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Item 1A. Risk Factors

2023-03-15 compared with 2022-03-14 · 251 added, 272 removed, 382 unchanged (58% of the section changed)

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Unless otherwise indicated, references in these risk factors to our business being harmed will include harm to our business, reputation, brand, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

In such event, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

In any such event, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are an early-stage company with a history of losses, and we expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.

As of December 31, 2021, we have incurred a year-to-date net loss of $347.8 million, and we have incurred a net loss of approximately $373.6 million since inception.

As of December 31, 2022, we incurred a net loss of $317.3 million, and we have incurred a net loss of approximately $690.9 million since inception.

We believe that we will continue to incur operating and net losses each quarter until at least the time we begin generating significant revenues from our planned lines of business, which is not expected to occur until late 2024 or 2025, and may occur later or not at all.

Even if we are able to successfully launch our Archer UAM or Archer Direct lines of business, there can be no assurance that such lines of business will be financially successful.

Our potential profitability is dependent upon the successful development and successful commercial introduction and acceptance of our aircraft, which may not occur.

We expect the rate at which we will incur losses to be significantly higher in future periods as we:

Even if we are able to successfully launch our Archer UAM or Archer Direct lines of business, there can be no assurance that such lines of business will be financially viable.

We expect the rate at which we will incur losses could be significantly higher in future periods as we:

• continue to design, develop, manufacture, certify and market our aircraft;

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• increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations and operations as a public company.

Because we will incur the costs and expenses from these efforts before we receive any incremental revenues with respect thereto, our losses in future periods are expected to be significant.

Because we expect to incur the costs and expenses from these efforts before we receive any significant revenues with respect thereto, our losses in future periods are expected to be significant.

In addition, we may find that these efforts are more expensive than we currently anticipate or that these efforts may not result in the revenues we expect, which could further increase our losses.

We are still developing our fully operational demonstrator eVTOL aircraft, have not yet obtained FAA certification of our production eVTOL aircraft under development and we have yet to manufacture or deliver any aircraft to customers, which makes evaluating our business and future prospects difficult and increases the risk of investment.

We are still developing our eVTOL aircraft, have not yet obtained FAA certification of our eVTOL aircraft under development and we have yet to manufacture or deliver any aircraft to customers, which makes evaluating our business and future prospects difficult and increases the risk of investment.

We were incorporated in October 2018 and have a limited operating history in designing, developing, and working to certify an eVTOL aircraft.

Our eVTOL aircraft is in the development stage and we do not expect our first production vehicle to be produced until 2024, 2025 or later.

We are still working to obtain FAA type certification of our eVTOL aircraft (including the G-2 and G-3 Issue Paper milestones, which, among other things, establish the applicable airworthiness and environmental regulations, special conditions, and procedural requirements that must be met to achieve FAA type certification).

As a result, we have no experience as an organization in high volume manufacturing of aircraft.

Our eVTOL aircraft is in the development stage and we do not expect our first production aircraft to be certified by the FAA until 2024, 2025 or later.

We are still working with the FAA in an attempt to obtain Type Certification

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of our eVTOL aircraft.

As a result, we have no experience as an organization in volume manufacturing of aircraft.

Some of our current and potential competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we have and expect to have in the future.

As a result, those competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development of their current and future technologies, the promotion and sale of their offerings, and/or offer their technologies at lower prices.

In particular, our competitors may be able to receive Type, Airworthiness or Production certification from the FAA covering their eVTOL aircraft prior to us receiving such certificates.

In particular, our competitors may be able to receive Type, Airworthiness or Production certification from the FAA covering their eVTOL aircraft prior to us receiving such certifications.

Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative or strategic relationships amongst themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and offerings.

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Any such foreign competitor, for example, could benefit from subsidies from, or other protective measures by, its home country.

We cannot assure you that we or our partners will be able to develop efficient, automated, cost-efficient manufacturing capability and processes, and reliable sources of component supplies that will enable us to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards, as well as the production volumes, required to successfully commercialize our aircraft.

We cannot assure you that we or our partners will be able to develop manufacturing and supply chain capabilities that will enable us to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards, as well as the production volumes, required to successfully commercialize our aircraft.

You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and significant challenges we face as a new entrant into a new industry, including, among other things, with respect to our ability to:

• design and manufacture safe, reliable and quality aircraft on an ongoing basis;

• obtain the necessary regulatory approvals in a timely manner, including receipt of FAA certifications covering our aircraft and, in turn, any other government approvals necessary for manufacturing, marketing, selling and operating the Archer UAM service;

• build a well-recognized and respected brand;

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• improve and maintain our operational efficiency;

• successfully execute our manufacturing and production model and maintain a reliable, secure, high-performance and scalable technology infrastructure;

• successfully execute our manufacturing and production model and maintain a reliable, secure, and scalable technology infrastructure;

• predict our future revenues and appropriately budget for our expenses;

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If we fail to adequately address any or all of these risks and challenges, our business may be harmed.

Our Purchase Agreement with United is conditional and is currently the only order for our aircraft.

If the order conditions are not met, or if this order is otherwise cancelled, modified or delayed, our prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be harmed.

Our Purchase Agreement with United is conditional and is currently the only order for our aircraft.

Those conditions include, among other things, us receiving certification of our aircraft by the FAA and further negotiation and reaching mutual agreement on certain material terms, such as aircraft specifications, warranties, usage and transfer of the aircraft, performance guarantees, delivery periods, most favored nation provisions, the type and extent of assistance to be provided by United in obtaining certification of the aircraft for its intended use, territorial restrictions, rights to jointly developed intellectual property, escalation adjustments and other matters.

The obligations of United to consummate the order will arise only after all of such material terms are agreed by the parties.

Further, and in addition to other termination rights set forth in the Purchase Agreement and the Collaboration Agreement with United (the “United Collaboration Agreement”), if the parties do not agree on such material terms, either party will have the right to terminate the agreements if such party determines in its discretion that it is not likely that such material terms will be agreed in a manner that is consistent with such party’s business and operational interests (as those interests may change from time to time).

If this order is cancelled, modified or delayed, or otherwise not consummated, or if we are otherwise unable to convert our strategic relationships or collaborations into sales revenue, our prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be affected.

Our business plan requires a significant amount of capital.

In addition, our future capital needs may require us to sell additional equity or debt securities that may dilute our stockholders or introduce covenants that may restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends.

In addition, our future capital needs may require us to issue additional equity or debt securities that may dilute our stockholders or introduce covenants that may restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends.

We expect our capital expenditures and operating expenses to continue to be significant in the foreseeable future as we develop our aircraft and business, and that our level of capital expenditures and operating expenses will be significantly affected by the aircraft development and certification process as well as subsequent customer demand for our aircraft.

We believe our current cash balances will be sufficient to fund our current operating plan for at least the next 12 months.

However, we expect that in the coming years we will need to make significant investments in our business, including development of our aircraft, bring up of manufacturing capabilities, the infrastructure to support Archer UAM, and investments in our brand.

In addition, over the next few years we expect to continue to incur ongoing expenses related to the Wisk Aero LLC (“Wisk”) litigation, which are difficult to predict.

See our other risk factor titled “We have been sued by a competitor alleging misappropriation by us of certain of their trade secrets and infringement by us of certain of their patents.

These proceedings, as well as any other proceedings relating to these allegations and similar allegations or legal proceedings in the future, may be time-consuming and expensive and, if adversely determined, could delay, limit or prevent our ability to commercialize our aircraft or otherwise execute on our business plans.” These investments and expenses may be greater than currently anticipated or there may be investments or expenses that are unforeseen, and we may not succeed in acquiring sufficient capital to offset these higher expenses and achieve significant revenue generation.

However, we expect that over the coming years we will continue to make significant investments in our business, including development of our aircraft, bring up of manufacturing capabilities, the infrastructure to support Archer UAM, and investments in our brand.

In addition, over the next few years we expect to continue to incur ongoing expenses related to the Wisk Aero LLC (“Wisk”)

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litigation, which are difficult to predict.

See our risk factor titled:

“ We have been sued by a competitor alleging misappropriation by us of certain of their trade secrets and infringement by us of certain of their patents.

These proceedings, as well as any other proceedings relating to these allegations and similar allegations or legal proceedings in the future, are likely to be time-consuming and expensive and, if adversely determined, could delay, limit or prevent our ability to commercialize our aircraft or otherwise execute on our business plans.

These investments and expenses may be greater than currently anticipated or there may be investments or expenses that are unforeseen, and we may not succeed in acquiring sufficient capital to offset these expenses and achieve significant revenue generation.

We have a limited operating history and no historical data on the demand for our planned Archer UAM and Archer Direct businesses.

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Such financing might not be available to us when needed or on terms that are acceptable, or at all.

Our ability to obtain the necessary financing to carry out our business plan is subject to a number of factors, including general market conditions and investor acceptance of our planned business model.

These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of such financing unattractive or unavailable to us.

If we are unable to raise sufficient capital, we may

have to significantly reduce our spending and/or delay or cancel our planned activities.

Our ability to obtain the necessary capital to carry out our business plan is subject to a number of factors, including general economic and market conditions, as well as investor sentiment regarding our planned business.

These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of any such financing unattractive or unavailable to us.

The current macroeconomic environment may increase our cost of financing or make it more difficult to raise additional capital on favorable terms, if at all.

If we are unable to raise sufficient capital, we may have to significantly reduce our spending and/or delay or cancel our planned activities.

We might not be able to obtain any financing, and we might not have sufficient capital to conduct our business as projected, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations.

In addition, our future capital needs and other business needs or plans could require us to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility.

The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders.

The incurrence of indebtedness would also result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.

Actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems.

For example, on March 10, 2023, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the FDIC, took control and was appointed receiver of Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB.

Similarly, on March 12, 2023, Signature Bank and Silvergate Capital Corp.

were each swept into receivership.

Although a statement by the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC stated that all depositors of SVB would have access to all of their money after only one business day of closure, including funds held in uninsured deposit accounts, borrowers under credit agreements, letters of credit and certain other financial instruments with SVB, Signature Bank or any other financial institution that is placed into receivership by the FDIC may be unable to access undrawn amounts thereunder.

If any of our counterparties to any such instruments were to be placed into receivership, we may be unable to access such funds.

As of March 15, 2023, our exposure to SVB is immaterial and we do not have any exposure to Signature Bank and Silvergate Capital Corp.

If other banks and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability to access our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

In addition, our future capital needs and other business needs or plans could require us to issue additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility.

The issuance of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders.

The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.

If we cannot raise additional capital when we need or want to, our operations and prospects could be negatively affected.

Our future success depends on the continuing efforts of our key employees and on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel and senior management.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel.

In particular, we are highly dependent on the contributions of our co-founders, Brett Adcock and Adam Goldstein, as well as other members of our management team.

The loss of any key personnel could make it more difficult to achieve on our business plans.

Although we have generally entered into employment offer letters with our key personnel, these agreements have no specific duration and provide for at-will employment, which means our key personnel may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time.

Compensation packages for highly skilled personnel has increased over time and will likely continue to increase, and competition for highly skilled employees is often intense, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area where we are located, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain them.

We may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs.

We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications.

In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment.

If the perceived value of our equity or equity awards declines, it may adversely affect our ability to retain highly skilled employees.

If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business, operating results, financial condition and future growth prospects could be harmed.

We have identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect our business and stock price.

In connection with the preparation and audit of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, certain material weaknesses were identified in our internal control over financial reporting.

These material weaknesses had not been remediated as of December 31, 2021.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The material weaknesses identified are as follows:

• We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with our financial reporting requirements.

We lacked a sufficient number of trained professionals with (i) an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, training and experience to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately, and (ii) an appropriate level of knowledge and experience to establish effective processes and controls.

Additionally, the limited personnel resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation of duties in our finance and accounting functions.

This material weakness in the control environment contributed to the other material weaknesses discussed below.

• We did not design and maintain an effective risk assessment process at a precise enough level to identify new and evolving risks of material misstatement in our financial statements.

Specifically, changes to existing controls or the implementation of new controls have not been sufficient to respond to changes to the risks of material misstatement to financial reporting.

• We did not design and maintain formal accounting policies, procedures and controls to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures, including controls over the preparation and review of business performance reviews, account reconciliations and journal entries.

• We did not design and maintain effective controls over information technology (“IT”) general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our financial statements.

Specifically, we did not design and maintain:

• user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to financial applications, programs, and data to appropriate company personnel;

• program change management controls to ensure that IT program and data changes affecting financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized, and implemented appropriately;

• computer operations controls to ensure that data backups are authorized and monitored.

These material weaknesses resulted in immaterial audit adjustments to the research and development expense and property and equipment line items in our financial statements and related disclosures for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the general and administrative expense line item and within current liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for the year ended December 31, 2021, and a revision to our consolidated condensed financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2021 to reclassify certain costs within operating expenses from research and development expense to other warrant expense.

Additionally, each of these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

We have begun our work to remediate these material weaknesses.

Those remediation measures are ongoing and include the following:

• Hiring additional finance, accounting, and IT personnel during 2021, including a new chief financial officer, chief information officer and other finance, accounting, and IT personnel to bolster our finance, accounting, and IT capabilities and capacity, and to establish and maintain our internal controls;

• Designing and implementing controls to formalize roles and review responsibilities to align with our team’s skills and experience and designing and implementing formal controls over segregation of duties;

• Designing and implementing a formal risk assessment process to identify and evaluate changes in our business and the impact on our internal controls;

• Designing and implementing formal processes, policies and procedures supporting our financial close process, including completion of business performance reviews and creation of standard balance sheet reconciliation templates and journal entry controls;

• Designing and implementing IT general controls, including controls over the review and update of user access rights and privileges, change management processes and procedures, and data backup authorization and monitoring.

While we believe these efforts will remediate the material weaknesses, we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing or any necessary remediations in a timely fashion, or at all.

We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date and may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the possibility of human error and the risk of fraud.

Any failure to design or maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could increase compliance costs, negatively impact share trading prices, or otherwise harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.

If we experience harm to our reputation and brand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Continuing to increase the strength of our reputation and brand for achieving our business plans is critical to our ability to attract and retain employees, customers, and other business partners.

In addition, our growth strategy may include expansion through joint ventures, minority investments or other partnerships with strategic business partners, which may include event activations and cross-marketing with other established brands, all of which may be dependent on our ability to build our reputation and brand recognition.

The successful development of our reputation and brand will depend on a number of factors,

many of which are outside our control.

Negative perception of our platform or company may harm our reputation and brand, including as a result of:

• complaints or negative publicity or reviews about our aircraft or service offerings from either our Archer UAM or Archer Direct customers or negative publicity reviews about other brands or events we are associated with, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents;

• changes to our operations, safety and security, privacy or other policies that users or others perceive as overly restrictive, unclear or inconsistent with our values;

• illegal, negligent, reckless or otherwise inappropriate behavior by our management team or other employees, our Archer Direct customers, our Archer UAM customers or our other business partners;

• actual or perceived disruptions or defects in our aircraft or aerial ride sharing platform, such as data security incidents, platform outages, payment processing disruptions or other incidents that impact the availability, reliability or security of our offerings;

• litigation over, or investigations by regulators into, our aircraft or our operations or those of our Archer Direct customers or other business partners;

• a failure to operate our business in a way that is consistent with our values;

• negative responses by our Archer Direct or Archer UAM customers to urban air mobility offerings;

• perception of our treatment of employees, contractors, Archer Direct or Archer UAM customers or our other business partners and our response to their sentiment related to political or social causes or actions of management;

• any of the foregoing with respect to our competitors, to the extent such resulting negative perception affects the public’s perception of us or our industry as a whole.

In addition, changes we may make to enhance and improve our offerings and balance the needs and interests of our Archer Direct and Archer UAM customers may be viewed positively from one group’s perspective (such as our Archer UAM customers) but negatively from another’s perspective (such as third-party companies that purchase and operate our aircraft), or may not be viewed positively by either our Archer Direct or Archer UAM customers.

If we fail to balance the interests of these two different customer bases or make changes that they view negatively, our customers may stop purchasing our aircraft or stop using our Archer UAM service or take fewer flights, any of which could adversely affect our reputation, brand, business, financial condition and results of operations.

The markets for our offerings are still in development, and if such markets do not materialize, or grow more slowly than we expect or fail to grow as large as we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

The markets for eVTOL aircraft are still in development, and our success in these markets is dependent upon our ability to effectively design, develop, and certify eVTOL aircraft, market and gain traction of air urban air mobility as a substitute for existing methods of transportation and the effectiveness of our other marketing and growth strategies.

If the public does not perceive urban air mobility as beneficial, or chooses not to adopt urban air mobility as a result of concerns regarding safety, affordability or for other reasons, then the market for our offerings may not materialize, may develop more slowly than we expect or may not achieve the growth potential we expect, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Growth of our business will require significant investments in our infrastructure, technology, and marketing and sales efforts.

If the public does not perceive urban air mobility as beneficial, or chooses not to adopt urban air mobility as a result of concerns regarding safety, noise, affordability or for other reasons, then the market for our offerings may not materialize, may develop more slowly than we expect or may not achieve the growth potential we expect, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Growth of our business will require significant investments in our infrastructure, technology, and sales and marketing efforts.

If our business does not have sufficient capital required to support these investments, our results of operations will be negatively affected.

Further, our ability to effectively manage growth and expansion of our operations will also require us to enhance our operational systems, internal controls and infrastructure, human resources policies and reporting systems.

Further, our ability to effectively manage growth and expansion of our operations will also require us to

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enhance our operational systems, internal controls and infrastructure, human resources policies and reporting systems.

These enhancements will require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources.

modes of transportation, any of which could adversely affect our prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.

The eVTOL aircraft industry may not continue to develop, eVTOL aircraft may not be adopted by the market, eVTOL aircraft may not be certified by government authorities or eVTOL aircraft may not be an attractive alternative to existing modes of transportation, any of which could adversely affect our prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.

eVTOL aircraft involve a complex set of technologies, which we must continue to further develop and rely on our Archer Direct and Archer UAM customers to adopt.

However, before eVTOL aircraft can fly passengers, we must receive requisite certifications and approvals from governmental authorities.

However, before eVTOL aircraft can fly passengers, we must receive requisite certifications and approvals from applicable governmental authorities.

There are currently no eVTOL aircraft certified by the FAA for commercial operations in the United States, and there is no assurance that our design, development and certification efforts will result in our receiving FAA certification of our aircraft.

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The promulgation of additional federal, state, and local laws and regulations that address eVTOL aircraft more specifically could delay our ability to commercially launch our eVTOL aircraft and UAM network.

For example, on March 7, 2022, the DOT's Office of Inspector General (the “OIG”) issued a memorandum announcing that it plans to conduct an audit of the FAA's certification process for eVTOL aircraft.

The audit, which is expected to start in March 2022, is being commenced at the request of the Ranking Members of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and its Subcommittee on Aviation.

In its statement, the OIG highlighted the challenges surrounding the certification of eVTOL aircraft using existing FAA Regulations.

If the DOT, through its OIG, determines that the FAA should modify existing regulations or adopt new regulations relating to the certification of eVTOL aircraft, our efforts to achieve FAA type certification of our eVTOL aircraft could be significantly delayed while such regulations are being modified or adopted.

In addition, depending on the nature of any revised regulations, we may need to modify our approach to certification, it may be difficult for us to timely comply with such regulations, and we may not be able to timely achieve FAA type certification for our aircraft.

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Any of the foregoing risks and challenges could adversely affect our prospects, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to effectively compete and generate revenue from our products and services depends upon our ability to distinguish our products and services from our competitors and their products and services.

Our ability to compete effectively is dependent on many factors, including, without limitation, the following:

• speed to market of our initial aircraft and UAM services;

• effective strategy and execution of aircraft and service launches;

• product and service safety and performance;

• product and service pricing;

• quality of customer support.

We will have to demonstrate to potential customers that our products and services are attractive alternatives to other transportation offerings, by differentiating our products and services on the basis of such factors as innovation, performance, brand name, service, and price.

This is difficult to do, especially in a competitive market.

Some of our competitors may have more established customer relationships than we do, which could inhibit our market penetration efforts.

If we are unable to compete effectively, our revenue and profitability will be adversely impacted.

Our future success depends on the continuing efforts of our key personnel and on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel and senior management.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel.

In particular, we are highly dependent on the contributions of Adam Goldstein, our founder and CEO, as well as other members of our management team.

The loss of any key personnel could make it more difficult to achieve our business plans.

Although we have generally entered into employment offer letters with our key personnel, these letters have no specific duration and provide for at-will employment, which means our key personnel may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time.

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Compensation packages for highly skilled personnel have increased over time and will likely continue to increase, and competition for highly skilled personnel is often intense, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area market where our headquarters is located, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain our personnel.

We may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs.

We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled personnel with appropriate qualifications.

In addition, job candidates and existing personnel often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their service.

If the perceived value of our equity or equity awards declines, it may adversely affect our ability to retain highly skilled personnel.

If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business, operating results, financial condition and future growth prospects could be harmed.

We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy.

If our business grows as planned, of which there can be no assurance, we will need to expand our sales, marketing, operations, and the number of partners with whom we do business.

Our continued growth could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring, training and managing an increasing number of employees.

These difficulties may result in the erosion of our brand image, divert the attention of management and key employees and impact financial and operational results.

These difficulties may result in the erosion of our brand image, divert the attention of management and key personnel and impact financial and operational results.

The continued expansion of our business may also require additional office space for administrative support.

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If we or one of our third-party aircraft operators were to suffer an accident or lose the ability to fly certain aircraft due to safety concerns or investigations, we or such operators may be required to cancel or delay certain flights until replacement aircraft and personnel are obtained.

Our operations may also be negatively impacted by accidents or other safety-related events or investigations that occur in or near the airports and vertiports we plan to utilize for our urban air mobility services.

For example, if an accident were to occur at a vertiport we rely on for certain flights in the future (assuming we are granted government operating authority to do

so), we may be unable to fly into or out of that vertiport until the accident has been cleared, any damage to the facilities have been repaired and any insurance, regulatory or other investigations have been completed.

Our operations may also be negatively impacted by accidents or other safety-related events or investigations that occur in or near the take off and landing infrastructure we plan to utilize for our urban air mobility services.

For example, if an accident were to occur at a heliport we rely on for certain flights in the future (assuming we are granted government operating authority to do so), we may be unable to fly into or out of that heliport until the accident has been cleared, any damage to the facilities have been repaired and any insurance, regulatory or other investigations have been completed.

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Additionally, the battery packs in our aircraft are expected to use lithium-ion cells.

On rare occasions, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials as well as other lithium-ion cells.

While we have taken measures to enhance the safety of our battery designs, a field or testing failure of our aircraft could occur in the future, which could subject us to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time-consuming and expensive.

While we have taken measures to enhance the safety of our electric propulsion system, a field or testing failure of our aircraft could occur in the future, which could subject us to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time-consuming and expensive.

Also, negative public perceptions regarding the suitability of lithium-ion cells for aerospace applications or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells such as an aircraft or other fire, even if such incident does not involve our aircraft, could seriously harm our business.

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Such damage or injury could lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall.

Moreover, any failure of a competitor’s eVTOL aircraft or energy storage product may cause indirect adverse publicity for us and our aircraft.

Moreover, any such failure of a competitor’s eVTOL aircraft may cause indirect adverse publicity for us and our aircraft.

Such adverse publicity could negatively affect our brand and harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Our business may be adversely affected by labor and union activities.

Although none of our employees are currently represented by a labor union, it is common throughout the aerospace industry generally for many employees at aerospace companies to belong to a union, which can result in higher employee costs and increased risk of work stoppages.

We may also directly and indirectly depend upon other companies with unionized work forces, such as parts suppliers and trucking and freight companies, and work stoppages or strikes organized by such unions could harm our business, financial condition or operating results.

We expect that our Purchase Agreement with United and that future purchase agreements with other customers will be subject to indexed price escalation clauses which could subject us to losses if we have cost overruns or if increases in our costs exceed the applicable escalation rate.

Commercial aircraft sales contracts are often entered into years before the aircraft are delivered.

In order to help account for economic fluctuations between the contract date and delivery date, aircraft pricing generally consists of a fixed amount as modified by price escalation formulas derived from labor, commodity and other price indices.

Our revenue estimates are based on current expectations with respect to these escalation formulas, but the actual escalation amounts are outside of our control.

Escalation factors can fluctuate significantly from period to period and changes in escalation amounts can significantly impact revenues and operating margins in our business.

We can make no assurance that any customer, current or future, will exercise purchase options, fulfill existing purchase commitments or purchase additional products or services from us.

The terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement with United regarding price escalation clauses are yet to be determined, and there is no assurance that they will be determined in a manner that will mitigate the risks described above.

We currently rely and will continue to rely on third-party partners to provide and store the parts and components required to manufacture our aircraft, and to supply critical components and systems, which exposes us to a number of risks and uncertainties outside our control.

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If any of these suppliers or service partners were to experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, or if they choose to not do business with us, we would have significant difficulty in procuring and producing our aircraft, and our business prospects would be significantly harmed.

These disruptions would negatively impact our revenues, competitive position and reputation.

In addition, our suppliers or service partners may rely on certain state tax incentives that may be subject to change or elimination in the future, which could result in additional costs and delays in production if a new manufacturing site must be obtained.

These disruptions would negatively impact our certification timeline, timing and amount of revenues, competitive position and reputation.

In addition, our suppliers or service partners may rely on certain tax incentives that may be subject to change or elimination in the future, which could result in additional costs and delays in production if a new manufacturing site must be obtained.

Further, if we are unable to successfully manage our relationship with our suppliers or service partners, the quality and availability of our aircraft may be harmed.

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The manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service partners may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, fire and power outages, or by public health issues, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to manufacture our aircraft for some period of time.

The inability to manufacture our aircraft components or the backlog that could develop if the manufacturing facilities of our suppliers or service partners are inoperable for even a short period of time may result in the loss of customers or harm our reputation.

We do not control our suppliers or service partners or such parties’ labor and other legal compliance practices, including their environmental, health and safety practices.

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The effects of these factors could render the conduct of our business in a particular country undesirable or impractical and have a negative impact on our operating results.

We have been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by health epidemics and pandemics, including the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, the duration and economic, governmental and social impact of which is difficult to predict, which may significantly harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We face various risks related to public health issues, including epidemics, pandemics and other outbreaks, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes in consumer and business behavior, pandemic fears and market downturns, supply shortages and restrictions on business and individual activities, has created significant volatility in the global economy.

The spread of COVID-19 has also created a disruption in the manufacturing, delivery and overall supply chain of aircraft manufacturers and suppliers, and has led to a global decrease in aircraft sales and usage in markets around the world.

The duration and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business is currently unknown.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns.

These measures may adversely impact our employees and operations and the operations of our suppliers, vendors and business partners, and may negatively impact our sales and marketing activities and the production schedule of our aircraft.

In addition, various aspects of our business cannot be conducted remotely, including the testing and manufacturing of our aircraft.

These measures by government authorities may remain in place for a significant period of time and they are likely to continue to adversely affect our testing, manufacturing and building plans, sales and marketing activities, business and results of operations.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us and many of our contractors and service providers to modify their business practices (including employee travel, recommending that all non-essential personnel work from home and cancellation or reduction of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we and our contractors and service providers may be required to take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, suppliers, vendors and business partners.

There is no certainty that such actions will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities.

If significant portions of our workforce or contractors and service providers are unable to work effectively, including due to illness, quarantines, social distancing, government actions or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations will be impacted.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, prospects and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the virus and its variants or treat its impact and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activities can resume.

The COVID-19 pandemic could limit the ability of our customers, suppliers, vendors and business partners to perform, including third-party suppliers’ ability to provide components and materials used in our aircraft.

We may also experience an increase in the cost of raw materials used in our commercial production of our aircraft.

Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of COVID-19’s global economic impact, including ongoing supply chain shortages.

There are no comparable recent events which may provide guidance as to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or other health pandemics or epidemics is highly uncertain and subject to change.

We do not yet know the full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, or the global economy as a whole.

However, the effects could have a material impact on our results of operations, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely.

We are or may be subject to risks associated with strategic relationships or other opportunities and may not be able to identify adequate strategic relationship opportunities, or form strategic relationships, in the future.

We have entered into strategic relationships, and may in the future enter into additional strategic relationships or joint ventures or minority equity investments, in each case with various third parties for the production or operation of our aircraft as well as with other collaborators with capabilities on data and analytics and engineering.

These alliances subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third-party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic relationships, any of which may adversely affect our business.

We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffer negative

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publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with any such third party.

Strategic business relationships will be an important factor in the growth and success of our business.

However, there are no assurances that we will be able to continue to identify or secure suitable business relationship opportunities in the future or our competitors may capitalize on such opportunities before we do.

Moreover, identifying such opportunities could require substantial management time and resources, and negotiating and financing relationships involves significant costs and uncertainties.

If we are unable to successfully source and execute on strategic relationship opportunities in the future, our overall growth could be impaired, and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

When appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire or license additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business.

In addition to possible stockholder approval, we may need approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions or licenses and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may disrupt our business strategy if we fail to do so.

Furthermore, acquisitions or licenses and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own would likely require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations.

Acquired or licensed assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect.

Acquisitions or licenses could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business.

Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.

The United Purchase Agreement is conditional and is currently the only order for our aircraft.

If the order conditions are not met, or if this order is otherwise canceled, modified or delayed, our prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be harmed.

The United Purchase Agreement is conditional and is currently the only order for our aircraft.

The obligations of United to consummate the order will arise only after all such material terms are agreed by the parties.

Further, and in addition to other termination rights set forth in the United Purchase Agreement and the Collaboration Agreement with United (the “United Collaboration Agreement”), if the parties do not agree on such material terms, either party will have the right to terminate the agreements if such party determines in its discretion that it is not likely that such material terms will be agreed in a manner that is consistent with such party’s business and operational interests (as those interests may change from time to time).

If this order is canceled, modified or delayed, or otherwise not consummated, or if we are otherwise unable to convert our strategic relationships or collaborations into sales revenue, our prospects, results of operations, liquidity and cash flow will be affected.

Our business may be adversely affected by the current macroeconomic challenges, including the effects of inflation, rising interest rates or an economic downturn or recession.

Current macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, rising interest rates and any economic downturn or recession in certain regions or worldwide have, and may continue to, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The existence of inflation in certain economies has resulted in, and may continue to result in, rising interest rates and capital costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor, components, manufacturing and shipping, as well as weakening exchange rates and other similar effects.

As a result, we have experienced and may continue to experience cost increases.

Although we take measures to mitigate the effects of inflation and rising interest rates, if these measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected.

Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when those beneficial actions impact our results or operations and when the cost of inflation is incurred.

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Our aerial ride sharing operations will initially be concentrated in a small number of urban areas, which makes our business particularly susceptible to infrastructure, economic, social, weather, regulatory conditions or other circumstances affecting these metropolitan areas.

We expect to initially launch our aerial ride sharing offering in limited jurisdictions subject to receipt of the necessary approvals.

Accordingly, our business and results of operations are particularly susceptible to adverse infrastructure, economic, social, weather, regulatory, and other conditions in these markets.

As a result of our geographic concentration, our business and financial results relating to our aerial ride sharing operations will be particularly susceptible to the impacts of these conditions or other circumstances in each of these metropolitan areas.

In addition, any changes to local laws or regulations within these urban areas that affect our ability to operate or increase our operating expenses in these markets would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Disruption of operations at the locations where our take off and landing facilities are expected to initially be located, whether caused by labor relations, utility or communications issues or challenges with obtaining charging infrastructure, could harm our business.

Certain locations may regulate flight operations, such as limiting the number of take offs and landings, which could reduce our aerial ride sharing operations.

Bans on eVTOL aircraft operations or the introduction of any new permitting requirements would significantly disrupt our operations.

In addition, demand for our Archer UAM services could be impacted if drop-offs or pick-ups of fliers become inconvenient because of take off and landing rules or regulations, or more expensive for fliers because of take off and landing related fees, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We expect concentration in large metropolitan areas and heavily trafficked airports also makes our business susceptible to an outbreak of a contagious disease, such as the Ebola virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, H1N1 influenza virus, avian flu, Zika virus, COVID-19, both due to the risk of a contagious disease affecting the urban area through the high volume of travelers flying into and out of such areas and the ease at which contagious diseases can spread through densely populated areas.

Natural disasters, including tornados, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes, and severe weather conditions, such as heavy rains, strong winds, dense fog, blizzards or snowstorms, may damage our facilities or those of our Archer Direct customers or otherwise disrupt flights into or out of the vertiports from which our aircraft arrive or depart.

Major urban areas, including those in which we expect to operate, are also at risk of terrorist attacks, actual or threatened acts of war, political disruptions and other disruptions.

The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, severe weather events, epidemic or pandemic outbreaks, terrorist attacks or disruptive political events in regions where our facilities are or will be located, or where our Archer Direct customers’ facilities are located, could adversely affect our business.

Our long-term success and ability to significantly grow our revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to establish and expand into international markets and/or expand market segments.

Our future results will depend, in part, on our ability to establish and expand our presence within international markets and may also depend on our expansion into additional market segments, such as defense or logistics/cargo.

Our ability to expand into these markets will depend upon our ability to obtain the necessary international governmental certifications and regulatory approvals, adapt to international markets and new market segments, understand the local customer base, and address any unique local technological requirements.

Our ability to expand into these markets will depend upon our ability to obtain the necessary government approvals, adapt to international markets and new market segments, understand the local customer base, and address any unique local technological requirements.

Our ability to expand internationally involves various risks, including, but not limited to, the need to invest significant resources in such expansion, and the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved in the near future or at all in these less familiar competitive environments.

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If we are unable to identify partners or negotiate favorable terms, our international growth may be limited.

In addition, we may incur significant expenses in advance of generating material revenue as we attempt to establish our presence in particular international markets or market segments outside of aircraft sales and operating a UAM network to carry passengers.

In addition, we may incur significant expenses in advance of generating significant revenues as we attempt to establish our presence in particular international markets or market segments outside of aircraft sales and operating a UAM network to carry passengers.

If we experience harm to our reputation and brand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Continuing to increase the strength of our reputation and brand for achieving our business plans is critical to our ability to attract and retain personnel, customers, investors, and other business partners.

The successful development of our reputation and brand will depend on a number of

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factors, many of which are outside our control.

Negative perception of our technology, industry or our company may harm our reputation and brand, including as a result of:

• changes to our operations, safety and security, privacy or other policies that users or others perceive as overly restrictive, unclear or inconsistent with our values;

• illegal, negligent, reckless or otherwise inappropriate behavior by our management team or other employees, our Archer Direct customers, our Archer UAM customers or our other business partners;

• litigation over, or investigations by regulators into, our aircraft or our operations or those of our Archer Direct customers or other business partners;

• a failure to operate our business in a way that is consistent with our values;

• negative responses by our Archer Direct or Archer UAM customers to urban air mobility offerings;

• any of the foregoing with respect to our competitors, to the extent such resulting negative perception affects the public’s perception of us or our industry as a whole.

Our ability to compete effectively is dependent on many factors, including, without limitation, the following:

• speed to market of our initial aircraft and UAM services;

• effective strategy and execution of aircraft and service offerings;

• product and service safety and performance;

• product and service pricing;

• quality of customer support.

This is difficult to do, especially in a competitive market.

Some of our competitors may have more established customer relationships than we do, which could inhibit our market penetration efforts.

If we are unable to compete effectively, our revenue and profitability will be adversely impacted.

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Our business may be adversely affected by labor and union activities.

We expect that the purchase agreements with Archer Direct customers could be subject to indexed price escalation clauses which would subject us to losses if we have cost overruns or if increases in our costs exceed the applicable escalation rate.

Commercial aircraft sales contracts are often entered into years before the aircraft are delivered.

Our revenue estimates are based on current expectations with respect to these escalation formulas, but the actual escalation amounts are outside of our control.

Escalation factors can fluctuate significantly from period to period and changes in escalation amounts can significantly impact revenues and operating margins in our business.

We can make no assurance that any customer, current or future, will exercise purchase options, fulfill existing purchase commitments or purchase additional products or services from us.

The terms and conditions of the United Purchase Agreement regarding price escalation clauses are yet to be determined, and there is no assurance that they will be determined in a manner that will mitigate the risks described above.

We have identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

These material weaknesses had not been remediated as of December 31, 2022.

Each of these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

We are taking the steps we believe are necessary to remediate these material weaknesses to comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding compliance with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Management, with the participation of the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors, is engaged in remediation activities to address the material weaknesses.

For a discussion of management’s consideration of the material weaknesses and the remediation measures, see Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures” included in this Annual Report.

While we believe our efforts will remediate the material weaknesses, we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing or any necessary remediations in a timely fashion, or at all.

Any failure to design or maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could increase compliance costs, negatively impact the market price of our common stock, or otherwise harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.

We face various risks related to public health issues, including epidemics, pandemics and other outbreaks, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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significant volatility in the global economy.

The spread of COVID-19 has also created a disruption in the manufacturing, delivery and overall supply chain of aircraft manufacturers and suppliers.

Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to the aviation business in general and eVTOL aircraft specifically, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

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We expect to incur significant costs in complying with these regulations.

Regulations related to the eVTOL industry, including aircraft certification, production certification, passenger operation, flight operation, airspace operation, security regulation and vertiport regulation are currently evolving, and we face risks associated with the development and evolution of these regulations.

Regulations related to the eVTOL industry, including aircraft certification, production certification, passenger operation, flight operation, airspace operation, security regulation and infrastructure regulation are currently evolving, and we face risks associated with the development and evolution of these regulations.

Our aircraft must be certified with the FAA in the United States.

Operating our aircraft in the U.S.

and providing our passenger transportation services must comply with U.S.

Operating our aircraft in the United States and providing our passenger transportation services must comply with U.S.

laws, regulations, safety standards, and customer service regulations.

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To the extent compliance with new laws is cost prohibitive, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected.

When we expand beyond the United States, such as into Europe, there will be European laws and regulations we must comply with, and there may be laws and regulations in other jurisdictions we have not yet entered or laws we are unaware of in jurisdictions we have entered that may restrict our operations or business practices or that are difficult to interpret and change rapidly.

When we expand beyond the United States, such as into the Middle East, Asia, Europe and/or South America, there will be additional laws and regulations we must comply with, and there may be laws and regulations in other jurisdictions we have not yet entered or laws we are unaware of in jurisdictions we have entered that may restrict our operations or business practices or that are difficult to interpret and change rapidly.

Continued regulatory limitations and other obstacles interfering with our business operations could have a negative and material impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

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disrupt our operational systems;

result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively

sensitive information;

result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information;

compromise certain information of customers, employees, suppliers, or others;

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The availability and effectiveness of our services depend on the continued operation of information technology and communications systems.

Our systems will be vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among others, physical theft, fire, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, power loss, war, telecommunications failures, viruses, worms, trojan horses, denial or degradation of service attacks, ransomware, social engineering schemes, insider theft or misuse or other attempts to harm our systems.

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engineering schemes, insider theft or misuse or other attempts to harm our systems.

We intend to use our avionics and flight control software and functionality to log information about each aircraft’s use in order to aid us in aircraft diagnostics and servicing.

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If these systems do not operate as we expect them to, we may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions.

Failure to comply with federal, state and foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current laws and regulations or the enactment of new laws or regulations in these areas, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

We are subject to or affected by a number of federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations and industry standards, that impose certain obligations and restrictions with respect to data privacy and security, and govern our collection, storage, retention, protection, use, processing, transmission, sharing and disclosure of personal information including that of our employees, customers and others.

Failure to comply with laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current laws and regulations or the enactment of new laws or regulations in these areas, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

We are subject to or affected by a number of laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations and industry standards, that impose certain obligations and restrictions with respect to data privacy and security, and govern our collection, storage, retention, protection, use, processing, transmission, sharing and disclosure of personal information including that of our employees, customers and others.

Most jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities and others of security breaches involving certain types of data.

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We may not be able to monitor and react to all developments in a timely manner.

For example, California adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), which became effective in January 2020.

For example, California adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), which became effective in January 2020 and which was recently amended and expanded by the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) as of January 1, 2023.

The CCPA establishes a privacy framework for covered businesses, including an expansive definition of personal information and data privacy rights for California residents.

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The CCPA requires covered businesses to provide new disclosures to California residents, provide them new ways to opt-out of certain disclosures of personal information, and allow for a new cause of action for data breaches.

As we expand our operations, the CCPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability.

Some observers have noted that the CCPA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States.

Other states have begun to propose similar laws.

As we expand our operations, the CCPA and CPRA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability.

Some observers have noted that the CCPA and CPRA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States.

Other states have adopted similar laws, many of which went into effect or will go into effect in 2023.

Compliance with any applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations is a rigorous and time-intensive process, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to comply with such laws and regulations.

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Such laws and regulations often have changes in scope, may be subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions.

European Union that are broader and more stringent than those previously in place in the European Union.

For example, the European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which became effective in May 2018, includes operational requirements for companies that receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union that are broader and more stringent than those previously in place in the European Union.

The GDPR includes significant penalties for non-compliance, including fines of up to €20 million or 4% of total worldwide revenue.

Additionally, we may be subject to evolving laws and regulations regarding the transfer of personal data outside of the European Economic Area, or EEA.

Further, following the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union, the GDPR was implemented in the United Kingdom (the “UK GDPR”)—non-compliance with which may lead to similar compliance and operational costs as the GDPR with potential fines up to £17 million or 4% of global turnover.

The UK GDPR sits alongside the UK Data Protection Act 2018 which implements certain derogations in the EU GDPR into UK law.

Under the UK GDPR, companies not established in the UK but who process personal information in relation to the offering of goods or services to individuals in the UK, or to monitor their behavior will

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be subject to the UK GDPR—the requirements of which are largely aligned with those under the GDPR but still require specific compliance under UK law that we must monitor and with which we must comply.

Additionally, we may be subject to evolving laws and regulations regarding the transfer of personal data outside of the European Economic Area (“EEA”).

Recently, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the EU-U.S.

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We are subject to risks associated with climate change, including the potential increased impacts of severe weather events on our operations and infrastructure.

The potential physical effects of climate change, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, floods, fires, fog, mist, freezing conditions, sea-level rise and other climate-related events, could affect our operations, infrastructure and financial results.

Certain of the locations where our terminal facilities are expected to initially be located in connection with our aerial ride sharing operations are susceptible to the impacts of storm-related flooding and sea-level rise, which could result in costs and loss of revenue.

We could incur significant costs to improve the climate resiliency of our infrastructure and otherwise prepare for, respond to, and mitigate such physical effects of climate change.

The potential physical effects of climate change, such as increased frequency and severity of high wind conditions, storms, floods, fires, fog, mist, freezing conditions, sea-level rise and other climate-related events, could affect our operations, infrastructure and financial results.

Climate change risks could result in but are not limited to operational risk from the physical effect of climate events on our terminal facilities, production facilities and other assets, as well as transitional risks, including new or more stringent regulatory requirements, increased monitoring and disclosure requirements, and potential effects on our reputation and/or changes in our business.

We could incur significant costs to improve the climate resiliency of our aircraft or infrastructure and otherwise prepare for, respond to, and mitigate such physical effects of climate change.

We are not able to accurately predict the materiality of any potential losses or costs associated with the physical effects of climate change.

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Third parties may also exploit vulnerabilities in, or obtain unauthorized access to, platforms, systems, networks and/or physical facilities utilized by our third-party service providers and vendors.

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Our aircraft contain complex information technology systems and built-in data connectivity to share aircraft data with ground operations infrastructure.

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In addition, as a result of our disclosure obligations as a public company, we have reduced flexibility and are under pressure to focus on short-term results, which may adversely affect our ability to achieve long-term profitability.

We have entered into strategic relationships, and may in the future enter into additional strategic relationships or joint ventures or minority equity investments, in each case with various third parties for the production of our aircraft as well as with other collaborators with capabilities on data and analytics and engineering.

We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffer negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with any such third party.

Strategic business relationships will be an important factor in the growth and success of our business.

Moreover, identifying such opportunities could require substantial management time and resources, and negotiating and financing relationships involves significant costs and uncertainties.

When appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire or license additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business.

Acquired or licensed assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect.

Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.

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We have been sued by a competitor alleging misappropriation by us of certain of their trade secrets and infringement by us of certain of their patents.

On April 6, 2021, Wisk brought a lawsuit against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (the “District Court”) alleging misappropriation of trade secrets and patent infringement.

On June 1, 2021, we filed a motion to dismiss the trade secret claims and filed counterclaims.

On June 15, 2021, Wisk amended its complaint, and the following day we filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint.

On July 13, 2021, we filed amended counterclaims.

On July 27, 2021, Wisk filed a motion to strike and dismiss certain of our amended counterclaims.

On August 10, 2021, we filed an opposition to Wisk’s motion to strike and dismiss certain of the amended counterclaims.

On August 24, 2021, the District Court denied our motion to dismiss the trade secret claims.

On September 14, 2021, the District Court denied Wisk’s motion to strike and dismiss certain of our amended counterclaims.

A trial on Wisk’s claims and our counterclaims has been scheduled to begin on January 30, 2023.

On May 19, 2021, Wisk filed a motion for preliminary injunction and expedited discovery.

On June 23, 2021, we filed an opposition to the motion for preliminary injunction.

On July 22, 2021, the District Court denied Wisk’s motion for preliminary injunction.

On August 20, 2021, Wisk filed a notice of appeal of the District Court’s denial of the motion for preliminary injunction.

On September 30, 2021, Wisk withdrew its notice of appeal of the District Court’s denial of the motion for preliminary injunction.

Prior to Wisk bringing the lawsuit against us, on March 30, 2021, one of our employees, who is a former employee of Wisk, had a search warrant executed at his home in connection with a federal investigation.

We placed this former Wisk employee on paid administrative leave in connection with this government investigation.

In relation to the same investigation, we and three of our employees, who are also former Wisk employees, received grand jury subpoenas from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of California.

On January 28, 2022, the U.S.

Attorney’s Office informed us that,

based on its review, it has made the decision not to bring charges against this employee and does not intend to continue its investigation.

The proceedings are in the early stages.

We have filed certain counterclaims for defamation, tortious interference and unfair competition against Wisk and The Boeing Company (“Boeing”), which owns a majority stake in Wisk.

For a description of the status of our legal proceedings with Wisk, see Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

We cannot predict their outcome or impact on us and our business.

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant costs in defending and responding to the proceedings.

Our business plan does not include the cost of any meaningful award of damages or settlement with Wisk.

Therefore, a negative result in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial position, liquidity, operations, and cash flows.

In addition, other holders of intellectual property rights relating to electric aircraft or any other technology relevant to our products or services may initiate legal proceedings alleging infringement or misappropriation of such rights by us and our employees, either with respect to our own intellectual property or intellectual property we license from third parties.

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant costs in defending and responding to their claims and pursuing our counterclaims.

A negative result in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial position, liquidity, operations, and cash flows.

In addition, other holders of intellectual property rights relating to electric aircraft or any other technology relevant to our products and services may initiate legal proceedings alleging infringement or misappropriation of such rights by us and/or our employees, either with respect to our own intellectual property or intellectual property we license from third parties.

Our pending proceedings and other future legal proceedings against us or our employees, regardless of outcome or merit, could be time consuming and expensive to defend or resolve, result in substantial diversion of management and technical resources, delay, limit or prevent our ability to make, develop, commercialize or deploy our aircraft and aerial ride sharing services and deteriorate our reputation and our business relationships, any of which could make it more difficult or impossible for us to operate our business or otherwise execute on our business plan and significantly adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

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Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors offering similar products or services, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage and a decrease in our revenue, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Our success depends, at least in part, on our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property.

To accomplish this, we will rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets (including know-how), employee and third-party non-disclosure agreements, copyrights, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to establish and protect our rights in our technology.

Our success depends, at least in part, on our ability to protect our key technology and intellectual property.

To accomplish this, we will rely on a combination of patents,

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trade secrets (including know-how), employee and third-party non-disclosure agreements, copyrights, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to establish and protect our rights in our technology.

The protection of our intellectual property rights will be important to our future business opportunities.

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If we fail to meaningfully establish, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights internationally, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our aerial ride sharing operations will initially be concentrated in a small number of urban areas, which makes our business particularly susceptible to natural disasters, outbreaks and pandemics, economic, social, weather, growth constraints and regulatory conditions or other circumstances affecting these metropolitan areas.

We expect to initially launch our aerial ride sharing offering in limited jurisdictions subject to receipt of the necessary operating approvals.

Accordingly, our business and results of operations are particularly susceptible to adverse economic, regulatory, political, weather and other conditions in other markets that may become similarly concentrated.

As a result of our geographic concentration, our business and financial results relating to our aerial ride sharing operations will be particularly susceptible to natural disasters, outbreaks and pandemics, economic, social, weather, growth constraints and regulatory conditions or other circumstances in each of these metropolitan areas.

In addition, any changes to local laws or regulations within these key urban areas that affect our ability to operate or increase our operating expenses in these markets would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Disruption of operations at the locations where our vertiport facilities are expected to initially be located, whether caused by labor relations, utility or communications issues or fuel shortages, could harm our business.

Certain locations may regulate flight operations, such as limiting the number of landings per year, which could reduce our aerial ride sharing operations.

Bans on eVTOL operations or the introduction of any new permitting requirements would significantly disrupt our operations.

In addition, demand for our Archer UAM services could be impacted if drop-offs or pick-ups of fliers become inconvenient because of vertiport rules or regulations, or more expensive for fliers because of vertiport-imposed fees, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We expect concentration in large metropolitan areas and heavily trafficked airports also makes our business susceptible to an outbreak of a contagious disease, such as the Ebola virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, H1N1 influenza virus, avian flu, Zika virus, COVID-19 or any other similar illness, both due to the risk of a contagious disease affecting the urban area through the high volume of travelers flying into and out of such areas and the ease at which contagious diseases can spread through densely populated areas, as seen with the spread of COVID-19 in Los Angeles, California and New York, New York.

Major urban areas, including those in which we expect to operate, are also at risk of terrorist attacks, actual or threatened acts of war, political disruptions and other disruptions.

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management will be required to report upon the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

When we lose our status as an “emerging growth company” and become an “accelerated filer” or a “large accelerated filer,” our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

The rules governing the standards that must be met for management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing, and possible remediation.

To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging.

In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting.

This process will be time-consuming, costly, and complicated.

We have experienced control deficiencies, including the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described elsewhere in this Annual Report, and may experience other control deficiencies in the future.

Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition, operating results, or cash flows.

If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or if we are unable to remediate our existing material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the NYSE, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities.

Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets.

Regardless, changes in accounting standards and estimates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

Generally accepted accounting principles and the related authoritative guidance for many aspects of our business, including revenue recognition, inventories, warranties, leases, income taxes, expected credit losses, fair-value measurements, and stock-based compensation, are complex and involve subjective judgments.

Changes in these rules or changes in the underlying estimates, assumptions or judgments by our management could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and may retroactively affect previously reported results.

We are an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance to the performance of other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”).

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”).

As such, we are eligible for and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, including, but not limited to, (a) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (b) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and (c) exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important.

filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three year period.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following October 30, 2025, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three year period.

We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions.

If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our

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reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards.

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Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware, which may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that (i) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (2) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of ours or any stockholder of ours to us or our stockholders, (3) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees or any stockholder arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, (4) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws (or any right, obligation or remedy thereunder), (5) any action or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, and (6) any action asserting a claim against us or any director, officer or other employee of ours or any stockholder, governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants, and (ii) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

holding, owning or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this forum selection provision.

This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims, although such stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that (i) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (2) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of ours or any stockholder of ours to us or our stockholders, (3) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees or any stockholder arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, (4) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws (or any right, obligation or remedy thereunder), (5) any action or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, and (6) any action asserting a claim against us or any director, officer or other employee of ours or any stockholder, governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants, and (ii) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Any person holding, owning or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this forum selection provision.

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respect to such claims, although such stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

However, there is no assurance that a court would enforce the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

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See Note 13 - Liability Classified Warrants to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, for additional information about our public and private warrants that were originally issued by Atlas.

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40 provides for the remeasurement of the fair value of such derivatives at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value being recognized in earnings in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly based on factors which are outside of our control.

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If our circumstances change or if actual circumstances differ from our assumptions, our operating results may be adversely affected and could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Securities

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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

The price of our Class A common stock and warrants may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.

The price of our Class A common stock and warrants may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:

• changes in macroeconomic or market conditions or trends in our industry or markets, such as inflation, recessions, the continued rise in interest rates, ongoing supply chain shortages, local and national elections, international currency fluctuations, political instability and acts of war, such as the current situation with Ukraine and Russia, or terrorism;

• results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

• results of operations that vary from those of our competitors;

• the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on our business and financial conditions;

• changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;

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• any significant change in our management;

• changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in our industry or markets, such as inflation, recessions, interest rates, local and national elections, international currency fluctuations, corruption, political instability and acts of war, such as the current situation with Ukraine and Russia, or terrorism;

• changes in business or regulatory conditions, including new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

• future sales of our Class A common stock or other securities;

• future sales of our Class A common stock or other equity or debt securities;

• investor perceptions or the investment opportunity associated with our Class A common stock relative to other investment alternatives;

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• guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance;

• the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our stock;

• the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our securities;

• actions by institutional or activist stockholders;

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In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Class A common stock is low.

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In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation.

If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.

The dual-class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting power with our co-Chief Executive Officers and co-founders, which limits an investor’s ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.

The dual-class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting power with certain shareholders of our Class B common stock, which could limit other shareholders’ ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.

Shares of our Class B common stock have ten votes per share, while shares of our Class A common stock have one vote per share.

Brett Adcock and Adam Goldstein, our co-founders, co-Chairmen of our board of directors and co-Chief Executive Officers, hold a substantial majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Class B common stock and, as a result, a substantial majority of the voting power of our capital stock on an outstanding basis and are able to control matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transactions.

Adcock and Goldstein may have interests that differ from other stockholders and may vote in a way which may be adverse to other stockholders or with which our other stockholders may disagree.

This concentrated control may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their capital stock as part of a sale, and might ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Adam Goldstein and Brett Adcock, our founders, as well as certain other shareholders hold the issued and outstanding shares of our Class B common stock.

These shares represent a substantial majority of the voting power of our capital stock on an outstanding basis and if voted together are able to control matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transactions for so long as the shares of Class B common stock represent at least 9.1% of all outstanding shares of our capital stock.

These holders may have interests that differ from other shareholders and may vote in a way which may be adverse to other shareholders or with which our other shareholders may disagree.

This concentrated control may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control, could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their capital stock as part of a sale, and might ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

We cannot predict the impact that our dual-class structure may have on the stock price of our Class A common stock.

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In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to be unable to obtain future financing on favorable terms or at all.

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There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of the NYSE.

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• a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our Class A common stock and public warrants are listed on the NYSE, our Class A common stock and public warrants qualify as covered securities.

Although states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud.

If there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case.

Further, if we were no longer listed on the NYSE, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

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These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.

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All shares issued in the Business Combination that were registered on our registration statement on Form S-4, which was declared effective on August 11, 2021, are freely tradable without restriction by persons other than our “affiliates,” (as defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act (“Rule 144”)), including our directors, executive officers and other affiliates.

Atlas Crest Investment LLC (“Sponsor”) and certain substantial holders of Legacy Archer’s common stock (determined on an as-converted basis) (the “Investors”) have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to transfer or dispose of our common stock during the period from the date of the closing of the Business Combination through the earlier of (i) March 15, 2022, (ii) the date that the closing price of our Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 for 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period following the 90th day following the Business Combination and (iii) the consummation of a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of our stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of our Class A common stock for cash, securities or other property.

Upon the expiration or waiver of the lock-ups, shares held by the Investors and certain other holders of our Class A common stock will be eligible for resale, subject to volume, manner of sale and other limitations under Rule 144, when such rule becomes applicable to us.

Additionally, our registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders named therein of up to 166,605,041 shares of Class A common stock, was declared effective by the SEC on October 26, 2021.

In addition, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, the Investors and certain other stockholders will have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register the sale of their shares of our Class A common stock under the Securities Act.

By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of shares in reliance on the registration statement on Form S-1, these stockholders could cause the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

Following closing of the Business Combination, 198,552,323 shares of Class A common stock and up to 18,024,399 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants are covered by such registration rights.

Additionally, our registration statement on Form S-3 relating to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders named therein of up to 110,742,480 shares of Class A common stock, was declared effective by the SEC on November 15, 2022.

In addition, pursuant to two separate registration rights agreements, certain substantial holders of Legacy Archer’s common stock and Stellantis N.V., respectively, will have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register their shares of our Class A common stock for resale under the Securities Act.

By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of shares in reliance on the registration statements, these stockholders could cause the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

As restrictions on resale end or if these stockholders exercise their registration rights, the market price of our Class A common stock could drop significantly if the holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.

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Each warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one (1) share of our Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per whole share, subject to adjustment.

Warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of our Class A common stock.

Moreover, as of December 31, 2022, we have additional 8,736,599 outstanding warrants issued to certain parties, 5,159,618 of which remain subject to vesting conditions.

These warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of our Class A common stock.

To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional shares of our Class A common stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the then existing holders of our Class A common stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market.

In addition, the shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions relating to various vesting agreements, lock-up agreements and, in some cases, limitations on volume and manner of sale applicable to affiliates under Rule 144, as applicable.

We filed a registration statement on Form S-8, which became effective on December 8, 2021, to register shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock issued pursuant to our equity incentive plans.

We expect to file additional registration statements on Form S-8 in the future to register additional shares reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans, and Form S-8 registration statement automatically becomes effective upon filing.

In addition, the shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions relating to various vesting agreements and, in some cases, limitations on volume and manner of sale applicable to affiliates under Rule 144, as applicable.

We have filed registration statements on Form S-8 to register shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock issued pursuant to our equity incentive plans.

Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statements will be available for sale in the open market.

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• advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings;

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• certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;

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These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.

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Unresolved Staff Comments

We currently lease our headquarters in San Jose, California.

We also lease additional offices and research and development facilities in Palo Alto and Mountain View, California and flight test facilities at Salinas Municipal Airport in Salinas, California.

We believe our existing leased facilities are in good condition and suitable for the conduct of our business.

Legal Proceedings

For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1A. Risk Factors