Dermata Therapeutics, Inc. 10-Q

ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our financial statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, particularly those under “Risk Factors.” CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions, and future performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “may,” “can,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “expect,” “seek,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “predict,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future. There are a number of important factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. These factors include, but are not limited to: · our lack of operating history; · the expectation that we will incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future and will need significant additional capital; · our current and future capital requirements to support our development and commercialization efforts for our product candidates and our ability to satisfy our capital needs; · our dependence on our product candidates, which are still in various stages of clinical development; · our ability to acquire sufficient quantities of raw material needed to manufacture our drug product; · our, or that of our third-party manufacturers, ability to manufacture cGMP quantities of our product candidates as required for pre-clinical and clinical trials and, subsequently, our ability to manufacture commercial quantities of our product candidates; · our ability to complete required clinical trials for our product candidates and obtain approval from the FDA or other regulatory agencies in different jurisdictions; · our lack of a sales and marketing organization and our ability to commercialize our product candidates if we obtain regulatory approval; · our dependence on third parties to manufacture our product candidates; · our reliance on third-party CROs to conduct our clinical trials; 27 Table of Contents · our ability to maintain or protect the validity of our intellectual property; · our ability to internally develop new inventions and intellectual property; · interpretations of current laws and the passages of future laws; · acceptance of our business model by investors; · the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses and capital requirements; · our ability to adequately support organizational and business growth; and · the continued spread of COVID-19 and the resulting global pandemic and its impact on our preclinical studies and clinical studies. The foregoing does not represent an exhaustive list of matters that may be covered by the forward-looking statements contained herein or risk factors that we are faced with that may cause our actual results to differ from those anticipate in our forward-looking statements. Please see “Risk Factors” for additional risks which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report or the date of the document incorporated by reference into this report. We have no obligation, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to update, revise or correct any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We have expressed our expectations, beliefs and projections in good faith and we believe they have a reasonable basis. However, we cannot assure you that our expectations, beliefs, or projections will result or be achieved or accomplished. Overview We are a clinical-stage medical dermatology company focused on identifying, developing, and commercializing innovative pharmaceutical product candidates for the treatment of medical and aesthetic skin conditions and diseases we believe represent significant market opportunities. Dermatological diseases such as acne vulgaris (or acne), psoriasis vulgaris (or psoriasis), papulopustular acne rosacea (or rosacea), hyperhidrosis and various aesthetic skin quality issues, affect millions of people worldwide each year, and may negatively impact their quality of life and emotional well-being. While there are multiple current treatment options for each of these indications on the market, we believe that current therapies come with significant drawbacks, including underwhelming efficacy, cumbersome application regimens, and significant tolerability issues, all of which we believe may lead to poor patient compliance. A majority of these indications are first treated with topical products; however, many patients frequently switch treatments or discontinue treatment altogether due to patient dissatisfaction. This is primarily due to slow and modest response rates, the early onset of negative side effects, onerous application schedules, and long duration of therapy. Given the limitations with current topical therapies, we believe there is a significant opportunity to address the needs of frustrated patients searching for topical products that satisfy their dermatological and lifestyle needs. Our two product candidates, DMT310 and DMT410, both incorporate our proprietary, multifaceted, Spongilla technology to topically treat a variety of dermatological conditions and satisfy the unmet need of patients. Our Spongilla technology is derived from a naturally grown freshwater sponge, Spongilla lacustris or Spongilla , which is processed into a powder that is then mixed with a fluidizing agent immediately prior to application, to form an easily applicable paste. Spongilla is a unique freshwater sponge that only grows in commercial quantities in select regions of the world and under specific environmental conditions, all of which give it its distinctive anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and mechanical properties. The combination of these environmental conditions, the proprietary harvesting protocols developed with our exclusive supplier, and our post-harvest processing procedures produce a pharmaceutical product candidate that optimizes the mechanical components as well as the chemical components of the sponge to create a product candidate with multiple mechanisms of action for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions and aesthetic applications. 28 Table of Contents We believe our Spongilla technology platform will enable us to develop and formulate singular and combination products that are able to target the topical delivery of chemical compounds into the dermis for a variety of dermatology indications. We believe the combination of Spongilla’s mechanical and chemical components (which we believe have demonstrated, in-vitro , anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties), add to the versatility of our Spongilla technology platform’s effectiveness as a singular product, in the treatment of a wide variety of medical skin diseases like acne, rosacea, and psoriasis. We also believe the mechanical properties of our Spongilla technology allows for the intradermal delivery of a variety of large molecules, like botulinum toxin, monoclonal antibodies, or dermal filler, to target treatment sites, through topical application. Our lead product candidate, DMT310, is intended to utilize our Spongilla technology for once weekly treatment of a variety of skin diseases, with our initial focus being the treatment of acne vulgaris, which has a U.S. market size of approximately 50 million patients. We have shown DMT310’s ability to treat the multiple causes of acne in a Phase 2b study where we initially saw a 45% reduction in inflammatory lesions after four treatments, with statistically significant results at all time points for all three primary endpoints (reduction in inflammatory lesions, reduction in non-inflammatory lesions, and improvement in Investigator Global Assessment). Based on the multiple mechanisms of action and anti-inflammatory effect seen with DMT310 acne trial, we moved DMT310 into clinical trials for two additional indications: psoriasis and rosacea. In October 2021, we completed a Phase 1b proof of concept, or POC, trial in psoriasis where we saw encouraging results warranting further investigation. In June 2022, we completed enrollment of a Phase 2 clinical trial of DMT310 for the treatment of rosacea with results expected in December 2022. DMT310 consists of two grams of powder processed from a naturally grown freshwater sponge, Spongilla lacustris. The patient mixes the powder with a fluidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide) immediately prior to application by the patient to form an easy-to-apply paste. The paste is left on the skin for approximately ten to fifteen minutes, after which time it is washed off with water. Due to the unique combination of DMT310’s mechanical components and chemical components, and based on our Phase 2 acne data, we believe patients will only need to apply DMT310 once weekly to produce a desired treatment effect. The mechanical components of the Spongilla powder consist of many microscopic siliceous, needle-like spicules that, when massaged into the skin, penetrate the stratum corneum (the skin’s outermost protective layer) and create microchannels into the dermis where pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacteria reside. We believe that the penetration of the spicules leads to the opening of microchannels, which allow oxygen to enter pilosebaceous glands, helping to kill C. acnes , which grow in an anaerobic (without oxygen) environment ( C. acnes is the bacteria that cause inflammatory lesions in acne patients). The spicules also cause turnover of the top layer of dead skin, thereby increasing collagen production. We believe the newly created microchannels provide a conduit for DMT310’s naturally occurring chemical compounds to be delivered to the dermis and pilosebaceous glands, helping to kill the C. acnes . In addition to these anti-microbial compounds, DMT310 also appears to have anti-inflammatory chemical compounds, as demonstrated in in vitro experiments, that inhibit inflammation through the reduction of C.acnes stimulated IL-8 production and by inhibiting IL-17A and IL-17F expression in human cell lines. Also, during in vitro studies of DMT310’s organic compounds, we observed the inhibition of the lipogenesis of sebocytes, which may translate to a reduction in sebum (an oily and waxy substance produced by the human body’s sebaceous glands) production and the oiliness of the skin in patients, which was observed by a number of clinical investigators in our Phase 2 acne studies. We believe the combination of these biological and mechanical effects of the spicules could be important factors in treating multiple inflammatory skin diseases, as seen in our clinical trials. Our second product candidate utilizing our Spongilla technology is DMT410, our combination treatment. DMT410 is intended to consist of one treatment of our proprietary sponge powder followed by one topical application of botulinum toxin for delivery into the dermis. Currently, botulinum toxin is only approved to be delivered to the dermis by intradermal injections, which can be painful for the patient and time-consuming for the physician. However, we believe DMT410’s ability to topically deliver botulinum toxin into the dermis could have similar levels of efficacy to existing delivery techniques, with fewer tolerability issues, and a quicker application time, possibly replacing the need for intradermal injections. We first tested DMT410 in a Phase 1 POC trial of axillary hyperhidrosis patients, which saw 80% of patients achieve a reduction in gravimetric sweat production greater than 50% four weeks after a single treatment. With almost 40% of the hyperhidrosis market currently being treated with intradermal injections of botulinum toxin, we believe there is significant opportunity for DMT410. Based on DMT410’s ability to effectively deliver botulinum toxin to the dermis as observed in the Phase 1 axillary hyperhidrosis trial, we also conducted a Phase 1 POC trial of DMT410 for the treatment of multiple aesthetic skin conditions, including reduction of pore size, sebum production, and fine lines, among others. In November 2021, we announced top-line results from this trial, where we saw promising data that we believe warrants further investigation of DMT410. We are currently in the process of discussing partnering opportunities with botulinum toxin companies to move the DMT410 program into Phase 2 studies. 29 Table of Contents We have a limited operating history. Since our inception, our operations have focused on developing DMT310 and DMT410, organizing and staffing our company, raising capital, establishing our supply chain and manufacturing processes, further characterizing the multiple mechanisms of action of our Spongilla technology, building an intellectual property portfolio, and conducting non-clinical and clinical trials. We do not have any product candidates approved for marketing and have not generated any revenue from product sales. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of our equity securities and debt securities. Since inception, we have raised an aggregate of approximately $51.9 million of gross proceeds from the sale of our debt and equity securities, including the securities sold in our IPO. We have not generated any revenue to date and have incurred significant operating losses. Our net losses were $2.4 million and $7.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and as of September 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $43.9 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase significantly in connection with our ongoing activities, as we: · complete development of DMT310 for the treatment of acne, including non-clinical studies and Phase 3 clinical trials; · prepare and file for regulatory approval of DMT310 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne; · continue development of DMT310 for the treatment of rosacea, including a Phase 2 clinical trial and Phase 3 clinical trials; · continue development of DMT310 for the treatment of psoriasis, including a Phase 2 clinical trial and Phase 3 clinical trials; · identify a botulinum toxin partner for DMT410 for the treatment of aesthetic and medical skin conditions; · prepare for commercialization of DMT310, if approved, including the hiring of sales and marketing personnel; · begin to manufacture our product candidates for Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials and commercial sale; · hire additional research and development and selling, general and administrative personnel; · maintain, expand, and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and · incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. We will need additional financing to support our operations. We may seek to fund our operations through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital when needed or on favorable terms would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so. 30 Table of Contents COVID-19 Update The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a major impact in the US and around the world. The availability of vaccines holds promise for the future, though new variants of the virus and potential waning immunity from vaccines may result in continued impact from this pandemic in the future, which could adversely impact our operations. To date, we have managed delays and disruptions without significant impact in planned and ongoing preclinical trials, manufacturing, or shipping. Potential impacts to our business include delays in planned and ongoing preclinical and clinical trials including enrollment of patients, disruptions in time and resources provided by independent clinical investigators, CROs, and other third-party service providers, temporary closures of our facilities, disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to travel, and delays in manufacturing and/or shipments to and from third-party suppliers and contract manufacturers for APIs and drug product, including Spongilla . We have taken temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to our employees, including having our employees to work remotely and suspending all non-essential travel worldwide for our employees. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of the planned and potential shutdowns or disruptions of businesses and government agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, or FDA. Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates We have based our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to clinical development expenses, stock-based compensation expense, and the fair value of equity instruments which result in deemed dividends. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be appropriate under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While our significant accounting policies are more fully discussed in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our unaudited financial statements contained within this Form 10-Q, we believe that the following accounting policies are critical to the process of making significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our financial statements. Research and Development Expenses We rely on third parties to conduct our clinical studies and to provide services, including data management, statistical analysis, and electronic compilation. Once our clinical trials begin, at the end of each reporting period, we will compare the payments made to each service provider to the estimated progress towards completion of the related project. Factors that we will consider in preparing these estimates include the number of patients enrolled in studies, milestones achieved, and other criteria related to the efforts of our vendors. These estimates will be subject to change as additional information becomes available. Depending on the timing of payments to vendors and estimated services provided, we will record net prepaid or accrued expenses related to these costs. Fair Value of Common Stock and Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The Company’s policy permits the valuation of stock-based awards granted to non-employees to be measured at fair value at the grant date. Determining the appropriate fair value of share-based awards requires the use of subjective assumptions, including the fair value of our common shares for awards prior to our IPO, and for options, the expected life of the option and expected share price volatility. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value our option awards. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards represents our best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different assumptions, share-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards. 31 Table of Contents Fluctuations in Operating Results Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our quarterly and annual results of operations will be impacted for the foreseeable future by several factors, including the progress and timing of expenditures related to the development of our product candidates. We cannot predict with certainty what the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance. Results of Operations Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Difference Operating expenses: Research and development $ 1,553,295 $ 799,779 $ 753,516 General and administrative 892,777 912,490 (19,713 ) Total operating expenses 2,446,072 1,712,269 733,803 Losses from operations (2,446,072 ) (1,712,269 ) (733,803 ) Other income and expenses: Interest (income) expense, net (21,486 ) 651 (22,137 ) Net loss $ (2,424,586 ) $ (1,712,920 ) $ (711,666 ) Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $0.8 million from $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in research and development expense was the result of $0.3 million of increased clinical trial expenses from the ongoing DMT310 rosacea study, an increase of $0.3 million related to non-clinical activities, and increased chemistry, manufacturing, and controls, or CMC, expenses, of $0.2 million. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses were $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. Increases in insurance and public company costs were offset by decreases in legal costs for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Other income and expenses The Company opened a cash sweep account during the third quarter of 2022 and has begun earning interest income via overnight deposits totaling $21,486, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. 32 Table of Contents Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022, and 2021 The following table summarizes our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Difference Operating expenses: Research and development $ 4,761,686 $ 2,347,564 $ 2,414,122 General and administrative 3,201,111 2,956,444 244,667 Total operating expenses 7,962,797 5,304,008 2,658,789 Loss from operations (7,962,797 ) (5,304,008 ) (2,658,789 ) Other income and expenses: Interest (income) expense, net (21,486 ) 45,613 (67,099 ) Net loss $ (7,941,311 ) $ (5,349,621 ) $ (2,591,690 ) Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $2.4 million from $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in research and development expense was the result of $1.4 million of increased clinical trial expenses from the ongoing DMT310 rosacea study, $0.5 million in increased non-clinical expenses, $0.2 million in increased CMC expenses, as well as increased employee and personnel expenses of $0.4 million. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses increased by $0.2 million from $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in general and administrative expenses was the result of increased insurance and public company costs of $0.9 million, offset by decreased legal costs of $0.1 million and $0.6 million of decreased stock-based compensation expense. Other income and expenses Other income and expenses changed by $67,099 from $45,613 representing interest expense, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to interest income, net, of $21,486 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company opened a cash sweep account during the third quarter of 2022 and has begun earning interest income via overnight deposits. The prior year interest expense related to the amortization of debt discount and interest expense for previously outstanding debt. As of December 31, 2021, the Company no longer had any debt outstanding. Cash Flows The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating and financing activities: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 Statements of cash flows data: Total net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $ (7,008,636 ) $ (3,889,483 ) Financing activities $ 4,276,652 $ 15,962,424 Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ (2,731,984 ) $ 12,072,941 33 Table of Contents Operating activities Cash used in operations of $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was the result of the net loss of $7.9 million and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.1 million, offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $0.7 million and an increase in accrued and other current liabilities of $0.3 million. Cash used in operations of $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was the result of the net loss of $5.3 million and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.0 million, offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $1.4 million and an increase in accounts payable and accrued and other current liabilities of $1.0 million. Financing activities Cash provided by financing activities of $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was the result of the net proceeds received from the issuance of common stock and warrants issued in April 2022 from a private placement of the Company’s securities. Cash provided by financing activities of $16.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was the result of net proceeds of $15.4 million from our initial public offering, $1.6 million from the issuance of convertible subordinated promissory notes, proceeds of $0.6 million from the issuance of Series 1d Preferred Units, offset by $1.0 million payment for the redemption of 5,221,156 shares of Series 1c preferred stock and $0.6 million of principal and final payments on debt. Liquidity and Capital Resources Since our inception, we have not generated any revenue or commercialized any products. As of September 30, 2022, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $8.1 million, and we had an accumulated deficit of $43.9 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the year ended December 31, 2021, we used cash of $7.0 million and $5.7 million, respectively, in operations. As a result of our initial public offering of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock in August 2021 for net proceeds of $15.4 million, as well as our private placement of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock in April 2022 for net proceeds of $4.3 million, our cash balances are expected to fund operations into the third quarter of 2023. We anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. Historically, our principal sources of cash have included proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred equity and proceeds from the issuance of debt. Our principal uses of cash have included cash used in operations (including clinical development of our product candidates and general and administrative expenses) and payments for license rights. We expect that the principal uses of cash in the future will be for continuing operations, funding of research and development, and general working capital requirements. We expect that as research and development expenses continue to grow, we will need to raise additional capital to sustain operations and research and development activities. Funding Requirements We plan to focus in the near term on the development, regulatory approval, and potential commercialization of DMT310 for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, and rosacea. We anticipate we will incur net losses for the next several years as we complete clinical development of DMT310 for the treatment of acne, psoriasis and rosacea and continue research and development of DMT410 for the treatment of aesthetic and medical skin conditions. In addition, we plan to seek opportunities to identify, acquire or in license and develop additional drug candidates, potentially build commercial capabilities, and expand our corporate infrastructure. We may not be able to complete the development and initiate commercialization of these programs if, among other things, our clinical trials are not successful or if the FDA does not approve our drug candidate arising out of our current clinical trials when we expect, or at all. Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, compensation and related expenses, clinical costs, external research and development services, legal and other regulatory expenses, and administrative and overhead costs. Our future funding requirements will be heavily determined by the resources needed to support development of our drug candidates. 34 Table of Contents As a publicly traded company, we will incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we were not required to incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and Nasdaq, requires public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were not applicable to us as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, along with the proceeds from a private placement of our securities which closed in April 2022 (the “Private Placement”), will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the third quarter of 2023. We have based this estimate of cash runway on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect. We anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the one-year period following the date that these financial statements were issued. We will require additional capital to conduct Phase 3 studies for DMT310 for the treatment of acne, continue development of DMT310, and to pursue in licenses or acquisitions of other drug candidates. Additional funds may not be available on a timely basis, on favorable terms, or at all, and such funds, if raised, may not be sufficient to enable us to continue to implement our long-term business strategy. If we are unable to raise sufficient additional capital, we may need to substantially curtail our planned operations and the pursuit of our growth strategy. We may raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities. In such an event, the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of a holder of our common stock. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development, and commercialization of pharmaceutical drugs, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including: · the number and characteristics of the drug candidates we pursue; · the scope, progress, results, and costs of researching and developing our drug candidates, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials; · the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for our drug candidates; · the cost of manufacturing our drug candidates and any drugs we successfully commercialize; · our ability to establish and maintain strategic collaborations, licensing or other arrangements and the financial terms of such agreements; · the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending, and enforcing patent claims, including litigation costs and the outcome of such litigation; and · the timing, receipt and amount of sales of, or milestone payments related to or royalties on, our current or future drug candidates, if any. To continue to grow our business over the longer term, we plan to commit substantial resources to research and development, clinical trials of our product candidates, and other operations and potential product acquisitions and in licensing. We have evaluated and expect to continue to evaluate a wide array of strategic transactions as part of our plan to acquire or in license and develop additional products and product candidates to augment our internal development pipeline. Strategic transaction opportunities that we may pursue could materially affect our liquidity and capital resources and may require us to incur additional indebtedness, seek equity capital or both. In addition, we may pursue development, acquisition or in licensing of approved or development products in new or existing therapeutic areas or continue the expansion of our existing operations. Accordingly, we expect to continue to opportunistically seek access to additional capital to license or acquire additional products, product candidates or companies to expand our operations, or for general corporate purposes. Strategic transactions may require us to raise additional capital through one or more public or private debt or equity financings or could be structured as a collaboration or partnering arrangement. We have no arrangements, agreements, or understandings in place at the present time to enter into any acquisition, in licensing or similar strategic business transaction. 35 Table of Contents Contractual Obligations and Commitments We do not currently lease any office space. We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with contract research organizations for clinical trials, preclinical research studies and testing, manufacturing and other services and products for operating purposes. These contracts generally provide for termination upon notice, and therefore we believe that our non-cancelable obligations under these agreements are not material. JOBS Act Accounting Election We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“the JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See Item 1 of Part I, “Notes to Financial Statements — Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements. ITEM 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Not applicable.