What changed in this filing

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Item 1. Business

2026-02-27 compared with 2025-03-03 · 76 added, 115 removed, 165 unchanged (54% of the section changed)

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We believe we are a leading online marketplace for these luxury design items based on the aggregate number of listings on our online marketplace and our Gross Merchandise Value (“GMV”).

Our sellers, who undergo an evaluation by our in-house experts to vet the integrity of their listings, in-depth marketing content, and custom-built technology platform create trust in our brand and facilitate high-consideration purchases of luxury design items online.

Our sellers, who undergo an evaluation by our in-house experts to vet the quality of their inventory, in-depth marketing content, and custom-built technology platform create trust in our brand and facilitate high-consideration purchases of luxury design items online.

By disrupting the way these items are bought and sold, we are both expanding access to, and growing the market for, luxury design.

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As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 5,700 unique sellers, compared to approximately 5,900 unique sellers as of December 31, 2024.

In 2024, we shifted our seller acquisition strategy and monetization approach to concentrate on fewer, but more highly engaged sellers.

We discontinued the pricing option with no monthly subscription fees and higher commission rates during the year which contributed to the seller churn.

We provide our sellers, the vast majority of which are small businesses, access to a global community of buyers and a platform to facilitate e-commerce at scale.

Our sellers use our platform to manage their inventory, build their digital marketing presence, and communicate and negotiate prices directly with buyers.

We provide our buyers a trusted purchase experience with our user-friendly interface, dedicated specialist support, and our 1stDibs Promise, our comprehensive buyer protection program outlined in-depth below.

In 2024, we shifted our seller acquisition strategy and monetization approach to concentrate on fewer, but more highly engaged sellers and we discontinued the pricing option with no monthly subscription fees and higher commission rates.

We provide our sellers, the vast majority of which we believe are small businesses, access to a global community of buyers and a platform to facilitate e-commerce at scale.

Our sellers use our platform to manage their 1stDibs inventory, build their digital marketing presence, and communicate and negotiate prices directly with buyers.

We provide our buyers a trusted purchase experience with our user-friendly interface, dedicated specialist support for a certain subset of buyers, and our 1stDibs Promise, our comprehensive purchase protection program outlined in-depth below.

The uniqueness, diversity, and high quality of the items on our online marketplace, together with an active marketing effort, have produced a large global base of design-loving buyers.

We operate an asset-light business model which allows us to scale in a capital efficient manner.

While we enable shipping and fulfillment logistics, we do not take physical possession of the items sold on our online marketplace.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we had approximately 64,300 active buyers, compared to approximately 61,000 in the year ended December 31, 2023, who are buyers who have made at least one purchase through our online marketplace during the 12 months ended on the last day of the period presented, net of cancellations (“Active Buyers”).

While we enable fulfillment and shipping logistics, we do not take physical possession of the items sold on our online marketplace.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we had approximately 60,700 active buyers, compared to approximately 64,300 in the year ended December 31, 2024.

We define Active Buyers as unique buyers who made at least one purchase through our online marketplace during the trailing 12-month period, net of cancellations (“Active Buyers”).

We had an on-platform average order value (“AOV”) of approximately $2,600 and $2,500 in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We had a median order value (“MOV”) of approximately $1,200 in both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

We had a median order value (“MOV”) of approximately $1,300, and $1,200 in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We do not focus on AOV or MOV as key metrics in evaluating our business given our priority to make unique, high-end design items available across various price points through our online marketplace.

The percentage of Active Buyers who make more than one purchase in any given year has been generally consistent from year to year and comprised approximately 30% of total Active Buyers in each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Highly experienced interior designers, whom we refer to as Trade Buyers, are frequent, repeat purchasers on our online marketplace and accounted for 31% of our on-platform GMV in each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Through our Trade 1st program, we offer these Trade Buyers, who comprise a subset of our buyers, additional benefits such as trade-only personalized support, exclusive trade pricing, and buyer incentives for which members do not pay any fees to participate in this program.

Highly experienced interior designers, whom we refer to as Trade Buyers, are generally frequent, repeat purchasers on our online marketplace and accounted for 31% of our on-platform GMV in each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Through our Trade 1st program, we offer these Trade Buyers additional benefits such as trade-only personalized support, exclusive trade pricing, and buyer incentives for which members do not pay any fees to participate in this program.

We are driving consumer demand for luxury design items online by providing global access to a traditionally fragmented, local, and offline market.

As sellers and buyers of luxury design gain experience transacting online, we believe our combination of technology, service, brand positions and demand generation enable us to grow this market by providing sellers and buyers the tools and access they need.

We believe our proprietary technology platform enables a purchase funnel that is more robust and interactive than the conventional e-commerce experience.

The discovery and transaction process in our industry is more complex than in most e-commerce categories.

Specifically, transacting in unique luxury design requires the ability for sellers and buyers to exchange

messages, negotiate prices, arrange customized shipping support, and pay swiftly and securely through various payment methods.

Our platform turns this complex order flow into an easy-to-use process and converts the valuable data we collect from buyers’ browsing and purchase activity into actionable insights for both sellers and buyers.

Our platform is scalable, which we believe enables us to grow over time.

As buyers and sellers of luxury design gain experience transacting online, we believe our combination of technology, service, brand position and demand generation enable us to grow this market by providing buyers and sellers the tools and access they need.

Transacting in unique luxury design requires the ability for buyers and sellers to exchange messages, negotiate prices, arrange customized shipping support, and pay swiftly and securely through various payment methods.

Our platform is scalable, which we believe enables us to grow over

We empower buyers to engage directly with sellers on our platform throughout all stages of a transaction.

Our technology and data represent the cumulative experience of over 20 years of business activity, and we believe are extremely difficult to replicate.

Our Market Opportunity

We connect sellers and buyers in what has historically been a fragmented and highly localized global market for unique luxury design items.

This market has generally operated offline, functioning mostly through independent galleries, boutiques, and auction houses, thereby restricting a seller’s potential buyer audience and limiting a buyer’s product selection.

These offline operations create barriers to both new supply and new demand, limiting the market’s overall growth potential.

We created a single online marketplace that consolidates previously fragmented sellers and buyers globally.

We believe our online marketplace, powered by our technology platform, has transformed almost all dimensions of the luxury design buying experience by increasing accessibility and enhancing selection and convenience.

Expanding the Luxury Goods Market

While the global luxury design market is already large, we believe that as a digital disruptor we have the potential to further expand the overall size of our market.

We believe we are growing the market by:

(1) increasing the number of digital global luxury design sellers by enabling them to transact on a global online marketplace that materially expands their potential customer base;

and (2) growing the luxury design buyer base by introducing our online audience to unique products previously only accessible via in-person galleries, boutiques, and auction houses.

We have sold items on our online marketplace ranging from less than $100 to over $1 million, demonstrating that high-end luxury design items are attainable and within reach of the expanding buyer audience we are attracting to the market.

Increasing Online Penetration

One of the most significant trends driving online penetration in the luxury goods market is an increasingly digitally native customer base.

Our Market Opportunities and Growth Strategies

We operate a global online marketplace connecting buyers and sellers of unique luxury design items.

By consolidating supply and demand onto a single digital platform, we expand seller reach, broaden buyer selection, and improve accessibility and convenience.

We believe our marketplace is expanding the overall luxury design market by introducing new sellers to a global audience and exposing buyers to inventory previously accessible only offline.

Items sold on our platform range from under $100 to over $1 million, demonstrating the breadth of our supply and addressable customer base.

We continue to see opportunities to increase online penetration in luxury goods.

We hosted approximately 1.9 million listings as of December 31, 2025, compared to approximately 1.8 million listings as of December 31, 2024.

Additionally, we had 7.8 million users as of December 31, 2025, compared to 7.0 million users as of December 31, 2024.

Our growth strategy focuses on expanding our buyer base and platform supply.

We believe we remain in the early stages of reaching a broad global audience, with limited penetration of both U.S.

and international populations given our number of users.

Approximately 20% of our buyers are located internationally as of both December 31, 2025 and 2024.

To date, we have grown primarily through organic channels, earned media, partnerships, and targeted paid marketing, and we intend to further scale through data-driven acquisition, personalized engagement, and retention initiatives.

We also grow marketplace supply by enhancing our value proposition for sellers through expanded buyer access and improved listing and transaction tools, and may supplement growth through partnerships or acquisitions.

We invest strategically in technology and innovation to improve user experience, increase conversion, drive seller success, and enhance operational efficiency.

Our platform investments include machine learning and artificial intelligence to better localize experiences, optimize discovery, and support long-term revenue growth.

We derive a relatively low percentage of our traffic and orders from paid media.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we estimate that approximately 73% of new user sessions came from non-paid channels, including organic search, direct web, direct app, organic social, email, and referral compared to 69% during the year ended December 31, 2024.

We utilize user data and rigorous A/B testing to improve the user experience, and continuously optimize the performance of our marketing campaigns and channels.

We use highly targeted promotional incentives, where appropriate, to acquire and retain buyers.

We focus on engaging and retaining our buyers with personalized experiences and elevated storytelling.

We offer Private Client services to our most engaged consumers;

and cultivate interior designer engagement and retention through the Trade 1st program.

We communicate with our buyers primarily through email, site, text, mobile push notifications, print catalogs, and organic social.

We have demonstrated our ability to successfully grow and diversify beyond our original offering of vintage furniture, as exemplified by our proven track record of expanding both across verticals, such as art, jewelry, and fashion, and within verticals, such as the expansion from vintage and antique furniture to include new and custom furniture.

This diversification increases our addressable market, purchase frequency, and brand relevance as a leading online destination for luxury design.

Our infrastructure is designed to scale with vertical or offering expansion and potential acquisitions.

International expansion remains an opportunity.

As of December 31, 2025, 45% of the supply on our online marketplace comes from outside the United States, while only 20% of buyers are located outside the United States.

We believe that this presents an international expansion opportunity.

Our website traffic also indicates strong international presence with approximately 40% of current traffic coming from outside the United States.

We had 52% and 53% of unique sellers outside the United States in the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

On-platform GMV from buyers in non-U.S.

markets constituted 19% and 18% in the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

The 1stDibs Marketplace

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Our seller onboarding process which includes our in-house experts evaluating the integrity of sellers’ listings inspires buyer confidence in our sellers and in the quality of the luxury design items sold on 1stDibs.

Extensive fraud protection and secure payment solutions further establish the trust sellers and buyers have in our online marketplace.

Extensive fraud protection and secure payment solutions further establish the trust buyers and sellers have in our online marketplace.

We believe the ability for buyers to interact and negotiate prices directly with sellers increases both on-platform conversion and buyer retention rate.

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• a community of sellers from around the world to ensure high-quality products;

• confidence at checkout with multiple secure payment options and a comprehensive fraud protection and prevention program;

• customer service support from dedicated specialists to answer questions, assist with orders, and stand ready to resolve any transaction or technical issues throughout the buying process;

• confidence at checkout with multiple secure payment options and a comprehensive fraud prevention program;

• customer service support from specialists to answer questions, assist with orders, and stand ready to resolve any transaction or technical issues throughout the buying process;

• worry-free cancellations within 24 hours;

• a Price-Match Guarantee to ensure that if a buyer finds a 1stDibs seller that has the same item for a lower price elsewhere, 1stDibs will match it;

• an Authenticity Guarantee to ensure if there is an issue with an item’s authenticity, we will provide a refund within a year from purchase;

• enablement of a seamless and transparent global end-to-end shipping, logistics and delivery experience focused on security and a high level of care.

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As of December 31, 2025, we provided sellers access to a global base of approximately 7.8 million users in over 200 countries, who would otherwise largely be inaccessible in an offline market.

Our Active Buyers had 81 and 86 sessions and viewed 266 and 218 product pages, on average, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

We built 1stDibs to empower and inspire confidence in our sellers by using our proprietary technology to digitize and transform their businesses.

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• Listing & Pricing:

We empower sellers with tools useful for them to control item pricing and item visibility on our online marketplace.

We empower sellers with tools useful for them to manage item pricing and item visibility on our online marketplace.

Sellers can leverage our proprietary classification methodologies and structured data to create listings tailored to their inventory.

We have created a pricing index, “1stDibs Insider,” which provides pricing guidance to our sellers based on historical pricing trends.

We have created a pricing index, “1stDibs Insider,” which provides pricing context to our sellers based on historical pricing trends.

By providing historical pricing data for similar items that have recently sold, we believe this helps sellers price items more competitively.

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We also provide sellers purchase format flexibility beyond the standard list price model.

Sellers can choose to list items without a price using the “Price Upon Request” purchasing format.

Furthermore, sellers can review, accept, or counter-offer negotiation requests, or create “Private Offers” for prospective buyers and “Automated Private Offers” (preset and triggered by buyer behavior).

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The ability to offer a convenient, seamless transaction experience, including on-platform communications and a wide range of payment solutions, such as credit card, PayPal, Apple Pay, Automated Clearing House (“ACH”), and wire transfer further drives buyer conversion.

We maximize Search Engine Optimization (“SEO”) to help buyers find items and connect with our sellers, allowing them to purchase products tailored to their tastes and preferences with ease.

We have assembled a robust network of logistics providers to help sellers fulfill orders at a lower cost, giving them an advantage relative to conventional offline sales and allowing them to focus more time on what they do best:

We use Search Engine Optimization (“SEO”) to help buyers find items and connect with our sellers, allowing them to purchase products tailored to their tastes and preferences with ease.

We have assembled a robust network of logistics

providers to help sellers fulfill orders at a lower cost, giving them an advantage relative to conventional offline sales and allowing them to focus more time on what they do best:

curating and selling unique luxury design items.

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We curate our buyers’ experience to target their specific tastes and preferences and provide them with design inspiration through our expertly merchandised collections and our online editorial publications.

Our platform calculates a “salability” score for items using machine learning and gives items with a higher likelihood of selling increased priority in buyers’ search and browse sort order.

Additionally, our platform offers pricing insights to show buyers historical pricing data for similar items that have recently sold which can increase buyer confidence and help buyers with decision-making and in negotiations.

Our customized Private Client and Trade Service teams provide high-touch human support for Consumer and Trade Buyers.

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We aggregate supply from a large number of globally distributed sellers, offering buyers an online destination to access a variety of luxury products across the globe.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had approximately 45% and 44% of our listings located outside the United States, respectively.

As of both December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had approximately 45% of our listings located outside the United States.

The percentage of our unique sellers based outside of the United States was 52% and 53% as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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Given the unique inventory available on our online marketplace and the relatively high price points, buyers are likely to have questions regarding origin and item attributes.

We have developed tools to facilitate communication between sellers and buyers and have added incentives for sellers to respond quickly.

We have developed tools to facilitate communication between buyers and sellers and have added incentives for sellers to respond quickly.

Negotiation is a common purchase format in our verticals;

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• Personalization:

We collect rich data around our users’ preferences, site engagement, item and seller attributes, buyers’ browsing patterns and purchase behaviors.

We collect rich data around our buyers’ preferences, site engagement, item and seller attributes, buyers’ browsing patterns and purchase behaviors.

As a result, we are able to curate our buyers’ experience to target their specific tastes and preferences.

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Multiple possible payment methods offer our buyers a convenient checkout experience compared to traditional offline retail channels by removing complexity and introducing transparency to the purchasing process.

We allow buyers to transact securely from their homes, bypassing the complicated and time-intensive process, and often opaque pricing associated with traditional offline channels.

We allow buyers to transact securely from anywhere, bypassing the complicated and time-intensive process, and often opaque pricing associated with traditional offline channels.

Our valuable buyer base also appreciates the privacy and anonymity associated with purchasing products online through our marketplace.

Our Price-Match Guarantee further increases purchasing confidence, as buyers are assured they will always transact at the lowest price.

We also require Sellers to agree to price parity on the platform in which our Sellers must ensure their pricing on 1stDibs matches or beats their pricing on other channels.

In addition, we provide additional benefits to Trade Buyers, including trade exclusive pricing, buyer incentives, priority support, sourcing expertise, and enhanced buyer protection, among others through our Trade 1st program.

Our client service associates help ensure the satisfaction of sellers and buyers by addressing and assisting in the resolution of questions relating to orders, deliveries, returns, and disputes.

For certain individual Consumers or Trade Buyers, respectively, we provide support at the individual level through our Private Client and Trade Services to provide a seamless buying process.

Our Growth Strategies

Expand Our Buyer Base

We are focused on continuing to grow our buyer base and believe we are still in the early stages of introducing a unique and growing supply of luxury design items to a much broader audience.

Of our 7.0 million users as of December 31, 2024, we estimate based on the available information provided by our users that approximately 64% are U.S.-based and 36% are international, which represents approximately 1% penetration of the U.S.

population and less than 1% of the international population.

As of December 31, 2023, we estimated that approximately 66% of our 6.3 million users were U.S.-based and 34% were international.

Approximately 20% of our buyers are located internationally as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023.

To date, we have primarily grown our current buyer base organically through word-of-mouth, mentions in the press, and earned media, as well as paid media, promotions, and third party partnerships.

We believe we can significantly increase our buyer base by utilizing targeted, data-driven marketing efforts that generate meaningful returns.

We believe we can continue to

expand our buyer audience across a wide swath of buyer demographics including income, geography, and age, as well as level of design experience and design preference.

Grow Our Marketplace Supply

We intend to further increase the supply on our online marketplace by offering a captivating value proposition and enhanced item listing tools, adding new inventory from existing sellers, and growing the range of sellers from whom we source.

We continue to enhance our value proposition for sellers by providing broad and growing access to a global base of design-minded buyers and a platform with a comprehensive suite of tools that help our sellers successfully transact and scale their business.

This value proposition drives sellers to our online marketplace, deepens the breadth of our inventory, and helps attract new buyers.

We may also choose to expand our network of sellers inorganically, either through acquisitions of, or partnerships with, companies or design brands.

Investment in Technology and Innovation

We have made, and will continue to make, strategic investments in our platform to drive seller success through new tools, convert users to buyers, grow our long-term revenue and operating results, drive technological innovation, and enhance the overall experience of our online marketplace.

As we continue to scale, we plan to strategically invest in innovation, including continued investment in machine learning and artificial intelligence, to address the needs of our sellers and buyers and drive efficiencies in our business, localize our platform, and may enter new verticals and geographies.

Overall, investments in our platform are focused on maximizing traffic, increasing conversion rate, and improving the overall efficiency of our operations.

We acquire new buyers and drive traffic to our online marketplace through a mix of direct response marketing channels, with an emphasis on digital and a focus is on efficient growth.

We derive a relatively low percentage of our traffic and orders from paid media.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we estimate that approximately 69% of new user sessions came from non-paid channels, including organic search, direct web, direct app, organic social, email, and referral compared to 76% during the year ended December 31, 2023.

We utilize user data and rigorous A/B testing to improve the user experience, and continuously optimize the performance of our marketing campaigns and channels.

We use highly targeted promotional incentives, where appropriate, to profitably acquire and retain buyers.

We focus on engaging and retaining our users with personalized experiences and elevated storytelling.

We understand user preferences from their discovery and purchase history, and use that data to recommend products that are most likely to drive engagement, conversion, and repeat purchasing.

We offer Private Client services to our most engaged consumers;

and cultivate interior designer engagement and retention through the Trade 1st program.

We communicate with our buyers primarily through email, site, text, mobile push notifications, print catalogs, and organic social.

We acquire new sellers through a combination of inbound applicants who primarily find us by word of mouth from other sellers, as well as focused lead sourcing.

We review all applications from these efforts, tier them according to desirability based on their inventory quality and “salability” onsite, and then invite the approved sellers to join our online marketplace.

Pursue New Product Verticals and Diversification Opportunities

Antique and vintage furniture comprised less than 50% of our on-platform GMV in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We expect antique and vintage furniture to account for less than 50% of on-platform GMV for the foreseeable future.

Adding verticals has several benefits, including increasing our addressable market, the number of sellers and buyers, purchase frequency, and offering our buyers a wider supply of inventory while strengthening our brand as a preeminent online destination for luxury design items.

We intend to continue to evaluate such diversification opportunities as part of our overall growth strategy.

Our platform infrastructure is designed to scale with growth and diversification in mind.

Expand Internationally

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the vast majority of our buyers were located in the United States and other English-speaking countries.

As of December 31, 2024, 45% of the supply on our online marketplace comes from outside the United States, while only 20% of buyers are located internationally.

We believe that this presents a large international expansion opportunity.

Our website traffic also indicates strong international presence and opportunities for conversion, with approximately 44% of current traffic coming from outside the United States.

We had 53% and 55% of unique sellers and 45% and 44% of the supply on our online marketplace come from outside the United States in the years ended December 31, 2024,

and 2023, respectively.

On-platform GMV from buyers in non-U.S.

markets constituted 18% and 17% in the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

We believe there is an opportunity to grow our GMV from non-U.S.

markets, and may also expand internationally through acquisitions.

Our client service associates help ensure the satisfaction of buyers and sellers by addressing and assisting in the resolution of questions relating to orders, deliveries, returns, and disputes.

Human Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2024, we had 284 full-time employees, including 104 in technology development, 78 in sales and marketing, 38 in general and administrative, and 64 in operations.

The 20% increase in full-time employees from December 31, 2023 is primarily due to an acquisition of a Lithuanian technology support company that is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

As of December 31, 2025, we had 266 full-time employees, including 105 in technology development, 55 in sales and marketing, 67 in operations, and 39 in general and administrative .

Our human capital resources objective is to ensure that we have the best possible team to reach our business goals, and that the team has a positive employee experience.

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Our proprietary services-based architecture is the foundation of our platform.

It is designed to connect sellers and buyers worldwide, enabling online transactions of unique products by removing purchase friction.

It is designed to connect buyers and sellers worldwide, enabling online transactions of unique products by removing purchase friction.

We leverage appropriate technologies to ensure security, performance, and scalability.

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Allows us to scale individual parts of the platform independently from others, increasing engineering efficiency.

It also facilitates using different programming languages appropriate for specific tasks, including python for machine learning, java for big data jobs, and node for front end integrations.

It also supports using different programming languages based on the task—such as Python for analytics and machine learning, Java for backend services and high-throughput processing, and Node.js for lightweight services and front-end integrations.

• Proprietary Database :

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Technology powers all aspects of our business, including our complex single-SKU and multi-SKU order management system.

We leverage browsing history on our platform, followed searches, “favorited” items, and previous purchases to generate personalized emails and on-site recommendations.

We leverage browsing history on our platform, followed searches, “favorited” items, previous purchases, and historical sold-item data to generate personalized emails and on-site recommendations.

This data provides us the ability to predict the relative likelihood of an item selling, as compared with other items, based upon price point and the quality of the listing, images, and shipping quotes.

We leverage this data, including user behaviors, sales trends, and seller behaviors, to improve the effectiveness of our buyer targeting and conversion efforts, and increase supply growth from existing and prospective sellers.

We leverage this data, including user behaviors, sales trends, and seller behaviors, to improve the effectiveness of our buyer targeting and conversion efforts, increase supply growth from existing and prospective sellers, and deliver pricing guidance to sellers by recommending competitive price points based on comparable past sales performance.

• Scalable Page Creation :

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• System Security and Business Continuity :

Our infrastructure has been designed to adhere to industry best practices for secure storage and management of all sensitive data, including encryption (for data at rest as well as in transit), access logging, and internal change controls.

Our infrastructure has been designed to adhere to industry best practices for secure storage and management of all sensitive data, access logging, and internal change controls.

Physical and logical access controls are in place, and personally identifiable information is obfuscated.

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Data Security and Protection

We are committed to the security of the sellers and buyers who transact on our marketplace.

We collect and store certain personally identifiable information provided by our sellers and buyers and other third parties with whom we transact, such as names, email addresses, and the details of transactions.

We are committed to the security of the buyers and sellers who transact on our marketplace.

We collect and store certain personally identifiable information provided by our buyers and sellers and other third parties with whom we transact, such as names, email addresses, and the details of transactions.

We do not directly collect, transmit, and store personal financial information such as credit card data and other payment information and rely on third-party payment processors who provide these services on our behalf.

The collection, transmission, and storage of such information is subject to stringent legal and regulatory obligations.

Some of our third-party service providers, such as identity verification and payment processing

providers, also regularly have access to seller and buyer data.

Some of our third-party service providers, such as identity verification and payment processing providers, also regularly have access to seller and buyer data.

We undertake administrative and technical measures to protect our systems and the consumer data those systems process and store.

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As such, we need to comply with various laws and regulations associated with doing business outside of the United States, including regarding the handling of antique and vintage items and licensing requirements of antique and vintage dealers, export control laws, economic and trade sanctions, anti-money laundering laws, and anti-corruption laws.

Further, various countries regulate the import of certain technology and have enacted or could enact laws that limit our ability to provide sellers and buyers access to our platform or could limit our sellers’ and buyers’ ability to access or use our services in those countries.

Further, various countries regulate the import of certain technology and have enacted or could enact laws that limit our ability to provide buyers and sellers access to our platform or could limit our sellers’ and buyers’ ability to access or use our services in those countries.

Although we take precautions to prevent violations of these laws, our exposure for violating these laws increases as our international presence expands and as we increase sales and operations in foreign jurisdictions.

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We also compete with the online offerings of these traditional retail entities, as well as online marketplaces that may offer the same or similar goods and services that we offer.

We believe that we compete effectively based on the volume, quality, and assortment of unique luxury design items available on our online marketplace, our brand awareness and history built on trust and authenticity, the experience and value proposition we offer to sellers and buyers, and the global scale of our online marketplace, including the effectiveness of our mobile app.

We believe that we compete effectively based on the volume, quality, and assortment of unique luxury design items available on our online marketplace, our brand awareness and history built on trust and authenticity, the experience and value proposition we offer to buyers and sellers, and the global scale of our online marketplace, including the effectiveness of our mobile app.

Intellectual Property

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Although we do not currently have any issued patents, we may pursue patent protection for aspects of our technology in the future.

We seek to protect our proprietary information, in part, by entering into

confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees and independent contractors.

We seek to protect our proprietary information, in part, by entering into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees and independent contractors.

Our employees are also subject to invention assignment agreements.

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Our website address is www.1stdibs.com, and our investor relations website is www.investors.1stdibs.com.

Copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available free of charge on our investor relations website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.

“Exchange Act”), are available free of charge on our investor relations website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.

The SEC also maintains a website that contains our SEC filings.

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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1. Business