 11,854       90.0 %   $ (1,914 )     (16.1% ) Contract and other     1,273       11.4 %     1,314       10.0 %     (41 )     (3.1% ) Total revenues     11,213       100.0 %     13,168       100.0 %     (1,955 )     (14.8% )                                                   Cost of revenues     6,288       56.1 %     5,991       45.5 %     (297 )     (5.0% ) Gross Profit     4,925       43.9 %     7,177       54.5 %     (2,252 )     (31.4% )                                                   Operating expenses                                                 Selling, general and administrative     6,054       54.0 %     5,811       44.1 %     (243 )     (4.2% ) Research and development     2,281       20.3 %     1,893       14.4 %     (388 )     (20.5% ) Total operating expenses     8,335       74.3 %     7,704       58.5 %     (631 )     (8.2% )                                                   Loss from operations     (3,410 )     (30.4% )     (527 )     (4.0% )     (2,883 )     547.1 %                                                   Other income (expense), net     15       0.1 %     (10 )     (0.1% )     25       (250.0% )                                                   Loss before income taxes     (3,395 )     (30.3% )     (537 )     (4.1% )     (2,858 )     532.2 % Income tax expense (benefit)     8       0.1 %     (45 )     (0.3% )     (53 )     117.8 % Net loss   $ (3,403 )     (30.3% )   $ (492 )     (3.7% )   $ (2,911 )     591.7 %                                                   Net revenue                                                 Hardware   $ 10,360       92.4 %   $ 12,495       94.9 %     (2,135 )     (17.1% ) Software     853       7.6 %     673       5.1 %     180       26.7 % Total net revenue   $ 11,213       100.0 %   $ 13,168       100.0 %   $ (1,955 )     (14.8% )   The table above sets forth for the periods indicated, certain items of our condensed consolidated statements of operations expressed in dollars and as a percentage of net revenues. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this report.   Revenues   Revenues were $1,955 lower compared with the same quarter in the prior year. Hardware revenue decreased $2,135, partially offset by a $180 increase in software revenue, compared with the prior fiscal year quarter. Lower revenue in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 was largely due to the lower backlog at the start of this fiscal year compared with the prior fiscal year backlog. The higher software revenue was primarily due to 34% increase in recurring revenue. The receipt of orders is often uneven due to the timing of budget cycles, government financial issues and military conflict. As of March 31, 2023, we had aggregate deferred revenue of $1,811 for extended warranty obligations and software support agreements.   Gross Profit The decrease in gross profit compared with the same period in the prior year was due to higher component costs and lower revenue in this year’s quarter. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was lower compared with the prior year period (which included a favorable product mix) primarily due to higher costs of components, in line with inflation, in this year’s quarter.   As our products have varying gross margins, product mix may affect gross profits. In addition, our margins vary based on the sales channels through which our products are sold in a given period. We continue to implement product updates and changes, including raw material and component changes, that may impact product costs. We have limited warranty cost experience with product updates and changes and estimated future warranty costs can impact our gross margins. We do not believe that historical gross profit margins should be relied upon as an indicator of future gross profit margins.   28     Selling, General and Administrative Expenses   Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $243 over the prior year quarter. The increase was largely due to $407 of increased compensation expense and $218 from higher professional services in the current year period, partially offset by a $419 decrease in commission expense.   We incurred non-cash share-based compensation expenses allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $447 and $686, respectively.   We may expend additional resources on the marketing and selling of our products in future periods as we identify ways to optimize potential opportunities. Commission expenses will fluctuate based on the nature of our sales.   Research and Development Expenses   Research and development expenses increased $388 in this fiscal quarter as the number of engineers increased 5% over the same quarter of last fiscal year as we continue to increase the features and functionality of our software offerings.   Included in research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was $33 and $23, respectively, of non-cash share-based compensation costs.   Research and development costs vary period to period due to the timing of projects, and the timing and extent of using outside consulting, design, and development firms. We seek to continually improve our product offerings, and we expect to continue to expand our product line with new products, customizations, and enhancements. Based on current plans, we may expend additional resources on research and development in the current year compared to the prior year.   Net Loss   Net loss in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 was $3,403, compared with a net loss of $492 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. The increase in net loss was primarily attributable to the increased cost of sales due to higher component costs, plus higher operating expenses, which resulted from hiring additional engineering, sales, and marketing employees.   Comparison of Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands)       March 31, 2023     March 31, 2022                               % of             % of                               Total             Total     Fav(Unfav)       Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue     Amount     %   Revenues:                                                 Product revenue   $ 19,058       87.8 %   $ 21,424       89.8 %   $ (2,366 )     (11.0 %) Contract and other     2,642       12.2 %     2,421       10.2 %     221       9.1 % Total revenues     21,700       100.0 %     23,845       100.0 %     (2,145 )     (9.0 %)                                                   Cost of revenues     11,943       55.0 %     11,365       47.7 %     (578 )     (5.1 %) Gross Profit     9,757       45.0 %     12,480       52.3 %     (2,723 )     (21.8 %)                                                   Operating expenses                                                 Selling, general and administrative     12,439       57.3 %     11,009       46.2 %     (1,430 )     (13.0 %) Research and development     4,216       19.4 %     3,607       15.1 %     (609 )     (16.9 %) Total operating expenses     16,655       76.8 %     14,616       61.3 %     (2,039 )     (14.0 %)                                                   Loss from operations     (6,898 )     (31.8 %)     (2,136 )     (9.0 %)     (4,762 )     222.9 %                                                   Other income (expense), net     (4 )     (0.0 %)     3       0.0 %     (7 )     (233.3 %)                                                   Loss before income taxes     (6,902 )     (31.8 %)     (2,133 )     (8.9 %)     (4,769 )     223.6 % Income tax expense (benefit)     8       0.0 %     (336 )     (1.4 %)     (344 )     102.4 % Net loss   $ (6,910 )     (31.8 %)   $ (1,797 )     (7.5 %)   $ (5,113 )     284.5 %                                                   Net revenue                                                 Hardware   $ 19,945       91.9 %   $ 22,622       94.9 %     (2,677 )     (11.8 %) Software     1,755       8.1 %     1,223       5.1 %     532       43.5 % Total net revenue   $ 21,700       100.0 %   $ 23,845       100.0 %   $ (2,145 )     (9.0 %)   The table above sets forth for the periods indicated, certain items of our condensed consolidated statements of operations expressed in dollars and as a percentage of net revenues. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this report.   29     Revenues Revenues decreased $2,145 for the six months ended March 31, 2023, compared with the same prior year period, primarily due to the lower backlog as of September 30, 2022, compared with September 30, 2021. Hardware revenue decreased $2,677, partially offset by the $532 increase in software revenue. The receipt of orders will often be uneven due to the timing of approvals or budgets. As of March 31, 2023, we had aggregate deferred revenue of $1,811 for extended warranty obligations and software support agreements.   Gross Profit The decrease in gross profit in the six months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to the higher cost of components and lower sales volume this year compared to the prior year period and a better product mix in the prior year.   Our products have varying gross margins, so product mix may affect gross profits. In addition, our margins vary based on the sales channels through which our products are sold in a given period. We continue to implement product updates and changes, including raw material and component changes that may impact product costs. With such product updates and changes we have limited warranty cost experience and estimated future warranty costs can impact our gross margins. We do not believe that historical gross profit margins should be relied upon as an indicator of future gross profit margins.   Selling, General and Administrative Expenses   Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1,430 in the six months ended March 31, 2023, compared with the prior year period. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was largely due to an $852 increase in compensation related costs, $579 increase in professional services expenses, and a $309 increase in sales, marketing, and travel expenses, partially offset by a $303 decrease in commission expense compared to the prior year to date period.   We incurred non-cash share-based compensation expenses allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses in the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $820 and $1,217, respectively.   We may expend additional resources on the marketing and selling of our products in future periods as we identify ways to optimize potential opportunities. Commission expenses will fluctuate based on the nature of our sales.   Research and Development Expenses   Research and development expenses increased $609, primarily due to increased compensation-related costs associated with a 5% increase in headcount compared with the prior year period.   We incurred non-cash share-based compensation expenses allocated to research and development in the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $52 and $35, respectively.   Research and development costs vary period to period due to the timing of projects, amount of support provided on customer projects, and the timing and use of outside consulting, design, and development firms. We continually improve our product offerings, and we expect to continue to expand our product line with new products, customizations, and enhancements. Based on current plans, we may expend additional resources on research and development in the current year compared to the prior year.   Net Loss   Net loss for the first six months of fiscal 2023 was $6,910, compared with the prior year period net loss of $1,797. The increase in net loss was primarily attributable to the increased cost of sales due to higher component costs and higher operating expenses, which resulted from hiring additional software engineering, sales, and marketing employees.   Other Metrics   We monitor a number of financial and operating metrics, including adjusted EBITDA, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions. Our business metrics may be calculated in a manner different than similar other business metrics used by other companies.   30     Adjusted EBITDA   Adjusted EBITDA represents our net income before other income, net income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization expense, and stock-based compensation. We do not consider these items to be indicative of our core operating performance. The items that are non-cash include depreciation and amortization expense and stock-based compensation. Adjusted EBITDA is a measure used by management to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, and to generate future operating plans, make strategic decisions regarding allocation of capital, and invest in initiatives focused on cultivating new markets for our solutions. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons of our operating performance on a period-to-period basis. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). We believe that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Nevertheless, use of adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (1) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the intangible assets that are amortized and property and equipment that is depreciated, will need to be replaced in the future, and adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacement or for new capital expenditure requirements; (2) adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (3) adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of equity-based compensation; (4) adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax payments or receipts that may represent a reduction or increase in cash available to us; and (5) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces the usefulness of the metric as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider adjusted EBITDA alongside our other U.S. GAAP-based financial performance measures, net income and our other U.S. GAAP financial results.   The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):       Three months ended     Six months ended       March 31,     March 31,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Net loss   $ (3,403 )   $ (492 )     (6,910 )     (1,797 ) Other income (expense), net     (15 )     10       4       (3 ) Income tax expense (benefit)     8       (45 )     8       (336 ) Depreciation and amortization     639       643       1,282       1,282   Stock-based compensation     513       737       933       1,295   Adjusted EBITDA   $ (2,258 )   $ 853     $ (4,683 )   $ 441       Segment Results   Segment results include net sales and operating income by segment. Corporate expense including various administrative expenses and costs of a publicly traded company are included in the Hardware segment as per historical financial reporting.     Comparison of Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands)       Software     Hardware       Three months ended March 31,                     Three months ended March 31,                                       Fav (Unfav)                     Fav (Unfav)       2023     2022        $        %     2023     2022        $        %   Revenue   $ 853     $ 673     $ 180       26.7 %   $ 10,360     $ 12,495     $ (2,135 )     (17.1% ) Operating (loss) Income     (3,797 )     (3,064 )     (733 )     23.9 %     387       2,537       (2,150 )     (84.7% )                                                                   Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP                                                                 Depreciation and amortization     539       547       (8 )     (1.5% )     100       96       4       4.2 % Stock-based compensation     122       67       55       82.1 %     391       670       (279 )     (41.6% ) Adjusted EBITDA   $ (3,136 )   $ (2,450 )   $ (686 )     28.0 %   $ 878     $ 3,303     $ (2,425 )     (73.4% )   Software Segment   Software segment revenue increased 27% over the prior fiscal year quarter. This primarily reflects a 34% increase in recurring revenue, partially offset by a 12% decrease in professional services, compared with the prior fiscal year period.   Operating loss increased $733 in the second fiscal quarter due to increases in payroll and related costs from increased hiring to support software development and sales and higher commission expense from the increased revenues.   Hardware Segment   Hardware segment revenue decreased $2,135 compared with the prior fiscal year period. The decrease was largely due to the lower backlog at the start of this fiscal year compared with the prior fiscal year beginning backlog.   31     Operating income decreased $2,150 in the fiscal 2023 second quarter compared with the same quarter in the prior year due to lower revenue and gross profit resulting from higher cost of components, and higher professional services expense, compensation expense, and sales and marketing expenses, partially offset by lower commission expense.   Comparison of Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands)       Software     Hardware       Six months ended                     Six months ended                       March 31,     Fav (Unfav)     March 31,     Fav (Unfav)       2023     2022       $        %      2023     2022       $        %    Revenue   $ 1,755     $ 1,223     $ 532       43.5 %   $ 19,945     $ 22,622     $ (2,677 )     (11.8% ) Operating (loss) Income     (7,257 )     (5,845 )     (1,412 )     24.2 %     359       3,709       (3,350 )     (90.3% )                                                                   Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP                                                                 Depreciation and amortization     1,083       1,092       (9 )     (0.8% )     199       190       9       4.7 % Stock-based compensation     222       125       97       77.6 %     711       1,170       (459 )     (39.2% ) Adjusted EBITDA   $ (5,952 )   $ (4,628 )   $ (1,324 )     28.6 %   $ 1,269     $ 5,069     $ (3,800 )     (75.0% )   Software Segment   Software segment revenue increased 44% over the prior fiscal year. This primarily reflects a 43% increase in recurring revenue compared with the first six months of fiscal 2022.   Operating loss increased $1,412 compared to the prior fiscal year period due to increases in payroll and related costs from increased hiring to support software development and sales, higher professional services expense, and higher commission expense from the increased revenues.   32     Hardware Segment   Hardware segment revenue decreased $2,677 compared with the prior year period. The decrease was largely due to the lower backlog at the start of this fiscal year compared with the prior fiscal year beginning backlog.   Operating income decreased $3,350 compared with the prior fiscal year due to lower revenue and lower gross profit from higher cost of components, higher sales and marketing expenses, and professional services expense, partially offset by lower commission expense.   Liquidity and Capital Resources   Cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023, was $6,371, compared with $12,736 as of September 30, 2022. We had short-term marketable securities of $5,552 as of March 31, 2023, compared with $6,397 as of September 30, 2022. We had long-term marketable securities of $601 as of March 31, 2023, compared with $781 as of September 30, 2022. Other than cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term marketable securities, other working capital, and expected future cash flows from operating activities in subsequent periods, we have no unused sources of liquidity at this time.   We continue to manage all aspects of our business including, but not limited to, monitoring the financial health of our customers, suppliers and other third-party relationships, and developing new opportunities for growth.   Principal factors that could affect our liquidity include:     • ability to meet sales projections;   • government spending levels;   • introduction of competing technologies;   • product mix and effect on margins;   • ability to reduce current inventory levels;   • product acceptance in new markets;   • value of shares repurchased;   • value of dividends declared;   • supply chain disruptions;   • inflation;   • conflict between Russia and Ukraine;   • impact of COVID-19 on global market conditions; and   • impact of COVID-19 on customers’ ability to pay.   33     Principal factors that could affect our ability to obtain cash from external sources include:     • volatility in the capital markets; and   • market price and trading volume of our common stock.   Based on our current cash position, and assuming currently planned expenditures and level of operations, we believe we have sufficient capital to fund operations for the twelve-month period subsequent to the issuance of the interim financial information. However, we operate in a rapidly evolving and unpredictable business environment that may change the timing or amount of expected future cash receipts and expenditures. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we may not be required to raise additional funds through the sale of equity or debt securities or from credit facilities. Additional capital, if needed, may not be available on satisfactory terms, or at all.   Cash Flows   Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, are summarized in the table below:       Six months ended       March 31, 2023     March 31, 2022   Cash provided by (used in):                 Operating activities   $ (7,466 )   $ (3,107 ) Investing activities     918       (146 ) Financing activities     41       (915 )   Operating Activities   Net loss of $6,910 for the six months ended March 31, 2023 was decreased by $2,774 of non-cash items that included share-based compensation, warranty provision, depreciation and amortization, amortization of operating lease ROU assets, accretion of acquisition holdback liability, and inventory obsolescence. Cash used by operating activities in the current year reflected an increase in inventory of $3,469, and a decrease in accrued and other liabilities of $6,004, comprised of a decrease in the balances of customer deposits received, payment of the Canadian GST/HST and payment of incentive compensation earned in fiscal year 2022. This was offset by a $3,158 decrease in accounts receivable, a $1,840 decrease in prepaid expenses, and a $1,145 increase in accounts payable.   Net loss of $1,797 for the six months ended March 31, 2022 was decreased by $2,715 of non-cash items that included share-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, amortization of operating lease ROU assets, an increase to deferred income taxes, warranty provision, and inventory obsolescence. Cash used by operating activities in the first six months of fiscal 2022, reflected an increase in inventory of $3,291, and a decrease in accrued and other liabilities and other of $4,412 reflecting a decrease in the balances of customer deposits received, and payment of incentive compensation earned in fiscal year 2021. This was offset by a $2,123 decrease in accounts receivable on lower revenue in the period compared with the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021, a $750 decrease in prepaid expenses and a $805 increase in accounts payable.   We had accounts receivable of $3,623 as of March 31, 2023, compared with $6,744 as of September 30, 2022. Terms with individual customers vary greatly. We regularly provide thirty-day terms to our customers if credit is approved. Our receivables can vary dramatically due to overall sales volume, quarterly variations in sales, timing of shipments to and receipts from large customers, payment terms, and the timing of contract payments.   As of March 31, 2023, and September 30, 2022, our working capital was $15,347 and $20,197, respectively. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to the net loss this period and decrease in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses.   Investing Activities   Our net cash provided by investing activities was $918 for the six months ended March 31, 2023, compared with net cash used in investing activities of $146 for the six months ended March 31, 2022. In the first six months of fiscal 2023, our holdings in short and long-term marketable securities decreased by $1,075, compared with a decrease of $25 for the six months ended March 31, 2022.  Cash used in investing activities for the purchase of property and equipment was $157 and $171 for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We anticipate additional expenditures for tooling and equipment during the balance of fiscal year 2023.   Financing Activities   In the six months ended March 31, 2023, we received $41 for financing activities, compared with $915 used in financing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2022. In the first six months of fiscal 2023, we received $86 from the exercise of stock options and used $45 to settle statutory tax withholding requirements upon vesting of restricted stock units. In the first six months of fiscal 2022 we received $170 from the exercise of stock options and used $998 to repurchase shares of our common stock and $70 to settle statutory tax withholding requirements upon vesting of restricted stock units.   34     In December 2018, the Board of Directors approved a new share buyback program beginning January 1, 2019, and expiring on December 31, 2020, under which the Company was authorized to repurchase up to $5 million of its outstanding common shares. In December 2020, the Board of Directors extended the buyback program until December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the Board of Directors extended the Company’s share buyback program through December 31, 2024.   There were no shares repurchased during the six months ended March 31, 2023. During the six months ended March 31, 2022, 259,310 shares were purchased for $998. All repurchased shares have been retired and as of March 31, 2023, and $3.0 million was available for share repurchase under this program.   Recent Accounting Pronouncements   New pronouncements issued for future implementation are discussed in Note 3, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, to our condensed consolidated financial statements.   Item  3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.   Foreign Currency Risk   We consider our direct exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations to be minimal. The transactions of our Spanish subsidiary are denominated primarily in Euros and the transactions of our Canadian subsidiary are denominated primarily in Canadian dollars, which is a natural hedge against foreign currency fluctuations. All other sales to customers and all arrangements with third-party manufacturers, with one exception, provide for pricing and payment in U.S. dollars, and, therefore, are not subject to exchange rate fluctuations. Increases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies could make our products more expensive, which could negatively impact our ability to compete. Conversely, decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies could result in our suppliers raising their prices to continue doing business with us. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates could affect our business in the future.   Item  4. Controls and Procedures.   We are required to maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that material information related to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms.   Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures   Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as such term is defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2023.   Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting   There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Our process for evaluating controls and procedures is continuous and encompasses constant improvement of the design and effectiveness of established controls and procedures and the remediation of any deficiencies which may be identified during this process.   Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.   PART II. OTHER INFORMATION   Item 1. Legal Proceedings.   We may at times be involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business. We will also, from time to time, when appropriate in management’s estimation, record adequate reserves in our consolidated financial statements for pending litigation. Currently, there are no pending material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or to which any of its property is subject.   Item 1A. Risk Factors.   There have been no material changes to the risk factors described under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, filed with the SEC on December 16, 2022.   Item  2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.   None.   Item  3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.   None.   Item  4. Mine Safety Disclosures.   Not Applicable.   Item  5. Other Information.   None.   35     Item  6. Exhibits.   31.1 Certification of Richard S. Danforth, Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*     31.2 Certification of Dennis D. Klahn, Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*     32.1 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Richard S. Danforth, Principal Executive Officer and Dennis D. Klahn, Principal Financial Officer.*     101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document*     101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*     101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*     101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*     101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*     101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*     104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)   *     Filed concurrently herewith.   36     SIGNATURES   Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.         GENASYS INC.       Date: May 8, 2023 By:  /s/    Dennis D. Klahn     Dennis D. Klahn,   Chief   Financial   Officer     (Principal Financial Officer)   37