VAALCO ENERGY INC /DE/ 10-Q

egy20230930_10q.htm   Table of Contents   UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549     FORM 10-Q   (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934   For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023   or   ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934   For the transition period from   _______   to   _______   Commission File Number 1-32167     VAALCO   Energy,   Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)     Delaware 76-0274813 (State   or   other   jurisdiction   of incorporation   or   organization) (I.R.S.   Employer Identification   No.)     9800   Richmond   Avenue Suite 700 Houston , Texas 77042 (Address   of   principal   executive   offices) (Zip code)   ( 713 ) 623-0801 (Registrant ’ s telephone number, including area code)     Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:   Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock EGY New York Stock Exchange Common Stock EGY London Stock Exchange     Table of Contents   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   ☒    No   ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes   ☒    No  ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.   Large accelerated filer ☐   Accelerated filer ☒ Non‑accelerated filer ☐   Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☐ ☐   If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.         ☐   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).        Yes   ☐     No   ☒   As of November 3 , 2023, there were outstanding 105,158,757  shares of common stock, $0.10 par value per share, of the registrant.      Table of Contents          VAALCO ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES   Table of Contents   PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION   ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)   Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 2 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 3 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 4 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 5 Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) 7 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 22 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 37 ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 38 PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 39 ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 39 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 39 ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 39 ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION 47 ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 41   1 Table of Contents      PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS VAALCO ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)     As of September 30, 2023     As of December 31, 2022       (in thousands)   ASSETS                 Current assets:                 Cash and cash equivalents   $ 103,353     $ 37,205   Restricted cash     111       222   Receivables:                 Trade, net     22,788       52,147   Accounts with joint venture owners, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 0.6 and $ 0.3 million, respectively     1,635       15,830   Foreign income taxes receivable     —       2,769   Other, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 3.5 and $ 0.0 million, respectively     64,826       68,519   Crude oil inventory     9,287       3,335   Prepayments and other     16,115       20,070   Total current assets     218,115       200,097                     Crude oil and natural gas properties, equipment and other - successful efforts method, net     467,877       495,272   Other noncurrent assets:                 Restricted cash     1,787       1,763   Value added tax and other receivables, net of allowance of $ 9.9 million and $ 8.4 million, respectively     9,462       7,150   Right of use operating lease assets     3,510       2,777   Right of use finance lease assets     87,971       90,698   Deferred tax assets     31,222       35,432   Abandonment funding     6,268       20,586   Other long-term assets     1,616       1,866   Total assets   $ 827,828     $ 855,641   LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY                 Current liabilities:                 Accounts payable   $ 43,924     $ 59,886   Accounts with joint venture owners     1,151       —   Accrued liabilities and other     76,470       91,392   Operating lease liabilities - current portion     3,539       2,314   Finance lease liabilities - current portion     7,810       7,811   Foreign income taxes payable     33,256       —   Current liabilities - discontinued operations     673       687   Total current liabilities     166,823       162,090   Asset retirement obligations     45,201       41,695   Operating lease liabilities - net of current portion     82       686   Finance lease liabilities - net of current portion     77,862       78,248   Deferred tax liabilities     76,120       81,223   Other long-term liabilities     17,369       25,594   Total liabilities     383,457       389,536   Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)                     Shareholders’ equity:                 Preferred stock, $ 25 par value; 500,000 shares authorized, none issued     —       —   Common stock, $ 0.10 par value; 160,000,000 shares authorized, 121,341,251 and 119,482,680 shares issued, 105,714,499 and 107,852,857 shares outstanding, respectively     12,134       11,948   Additional paid-in capital     356,424       353,606   Accumulated other comprehensive income     844       1,179   Less treasury stock, 15,626,752 and 11,629,823 shares, respectively, at cost     ( 65,145 )     ( 47,652 ) Retained earnings     140,114       147,024   Total shareholders' equity     444,371       466,105   Total liabilities and shareholders' equity   $ 827,828     $ 855,641     See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.   2 Table of Contents      VAALCO ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)     Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022       (in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenues:                                 Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales   $ 116,269     $ 78,097     $ 305,912     $ 257,738   Operating costs and expenses:                                 Production expense     39,956       23,312       106,760       67,147   FPSO Demobilization     —       8,867       5,647       8,867   Exploration expense     1,194       56       1,259       250   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     32,538       8,963       94,958       21,827   General and administrative expense     6,216       1,979       16,835       10,507   Credit losses and other     822       1,020       2,437       2,083   Total operating costs and expenses     80,726       44,197       227,896       110,681   Other operating income (expense), net     5       —       ( 298 )     ( 5 ) Operating income     35,548       33,900       77,718       147,052   Other income (expense):                                 Derivative instruments gain (loss), net     ( 2,320 )     3,778       ( 2,268 )     ( 37,522 ) Interest expense, net     ( 1,426 )     ( 234 )     ( 5,375 )     ( 355 ) Other income (expense), net     183       ( 7,707 )     ( 1,494 )     ( 10,514 ) Total other expense, net     ( 3,563 )     ( 4,163 )     ( 9,137 )     ( 48,391 ) Income from continuing operations before income taxes     31,985       29,737       68,581       98,661   Income tax expense (benefit)     25,844       22,843       52,203       64,467   Income from continuing operations     6,141       6,894       16,378       34,194   Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     —       ( 26 )     ( 15 )     ( 58 ) Net income   $ 6,141     $ 6,868     $ 16,363     $ 34,136   Other comprehensive income (loss)                                 Currency translation adjustments     ( 2,216 )     —       ( 335 )     —   Comprehensive income   $ 3,925     $ 6,868     $ 16,028     $ 34,136                                     Basic net income per share:                                 Income from continuing operations   $ 0.06     $ 0.12     $ 0.15     $ 0.57   Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     —       —       —       —   Net income per share   $ 0.06     $ 0.12     $ 0.15     $ 0.57   Basic weighted average shares outstanding     106,289       59,068       106,876       58,900   Diluted net income per share:                                 Income from continuing operations   $ 0.06     $ 0.11     $ 0.15     $ 0.57   Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     —       —       —       —   Net income per share   $ 0.06     $ 0.11     $ 0.15     $ 0.57   Diluted weighted average shares outstanding     106,433       59,450       107,072       59,335     See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.   3 Table of Contents      VAALCO ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS ’ EQUITY (Unaudited)     Common Shares Issued     Treasury Shares     Common Stock     Additional Paid-In Capital     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss     Treasury Stock     Retained Earnings     Total       (in thousands)   Balance at January 1, 2023     119,483       ( 11,630 )   $ 11,948     $ 353,606     $ 1,179     $ ( 47,652 )   $ 147,024     $ 466,105   Shares issued - stock-based compensation     633       ( 187 )     64       210       —       —       —       274   Stock-based compensation expense     —       —       —       683       —       —       —       683   Common shares purchased     —       ( 981 )     —       —       —       ( 4,517 )     —       ( 4,517 ) Treasury stock     —       —       —       —       —       ( 860 )     —       ( 860 ) Dividend distributions     —       —       —       —       —       —       ( 6,735 )     ( 6,735 ) Cumulative effect of adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023     —       —       —       —       —       —       ( 3,120 )     ( 3,120 ) Other comprehensive loss     —       —       —       —       ( 125 )     —       —       ( 125 ) Net income     —       —       —       —       —       —       3,470       3,470   Balance at March 31, 2023     120,116       ( 12,798 )   $ 12,012     $ 354,499     $ 1,054     $ ( 53,029 )   $ 140,639     $ 455,175   Shares issued - stock-based compensation     1,090       ( 249 )     109       ( 1 )     —       —       —       108   Stock-based compensation expense     —       —       —       708       —       —       —       708   Common shares purchased     —       ( 1,161 )     —       —       —       ( 5,023 )     —       ( 5,023 ) Treasury stock     —       —       —       —       —       ( 1,003 )     —       ( 1,003 ) Dividend distributions     —       —       —       —       —       —       ( 6,717 )     ( 6,717 ) Other comprehensive loss     —       —       —       —       2,006       —       —       2,006   Net income     —       —       —       —       —       —       6,752       6,752   Balance at June 30, 2023     121,206       ( 14,208 )   $ 12,121     $ 355,206     $ 3,060     $ ( 59,055 )   $ 140,674     $ 452,006   Shares issued - stock-based compensation     135       ( 16 )     13       198       —       —       —       211   Stock-based compensation expense     —       —       —       1,020       —       —       —       1,020   Common Shares Purchased     —       ( 1,403 )     —       —       —       ( 6,026 )     —       ( 6,026 ) Treasury stock     —       —       —       —       —       ( 64 )     —       ( 64 ) Dividend Distributions     —       —       —       —       —       —       ( 6,701 )     ( 6,701 ) Other comprehensive income     —       —       —       —       ( 2,216 )     —       —       ( 2,216 ) Net income     —       —       —       —       —       —       6,141       6,141   Balance at September 30, 2023     121,341       ( 15,627 )   $ 12,134     $ 356,424     $ 844     $ ( 65,145 )   $ 140,114     $ 444,371         Common Shares Issued     Treasury Shares     Common Stock     Additional Paid-In Capital     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss     Treasury Stock     Retained Earnings     Total       (in thousands)   Balance at January 1, 2022     69,562       ( 10,939 )   $ 6,956     $ 76,700     $ —     $ ( 43,847 )   $ 104,488     $ 144,297   Shares issued - stock-based compensation     300       ( 64 )     30       168       —       —       —       198   Stock-based compensation expense     —       —       —       404       —       —       —       404   Treasury stock     —       —       —       —       —       ( 387 )     —       ( 387 ) Dividend Distributions     —       —       —       —               —       ( 1,929 )     ( 1,929 ) Net income     —       —       —       —       —       —       12,164       12,164   Balance at March 31, 2022     69,862       ( 11,003 )   $ 6,986     $ 77,272     $ —     $ ( 44,234 )   $ 114,723     $ 154,747   Shares issued - stock-based compensation     263       ( 54 )     27       31       —       —       —       58   Stock-based compensation expense     —       —       —       616       —       —       —       616   Treasury stock     —       —       —       —       —       ( 401 )     —       ( 401 ) Dividend Distribution                                                     ( 1,943 )     ( 1,943 ) Net income     —       —       —       —       —       —       15,104       15,104   Balance at June 30, 2022     70,125       ( 11,057 )   $ 7,013     $ 77,919     $ —     $ ( 44,635 )   $ 127,884     $ 168,181   Shares issued - stock-based compensation     —       —       —       —       —       —       —       —   Stock-based compensation expense     —       —       —       581       —       —       —       581   Treasury stock     —       —       —       —       —       —       —       —   Dividend Distribution     —       —       —       —       —       —       ( 1,944 )     ( 1,944 ) Net income     —       —       —       —       —       —       6,868       6,868   Balance at September 30, 2022     70,125       ( 11,057 )   $ 7,013     $ 78,500     $ —     $ ( 44,635 )   $ 132,808     $ 173,686     See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.   4 Table of Contents      VAALCO ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022       (in thousands)   CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:                 Net income   $ 16,363     $ 34,136   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:                 Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     15       58   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     94,958       21,827   Bargain purchase gain     1,412       —   Exploration Expense     1,194       —   Deferred taxes     ( 2,305 )     39,540   Unrealized foreign exchange loss     932       914   Stock-based compensation     2,332       2,300   Cash settlements paid on exercised stock appreciation rights     ( 282 )     ( 805 ) Derivative instruments (gain) loss, net     2,268       37,522   Cash settlements paid on matured derivative contracts, net     ( 62 )     ( 42,683 ) Cash settlements paid on asset retirement obligations     ( 4,796 )     —   Credit losses and other     2,437       2,083   Other operating loss, net     317       5   Operational expenses associated with equipment and other     2,560       953   Change in operating assets and liabilities:                 Trade receivables     29,364       5,683   Accounts with joint venture owners     15,090       ( 11,118 ) Other receivables     694       ( 2,904 ) Crude oil inventory     ( 5,952 )     ( 2,661 ) Prepayments and other     1,198       ( 1,120 ) Value added tax and other receivables     ( 3,719 )     ( 5,371 ) Other long-term assets     2,942       ( 2,842 ) Accounts payable     ( 10,083 )     4,129   Foreign income taxes receivable/payable     36,025       24,928   Accrued liabilities and other     ( 11,076 )     25,182   Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operating activities     171,826       129,756   Net cash used in discontinued operating activities     ( 15 )     ( 57 ) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     171,811       129,699   CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:                 Property and equipment expenditures     ( 77,365 )     ( 103,853 ) Net cash provided by (used in) continuing investing activities     ( 77,365 )     ( 103,853 ) Net cash used in discontinued investing activities     —       —   Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     ( 77,365 )     ( 103,853 ) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:                 Proceeds from the issuances of common stock     593       257   Dividend distribution     ( 20,153 )     ( 5,816 ) Treasury shares     ( 17,493 )     ( 788 ) Deferred financing costs     ( 83 )     ( 1,535 ) Payments of finance lease     ( 5,246 )     ( 193 ) Net cash provided by (used in) in continuing financing activities     ( 42,382 )     ( 8,075 ) Net cash used in discontinued financing activities     —       —   Net cash provided by (used in) in financing activities     ( 42,382 )     ( 8,075 ) Effects of exchange rate changes on cash     ( 321 )     —   NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH     51,743       17,771   CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD     59,776       72,314   CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD   $ 111,519     $ 90,085     See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.   5 Table of Contents   VAALCO ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES (Unaudited)       Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022       (in thousands)   Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:                 Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized   $ 6,622     $ 401   Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:                 Property and equipment additions incurred but not paid at end of period   $ 23,820     $ 39,105   Recognition of right-of-use operating lease assets and liabilities   $ 2,582     $ —   Recognition of right-of-use finance lease assets and liabilities   $ 3,273     $ 1,851   Asset retirement obligations   $ 2,487     $ —     See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.   6 Table of Contents    VAALCO ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   1.   ORGANIZATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES   VAALCO Energy, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries “we”, “us”, “our”, “VAALCO” or the “Company”) is a Houston, Texas-based independent energy company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids ("NGLs") properties. As operator, the Company has production operations and conducts exploration activities in Gabon and Canada and hold interests in two production sharing contracts (“PSCs”) in Egypt. The Company has opportunities to participate in development and exploration activities in Equatorial Guinea, West Africa. As discussed further in Note 3  below, VAALCO has discontinued operations associated with activities in Angola, West Africa and Yemen.   The Company’s consolidated subsidiaries are VAALCO Gabon (Etame), Inc., VAALCO Production (Gabon), Inc., VAALCO Gabon S.A., VAALCO Angola (Kwanza), Inc., VAALCO Energy (EG), Inc., VAALCO Energy Mauritius (EG) Limited, VAALCO Energy, Inc. (UK Branch), VAALCO Energy (USA), Inc., VAALCO Energy (International), LLC, VAALCO Energy (Holdings), LLC, TransGlobe Energy Corporation, TG Energy UK Ltd., TransGlobe Petroleum International Inc., TG Holdings Yemen Inc., TransGlobe West Bakr Inc., TransGlobe West Gharib Inc., TG Energy Marketing Inc., and TG NW Gharib Inc., TG S Ghazalat Inc.   These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (“Financial Statements”) reflect the opinion of management and all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of results for the interim periods presented. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless disclosed otherwise. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the full year.   These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and do not include all the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. They should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 -K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which includes a summary of the significant accounting policies.   Allowance for credit losses and other  – On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016 - 13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU 2016 - 13” ). ASU 2016 - 13 requires an entity to measure credit losses of certain financial assets, including trade receivables, utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to form credit loss estimates.    The Company estimates the current expected credit losses based primarily using either an aging analysis or discounted cash flow methodology that incorporates consideration of current and future conditions that could impact its counterparties’ credit quality and liquidity. Uncollectible receivables are written off when a settlement is reached for an amount that is less than the outstanding historical balance or when the Company has determined that the balance will not be collected.   The following table provides an analysis of the change of the aggregate credit loss allowance and other allowances.       Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022       (in thousands)   Allowance for credit losses and other                                 Balance at beginning of period   $ ( 13,519 )   $ ( 6,389 )   $ ( 8,704 )   $ ( 5,741 ) Credit loss charges and other, net of receipts     ( 822 )     ( 1,020 )     ( 2,437 )     ( 2,083 ) Cumulative effect of adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023     —       —       ( 3,120 )     —   Foreign currency gain (loss)     238       355       158       770   Balance at end of period   $ ( 14,103 )   $ ( 7,054 )   $ ( 14,103 )   $ ( 7,054 )   Prepayments and Other  – Included in “Prepayments and other” line item of the Company’s September 30, 2023  condensed consolidated balance sheet are $ 2.3  million of prepayments related to fixed assets, $ 4.3  million of prepayments related to royalties in Gabon, $ 1.0  million in Gabon and corporate prepaid insurance, $ 1.2 million in short-term employees loans and advances to Gabon employees, $ 4.0  million in Egyptian advances to contractors, and $ 3.3  million in other prepaid items.    7 Table of Contents   Fair value of financial instruments         As of September 30, 2023     Balance Sheet Line   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total         (in thousands)   Assets                                   Derivative asset Prepayments and other   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —         $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —   Liabilities                                   SARs liability Accrued liabilities and other   $ —     $ 239     $ —     $ 239   Derivative liability Accrued liabilities and other     —       2,162       —       2,162         $ —     $ 2,401     $ —     $ 2,401     `       As of December 31, 2022       Balance Sheet Line   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total           (in thousands)   Assets                                     Derivative asset   Prepayments and other   $ —     $ 102     $ —     $ 102         $ —     $ 102     $ —     $ 102   Liabilities                                     SARs liability   Accrued liabilities and other   $ —     $ 556     $ —     $ 556         $ —     $ 556     $ —     $ 556        2.   NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS   Adopted   The Company adopted ASU 2016 - 13 (“ASC 326” ) on January 1, 2023  using the modified-retrospective approach. The modified-retrospective approach consists of applying the amendments in ASU 2016 - 03 through a cumulative-effect adjustment, if required, to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company’s current method and timing of recognizing credit losses is in accordance with ASC 326 and is consistent with the previous method of recognizing credit losses, except for one receivable, which now utilizes the Discounted Cash Flow method for computing its Expected Credit Loss (“ECL”). The Company recorded an ECL allowance of $ 3.1 million as an opening balance adjustment to retained earnings at January 1, 2023.   On October 3, 2023 the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2022 - 06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 )”: Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, to extend the expiration date of Topic 848 through December 31, 2024 and ASU 2020 - 04, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to debt contracts, receivables, leases, derivatives, and other contracts impacted by reference rate reform and other transactions affected by the cessation of the LIBOR. The adoption of these provisions changed the LIBOR rate interest rate component under the Company’s RBL Facility to a Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus margin and changed the discount rate component under the Company’s RBL Facility from a 6 month LIBOR to a 6 month SOFR rate. Due to the provisions of ASU 2020 - 04 and 2023 - 06, the Company accounted for the change as a modification of debt.      3. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS   TransGlobe Merger   In 2022 VAALCO completed the acquisition of TransGlobe during the fourth quarter. Subsequent to the acquisition, during the first quarter of 2023, a bargain purchase gain adjustment was recorded, impacting the deferred tax liability. At September 30, 2023, the purchase accounting for the business combination has been completed. During the three months ended  September 30, 2023  the deferred tax liability in Egypt did not change. During the nine  months ended September 30, 2023 , the deferred tax liability in Egypt was increased b y $ 1.4  million , respectively, as of the date of the acquisition. This resulted in a decrease to the bargain purchase gain of a corresponding $ 1.4 million for the nine  months ended September 30, 2023 , and is reflected in VAALCO's condensed consolidated statements of operations in the line, “Other expense, net.”    8 Table of Contents   The actual impact of the TransGlobe acquisition was an increase to “Crude oil, natural gas and NGLs sales” of $ 134.0 million and $ 21.0 million o f “Net income” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the nine  months ended September 30, 2023 . The impact for the three months ended  September 30, 2023  was an increase to “Crude oil, natural gas and NGLs sales” of $ 59.0 million and $ 19.3 million o f “Net Income” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.    The unaudited pro forma results presented below have been prepared to give the effect of the TransGlobe acquisition discussed above on the Company’s results for the three and nine  months ended September  30, 2022, as if the acquisition had been consummated on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma results do not purport to represent what the Company’s actual results of operations would have been if the TransGlobe acquisition had been completed on such date or project the Company’s results of operations for any future date or period.       Three Months Ended September 30,       Nine Months Ended September 30,         2022       2022         (in thousands)       (in thousands)     Pro forma (unaudited):                     Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales   $ 137,926   (a)   $ 442,718   (a) Operating income   $ 60,176   (b)   $ 231,694   (d) Net income   $ 32,544   (c)   $ 105,401   (e)                                             Basic net income per share:   $ 0.30       $ 0.97     Basic weighted average shares outstanding     108,375         108,207                           Diluted net income per share:   $ 0.30       $ 0.97     Diluted weighted average shares outstanding     108,757         108,642       (a) The unaudited pro forma net revenues associated with Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales have been adjusted for shipping and handling costs based on the Company’s historical policy and revenue recognition is based on the Company’s working interest, less royalties, the entitlement method. (b) The unaudited pro forma operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 reclassifies depreciation expense, for certain leases identified as operating leases, to production expense and adjusts depreciation, depletion and amortization expense related to the depletable assets and asset retirement obligations acquired in the acquisition based on the purchase price allocation. (c) The unaudited pro forma net income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 reclassifies interest expense, for certain leases identified as operating leases, as production expense. (d) The unaudited pro forma operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 removes the $ 26.0 million impairment reversal recorded by TransGlobe in 2022, reclassifies depreciation expense, for certain leases identified as operating leases, to production expense and adjusts depreciation, depletion and amortization expense related to the depletable assets and asset retirement obligations acquired in the acquisition based on the purchase price allocation. (e) The unaudited pro forma net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022  reclassifies interest expense, for certain leases identified as operating leases, as production expense.      4. SEGMENT INFORMATION    The Company’s operations are based in Gabon, Egypt, and Canada, and the Company has an undeveloped block in Equatorial Guinea. Each of the Company’s reportable operating segments is organized and managed based upon geographic location. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, and management review and evaluate the operation of each geographic segment separately, primarily based on operating income (loss). The operations of all segments include exploration for and production of hydrocarbons where commercial reserves have been found and developed. Revenues are based on the location of hydrocarbon production. Corporate and other is primarily corporate and operations support costs that are not allocated to the reportable operating segments.   9 Table of Contents   Segment activity of continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022  as well as long-lived assets and segment assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:       Three Months Ended September 30, 2023   (in thousands)   Gabon     Egypt     Canada     Equatorial Guinea     Corporate and Other     Total   Revenues:                                                 Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales   $ 57,275     $ 50,307     $ 8,687     $ —     $ —     $ 116,269   Operating costs and expenses:                                                 Production expense     20,731       16,040       2,627       259       299       39,956   FPSO Demobilization     —       —       —       —       —       —   Exploration expense     —       1,194       —       —       —       1,194   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     14,583       12,967       4,948       —       40       32,538   General and administrative expense     348       54       —       94       5,720       6,216   Credit losses and other     684       —       —       138       —       822   Total operating costs and expenses     36,346       30,255       7,575       491       6,059       80,726   Other operating income (expense), net     5       —       —       —       —       5   Operating income     20,934       20,052       1,112       ( 491 )     ( 6,059 )     35,548   Other income (expense):                                                 Derivative instruments loss, net     —       —       —       —       ( 2,320 )     ( 2,320 ) Interest (expense) income, net     ( 1,371 )     ( 270 )     —       —       215       ( 1,426 ) Other (expense) income, net     111       —       —       ( 3 )     75       183   Total other expense, net     ( 1,260 )     ( 270 )     —       ( 3 )     ( 2,030 )     ( 3,563 ) Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes     19,674       19,782       1,112       ( 494 )     ( 8,089 )     31,985   Income tax (benefit) expense     13,173       888       —       —       11,783       25,844   Income (loss) from continuing operations     6,501       18,894       1,112       ( 494 )     ( 19,872 )     6,141   Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     —       —       —       —       —       —   Net income (loss)   $ 6,501     $ 18,894     $ 1,112     $ ( 494 )   $ ( 19,872 )   $ 6,141   Consolidated capital expenditures   $ 10,109     $ 11,987     $ 3,870     $ —     $ —     $ 25,966           Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023   (in thousands)   Gabon     Egypt     Canada     Equatorial Guinea     Corporate and Other     Total   Revenues:                                                 Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales   $ 171,936     $ 106,399     $ 27,577     $ —     $ —     $ 305,912   Operating costs and expenses:                                                 Production expense     59,077       38,239       8,136       1,007       301       106,760   FPSO Demobilization     5,647       —       —       —       —       5,647   Exploration expense     51       1,208       —       —       —       1,259   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     43,885       37,519       13,406       —       148       94,958   General and administrative expense     1,284       435       —       310       14,806       16,835   Credit losses and other     2,137       —       —       300       —       2,437   Total operating costs and expenses     112,081       77,401       21,542       1,617       15,255       227,896   Other operating income, net     ( 57 )     ( 241 )     —       —       —       ( 298 ) Operating income (loss)     59,798       28,757       6,035       ( 1,617 )     ( 15,255 )     77,718   Other income (expense):                                                 Derivative instruments gain, net     —       —       —       —       ( 2,268 )     ( 2,268 ) Interest (expense) income, net     ( 4,254 )     ( 1,581 )     ( 4 )     —       464       ( 5,375 ) Other income (expense), net     9       —       1       ( 4 )     ( 1,500 )     ( 1,494 ) Total other expense, net     ( 4,245 )     ( 1,581 )     ( 3 )     ( 4 )     ( 3,304 )     ( 9,137 ) Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes     55,553       27,176       6,032       ( 1,621 )     ( 18,559 )     68,581   Income tax expense (benefit)     36,002       10,141       —       —       6,060       52,203   Income (loss) from continuing operations     19,551       17,035       6,032       ( 1,621 )     ( 24,619 )     16,378   Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     —       —       —       —       ( 15 )     ( 15 ) Net income (loss)   $ 19,551     $ 17,035     $ 6,032     $ ( 1,621 )   $ ( 24,634 )   $ 16,363   Consolidated capital expenditures   $ 15,173     $ 32,084     $ 16,008     $ —     $ 36     $ 63,301       10 Table of Contents       Three Months Ended September 30, 2022   (in thousands)   Gabon     Equatorial Guinea     Corporate and Other     Total   Revenues:                                 Crude oil and natural gas sales   $ 78,097     $ —     $ —     $ 78,097   Operating costs and expenses:                                 Production expense     22,828       484       —       23,312   FPSO demobilization     8,867       —       —       8,867   Exploration expense     56       —       —       56   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     8,940       —       23       8,963   General and administrative expense     915       120       944       1,979   Bad debt expense and other     681       339       —       1,020   Total operating costs and expenses     42,287       943       967       44,197   Other operating income (expense), net     —       —       —       —   Operating income     35,810       ( 943 )     ( 967 )     33,900   Other income (expense):                                 Derivative instruments loss, net     —       —       3,778       3,778   Interest (expense) income, net     ( 351 )     —       117       ( 234 ) Other (expense) income, net     ( 1,305 )     1       ( 6,403 )     ( 7,707 ) Total other expense, net     ( 1,656 )     1       ( 2,508 )     ( 4,163 ) Income from continuing operations before income taxes     34,154       ( 942 )     ( 3,475 )     29,737   Income tax (benefit) expense     25,415       —       ( 2,572 )     22,843   Income from continuing operations     8,739       ( 942 )     ( 903 )     6,894   Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     —       —       ( 26 )     ( 26 ) Net income   $ 8,739     $ ( 942 )   $ ( 929 )   $ 6,868   Consolidated capital expenditures   $ 51,610     $ —     $ 53     $ 51,663         Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022   (in thousands)   Gabon     Equatorial Guinea     Corporate and Other     Total   Revenues:                                 Crude oil and natural gas sales   $ 257,738     $ —     $ —     $ 257,738   Operating costs and expenses:                                 Production expense     66,269       878       —       67,147   FPSO demobilization     8,867       —       —       8,867   Exploration expense     250       —       —       250   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     21,766       —       61       21,827   General and administrative expense     2,073       329       8,105       10,507   Credit losses and other     1,744       339       —       2,083   Total operating costs and expenses     100,969       1,546       8,166       110,681   Other operating income (expense), net     ( 5 )     —       —       ( 5 ) Operating income     156,764       ( 1,546 )     ( 8,166 )     147,052   Other income (expense):                                 Derivative instruments loss, net     —       —       ( 37,522 )     ( 37,522 ) Interest (expense) income, net     ( 515 )     —       160       ( 355 ) Other (expense) income, net     ( 2,799 )     ( 1 )     ( 7,714 )     ( 10,514 ) Total other expense, net     ( 3,314 )     ( 1 )     ( 45,076 )     ( 48,391 ) Income from continuing operations before income taxes     153,450       ( 1,547 )     ( 53,242 )     98,661   Income tax (benefit) expense     74,671       1       ( 10,205 )     64,467   Income from continuing operations     78,779       ( 1,548 )     ( 43,037 )     34,194   Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     —       —       ( 58 )     ( 58 ) Net income   $ 78,779     $ ( 1,548 )   $ ( 43,095 )   $ 34,136   Consolidated capital expenditures   $ 121,492     $ —     $ 120     $ 121,612     11 Table of Contents   (in thousands)   Gabon     Egypt     Canada     Equatorial Guinea     Corporate and Other     Total   Long-lived assets from continuing operations:                                                 As of September 30, 2023   $ 186,966     $ 163,639     $ 106,561     $ 10,000     $ 711     $ 467,877   As of December 31, 2022   $ 213,204     $ 168,012     $ 103,263     $ 10,000     $ 793     $ 495,272     (in thousands)   Gabon     Egypt     Canada     Equatorial Guinea     Corporate and Other     Total   Total assets from continuing operations:                                                 As of September 30, 2023   $ 353,896     $ 254,673     $ 112,289     $ 11,335     $ 95,635     $ 827,828   As of December 31, 2022   $ 395,393     $ 293,640     $ 110,071     $ 10,861     $ 45,676     $ 855,641     Information about the Company’s most significant customers   For the three and nine  months ended September 30, 2023  sales of crude oil to Glencore made up 100 % of Etame revenues. For the three and nine  months ended September 30, 2022, sales of crude oil to ExxonMobil Sales and Supply LLC made up 100 % of Etame revenues through July 2022. For August and September 2022, sales to Glencore made up 100 % of Etame revenues. For the three  months ended September 30, 2023 , the EGPC and Mercuria split the Company's crude oil sales in Egypt. For the nine  months ended  September 30, 2023 , Mercuria covered 100 % of the Company’s crude oil sales in Egypt in the first quarter; the EGPC covered 100 % of sales in the second quarter; and, sales were split between Mercuria and the EGPC in the third  quarter. F or the three and nine  months ended September 30, 2023 , revenues in Canada were concentrated in three separate customers. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, these customers wer e Plains Midstream ( 41.9 %), AltaGas ( 18.4 %), and PetroGas Energy ( 28.4 %). For the three  months ended September 30, 2023, these customers wer e PetroGas Energy ( 51.0 %), Plains Midstream ( 19.8 %) and AltaGas ( 17.5 %). Concentrations of accounts receivable are similar to the revenue percentages.   12 Table of Contents      5.   EARNINGS PER SHARE    Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated using the average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. For the calculation of diluted shares, the Company assumes that restricted stock is outstanding on the date of vesting, and the Company assumes the issuance of shares from the exercise of stock options using the treasury stock method.   A reconciliation of reported net income to net income used in calculating EPS as well as a reconciliation from basic to diluted shares follows:      Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022       (in thousands)   Net income (loss) (numerator):                                 Income (loss) from continuing operations   $ 6,141     $ 6,894     $ 16,378     $ 34,194   Income from continuing operations attributable to unvested shares     ( 58 )     ( 75 )     ( 73 )     ( 457 ) Numerator for basic     6,083       6,819       16,305       33,737   Loss from continuing operations attributable to unvested shares     ( 8 )     —       ( 49 )     3   Numerator for dilutive   $ 6,075     $ 6,819     $ 16,256     $ 33,740                                     Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax   $ —     $ ( 26 )   $ ( 15 )   $ ( 58 ) Loss from discontinued operations attributable to unvested shares     —       —       0       1   Numerator for basic     —       ( 26 )     ( 15 )     ( 57 ) (Income) loss from discontinued operations attributable to unvested shares     —       —       ( 0 )     —   Numerator for dilutive   $ -     $ ( 26 )   $ ( 15 )   $ ( 57 )                                   Net income (loss)   $ 6,141     $ 6,868     $ 16,363     $ 34,136   Net income attributable to unvested shares     ( 66 )     ( 75 )     ( 122 )     ( 456 ) Numerator for basic     6,075       6,793       16,241       33,680   Net (income) loss attributable to unvested shares     ( 8 )     —       ( 49 )     3   Numerator for dilutive   $ 6,067     $ 6,793     $ 16,192     $ 33,683                                     Weighted average shares (denominator):                                 Basic weighted average shares outstanding     106,289       59,068       106,876       58,900   Effect of dilutive securities     144       382       196       435   Diluted weighted average shares outstanding     106,433       59,450       107,072       59,335   Stock options and unvested restricted stock grants excluded from dilutive calculation because they would be anti-dilutive     530       388       336       195     13 Table of Contents      6. REVENUE   Gabon   The Company currently sells crude oil production from Gabon under term crude oil sales and purchase agreements (“COSPAs”) or crude oil sales and marketing agreements ("COSMA or COSMAs") with pricing based upon an average of Dated Brent in the month of lifting, adjusted for location and market factors. The following table presents revenues from contracts with customers as well as revenues associated with the obligations under the Etame PSC.       Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022   Revenues from customer contracts:   (in thousands)   Sales under the COSPA or COSMA   $ 64,100     $ 87,661     $ 194,179     $ 289,290   Other items reported in revenue not associated with customer contracts:                                 Carried interest recoupment     1,378       2,360       3,590       5,843   Royalties     ( 8,203 )     ( 11,924 )     ( 25,833 )     ( 37,395 ) Net revenues   $ 57,275     $ 78,097     $ 171,936     $ 257,738     With respect to the government’s share of Profit Oil, the Etame PSC provides that corporate income tax is satisfied through the payment of Profit Oil. In the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, the government’s share of revenues from Profit Oil is reported in revenues with a corresponding amount reflected in the current provision for income tax expense. Prior to February  1, 2018, the government did not take any of its share of Profit Oil in-kind. These revenues have been included in revenues to customers as the Company entered the contract with the customer to sell the crude oil and was subject to the performance obligations associated with the contract. For the in-kind sales by the government beginning February  1, 2018, these sales are not considered revenues under a customer contract as the Company is not a party to the contracts with the buyers of this crude oil. However, consistent with the reporting of Profit Oil in prior periods, the amount associated with the Profit Oil under the terms of the Etame PSC is reflected as revenue with an offsetting amount reported in current income tax expense. Payments of the income tax expense are reported in the period that the government takes its Profit Oil in-kind, i.e. the period in which it lifts the crude oil.  The Company has a $ 29.2  million foreign income tax payable as of  September 30, 2023  related to Gabon. As of December  31, 2022, the Compan y had a foreign taxes receivable of $ 2.8  million, as the Gabonese government lifted more oil-in-kind than what was owed in foreign taxes in December 2022.   Egypt   The following table presents revenues in Egypt from contracts with customers:        Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2023   Revenues from customer contracts:   (in thousands)   Gross sales   $ 88,748     $ 193,570   Royalties     ( 37,944 )     ( 86,176 ) Selling costs     ( 497 )     ( 995 ) Net revenues   $ 50,307     $ 106,399     Canada   The following table presents revenues in Canada from contracts with customers:       Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2023   Revenues from customer contracts:   (in thousands)   Oil revenue   $ 7,832     $ 22,811   Gas revenue     988       2,649   NGL revenue     2,073       6,421   Royalties     ( 2,206 )     ( 4,304 ) Net revenues   $ 8,687     $ 27,577     14 Table of Contents      7.   CRUDE OIL, NATURAL GAS and NGLs PROPERTIES AND EQUIPMENT   The Company’s crude oil, natural gas and NGLs properties and equipment is comprised of the following:        As of September 30, 2023     As of December 31, 2022       (in thousands)   Crude oil, natural gas and NGLs properties and equipment - successful efforts method:                 Wells, platforms and other production facilities   $ 1,463,395     $ 1,406,888   Work-in-progress     —       —   Undeveloped acreage     54,443       56,251   Equipment and other     44,358       38,796         1,562,196       1,501,935   Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment     ( 1,094,319 )     ( 1,006,663 ) Net crude oil, natural gas and NGLs properties, equipment and other   $ 467,877     $ 495,272     Exploration Expense   The East Arta 54 appraisal well in Egypt was abandoned during the period and subsequently expensed to Exploration Expense. The impact resulted in $ 1.2  million of expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.    8. DERIVATIVES AND FAIR VALUE   The Company uses derivative financial instruments from time to time to achieve a more predictable cash flow from crude oil production by reducing the Company’s exposure to price fluctuations. See the table below for the list of outstanding contracts as of September 30, 2023 :   Settlement Period Type of Contract Index   Average Monthly Volumes     Weighted Average Put Price     Weighted Average Call Price           (Bbls)     (per Bbl)     (per Bbl)   October 2023 - December 2023 Collars Dated Brent     85,000     $ 65.00     $ 90.00   January 2024 - March 2024 Collars Dated Brent     85,000     $ 65.00     $ 97.00   April 2024 - June 2024 Collars Dated Brent     65,000     $ 65.00     $ 100.00       15 Table of Contents   The following table sets forth the loss on derivative instruments on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income:           Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,   Derivative Item   Statements of Operations Line   2023     2022     2023     2022           (in thousands)     (in thousands)   Commodity derivatives   Cash settlements paid on matured derivative contracts, net   $ 1     $ ( 9,124 )   $ ( 62 )   $ ( 42,683 )     Unrealized gain (loss)     ( 2,321 )     12,902       ( 2,206 )     5,161       Derivative instruments gain (loss), net   $ ( 2,320 )   $ 3,778     $ ( 2,268 )   $ ( 37,522 )      9. CURRENT ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER   Accrued liabilities and other balances were comprised of the following:       As of September 30, 2023     As of December 31, 2022       (in thousands)   Accrued accounts payable invoices   $ 19,029     $ 28,360   Gabon DMO, PID and PIH obligations     13,871       10,509   Derivative liability - Collars     2,162       —   Capital expenditures     16,356       26,618   Stock appreciation rights – current portion     266       570   Accrued wages and other compensation     3,540       8,161   ARO Obligation     3,901       306   Egypt modernization payments     9,742       9,933   Excess cost oil payable     3,999       —   Other     3,604       6,935   Total accrued liabilities and other   $ 76,470     $ 91,392        10.   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES   Abandonment funding   Under the terms of the Etame PSC, the Company has a cash funding arrangement for the eventual abandonment of all offshore wells, platforms and facilities on the Etame Marin block. At  September 30, 2023 , the balance of the abandonment fund was $ 10.7  million ($ 6.3 million, net to VAALCO) on an undiscounted basis. The annual payments will be adjusted based on revisions in the abandonment estimate. This cash funding is reflected under “Other noncurrent assets” in the “Abandonment funding” line item of the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Future changes to the anticipated abandonment cost estimate could change the asset retirement obligation and the amount of future abandonment funding payments.   In the first quarter of 2023, the Directorate of Hydrocarbons in Gabon approved a $ 26.6 million ($ 15.6 million, net to VAALCO) abandonment funding payment associated with the FPSO retirement. The Company received payment of $ 15.6 million in March 2023. No activity was noted in the abandonment funding account during the second or third quarter of 2023.     FPSO charter   In connection with the charter of the FPSO, the Company, as operator of the Etame Marin block, guaranteed all of the charter payments under the charter through its contract term. At the Company’s election, the charter could be extended for two one -year periods beyond September 2020. These elections were made, and the charter was extended through September 2022. On September 9, 2022, the Company signed an addendum to the FPSO contract which extended the use of the FPSO through October 4, 2022 and ratified certain decommissioning and demobilization items associated with exiting the contract.   16 Table of Contents   Pursuant to the addendum, the Company agreed to pay the charterer day rate of $ 150,000 from August 20, 2022 through October 4, 2022, and other demobilization fees totaling $ 15.3 million on a gross basis, ($ 8.9 million net to the Company). The Company relinquished control over the FPSO in the fourth quarter of 2022.  VAALCO and the owners of the FPSO are negotiating a final settlement of amounts owed to each other and will settle on the Company’s restricted cash balances associated with the FPSO. In the second quarter of 2023, it was determined that there was more waste than anticipated connected to the FPSO from VAALCO's usage. As such, VAALCO incurred an additional $ 5.6  million in decommissioning fees, which was reported as a separate line item on the income statement. No additional expense was incurred beyond the initial expense.    During the second quarter of 2023, the Joint Operating Group ("VAALCO, Addax, PetroEnergy and Tullow") were informed by BW Offshore the supplier of the former FPSO that waste disposal of naturally occurring radioactive material was present in the final volumes and tanks on the vessel as is typical. The Joint Operating Group have an obligation to lift and properly dispose of this waste. The Company has provided for an accrual for the collection and disposal of the waste via tank cleaning activities that began in September and will continue in October 2023. The cost is expected to be around $ 9.6  million gross ($ 5.6 million net to VAALCO).   Share Buyback Program   On November 1, 2022, the Company announced that the Company’s board of directors formally ratified and approved a share buyback program. The board of directors also directed management to implement a Rule 10b5 - 1 trading plan (the “10b5 - 1 Plan”) to facilitate share purchases through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise in compliance with Rule 10b - 18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The 10b5 - 1 Plan provides for an aggregate purchase of currently outstanding common stock up to $ 30  million over a maximum period of  20 months. Payment for shares repurchased under the share buyback program will be funded using the Company's cash on hand and cash flow from operations. Effective August 16, 2023, there was an amendment to the share repurchase plan allowing VAALCO to repurchase up to $ 2 million a month through November 2023, but this did not change the total repurchase amount of $ 30 million.   The following table shows the repurchases of equity securities related to the share repurchase program from July 1, 2023  through September 30, 2023 :    Period   Total Number of Shares Purchased     Average Price Paid per Share     Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs     Maximum Amount that May Yet Be Used to Purchase Shares Under the Program   July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023     505,720     $ 3.96       505,720     $ 15,504,180   August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023     435,342     $ 4.61       435,342     $ 13,505,242   September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023     462,300     $ 4.31       462,300     $ 11,514,870   Total     1,403,362               1,403,362             The following table shows the repurchases of equity securities related to the share repurchase program after September 30, 2023  through   November 3, 2023:   Period   Total Number of Shares Purchased     Average Price Paid per Share     Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs     Maximum Amount that May Yet Be Used to Purchase Shares Under the Program   October 1, 2023 - October 31, 2023     491,869       $ 4.07       491,869       $ 9,515,101   November 1, 2023 - November 3, 2023     63,873       $ 4.48       63,873       $ 9,229,122   Total     555,742               555,742             The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased under the share buyback program will depend on several factors, including constraints specified in the Plan, the Company's stock price, general business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities. Under the Plan, the Company’s third -party broker, subject to SEC regulations regarding certain price, market, volume and timing constraints, would have authority to purchase the Company’s common stock in accordance with the terms of the Plan.   17 Table of Contents   Merged Concession Agreement   On January 20, 2022, prior to the consummation of the acquisition, TransGlobe announced a fully executed concession agreement "Merged Concession Agreement" with the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (“EGPC”) that merged the  three existing Eastern Desert concessions with a 15 -year primary term and improved economics. In advance of the Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources of the Arab Republic of Egypt (the “Minister”) executing the Merged Concession Agreement, TransGlobe paid the first modernization payment of $ 15.0 million and signature bonus of $ 1.0 million as part of the condition's precedent to the official signing ceremony on January 19, 2022. On February 1, 2022, TransGlobe paid the second modernization payment of $ 10.0 million. In accordance with the Merged Concession, the Company agreed to substitute the February 2023 payment and issue a $10.0 million credit against receivables owed to it from EGPC. The Company will make three  further annual equalization payments of $ 10.0 million each beginning February 1, 2024  until February 1, 2026. VAALCO recorded modernization payment liabilities of $ 27.1  million at September 30, 2023 . On the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, $ 9.7  million of the modernization payment liability was recorded in the line item "Accrued liabilities and other" and $ 17.4  million was recorded in "Other long-term liabilities".    The Company also has minimum financial work commitments of $ 50.0 million per each five -year period of the primary development term, commencing on February 1, 2020 ( the "Merged Concession Effective Date") for a total of $ 150 million commencing on the Merged Concession Effective Date"). Through September 30, 2023 , all investments have exceeded the five -year minimum $50 million threshold and any excess carries forward to offset against subsequent five -year commitments.    As the Merged Concession Agreement is effective as of February 1, 2020, there will be effective date adjustment owed to the Company for the difference in the historic commercial terms and the revised commercial terms applied against the production since the Merged Concession Effective Date. In accordance with GAAP, the Company has recognized a receivable in connection with the effective date adjustment of $ 67.5  million as of October 13, 2022, based on historical realized prices. However, the cumulative value to be received because of the effective date adjustment is currently being finalized with the EGPC and could result in a range of outcomes based on the final price per barrel negotiated. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining $ 50.3  million of the original $ 67.5 million receivable is recorded on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet in Receivables-Other, net.    Government Related Receivables   Under Article 35 of the Etame PSC, the Company can be required to contribute to meeting the domestic market needs of Gabon by delivering to the Government, or another entity designated by the Government, an amount of its crude oil proportional to the Company’s share of production to the total production in Gabon over the year. In October 2021, the Company was notified by the Government to procure and deliver to Sogara refinery an amount of oil equal to its proportionate share of crude oil to meet the domestic market need in offset of its domestic market obligation in the Etame PSC. In exchange, the Company is entitled, per the Etame PSC, to a fixed selling price for the oil delivered.   In November 2022, a receivable from Sogara became past due and the Company has not received payments. At September 30, 2023 , the amount due to the Company from the refinery is $ 17.9  million. A separate credit loss of $ 3.5 million has been provided for. The Company is in ongoing discussions with the Ministry of the Economy, Hydrocarbons and the Presidency of Gabon on finding a solution to the realization of the past due balances related to both the receivable from the refinery as well as past due VAT receivable amounts owed to the Company. The Company expects to recover the vast majority owed to it for both the VAT receivable and receivable under the oil supply arrangement, but the terms of recovery have not fully been finalized.    Lease Obligations   The following table describes the future maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities at September 30, 2023 :       Operating Leases     Finance Leases   Year   (in thousands)   2023   $ 1,257     $ 3,632   2024     2,464       14,448   2025     32       16,202   2026     —       16,443   2027     —       15,023   Thereafter     —       51,562         3,753       117,310   Less: imputed interest     132       31,638   Total lease liabilities   $ 3,621     $ 85,672     Under the joint operating agreements, other joint venture owners are obligated to fund $ 49.6  million of the $ 120.3  million in future lease liabilities.    18 Table of Contents     11. DEBT    As of  September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no outstanding debt.    RBL Facility   On May 16, 2022, the Borrower entered into the Facility Agreement by and among the Company, VAALCO Gabon, Glencore, the Law Debenture Trust Corporation P.L.C., as security agent, and the Lenders, providing for a senior secured reserve-based revolving credit facility in an aggregate maximum principal amount of up to $ 50.0 million (the “Initial Total Commitment”). Beginning October 1, 2023 and thereafter on April 1 and October 1 of each year during the term of the Facility, the Initial Total Commitment, as increased by any Additional Commitment, will be reduced by $ 6.3  million. On October 1, 2023, the amount available to be drawn under the facility was $ 43.8 million.   The Facility provides for determination of the borrowing base asset based on the Company’s proved producing reserves in Gabon and a portion of the Company's proved undeveloped reserves in Gabon. The borrowing base is determined and re-determined by the Lenders on March 31 and September 30 of each year. Based on the redetermination performed during the year, there was no change in the borrowing base.    Each loan under the Facility originally bore an interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin (the “Applicable Margin”) of (i) 6.00 % until the third anniversary of the Facility Agreement or (ii) 6.25 % from the third anniversary of the Facility Agreement until the Final Maturity Date (defined below). On October 3, 2023 the Company signed an Amended and Restated Facility Agreement to replace the LIBOR component, in the original Facility Agreement, with a SOFR plus credit adjustment spread rate. The SOFR plus credit adjustment spread rate is intended to approximate the LIBOR component in the original Facility Agreement and the LIBOR component was replaced due to LIBOR being discontinued as a global reference rate.   Pursuant to the Facility Agreement, the Company shall pay to Glencore for the account of each Lender a quarterly commitment fee equal to (i) 35 % per annum of the Applicable Margin on the daily amount by which the lower of the total commitments and the borrowing base amount exceeds the amount of all outstanding utilizations under the Facility, plus (ii) 20 % per annum of the Applicable Margin on the daily amount by which the total commitments exceed the borrowing base amount. The Borrower is also required to pay customary arrangement and security agent fees.   The Facility Agreement contains certain debt covenants, including that, as of the last day of each calendar quarter, (i) the ratio of Consolidated Total Net Debt to EBITDAX (as each term is defined in the Facility Agreement) for the trailing 12 months shall not exceed 3.0x and (ii) consolidated cash and cash equivalents shall not be lower than $ 10.0 million at any time. As of September 30, 2023 , the Company's borrowing base was $ 50.0  million. The amount the Company can borrow with respect to the borrowing base is subject to compliance with the financial covenants and other provisions of the Facility Agreement. Regarding the requirement, the Company must deliver its annual financial statements to Glencore within 90 days of the end of each fiscal year. The Company delivered the annual financial statements, along with its covenant compliance certificate to Glencore on April 11, 2023.  At September 30, 2023 , the Company was in compliance with all other debt covenants and had no outstanding borrowings under the facility.   The Facility will mature on the earlier of (i) the fifth anniversary of the date on which all conditions precedent to the first utilization of the Facility have been satisfied and (ii) the Reserve Tail Date (as defined in the Facility Agreement) (the “Final Maturity Date”).   ATB Facility   In connection with the  TransGlobe acquisition in October 2022, and prior to the effective time of the acquisition, TransGlobe repaid in full all outstanding obligations and liabilities owed under TransGlobe’s credit facility with ATB Financial (the "ATB Facility"), representing approximately Canadian $ 4.1 million. On January 5, 2023, the ATB Facility was formally closed. Termination of the ATB Facility will not affect the Company's $ 50.0 million senior secured reserve-based revolving credit facility with Glencore.    19 Table of Contents     12.   STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND OTHER BENEFIT PLANS   Stock options and performance shares   Stock options have an exercise price that may not be less than the fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant. In general, stock options granted to participants will become exercisable over a period determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors that is generally a three -year period, vesting in three equal parts on the anniversaries from the date of grant, and may contain performance hurdles.   The Company used the Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the grant date fair value of performance stock option awards. The fair value of these awards will be amortized to expense over the derived service period of the option.   For options that do not contain a market or performance condition, the Company uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the grant date fair value of stock option awards. This fair value is then amortized to expense over the service period of the option.   In June 2023, the Company granted options to certain employees of the Company that are considered performance stock options to purchase an aggregate of 334,753 shares at an exercise price of $ 4.19  per share and a life of ten years. For each performance stock option award, one - third of the underlying shares vest on the later of the first anniversary of the grant date and the date on which the Company’s stock price, determined using a 30 -day average, exceeds $ 4.82  per share; performance stock options with respect to one - third of the underlying shares vest on the later of the second anniversary of the grant date and the date on which the Company’s stock price, determined using a 30 -day average, exceeds $ 5.54  per share; and performance stock options with respect to the remaining one - third of the underlying shares vest on the later of the third anniversary of the grant date and the date on which the Company’s stock price, determined using a 30 -day average, exceeds $ 6.37  per share. These awards are option awards that contain a market condition. Compensation cost for such awards is recognized ratably over the derived service period and compensation cost related to awards with a market condition will not be reversed if the Company does not believe it is probable that such performance criteria will be met or if the service provider (employee or otherwise) fails to meet such performance criteria.   During the  nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the weighted average assumptions shown below were used to calculate the weighted average grant date fair value of option grants under the Monte Carlo.       Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022   Weighted average exercise price - ($/share)   $ 4.19     $ 6.41   Expected life in years     6.4       6.0   Average expected volatility     68 %     72 % Risk-free interest rate     3.73 %     1.98 % Expected dividend yield     5.97 %     2.30 % Weighted average grant date fair value - ($/share)   $ 2.29     $ 2.84     Restricted shares   Restricted stock granted to employees will vest over a period determined by the Compensation Committee that is generally a three -year period, vesting in three equal parts on the anniversaries following the date of the grant. Restricted stock granted to directors will vest on the earlier of (i) the first anniversary of the date of grant and (ii) the first annual meeting of stockholders following the date of grant (but not less than fifty ( 50 ) weeks following the date of grant). The vesting of the restricted stock is dependent upon, among other things, the employees’ and directors’ continued service with the Company.   During the  nine months ended September 30, 2023   796,639 restricted shared were granted, 354,080 shares vested, and 22,325 shares were forfeited. As of September 30, 2023,  1,084,671 restricted shares were unvested and outstanding.   20 Table of Contents      13. INCOME TAXES   VAALCO and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. income tax return. Certain foreign subsidiaries also file tax returns in their respective local jurisdictions that include Canada, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.   The foreign taxes payable are attributable to Gabon and Egypt for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 in addition to domestic income taxes in the U.S.   Provision for income taxes related to income from continuing operations consists of the following:       Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022     2023     2022   U.S. Federal:   (in thousands)   Current   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —   Deferred     1,220       461       2,677       ( 9,408 ) Foreign:                                 Current     26,829       ( 1,165 )     51,530       24,928   Deferred     ( 2,205 )     23,547       ( 2,004 )     48,947   Total   $ 25,844     $ 22,843     $ 52,203     $ 64,467     The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine  months ended  September 30, 2023 , excluding the impact of discrete items, was 63.85 % and 63.57 %. For the three and nine  months ended September 30, 2022, the effective tax rates were 131.4 % and 90.3 %. The total tax expense for the  three months ended September 30, 2023 , includes a discrete amount of $ 5.4  million primarily related to adjustments made because of changes to oil price (the change in value of the government of Gabon’s allocation of Profit Oil between the time it was produced and the time it was taken in-kind, i.e., oil price adjustment). For the nine  months ended  September 30, 2023 , the current tax expense of $ 51.5 million includes a $ 8.0  million unfavorable oil price adjustment. After excluding that impact, current income taxes were an expense of $ 43.5  million for the period. For the three months ended September  30, 2022, the current tax benefit of $ 1.2 million includes an $ 8.7 million favorable oil price adjustment as a result of the change in value of the government of Gabon's allocation of Profit Oil between the time it was produced and the time it was taken in-kind. After excluding this impact, current income taxes were $ 7.5 million for the period. For the nine  months ended September 30, 2022,  the current tax expense of $ 24.9 million includes a $ 4.4 million favorable oil price adjustment as a result of the change in value of the government of Gabon’s allocation of Profit Oil between the time it was produced and the time it was taken in-kind. After excluding the impact, current income taxes were $ 29.3 million for the period.   As of September 30, 2023 , the Company had no material uncertain tax positions. The Company’s policy is to recognize potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.     14.   OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME    The Company’s other comprehensive income  was  $( 2.2 )  million for the three months ended  September 30, 2023 . Th e functional currency of TransGlobe Energy's Canadian segment is the Canadian Dollar. All of the Company’s other comprehensive income arises from the currency translation of TransGlobe Energy Canadian segment to USD.   The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:        Currency Translation Adjustments       (in thousands)   Balance at December 31, 2022   $ 1,179   Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications     ( 125 ) Balance at March 31, 2023   $ 1,054   Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications     2,006   Balance at June 30, 2023   $ 3,060   Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications     ( 2,216 ) Balance at September 30, 2023   $ 844     21 Table of Contents      ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT ’ S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS   CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS   This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are intended to be covered by the safe harbors created by those laws. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our operations. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Quarterly Report that address activities, events or developments that we expect or anticipate may occur in the future, including without limitation, statements regarding our financial position, operating performance and results, reserve quantities and net present values, market prices, business strategy, derivative activities, the amount and nature of capital expenditures, payment of dividends and plans and objectives of management for future operations are forward-looking statements. When we use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “aim,” “target,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “may,” “likely,” “plan,” and “probably” or the negative of such terms or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements. Many risks and uncertainties that could affect our future results and could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:     ● volatility of, and declines and weaknesses in crude oil, natural gas and NGLs prices, as well as our ability to offset volatility in prices through the use of hedging transactions;   ● our ability to remediate our material weaknesses;    ● the discovery, acquisition, development and replacement of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs reserves;   ● impairments in the value of our crude oil, natural gas and NGLs assets;   ● future capital requirements;   ● our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity in order to fully implement our business plan;   ● our ability to generate cash flows that, along with our cash on hand, will be sufficient to support our operations and cash requirements;   ● the ability of the BWE Consortium to successfully execute its business plan;   ● our ability to attract capital or obtain debt financing arrangements;   ● our ability to pay the expenditures required in order to develop certain of our properties;   ● operating hazards inherent in the exploration for and production of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs;   ● difficulties encountered during the exploration for and production of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs;   ● the impact of competition;   ● our ability to identify and complete complementary opportunistic acquisitions;   ● our ability to effectively integrate assets and properties that we acquire into our operations;   ● weather conditions;   ● the uncertainty of estimates of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs reserves;   ● currency exchange rates and regulations;   ● unanticipated issues and liabilities arising from non-compliance with environmental regulations;   22 Table of Contents     ● the ultimate resolution of our abandonment funding obligations with the government of Gabon and the audit of our operations in Gabon currently being conducted by the government of Gabon;   ● the ultimate resolution of our negotiations with the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation ("EGPC") relating to the Effective Date Adjustment (as defined below);   ● the availability and cost of seismic, drilling and other equipment;   ● difficulties encountered in measuring, transporting and delivering crude oil, natural gas and NGLs to commercial markets;   ● timing and amount of future production of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs;   ● hedging decisions, including whether or not to enter into derivative financial instruments;   ● general economic conditions, including any future economic downturn, the impact of inflation, and disruption in financial credit;   ● our ability to enter into new customer contracts;   ● changes in customer demand and producers’ supply;   ● actions by the governments and other significant actors with respect to events occurring in the countries in which we operate;   ● actions by our joint venture owners;   ● compliance with, or the effect of changes in, governmental regulations regarding our exploration, production, and well completion operations including those related to climate change;   ● the outcome of any governmental audit; and   ● actions of operators of our crude oil, natural gas and NGLs properties.   The information contained in this Quarterly Report and the information set forth under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”), identifies additional factors that could cause our results or performance to differ materially from those we express in forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of these assumptions and therefore also the forward-looking statements based on these assumptions, could themselves prove to be inaccurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements that are included in this Quarterly Report and the 2022 Form 10-K, our inclusion of this information is not a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. When you consider our forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind these risk factors and the other cautionary statements in this Quarterly Report.   Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements are made and reflect our best judgment about future events and trends based on the information currently available to us. Our results of operations can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we make or by risks and uncertainties known or unknown to us. Therefore, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of the forward-looking statements. Actual events and results of operations may vary materially from our current expectations and assumptions. Our forward-looking statements, express or implied, are expressly qualified in their entirety by this “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” which constitute cautionary statements. These cautionary statements should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue.   Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report.   INTRODUCTION   VAALCO is a Houston, Texas based independent energy company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs. As operator, we have production operations and conduct exploration activities in Gabon, West Africa, Egypt and Canada. We also have opportunities to participate in development and exploration activities in Equatorial Guinea, West Africa. We have discontinued operations associated with our activities in Angola, West Africa and Yemen.   23 Table of Contents   RECENT DEVELOPMENTS   Dividend Policy     On February 14, 2023, our board of directors increased our quarterly cash dividend policy to an expected $0.0625 per common share per quarter, commencing in the first quarter of 2023. Dividends Payments were made during the first three quarters of 2023 in accordance with this policy change. On November 7, 2023, the Company's board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.0625 per common share to be paid on December 21, 2023 to stockholders of record at the close of business on November 24, 2023.    Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of the board of directors after taking into account various factors, including current financial condition, the tax impact of repatriating cash, operating results and current and anticipated cash needs.    Amendment to Facility Agreement   On October 3, 2023, VAALCO Gabon (Etame), Inc. (the “Borrower”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an amended and restated facility agreement that amends and restates the Facility Agreement dated May 16, 2022, by and among the Company, VAALCO Gabon, SA, Glencore Energy UK Ltd., as mandated lead arranger, technical bank and facility agent, the Law Debenture Trust Corporation P.L.C., as security agent, and the other financial institutions named therein. The Initial Credit Facility made use of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to calculate the interest rate applicable to borrowings thereunder.  As a result of the recent discontinuation of LIBOR as a published interest rate, the new facility amends the Initial Credit Facility to instead make use of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate  to calculate the interest rate applicable to borrowings thereunder. As of October 1, 2023, the amount available to be drawn under the facility was $43.8 million. See “Capital Resources and Liquidity – RBL Facility Agreement” for more information regarding the Facility.   Recent Operational Updates -   Gabon    VAALCO completed its 2021/2022 drilling campaign in the fourth quarter of 2022. We are currently evaluating locations and planning for the next drilling campaign at Etame that is expected to occur in 2024. In October 2022, VAALCO successfully completed its transition to a Floating Storage and Offloading vessel (“FSO”) and related field reconfiguration processes. This project provides a low cost FSO solution that increases the storage capacity for the Etame block and improved operational performance. The Company will continue to focus on operational excellence, including production uptime and enhancement in 2023 to minimize decline until the next drilling campaign.   At the end of September 2023, all wells were online from the end of 2022 as the gas lift compression system was successfully commissioned. This gas lift compression system increased the production and the reliability of two subsea wells, positively impacting our volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Gas lift compression and subsea wells remained online with a high level of reliability through the nine months ended September 30, 2023.   The focus during the first quarter of 2023 was continued production optimization of the new flow line configurations at the Etame Facility, as all production transits through the Etame platform for final processing before being pumped to the FSO. Since the field reconfiguration in 2022, a better understanding of the field’s operating parameters, through the new central processing facility (CPF) on Etame, has resulted in a more efficient and cost effective flow assurance program. Continued optimization and understanding of the post reconfiguration process dynamics of the Etame platform, have maintained a very high uptime availability of Etame Facility and in turn the complete Etame field during the second quarter. Combining this with individual well and facility chemical injection optimization and facility pipeline pigging adjustments both on frequency of pigging and flow path targeting, has increased production through decrease in pipeline internal buildup and resulting drop in pipeline back pressure, this in turn has provided more stable operations resulting in lower downtime. Through the third quarter of 2023, this continues to be a focus with positive results in production rates and uptime.   Preventative maintenance activities remained at levels prior to the field reconfiguration, as the focus was on steady state operation following project completion. Equipment reliability and availability remain at high levels. The actual percentages of Corrective Maintenance performed versus Preventative Maintenance performed remain well within VAALCO and Industry Best Practice standards. Major planned maintenance was carried out on Etame Power generation turbines.   24 Table of Contents   Egypt    We continued to use the EDC-64 rig in the Eastern Desert drilling campaign. We completed six wells in the third quarter of 2023, five development wells K-80, K-84, K-85, M-24, Arta-91 and one deep appraisal well EA-54. Drilling continues on the EA-55 development well in the fourth quarter which will be the last well of the 2023 campaign. We continue to drill an average of 2 wells per month with the EDC-64 rig and we have drilled 18 wells this year as well as completed the Arta-77Hz at the beginning of 2023. The 2023 firm and contingent work program was drilled more efficiently and came in under budget.   A summary of the Egyptian drilling campaign's impact during the third quarter is presented below:   VAALCO Egypt Q3 Wells Well Spud date Pay Zones Completion Interval IP-30 Rate BOPD K-80 7/1/2023 141.4 feet Asl-A, B, D and E Asl-E 16.4 feet 144 K-84 7/16/2023 98.8 feet Asl- D, E, F and G Asl-G 19.7 feet 158 K-85 7/31/2023 63.3 feet Asl- D, E, F and G Asl-E 9.8 feet 164 M-24 8/14/2023 70.2 feet Asl-A, B and D Asl-D 9.8 feet 120 Arta-91 9/1/2023 40 feet Red-bed/Nukhl Red-bed 20.0 feet 94 EA-54 9/12/2023 none Red-bed/Nukhl Abandoned none none   Canada    Early in 2023, two wells, the 04-10-29-03W5 and the 04-19-29-3W5, were tied in. Both wells are now online and producing.   25 Table of Contents   The 2023 drilling campaign commenced in January 2023 with the drilling of 12-12-30-4W5, spudded on January 28, 2023. The well was drilled to a total depth of 22,024 feet. The second well of the program, 16-30-29-3W5, was spudded on February 22, 2023, and drilled to a total depth of 14,446 feet. The 2 wells were completed between late March and early April and tied in and equipped in April and early May. 12-12-30-4W5 was put online in late April, and 16-30-29-3W5 was put online in early May with cycle times that were significantly less than historical cycle times. The wells flowed in the months of May and June. In early July the pump and rods were run on both wells. Both wells continue to produce and both wells continued to exceed expectations during the third quarter of 2023.   ACTIVITIES BY ASSET   Gabon   Offshore – Etame Marin Block   Development and Production    We operate the Etame Marin Block on behalf of a consortium of companies. As of September 30, 2023, production operations in the Etame Marin block included fifteen platform wells, plus two subsea wells tied back by pipelines to deliver crude oil and associated natural gas through a riser system to allow for delivery and processing at the Etame platform. From the Etame platform, the crude oil is pumped through a riser system to the FSO where it is stored and ultimately offloaded. The leased FSO is anchored to the seabed on the block. The Etame field currently has a combined total of seventeen producing wells. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, production from the block wa s 1,550 million barrels  ("MBbls") (792 MBbls, net) a nd 1,647 MBbls ( 842  MBbls, net), respectively, as discussed below in “Results of Operations”. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023  and 2022, production from the Etame Marin block was 4,740 MBbls ( 2,425  MBbls net) and 4,701 MBbls ( 2,405  MBbls net), respectively.    Egypt   In Egypt, our interests are spread across two regions: the Eastern Desert, which contains the West Gharib, West Bakr and North West Gharib merged concessions, and the Western Desert, which contains the South Ghazalat concession. Both of our Egyptian blocks are production sharing contracts ("PSC") among the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (“EGPC”), the Egyptian government and us. We are the operator and have a 100% working interest in both PSCs. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, production from the Eastern Desert was 1,076 MBbls (732 MBbls, net) as discussed below in “Results of Operations.” During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, production from the Eastern Desert was 3,032 MBbls (2,074 MBbls, net).    The SGZ-6X well in the South Ghazalat concession in the Western Desert is currently suspended pending further evaluation.   Canada   In Harmattan, Canada, we own production and working interests in the Cardium light oil and Mannville liquids-rich gas assets. This property produces oil and associated natural gas from the Cardium zone and liquids-rich natural gas from zones in the Lower Mannville and Rock Creek formations at vertical depths of 2,000 to 2,600 meters. All gas is delivered to a third party non-operated gas plant for processing. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, production from our Canadian assets was 261  thousand barrels of oil equivalent ("MBoe") to our working interest (210 MBoe, net) as discussed below in “Results of Operations." During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, production from our Canadian assets was 775 MBoe to our working interest (672 MBoe, net).   Equatorial Guinea   As of September 30, 2023, we had $10.0 million recorded for the book value of the undeveloped leasehold costs associated with the Block P license. In February of 2023, we acquired an additional 14.1% participating interest, increasing VAALCO’s participating interest in the Block to 60.0%. This increase of 14.1% participating interest increases our future payment to GEPetrol to $6.8 million at first commercial production of the Block. In March 2023, Atlas voted to participate in the Venus Development. Amendment 5 of the PSC was approved by all parties in March 2023 with this updated participating interest, and execution of the Venus development plan has been initiated. VAALCO, as operator, is in the process of working through the project charter and timing of key milestones. In addition, the amendment to the Joint Operating Agreement requires final ratification by all parties thereto.   The Block P PSC provides for a development and production period of 25 years from the date of approval of a development and production plan for the area associated with the Venus development. The PSC also includes the portions of Block P not associated with the Block P - Venus development.   26 Table of Contents   CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY   Cash Flows    Our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:       Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022     Increase (Decrease) in 2023 over 2022       (in thousands)   Net cash provided by operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities   $ 117,343     $ 95,850     $ 21,493   Net change in operating assets and liabilities     54,483       33,906       20,577   Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operating activities     171,826       129,756       42,070   Net cash used in discontinued operating activities     (15 )     (57 )     42   Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     171,811       129,699       42,112                             Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     (77,365 )     (103,853 )     26,488                             Net cash provided by (used in) in financing activities     (42,382 )     (8,075 )     (34,307 ) Effects of exchange rate changes on cash     (321 )     —       (321 ) Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash   $ 51,743     $ 17,771     $ 33,972     The $21.5 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to a $73.1 million increase in depreciation expense and $42.6 million lower cash settlements on derivative contracts partially offset by a prior year $42.7 million derivative gain and a $41.8 million decrease in deferred tax expense. The net increase in changes provided by operating assets and liabilities of $20.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 was primarily related to positive changes in trade receivable, receivables accounts with joint venture owners, other long-term assets and foreign income taxes payable (collectively $66.8 million). Partially offsetting these changes were negative changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other (collectively negative $50.5 million).   The $26.5 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to capital spending costs associated with the development drilling programs in Egypt and Canada not exceeding prior year expenditures along with reduced current year expenditures for Gabon. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash used in investing activities was due to increases in capital spending in 2022 for the Etame 8-H well, the Avouma 3H-ST well, ETBSM 1HB-ST well, the Etame field reconfiguration and other items to support the 2021/2022 drilling campaign.   Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $20.2 million for dividend distributions, $17.5 million for treasury stock repurchases made under our stock repurchase plan or as a result of tax withholding on options exercised and on vested restricted stock, and $5.2 million of principal payments on our finance leases partially offset by $0.6 million in proceeds from options exercised. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash used in financing activities included $5.8 million for dividend distributions, $0.8 million for treasury stock repurchases, as a result of tax withholding on options exercised and vested restricted stock, $1.5 million of costs capitalized associated with our credit facility and $0.2 million of principal payments on our finance leases partially offset by $0.3 million in proceeds from options exercised.   Capital Expenditures    For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 we had accrual basis capital expenditures attributable to continuing operations of $63.3 million compared to $121.6 million accrual basis capital expenditures for the same period in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our cash spending primarily related to the payments for the 2023 drilling campaigns in Egypt and Canada. During the same period in 2022, our spending was concentrated on the 2021/2022 drilling campaign, Etame field reconfigurations and FSO projects.   See discussion below in “ Capital Resources, Liquidity and Cash Requirements ” for further information.   27 Table of Contents   Regulatory and Joint Interest Audits   We are subject to periodic routine audits by various government agencies in Gabon, including audits of our petroleum Cost Account, customs, taxes and other operational matters, as well as audits by other members of the contractor group under our joint operating agreements.   Commodity Price Hedging   The price we receive for our crude oil, natural gas and NGLs significantly influences our revenue, profitability, liquidity, access to capital and prospects for future growth. Crude oil and natural gas commodities and, therefore their prices can be subject to wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in supply and demand. We believe these prices will likely continue to be volatile in the future.   Due to the inherent volatility in crude oil prices, we use commodity derivative instruments such as swaps and costless collars to hedge price risk associated with a portion of our anticipated crude oil production. These instruments allow us to reduce, but not eliminate, the potential effects of variability in cash flow from operations due to fluctuations in commodity prices. The instruments provide only partial protection against declines in crude oil prices and may limit our potential gains from future increases in prices. None of these instruments are used for trading purposes. We do not speculate on commodity prices but rather attempt to hedge physical production by individual hydrocarbon product in order to protect returns. We have not designated any of our derivative contracts as fair value or cash flow hedges. The changes in fair value of the contracts are included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We record such derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.    Cash on Hand   At September 30, 2023, we had unrestricted cash of $103.4 million. We invest cash not required for immediate operational and capital expenditure needs in short-term money market instruments primarily with financial institutions where we determine our credit exposure is negligible. As operator of the Etame Marin block in Gabon, we enter into project-related activities on behalf of our working interest joint venture owners. We generally obtain advances from joint venture owners prior to significant funding commitments. Our cash on hand will be utilized, along with cash generated from operations, to fund our operations.   We currently sell all our crude oil production from Gabon under a COSMA with Glencore. Under the COSMA all oil produced from the Etame G4-160 Block offshore Gabon from August 2022 through the Final Maturity Date of the Facility, will be bought and marketed by Glencore, with pricing based upon an average of Dated Brent in the month of lifting, adjusted for location and market factors.   Revenues associated with the sales of our crude oil in Egypt are recognized by reference to actual volumes sold and quoted market prices in active markets for Dated Brent, adjusted according to specific terms and conditions as applicable per the sales contracts. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. For reporting purposes, we record the EGPC’s share of production as royalties which are netted against revenue. With respect to taxes in Egypt, our income taxes under the terms of the Merged Concession Agreement are the liability of TransGlobe Petroleum International ("TGPI"), a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of VAALCO. TGPI's income taxes are paid by EGPC on behalf of TGPI out of EGPC’s production entitlement. The income taxes paid to the Arab Republic of Egypt on behalf of TGPI are recognized as oil and gas sales revenue and income tax expense for reporting purposes.   For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, sales to Egypt were split between Mercuria and the EGPC. Mercuria purchased oil in January and August, while the EGPC performed May, June, and September liftings. Sales to Mercuria are normally settled within 30 days.   Revenues from the sale of crude oil, natural gas, condensate and NGLs in Canada are recognized by reference to actual volumes delivered at contracted delivery points and prices. Prices are determined by reference to quoted market prices in active markets for crude oil, natural gas, condensate, and NGLs based on product, each adjusted according to specific terms and conditions applicable per the sales contracts. Revenues are recognized net of royalties and transportation costs. Revenues are measured at the fair value of the consideration received. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues in Canada were concentrated in three separate customers. For the nine months ended, these customers were Plains Midstream (41.9%), AltaGas (18.4%), and PetroGas Energy (28.40%). For the three months ended September 30, 2023, these customers were Plains Midstream (51.0%), AltaGas (17.5%), and PetroGas Energy (19.80%).   Settlement of accounts receivable in Canada occur on the 25th of the following month after production.    28 Table of Contents   Capital Resources, Liquidity and Cash Requirements   Historically, our primary source of liquidity has been cash flows from operations and our primary use of cash has been to fund capital expenditures for development activities in the Etame Marin block. We continually monitor the availability of capital resources, including equity and debt financings that could be utilized to meet our future financial obligations, planned capital expenditure activities and liquidity requirements including those to fund opportunistic acquisitions. We believe that the Facility significantly improves our financial flexibility and our ability to achieve accretive growth by providing access to cash if required for potential future development programs or to fund inorganic acquisition opportunities. Our future success in growing proved reserves, production and balancing the long-term development of our assets with a focus on generating attractive corporate-level returns will be highly dependent on the capital resources available to us.   Based on current expectations, we believe we have sufficient liquidity through our existing cash balances and cash flow from operations, including the addition of our Egypt and Canada segments, to support our current cash requirements, including the FSO charter, drilling programs, as well as transaction expenses and capital and operational costs associated with our business segments' operations. However, our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or fund any potential future acquisitions, consortiums, joint ventures, repurchases of shares or pay dividends or other similar transactions depends on operating and economic conditions, some of which are beyond our control. If additional capital is needed, we may not be able to obtain debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us, or at all. We are continuing to evaluate all uses of cash, including opportunistic acquisitions, and whether to pursue growth opportunities and whether such growth opportunities, additional sources of liquidity, including equity and/or debt financings, are appropriate to fund any such growth opportunities.    Merged Concession Agreement   On January 19, 2022, legacy subsidiaries of TransGlobe executed the Merged Concession Agreement with EGPC to update and merge the Company's three Egyptian concessions in West Bakr, West Gharib and NW Gharib (the “Merged Concession”). The modernization payments under the Merged Concession Agreement total $65.0 million and are payable over six years from the Merged Concession Effective Date. Under the Merged Concession Agreement, we will be required to pay an additional $10.0 million on February 1 for each of the next three years. In addition, we have committed to spending a minimum of $50.0 million over each five-year period for the 15 years of the primary term (totaling $150.0 million). Our ability to make scheduled payments arising from the Merged Concession Agreement will depend on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to then prevailing economic, industry and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control.   RBL Facility Agreement and Available Credit   Our Facility Agreement with Glencore is available to support our exploration and development programs as well as our corporate activities. As of September 30, 2023, there were no borrowings under the Facility. As of October 1, 2023, the amount available to be drawn under the facility was $43.8 million. On April 1 and October 1 of each year during the term of the Facility, committed amount available to be drawn will be reduced by $6.25 million. The Facility provides for determination of the borrowing base asset based on our proved producing reserves and a portion of our proved undeveloped reserves. The borrowing base is determined and re-determined by the Lenders on March 31 and September 30 of each year. Based on the redetermination performed during the year, there was no change in the borrowing base.  The Facility will mature on the earlier of (i) the fifth anniversary of the date on which all conditions precedent to the first utilization of the Facility have been satisfied and (ii) the Reserve Tail Date (as defined in the Facility Agreement) (the “Final Maturity Date”).   Each loan under the Facility originally bore an interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin (the “Applicable Margin”) of (i) 6.00% until the third anniversary of the Facility Agreement or (ii) 6.25% from the third anniversary of the Facility Agreement until the Final Maturity Date. On October 3, 2023 the Company signed an Amended and Restated Facility Agreement to replace the LIBOR component, in the original Facility Agreement, with a SOFR plus credit adjustment spread rate. The SOFR plus credit adjustment spread rate is intended to approximate the LIBOR component in the original Facility Agreement and the LIBOR component is was replaced due to concerns about the sustainability of LIBOR as a global reference rate.   We were in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the Facility at September 30, 2023.   Cash Requirements   Our material cash requirements generally consist of finance leases, operating leases, purchase obligations, capital projects and 3D seismic processing, dividend payments, funding of our share buyback program, merged concession agreement, future lease payments and abandonment funding, each of which is discussed below or in the footnotes to the financial statements.   29 Table of Contents   Abandonment Funding – Under the terms of the Etame PSC, we have a cash funding arrangement for the eventual abandonment of all offshore wells, platforms and facilities on the Etame Marin block. As a result of the PSC Extension, annual funding payments are spread over the periods from 2018 through 2028, under the applicable abandonment study. The amounts paid will be reimbursed through the Cost Account and are non-refundable. In November 2021, a new abandonment study was done and the estimate used for this purpose is approximately $81.3 million ($47.8 million, net to VAALCO) on an undiscounted basis. The new abandonment estimate has been presented to the Gabonese Directorate of Hydrocarbons as required by the PSC. At September 30, 2023, the balance of the abandonment fund was $10.7 million ($6.3 million, net to VAALCO) on an undiscounted basis. The annual payments will be adjusted based on revisions in the abandonment estimate. This cash funding is reflected under “Other noncurrent assets” in the “Abandonment funding” line item of the consolidated balance sheets. Future changes to the anticipated abandonment cost estimate could change the asset retirement obligation and the amount of future abandonment funding payments.   Leases – We are a party to several operating and financing lease arrangements, including operating leases for the corporate office, a drilling rig, rental of marine vessels and helicopters, warehouse and storage facilities, equipment and financing lease agreements for the FSO and generators used in the operations of the Etame Marin block and for equipment, offices and vehicles used in the operations of Canada and Egypt. The annual costs of these leases are significant to us.     Merged Concession Agreement – Under the Merged Concession Agreement, we will make three  annual payments of $10.0 million each to the EGPC beginning February 1, 2024, until February 1, 2026.   BWE Consortium – On October 11, 2021, we announced our entry into a consortium with BW Energy and Panoro Energy and that the BWE Consortium has been provisionally awarded two blocks in the 12th Offshore Licensing Round in Gabon. The award is subject to concluding the terms of the PSC with the Gabonese government. BW Energy will be the operator with a 37.5% working interest. We will have a 37.5% working interest and Panoro Energy will have a 25% working interest as non-operating joint owners. The two blocks, G12-13 and H12-13, are adjacent to our Etame PSC as well as BW Energy and Panoro’s Dussafu PSC offshore Southern Gabon, and cover an area of 2,989 square kilometers and 1,929 square kilometers, respectively. The two blocks will be held by the BWE Consortium and the PSCs over the blocks will have two exploration periods totaling eight years which may be extended by an additional two years. During the first exploration period, the joint owners intend to reprocess existing seismic and carry out a 3-D seismic campaign on these two blocks and have also committed to drilling exploration wells on both blocks. In the event the BWE Consortium elects to enter the second exploration period, the BWE Consortium will be committed to drilling at least another one exploration well on each of the awarded blocks.   Trends and Uncertainties   Geopolitical Climate and Other Market Forces – Increased inflation, higher interest rates and current turmoil in certain governments are impacting the global supply chain, which in turn have had, and may continue to have, an impact on our business. Management believes the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and its related impact on the global economy are causing supply chain issues and energy concerns in parts of the global economy. For example, we noticed that the lead times associated with obtaining materials to support our operations and drilling activities has lengthened, leading to delays and, in most cases, prices for materials have increased.   The outbreak of armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022 and the subsequent sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation has, and may continue to have, a destabilizing effect on the European continent and the global oil and natural gas markets. The ongoing conflict has caused, and could intensify, volatility in oil and natural gas prices, and the extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions could be significant and could potentially have a substantial negative impact on the global economy and/or our business for an unknown period of time.    Further, the slowdown in the Chinese economy is negatively impacting the global market and the global supply chain problems may have a material adverse impact on our financial results and business operations, including our timing and ability to complete future drilling campaigns and other efforts required to advance the development of our crude oil, natural gas and NGLs properties.   Commodity Prices – Historically, the markets for oil, natural gas and NGLs have been volatile. Oil, natural gas and NGLs prices are subject to wide fluctuations in supply and demand. Our cash flows from operations may be adversely impacted by volatility in crude oil and natural gas prices, a decrease in demand for crude oil, natural gas or NGLs and future production cuts by OPEC+. However, t he Company has not received any mandate to reduce its current oil production from the Etame Marin block as a result of the OPEC+ initiatives.   30 Table of Contents   ESG and Climate Change Effects – Sustainability matters continue to attract considerable public, regulatory and scientific attention. In particular, we expect continued required reporting attention on climate change issues and emissions of greenhouse gases (“GHG”), including methane (a primary component of natural gas) and carbon dioxide (a byproduct of crude oil and natural gas combustion) and freshwater use. This increased attention to climate change and environmental conservation coupled with stepped up government incentives around renewable energy sources may result in demand shifts away from crude oil and natural gas products, higher regulatory and compliance costs, additional governmental investigations and private litigation against us. For example, numerous proposals have been made and are likely to continue to be made at the international, national, regional and state levels of government to monitor and limit emissions of GHGs. These efforts have included consideration of cap-and-trade programs, carbon taxes, GHG reporting and tracking programs and regulations that directly limit GHG emissions from certain sources. In addition, institutional investors, proxy advisory firms and other industry participants continue to focus on ESG matters, including climate change. We expect that this heightened focus will continue to drive ESG efforts across our industry and influence investment and voting decisions, which for some investors may lead to less favorable sentiment towards carbon assets and diversion of investment to other industries. Consistent with the increased attention on ESG matters and climate change, we have prioritized and are committed to responsible environmental practices by monitoring our adherence to ESG reporting requirements, including establishing and communicating short and long-term goals and targets, furthering the reduction of our carbon footprint and measurement of GHG emissions. Sustainability remains an important topic to us, and we are in the process of developing a multi-year plan to establish and document our progress in achieving goals we set for ourselves across all areas of sustainability.  Our plans will enable us to monitor and improve matters related to ESG and climate change going forward.   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES   There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies subsequent to December 31, 2022.   NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS   See Note 2 to the Financial Statements.     RESULTS OF OPERATIONS    Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022   Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $ 6.1 million compared to net income of $ 6.9 million for the same period of 2022. See discussion below for changes in revenue and expense.   Crude oil, natural gas and NGL revenues increased $38.2 million, or approximately 49%, to $ 116.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $ 78.1 million for the same period in the prior year. The revenue increase is attributable to higher volumes sold in Gabon and the addition of the Egypt and Canada segments acquired in the TransGlobe acquisition, partially offset by significantly lower realized sales prices compared to the prior period.       Three Months Ended September 30,               2023     2022     Increase/(Decrease)       (in thousands except per Boe information)   Net crude oil, natural gas and NGLs sales volume (MBoe)     1,812       731       1,081   Average crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs sales price (per Boe)   $ 63.41     $ 103.61     $ (40.20 )                           Net crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs revenue   $ 116,269     $ 78,097     $ 38,172                             Operating costs and expenses:                         Production expense     39,956       23,312       16,644   FPSO demobilization     —       8,867       (8,867 ) Exploration expense     1,194       56       1,138   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     32,538       8,963       23,575   General and administrative expense     6,216       1,979       4,237   Credit losses and other     822       1,020       (198 ) Total operating costs and expenses     80,726       44,197       36,529   Other operating expense, net     5       —       5   Operating income   $ 35,548     $ 33,900     $ 1,648     31 Table of Contents   The revenue changes in the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in  2022 identified as related to changes in price or volume, are shown in the table below:   (in thousands)         Price   $ (72,831 ) Volume     111,983   Other     (980 )     $ 38,172     (1) The price in the table above excludes revenues attributed to carried interests   The table below shows net production, sales volumes and realized prices for both periods.       Three Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022   Net crude oil, natural gas and NGLs production (MBoe)     1,734       842   Net crude oil, natural gas, and NGL sales (MBoe)     1,812       731                     Average realized crude oil, natural gas and NGLs price ($/Boe)   $ 63.41     $ 103.61   Average Dated Brent spot price* ($/Bbl)     86.65       99.90     *Average of daily Dated Brent spot prices posted on the U.S. Energy Information Administration website.   Crude oil, natural gas and NGL revenues  increased  $38.2 million, or approximately 49%,  during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022.    Gabon   Crude oil sales in Gabon are a function of the number and size of crude oil liftings in each year and thus crude oil sales do not always coincide with volumes produced in any given year. The Company’s Gabon segment contributed $ 57.3 million of revenue to the Company’s total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023. This compares to the $ 78.1 million of revenue contributed by the Segment during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The total barrels lifted in Gabon for the three months ended  September 30, 2023 was slightly lower than the three months ended September 2022, mainly due to three lifting occurring in the 2022 period compared to two lifting in the 2023 period. This was compounded by the Gabon per barrel price received during the three months ended September 30, 2023 which was $19.49 less than the price received in 2022. Our share of crude oil inventory, excluding royalty barrels, was approximately 333,396 barrels and 143,972 barrels at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.   Egypt   Crude oil sales in Egypt are either sold to a third party via a cargo lifting or sold directly to the government, EGPC. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the oil sold in Egypt was through direct sales to EGPC and to Mercuria Energy. The Company’s Egypt segment contribute d $50.3 million of revenue to the Company’s total revenue for the quarter. At September 30, 2023, the Company’s Egypt segment had zero barrels in oil inventory. Since the Company acquired its Egyptian segment in the fourth quarter of 2022, there are no comparable revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022.   Canada   Crude oil sales in Canada are normally sold through pipelines to a third party. The Company’s Canadian segment contributed $ 8.7 million of revenue to the Company’s total revenue for the quarter. Since the Company acquired its Canadian segment in the fourth quarter of 2022, there are no comparable revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022.   32 Table of Contents   Production expense s increased $16.6 million, or approximately 71%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $ 40.0 million from $ 23.3 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in production expense was primarily driven by increased production and costs associated with the TransGlobe combination as well as higher Gabon costs due to the completed 2021/2022 drilling campaign. VAALCO has seen inflationary pressure on personnel and contractor costs. On a per barrel basis, production expense, excluding workover expense and stock compensation expense, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 decreased to $ 22.04 per barrel from $31.80 per barrel for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily as a result of higher sales volumes for the current period. For both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, we have not experienced any material operational disruptions associated with the current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 the costs associated with proactive measures related to COVID were not material. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred $0.2 million in additional costs related to the proactive measures taken in response to the pandemic.   FPSO Demobilization for the three months ended September 30, 2023  was zero.  For the three months ended September 30, 2022 , the Company recorded $8.9 million in decommissioning fees, which was reported as a separate line item on the income statement. These 2022 costs were incurred to retire the FPSO as we transitioned the block to the FSO.    Exploration expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.2 million due to the abandonment of the East Arta - 54 appraisal well. In 2022, exploration expense  was not material to our results.   Depreciation, depletion and amortization costs increased $23.6 million, or approximately 263% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $ 32.5 million from $ 9.0 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense is due to higher depletable costs associated with the FSO, the field reconfiguration capital costs at Etame and the step-up to fair value of the acquired TransGlobe assets. In addition, new wells were brought online in 2023 for both Egypt and Canada, which also increased depreciation, depletion and amortization expense   General and administrative expenses increased $4.2 million, or 214% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $ 6.2 million from $ 2.0 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to higher corporate stock based compensation, professional service fees, salaries and wages, and accounting and legal fees.    Credit losses and other decreased by $0.2 million to $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. We adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”) on January 1, 2023. In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we established an opening balance sheet adjustment related to a receivable from a state sponsored oil refinery where we delivered oil pursuant to the domestic market needs obligation under the Etame PSC. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, no allowance was established related to this receivable as the state sponsored oil refinery made timely payments of the amounts owed to the Company.   Historically, we reported amounts currently considered as credit loss expense and other as bad debt expense and, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, bad debt expense mainly related to our VAT balances under the Etame PSC. When we are invoiced by a vendor an amount is added for VAT (a cost plus VAT amount) and we pay the vendor invoice. Since we are an oil and gas company, we are exempt from VAT and therefore request reimbursement from the State of Gabon for VAT for amounts we have paid. Due to the late reimbursement nature of the VAT receivable by the State of Gabon, the Company established an allowance against the receivable. The allowance related to the VAT receivable was $8.4 million on December 31, 2022. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 we added $0.4 million to the allowance account for the current quarter's activity. We are now reporting under the condensed consolidated income statement line item “Credit losses and other” the activity related to financial assets under ASC 2016-13 and activity regarding other allowance accounts. For more information on credit losses and other allowances, see Note 1 to the Financial Statements.   Other operating expense, net  for each of the three months ended September 30, 2023 and  2022 was not material to our results.    Derivative instruments gain (loss), net is attributable to our swaps and collars as discussed in Note 8 to the Financial Statements. Derivative gain (loss) decreased b y $6.1 million, or approximately 161% to a loss of $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from a gain of $3.8 million during the same period in the prior year. Derivative gains for the three months ended September 30, 2022 are a result of the decrease in the price of Dated Brent crude oil below the initial strike price per barrel of the option over the three months ended September 30, 2022. Derivative losses for the three months ended  September 30, 2023  are a result of the increase in the price of Dated Brent crude oil over the initial strike price per barrel of the option over the three months ended   September 30, 2023. Our derivative instruments currently cover a portion of our production through June 2024.    33 Table of Contents   Interest expense, net was $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an expense of $0.2 million during the same period in 2022. The increase of net interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily results from our finance lease relating to the FSO, but also includes commitments fees incurred on the Facility, amortization of debt issue costs related to the Facility and interest associated with our other finance leases partially offset by interest income.    Other (expense) income increased by $7.9 million to an income of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from an expense of $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 . Other (expense) income, net normally consists of foreign currency gains and losses .  However, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 there was $6.4 million of transactions costs associated with the TransGlobe acquisition in addition to the foreign currency losses. No such expenses existed during the third quarter of 2023.   Income tax expense (benefit) for the three months ended  September 30, 2023 was an expense of $ 25.8 million. This is comprised of current tax expense of $ 26.8 million and $1.0 million of deferred tax benefit. Income tax expense (benefit) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was an expense of $ 22.8 million. This is comprised of current tax benefit of $1.2 million and $ 24.0 million of deferred tax expense.    Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022   Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $16.4 million compared to net income of $34.1 million for the same period of 2022. See discussion below for changes in revenue and expense.   Crude oil, natural gas and NGLs revenues  increased $48.2 million, or approximately 19%, to $305.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $257.7 million for the same period in the prior year. The revenue increase is attributable to the addition of the Egypt and Canada segments acquired in the TransGlobe acquisition, partially offset by lower realized sales prices.        Nine Months Ended September 30,               2023     2022     Increase/(Decrease)       (in thousands except per Boe information)   Net crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs sales volume (MBoe)     4,839       2,305       2,534   Average crude oil, natural gas and NGLs sales price (per Boe)   $ 62.48     $ 109.28     $ (46.80 )                           Net crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs revenue   $ 305,912     $ 257,738     $ 48,174                             Operating costs and expenses:                         Production expense     106,760       67,147       39,613   FPSO demobilization     5,647       8,867       (3,220 ) Exploration expense     1,259       250       1,009   Depreciation, depletion and amortization     94,958       21,827       73,131   General and administrative expense     16,835       10,507       6,328   Credit losses and other     2,437       2,083       354   Total operating costs and expenses     227,896       110,681       117,215   Other operating expense, net     (298 )     (5 )     (293 ) Operating income   $ 77,718     $ 147,052     $ (69,334 )   The revenue changes in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 identified as related to changes in price or volume, are shown in the table below:    (in thousands)         Price   $ (226,453 ) Volume     276,885   Other     (2,258 )     $ 48,174     (1) The price in the table above excludes revenues attributed to carried interests   34 Table of Contents   The table below shows net production, sales volumes and realized prices for both periods.       Nine Months Ended September 30,       2023     2022   Net crude oil, natural gas and NGLs production (MBoe)   5,172       2,405   Net crude oil, natural gas and NGLs sales (MBoe)   4,839       2,305                     Average realized crude oil, natural gas and NGLs price ($/Boe)   $ 62.48     $ 109.28   Average Dated Brent spot price* ($/Bbl)   $ 81.99     $ 105.00   *Average of daily Dated Brent spot prices posted on the U.S. Energy Information Administration website.   Crude oil, natural gas and NGL revenues  increased $48.2  million, or approximately 19% ,  during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022.    Gabon   Crude oil sales in Gabon are a function of the number and size of crude oil liftings in each year and thus crude oil sales do not always coincide with volumes produced in any given year. The Company’s Gabon segment contributed $171.9 million of revenue to the Company’s total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This compares to the $257.7 million of revenue contributed by the Segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The total barrels lifted in Gabon for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was less than the barrels lifted during the same period in 2022, mainly due to the timing of liftings. In addition, the Gabon per barrel price received during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $28.80 less than the price received in 2022. Our share of crude oil inventory, excluding royalty barrels, was approximately 333,396  and 143,972 barre ls at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.   Egypt   Crude oil sales in Egypt are either sold to a third party via a cargo lifting or sold directly to the government, EGPC. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the oil sold in Egypt was through third party sales to Mercuria Energy during the first quarter, and through direct sales to EGPC during the second quarter. The company sold to both the EGPC and Mercuria during the third quarter. The Company’s Egypt segment contributed $106.4 million of revenue to the Company’s total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, the Company’s Egypt segment had zero barrels in oil inventory. Since the Company acquired its Egyptian segment in the fourth quarter of 2022, there are no comparable revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.   Canada   Crude oil sales in Canada are normally sold through pipelines to a third party. The Company’s Canadian segment contributed $27.6 million of revenue to the Company’s total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Since the Company acquired its Canadian segment in the fourth quarter of 2022, there are no comparable revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.   Production expenses  increased $39.6 million, or approximately 59%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $106.8 million from $67.1 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in production expense was primarily driven by increased production and costs associated with the TransGlobe combination as well as higher Gabon costs due to the added production from the now completed 2021/2022 drilling campaign. VAALCO has seen inflationary pressure on personnel and contractor costs. On a per barrel basis, production expense, excluding workover expense and stock compensation expense, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased to $22.32 per barrel from $29.10 per barrel for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily as a result of higher sales volumes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we have not experienced any material operational disruptions associated with the current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the costs associated with proactive measures related to COVID were not material. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred $1.6 million in higher costs related to the proactive measures taken in response to the pandemic.   FPSO Demobilization  for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $5.7 million. In the second quarter of 2023, it was determined that there was more waste than anticipated connected to the FPSO from VAALCO's usage. As such, VAALCO incurred an addition al $5.7 million i n decommissioning fees, which was reported as a separate line item on the income statement. A similar expense of $8.9 milli on was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 for costs incurred to retire the FPSO as we transitioned the block to the FSO.   Exploration expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.3 million due primarily to the abandonment of the East Arta - 54 appraisal well. In 2022, exploration expense  was not material to our results.   35 Table of Contents   Depreciation, depletion and amortization costs increased $73.1 million, or approximately 335% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $95.0 million from $21.8 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2022, is due to higher depletable costs associated with the FSO, the field reconfiguration capital costs at Etame and the step-up to fair value of the TransGlobe assets. In addition, new wells were brought online in 2023 for both Egypt and Canada, which also increased depreciation, depletion and amortization expense.   General and administrative expenses increased $6.3 million, or 60%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $16.8 million from $10.5 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in general and administrative expenses is primarily due increased professional fees, accounting and legal services, and salaries and wages.   Credit losses and other increased by $0.3 million to $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”) on January 1, 2023. In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we established an opening balance sheet adjustment related to a receivable from a state sponsored oil refinery where we delivered oil pursuant to the domestic market needs obligation under the Etame PSC. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized an additional amount to the credit loss allowance of $0.6 million for crude oil delivered to the refinery during the nine months. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, no allowance was established related to this receivable as the state sponsored oil refinery made timely payments of the amounts owed to the Company.    Historically, we reported amounts currently considered as credit loss expense and other as bad debt expense and, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, bad debt expense mainly related to our VAT balances under the Etame PSC. When we are invoiced by a vendor, an amount is added for VAT (a cost plus VAT amount) and we pay the vendor invoice. Since we are an oil and gas company, we are exempt from VAT and therefore request reimbursement from the State of Gabon for VAT for amounts we’ve paid. Due to the late reimbursement nature of the VAT receivable by the State of Gabon, the Company established an allowance against the receivable. The allowance related to the VAT receivable was $8.4 million on December 31, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 we added $1.5 million to the allowance account for the current year's activity. We are now reporting under the condensed consolidated income statement line item “Credit losses and other” the activity related to financial assets under ASC 2016-13 and activity regarding other allowance accounts. For more information on credit losses and other allowances, see Note 1 to the Financial Statements.   Other operating expense, net  for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was not material to our results.   Derivative instruments gain (loss), net is attributable to our swaps and collars as discussed in Note 8 to the Financial Statements. Derivative loss decreased by $35.3 million, or approximately 94.0% to a loss of $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from a loss of $37.5 million during the same period in the prior year. Derivative gains (losses) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are a result of the increase in the price of Dated Brent crude oil over the initial strike price per barrel of the option over the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The same increase in price occurred, but to a lesser extent, in 2023. During 2022, we changed the type of our derivative instruments from swaps to costless collars. Our derivative instruments currently cover a portion of our production through June 2024.    Interest expense, net was $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an expense of $0.4 million during the same period in 2022. The increase of net interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily results from our finance lease relating to the FSO but also includes commitments fees incurred on the Facility, amortization of debt issue costs related to the Facility and interest associated with our other finance leases partially offset by interest income.   Other (expens e) income decreased by $9.0 million to an expense of $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from an expense of $10.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Other (expense) income, net normally consists of foreign currency gains and (losses). However, the nine months ended September 30, 2023, also included $1.4 million expense from a transition period adjustment of the bargain purchase gain related to the TransGlobe acquisition as discussed in Note 3 to the Financial Statements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 , $7.6 millio n of transactions costs associated with the TransGlobe acquisition is the primary driver for the activity along with foreign currency losses.    36 Table of Contents   Income tax expense (benefit)  for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was an expense of $52.2 million. This is comprised of current tax expense of $51.5 million and $0.7 million of deferred tax expense. Income tax expense (benefit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was an expense of $64.5 million. This is comprised of current tax expense of $24.9 million and $39.5 million of deferred tax expense. The deferred income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included a $20.2 million deferred tax benefit from the reversal of the valuation allowance.   ITEM   3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK   MARKET RISK   We are exposed to market risk, including the effects of adverse changes in commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and interest rates as described below.   FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK   Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by currency exchange rates. While crude oil sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, portions of our costs in Gabon are denominated in the local currency (the Central African CFA Franc, or XAF), and our VAT receivable as well as certain liabilities in Gabon are also denominated in XAF. A weakening U.S. dollar will have the effect of increasing costs while a strengthening U.S. dollar will have the effect of reducing costs. For our VAT receivable in Gabon, a strengthening U.S. dollar will have the effect of decreasing the value of this receivable resulting in foreign exchange losses, and vice versa. The Gabon local currency is tied to the Euro. The exchange rate between the Euro and the U.S. dollar has historically fluctuated in response to international political conditions, general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control. As of September 30, 2023, we had net monetary assets of $29.6 million (XAF 18,384.4 million) denominated in XAF. A 10% weakening of the CFA relative to the U.S. dollar would have a $2.7 million reduction in the value of these net assets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had expenditures of approximately $14.3 million and $38.8 million, respectively, (net to VAALCO), denominated in XAF.   Related to our Canadian operations, our currency exchange risk relates primarily to certain cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, lease obligations and accounts payable and accrued liabilities denominated in Canadian dollars. We estimate that a 10% decrease in the value of the Canadian dollar against the US dollar would increase the value of the net assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 by approximately $0.5 million. Conversely, a 10% increase in the value of the Canadian dollar against the US dollar would decrease the value of the net assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 by approximately $0.6 million.    We are also exposed to foreign currency exchange risk on cash balances denominated in Egyptian pounds. Some collections of accounts receivable from the Egyptian Government are received in Egyptian pounds, and while we are generally able to use the Egyptian pounds received on accounts payable denominated in Egyptian pounds, there remains foreign currency exchange risk exposure on Egyptian pound cash balances. Using month-end cash balances converted at month-end foreign exchange rates at September 30, 2023, we estimate that a 10% increase in the value of the Egyptian pound against the US dollar would increase the cash value for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 by $0.8 million. Conversely, a 10% decrease in the value of the Egyptian pound against the US dollar would decrease our US dollar cash value for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 by $0.6 million.   COUNTERPARTY RISK   We are exposed to market risk on our open derivative instruments related to potential nonperformance by our counterparty. To mitigate this risk, we enter into such derivative contracts with creditworthy financial institutions deemed by management as competent and competitive market makers.   COMMODITY PRICE RISK   Our major market risk exposure continues to be the prices received for our crude oil and natural gas production. Sales prices are primarily driven by the prevailing market prices applicable to our production. Market prices for crude oil and natural gas have been volatile and unpredictable in recent years, and this volatility may continue. Sustained low crude oil and natural gas prices or a resumption of the decreases in crude oil and natural gas prices could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, the carrying value of our proved reserves, our undeveloped leasehold interests and our ability to borrow funds and to obtain additional capital on attractive terms.    37 Table of Contents   With respect to our crude oil sales in Gabon, the price received is based on Dated Brent prices plus or minus a differential. If crude oil sales were to remain constant at the most recent quarterly sales volumes of 665 MBbls, a $5 per Bbl decrease in crude oil price would be expected to cause a $3.3 million decrease per quarter in revenues and operating income (loss) and a $3.0 million decrease per quarter in net income (loss).   Egypt production is based on Dated Brent prices, less a quality differential and is shared with the Egyptian government through PSCs. When the price of oil increases, it takes fewer barrels to recover costs (cost oil or cost recovery barrels) which are assigned 100% to the Company. The PSCs provide for cost recovery per quarter up to a maximum percentage of total production. Timing differences often exist between VAALCO’s recognition of costs and their recovery as VAALCO accounts for costs on an accrual basis, whereas cost recovery is determined on a cash basis. If the eligible cost recovery is less than the maximum defined cost recovery, the difference is defined as "excess". In Egypt, depending on the PSCs, our share of excess ranges between 5% and 15%. If the eligible cost recovery exceeds the maximum allowed percentage, the unclaimed cost recovery is carried forward to the next quarter. Typically, maximum cost oil ranges from 25% to 40% in Egypt. The balance of the production after maximum cost recovery is shared with the government (profit oil). Depending on the contract, the Egyptian government receives 67% to 84% of the profit oil. Production sharing splits are set in each contract for the life of the contract. Typically, the government’s share of profit oil increases when production exceeds pre-set production levels in the respective contracts. During times of high oil prices, the Company may receive less cost oil and may receive more profit-sharing oil. During times of lower oil prices, the Company receives more cost oil and may receive less profit oil.   With respect to our crude oil and NGL sales in Canada, the prices received is based on NYMEX WTI (west Texas Intermediate) prices plus or minus a differential. Natural gas sales are based on Canadian index price that whose price is based, in part. on the NYMEX Henry Hub Natural Gas futures contracts. If Canadian BOE sales were to remain constant at the most recent quarterly sales volumes of 209 MBbls, a $5 per Bbl decrease in crude oil price would be expected to cause a $1.0 million decrease per quarter in revenues and operating income (loss) and a $0.8 million decrease per quarter in net income (loss).   As of September 30, 2023, we had unexpired derivative instruments outstanding covering approximately 705 MBbls of production through June 30 , 2024.  These instruments were intended to be an economic hedge against declines in crude oil prices; however, they were not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. See Note 8 to the Financial Statements for further discussion.   Interest Rate RISK   Changes in market interest rates affect the amount of interest owed on outstanding balances under our Facility. However, as of September 30, 2023 we had no amounts drawn under the facility. The commitment fees on the undrawn availability under the Facility are not subject to changes in interest rates. Additionally, changes in market interest rates could impact interest costs associated with any future debt issuances.   ITEM   4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES   EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES   We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The evaluation was performed with the participation of senior management, under the supervision of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer. Based on their evaluation as of September 30, 2023, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level due to the material weaknesses in control over financial reporting previously disclosed in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.   Notwithstanding the identified material weaknesses, management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, believes the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly represent in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP.   38 Table of Contents   MANAGEMENT ’ S PLAN FOR REMEDIATION OF THE MATERIAL WEAKNESS   As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses mentioned above. The weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of the material weaknesses will be completed prior to the end of fiscal year 2023.   CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING   Except for the activities taken related to the remediation of the material weaknesses described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.     PART II. OTHER INFORMATION   ITEM   1.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS   We are subject to litigation claims and governmental and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. It is management’s opinion that none of the claims and litigation we are currently involved in are material to our business.   ITEM   1A.   RISK FACTORS   Our business faces many risks. Any of the risks discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our other SEC filings could have a material impact on our business, financial position or results of operations. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business operations.   For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 2022 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those described in our 2022 Form 10-K.     ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS   Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities   There were no sales of unregistered securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that were not previously reported on a Current Report on Form 8-K.   Issuer Repurchases of Common Stock   On November 1, 2022, we announced that our board of directors formally ratified and approved the share buyback program ("the Plan") that was announced on August 8, 2022 in conjunction with our business combination with TransGlobe. The board of directors also directed management to implement the Plan to facilitate share purchases through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The Plan provides for an aggregate purchase of currently outstanding common stock up to $30 million over up to 20 months. Payment for shares repurchased under the share buyback program will be funded using our cash on hand and cash flow from operations.   39 Table of Contents   The following table represents details of the various repurchases under the Plan during the quarter ended September 30, 2023:   Period   Total Number of Shares Purchased     Average Price Paid per Share     Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs     Maximum Amount that May Yet Be Used to Purchase Shares Under the Program   July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023     505,720     $ 3.96       505,720     $ 15,504,180   August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023     435,342     $ 4.61       435,342     $ 13,505,242   September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023     462,300     $ 4.31       462,300     $ 11,514,870   Total     1,403,362               1,403,362             See Note 10 to the Financial Statements for further discussion.   Subsequent to September 30, 2023 and through November 3,  2023, the following table represents the details of various repurchases under the Plan:   Period   Total Number of Shares Purchased     Average Price Paid per Share     Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs     Maximum Amount that May Yet Be Used to Purchase Shares Under the Program   October 1, 2023 - October 31, 2023     491,869     $ 4.07       491,869     $ 9,515,101   November 1, 2023 - November 3, 2023     63,873     $ 4.48       63,873     $ 9,229,122   Total     555,742               555,742                 ITEM   5.   OTHER INFORMATION   During the three months ended September 30, 2023 , none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a - 1 (f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5 - 1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5 - 1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act)   40 Table of Contents     ITEM   6.   EXHIBITS   (a) Exhibits   3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation as amended through May 7, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference). 3.1.1 Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of VAALCO, dated October 13, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 13, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference). 3.2 Third Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated July 30, 2020 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’ s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference). 3.3 Certificate of Elimination of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of VAALCO Energy, Inc., dated as of December 22, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company ’ s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 31.1(a) Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 certification of Principal Executive Officer. 31.2(a) Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 certification of Principal Financial Officer. 32.1(b) Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906 certification of Principal Executive Officer. 32.2(b) Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906 certification of Principal Financial Officer. 101.INS(a) Inline XBRL Instance Document. 101.SCH(a) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document. 101.CAL(a) Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF(a) Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document. 101.LAB(a) Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE(a) Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document. 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (Formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).   (a) Filed herewith (b) Furnished herewith    41 Table of Contents   SIGNATURE   Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.   VAALCO ENERGY, INC. (Registrant)         By : /s/ Ronald Bain     Ronald Bain     Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)     Dated: November 7 , 202 3    42