Data Storage Corp 10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31 , 2023 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _____________to____________________________ Commission File No. 000-54579 DATA STORAGE CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Nevada 98-0530147 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 48 South Service Road Melville , NY 11747 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 564-4922 Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share DTST The Nasdaq Capital Market Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share DTSTW The Nasdaq Capital Market Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (Title of class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 5(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company and an “emerging growth company”. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 1 Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to Section 240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the Company’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $ 10,380,861 . The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March 27, 2024, was 6,919,950 . Documents incorporated by reference: None 2 Data Storage Corporation Table of Contents PART I 4 ITEM 1. BUSINESS 6 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 11 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 27 ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY 27 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES 28 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 28 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 28 PART II 29 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 29 ITEM 6. RESERVED 29 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION 29 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 37 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 37 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 38 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 38 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION 38 ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS 38 PART III 39 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 39 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 44 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 48 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTION, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 49 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 50 PART IV 51 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 51 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY 51 3 PART I Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in Part I, Item 1. “Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” but are also contained elsewhere in this Annual Report in some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” and similar expressions. These statements are based on our current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed, projected or implied in or by the forward-looking statements. You should refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Data Storage,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Company,” refer to Data Storage Corporation and its subsidiaries. Summary Risk Factors Risks Related to Data Storage’s Business ● The Company has not generated a significant amount of net income and it may not be able to sustain profitability in the future. ● If the Company is unable to attract new customers to its infrastructure and disaster recovery/cloud subscription services on a cost-effective basis, its revenue and operating results would be adversely affected. ● The Company expects to continue to acquire or invest in other companies, which may divert its management’s attention, result in additional dilution to its stockholders, and consume resources that are necessary to sustain its business. ● Integration of an acquired company’s operations may present challenges. ● We may not realize the anticipated benefits of the merger with Flagship or successfully integrate our businesses. ● The Company may fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of its consolidated financial statements or cause it to fail to meet its periodic reporting obligations. ● The Company is controlled by three principal stockholders who serve as its executive officers and directors. Risks Related to the Company’s Industry ● The market for cloud solutions is highly competitive, and if the Company does not compete effectively, its operating results will be harmed. ● If a cyberattack was able to breach the Company’s security protocols and disrupt its data protection platform and solutions and any such disruption could increase its expenses, damage its reputation, harm its business and adversely affect its stock price. 4 ● Any significant disruption in service, in the Company’s computer systems, or caused by its third-party storage and system providers could damage its reputation and result in a loss of customers, which would harm its business, financial condition, and operating results. ● The Company’s ability to provide services to its customers depends on its customers’ continued high-speed access to the internet and the continued reliability of the internet infrastructure. ● If the Company is unable to retain its existing customers, its business, financial condition, and operating results would be adversely affected. ● A decline in demand for the Company’s cyber security, disaster recovery, and/or infrastructure solutions, in general, would cause its revenue to decline. ● The Company primarily depends upon third-party distribution companies to generate new customers. The Company’s relationships with its partners and distributors may be terminated or may not continue to be beneficial in generating new customers, which could adversely affect its ability to increase its customer base. ● If the Company is unable to expand its base of business customers, its future growth and operating results could be adversely affected. ● If the Company is unable to sustain market recognition of and loyalty to its brand, or if its reputation were to be harmed, it could lose customers or fail to increase the number of its customers, which could harm its business, financial condition, and operating results. ● The Company is subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations would harm its business. ● The Company’s solutions are used by customers in the health care industry, and it must comply with numerous federal and state laws related to patient privacy in connection with providing its solutions to these customers. ● Errors, failures, bugs in or unavailability of the Company’s solutions released by it could result in negative publicity, damage to its brand, returns, loss of or delay in market acceptance of its solutions, loss of competitive position, or claims by customers or others. ● The Company faces many risks associated with its growth and plans to expand, which could harm its business, financial condition, and operating results. ● The Company’s intended international expansion will subject it to risks typically encountered when operating internationally. ● The loss of the Company’s key personnel, or its failure to attract, integrate, and retain other highly qualified personnel, could harm its business and growth prospects. Risks Related to Intellectual Property ● Assertions by a third party that the Company’s solutions infringe its intellectual property, whether correct, could subject the Company to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses. ● The Company relies on third-party software to develop and provide its solutions, including server software and licenses from third parties to use patented intellectual property. ● If the Company is unable to protect its domain names, its reputation, brand, customer base, and revenue, as well as its business and operating results, could be adversely affected. 5 Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock and Securities ● The Company’s stock price has fluctuated in the past and may be volatile in the future, and as a result, investors in its common stock could incur substantial losses. ● We cannot be assured that we will be able to maintain our listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. ● Upon exercise of the Company’s outstanding options or warrants, it will be obligated to issue a substantial number of additional shares of common stock which will dilute its present shareholders. ● Offers or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of the Company’s common stock may cause the price of its common stock to decline. ● The Company does not expect to declare any common stock cash dividends in the foreseeable future. ● Because the Company may issue preferred stock without the approval of its shareholders and have other anti-takeover defenses, it may be more difficult for a third party to acquire the Company and could depress its stock price. ● Provisions of Nevada law could delay or prevent an acquisition of Data Storage, even if the acquisition would be beneficial to its stockholders and could make it more difficult for stockholders to change Data Storage’s management. ITEM 1. BUSINESS Company Overview Data Storage Corporation (“DSC,” “Data Storage” or the “Company”), based in Melville, New York, leverages its expertise through its three subsidiaries: CloudFirst Technologies Corporation (formerly DSC), Flagship Solutions, LLC, and Nexxis Inc. Catering to diverse sectors such as healthcare, banking, manufacturing, and government, DSC delivers a suite of IT services, including disaster recovery, cloud infrastructure, cybersecurity, managed services and dedicated internet access and UCaaS / Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services. The Company’s approach involves long-term subscription models, robust business development, and expansive distribution networks. In 2023, following a capital infusion and its Nasdaq listing in May 2021, DSC embarked on a growth trajectory, enhancing its distribution, marketing capabilities, and technological infrastructure. This strategic expansion is aimed at reinforcing the Company’s position in the evolving IT landscape, where there’s a marked shift towards multi-cloud technologies and cybersecurity solutions. Market Opportunity and Strategic Focus Recognizing the urgent need for reliable and efficient IT solutions, DSC is tapping into the growing demand for managed cloud and cybersecurity services. With CloudFirst Technologies positioned in a $36 billion annual recurring revenue market in the U.S. and Canada, the Company is at the forefront of addressing critical IT challenges with limited competition. DSC’s offerings are designed to support a spectrum of needs from cloud-based IBM Power System deployments for critical workloads to comprehensive disaster recovery and cybersecurity protections. The focus is on hybrid cloud deployments, ensuring data and workloads remain secure against various threats. 6 Operational Footprint DSC operates from key locations in New York, Florida, and Texas, with technology centers and labs designed to meet sophisticated client requirements. The Company boasts a network of six geographically diverse data centers across the U.S. and Canada, ensuring resilient and scalable IT solutions. Solutions and Services The Company’s core offerings include disaster recovery and business continuity, managed cloud services, and a comprehensive suite of cybersecurity solutions. From initial cloud migration to ongoing management, DSC ensures seamless operation of client applications and workloads in a multi-cloud environment. The Company’s success is underscored by a client subscription renewal rate. Growth and Innovation Driven by a commitment to innovation and client satisfaction, DSC continues to refine its service offerings and expand its market reach. The Company’s strategic growth is supported by a team of solution architects and business development professionals dedicated to solving complex business challenges and fostering long-term client relationships. Through a blend of organic growth strategies and targeted expansion efforts, DSC is poised to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the dynamic IT landscape. Growth Strategies and Core Services Growth Strategies Data Storage Corporation aims to enhance revenue streams and market presence by: ● Broadening distribution channels and bolstering digital and direct marketing efforts. ● Leveraging social and digital platforms for lead generation. ● Pursuing synergistic acquisitions to expand distribution, innovate technology trends, augment the technical team, and achieve economies of scale to improve gross profit margins. ● Fostering a diverse network of distribution partners, including IBM Business Partners, Software Vendors, IT Resellers, Managed Service Providers, and other cloud infrastructure providers, to create collaborative solutions and marketing initiatives. ● Targeting global expansion to tap into the increasing demand for multi-cloud solutions worldwide. 7 Core Services Data Storage Corporation provides a comprehensive suite of multi-cloud IT solutions, ensuring high security and enterprise-level services for clients using IBM Power Systems, Microsoft Windows, and Linux. Key service areas include: ● Cyber Security Solutions: ezSecurity™, offering comprehensive security solutions for endpoint security, system assessments, risk analysis, and IBM system protection, including Ransomware defense. ● Data Protection and Recovery Solutions: ezVault™ for offsite data protection, ezRecovery™ for fast data recovery, ezAvailability™ for real-time data replication with minimal recovery objectives, and ezMirror™ for data mirroring at the storage level. ● Cloud Hosted Production Systems: ezHost™ delivers managed cloud services, providing scalable resources for smooth operation of client workloads with predictable costs. ● Voice & Data Solutions: Nexxis specializes in VoIP, Internet Access, and Data Transport solutions, including dedicated internet services, SD-WAN options, and a cloud-based PBX solution integrated with Microsoft Teams for business continuity. These strategies and services position Data Storage Corporation for sustained growth by meeting the evolving needs of its clients and capitalizing on market opportunities. Corporate History Summary Data Storage Corporation, a Delaware corporation, founded in 2001, became a subsidiary of Data Storage Corporation, a Nevada Corporation (“Data Storage Corporation Nevada”), in 2008. Data Storage Corporation Nevada, initially known as Euro Trend Inc., was founded on October 20, 2008, marking its start with a share exchange transaction. The Company underwent a name change to its current identity post-acquisition. Key Milestones: ● June 2010: Acquired SafeData, LLC, expanding its disaster recovery and data protection services. ● October 2012: Acquired Message Logic LLC, enhancing its data management and analytics capabilities. ● November 2012: Partnered with ABC Services, Inc. to launch Secure Infrastructure & Services LLC (SIAS), offering for the first time IBM Power multi-tenant cloud infrastructure services. ● October 2016: Completed the acquisition of the remaining shares of ABC Services, Inc., fully integrating the SIAS offerings. ● June 1, 2021: Merged with Flagship Solutions, LLC, an IBM Gold Business Partner, further expanding its service offerings and solidifying its market leadership in business continuity, disaster recovery, and IBM Power cloud infrastructure solutions. These strategic acquisitions and partnerships have established Data Storage Corporation as a key player in cloud infrastructure and disaster recovery sectors, offering a comprehensive suite of solutions to meet the evolving needs of its clients. 8 Competitive Landscape and Corporate Developments Summary Competitive Landscape Data Storage Corporation operates in a competitive market dominated by giants like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google, and Microsoft, which control approximately 51% of the X86 cloud infrastructure and disaster recovery platforms. Despite the fierce competition, the Company finds a niche market within the IBM Power community, where an estimated 15% have transitioned to cloud solutions, offering significant growth opportunities. The Company’s cybersecurity solutions, while facing numerous competitors, are distinctively tailored for existing clients and distribution networks. Key competitive factors include pricing, product features, performance, quality, reliability, software partnerships, marketing and distribution capabilities, and the Company’s reputation. Data Storage Corporation focuses on expanding its market reach globally, especially within the disaster recovery and cloud infrastructure sectors, primarily catering to the IBM end user community. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, approximately 22% of our revenue was derived from two customers. Corporate Developments ● Flagship Solutions, LLC Merger: On June 1, 2021, the Company finalized the merger with Flagship Solutions, LLC, enhancing its offerings in IBM equipment, managed services, and cloud solutions. This strategic move bolsters the Company’s position in server monitoring, management, and data center infrastructure management. ● Leadership Changes: Post-merger, Mark Wyllie was appointed as CEO of Flagship Solutions, LLC, with an agreement guaranteeing his obligations by Data Storage Corporation. Thomas Kempster succeeded Mark Wyllie as President of Flagship Solutions Group following Mark Wyllie’s resignation on October 28, 2022. These developments highlight Data Storage Corporation’s strategic efforts to strengthen its market position, expand its service offerings, and navigate through competitive and financial challenges successfully. Government Regulation Summary Data Storage Corporation operates within a complex and evolving regulatory landscape, governed by a multitude of federal, state, local, and international privacy laws. These laws regulate the Company’s handling of personal and customer data, reflecting the growing importance of privacy in the digital age. Compliance with these regulations is critical, as failure to do so could result in legal action, loss of customer trust, and negative impacts on the Company’s reputation and operations. 9 Key Regulatory Frameworks: ● General Compliance: The Company is committed to adhering to industry standards and the various privacy policies and obligations it holds towards third parties. This includes compliance with laws and regulations related to the protection and handling of personal information and customer data. ● Healthcare Sector Compliance: Particularly significant is the Company’s compliance with health-related privacy laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH). These regulations mandate strict controls over the handling of health information to protect patient privacy. ● Business Associate Agreements (BAAs): For healthcare clients, the Company enters into BAAs that outline the permissible uses of health information, ensure the protection of this data through appropriate safeguards, and require notification of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Compliance Measures Include: ● Ensuring that the use or disclosure of personal health information aligns with the restrictions and permissions defined in BAAs. ● Implementing robust administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect personal information. ● Obligating the Company to report any unauthorized information use or disclosure to the client. ● Permitting termination of the service by clients if the Company breaches BAA terms and cannot rectify the breach. ● Mandating the return or destruction of all personal health information upon the termination of a client’s subscription. The regulatory environment for Data Storage Corporation is marked by rapid changes and requires continuous vigilance to ensure compliance. As privacy regulations evolve, the Company may need to adjust its services and practices to remain compliant, thereby safeguarding its reputation and facilitating the development of new and innovative services that respect customer privacy. Human Capital Resources Summary Data Storage Corporation attributes its success to the skill and dedication of its workforce, consisting of 51 full-time and one part-time employees as of March 27, 2024. The team is diverse, with roles across executive management, administration, finance, sales, marketing, and a robust technical team, complemented by independent contractors for service support and installations as needed. The Company has no collective bargaining agreements in place and maintains a positive relationship with its employees. Key aspects of our human capital management include: ● Employee Composition: The workforce includes six in executive management, six in administration and finance, nine in sales, four in marketing, and twenty-seven in technical roles. ● Compensation Strategy: Compensation programs are performance-aligned to incentivize both short-term and long-term achievements, aiming to attract, retain, and motivate talent. ● Health and Safety: Employee health and safety are paramount, underscoring the Company’s commitment to its staff and operational philosophy. 10 Corporate Information Office Location: The Company is based at 48 South Service Road, Suite 203, Melville, NY 11747. Available Information: Official filings with the SEC, including the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and any amendments, are accessible for free on the Company’s website (www.dtst.com) under the Investor Relations section following their SEC submission. The content on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report or any other SEC filings. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Investing in the Company’s common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks together with the other information in this Annual Report. Risks Related to Data Storage’s Business The Company has not generated a significant amount of net income and it may not be able to sustain profitability in the future. As reflected in the consolidated financial statements, the Company had net income attributable to common shareholders of $381,575 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and a net loss attributable to common shareholders of $4,356,802 for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had cash of $1,428,730, marketable securities of $11,318,196, and working capital of $11,011,407. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to generate income in the future. If the Company is unable to attract new customers to its infrastructure and disaster recovery/cloud subscription services on a cost-effective basis, its revenue and operating results would be adversely affected. The Company generates the majority of its revenue from the sale of subscriptions to its infrastructure and disaster recovery/cloud solutions as well as contracted managed services and software and hardware renewals. In order to grow, the Company must continue to reach the many businesses in need of our unique services, many of whom may have not previously used infrastructure as a service and cloud disaster recovery backup solutions. The Company uses and periodically adjusts a diverse mix of advertising and marketing programs to promote its solutions. Significant increases in the pricing of one or more of the Company’s advertising channels would increase its advertising costs or cause it to choose less expensive and perhaps fewer effective channels. As the Company adds to or changes the mix of its advertising and marketing strategies, it may expand into channels with significantly higher costs than its current programs, which could adversely affect its operating results. The Company may incur advertising and marketing expenses significantly in advance of the time it anticipates recognizing any revenue generated by such expenses, and it may only at a later date, or never, experience an increase in revenue or brand awareness as a result of such expenditures. Additionally, because the Company recognizes revenue from customers over the terms of their subscriptions, a large portion of its revenue for each quarter reflects deferred revenue from subscriptions entered into during previous quarters, and downturns or upturns in subscription sales or renewals may not be reflected in the Company’s operating results until later periods. It has made in the past, and may make in the future, significant investments to test new advertising, and there can be no assurance that any such investments will lead to the cost-effective acquisition of additional customers. If the Company is unable to maintain effective advertising programs, its ability to attract new customers could be adversely affected, its advertising and marketing expenses could increase substantially, and its operating results may suffer. 11 A portion of the Company’s potential customers locate its website through search engines, such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo!. The Company’s ability to maintain the number of visitors directed to its website is not entirely within its control. If search engine companies modify their search algorithms in a manner that reduces the prominence of the Company’s listing, or if its competitors’ search engine optimization efforts are more successful than the Company’s, fewer potential customers may click through to its website. In addition, the cost of purchased listings has increased in the past and may increase in the future. A decrease in website traffic or an increase in search costs could adversely affect the Company’s customer acquisition efforts and its operating results. The Company expects to continue to acquire or invest in other companies, which may divert its management’s attention, result in additional dilution to its stockholders, and consume resources that are necessary to sustain its business. Having completed the merger with Flagship, the Company expects to continue to acquire complementary solutions, services, technologies, or businesses in the future. The Company may also enter into relationships with other businesses to expand its portfolio of solutions or its ability to provide its solutions in foreign jurisdictions, which could involve preferred or exclusive licenses, additional channels of distribution, discount pricing, or investments in other companies. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult, and expensive, and its ability to complete these transactions may often be subject to conditions or approvals that are beyond its control. Consequently, these transactions, even if a definitive purchase agreement is executed and announced, may not close. Acquisitions may also disrupt the Company’s business, divert its resources, and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for the development of its business. Moreover, the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment, or business relationship may not be realized on a timely basis or at all or the Company may be exposed to known or unknown liabilities, including litigation against the companies that it may acquire. In connection with any such transaction, the Company may: ● issue additional equity securities that would dilute its stockholders; ● use cash that the Company may need in the future to operate its business; ● incur debt on terms unfavorable to the Company, that it may be unable to repay, or that may place burdensome restrictions on its operations; ● incur large charges or substantial liabilities; or ● become subject to adverse tax consequences or substantial depreciation, deferred compensation, or other acquisition-related accounting charges. Any of these risks could harm the Company’s business and operating results. Integration of an acquired company’s operations may present challenges. The integration of an acquired company requires, among other things, coordination of administrative, sales and marketing, accounting and finance functions, and expansion of information and management systems. Integration may prove to be difficult due to the necessity of coordinating geographically separate organizations and integrating personnel with disparate business backgrounds and accustomed to different corporate cultures. The Company may not be able to retain key employees of an acquired company. Additionally, the process of integrating a new solution or service may require a disproportionate amount of time and attention of the Company’s management and financial and other resources. Any difficulties or problems encountered in the integration of a new solution or service could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. The Company intends to continue to acquire businesses that it believes will help achieve its business objectives. As a result, the Company’s operating costs will likely continue to grow. The integration of an acquired company may cost more than the Company anticipates, and it is possible that the Company will incur significant additional unforeseen costs in connection with such integration, which may negatively impact its earnings. 12 In addition, the Company may only be able to conduct limited due diligence on an acquired company’s operations. Following an acquisition, the Company may be subject to liabilities arising from an acquired company’s past or present operations, including liabilities related to data security, encryption and privacy of customer data, and these liabilities may be greater than the warranty and indemnity limitations that the Company negotiates. Any liability that is greater than these warranty and indemnity limitations could have a negative impact on the Company’s financial condition. Even if successfully integrated, there can be no assurance that the Company’s operating performance after an acquisition will be successful or will fulfill management’s objectives. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of the merger with Flagship or successfully integrate our businesses On May 31, 2021, the Company completed the Merger. The Company expects that Flagship’s business will be synergistic with its existing IBM business and anticipates meaningful operation efficiency and that the Merger will provide a comprehensive one-stop provider to cross-sell solutions across each organization’s respective enterprise, as well as middle-market customers. Key offerings for the combined companies are expected to include a wide array of multi-cloud information technology solutions in highly secure, reliable enterprise level cloud services for companies using IBM Power systems, Microsoft Windows, and Linux, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Disaster Recovery of digital information as a Service (DRaaS), and Cyber Security as a Service (CSaaS). Since having completed the merger, however, the Company still faces risks and unknowns associated with the Merger. Ultimately, the Company may not realize the anticipated benefits of the merger with Flagship and integrating and operating Data Storage’s and Flagship’s business may be more difficult, time-consuming, or costly than expected. Additionally, integrating and operating the Flagship business could result in higher capital expenditures than anticipated, which could result in the Company’s need to raise additional capital for its operations. The Company may fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of its consolidated financial statements or cause it to fail to meet its periodic reporting obligations. As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 requires an annual management assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The rules governing the standards that must be met for management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing, and possible remediation. The Company previously identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting, concluding that its disclosure controls were not effective, based on material weaknesses which ultimately contributed to the Company not designing and maintaining formal controls to analyze, account for, and disclose complex transactions, including the accounting for certain consideration received from a vendor. These material weaknesses resulted in the restatement of the Company’s previously filed quarterly condensed consolidated financial information for the period ended June 30, 2022, related to accrued expenses, cost of goods sold, gross profit, loss from operations, net loss, earnings per share and the related disclosures. As of March 31, 2023, the material weaknesses has been remediated. In response to such material weaknesses, management has expended and will continue to expand a substantial amount of effort and resources for the remediation of material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. In November of 2022, management and its advisors began evaluating and documenting the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, and their work is ongoing. The Company can give no assurance that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. The Company’s failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in its consolidated financial statements that could result in a restatement of its financial statements and could cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations, any of which could diminish investor confidence in the Company and cause a decline in the price of its common stock. The Company is controlled by three principal stockholders who serve as its executive officers and directors. As of March 27, 2024, through their aggregate voting power, Messrs. Piluso, Schwartz and Kempster control approximately 37% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, giving them the ability to control a significant portion of the votes for the Company’s directors and all other matters requiring the approval of its stockholders, including the election of all its directors and the approval of a reverse stock split. 13 Risks Related to the Company’s Industry The market for cloud solutions is highly competitive, and if the Company does not compete effectively, its operating results will be harmed. The market for the Company’s services is highly competitive, quickly evolving and subject to rapid changes in technology. The Company expects to continue to face intense competition from its existing competitors as well as additional competition from new market entrants in the future as the market for its services continues to grow. The Company competes with cloud backup and infrastructure providers and providers of traditional hardware-based systems and IBM Power Systems. Its current and potential competitors vary by size, service offerings, and geographic region. These competitors may elect to partner with each other or with focused companies to grow their businesses. They include: ● in-house IT departments of its customers and potential customers; ● traditional global infrastructure providers, including, but not limited to, large multi-national providers, such as IBM, Microsoft, Google, and Amazon Web Services (AWS); ● cloud and software service providers and digital systems integrators; ● regional managed services providers; and ● colocation solutions providers, such as Equinix, Rackspace and TierPoint. Many of these competitors benefit from significant competitive advantages over the Company, given their desire to enter this niche marketplace, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more varied services, and larger marketing budgets, as well as greater financial, technical, and other resources. In addition, many of these competitors have established marketing relationships and major distribution agreements with computer manufacturers, internet service providers, and resellers, giving them access to larger customer bases. Some of these competitors may make acquisitions or enter strategic relationships to offer a more comprehensive service than the Company does. As a result, some of these competitors may be able to: ● develop superior products or services, gain greater market acceptance, and expand their service offerings more efficiently or more rapidly; ● adapt to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements more quickly; ● bundle their offerings, including hosting services with other services they provide at reduced prices; ● streamline their operational structure, obtain better pricing, or secure more favorable contractual terms, allowing them to deliver services and products at a lower cost; ● take advantage of acquisition, joint ventures, and other opportunities more readily; ● adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the promotion, marketing, and sales of their services, which could cause us to have to lower prices for certain services to remain competitive in the market; and ● devote greater resources to the research and development of their products and services. In addition, demand for the Company’s cloud solutions is sensitive to price. Many factors, including the Company’s customer acquisition, advertising and technology costs, and its current and future competitors’ pricing and marketing strategies, can significantly affect its pricing strategies. Certain of the Company’s competitors offer, or may in the future offer, lower-priced or free solutions that compete with its solutions. 14 Additionally, consolidation activity through strategic mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures may result in new competitors that can offer a broader range of products and services, may have a greater scale or a lower cost structure. To the extent such consolidation results in the ability of vertically integrated companies to offer more integrated services to customers than the Company can, customers may prefer the single-source approach and direct more business to such competitors, thereby impairing the Company’s competitive position. Furthermore, new entrants not currently considered to be competitors may enter the market through acquisitions, partnerships, or strategic relationships. As the Company looks to market and sell its services to potential customers, the Company must convince its internal stakeholders that the Company’s services are superior to their current solutions. If the Company is unable to anticipate or react to these competitive challenges, its competitive position would weaken, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations. These combinations may make it more difficult for the Company to compete effectively and its inability to compete effectively would negatively impact its operating results. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be forced to engage in price-cutting initiatives, or to increase its advertising and other expenses to attract and retain customers in response to competitive pressures, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s revenue and operating results. If a cyberattack was able to breach the Company’s security protocols and disrupt its data protection platform and solutions, any such disruption could increase its expenses, damage its reputation, harm its business and adversely affect its stock price. The Company has implemented various protocols and regularly monitors its systems via security software to reduce any security vulnerabilities. The Company also relies on third-party providers for several critical aspects of its infrastructure cloud and disaster recovery business continuity services, and consequently, it does not maintain direct control over the security or stability of those associated systems. Furthermore, the firmware, software, and/or open-source software that its data protection solutions may utilize could be susceptible to hacking or misuse. In the event of the discovery of a significant security vulnerability, the Company would incur additional substantial expenses and its business would be harmed. The process of developing new technologies is complex and uncertain, and if the Company fails to accurately predict customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends or if the Company fails to achieve the benefits expected from its investments, its business could be harmed. The Company believes that it must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to its research and development efforts to maintain its competitive position and it must commit significant resources to develop new solutions before knowing whether its investments will result in solutions the market will accept. The Company’s new solutions or solution enhancements could fail to attain sufficient market acceptance or harm its business for many reasons, including: ● delays in releasing its new solutions or enhancements to the market; ● failure to accurately predict market demand or customer demands; ● inability to protect against new types of attacks or techniques used by hackers; ● difficulties with software development, design, or marketing that could delay or prevent its development, introduction, or implementation of new solutions and enhancements; ● defects, errors or failures in its design or performance; ● negative publicity about its performance or effectiveness; ● introduction or anticipated introduction of competing solutions by its competitors; ● poor business conditions for its customers, causing them to delay information technology purchases; ● the perceived value of its solutions or enhancements relative to their cost; and ● easing of regulatory requirements around security or storage. 15 In addition, new technologies have the risk of defects that may not be discovered until after the product launches, resulting in adverse publicity, loss of revenue or harm to the Company’s business and reputation. Any significant disruption in service in the Company’s computer systems, or caused by its third-party storage and system providers, could damage its reputation and result in a loss of customers, which would harm its business, financial condition, and operating results. The Company’s reputation, and ability to attract, retain and serve its customers is dependent upon the reliable performance of its network infrastructure and payment systems, and its customers’ ability to readily access their stored files. The Company has experienced interruptions in these systems in the past, including server failures that temporarily slowed down its customers’ ability to access their stored files, or made the Company’s infrastructure inaccessible, and it may experience interruptions or outages in the future. In addition, while the Company both operates and maintains elements of network infrastructure, some elements of this complex system are operated by third parties that the Company does not control and that would require significant time to replace. The Company expects this dependence on third parties to increase. In particular, the Company utilizes IBM and Intel to provide equipment and support. All of these third-party systems are located in data center facilities operated by third parties. While these data centers are of the highest level, Tier 3, there can be no assurance that they will not experience disruptions that will adversely impact the Company’s ability to service its customers. The Company’s data center leases expire at various times between 2023 and 2024 with rights of extension. If the Company were unable to renew these agreements on commercially reasonable terms, it may be required to transfer that portion of its computing and storage capacity to new data center facilities, and it may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so. The Company also relies upon third-party colocation providers to host its main servers. If these providers are unable to handle current or higher volumes of use, experience any interruption in operations or cease operations for any reason or if the Company is unable to agree on satisfactory terms for continued hosting relationships, the Company would be forced to enter into a relationship with other service providers or assume hosting responsibilities itself. If the Company is forced to switch data center facilities, which in itself is a competitive industry, it may not be successful in finding an alternative service provider on acceptable terms or in hosting the computer servers itself. The Company may also be limited in its remedies against these providers in the event of a failure of service. Interruptions, outages and/or failures in the Company’s own systems, the third-party systems and facilities on which we rely, or the use of its data center facilities, whether due to system failures, computer viruses, cybersecurity attacks, physical or electronic break-ins, damage or interruption from human error, power losses, natural disasters or terrorist attacks, hardware failures, systems failures, telecommunications failures or other factors, could affect the security or availability of infrastructure, prevent the Company from being able to continuously back up its customers’ data or its customers from accessing their stored data, and may damage or delete its customers’ stored files. If this were to occur, the Company’s reputation could be compromised, and it could be subject to liability to the customers that were affected. Any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy, faced by the Company’s third-party data center operators, its third-party colocation providers, or any of the service providers with whom the Company or they contract, may have negative effects on its business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. Moreover, if its third-party data center providers or its third-party colocation providers are unable to keep up with the Company’s growing needs for capacity, this could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business. Interruptions in the Company’s services might reduce its revenue, cause it to issue credits or refunds to customers, subject it to potential liability, or harm its renewal rates. In addition, prolonged delays or unforeseen difficulties in connection with adding storage capacity or upgrading its network architecture when required may cause the Company’s service quality to suffer. Problems with the reliability or security of the Company’s systems could harm its reputation, and the cost of remedying these problems could negatively affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results. 16 Security vulnerabilities, data protection breaches and cyberattacks could disrupt the Company’s data protection platform and solutions, and any such disruption could increase its expenses, damage its reputation, harm its business, and adversely affect its stock price. The Company relies on third-party providers for several critical aspects of its infrastructure cloud and disaster recovery business continuity services, and consequently, it does not maintain direct control over the security or stability of the associated systems. Furthermore, the firmware, software and/or open-source software that its data protection solutions may utilize could be susceptible to hacking or misuse. In the event of the discovery of a significant security vulnerability, the Company would incur additional substantial expenses and its business would be harmed. The Company’s customers rely on its solutions for production, replication, and storage of digital copies of their files, including financial records, business information, photos, and other personally meaningful content. The Company also stores credit card information and other personal information about its customers. An actual or perceived breach of the Company’s network security and systems or other cybersecurity related events that cause the loss or public disclosure of, or access by third parties to, its customers’ stored files could have serious negative consequences for its business, including possible fines, penalties and damages, reduced demand for its solutions, an unwillingness of customers to provide the Company with their credit card or payment information, an unwillingness of its customers to use its solutions, harm to its reputation and brand, loss of its ability to accept and process customer credit card orders, and time-consuming and expensive litigation. If this occurs, the Company’s business and operating results could be adversely affected. Third parties may be able to circumvent the Company’s security by deploying viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that are designed to attack or attempt to infiltrate its systems and networks and it may not immediately discover these attacks or attempted infiltrations. Further, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce the Company’s employees, consultants, or affiliates to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to its information or its customers’ information. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, often are not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated or remote areas around the world. As a result, the Company may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or reactionary measures. In addition, employee or consultant error, malfeasance, or other errors in the storage, use, or transmission of personal information could result in a breach of customer or employee privacy. The Company maintains insurance coverage to mitigate the potential financial impact of these risks; however, its insurance may not cover all such events or may be insufficient to compensate it for the potentially significant losses, including the potential damage to the future growth of its business, that may result from the breach of customer or employee privacy. If the Company or its third-party providers are unable to successfully prevent breaches of security relating to its solutions or customer private information, it could result in litigation and potential liability for the Company, cause damage to its brand and reputation, or otherwise harm its business and its stock price. Many states have enacted laws requiring companies to notify consumers of data security breaches involving their personal data. In addition, the SEC now also requires disclosure of material data security breaches. These mandatory disclosures regarding a security breach often lead to widespread negative publicity, which may cause the Company’s customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of its data security measures. Any security breach, whether successful or not, would harm the Company’s reputation and could cause the loss of customers. Similarly, if a publicized breach of data security at any other cloud backup service provider or other major consumer website were to occur, there could be a general public loss of confidence in the use of the internet for cloud backup services or commercial transactions generally. Any of these events could have material adverse effects on the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results. The Company’s ability to provide services to its customers depends on its customers’ continued high-speed access to the internet and the continued reliability of the internet infrastructure. The Company’s business depends on its customers’ continued high-speed access to the internet, as well as the continued maintenance and development of the internet infrastructure. While the Company also provides broadband internet services, many of its clients depend on third-party internet service providers to expand high-speed internet access, to maintain a reliable network with the necessary speed, data capacity, and security, and to develop complementary solutions and services, including high-speed solutions, for providing reliable and timely internet access and services. All of these factors are out of the Company’s control. To the extent that the internet continues to experience an increased number of users, frequency of use, or bandwidth requirements, the internet may become congested and be unable to support the demands placed on it, and its performance or reliability may decline. Any internet outages or delays could adversely affect the Company’s ability to provide services to its customers. 17 Currently, internet access is provided by telecommunications companies and internet access service providers that have significant and increasing market power in the broadband and internet access marketplace. In the absence of government regulation, these providers could take measures that affect their customers’ ability to use the Company’s products and services, such as attempting to charge their customers more for using the Company’s products and services. To the extent that internet service providers implement usage-based pricing, including meaningful bandwidth caps, or otherwise try to monetize access to their networks, the Company could incur greater operating expenses and customer acquisition and retention could be negatively impacted. Furthermore, to the extent network operators were to create tiers of internet access service and either charge the Company for or prohibit the Company’s services from being available to its customers through these tiers, its business could be negatively impacted. Some of these providers also offer products and services that directly compete with the Company’s own offerings, which could potentially give them a competitive advantage. If the Company is unable to retain its existing customers, its business, financial condition, and operating results would be adversely affected. If the Company’s efforts to satisfy its existing customers are not successful, it may not be able to retain them, and as a result, its revenue and ability to grow would be adversely affected. The Company may not be able to accurately predict future trends in customer renewals. Customers choose not to renew their subscriptions for many reasons, including if customer service issues are not satisfactorily resolved, a desire to reduce discretionary spending, or a perception that they do not use the service sufficiently, that the solution is a poor value, or that competitive services provide a better value or experience. If the Company’s approximate 94% retention rate significantly decreases, it may need to increase the rate at which it adds new customers in order to maintain and grow its revenue, which may require it to incur significantly higher advertising and marketing expenses than it currently anticipates, or its revenue may decline. A significant decrease in the Company’s retention rate would therefore have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and operating results. The Company’s estimates of the number of employees it retains, and advertising costs are based to a large extent upon its subscription contracts, which may be terminated by customers typically upon 90 days’ notice prior to the ending term of their contract for services. A decline in demand for the Company’s cyber security, disaster recovery, and/or infrastructure solutions, in general, would cause its revenue to decline. The Company derives, and expects to continue to derive, a significant portion of its revenue from subscription services for business continuity, such as data protection solutions including its disaster recovery backup, replication, archive, and infrastructure as a service offering. Some of the potential factors that could affect interest in and demand for cloud solutions include: ● awareness of the Company’s brand and the cloud solutions category generally; ● the appeal and reliability of the Company’s solutions; ● the price, performance, features, and availability of competing solutions and services; ● public concern regarding privacy and data security; ● the Company’s ability to maintain high levels of customer satisfaction; and ● the rate of growth in cloud solutions generally. In addition, substantially all of the Company’s revenue is currently derived from customers in the U.S. Consequently, a decrease of interest in and demand for the Company’s solutions in the U.S. could have a disproportionately greater impact on it than if its geographic mix of revenue was less concentrated. 18 The Company primarily depends upon third-party distribution companies to generate new customers. The Company’s relationships with its partners and distributors may be terminated or may not continue to be beneficial in generating new customers, which could adversely affect its ability to increase its customer base. The Company maintains a network of distributors, which refer customers to it through links on their websites or promotion to their customers. The number of customers that the Company can add through these relationships is dependent on the marketing efforts of distributors, over which it has little control. If the Company is unable to maintain its relationships, or renew contracts on favorable terms, with existing partners and distributors or establish new contractual relationships with potential partners and distributors, it may experience delays and increased costs in adding customers, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company’s distributors also provide services to other third parties and therefore may not devote their full time and attention to promoting the Company’s products and services. If the Company is unable to expand its base of business customers, its future growth and operating results could be adversely affected. The Company has committed and continues to commit substantial resources to the expansion and increased marketing of its business solutions. If the Company is unable to market and sell its solutions to businesses with competitive pricing and in a cost-effective manner its ability to grow its revenue and achieve profitability may be harmed. If the Company is unable to sustain market recognition of and loyalty to its brand, or if its reputation were to be harmed, it could lose customers or fail to increase the number of its customers, which could harm its business, financial condition, and operating results. Given the Company’s market focus, maintaining and enhancing its brand is critical to its success. The Company believes that the importance of brand recognition and loyalty will increase in light of the increasing competition in its markets. The Company plans to continue investing substantial resources to promote its brand, both domestically and internationally, but there is no guarantee that its brand development strategies will enhance the recognition of its brand. Some of the Company’s existing and potential competitors have well-established brands with greater recognition than it has. If the Company’s efforts to promote and maintain the Company’s brand are not successful, the Company’s operating results and its ability to attract and retain customers may be adversely affected. In addition, even if the Company’s brand recognition and loyalty increase, it may not result in increased use of its solutions or higher revenue. The Company’s solutions, as well as those of its competitors, are regularly reviewed in computer and business publications. Negative reviews, or reviews in which the Company’s competitors’ solutions and services are rated more highly than its solutions, could negatively affect its brand and reputation. From time to time, the Company’s customers express dissatisfaction with its solutions, including, among other things, dissatisfaction with its customer support, its billing policies, and the way its solutions operate. If the Company does not handle customer complaints effectively, its brand and reputation may suffer, it may lose its customers’ confidence, and they may choose not to renew their subscriptions. In addition, many of the Company’s customers participate in online blogs about computers and internet services, including the Company’s solutions, and its success depends in part on its ability to generate positive customer feedback through such online channels where consumers seek and share information. If actions that the Company takes or changes that it makes to its solutions upset these customers, their blogging could negatively affect its brand and reputation. Complaints or negative publicity about the Company’s solutions or billing practices could adversely impact its ability to attract and retain customers and its business, financial condition, and operating results. 19 The Company is subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations would harm its business. The Company receives, stores, and processes personal information and other customer data and maintains specific protocols and procedures to help safeguard the privacy of that personal information and customer data. Personal privacy has become a significant issue in the United States and in many other countries where the Company may offer its offering of solutions. The regulatory framework for privacy issues worldwide is currently complex and evolving, and it is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. There are numerous federal, state, local, and foreign laws regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information and other customer data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among countries or conflict with other rules. The Company generally seeks to comply with industry standards and is subject to the terms of its privacy policies and privacy-related obligations to third parties. The Company strives to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal obligations, and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy and data protection to the extent possible. However, it is possible that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or the Company’s practices. Any failure or perceived failure by the Company to comply with its privacy policies, its privacy-related obligations to customers or other third parties, its privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, or public statements against the Company by consumer advocacy groups or others and could cause its customers to lose trust in the Company, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s reputation and business. The Company’s customers may also accidentally disclose their passwords or store them on a mobile device that is lost or stolen, creating the perception that its systems are not secure against third-party access. Additionally, if third parties that the Company works with, such as vendors or developers, violate applicable laws or its policies, such violations may also put its customers’ information at risk and could in turn have an adverse effect on its business. Any significant change to applicable laws, regulations, or industry practices regarding the use or disclosure of the Company’s customers’ data, or regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of customers for the use and disclosure of such data is obtained, could require it to modify its solutions and features, possibly in a material manner, and may limit its ability to develop new services and features that make use of the data that its customers voluntarily share with the Company. The Company’s solutions are used by customers in the health care industry, and it must comply with numerous federal and state laws related to patient privacy in connection with providing its solutions to these customers. The Company’s solutions are used by customers in the health care industry, and it must comply with numerous federal and state laws related to patient privacy in connection with providing its solutions to these customers. In particular, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) include privacy standards that protect individual privacy by limiting the uses and disclosures of individually identifiable health information and implementing data security standards. Because the Company’s solutions may backup individually identifiable health information for its customers, its customers are mandated by HIPAA to enter into written agreements with us known as business associate agreements that require the Company to safeguard individually identifiable health information. Business associate agreements typically include: ● a description of the Company’s permitted uses of individually identifiable health information; ● a covenant not to disclose that information except as permitted under the agreement and to make the Company’s subcontractors, if any, subject to the same restrictions; ● assurances that appropriate administrative, physical, and technical safeguards are in place to prevent misuse of that information; ● an obligation to report to the Company’s customers any use or disclosure of that information other than as provided for in the agreement; 20 ● a prohibition against the Company’s use or disclosure of that information if a similar use or disclosure by its customers would violate the HIPAA standards; ● the ability of the Company’s customers to terminate their subscription to its solution if the Company breaches a material term of the business associate agreement and are unable to cure the breach; ● the requirement to return or destroy all individually identifiable health information at the end of the customer’s subscription; and ● access by the Department of Health and Human Services to the Company’s internal practices, books, and records to validate that we are safeguarding individually identifiable health information. The Company may not be able to adequately address the business risks created by HIPAA or HITECH implementation or comply with its obligations under its business associate agreements. Furthermore, the Company is unable to predict what changes to HIPAA, HITECH or other laws or regulations might be made in the future or how those changes could affect its business or the costs of compliance. Failure by the Company to comply with any of the federal and state standards regarding patient privacy may subject the Company to penalties, including civil monetary penalties and, in some circumstances, criminal penalties, which could have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and operating results. Errors, failures, bugs in or unavailability of the Company’s solutions released by it could result in negative publicity, damage to its brand, returns, loss of or delay in market acceptance of its solutions, loss of competitive position, or claims by customers or others. The Company offers solutions that operate in a wide variety of environments, systems, applications, and configurations, that are often installed and used in large-scale computing environments with different operating systems, system management software, and equipment and networking configurations. The Company’s customers’ computing environments are often characterized by a wide variety of standard and non-standard configurations that can make pre-release testing for programming or compatibility errors very difficult and time-consuming. In addition, despite testing by the Company and others, errors, failures, or bugs may not be found in new solutions or releases until after distribution. In the past, when the Company has discovered any software errors, failures or bugs in certain of its solution offerings after their introduction or when new versions are released, it, in some cases, has experienced delayed or lost revenues as a result of these errors. In addition, the Company relies on hardware purchased or leased and software licensed from third parties to offer its solutions, and any defects in, or unavailability of, its third-party software or hardware could cause interruptions to the availability of its solutions. Errors, failures, bugs in or unavailability of the Company’s solutions released by it could result in negative publicity, damage to its brand, returns, loss of or delay in market acceptance of its solutions, loss of competitive position, or claims by customers or others. Many of the Company’s end-user customers use its solutions in applications that are critical to their business and may have a greater sensitivity to defects in its solutions than to defects in other, less critical, software solutions. In addition, if an actual or perceived breach of information integrity or availability occurs in one of its end-user customer’s systems, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to its solutions, the market perception of the effectiveness of its solutions could be harmed. Alleviating any of these problems could require significant expenditures of the Company’s capital and other resources and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of its solution licensing, which could cause it to lose existing or potential customers and could adversely affect its operating results. The Company faces many risks associated with its growth and plans to expand, which could harm its business, financial condition, and operating results. The Company continues to experience sales growth in its business. This growth has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on its management and its operational and financial infrastructure. As the Company’s operations grow in size, scope, and complexity, it will need to improve and upgrade its systems and infrastructure to attract, service, and retain an increasing number of customers. The expansion of its systems and infrastructure will require the Company to commit substantial financial, operational, and technical resources in advance of an increase in the volume of business, with no assurance that the volume of business will increase. Any such additional capital investments will increase the Company’s cost base. Continued growth could also strain the Company’s ability to maintain reliable service levels for its customers, develop and improve its operational, financial, and management controls, enhance its reporting systems and procedures, and recruit, train, and retain highly skilled personnel. If the Company fails to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in its organization as it grows, its business, financial condition, and operating results could be harmed. 21 The Company has office locations in New York, Florida, and Texas, and data centers in New York, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Texas, and Canada. If the Company is unable to effectively manage a large and geographically dispersed group of employees and contractors or to anticipate its future growth and personnel needs, its business may be adversely affected. As the Company expands its business, it adds complexity to its organization and must expand and adapt its operational infrastructure and effectively coordinate throughout its organization. As a result, the Company has incurred and expects to continue to incur additional expenses related to its continued growth. The Company also anticipates that its efforts to expand internationally will entail the marketing and advertising of its services and brand and the development of localized websites. The Company does not have substantial experience in selling its solutions in international markets or in conforming to the local cultures, standards, or policies necessary to successfully compete in those markets, and it must invest significant resources in order to do so. The Company may not succeed in these efforts or achieve its customer acquisition or other goals. For some international markets, customer preferences and buying behaviors may be different, and the Company may use business or pricing models that are different from its traditional subscription model to provide cloud backup and related services to customers. The Company’s revenue from new foreign markets may not exceed the costs of establishing, marketing, and maintaining its international solutions, and therefore may not be profitable on a sustained basis, if at all. The Company’s intended international expansion will subject it to risks typically encountered when operating internationally . The Company intends to expand internationally which subjects it to new risks that it has not generally faced in the United States. These risks in clude: ● localization of the Company’s solutions, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices and regulatory requirements; ● lack of experience in other geographic markets; ● strong local competitors; ● cost and burden of complying with, lack of familiarity with, and unexpected changes in foreign legal and regulatory requirements, including consumer and data privacy laws; ● difficulties in managing and staffing international operations; ● potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of transfer pricing, foreign value added or other tax systems, double taxation, and restrictions, and/or taxes on the repatriation of earnings; ● dependence on third parties, including channel partners with whom we do not have extensive experience; ● compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, economic sanction laws and regulations, export controls, and other U.S. laws and regulations regarding international business operations; ● increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities; ● political, social, and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks, and security concerns in general; and ● reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries. 22 Operating in international markets also requires significant management attention and financial resources. The investment and additional resources required to establish operations and manage growth in other countries may not produce desired levels of revenue or profitability. The Company’s software contains encryption technologies, certain types of which are subject to U.S. and foreign export control regulations and, in some foreign countries, restrictions on importation and/or use. Any failure on the Company’s part to comply with encryption or other applicable export control requirements could result in financial penalties or other sanctions under the U.S. export regulations, including restrictions on future export activities, which could harm its business and operating results. Regulatory restrictions could impair the Company’s access to technologies that it seeks for improving its solutions and may also limit or reduce the demand for its solutions outside of the U.S. The loss of the Company’s key personnel, or its failure to attract, integrate, and retain other highly qualified personnel, could harm its business and growth prospects. The Company depends on the continued service and performance of its key personnel. In addition, many of the Company’s key technologies and systems are custom-made for its business by its personnel. The loss of key personnel, including key members of the Company’s management team, as well as certain of its key marketing, sales, product development, or technology personnel, could disrupt its operations and have an adverse effect on its ability to grow its business. In addition, several of the Company’s key personnel have only recently been employed by it, and the Company is still in the process of integrating these personnel into its operations. The Company’s failure to successfully integrate these key employees into its business could adversely affect its business. To execute the Company’s growth plan, it must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for these employees is intense, and the Company may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. The Company, from time to time in the past, experienced, and it expects to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly-skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. New hires require significant training and, in most cases, take significant time before they achieve full productivity. The Company’s recent hires and planned hires may not become as productive as it expects, and it may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals. Many of the companies with which it competes for experienced personnel have greater resources than it has. In addition, in making employment decisions, particularly in the internet and high-technology industries, job candidates often consider the value of the equity that they are to receive in connection with their employment. In addition, employees may be more likely to voluntarily exit the Company if the shares underlying their vested and unvested options, as well as unvested restricted stock units, have significantly depreciated in value resulting in the options they are holding potentially being significantly above the market price of the Company’s common stock and the value of the restricted stock units decreasing. If the Company fails to attract new personnel, or fails to retain and motivate its current personnel, its business and growth prospects could be severely harmed. Risks Related to Intellectual Property Assertions by a third party that the Company’s solutions infringe its intellectual property, whether correct, could subject the Company to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses. There is frequent litigation in the software and technology industries based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Any such claims or litigation may be time-consuming and costly, divert management resources, require the Company to change its services, require it to credit or refund subscription fees, or have other adverse effects on its business. Many companies are devoting significant resources to obtaining patents that could affect many aspects of the Company’s business. Third parties may claim that the Company’s technologies or solutions infringe or otherwise violate their patents or other intellectual property rights. If the Company is forced to defend itself against intellectual property infringement claims, whether they have merit or are determined in its favor, it may face costly litigation, diversion of technical and management personnel, limitations on its ability to use its current websites and technologies, and an inability to market or provide its solutions. As a result of any such claim, the Company may have to develop or acquire non-infringing technologies, pay damages, enter into royalty or licensing agreements, cease providing certain services, adjust its marketing and advertising activities, or take other actions to resolve the claims. These actions, if required, may be costly or unavailable on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. 23 Furthermore, the Company has licensed proprietary technologies from third parties that it uses in its technologies and business, and it cannot be certain that the owners’ rights in their technologies will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented. In addition to the general risks described above associated with intellectual property and other proprietary rights, the Company is subject to the additional risk that the seller of such technologies may not have appropriately created, maintained, or enforced their rights in such technology. The Company relies on third-party software to develop and provide its solutions, including server software and licenses from third parties to use patented intellectual property. The Company relies on software licensed from third parties to develop and offer its solutions. In addition, the Company may need to obtain future licenses from third parties to use intellectual property associated with the development of its solutions, which might not be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any software required for the development and maintenance of the Company’s solutions could result in delays in the provision of its solutions until equivalent technology is either developed by the Company, or, if available from others, is identified, obtained, and integrated, which delay could harm its business. Any errors or defects in third-party software could result in errors or a failure of its solutions, which could harm its business. If the Company is unable to protect its domain names, its reputation, brand, customer base, and revenue, as well as its business and operating results, could be adversely affected. The Company has registered domain names for websites (“URLs”) that it uses in its business, such as www.datastoragecorp.com. If the Company is unable to maintain its rights in these domain names, its competitors or other third parties could capitalize on the Company’s brand recognition by using these domain names for their own benefit. In addition, although the Company owns the Company’s domain name under various global top-level domains such as .com and .net, as well as under various country-specific domains, it might not be able to, or may choose not to, acquire or maintain other country-specific versions of the Company’s domain name or other potentially similar URLs. Domain names similar to the Company have already been registered in the U.S. and elsewhere, and its competitors or other third parties could capitalize on its brand recognition by using domain names similar to the Company’s. The regulation of domain names in the U.S. and elsewhere is generally conducted by internet regulatory bodies and is subject to change. If the Company loses the ability to use a domain name in a particular country, it may be forced to either incur significant additional expenses to market its solutions within that country, including the development of a new brand and the creation of new promotional materials, or elect not to sell its solutions in that country. Either result could substantially harm its business and operating results. Regulatory bodies could establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars, or modify the requirements for holding domain names. As a result, the Company may not be able to acquire or maintain the domain names that utilize the Company’s name in all of the countries in which it currently conducts or intends to conduct business. Further, the relationship between regulations governing domain names and laws protecting trademarks and similar proprietary rights varies among jurisdictions and is unclear in some jurisdictions. The Company may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names that infringe, are similar to, or otherwise decrease the value of, its brand or its trademarks. Protecting and enforcing the Company’s rights in its domain names and determining the rights of others may require litigation, which could result in substantial costs, divert management attention, and not be decided favorably to the Company. Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock and Securities The Company’s stock price has fluctuated in the past and may be volatile in the future, and as a result, investors in its common stock could incur substantial losses. The Company’s stock price has fluctuated in the past, has recently been volatile, and may be volatile in the future. By way of example, on September 1, 2023, the reported low sale price of the Company’s common stock was $3.21, and the reported high sales price was $3.75. For comparison purposes, on January 12, 2023, the price of the Company’s common stock closed at $1.61 per share, on October 17, 2023, its stock price closed at $3.49 per share, and on August 11, 2023, its stock price closed at $2.59 per share with no discernable announcements or developments by the Company or third parties (other than the filing of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). The Company may incur rapid and substantial decreases in its stock price in the foreseeable future that are unrelated to its operating performance or prospects. The stock market has experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in the Company’s common stock. The market price for the Company’s common stock may be influenced by many factors, including the following: 24 ● investor reaction to the Company’s business strategy; ● the success of competitive products or technologies; ● regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries, especially changes in laws or regulations applicable to the Company’s products; ● variations in the Company’s financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to the Company; ● the Company’s ability or inability to raise additional capital and the terms on which it raises it; ● declines in the market prices of stocks generally; ● the Company’s public disclosure of the terms of any financing which it consummates in the future; ● an announcement that the Company has effected a reverse split of the Company’s common stock and treasury stock; ● the Company’s failure to be profitable; ● the Company’s failure to raise working capital; ● any acquisitions we may consummate, including, but not limited to, the Merger; ● announcements by the Company or its competitors of significant contracts, new services, acquisitions, commercial relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments; ● cancellation of key contracts; ● the Company’s failure to meet financial forecasts it publicly discloses; ● trading volume of the Company’s common stock; ● sales of the Company’s common stock by it or its stockholders; ● general economic, industry and market conditions; and ● other events or factors, including those resulting from such events, or the prospect of such events, including war, terrorism and other international conflicts, public health issues including health epidemics or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, fires, earthquakes, tornadoes or other adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States or elsewhere, could disrupt the Company’s operations, disrupt the operations of its suppliers or result in political or economic instability. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of the Company’s common stock, regardless of its operating performance. Since the stock price of its common stock has fluctuated in the past, has been volatile recently and may be volatile in the future, investors in its common stock could incur substantial losses. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies. Such litigation, if instituted against the Company, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. There can be no guarantee that the Company’s stock price will remain at current prices or that future sales of its common stock will not be at prices lower than those sold to investors. 25 Additionally, recently, securities of certain companies have experienced significant and extreme volatility in stock price due to short sellers of shares of common stock, known as a “short squeeze.” These short squeezes have caused extreme volatility in those companies and in the market and have led to the price per share of those companies to trade at a significantly inflated rate that is disconnected from the underlying value of the company. Many investors who have purchased shares in those companies at an inflated rate face the risk of losing a significant portion of their original investment as the price per share has declined steadily as interest in those stocks has abated. While the Company has no reason to believe its shares would be the target of a short squeeze, there can be no assurance that it won’t be in the future, and you may lose a significant portion or all of your investment if you purchase the Company’s shares at a rate that is significantly disconnected from its underlying value. We cannot be assured that we will be able to maintain our listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Our securities are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, a national securities exchange. We cannot be assured that we will continue to comply with the rules, regulations or requirements governing the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq Capital Market or that our securities will continue to be listed on Nasdaq Capital Market in the future. If Nasdaq should determine at any time that we fail to meet Nasdaq requirements, we may be subject to a delisting action by Nasdaq. On January 18, 2024, Nasdaq notified the Company that due to the passing of Mr. Hoffman, the Company no longer complies with Nasdaq’s audit committee requirements as set forth in Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) of the Nasdaq listing standards. Nasdaq further notified the Company that, consistent with Rule 5605(c)(4) of the Nasdaq listing standards, Nasdaq provided the Company a cure period in order to regain compliance until the earlier of the Company’s next annual meeting of shareholders or December 30, 2024 or, if the next annual meeting of shareholders is held before June 27, 2024, then the Company must provide evidence of compliance no later than June 27, 2024. As of March 8, 2024, the Company believes that it has regained compliance with Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) of the Nasdaq listing standards although as of the date of this Annual Report we did not receive notification from Nasdaq that we regained compliance. If Nasdaq delists our securities from trading on its exchange at some future date, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including: ● a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; ● reduced liquidity with respect to our securities; ● a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock; ● a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and ● a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. Upon exercise of the Company’s outstanding options or warrants, it will be obligated to issue a substantial number of additional shares of common stock which will dilute its present shareholders . The Company is obligated to issue additional shares of its common stock in connection with any exercise or conversion, as applicable, of its outstanding options, warrants, and shares of its convertible preferred stock. As of December 31, 2023, there were options and warrants outstanding convertible into an aggregate of 3,011,207 shares of common stock. The exercise of warrants or options will cause the Company to issue additional shares of its common stock and will dilute the percentage ownership of its shareholders. In addition, the Company has in the past, and may in the future, exchange outstanding securities for other securities on terms that are dilutive to the securities held by other shareholders not participating in such an exchange. Offers or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of the Company’s common stock may cause the price of its common stock to decline . Sales of large blocks of the Company’s common stock could depress the price of its common stock. The existence of these shares and shares of common stock that may be issuable upon conversion or exercise, as applicable, of outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock, warrants and options create a circumstance commonly referred to as an “overhang” which can act as a depressant to the Company’s common stock price. The existence of an overhang, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, also could make the Company’s ability to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-linked securities more difficult in the future at a time and price that the Company deems reasonable or appropriate. If the Company’s existing shareholders and investors seek to convert or exercise such securities or sell a substantial number of shares of its common stock, such selling efforts may cause significant declines in the market price of its common stock. In addition, the shares of the Company’s common stock included in the Units and underlying warrants sold in the offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. As a result, a substantial number of shares of the Company’s common stock may be sold in the public market following this offering. If there are significantly more shares of common stock offered for sale than buyers are willing to purchase, then the market price of the Company’s common stock may decline to a market price at which buyers are willing to purchase the offered common stock and sellers remain willing to sell its common stock. The Company does not expect to declare any common stock cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company does not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of Data Storage common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, common stockholders may need to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. 26 Because the Company may issue preferred stock without the approval of its shareholders and have other anti-takeover defenses, it may be more difficult for a third party to acquire the Company and could depress its stock price. In general, the Company’s Board may issue, without a vote of its shareholders, one or more additional series of preferred stock that has more than one vote per share. Without these restrictions, the Company’s Board could issue preferred stock to investors who support it and its management and give effective control of its business to its management. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock could block an acquisition resulting in both a drop in the Company’s stock price and a decline in interest of its common stock. This could make it more difficult for shareholders to sell their common stock. This could also cause the market price of the Company’s common stock shares to drop significantly, even if its business is performing well. Provisions of Nevada law could delay or prevent an acquisition of Data Storage, even if the acquisition would be beneficial to its stockholders and could make it more difficult for stockholders to change Data Storage’s management. Data Storage Corporation is subject to anti-takeover provisions under Nevada law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together, these provisions may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for the Company’s securities. These provisions include: limitations on the ability to engage in any “combination” with an “interested stockholder” (each, as defined in the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”)) for two years from the date the person first becomes an “interested stockholder”; being subject to Sections 78.378 to 78.3793 of the NRS and allowing an “acquiring person” to obtain voting rights in “control shares” without shareholder approval; the ability of the Board to issue shares of currently undesignated and unissued preferred stock without prior stockholder approval; limitations on the ability of stockholders to call special meetings; and the ability of the Board to amend its amended Bylaws without stockholder approval. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS Not Applicable. ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY The Company maintains a cyber risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats. The Company’s cyber risk management program's underlying processes and controls incorporate recognized best practices and standards for cybersecurity and information technology. We conduct annual risk assessments to identify risks related to company assets and business processes, assess the risk’s likelihood and potential consequences to the organization, and document any mitigating controls that are in place. Risks that are either highly likely to occur or whose impact on the organization is high are addressed through risk treatment, including risk acceptance, mitigation, transfer, or avoidance. The Company documents risk treatments and corresponding action items and tracks progress quarterly through an information security steering committee. The Company maintains a comprehensive set of policies, standards, processes, and other documentation per the ISO 27001:2013 standard’s requirements, the most widely industry-accepted standard for managing organizational information and data security risks, for implementing an Information Security Management System (ISMS). Documentation addresses overall information security, access management, asset management, encryption, data retention and disposal, vulnerability management, and more. Together, these documents form the foundation of our ISMS and ensure organizational assets and processes for information security are managed, governed, and are operating effectively. The Company’s management team oversees and administers its risk management program and informs senior management, the Cyber Security & Risk Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board” or the “Board of Directors”), and other relevant stakeholders regarding the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. The Cyber Security & Risk Committee of the Board of Directors consists of Matthew Grover and Uwayne A. Mitchell. The Company’s ISMS Steering Committee also oversees risks from cybersecurity threats. The Company also contracts with a third-party consultant to ensure the ISMS and information security controls comply with applicable standards and requirements. The ISMS Steering Committee is specifically responsible for reviewing the adequacy of the Company’s information security controls. The committee, including member(s) of management assigned with cybersecurity oversight responsibility and/or third-party consultants providing cyber risk services, reviews vulnerabilities identified through the risk management process, the effectiveness of the Company’s cyber risk management program, and the emerging threat landscape and new cyber risks on a quarterly basis. This includes updates on the Company’s processes to prevent, detect, and mitigate cybersecurity incidents. In addition, cybersecurity risks are reviewed by the Cyber Security and Risk Committee at least annually as part of the Company’s corporate risk oversight processes. The Company also undergoes annual internal and external ISO 27001:2013 audits to proactively identify nonconformity issues within the ISMS and demonstrate ongoing compliance with the standard. As part of its review of the adequacy of our system of internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, the Cyber Security & Risk Committee of the Board of Directors, comprised of independent directors, is specifically responsible for reviewing the adequacy of our computerized information system controls and security related thereof, the Company’s cybersecurity threat landscape, risks and the Company’s management and mitigation of cybersecurity risks and potential breach incidents. 27 The Company faces risks from cybersecurity threats that could adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or reputation. The Company acknowledges that the risk of cyber incidents is prevalent in the current threat landscape and that a future cyber incident may occur in the normal course of its business. To date, the Company has not experienced a cybersecurity incident. The Company proactively seeks to detect and investigate unauthorized attempts and attacks against its IT assets, data, and services and to prevent their occurrence and recurrence where practicable through changes or updates to internal processes and tools and changes or updates to service delivery; however, potential vulnerabilities to known or unknown threats will remain. Further, there is increasing regulation regarding responses to cybersecurity incidents, including reporting to regulators, investors, and additional stakeholders, which could subject us to additional liability and reputational harm. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for more information on cybersecurity risks. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The Company currently has three leases for office space, with two offices located in Melville, NY, and one office in Boca Raton, FL. The Company’s principal offices are located at 48 South Service Road, Suite 203, Melville, NY 11747. We also maintain offices located at 980 North Federal Highway, Suite 302, Boca Raton, FL 33432. The Company’s data centers are in New York, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Texas. The Company believes that its current offices and facilities are adequate for the near future. In August 2019, we entered into a new lease for a technology lab located in Melville, NY commencing on September 1, 2019. The term of this lease is for three years and 11 months and runs co-terminus with the Company’s existing lease in the same building. The base annual rent is $11,856 payable in equal monthly installments of $988. The lease was subsequently renewed for a one-year period commencing on August 1, 2023. The monthly rent is approximately $1,010. A second lease for office space in Melville, NY, was entered into on November 20, 2017, which commenced on April 2, 2018. The term of this lease is five years and three months at $86,268 per year with an escalation of 3% per year with an ending date of July 31, 2023. The lease was subsequently renewed for a one-year period commencing on August 1, 2023. The monthly rent is approximately $8,334. On July 31, 2021, the Company signed a three-year lease for approximately 2,880 square feet of office space at 980 North Federal Highway, Suite 302, Boca Raton, Florida. The commencement date of the lease is August 1, 2021. The monthly rent is approximately $4,820. On January 1, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space with WeWork in Austin, TX. The lease term is six months and requires monthly payments of $1,470 and expired on June 30, 2022. Subsequent to June 30, 2022, the Company is on a $3,073 month-to-month lease with WeWork in Austin, TX. The Company leases technical space in New York, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. These leases are month to month and the monthly rent is approximately $40,442. In 2020, the Company entered into a new technical space lease agreement in Dallas, TX. The lease term is 13 months and requires monthly payments of $1,403 and expired on July 31, 2023. The Company is now on a month to month basis with monthly payments of $4,729. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS From time to time, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to it, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 28 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information The Company’s common stock trades on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “DTST”. Holders of the Company’s Common Stock As of March 27, 2024, we had 35 shareholders of record of the Company’s common stock, one of which was Cede & Co., a nominee for Depository Trust Company (“DTC”). All the shares of the Company’s common stock held by brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners are deposited into participant accounts at DTC and are therefore considered to be held or recorded by Cede & Co. as one stockholder. Dividend Policy The Company has not declared or paid dividends on common stock since its formation and does not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The declaration or payment of dividends, if any, in the future, will be at the discretion of Data Storage’s Board of Directors and will depend on the then- current financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors deemed relevant by the Board. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock entitles its holder to receive cash dividends at a rate of ten percent (10%) per annum on the original issue price, compounding annually, in preference to holders of common stock. Preferred dividends are accrued quarterly. No Preferred shares are outstanding, and no dividends have been paid to date since retiring in May 2021 one shareholder. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities The Company did not sell any equity securities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 that were not registered under the Securities Act, other than as previously disclosed in its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities There were no issuer purchases of equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2023. Equity Compensation Plan Information See Part II-Item 12 under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters-Equity Compensation Plan Information” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for equity compensation plan information. ITEM 6. RESERVED ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION The following discussion of our plan of operation and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes to the financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that relate to future events or our future financial performance. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and other factors include, among others, those listed under “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” and those included elsewhere in this report. 29 COMPANY OVERVIEW SUMMARY Data Storage Corporation, based in Melville, New York, is a leading provider of data management and cloud solutions across multiple industries including healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and government. Through its subsidiaries, CloudFirst Technologies, Flagship Solutions LLC, and Nexxis, Inc., the Company offers a comprehensive suite of services designed to enhance operational resilience and data integrity for its clients. Strategic Growth and Infrastructure: In response to a capital raise and Nasdaq uplisting in 2021, the Company expanded its distribution networks and bolstered its team, focusing on enhancing its sales, marketing, and technological capabilities. Data Storage Corporation operates six geographically diverse data centers across the U.S. and Canada, supporting its commitment to providing secure and reliable subscription-based services. Core Services: ● Business Continuity Solutions: Offers rapid recovery from system outages and disasters, ensuring minimal operational disruption. ● Managed Cloud Infrastructure Services: Facilitates cloud migration and provides ongoing support for software applications and technical workloads in a multi-cloud environment. ● Cyber Security: Delivers comprehensive security consultation, data protection, disaster recovery, and remote monitoring services, either integrated into cloud solutions or as standalone offerings. Client Engagement and Revenue Generation: The Company engages with clients through direct business development efforts and a broad distribution network, offering solutions that lower barriers to entry for disaster recovery and cloud infrastructure services. While subscription-based services constitute a significant portion of its revenue, Data Storage Corporation also generates income from the sale of equipment and software, emphasizing cybersecurity, data storage, and IBM Power systems solutions. This overview highlights Data Storage Corporation’s strategic approach to leveraging technology and expertise to meet the complex needs of its diverse client base, ensuring business continuity and security in an increasingly digital world. Key Merger Highlights: ● Synergistic Integration: The merger with Flagship is expected to create a unified platform that leverages both entities’ strengths in IBM solutions, managed services, and cloud-based security, promising enhanced operational efficiency. ● Expanded Offerings: The combined expertise of Data Storage Corporation and Flagship Solutions is set to offer a comprehensive range of multi-cloud IT solutions, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS), and Cyber Security as a Service (CSaaS), targeting both enterprise and mid-market customers. ● Strategic Growth: Post-merger, the focus remains on harnessing this strategic integration to extend the range of high-security, reliable cloud services for IBM Power systems, Microsoft Windows, and Linux platforms. The Company is committed to continuing its growth through further synergistic acquisitions. As of January 1, 2024 CloudFirst Technologies and Flagship Solutions LLC have merged. 30 Operational Footprint: Data Storage Corporation operates from offices in New York, Florida and Texas, equipped with technology centers designed to meet client requirements effectively. The Company also employs remote staff to complement its office teams and manages a robust infrastructure across six geographically diverse data centers in the United States and Canada, supporting its comprehensive subscription-based solutions. This merger represents a pivotal step in Data Storage Corporation’s strategy to expand its service offerings and enhance its competitive edge in the rapidly evolving cloud services and IT solutions market. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022 Revenue Sales for the year ended December 31, 2023, increased by approximately 5% to $24,959,576 as compared to sales for the year ended December 31, 2022, of $23,870,837. The Company derives its sales from four types of services that we provide: infrastructure & disaster recovery/cloud services which is the largest source of our sales, followed by managed services, equipment and software sales, and Nexxis, VoIP and internet access services. The cloud infrastructure & disaster recovery/cloud services are subscription-based. We also provide equipment and software and actively participate in collaboration with IBM to provide innovative business solutions to clients. The professional services are providing the client cloud infrastructure and or Disaster Recovery implementation services as well as time and materials billing. Substantially all of the Company’s sales were to customers in the United States, with less than 2% of its sales to international customers. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company derived approximately 24% of our revenue from equipment and software sales, 39% of our revenue from infrastructure & disaster recovery/cloud services, 32% of our revenue from managed services, 4% of our revenue from Nexxis VoIP services. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we derived approximately 26% of our revenue from equipment and software sales, 34% of our revenue from infrastructure & disaster recovery/cloud services, 35% of our revenue from managed services, and 3% of our revenue from Nexxis VoIP services. The following chart details the changes in the Company’s sales for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 $ Change % Change Cloud Infrastructure & Disaster Recovery $ 9,695,833 $ 8,300,378 $ 1,395,455 17 % Equipment and Software 6,056,723 6,194,634 (137,911 ) (2 )% Managed Services 8,040,384 8,445,455 (405,071 ) (5 )% Nexxis VoIP Services 1,012,193 799,675 212,518 27 % Other 154,443 130,695 23,748 18 % Total Sales $ 24,959,576 $ 23,870,837 $ 1,088,739 5 % Expenses Cost of sales. For the year ended December 31, 2023, cost of sales was $15,383,251, a decrease of $404,293, or 3%, compared to $15,787,544 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of $404,293 was mostly related to new, negotiated pricing at Flagship, offset by an increase in cost of sales at CloudFirst and Nexxis due to the increase in revenue. 31 Impairment of goodwill. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $2,322,000 regarding its Flagship segment . There were no goodwill impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses . For the year ended December 31, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses were $9,744,736, a decrease of $92,572, or 1%, as compared to $9,837,308 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease is reflected in the chart below. Selling, general and administrative expenses For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 $ Change % Change Salaries $ 5,036,038 $ 5,199,513 $ (163,475 ) (3 )% Professional Fees 1,143,700 927,441 216,259 23 % Software as a Service Expense 182,765 230,725 (47,960 ) (21 )% Advertising Expenses 815,674 966,248 (150,574 ) (16 )% Commissions Expense 1,420,492 1,301,949 118,543 9 % Amortization and Depreciation Expense 293,166 294,477 (1,311 ) 0 % Travel and Entertainment Expense 202,051 280,763 (78,712 ) (28 )% Rent and Occupancy Expense 225,466 219,545 5,921 3 % Insurance Expense 119,472 111,294 8,178 7 % All Other Expenses 305,912 305,353 559 0 % Total Expenses $ 9,744,736 $ 9,837,308 $ (92,572 ) (1 )% Salaries. Salaries decreased as a result of a reduction in stock-based compensation at Flagship , offset by an increase in employee benefits due to the addition of a new employee benefit program in 2023. Professional Fees. Professional fees increased primarily due to an increase in legal fees relating to employment matters and other corporate projects. Software as a Service Expense (SaaS). SaaS decreased due to the completion of certain consulting engagements related to one of our customer relationship management platforms. Advertising Expenses. Advertising Expenses decreased due to non-renewal of a marketing program at Flagship. Commissions Expense. Commissions expense increased due to an increase in sales at CloudFirst and Nexxis. Travel and Entertainment. Travel and Entertainment expense decreased due to less travel by executives and reduced corporate events. Rent and Occupancy. Rent and Occupancy increased primarily due to contractual increases in rent for office space. All Other Expenses. Increased primarily due to an increase in bad debt expense offset by a reduction in all other expenses. Other Income (Expense). Other income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2023, increased $800,576 to $467,727 from $(332,848) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in other income (expense) is primarily attributable to net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2023 from marketable securities and a decrease in impairment of deferred offering costs. Income (Loss) before provision for income taxes. Net income before provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023, was $299,316, as compared to a loss before provision for income taxes of $4,408,863 for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily attributable to the items discussed above. 32 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) applicable for a going concern, which assumes that the Company will realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. To the extent the Company is successful in growing its business, identifying potential acquisition targets, and negotiating the terms of such acquisitions, and where the purchase price may include a cash component, the Company expects to use its working capital and the proceeds of any financing to finance such acquisition costs. The Company’s conclusion concerning its liquidity is based on current information. If this information proves to be inaccurate, or if circumstances change, the Company may not be able to meet its liquidity needs, which will require a renegotiation of related party capital equipment leases, a reduction in advertising and marketing programs, and/or a reduction in salaries for officers that are major shareholders. The Company has long-term contracts to supply its subscription-based solutions that are invoiced to clients monthly. The Company believes its total contract value of its subscription contracts with clients based on the actual contracts that it has to date, exceeds $10 million. Further, the Company continues to see an uptick in client interest distribution channel expansion and in sales proposals. In 2024, the Company intends to continue to work to increase its presence in the IBM “Power I” infrastructure cloud and business continuity marketplace in the niche of IBM “Power” and in the disaster recovery global marketplace utilizing its technical expertise, data centers utilization, assets deployed in the data centers, 24 x 365 monitoring and software. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Data Storage’s cash decreased $857,992 to $1,428,730 from $2,286,722 on December 31, 2022.For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash of $3,873,047 was provided by Data Storage’s operating activities resulting primarily from changes in net working capital requirements. Net cash of $3,852,245 was used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to the purchase of short-term investments and capital expenditures. Net cash of $878,794 was used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to payments in connection with finance lease obligations and payments for deferred offering costs. This was primarily offset by cash received in connection with the exercise of stock options. The Company’s working capital was $11,011,407 on December 31, 2023, increasing by $156,000 from $10,855,407 at December 31, 2022. The increase is primarily attributable to a decrease in cash, accounts receivable, prepaids and other current assets, accounts payable and leases payable related party. This was offset by an increase in short-term investments and deferred revenue. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, financings, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, also known as “special purpose entities”. Non-GAAP Financial Measures Adjusted EBITDA To supplement our consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP and to provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we consider and are including herein Adjusted EBITDA, a Non-GAAP financial measure. We view Adjusted EBITDA as an operating performance measure and, as such, we believe that the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to it is net income (loss). We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income adjusted for interest and financing fees, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, and other non-cash income and expenses. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides us an important measure of operating performance because it allows management, investors, debt holders and others to evaluate and compare ongoing operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our asset base, any asset disposals or impairments, stock-based compensation and other non-cash income and expense items associated with our reliance on issuing equity-linked debt securities to fund our working capital. 33 Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and this measure should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of our results as reported under GAAP, as the excluded items may have significant effects on our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, our measure of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from other companies’ measure of Adjusted EBITDA. When evaluating our performance, Adjusted EBITDA should be considered with other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and other GAAP results. In the future, we may disclose different non-GAAP financial measures in order to help our investors and others more meaningfully evaluate and compare our future results of operations to our previously reported results of operations. The following table shows our reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively: For the year ended December 31, 2023 CloudFirst Technologies Flagship Solutions LLC Nexxis Inc. Corporate Total Net income (loss) $ 2,598,026 $ 27,853 $ (229,377 ) $ (2,097,186 ) $ 299,316 Non-GAAP adjustments: Depreciation and amortization 1,016,900 283,337 705 652 1,301,594 Interest and letter of credit fees 74,502 — — (542,229 ) (467,227 ) Stock-based compensation 64,184 97,820 17,603 326,598 506,205 Adjusted EBITDA $ 3,753,612 $ 409,010 $ (211,069 ) $ (2,312,165 ) $ 1,639,388 For the year ended December 31, 2022 CloudFirst Technologies Flagship Solutions LLC Nexxis Inc. Corporate Total Net income $ 933,789 $ (4,916,934 ) $ (292,731 ) $ (132,987 ) $ (4,408,863 ) Non-GAAP adjustments: Flagship acquisition costs — — — 770 770 Depreciation and amortization 943,224 282,687 — 1,225,911 Interest and letter of credit fees 138,365 319 — (8,598 ) 130,086 Impairment of goodwill — 2,322,000 — — 2,322,000 Stock-based compensation 101,522 513,320 7,204 112,433 734,479 Adjusted EBITDA $ 2,116,900 $ (1,798,608 ) $ (285,527 ) $ (28,382 ) $ 4,383 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results may differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods. There are accounting policies, each of which requires significant judgments and estimates on the part of management, that we believe are significant to the presentation of our consolidated financial statements. The most significant accounting estimates are set forth below. 34 Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and lease commitments. Management believes the estimated fair value of these accounts on December 31, 2023, approximate their carrying value as reflected in the balance sheet due to the short-term nature. The carrying values of certain of the Company’s notes payable and capital lease obligations approximate their fair values based upon a comparison of the interest rate and terms of such debt given the level of risk to the rates and terms of similar debt currently available to the Company in the marketplace. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease using the straight-line method for financial statement purposes. Estimated useful lives in years for depreciation are five to seven years for property and equipment. Additions, betterments and replacements are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred. As units of property are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income. Goodwill and Other Intangibles The Company tests goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment on at least an annual basis. Impairment exists if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. To determine the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets, the Company uses many assumptions and estimates using a market participant approach that directly impacts the results of the testing. In making these assumptions and estimates, the Company uses industry accepted valuation models and set criteria that are reviewed and approved by various levels of management. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on December 31, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change indicating that the fair value of the goodwill may be below its carrying amount. The Company has four reporting units. The Company uses an income-based approach to determine the fair value of the reporting units. This approach uses a discounted cash flow methodology and the ability of our reporting units to generate cash flows as measures of fair value of our reporting units. For the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company completed its annual impairment tests of goodwill. The Company performed the qualitative assessment as permitted by ASC 350-20 and determined for three of its reporting units that the fair value of its reporting units was more likely than not greater than their carrying value, including Goodwill at December 31, 2023. However, based on this qualitative assessment on December 31, 2022 the Company determined that the carrying value of the Flagship reporting unit was more likely than not greater than its fair, including Goodwill. Based on the completion of the annual impairment test on December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2,322,000 for goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2022 . Revenue Recognition Nature of goods and services The following is a description of the products and services from which the Company generates revenue, as well as the nature, timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, and significant payment terms for each: 1) Cloud Infrastructure and Disaster Recovery Revenue Cloud Infrastructure provides clients the ability to migrate their on-premise computing and digital storage to CloudFirst’s enterprise-level technical compute and digital storage assets located in Tier 3 data centers. Data Storage Corporation owns the assets and provides a turnkey solution whereby achieving reliable and cost-effective, multi-tenant IBM Power compute, x86/intel, flash digital storage, while providing disaster recovery and cyber security while eliminating client capital expenditures. The client pays a monthly fee and can increase capacity as required. 35 Clients can subscribe to an array of disaster recovery solutions without subscribing to cloud infrastructure. Product offerings provided directly from DSC are High Availability, Data Vaulting and retention solutions, including standby servers which allows clients to centralize and streamline their mission-critical digital information and technical environment while ensuring business continuity if they experience a cyber-attack or natural disaster. Client’s data is vaulted, at two data centers with the maintenance of retention schedules for corporate governances and regulations all to meet their back to work objective in a disaster. 2) Managed Services These services are performed at the inception of a contract. The Company provides professional assistance to its clients during the implementation processes. On-boarding and set-up services ensure that the solution or software is installed properly and function as designed to provide clients with the best solutions. In addition, clients that are managed service clients have a requirement for DSC to offer time and material billing supplementing the client’s staff. The Company also derives both one-time and subscription-based revenue from providing support, management and renewal of software, hardware, third party maintenance contracts and third-party cloud services to clients. The managed services include help desk, remote access, operating system and software patch management, annual recovery tests and manufacturer support for equipment and on-gong monitoring of client system performance. 3) Equipment and Software The Company provides equipment and software and actively participates in collaboration with IBM to provide innovative business solutions to clients. The Company is a partner of IBM and the various software, infrastructure and hybrid cloud solutions provided to clients. 4) Nexxis Voice over Internet and Direct Internet Access The Company provides VoIP, Internet access and data transport services to ensure businesses are fully connected to the internet from any location, remote and on premise. The Company provides Hosted VoIP solutions with equipment options for IP phones and internet speeds of up to 10Gb delivered over fiber optics. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations The Company has the following performance obligations: 1) Data Vaulting : Subscription-based cloud service that encrypts and transfers data to a secure Tier 3 data center and further replicates the data to a second Tier 3 DSC technical center where it remains encrypted. Ensuring client retention schedules for corporate compliance and disaster recovery. Provides for twenty-four (24) hour or less recovery time and utilizes advanced data reduction, reduplication technology to shorten back-up and restore time. 2) High Availability : A managed cloud subscription-based service that provides cost-effective mirroring software replication technology and provides one (1) hour or less recovery time for a client to be back in business. 3) Cloud Infrastructure : subscription-based cloud service provides for “capacity on-demand” for IBM Power and X86 Intel server systems. 4) Internet : Subscription-based service, offering continuous internet connection combined with FailSAFE which provides disaster recovery for both a client’s voice and data environments. 5) Support and Maintenance : Subscription based service offers support for clients on their servers, firewalls, desktops or software. Services are provided 24x7x365 to our clients. 6) Implementation / Set-Up Fees : Onboarding and set-up for cloud infrastructure and disaster recovery as well as Cyber Security. 7) Equipment sales : Sale of servers and data storage equipment to the client. 9) License : Granting SSL certificates and licenses. 36 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might not be recoverable. An impairment loss, measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value, is recognized if the carrying amount exceeds estimated un-discounted future cash flows. Stock-Based Compensation The Company follows the requirements of FASB ASC 718-10-10, Share-Based Payments with regards to stock-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees. The Company has agreements and arrangements that call for stock to be awarded to the employees and consultants at various times as compensation and periodic bonuses. The expense for this stock-based compensation is equal to the fair value of the stock price on the day the stock was awarded multiplied by the number of shares awarded. The Company has a relatively low forfeiture rate of stock-based compensation, and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of the options issued during the period is the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of a number of assumptions including the volatility of the stock price, the average risk-free interest rate, and the weighted average expected life of the options. Risk-free interest rates are calculated based on continuously compounded risk-free rates for the appropriate term. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid or declared any cash dividends on its Common Stock and does not intend to pay dividends on its Common Stock in the foreseeable future. The expected forfeiture rate is estimated based on management’s best assessment. Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which DSC’s stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the expected life of the award. The Company’s calculation of estimated volatility is based on historical stock prices over a period equal to the expected life of the awards. RECENTLY ISSUED AND NEWLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The FASB subsequently issued amendments to ASU 2016-13, which have the same effective date and transition date of January 1, 2023. These standards replace the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model and requires a financial asset measure at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The Company determined that this change does not have a material impact to the financial statements or financial statement disclosures. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK As a smaller reporting company, this item is not required. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. 37 Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Firm ID 00 89 ) F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023, and 202 2 F-4 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, and 202 2 F-5 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, and 202 2 F-6 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, and 202 2 F-7 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-8 F- 1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Data Storage Corporation and Subsidiaries Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Data Storage Corporation and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. F- 2 To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Data Storage Corporation and Subsidiaries The Company’s evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company uses the discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit, which requires management to make subjective estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of cash flows such as revenue growth rates and estimates of the weighted average cost of capital rate. Changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value, the amount of any goodwill impairment charge, or both. Given the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of the reporting units, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to the forecasts of cash flows, such as revenue growth rates, and estimates of the weighted average cost of capital rate, required a high degree of auditor judgment. How the Critical Matter Was Addressed in the Audit The primary proce dures we performed to address this critical audit matter included: ● Obtaining valuation reports prepared by valuation specialists engaged by management to assist in the determination of fair value of goodwill. ● Examining the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting the significant assumptions and estimates used in the valuation reports, including historical and projected financial information. ● Utilizing personnel with specialized skills and knowledge in valuation to assist in: (i) evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation models, and (ii) assessing the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the determination of fair values. /s/ Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman, P.A. We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008. Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman, P.A. Somerset, New Jersey March 28, 2024 F- 3 DATA STORAGE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,428,730 $ 2,286,722 Accounts receivable (less allowance for credit losses of $ 7,915 and $ 27,250 in 2023 and 2022, respectively) 1,259,972 3,502,836 Marketable securities 11,318,196 9,010,968 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 513,175 584,666 Total Current Assets 14,520,073 15,385,192 Property and Equipment: Property and equipment 7,838,225 7,168,488 Less—Accumulated depreciation ( 5,105,451 ) ( 4,956,698 ) Net Property and Equipment 2,732,774 2,211,790 Other Assets: Goodwill 4,238,671 4,238,671 Operating lease right-of-use assets 62,981 226,501 Other assets 48,436 48,437 Intangible assets, net 1,698,084 1,975,644 Total Other Assets 6,048,172 6,489,253 Total Assets $ 23,301,019 $ 24,086,235 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT Current Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 2,608,938 $ 3,207,577 Deferred revenue 336,201 281,060 Finance leases payable 263,600 359,868 Finance leases payable related party 235,944 520,623 Operating lease liabilities short term 63,983 160,657 Total Current Liabilities 3,508,666 4,529,785 Operating lease liabilities — 71,772 Finance leases payable 17,641 281,242 Finance leases payable related party 20,297 256,241 Total Long-Term Liabilities 37,938 609,255 Total Liabilities 3,546,604 5,139,040 Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) — — Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred stock, Series A par value $ .001 ; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022 — — Common stock, par value $ .001 ; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 6,880,460 and 6,822,127 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively 6,881 6,822 Additional paid in capital 39,490,285 38,982,440 Accumulated deficit ( 19,505,803 ) ( 19,887,378 ) Total Data Storage Corp Stockholders’ Equity 19,991,363 19,101,884 Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiary ( 236,948 ) ( 154,689 ) Total Stockholder’s Equity 19,754,415 18,947,195 Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $ 23,301,019 $ 24,086,235 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated Financial Statements. F- 4 D ATA STORAGE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Sales $ 24,959,576 $ 23,870,837 Cost of sales 15,383,251 15,787,544 Gross Profit 9,576,325 8,083,293 Impairment of goodwill — 2,322,000 Selling, general and administrative 9,744,736 9,837,308 Loss from Operations ( 168,411 ) ( 4,076,015 ) Other Income (Expense) Interest income 542,229 10,969 Interest expense ( 74,502 ) ( 141,056 ) Impairment of deferred offering costs and financing costs associated with canceled financing efforts — ( 127,343 ) Other expense — ( 75,418 ) Total Other Income (Expense) 467,727 ( 332,848 ) Income (Loss) before provision for income taxes 299,316 ( 4,408,863 ) Provision from (Benefit from) income taxes — — Net Income (Loss) 299,316 ( 4,408,863 ) Loss in Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiary 82,259 52,061 Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders $ 381,575 $ ( 4,356,802 ) Earnings (loss) per Share – Basic $ 0.06 $ ( 0.64 ) Earnings (loss) per Share – Diluted $ 0.05 $ ( 0.64 ) Weighted Average Number of Shares – Basic 6,841,094 6,775,140 Weighted Average Number of Shares – Diluted 7,215,069 6,775,140 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated Financial Statements. F- 5 DATA STORAGE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, AND 2022 Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Non-Controlling Interest Total Stockholders’ Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance January 1, 2022 — $ — 6,693,793 $ 6,694 $ 38,241,155 $ ( 15,530,576 ) $ ( 102,628 ) $ 22,614,645 Stock Options Exercised — — 3,334 3 6,931 — — 6,934 Stock-based compensation — — 125,000 125 734,354 — — 734,479 Net Income (Loss) — — — — — ( 4,356,802 ) ( 52,061 ) ( 4,408,863 ) Balance, December 31, 2022 — $ — 6,822,127 $ 6,822 $ 38,982,440 $ ( 19,887,378 ) $ ( 154,689 ) $ 18,947,195 Stock options exercise — — 833 1 1,698 — — 1,699 Stock-based compensation — — 57,500 58 506,147 — — 506,205 Net Income (Loss) — — — — — 381,575 ( 82,259 ) 299,316 Balance, December 31, 2023 — $ — 6,880,460 $ 6,881 $ 39,490,285 $ ( 19,505,803 ) $ ( 236,948 ) $ 19,754,415 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated Financial Statements. F- 6 DATA STORAGE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net income (loss) $ 299,316 $ ( 4,408,863 ) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 1,301,594 1,225,911 Stock based compensation 506,205 734,479 Impairment of deferred offering costs and financing costs associated with canceled financing efforts — 127,343 Impairment of goodwill — 2,322,000 Changes in Assets and Liabilities: Accounts receivable 2,242,864 ( 1,118,469 ) Other assets — 54,788 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 71,491 ( 48,265 ) Right of use asset 163,520 195,817 Accounts payable and accrued expenses ( 598,638 ) 1,864,188 Deferred revenue 55,141 ( 85,799 ) Operating lease liability ( 168,446 ) ( 199,329 ) Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 3,873,047 663,801 Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Capital expenditures ( 1,545,017 ) ( 127,257 ) Purchase of marketable securities ( 2,307,228 ) ( 9,010,968 ) Net Cash Used in Investing Activities ( 3,852,245 ) ( 9,138,225 ) Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Repayments of finance lease obligations related party ( 520,624 ) ( 867,741 ) Repayments of finance lease obligations ( 359,869 ) ( 386,509 ) Payments for deferred offering costs — ( 127,341 ) Cash received for the exercise of stock options 1,699 6,934 Net Cash Used in Financing Activities ( 878,794 ) ( 1,374,657 ) Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents ( 857,992 ) ( 9,849,081 ) Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period 2,286,722 12,135,803 Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period $ 1,428,730 $ 2,286,722 Supplemental Disclosures: Cash paid for interest $ 65,057 $ 127,871 Cash paid for income taxes $ — $ — Non-cash investing and financing activities: Assets acquired by finance lease $ — $ 1,094,051 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated Financial Statements. F- 7 DATA STORAGE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 Note 1 – Basis of Presentation, Organization and Other Matters Data Storage Corporation (“DSC” or the “Company”) provides subscription based, long term agreements for disaster recovery solutions, cloud infrastructure, Cyber Security and Voice and Data solutions. Headquartered in Melville, NY, DSC offers solutions and services to businesses within the healthcare, banking and finance, distribution services, manufacturing, construction, education, and government industries. DSC derives its revenues from subscription services and solutions, managed services, software and maintenance, equipment and onboarding provisioning. DSC maintains infrastructure and storage equipment in six technical centers in New York, Massachusetts, Texas, North Carolina and Canada. On May 31, 2021, the Company completed a merger of Flagship Solutions, LLC (“Flagship”) (a Florida limited liability company) and the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Data Storage FL, LLC. Flagship is a provider of Hybrid Cloud solutions, managed services and cloud solutions. On January 27, 2022, we formed Information Technology Acquisition Corporation a special purpose acquisition company for the purpose of entering into a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities. Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, (i) CloudFirst Technologies Corporation, a Delaware corporation, (ii) Data Storage FL, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, (iii) Flagship Solutions, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, (iv) Information Technology Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware Corporation, and (v) its majority-owned subsidiary, Nexxis Inc, a Nevada corporation. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto have been reclassified where necessary to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications did not affect the prior period’s total assets, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity, net loss or net cash provided by operating activities. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we adopted a change in presentation on our consolidated statements of in order to present interest income as a standalone line, the presentation of which is consistent with our peers. Prior periods have been revised to reflect this change in presentation. F- 8 Recently Issued and Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The FASB subsequently issued amendments to ASU 2016-13, which have the same effective date and transition date of January 1, 2023. These standards replace the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model and requires a financial asset measure at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The Company determined that this change does not have a material impact to the financial statements or financial statement disclosures. In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which enhances reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through expanded disclosures around significant segment expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of the ASU and expect to include updated segment expense disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosure of specific categories meeting a quantitative threshold within the income tax rate reconciliation, as well as disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. This ASU, which can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively, is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the ASU and expect to include updated income tax disclosures. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and lease commitments. Management believes the estimated fair value of these accounts on December 31, 2023, approximate their carrying value as reflected in the balance sheet due to the short-term nature. The carrying values of certain of the Company’s notes payable and capital lease obligations approximate their fair values based upon a comparison of the interest rate and terms of such debt given the level of risk to the rates and terms of similar debt currently available to the Company in the marketplace. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Assets and liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value on the consolidated financial statements on a nonrecurring basis include items such as property, plant and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, goodwill and other intangible assets. These assets are measured using Level 3 inputs, if determined to be impaired. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity, or remaining maturity at the time of purchase, of three months or less, to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had cash equivalents of $ 1,428,730 and $ 2,286,722 respectively. Investments Marketable securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in equity investments, at cost that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: Schedule of changes in equity investments measured at fair value For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 As of January 1, 2022 $ — Purchase of equity investments 9,010,968 Unrealized gains — As of December 31, 2022 9,010,968 Purchase of equity investments 2,307,228 Unrealized gains — As of December 31, 2023 $ 11,318,196 F- 9 Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties Financial instruments and assets subjecting the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are maintained at major U.S. financial institutions. Deposits in these institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. The Company’s customers are primarily concentrated in the United States. As of December 31, 2023, DSC had one customer with an accounts receivable balance representing 20 % of total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had two customers with an accounts receivable balance representing 23 % and 14 % of total accounts receivable. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had two customers that accounted for 12 % and 10 % of revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had two customers that accounted for 18 % and 11 % of revenue. Accounts Receivable/Allowance for Credit Losses The Company sells its services to customers on an open credit basis. Accounts receivables are uncollateralized, non-interest-bearing customer obligations. Accounts receivable are typically due within 30 days. The allowance for credit losses reflects the estimated accounts receivable that will not be collected due to credit losses. Provisions for estimated uncollectible accounts receivable are made for individual accounts based upon specific facts and circumstances including criteria such as their age, amount, and customer standing. Provisions are also made for other accounts receivable not specifically reviewed based upon historical experience. Clients invoiced in advance for services are reflected in deferred revenue on the Company's balance sheet. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease using the straight-line method for financial statement purposes. Estimated useful lives in years for depreciation are five to seven years for property and equipment. Additions, betterments and replacements are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred. As units of property are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income. Deferred Offering Costs The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financing as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in stockholders’ deficit as a reduction of additional paid-in capital generated as a result of the offering. Should the planned equity financing be abandoned, the deferred offering costs will be expensed immediately as a charge to other income and expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. In accordance with this policy, for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company expensed financing costs of $ 0 and $ 127,343 , respectively. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. F- 10 Per FASB ASC 740-10, disclosure is not required of an uncertain tax position unless it is considered probable that a claim will be asserted and there is a more-likely-than-not possibility that the outcome will be unfavorable. Using this guidance, as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company has no uncertain tax positions that qualify for either recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The Company’s 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020 Federal and State tax returns remain subject to examination by their respective taxing authorities. Neither of the Company’s Federal or State tax returns are currently under examination. Goodwill and Other Intangibles The Company tests goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment on at least an annual basis. Impairment exists if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. To determine the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets, the Company uses many assumptions and estimates using a market participant approach that directly impacts the results of the testing. In making these assumptions and estimates, the Company uses industry accepted valuation models and set criteria that are reviewed and approved by various levels of management. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on December 31, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change indicating that the fair value of the goodwill may be below its carrying amount. The Company has four reporting units. The Company uses an income-based approach to determine the fair value of the reporting units. This approach uses a discounted cash flow methodology and the ability of our reporting units to generate cash flows as measures of fair value of our reporting units. For the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company completed its annual impairment tests of goodwill. The Company performed the qualitative assessment as permitted by ASC 350-20 and determined for two of its reporting units that the fair value of those reporting units was more likely than not greater than their carrying value, including Goodwill at December 31, 2023. However, based on this qualitative assessment on December 31, 2022 the Company determined that the carrying value of the Flagship reporting unit was more likely than not greater than its fair value, including Goodwill. Based on the completion of the annual impairment test on December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2,322,000 for goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2022. Revenue Recognition Nature of goods and services The following is a description of the products and services from which the Company generates revenue, as well as the nature, timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, and significant payment terms for each: 1) Cloud Infrastructure and Disaster Recovery Revenue Cloud Infrastructure provides clients with the ability to migrate their on-premises computing and digital storage to DSC’s enterprise-level technical compute and digital storage assets located in Tier 3 data centers. DSC owns the assets and provides a turnkey solution whereby achieving reliable and cost-effective, multi-tenant IBM Power compute, x86/intel, flash digital storage, while providing disaster recovery and cyber security while eliminating client capital expenditures. The client pays a monthly fee and can increase capacity as required. Clients can subscribe to an array of disaster recovery solutions without subscribing to cloud infrastructure. Product offerings provided directly from DSC are High Availability, Data Vaulting and retention solutions, including standby servers which allows clients to centralize and streamline their mission-critical digital information and technical environment while ensuring business continuity if they experience a cyber-attack or natural disaster. Client’s data is vaulted at two data centers with the maintenance of retention schedules for corporate governances and regulations all to meet their back to work objective in a disaster. F- 11 2) Managed Services These services are performed at the inception of a contract. The Company provides professional assistance to its clients during the implementation processes. On-boarding and set-up services ensure that the solution or software is installed properly and function as designed to provide clients with the best solutions. In addition, clients that are managed service clients have a requirement for DSC to offer time and material billing supplementing the client’s staff. The Company also derives both one-time and subscription-based revenue from providing support, management and renewal of software, hardware, third party maintenance contracts and third-party cloud services to clients. The managed services include help desk, remote access, operating system and software patch management, annual recovery tests and manufacturer support for equipment and on-going monitoring of client system performance. 3) Equipment and Software The Company provides equipment and software and actively participates in collaboration with IBM to provide innovative business solutions to clients. The Company is a partner of IBM and the various software, infrastructure and hybrid cloud solutions provided to clients. 4) Nexxis Voice over Internet and Direct Internet Access The Company provides VoIP, Internet access and data transport services to ensure businesses are fully connected to the internet from any location, remote and on premise. The company provides Hosted VoIP solutions with equipment options for IP phones and internet speeds of up to 10Gb delivered over fiber optics. Disaggregation of revenue In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by major product line, geography, and timing of revenue recognition. Schedule of revenue is disaggregated by major product For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 United States International Total Infrastructure & Disaster Recovery/Cloud Service $ 9,487,329 $ 208,504 $ 9,695,833 Equipment and Software 6,056,723 — 6,056,723 Managed Services 7,903,736 136,648 8,040,384 Nexxis VoIP Services 1,012,193 — 1,012,193 Other 150,950 3,493 154,443 Total Revenue $ 24,610,931 $ 348,645 $ 24,959,576 For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 United States International Total Cloud Infrastructure & Disaster Recovery $ 8,116,523 $ 183,855 $ 8,300,378 Equipment and Software 6,194,634 — 6,194,634 Managed Services 8,323,329 122,126 8,445,455 Nexxis Services 799,675 — 799,675 Other 130,695 — 130,695 Total Revenue $ 23,564,856 $ 305,981 $ 23,870,837 For the Year Ended December 31, Timing of revenue recognition 2023 2022 Products transferred at a point in time $ 6,211,166 $ 6,325,328 Products and services transferred over time 18,748,410 17,545,509 Total Revenue $ 24,959,576 $ 23,870,837 F- 12 Contract receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and are uncollateralized, non-interest-bearing client obligations. Provisions for estimated uncollectible accounts receivable are made for individual accounts based upon specific facts and circumstances including criteria such as their age, amount, and client standing. Sales are generally recorded in the month the service is provided. For clients who are billed on an annual basis, deferred revenue is recorded and amortized over the life of the contract. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $ 146,159 in sales that was recorded as deferred revenue as of December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $ 277,375 in sales that was recorded as deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations The Company has the following performance obligations: 1) Data Vaulting : Subscription-based cloud service that encrypts and transfers data to a secure Tier 3 data center and further replicates the data to a second Tier 3 DSC technical center where it remains encrypted. Ensuring client retention schedules for corporate compliance and disaster recovery. Provides for twenty-four (24) hour or less recovery time and utilizes advanced data reduction, reduplication technology to shorten back-up and restore time. 2) High Availability : A managed cloud subscription-based service that provides cost-effective mirroring software replication technology and provides one (1) hour or less recovery time for a client to be back in business. 3) Cloud Infrastructure : subscription-based cloud service provides for “capacity on-demand” for IBM Power and X86 Intel server systems. 4) Internet : Subscription-based service, offering continuous internet connection combined with FailSAFE which provides disaster recovery for both a clients’ voice and data environments. 5) Support and Maintenance : Subscription based service offers support for clients on their servers, firewalls, desktops or software. Services are provided 24x7x365 to our clients. 6) Implementation / Set-Up Fees : Onboarding and set-up for cloud infrastructure and disaster recovery as well as Cyber Security. 7) Equipment sales : Sale of servers and data storage equipment to the client. 9) License : Granting SSL certificates and licenses. Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Solutions Subscription services allow clients to access data or receive services for a predetermined period of time. As the client obtains access at a point in time and continues to have access for the remainder of the subscription period, the client is considered to simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided by the entity’s performance as the entity performs. Accordingly, the related performance obligation is considered to be satisfied ratably over the contract term. As the performance obligation is satisfied evenly across the term of the contract, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Initial Set-Up Fees The Company accounts for set-up fees as a separate performance obligation. Set-up services are performed one-time and accordingly the revenue is recognized at the point in time, and is non-refundable, and the Company is entitled to the payment. Equipment Sales The obligation for the equipment sales is such that the control of the product transfer is at a point in time (i.e., when the goods have been shipped or delivered to the client’s location, depending on shipping terms). Noting that the satisfaction of the performance obligation, in this sense, does not occur over time, the performance obligation is considered to be satisfied at a point in time when the obligation to the client has been fulfilled (i.e., when the goods have left the shipping facility or delivered to the client, depending on shipping terms). F- 13 License - granting SSL certificates and other licenses Performance obligations as it relates to licensing is when the control of the product transfers, either at a point in time or over time, depending on the nature of the license. The revenue standard identifies two types of licenses of IP: (i) a right to access IP; and, (ii) a right to use IP. To assist in determining whether a license provides a right to use or a right to access IP, ASC 606 defines two categories of IP: Functional and Symbolic. The Company’s license arrangements typically do not require the Company to make its proprietary content available to the client either through a download or through a direct connection. Throughout the life of the contract the Company does not continue to provide updates or upgrades to the license granted. Based on the guidance, the Company considers its license offerings to be akin to functional IP and recognizes revenue at the point in time the license is granted and/or renewed for a new period. Payment Terms The typical terms of subscription contracts range from 12 to 36 months, with auto-renew options extending the contract for an additional term. The Company invoices clients one month in advance for its services, in addition to any contractual data overages or for additional services. Warranties The Company offers guaranteed service levels and service guarantees on some of its contracts. These warranties are not sold separately and are accounted as “assurance warranties”. Significant Judgement In the instance where contracts have multiple performance obligations the Company uses judgment to establish a stand-alone price for each performance obligation. The price for each performance obligation is determined by reviewing market data for similar services as well as the Company’s historical pricing of each individual service. The sum of each performance obligation is calculated to determine the aggregate price for the individual services. The proportion of each individual service to the aggregate price is determined. The ratio is applied to the total contract price in order to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might not be recoverable. An impairment loss, measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value, is recognized if the carrying amount exceeds estimated un-discounted future cash flows. Advertising Costs The Company expenses the costs associated with advertising as they are incurred. The Company incurred $ 815,674 and $ 966,268 for advertising costs for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation The Company follows the requirements of FASB ASC 718-10-10, Share-Based Payments with regards to stock-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees. The Company has agreements and arrangements that call for stock to be awarded to the employees and consultants at various times as compensation and periodic bonuses. The expense for this stock-based compensation is equal to the fair value of the stock price on the day the stock was awarded multiplied by the number of shares awarded. The Company has a relatively low forfeiture rate of stock-based compensation, and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. F- 14 The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of the options issued during the period is the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of a number of assumptions including the volatility of the stock price, the average risk-free interest rate, and the weighted average expected life of the options. Risk-free interest rates are calculated based on continuously compounded risk-free rates for the appropriate term. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid or declared any cash dividends on its Common Stock and does not intend to pay dividends on its Common Stock in the foreseeable future. The expected forfeiture rate is estimated based on management’s best assessment. Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which DSC’s stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the expected life of the award. The Company’s calculation of estimated volatility is based on historical stock prices over a period equal to the expected life of the awards. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) adjusted for income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion of potential common shares from contracts that may be settled in stock or cash by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, common stock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. The following table sets forth the information needed to compute basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022: Schedule of earning per share basic and diluted Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Shareholders $ 381,575 $ ( 4,356,802 ) Weighted average number of common shares - basic 6,841,094 6,775,140 Dilutive securities Options 373,975 — Warrants — — Weighted average number of common shares - diluted 7,215,069 6,775,140 Earnings (Loss) per share, basic $ 0.06 $ ( 0.64 ) Earnings (Loss) per share, diluted $ 0.05 $ ( 0.64 ) The following table sets forth the number of potential shares of common stock that have been excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share because their effect was anti-dilutive: Schedule of anti-dilutive income (loss) per share Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 Options 221,372 301,391 Warrants 2,415,860 2,419,193 2,637,232 2,720,584 Note 3 - Prepaids and other current assets F- 15 Prepaids and other current assets consist of the following: Schedule of prepaids and other current assets December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Prepaid marketing & promotion $ 13,525 $ 4,465 Prepaid subscriptions and license 362,760 439,088 Prepaid maintenance 31,311 45,216 Prepaid insurance 63,247 54,564 Other 42,332 41,333 Total prepaids and other current assets $ 513,175 $ 584,666 Note 4- Property and Equipment Property and equipment, at cost, consist of the following: Schedule of property and equipment December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Storage equipment $ 60,288 $ 60,288 Furniture and fixtures 21,625 20,860 Leasehold improvements 20,983 20,983 Computer hardware and software 117,379 93,062 Data center equipment 7,617,950 6,973,295 Gross Property and equipment 7,838,225 7,168,488 Less: Accumulated depreciation ( 5,105,451 ) ( 4,956,698 ) Net property and equipment $ 2,732,774 $ 2,211,790 Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 was $ 1,024,034 and $ 946,989 , respectively. Note 5 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and intangible assets consisted of the following: Schedule of goodwill and intangible assets Estimated life in years Gross amount December 31, 2023, Accumulated Amortization Net Intangible assets not subject to amortization Goodwill Indefinite $ 4,238,671 $ — $ 4,238,671 Trademarks Indefinite 514,268 — 514,268 Total intangible assets not subject to amortization 4,752,939 — 4,752,939 Intangible assets subject to amortization Customer lists 7 2,614,099 1,434,218 1,179,881 ABC acquired contracts 5 310,000 310,000 — SIAS acquired contracts 5 660,000 660,000 — Non-compete agreements 4 272,147 272,147 — Website and Digital Assets 3 33,002 29,067 3,935 Total intangible assets subject to amortization 3,889,248 2,705,432 1,183,816 Total Goodwill and Intangible Assets $ 8,642,187 $ 2,705,432 $ 5,936,755 F- 16 Scheduled amortization over the next five years are as follows: Schedule of amortization over the next two years Twelve months ending December 31, 2024 $ 271,078 2025 267,143 2026 267,143 2027 267,143 2028 111,309 Thereafter — Total $ 1,183,816 Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 was $ 277,560 and $ 278,922 respectively. Note 6- Leases Operating Leases The Company currently maintains two leases for office space located in Melville, NY. The first lease for office space in Melville, NY commenced on September 1, 2019. The term of this lease is for three years and eleven months and runs co-terminus with our existing lease in the same building. The base annual rent is $ 11,856 payable in equal monthly installments of $ 988 . A second lease for office space in Melville, NY, was entered into on November 20, 2017, which commenced on April 2, 2018. The term of this lease is five years and three months at $ 86,268 per year with an escalation of 3% per year and expires on July 31, 2023. On July 31, 2021, the Company signed a three-year lease for approximately 2,880 square feet of office space at 980 North Federal Highway, Boca Raton, FL. The commencement date of the lease was August 2, 2021 . The monthly rent is approximately $ 4,965 . The Company leases cages and racks for technical space in Tier 3 data centers in New York, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. These leases are month to month. The monthly rent is approximately $ 39,000 . The Company also leases technical space in Dallas, TX. The lease term is thirteen months and monthly payments are $ 1,403 . The lease term expires on July 31, 2023. On January 1, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space with WeWork in Austin, TX. The lease term is six months and requires monthly payments of $ 1,470 and expires on June 30, 2022 . Subsequent to June 30, 2022, the Company is on a $ 3,073 month-to-month lease with WeWork in Austin, TX. Finance Lease Obligations On June 1, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a finance company to lease technical equipment. The lease obligation was payable in monthly installments of $ 5,008 . The lease carried an interest rate of 7 % and was a three-year lease. The term of the lease ended June 1, 2023 . On June 29, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for technical equipment with a finance company. The lease obligation was payable in monthly installments of $ 5,050 . The lease carried an interest rate of 7 % and was a three-year lease. The term of the lease ended June 29, 2023 . On July 31, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for technical equipment with a finance company. The lease obligation was payable in monthly installments of $ 4,524 . The lease carried an interest rate of 7 % and was a three-year lease. The term of the lease ended July 31, 2023 . F- 17 On November 1, 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a finance company for technical equipment. The lease obligation is payable in monthly installments of $ 3,152 . The lease carries an interest rate of 6 % and is a three-year lease. The term of the lease ends November 1, 2024 . On January 1, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a finance company for technical equipment. The lease obligation is payable in monthly installments of $ 17,718 . The lease carries an interest rate of 5 % and is a three-year lease. The term of the lease ends January 1, 2025 . On January 1, 2022, the Company entered into a technical equipment lease with a finance company. The lease obligation is payable in monthly installments of $ 2,037 . The lease carries an interest rate of 6 % and is a three-year lease. The term of the lease ends January 1, 2025 . Finance Lease Obligations – Related Party On April 1, 2018, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading Inc. (“Systems Trading”) to refinance all equipment leases into one lease. This lease obligation was payable to Systems Trading with bi-monthly installments of $ 23,475 . The lease carried an interest rate of 5 % and is a four-year lease. The term of the lease ended April 16, 2022 . Systems Trading is owned and operated by Harold Schwartz the president of CloudFirst. On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading. This lease obligation was payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $ 29,592 . The lease carried an interest rate of 6.75 % and was a five-year lease. The term of the lease ended December 31, 2023 . On April 1, 2019, the Company entered into two lease agreements with Systems Trading to add data center equipment. The first lease calls for monthly installments of $ 1,328 and expires on March 1, 2022 . It carries an interest rate of 7 %. The second lease calls for monthly installments of $ 461 and expires on March 1, 2022 . It carries an interest rate of 6.7 %. On January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading to lease equipment. The lease obligation was payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $ 10,534 . The lease carried an interest rate of 6 % and was a three-year lease. The term of the lease ended January 1, 2023 . On March 4, 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading effective April 1, 2021. This lease obligation is payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $ 1,567 and expires on March 31, 2024 . The lease carries an interest rate of 8 %. On January 1, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading effective January 1, 2022. This lease obligation is payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $ 7,145 and expires on April 1, 2025 . The lease carries an interest rate of 8 %. On April 1, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading effective May 1, 2022. This lease obligation is payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $ 6,667 and expires on February 1, 2025 . The lease carries an interest rate of 8 %. The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Right of Use “ROU” assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company’s lease term includes options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, per the election of the practical expedient. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company recognizes variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate are initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement date, otherwise variable lease payments are recognized in the period incurred. A discount rate of 5 % was used in preparation of the ROU asset and operating liabilities. The components of lease expense were as follows: F- 18 Schedule of components of lease expense Year Ended December 31, 2023 Finance leases: Amortization of assets, included in depreciation and amortization expense $ 970,392 Interest on lease liabilities, included in interest expense 65,057 Operating lease: Amortization of assets, included in total operating expense 141,012 Interest on lease liabilities, included in total operating expense 5,279 Total net lease cost $ 1,181,740 Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: Operating Leases: Operating lease right-of-use asset $ 62,981 Current operating lease liabilities $ 63,983 Noncurrent operating lease liabilities — Total operating lease liabilities $ 63,983 December 31, 2023 Finance leases: Property and equipment, at cost $ 5,521,716 Accumulated amortization ( 4,493,204 ) Property and equipment, net $ 1,028,512 Current obligations of finance leases $ 499,544 Finance leases, net of current obligations 37,938 Total finance lease liabilities $ 537,482 Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases were as follows: Schedule of supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases Year Ended December 31, 2023 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows related to operating leases $ 168,446 Financing cash flows related to finance leases $ 880,493 Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): Operating leases 0.84 Finance leases 2.80 Weighted average discount rate: Operating leases 4 % Finance leases 7 % Long-term obligations under the operating and finance leases at December 31, 2023, mature as follows: Schedule of related party and non-related finance leases For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, Operating Leases Finance Leases 2024 65,458 485,187 2025 — 71,764 Total lease payments 65,458 556,951 Less: Amounts representing interest ( 1,475 ) ( 19,469 ) Total lease obligations 63,983 537,482 Less: long-term obligations — ( 37,938 ) Total current $ 63,983 $ 499,544 As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no additional significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced. Rent expense under all operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 276,676 and $ 212,948 , respectively. F- 19 Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies As part of the Flagship acquisition the Company acquired a licensing agreement for marketing related materials with a National Football League team. The Company has approximately $ 0.6 million in payments over the next 3 years. Note 8 - Stockholders’ Equity Capital Stock The Company has 260,000,000 authorized shares of capital stock, consisting of 250,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0 .001 , and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0 .001 per share. On May 1, 2022, the Company issued 125,000 shares of its Restricted Common Stock to employees in exchange for services at a fair value of $ 400,000 . During the year ended December 31, 2022, employees exercised 3,334 options into shares of Common Stock. The Company received $ 6,934 for these options. During the year ended December 31, 2023, employees exercised 833 options into shares of Common Stock. The Company received $ 1,699 for these options. Common Stock Options On June 5, 2023, the Company registered an additional 700,000 shares of common stock under the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. A summary of the Company’s options activity and related information follows: Schedule of option activity and related information Number of Weighted Weighted Shares Range of Average Average Under Option Price Exercise Contractual Options Per Share Price Life Options Outstanding at January 1, 2021 267,467 $ 2.00 – 16.00 $ 5.19 6.94 Options Granted 117,343 1.48 – 5.87 2.72 10.00 Exercised ( 3,334 ) 2.00 – 2.16 2.08 — Expired/Cancelled ( 80,085 ) 2.00 – 16.00 7.49 — Options Outstanding at December 31, 2022 301,391 $ 2.00 – 15.76 $ 3.46 7.45 Options Granted 354,685 1.48 – 15.76 1.93 10.00 Exercised ( 833 ) 2.04 2.04 — Expired/Cancelled ( 59,896 ) 2.16 – 5.80 4.14 — Options Outstanding at December 31, 2023 595,347 $ 1.48 - 14.00 $ 2.48 6.87 Options Exercisable at December 31, 2023 192,989 $ 1.48 – 14.00 $ 3.34 5.82 Share-based compensation expense for options totaling $ 315,815 and $ 282,193 was recognized in our results for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The intrinsic value of outstanding options as of December 31, 2023, and 2022 was $ 391,283 and $ 0 respectively. The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of the options issued during the year was the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of a number of assumptions including the volatility of the stock price, the average risk-free interest rate, and the weighted average expected life of the options. F- 20 The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds whose maturity period is appropriate for the term of the options. Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which the Company’s stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the expected life of the award. The Company’s calculation of estimated volatility is based on historical stock prices of the Company over a period equal to the expected life of the awards. As of December 31, 2023, there was $ 567,810 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested employee options granted under the Company’s share-based compensation plans that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.1 years. The weighted average fair value of options granted, and the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model during the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, are set forth in the table below. Schedule of weighted average fair value of options granted 2023 2022 Weighted average fair value of options granted $ 1.74 $ 2.72 Risk-free interest rate 3.48 % - 4.59 % 1.63 % - 3.83 % Volatility 133 - 199 % 199 - 214 % Expected life (years) 5 – 10 years 10 years Dividend yield — % — % Share-based awards, restricted stock award (“RSAs”) On March 31, 2022, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 12,500 RSA’s Compensation as a group amount of $ 40,375 . The shares vest one year after issuance. On June 30, 2022, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 12,500 RSA’s Compensation as a group amount of $ 30,625 . The shares vest one year after issuance. On September 30, 2022, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 12,500 RSA’s Compensation as a group amount of $ 25,000 . The shares vest one year after issuance. On December 31, 2022, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 12,500 RSA’s Compensation as a group amount of $ 18,500 . The shares vest one year after issuance. On March 1, 2023, the Company granted certain employees an aggregate of 73,530 RSA’s. Compensation as a group amount to $ 130,883 . The shares vest one third each year for three years after issuance. On March 28, 2023, the Company granted certain employees an aggregate of 44,942 RSA’s. Compensation as a group amount to $ 72,357 . The shares vest one third each year for three years after issuance. On March 31, 2023, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 12,500 RSA’s Compensation as a group amount of $ 22,750 . The shares vest one year after issuance. On April 10, 2023, the Company granted certain employees an aggregate of 50,000 RSA’s. Compensation as a group amounted to $ 90,000 . The shares vest one third each year for three years after issuance. On June 30, 2023, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 12,500 RSAs Compensation as a group amount of $ 29,125 . The shares vest one year after issuance. On September 30, 2023, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 12,500 RSAs Compensation as a group amount of $ 38,875 . The shares vest one year after issuance. F- 21 On October 11, 2023, the Company granted certain employees an aggregate of 687 RSA’s. Compensation as a group amount to $ 2,497 . The shares vest one third each year for three years after issuance. On December 31, 2023, the Board resolved that the Company shall issue to Board members an aggregate of 10,000 RSAs Compensation as a group amount of $ 28,751 . The shares vest one year after issuance. A summary of the activity related to RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2023, is presented below: Schedule of non-vested restricted stock units Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) Shares Fair Value RSUs non-vested at January 1, 2022 — — RSUs granted 50,000 $ 1.48 - 3.23 RSUs vested — — RSUs forfeited — — RSUs non-vested at December 31, 2022 50,000 $ 1.48 – 3.23 RSUs granted 216,659 $ 1.61 – 3.63 RSUs vested ( 57,500 ) $ 1.48 – 3.23 RSUs forfeited — — RSUs non-vested at December 31, 2023 209,159 $ 1.48 - 3.23 Stock-based compensation for RSU’s has been recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and totaled $ 190,389 and $ 52,285 for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there was $ 289,188 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs granted under the Company’s share-based compensation plans that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.1 years. Common Stock Warrants A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information follows: Schedule of warrant activity and related information Schedule of warrant activity and related information Weighted Number of Range of Weighted Average Shares Option Price Average Contractual Under Options Per Share Exercise Price Life Warrant Outstanding at January 1, 2022 2,419,193 $ 7.43 – 0.40 $ 6.87 4.67 Warrant Granted — — — — Warrant Outstanding at December 31, 2022 2,419,193 $ 7.43 – 0.40 $ 6.87 3.67 Warrant Granted — — — — Warrant Expired ( 3,333 ) 0.40 0.40 — Warrant Outstanding at December 31, 2023 2,415,860 $ 7.43 – 0.40 $ 6.88 2.67 Warrant Exercisable at December 31, 2023 2,415,860 $ 7.43 – 0.40 $ 6.88 2.67 The intrinsic value of outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 0 and $ 3,600 respectively. F- 22 Preferred Stock Liquidation preference Upon any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any Common Stock, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Corporation legally available for distribution to stockholders, for each share of Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder, an amount per share of Series A Preferred Stock equal to the Original Issue Price for such share of Series A Preferred Stock plus all accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of Series A Preferred Stock as of the date of the Liquidation Event. No Preferred shares are issued as of December 31, 2022. Conversion The number of shares of Common Stock to which a share of Series A Preferred Stock may be converted shall be the product obtained by dividing the Original Issue Price of such share of Series A Preferred Stock by the then-effective Conversion Price (as defined herein) for such share of Series A Preferred Stock. The Conversion Price for the Series A Preferred Stock shall initially be equal to $0.02 and shall be adjusted from time to time. Voting Each holder of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes, upon any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation (or action taken by written consent in lieu of any such meeting) equal to the number of shares of Class B Common Stock into which such shares of Series A Preferred Stock could be converted. Dividends Each share of Series A Preferred Stock, in preference to the holders of all common stock, shall entitle its holder to receive, but only out of funds that are legally available therefore, cash dividends at the rate of ten percent ( 10 %) per annum from the Original Issue Date on the Original Issue Price for such share of Series A Preferred Stock, compounding annually unless paid by the Company. On May 18, 2021, the Company converted 1,401,786 shares of Series A Preferred Stock into 43,806 shares of common stock. Accrued dividends at December 31, 2022, were $ 0 . There are no shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. Note 9 - Income Taxes The components of deferred taxes are as follows: Schedule of components of deferred taxes Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carry forwards $ 2,444,000 $ 2,368,000 Other 195,000 163,000 Total deferred tax assets 2,639,000 2,531,000 Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment — ( 211,000 ) Intangibles ( 225,000 ) ( 1,180,000 ) Other ( 65,000 ) ( 63,000 ) Total deferred tax liabilities ( 290,000 ) ( 1,454,000 ) Valuation Allowance ( 2,349,000 ) ( 1,077,000 ) Net deferred tax liabilities $ — $ — F- 23 The Company had federal and state net operating tax loss carry-forwards of $ 7,615,981 and $ 11,720,048 , respectively as of December 31, 2023. The tax loss carry-forwards are available to offset future taxable income with the federal and state carry-forwards beginning to expire in 2029. In 2023 and 2022, net deferred tax assets did not change due to the full allowance. The gross amount of the asset is predominantly due to the net operating loss carry-forward. The realization of the tax benefits is subject to the sufficiency of taxable income in future years. The combined deferred tax assets represent the amounts expected to be realized before expiration. The Company periodically assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. The Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible profits. As a result of this analysis of all available evidence, both positive and negative, the Company concluded that it is more likely than not that its net deferred tax assets will ultimately not be recovered and, accordingly, a valuation allowance was recorded as of December 31, 2023, and 2022. A reconciliation of the Company’s effective income tax rate to the expected income tax rate, computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 to the Company’s loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes, is as follows: Schedule of expected income tax expense benefit 2023 2022 U.S. Federal Statutory Rate 21.0 % 21.0 % State Taxes 7.3 % 7.1 % Other permanent and prior period adjustments 9.1 % — % Valuation allowance ( 37.4 )% ( 28.1 )% Income tax provision — % — % Note 10 – Litigation We are currently not involved in any litigation that we believe could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of our Company or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting DSC, its common stock, any of its subsidiaries or of DSC’s or DSC’s subsidiaries’ officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect. Note 11 – Related Party Transactions Finance Lease Obligations – Related Party During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into two related party finance lease obligations. See Note 6 for details. Nexxis Capital LLC Charles M. Piluso (Chairman and CEO) and Harold Schwartz (President) collectively own 100% of Nexxis Capital LLC (“Nexxis Capital”). Nexxis Capital was formed to purchase equipment and provide leases to Nexxis Inc.’s customers. The Company received funds of $ 32,283 and $ 39,172 during the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Eisner & Maglione CPA’s LLC Lawrence Maglione is a partner of Eisner & Maglione CPA’s LLC. The Company paid his firm $ 34,644 and $ 30,760 for accounting and due diligence services during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively. F- 24 Note 12 – Segment Information We operate in three reportable segments: Nexxis, Flagship Solutions Group, and CloudFirst. Our segments were determined based on our internal organizational structure, the manner in which our operations are managed, and the criteria used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) to evaluate performance, which is generally the segment’s operating income or losses. Schedule of segment reporting income or losses Operations of: Products and services provided: Nexxis Inc Nexxis is a single-source solution provider that delivers fully-managed cloud-based voice services, data transport, internet access, and SD-WAN solutions focused on business continuity for today’s modern business environment. Flagship Solutions, LLC Flagship Solutions Group (FSG) is a managed service provider. FSG invoices clients primarily for services that assist the clients’ technical teams. FSG has few technical assets and utilizes the assets or software of other cloud providers, whereby managing 3rd party infrastructure. FSG periodically sells equipment and software. CloudFirst Technologies Corporation CloudFirst, provides services from CloudFirst technological assets deployed in six Tier 3 data centers throughout the USA and Canada. This technology has been developed by CloudFirst. Clients are invoiced for cloud infrastructure and disaster recovery on the CloudFirst platform. Services provided to clients are provided on a subscription basis on long term contracts. The following tables present certain financial information related to our reportable segments and Corporate: Schedule of financial information related to reportable segments As of December 31, 2023 CloudFirst Technologies Flagship Solutions LLC Nexxis Inc. Corporate Total Accounts receivable $ 528,810 $ 701,010 $ 30,152 — $ 1,259,972 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 353,881 65,373 18,157 75,764 513,175 Net Property and Equipment 2,706,435 20,790 2,905 2,644 2,732,774 Intangible assets, net 279,268 1,418,816 — — 1,698,084 Goodwill 3,015,700 1,222,971 — — 4,238,671 Operating lease right-of-use assets — 62,981 — — 62,981 All other assets — — — 12,795,362 12,795,362 Total Assets $ 6,884,094 $ 3,491,941 $ 51,214 $ 12,873,770 $ 23,301,019 Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 687,342 $ 1,333,621 $ 65,161 $ 522,814 $ 2,608,938 Deferred revenue 231,253 104,948 — — 336,201 Total Finance leases payable 281,241 — — — 281,241 Total Finance leases payable related party 256,241 — — — 256,241 Total Operating lease liabilities — 63,983 — — 63,983 Total Liabilities $ 1,456,077 $ 1,502,552 $ 65,161 $ 522,814 $ 3,546,604 As of December 31, 2022 CloudFirst Technologies Flagship Solutions LLC Nexxis Inc. Corporate Total Accounts receivable $ 1,543,749 $ 1,924,184 $ 34,903 $ — $ 3,502,836 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 285,306 213,826 16,799 68,735 584,666 Net Property and Equipment 2,192,085 19,705 — — 2,211,790 Intangible assets, net 279,268 1,696,376 — — 1,975,644 Goodwill 3,015,700 1,222,971 — — 4,238,671 Operating lease right-of-use assets 58,740 167,761 — — 226,501 All other assets — — — 11,346,127 11,346,127 Total Assets $ 7,374,848 $ 5,244,823 $ 51,702 $ 11,414,862 $ 24,086,235 Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 1,069,278 $ 1,563,408 $ 40,091 $ 534,800 $ 3,207,577 Deferred revenue 115,335 165,725 — — 281,060 Total Finance leases payable 641,110 — — — 641,110 Total Finance leases payable related party 776,864 — — — 776,864 Total Operating lease liabilities 62,960 169,469 — — 232,429 Total Liabilities $ 2,665,547 $ 1,898,602 $ 40,091 $ 534,800 $ 5,139,040 F- 25 For the year ended December 31, 2023 CloudFirst Technologies Flagship Solutions LLC Nexxis Inc. Corporate Total Sales $ 13,510,866 $ 10,351,783 $ 1,096,927 $ — $ 24,959,576 Cost of sales 7,097,844 7,651,993 633,414 — 15,383,251 Gross Profit 6,413,022 2,699,790 463,513 — 9,576,325 Selling, general and administrative 2,723,593 2,388,600 692,185 2,638,764 8,443,142 Depreciation and amortization 1,016,901 283,337 705 651 1,301,594 Total operating expenses 3,740,494 2,671,937 692,890 2,639,415 9,744,736 Income (Loss) from Operations 2,672,528 27,853 ( 229,377 ) ( 2,639,415 ) ( 168,411 ) Interest expense, net ( 74,502 ) — — 542,229 467,727 Total Other Income (Expense) ( 74,502 ) — — 542,229 467,727 Income (Loss) before provision for income taxes $ 2,598,026 $ 27,853 $ ( 229,377 ) $ ( 2,097,186 ) $ 299,316 For the year ended December 31, 2022 CloudFirst Technologies Flagship Solutions LLC Nexxis Inc. Corporate Total Sales $ 11,543,726 $ 11,395,770 $ 931,341 $ — $ 23,870,837 Cost of sales 6,145,450 9,041,684 600,410 — 15,787,544 Gross Profit 5,398,276 2,354,086 330,931 — 8,083,293 Selling, general and administrative 2,391,613 3,599,572 403,370 2,216,842 8,611,397 Impairment of goodwill — 2,322,000 — — 2,322,000 Depreciation and amortization 943,227 282,684 — — 1,225,911 Total operating expenses 3,334,840 6,204,256 403,370 2,216,842 12,159,308 Income (Loss) from Operations 2,063,436 ( 3,850,170 ) ( 72,439 ) ( 2,216,842 ) ( 4,076,015 ) Interest expense, net ( 138,365 ) ( 319 ) — 8,597 ( 130,087 ) Other expense — ( 75,418 ) — — ( 75,418 ) Impairment of deferred offering costs — — — ( 127,343 ) ( 127,343 ) Total Other Income (Expense) ( 138,365 ) ( 75,737 ) — ( 118,746 ) ( 332,848 ) Income (Loss) before provision for income taxes $ 1,925,071 $ ( 3,925,907 ) $ ( 72,439 ) $ ( 2,335,588 ) $ ( 4,408,863 ) Note 13 - Subsequent Events Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company issued 122,089 options to employees through the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. These options vest over three years and have exercise prices ranging from $ 2.93 - $ 3.22 . Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space in Melville, NY. The lease term is sixty-seven months and requires monthly payments of $ 11,931 .08 and expires on October 30, 2029. F- 26 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, under the supervision and with the participation of DSC’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, DSC conducted an evaluation of its disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act defines “disclosure controls and procedures” as controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to a company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level at December 31, 2023. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met. As set forth above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, based on the evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system were met. Management ’ s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Management conducted an assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the framework and criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting is effective. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting As described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2023, which would affect, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “nonRule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not Applicable 38 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The following table sets forth the names, ages, and positions of the Company’s executive officers and directors. Executive officers are elected annually by its Board of Directors. Each executive officer holds his office until he resigns, is removed by the Board, or his successor is elected and qualified. Each director holds his office until his successor is elected and qualified or his earlier resignation or removal. Name Age Position Charles M. Piluso 70 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer Chris H. Panagiotakos 51 Chief Financial Officer Harold J. Schwartz 59 Director, President Thomas C. Kempster 57 Director, Executive Vice President John Argen 69 Director Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. 62 Director Matthew Grover 56 Director Todd A. Correll 56 Director Clifford Stein 66 Director Nancy M. Stallone 63 Director Uwayne A. Mitchell 40 Director Charles M. Piluso, Chairman of the Board and, Chief Executive Officer Mr. Piluso holds the positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer at Data Storage Corporation. Additionally, assumed the role of Treasurer in 2020. His entrepreneurial spirit led to the co-founding of our subsidiary, CloudFirst Technologies Corporation, in 2001. Prior to his tenure at Data Storage Corporation, Mr. Piluso co-founded North American Telecommunication Corporation, serving as its Chairman and President, and played a pivotal role in its growth as a facilities-based Competitive Local Exchange Carrier licensed in ten states. His leadership extended to International Telecommunications Corporation, where he served as Chairman and Founder, culminating in a successful consolidation that went public in 1997 with a value of $800 million. Mr. Piluso's academic credentials include a bachelor’s degree, a Master of Arts in Political Science and Public Administration, and a Master of Business Administration, all earned from St. John’s University. Past roles include Instructor Professor at St. John’s University, College of Business, and his service on the Board of Trustees of Molloy College from 2001 to 2013. Additionally, he has contributed to institutions such as St. John’s University, where he served on the Board of Governors from 2001 to 2016, earning the title of Governor Emeritus. Currently, Mr. Piluso serves on the Board of Advisors for the Nassau County Police Department Foundation. We believe that Mr. Piluso’s technical expertise and management experience in the technology and communications sectors make him qualified to serve as a member of our Board. Chris H. Panagiotakos, Chief Financial Officer Mr. Panagiotakos assumed the role of Chief Financial Officer for the Company on May 18, 2021. Prior to joining us, he served as the Vice President, Corporate Controller of Cineverse Corp., formerly Cinedigm Corp., from April 2017 to March 2021. In this capacity, he oversaw the company’s accounting function, managed external audits, ensured compliance, and implemented controls while also focusing on staff training and development. Preceding his tenure as Vice President, Corporate Controller, Mr. Panagiotakos held the position of Corporate Assistant Controller at Cinedigm Corp. from October 2013 to April 2017. With over 26 years of experience in public company accounting, Mr. Panagiotakos brings a wealth of expertise to our financial leadership team. His extensive background includes various roles within the accounting department at Young Broadcasting Inc. from September 2004 to October 2013, including serving as Controller of one of its divisions and as Assistant Corporate Controller. Mr. Panagiotakos is a Certified Public Accountant and holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from Bernard M. Baruch College, as well as a Master of Business Administration from Texas A&M University-Commerce. His comprehensive knowledge and proficiency in public company accounting matters make him a valuable asset to our financial operations. 39 Harold J. Schwartz, President and Director Mr. Schwartz assumes the pivotal roles of President and Director at our organization, a position he has held since December 2016. His contributions to the Company's success extend beyond his tenure as Treasurer from 2016 to 2020. Additionally, he serves as President of CloudFirst and holds a seat on its board of directors. With a professional background spanning from 1988 to 2016, Mr. Schwartz served as Vice President of ABC Services, Inc., a company he co-founded. During his tenure, he played a key role in steering the strategic direction, operations, and business development of ABC Services and other affiliated ventures. Over the course of three decades, Mr. Schwartz has leveraged his expertise in IBM business systems, business continuity, and cybersecurity to empower organizations in enhancing IT performance, safeguarding data, and optimizing costs. Mr. Schwartz's entrepreneurial spirit led him to establish Systems Trading, Inc. in 1997, a technology leasing company, where he currently serves as Chief Executive Officer and President. Prior to founding these ventures, he honed his skills collaborating with various IBM business partners. Mr. Schwartz obtained his bachelor’s degree in business from California State University in San Bernardino. We hold confidence in Mr. Schwartz's leadership acumen and qualifications to serve as President and Board member, underpinned by his track record of steering companies to success. His extensive experience in marketing, sales, and business development, coupled with his industry knowledge, makes him an asset to our organization. Thomas C. Kempster, Executive Vice President and Director Mr. Kempster brings a wealth of experience to his role as Executive Vice President and Director, a position he has held since February 2020, along with his membership on our Board since December 2016. Prior to his current executive positions, Mr. Kempster served as the President of Service Delivery until 2021, where he played a pivotal role in laying the foundation for the company’s acclaimed customer service standards. His leadership directly contributed to the establishment of the highly rated customer service that distinguishes our company today. Before joining Data Storage Corporation, Mr. Kempster founded ABC Services in 1994 and served as its president until 2016. ABC Services, an IBM Premier partner, specialized in providing managed services, equipment, and software, with a particular focus on IBM Power systems. In 2012, ABC Services embarked on a joint venture with Data Storage Corporation, leading to the establishment of Secure Infrastructure and Services (SIAS). This collaboration marked a significant milestone in providing cloud infrastructure on IBM Power systems. Ultimately, in 2016, ABC Services was acquired by Data Storage Corporation. We firmly believe that Mr. Kempster’s extensive industry experience and diverse skill set make him exceptionally qualified to serve as a member of our Board. His practical expertise spans various competencies, underlining his valuable contributions to our organization's strategic direction and operational excellence. John Argen, Director With a tenure spanning since October 2008, Mr. Argen brings his expertise to our Board as a seasoned Business Consultant and Developer, specializing in information technology, telecommunications, and construction industries. His impressive 40-year career encompasses a wide spectrum of experiences, ranging from working with small business owners to Fortune 500 firms. As the CEO and founder of DCC Systems from 1992 to 2003, Mr. Argen demonstrated exceptional leadership in building the firm from the ground up, steering it to produce gross revenues exceeding $100 million in 2000. His innovative approach to Technology Design/Build Construction Development and Consulting Solutions earned accolades, including features on NBC's "Business Now" for his groundbreaking Technology Construction Management methodology. Prior to DCC Systems, Mr. Argen held senior management positions at ITT and Metromedia for 15 years and served as VP of Engineering & Operations at DataNet, a Wilcox & Gibbs company, for 2 years. Throughout his career, he has been deeply involved in Operations, Marketing, Systems Engineering, Telecommunications, and Information Technology, overseeing technology-related and construction projects worth over a billion dollars. Mr. Argen's commitment to continued education is evident in his completion of over 2000 hours of corporate-sponsored courses. He holds a BPS in Finance from Pace University and a Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Radio Telephone 1st Class License, further underscoring his dedication to professional growth and development. We believe that Mr. Argen's practical experience in managing the growth of companies, particularly in the technology and communication sectors, coupled with his knowledge and understanding of the industry, make him an asset to our Board. His insights and approaches will undoubtedly contribute to our ongoing success and growth initiatives. 40 Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr., Director Mr. Maglione has been a member of our Board since October 2002, bringing with him a wealth of expertise in financial management and accounting. Additionally, he has served as a director of CloudFirst since August 29, 2001. As a partner in the accounting firm Eisner & Maglione CPAs, LLC since January 2007, Mr. Maglione has demonstrated his prowess in financial stewardship and strategic guidance. With 35 years of experience in financial management, Mr. Maglione's journey with our Company traces back to its inception in 2002. Additionally, he co-founded North American Telecommunications Corporation, a local telecommunications service provider. During his tenure at North American, Mr. Maglione held the roles of Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, overseeing all finance, legal, and administration functions. Mr. Maglione's professional journey also encompasses over 35 years in public accounting, across various industries, including technology, retail services, and manufacturing. His educational background includes a Bachelor of Science degree in Accountancy from Hofstra University and a Master of Science in Taxation from Long Island University. He is also a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the New York State Society of CPAs. We are confident that Mr. Maglione's extensive experience, leadership, and understanding of industry dynamics make him an invaluable asset to our Board, contributing to our strategic vision and financial growth. Todd A. Correll, Director Mr. Correll brings experience and expertise to our Board, having previously served as a member from August 2014 until September 2017, before being reappointed on November 5, 2019. His extensive background includes roles as a financial and operations executive consultant and board member for SACo, a prominent online retail operation from 2017 to 2022. From 2001 to 2017, Mr. Correll served as the CEO of Broadsmart Florida, Inc. ("Broadsmart"), a facility-based VoIP carrier, where he played a pivotal role in its transformation from a local phone company to a nationwide carrier offering IP-based dial tone, broadband, and ancillary services. His leadership was instrumental in Broadsmart's growth and eventual acquisition by Magic Jack in 2016 for $42 million. Despite the acquisition, Mr. Correll continued to serve as CEO until 2017. Mr. Correll's educational background includes studies at Syracuse University, and he holds both a pilot's license and a USCG Captain's license, indicative of his diverse skill set and dedication to excellence. We believe that Mr. Correll's experience, particularly in the telecommunications and technology sectors, along with his proven track record of leadership and strategic insight, make him an invaluable addition to our Board, contributing to our continued growth and success. Matthew Grover, Director Mr. Grover has been a valued member of our Board since November 5, 2019. He brings with him a wealth of experience garnered from his impressive 23-year career at Altice USA, where he held various leadership positions, culminating in his role as Chief Revenue Officer (CRO). Altice USA stands as one of the nation's foremost providers of broadband communications and video services, serving approximately 4.9 million residential and business customers across 21 states through its Optimum and Suddenlink brands. During his tenure, Mr. Grover played a pivotal role in steering Altice USA's growth trajectory, overseeing diverse functions such as sales, retention, marketing, and product in both the B2C and B2B segments. Mr. Grover's journey at Altice USA commenced in 2001 when he joined the Lightpath division as Director of Sales Planning. Over the years, he demonstrated exceptional leadership and strategic acumen, earning promotions to increasingly senior roles. Notably, he served as Vice President and General Manager of Optimum West Commercial Services, where he managed all B2B operations across the Rocky Mountain States until its acquisition by Charter Communications in 2013. Subsequently, as Senior Vice President of Commercial Sales, Product, and Marketing, Mr. Grover played a pivotal role in driving commercial initiatives and expanding market reach. Prior to his tenure at Altice USA, Mr. Grover held several management positions over nearly a decade, including roles at North American Telecom and AT&T, where he honed his skills in sales, marketing, operations, and product. In addition to his corporate achievements, Mr. Grover is actively engaged in serving the community and academia. He serves as a Board Member of Data Storage Corporation and has previously contributed his expertise as a member of the Board of Trustees at Molloy College in Rockville Centre, New York. Mr. Grover holds a BA in Economics from Stony Brook University and earned his MBA from the University of Southern California. We believe that Mr. Grover is qualified to serve as a member of our Board because of his practical experience in a broad range of competencies including his public company operations experience, coupled with his strategic insight and commitment to excellence. 41 Clifford Stein, Director Mr. Stein was appointed to the board of directors on January 12, 2024, and is the Chief Executive Officer of Savitar Realty Advisors, a real estate advisory firm founded by him in 1988 which provides assistance to lenders and financial institutions on nonperforming real estate assets. He is an attorney and has been a member of the Florida Bar Association since 1982. Mr. Stein has acted as an expert witness in various litigation matters involving real estate transactions and has been appointed as a Receiver, an Examiner and a Trustee in state and federal courts. Mr. Stein previously served on our board of directors from June 2010 to November 2020. We believe that Mr. Stein is qualified to serve as a member of our Board because of his leadership and legal experience. Nancy M Stallone, Director Ms. Stallone was appointed as Director on March 5, 2024. With a background in accounting and finance, treasury and risk management, corporate governance and corporate leadership, she brings a wealth of experience to our Board. Since June 2016, Ms. Stallone has held the positions of Corporate Treasurer and Assistant Corporate Secretary at Comtech Telecommunications Corp., a global technology leader providing terrestrial and wireless network solutions, next-generation 9-1-1 emergency services, satellite and space communications technologies, and cloud-native capabilities to commercial and government customers worldwide. Prior to this role, she served as Vice President of Finance from 2006 to 2016 and as Corporate Secretary from 2016 to October 2023. Ms. Stallone's career journey includes key financial leadership roles, including Vice President of Internal Audit at Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. from 2004 to 2006 and Chief Financial Officer of North America for Techpack America, Inc., a division of Albéa Group, from 1996 to 2004. Prior to that, she held the position of Senior Manager at Deloitte & Touche LLP, where she provided financial services to various public and private companies in the manufacturing, distribution, and service industries from 1983 to 1996. A Certified Public Accountant in New York State and member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Ms. Stallone holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Long Island University and an Executive MBA from St. Joseph's University. Her commitment to education is further reflected in her previous role as an adjunct professor in accounting at St. Joseph's University. Ms. Stallone's diverse expertise in finance and accounting, treasury and risk management coupled with her extensive experience in corporate governance, makes her a valuable addition to our Board. We are confident that her strategic insights and financial acumen will contribute significantly to our Company's continued growth and success. We believe that Ms. Stallone is qualified to serve as a member of our Board because of her accounting and business experience. Uwayne A. Mitchell, Director Mr. Mitchell was appointed to the Board of Directors on March 5, 2024, and has served since December 2021 as privacy counsel to Riskonnect Inc. providing privacy legal advice on business projects and initiatives. From April 2021 until December 2021, he served as counsel to the data privacy team at The Government Employees Insurance Company (GEICO). From May 2018 until April 2021, he was an associate at the Law Office of Goldstein, Flecker & Hopkins. In 2005, upon graduation from New York Institute of Technology Mr. Mitchell worked at the Company as a computer technician. In 2009, he worked full-time at Data Storage Corporation in the daytime and attended law school at St. Johns Law School, evening division, at night. Mr. Mitchell holds a Juris Doctor from St. John’s University School of Law. We believe that Mr. Mitchell is qualified to serve as a member of our Board because of his industry and legal experience. 42 Composition of our Board of Directors Our Board of Directors currently consists of ten members. Our directors hold office until their successors have been elected and qualified or until the earlier of their death, resignation, or removal. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. Director Independence With the exception of Charles M. Piluso, Harold J. Schwartz and Thomas C. Kempster, our Board has determined that all of our present directors and our former directors are independent, in accordance with the Listing Rules of the Nasdaq (the “Nasdaq Listing Rules”). Our Board has determined that, under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, Charles M. Piluso, Harold J. Schwartz and Thomas C. Kempster are not independent directors because they are employees of the Company or its subsidiaries. Our Board has determined that: John Argen (Chair), Nancy M. Stallone and Matthew Grover are independent under the Nasdaq Listing Rules’ independence standards for the members of our Board’s audit committee (the “Audit Committee”); (Chair), Todd A. Correll, and Matthew Grover are independent under the Nasdaq Listing Rules independence standards for the members of our Board’s compensation committee (the “Compensation Committee”); and Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. (Chair), and John Argen are independent under the Nasdaq Listing Rules’ independence standards for the members of our Board’s Nominating & Corporate Governance committee (the “Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee”). Term of Office Our directors are elected for one-year terms to hold office until the next annual meeting of our shareholders or until removed from office in accordance with our bylaws. Our officers are appointed by our Board and hold office until removed by the Board. Committees of the Board of Directors The Board of Directors has a standing Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. Audit Committee The Company has an Audit Committee consisting of non-executive directors each of whom the Board has determined is an independent director pursuant to the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Audit Committee members are: John Argen (Chair), Matthew Grover and Nancy M. Stallone. The Board has determined that Nancy M. Stallone is an “Audit Committee Financial Expert” as defined by SEC rules and regulations. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the Board, which is available on our website at www.dtst.com . The charter describes in more detail the nature and scope of responsibilities of the Audit Committee. Compensation Committee The Company has a Compensation Committee consisting of non-executive directors each of whom the Board has determined is an independent director pursuant to the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Compensation Committee members are Todd A. Correll and Matthew Grover. The Compensation Committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the board of directors, which is available on our website at www.dtst.com . The charter describes in more detail the nature and scope of responsibilities of the Compensation Committee. Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee The Company has a Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee consisting of non-executive directors, each of whom the Board has determined is an independent director pursuant to the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee members include Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. (Chair) and John Argen. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the board of directors, which is available on our website at www.dtst.com . The charter describes in more detail the nature and scope of responsibilities of the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. 43 The Company does not have a formal diversity policy. However, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee evaluates each individual in the context of the Board of Directors as a whole, with the objective of recommending individuals that can best perpetuate the success of our business and represent stockholder interests through the exercise of sound business judgment and diversity of experience in various areas. We believe our current directors possess diverse professional experiences, skills, and backgrounds, in addition to, among other characteristics, high standards of personal and professional ethics, proven records of success in their respective fields, and valuable knowledge of our business and industry. Merger and Acquisition Committee The Company has a merger and acquisition committee (the “M&A Committee”) consisting of non-executive directors. The Merger and Acquisition Committee members are Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. (Chair), John Argen, and Todd A. Correll. Cyber Security & Risk Committee The Company has a cyber security & risk committee (the “Cyber Security & Risk Committee”) consisting of non-executive directors. The Cyber Security & Risk Committee members are Matthew Grover (Chair), and Uwayne A. Mitchell. Family Relationships One full-time employee is the son and directly reports to John Camello, President of Nexxis Inc. Code of Ethics The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Conduct applicable to its Directors, Officers, and Employees. A copy of our Code of Ethics and Conduct is available on our website at www.dtst.com . In addition, we intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or the Nasdaq Capital Market rules concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code of Ethics and Conduct. The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained at or available through our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this Annual Report. Stockholder Communications to the Board Stockholders who are interested in communicating directly with members of the Board, or the Board as a group, may do so by writing directly to the individual Board member c/o Secretary, Data Storage Corporation, 48 South Service Road, Melville, New York 11747. The Company’s Secretary will forward communications directly to the appropriate Board member. If the correspondence is not addressed to the particular member, the communication will be forwarded to a Board member to bring to the attention of the Board. The Company’s Secretary will review all communications before forwarding them to the appropriate Board member. Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of our common stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock. Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely on our review of copies of the reports filed with the SEC and the written representations of our directors and executive officers, we believe that the following reports were untimely: Form 4 filed by each of Todd Correll, Lawrence Maglione, John Argen, Joseph Hoffman and Matthew Grover on April 25, 2023, Form 4 filed by each of Todd Correll, Lawrence Maglione, John Argen, Joseph Hoffman and Matthew Grover on April 27, 2023, Form 4 filed by each of Todd Correll, Lawrence Maglione, John Argen, and Matthew Grover on July 5, 2023, Form 4 filed by each of Todd Correll, Lawrence Maglione, John Argen, Joseph Hoffman and Matthew Grover on October 11, 2023, Form 4 filed by John Argen on January 3, 2024, and Form 4 filed by each of Thomas Kempster, Charles Piluso, Harold Schwartz and Christos Panagiotakos on March 5, 2024. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Compensation of Executive Officers The following summary compensation table sets forth all compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to the named executive officers paid by the Company during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, in all capacities for the accounts of our executive officers, including the Chief Executive Officer. Summary Compensation Table Non-Equity Name & Principal Stock Option Incentive Plan All Other Position Year Salary Bonus Awards(1) Awards(2) Compensation Compensation Total Charles M. Piluso, Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer and Chairman of the Board 2023 $ 225,000 $ 175,000 $ 97,834 $ 88,670 — — $ 586,504 2022 $ 171,717 $ 150,000 — — — — $ 321,717 Harold J. Schwartz, President 2023 $ 215,000 $ 150,000 $ 71,177 $ 62,811 — $ 4,607 $ 503,595 2022 $ 171,717 $ 150,000 — — — — $ 321,717 Thomas C. Kempster, Executive Vice President, Strategic Development 2023 $ 215,000 $ 100,000 $ 71,177 $ 62,811 — $ 7,200 $ 456,188 2022 $ 174,808 $ 25,000 — — — — $ 199,808 (1) The Company follows the requirements of FASB ASC 718-10-10, Share-Based Payments with regards to stock-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees. Please see Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements above for more information (2) The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of the options issued during the year is the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Please see Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements above for more information. 44 Employment Agreements Executive Employment Agreements Mr. Piluso Employment Agreement On March 28, 2023, the Company entered into an employment agreement, as amended (the “Piluso Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Charles M. Piluso, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Piluso Employment Agreement is for an initial term of three years, and it will be automatically renewed for consecutive one-year terms at the end of the initial term. The Piluso Employment Agreement may be terminated with or without cause. Mr. Piluso will receive an annual base salary of $225,000 in 2023, $250,000 in 2024 and $250,000 in 2025 and shall be eligible to earn a performance bonus ranging from $75,000 to $300,000. Mr. Piluso shall also be entitled to an equity award for a total value of $100,000 per annum, which shall be equally split between RSUs and stock options, as well as 75,000 performance share units. Upon termination of Mr. Piluso without cause, or as a result of Mr. Piluso’s resignation for Good Reason (as such term is defined in the Piluso Employment Agreement) the Company shall pay or provide to Mr. Piluso severance pay equal to his base salary for the remainder of the employment term and all stock options or other similar equity compensation granted by the Company and then held by Mr. Piluso shall be accelerated and become fully vested and exercisable as of the date of Mr. Piluso’s termination. As a full-time employee of the Company, Mr. Piluso will be eligible to participate in the Company’s benefit programs. Mr. Panagiotakos Employment Agreement On March 28, 2023, the Company entered into an employment agreement, as amended (the “Panagiotakos Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Chris H. Panagiotakos, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. The Panagiotakos Employment Agreement is for an initial term of three years, and it will be automatically renewed for consecutive one-year terms at the end of the initial term. The Panagiotakos Employment Agreement may be terminated with or without cause. Mr. Panagiotakos will receive an annual base salary of $215,000 in 2023, $235,000 in 2024 and $235,000 in 2025 and shall be eligible to earn a performance bonus of 25% of his base salary. Mr. Panagiotakos shall also be entitled to an equity award for a total value equal to 25% of his base salary per annum, which shall be equally split between RSUs and stock options, a financial achievement bonus of $45,000 and a long-term incentive bonus of stock options and RSUs equal to 25% of his base salary. Upon termination of Mr. Panagiotakos without cause, or as a result of Mr. Panagiotakos’ resignation for Good Reason (as such term is defined in the Panagiotakos Employment Agreement) the Company shall pay or provide to Mr. Panagiotakos severance pay equal to his base salary for the remainder of the employment term and all stock options or other similar equity compensation granted by the Company and then held by Mr. Panagiotakos shall be accelerated and become fully vested and exercisable as of the date of Mr. Panagiotakos’ termination. As a full-time employee of the Company, Mr. Panagiotakos will be eligible to participate in the Company’s benefit programs. Other Employment Arrangements The Company does not have formal employment agreements with Harold J. Schwartz or Thomas C. Kempster. Their current and past salaries have been determined by the Compensation Committee and are re-evaluated on a yearly basis. Mr. Schwartz’s annual base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 was $171,717, which was increased to $215,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Mr. Kempster’s annual base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 was $174,808, which was increased to $215,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Mr. Schwartz and Mr. Kempster are eligible to earn RSUs and stock options, in addition to a cash bonus which is determined by the compensation committee. 2010 Incentive Award Plan On August 12, 2010, the Company adopted the Data Storage Corporation 2010 Incentive Award Plan (the “2010 Plan”) that provided for 2,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the terms of the 2010 Plan; which was amended on September 25, 2013, to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2010 Plan to 5,000,000 shares of common stock; which was further amended on June 20, 2017 to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2010 Plan to 8,000,000 shares of common stock; and further amended on July 1, 2019, to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2010 Plan to 10,000,000 shares of common stock. On April 23, 2012, the Company amended and restated the 2010 Plan to change the name to the “Amended and Restated Data Storage Corporation Incentive Award Plan”. The 2010 Plan was intended to promote the interests of the Company by attracting and retaining exceptional employees, consultants, directors, officers and independent contractors (collectively referred to as the “Participants”) and enabling such Participants to participate in the long-term growth and financial success of the Company. Under the 2010 Plan, the Company had the right to grant stock options, which are intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock awards, which were restricted shares of common stock (collectively referred to as “Incentive Awards”). Incentive Awards were granted pursuant to the 2010 Plan for 10 years from the Effective Date. There are 123,563 options outstanding under the 2010 Plan as of December 31, 2023. The 2010 Plan expired on October 21, 2020, and accordingly, there are no shares available for future grants. 45 On March 8, 2021, our Board and stockholders owning in excess of 50% of our outstanding voting securities approved and adopted the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). Pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Plan we can grant stock options, restricted stock unit awards and other awards at levels determined appropriate by our Board and/or compensation committee. The 2021 Plan also allows us to utilize a broad array of equity incentives and performance cash incentives in order to secure and retain the services of our employees, directors, and consultants, and to provide long-term incentives that align the interests of our employees, directors and consultants with the interests of our stockholders. An aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of our common stock may be issued under the 2021 Plan, subject to equitable adjustment in the event of future stock splits, and other capital changes. Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End December 31, 2023 Option Awards Stock Awards Option Or RSU Approval Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Option Exercise Price Option Expiration Number Of Shares Or Units Of Stock That Have Not Vested Market Value Of Shares Or Units Of Stock That Have Not Vested Name Date Exercisable Unexercisable ($) Date (#)(1) ($)(2) Charles M. Piluso (3)(4) 12/11/2019 2,500 — $ 2.40 12/10/2024 — — (3)(4) 03/01/2023 — 29,412 $ 1.96 02/28/2028 — — (3)(4) 03/28/2023 — 28,429 $ 1.77 03/27/2028 03/1/2023 — — — — 29,412 $ 84,707 03/28/2023 — — — — 28,249 $ 81,357 Harold J. Schwartz (3)(4) 12/22/2015 834 0 $ 14.00 12/21/2025 — — (3)(4) 12/11/2019 2,500 0 $ 2.40 12/10/2024 — — (3)(4) 03/01/2023 — 14,706 $ 1.96 02/28/2028 — — (3)(4) 04/10/2023 — 25,000 $ 2.00 04/10/2028 — — 03/1/2023 — — — — 14,706 $ 42,353 03/28/2023 — — — — 25,000 $ 72,000 Thomas C. Kempster (3)(4) 12/11/2019 2,500 — $ 2.40 12/10/2024 — — (3)(4) 03/01/2023 — 14,706 $ 1.96 02/28/2028 — — (3)(4) 04/10/2023 — 25,000 $ 2.00 04/10/2028 — — 03/1/2023 — — — — 14,706 $ 42,353 03/28/2023 — — — — 25,000 $ 72,000 (1) Represents restricted stock units which vest 33.33% on each of the one- year, two- year and three- year anniversary following the grant date. (2) Calculated by multiplying the closing price per share of the company’s common stock on December 29, 2023, $2.88 by the number of shares. (3) The stock options were issued in consideration for services provided as a member of the Board. (4) These option awards vested/vest 33.33% on each of the one- year, two- year and three- year anniversary following the grant date. Clawback Policy The Board has adopted a clawback policy which allows us to recover performance-based compensation, whether cash or equity, from a current or former executive officer in the event of an Accounting Restatement. The clawback policy defines an Accounting Restatement as an accounting restatement of our financial statements due to our material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws. Under such policy, we may recoup incentive-based compensation previously received by an executive officer that exceeds the amount of incentive-based compensation that otherwise would have been received had it been determined based on the restated amounts in the Accounting Restatement. The Board has the sole discretion to determine the form and timing of the recovery, which may include repayment, forfeiture and/or an adjustment to future performance-based compensation payouts or awards. The remedies under the clawback policy are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any legal and equitable claims available to the Company. The clawback policy is annexed to this Annual Report as an exhibit. 46 Compensation of Directors The following summary compensation table sets forth all compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to the Company’s non-employee directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Director Name Fees earned or paid in cash Stock awards(3) Option awards (1)(4)(5) Non-equity incentive plan Non- qualified deferred compensation earnings All other compensation Total Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. $ 6,000 $ 25,663 $ 25,633 — — — $ 57,296 John Argen $ 6,000 $ 25,663 $ 25,633 — — — $ 57,296 Joseph B. Hoffman(2) $ 6,000 $ 18,475 $ 18,445 — — — $ 42,920 Matthew Grover $ 6,000 $ 25,663 $ 25,633 — — — $ 57,296 Todd A. Correll $ 6,000 $ 25,663 $ 25,633 — — — $ 57,296 (1) The table below shows the aggregate number of option awards outstanding at fiscal year-end for each of our current non-employee directors and former non-employee directors who served as directors during the year ended December 31, 2023. (2) All cash compensation for Mr. Hoffman was paid to Kelley Drye & Warren as part of Mr. Hoffman’s partnership agreement. Mr. Hoffman ceased being a director on December 30, 2023, upon his death. (3) The Company follows the requirements of FASB ASC 718-10-10, Share-Based Payments with regard to stock-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees. Please see Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements above for more information. (4) The valuation methodology used to determine the fair value of the options issued during the year is the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Please see Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements above for more information. (5) The table below shows the aggregate number of option awards outstanding at fiscal year-end of our non-employee directors. Name Number of Shares Subject to Outstanding Options as of December 31, 2023 Number of Shares Subject to Outstanding Unvested RSU as of December 31, 2023 John Argen 21,668 10,000 Todd A. Correll 20,627 10,000 Matthew Grover 20,627 10,000 Joseph B. Hoffman 23,336 — Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. 25,836 10,000 47 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The following table sets forth certain information, as of March 27, 2024, with respect to the beneficial ownership of the outstanding common stock by (i) any holder of more than five (5%) percent; (ii) each of the Company’s named executive officers and directors; and (iii) the Company’s directors and current executive officers as a group. The information in the table below is based upon 6,919,950 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 27, 2024. Except as otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders listed below has sole voting and investment power over the shares beneficially owned. Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each person is c/o Data Storage Corporation, 48 South Service Road, Suite 203, Melville, New York 11747. Name of Beneficial Owner Shares Beneficially Owned (1) Percentage Ownership Charles M. Piluso and affiliated entities (2) 923,569 13.32 % Harold J. Schwartz (3) 844,848 12.19 % Thomas C. Kempster (4) 827,348 11.94 % Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. (5) 24,164 * John Argen (6) 23,458 * Matthew Grover (7) 18,125 * Todd A. Correll (8) 18,750 * Clifford Stein 267,935 3.88 % Nancy M. Stallone — * Uwayne A. Mitchell — * All Current Executive Officers and Directors as a group (11 persons) 2,969,130 42.17 % * Less than 1% (1) The securities “beneficially owned” by a person are determined in accordance with the definition of “beneficial ownership” set forth in the regulations of the SEC and accordingly, may include securities owned by or for, among others, the spouse, children, or certain other relatives of such person, as well as other securities over which the person has or shares voting or investment power or securities which the person has the right to acquire within 60 days. (2) Includes 359,865 shares of common stock owned directly by Mr. Piluso, and 21,722 shares of common stock underlying stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 27, 2024. Also includes: (i) 81,750 shares of common stock owned by Piluso Family Associates; (ii) 230,116 shares of common stock owned by The Lasata 2012 Trust dated 5/4/12 (the “Lasata Trust”); (iii) 230,116 shares of common stock owned by The Bella Vita 2012 Trust dated 5/4/12 (the “Bella Vita Trust”). Mrs. Panzarella-Piluso, Mr. Piluso’s wife, is the beneficiary of the Lasata Trust and Joanne G. Panzarella-Piluso, Mr. Piluso’s wife, and Lawrence Maglione are the co-trustees thereof, with shared voting and disposition power over the shares held by the Lasata Trust. Mr. Piluso is the beneficiary of the Bella Vita Trust and Mr. Piluso and Mrs. Panzarella-Piluso, his wife, are the co-trustees thereof, with shared voting and disposition power over the shares held by the Bella Vita Trust. The address for the Lasata Trust and the Bella Vita Trust is c/o Data Storage Corporation, 48 South Service Road, Suite 203, Melville, New York 11747. (3) Includes 820,778 shares of common stock, 15,737 shares of common stock underlying stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 27, 2024, and 8,333 RSUs that will vest within 60 days of March 27, 2024. (4) Includes 803,278 shares of common stock, 15,737 shares of common stock underlying stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 27, 2024, and 8,333 RSUs that will vest within 60 days of March 27, 2024. (5) Includes 10,830 shares of common stock, 10,834 shares of common stock underlying stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 27, 2024, and 2,500 RSUs that will vest within 60 days of March 27, 2024. (6) Includes 14,292 shares of common stock, 6,666 shares of common stock underlying stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 27, 2024 and 2,500 RSUs that will vest within 60 days of March 27, 2024 . (7) Includes 10,000 shares of common stock, 5,625 shares of common stock underlying stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 27, 2024 and 2,500 RSUs that have vested or will vest within 60 days of March 27, 2024. (8) Includes 10,625 shares of common stock, 5,625 shares of common stock underlying stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 27, 2024 and 2,500 RSUs that will vest within 60 days of March 27, 2024. 48 Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans As of December 31, 2023, we had awards outstanding under our Amended and Restated Data Storage Corporation Incentive Award Plan: Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a) Plan Category (a) (b) (c) Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 2010 Plan 129,152 $ 3.41 — 2021 Plan 466,195 $ 2.25 479,653 Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders N/A N/A N/A Total 595,347 $ 2.48 479,65 3 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE Pursuant to our charter, our Audit Committee shall review on an on-going basis for potential conflicts of interest, and approve if appropriate, all our “Related Party Transactions”. Except as disclosed under “Executive Compensation,” and below there were no related party transactions during the two years ended December 31, 2023, or the current year. 49 On April 1, 2018, the Company entered into an equipment lease agreement with Systems Trading Inc. (“Systems Trading”), a company for which Mr. Harold J. Schwartz, our President and Director, serves as the Chief Executive Officer and President (“Systems Trading”) to refinance all leases into one lease. This lease obligation was payable to Systems Trading with bi-monthly installments of $23,475. The lease carried an interest rate of 5% and is a four-year lease. The term of the lease ended April 16, 2022. Systems Trading is owned and operated by the Company’s President, Harold Schwartz. On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into an equipment agreement with Systems Trading. This lease obligation was payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $29,592. The lease carried an interest rate of 6.75% and was a five-year lease. The term of the lease ended December 31, 2023. On April 1, 2019, the Company entered into two equipment lease agreements with Systems Trading to add new data center equipment. The first lease calls for monthly payments of $1,328 and expired on March 1, 2022. It carried an interest rate of 7%. The second lease calls for monthly payments of $461 and expired on March 1, 2022. It carried an interest rate of 6.7%. On January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a new equipment lease agreement with Systems Trading Inc. to lease equipment. The lease obligation was payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $10,534. The lease carried an interest rate of 6% and is a three-year lease. The term of the lease ended January 1, 2023. On March 4, 2021, the Company entered into a new equipment lease agreement with Systems Trading effective April 1, 2021. This lease obligation was payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $1,566.82 and will expire on March 31, 2024. The lease carried an interest rate of 8%. The Company received funds of $39,172 and $37,954 during the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively from Nexxis Capital LLC, a company owned by Charles Piluso and Harold Schwartz. Nexxis Capital LLC was formed to purchase equipment and provide equipment leases to the Company’s customers. On January 1, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading effective January 1, 2022. This lease obligation is payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $7,145 and expires on April 1, 2025. The lease carries an interest rate of 8%. On April 1, 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Systems Trading effective May 1, 2022. This lease obligation is payable to Systems Trading with monthly installments of $6,667 and expires on February 1, 2025. The lease carries an interest rate of 8%. Director Independence The Board of Directors has determined, after considering all the relevant facts and circumstances, that each of Messrs. Argen, Correll, Maglione, Stein, Mitchell and Grover and Ms. Stallone are independent directors, as that term is defined in the federal securities laws and the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. See “Director Independence” in Part III, Item 10 – Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES Audit Fees The following table sets forth the aggregate audit-related fees including expenses billed to us for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 by Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman & Company P.A. December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Audit Fees (1) $ 134,500 $ 146,750 Tax Fees — — (1) Audit fees and expenses were for professional services rendered for the audit and reviews of the consolidated financial statements of the Company, professional services rendered for issuance of consents and assistance with review of documents filed with the SEC. 50 The Audit Committee has adopted procedures for pre-approving all audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm, including the fees and terms of such services. These procedures include reviewing detailed back-up documentation for audit and permitted non-audit services. The documentation includes a description of, and a budgeted amount for, particular categories of non-audit services that are recurring in nature and therefore anticipated at the time that the budget is submitted. Audit Committee approval is required to exceed the pre-approved amount for a particular category of non-audit services and to engage the independent registered public accounting firm for any non-audit services not included in those pre-approved amounts. For both types of pre-approval, the Audit Committee considers whether such services are consistent with the rules on auditor independence promulgated by the SEC and the PCAOB. The Audit Committee also considers whether the independent registered public accounting firm is best positioned to provide the most effective and efficient service, based on such reasons as the auditor’s familiarity with our business, people, culture, accounting systems, risk profile, and whether the services enhance our ability to manage or control risks, and improve audit quality. The Audit Committee may form and delegate pre-approval authority to subcommittees consisting of one or more members of the Audit Committee, and such subcommittees must report any pre-approval decisions to the Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. All of the services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm were pre-approved by the Audit Committee. Our audit committee pre-approves all services provided by our independent auditors. All of the above services and fees were reviewed and approved by the entire audit committee before the respective services were rendered. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. (a)(1) The following financial statements are included in this Annual Report for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022: 1. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. 2. Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023, and 2022. 3. Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022. 4. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022. 5. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022. 6. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (a)(2) All financial statement schedules have been omitted as the required information is either inapplicable or included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or related notes. (a)(3) The exhibits set forth in the accompanying exhibit index on the page preceding the signature page are either filed as part of this report or are incorporated herein by reference: Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Not applicable. 51 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit No. Description 3.1 Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (File No. 333-148167) filed on December 19, 2007). 3.2 Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 333-148167) filed on October 24, 2008). 3.3 Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 on Form 8-K (File No. 333-148167) filed on January 9, 2009). 3.4 Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (File No. 333-148167) filed on December 19, 2007). 3.5 Amended Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K (File No. 333-148167) filed on October 24, 2008). 3.6 Form of Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.7 Form of Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated October 7, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.8 Form of Certificate of Validation and Ratification of the Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated October 7, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.9 Form of Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated October 16, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Appendix D to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.10 Form of Certificate of Validation and Ratification of the Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated October 16, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Appendix D to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.11 Form of Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated January 6, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Appendix E to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.12 Form of Certificate of Validation and Ratification of the Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated January 6, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Appendix E to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 52 3.13 Form of Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated June 24, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Appendix F to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.14 Form of Certificate of Validation and Ratification of the Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation dated June 24, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Appendix F to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 3.15 Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Preferred Stock of Data Storage Corporation (incorporated by reference to Appendix F to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 4.1 Share Exchange Agreement, dated October 20, 2008, by and among Euro Trend Inc., Data Storage Corporation and the shareholders of Data Storage Corporation named on the signature page thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 333-148167) filed on October 24, 2008). 4.2 Share Exchange Agreement, dated October 20, 2008, by and among, Euro Trend Inc., Data Storage Corporation and the shareholders of Data Storage Corporation named on the signature page thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K/A (File No. 333-148167) filed on June 29, 2009). 4.3 Data Storage Corporation 2010 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 on Form S-8/A (File No. 333-169042) filed on October 25, 2010). 4.4 Amended and Restated Data Storage Corporation 2010 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on April 26, 2012). 4.5 Data Storage Corporation 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Information Statement on Schedule 14C (File No. 001-35384) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2021). 4.6 Representative’s Warrant dated May 18, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on May 18, 2021). 4.7 Form of Common Stock Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on May 18, 2021). 4.8 Warrant Agency Agreement, dated May 18, 2021, by and between the Company and VStock Transfer LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on May 18, 2021). 4.9 Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on July 20, 2021). 4.10 Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on March 31, 2023). 10.1 Asset Purchase Agreement by and between ABC Services Inc., and Data Storage Corporation as of October 25, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8K (File No. 001-35384) filed on October 31, 2016). 10.2 Asset Purchase Agreement by and between ABC Services II Inc., and Data Storage Corporation as of October 25, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8K (File No. 001-35384) filed on October 31, 2016). 10.3 Form of Stockholders Agreement by and between Data Storage Corporation, Nexxis Inc., and John Camello dated November 13, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Form 10Q (File No. 001-35384) filled November 19, 2018). 53 10.4 Form of Employment Agreement between Data Storage Corporation, Nexxis Inc., and John Camello dated November 13, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35384) filed November 19, 2018). 10.5 Buyout Lease Agreement between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated March 15, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.6 FMV Lease Agreement between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated September 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.7 Buyout Lease Agreement DSC003 between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated December 18, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.8 Buyout Lease Agreement DSC004 between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated December 18, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.9 Addendum 1 to Lease DSC003 between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated March 20, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.10 Addendum 1 to Lease DSC004 between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated March 20, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.11 Buyout Lease Agreement DSC006 between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated November 12, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.12 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Data Storage Corporation and Flagship Solutions, LLC dated February 4, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on February 10, 2021). 10.13 Amendment, dated February 12, 2021, to the Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Data Storage Corporation, Data Storage FL, LLC, Flagship Solutions, LLC, and the owners of Equity Interests (as defined therein) dated February 4, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on February 16, 2021). 10.14 Buyout Lease Agreement DSC007 between Data Storage Corporation and Systems Trading, Inc. dated March 4, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Form 10-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2021). 10.15 Employment Agreement with Mark Wyllie (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on June 3, 2021). 10.16 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated July 19, 2021 between Data Storage Corporation and certain purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed on July 20, 2021). 10.17# Form of Employment Agreement between Data Storage Corporation and Charles M. Piluso dated March 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2023). 10.18# Form of Employment Agreement between Data Storage Corporation and Chris H. Panagiotakos dated March 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 31, 2023). 10.19 Sublease between Sentinel Benefits Group, LLC and Sentinel Benefits Group, Inc. and Data Storage Corporation, dated as of January 17, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-35384) filed March 27, 2024) 10.20#* Employment Agreement Amendment between Data Storage Corporation and Charles M. Piluso 10.21#* Employment Agreement Amendment between Data Storage Corporation and Chris H. Panagiotakos 19.1* Insider Trading Policy 21.1* List of Subsidiaries of Data Storage Corporation 54 23.1* Consent of Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman P.A., Independent Registered Accounting Firm 24.1* Power of Attorney – Signature Page 31.1* Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), As adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2* Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), As adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1* Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 32.2* Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 97.1* Clawback Policy * Filed herewith # Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. 55 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this to this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 28 th day of March 2024. DATA STORAGE CORPORATION By: /s/ Charles M. Piluso Name: Charles M. Piluso Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) Date: March 28, 2024 By: /s/ Chris H. Panagiotakos Name: Chris H. Panagiotakos Title: Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer) Date: March 28, 2024 POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Charles M. Piluso, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized. Signature Title Date /s/ Charles M. Piluso Chief Executive Officer March 28, 2024 Charles M. Piluso (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Chris H. Panagiotakos Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer March 28, 2024 Chris H. Panagiotakos and Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ Harold J. Schwartz President, Director March 28, 2024 Harold Schwartz /s/ Thomas C. Kempster Executive Vice President of Strategic Development, Director March 28, 2024 Thomas Kempster /s/ John Argen Director March 28, 2024 John Argen /s/ Lawrence A. Maglione, Jr. Director March 28, 2024 Lawrence Maglione /s/ Matthew Grover Director March 28, 2024 Matthew Grover /s/ Todd A. Correll Director March 28, 2024 Todd Correll /s/ Clifford Stein Director March 28, 2024 Clifford Stein /s/ Nancy M. Stallone Director March 28, 2024 Nancy M. Stallone /s/ Uwayne A. Mitchell Director March 28, 2024 Uwayne A. Mitchell 56