Absci Corp 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) 92 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 93 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 94 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 95 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 96 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 97 91 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Absci Corporation Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Absci Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021 Seattle, Washington March 21, 2024 92 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, December 31, (In thousands, except for share and per share data) 2023 2022 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 72,362 $ 59,955 Restricted cash 16,193 15,023 Short-term investments 25,297 104,476 Receivables under development arrangements, net 2,189 1,550 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 4,537 5,859 Total current assets 120,578 186,863 Operating lease right-of-use assets 4,490 5,319 Property and equipment, net 41,328 52,723 Intangibles, net 48,253 51,622 Goodwill — 21,335 Restricted cash, long-term 1,112 1,864 Other long-term assets 1,537 1,282 TOTAL ASSETS $ 217,298 $ 321,008 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 1,503 $ 2,412 Accrued expenses 19,303 20,481 Long-term debt 3,258 2,946 Operating lease obligations 1,679 1,690 Financing lease obligations 641 2,296 Deferred revenue 3,174 445 Total current liabilities 29,558 30,270 Long-term debt, net of current portion 4,660 7,984 Operating lease obligations, net of current portion 5,643 7,317 Finance lease obligations, net of current portion 76 750 Deferred tax liability, net 186 238 Deferred revenue, long-term 966 — Other long-term liabilities 33 35 TOTAL LIABILITIES 41,122 46,594 Commitments (See Note 9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding — — Common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 93,087,675 and 92,411,103 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively 9 9 Additional paid-in capital 582,699 570,454 Accumulated deficit ( 406,495 ) ( 295,929 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 37 ) ( 120 ) TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 176,176 274,414 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 217,298 $ 321,008 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 93 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS For the Years Ended December 31, (In thousands, except for share and per share data) 2023 2022 Revenues Technology development revenue $ 5,718 $ 4,529 Collaboration revenue — 1,218 Total revenues 5,718 5,747 Operating expenses Research and development 48,067 58,908 Selling, general and administrative 37,832 40,552 Depreciation and amortization 13,999 13,037 Goodwill impairment 21,335 — Total operating expenses 121,233 112,497 Operating loss ( 115,515 ) ( 106,750 ) Other income (expense) Interest expense ( 1,010 ) ( 972 ) Other income, net 6,059 2,357 Total other income, net 5,049 1,385 Loss before income taxes ( 110,466 ) ( 105,365 ) Income tax (expense) benefit ( 100 ) 461 Net loss $ ( 110,566 ) $ ( 104,904 ) Net loss per share: Basic and diluted $ ( 1.20 ) $ ( 1.15 ) Weighted-average common shares outstanding: Basic and diluted 92,028,016 90,845,629 Comprehensive loss: Net loss $ ( 110,566 ) $ ( 104,904 ) Foreign currency translation adjustments 40 ( 66 ) Unrealized gain on investments 43 ( 41 ) Comprehensive loss $ ( 110,483 ) $ ( 105,011 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 94 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In thousands, except for share and per share data) Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Amount Balances - December 31, 2021 92,648,036 $ 9 $ 557,136 $ ( 191,025 ) $ ( 13 ) $ 366,107 Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments 552,913 — 656 — — 656 Stock-based compensation — — 12,662 — — 12,662 Forfeiture of common stock ( 789,846 ) — — — — — Foreign currency translation adjustments — — — — ( 66 ) ( 66 ) Unrealized loss on investments — — — — ( 41 ) ( 41 ) Net loss — — — ( 104,904 ) — ( 104,904 ) Balances - December 31, 2022 92,411,103 9 570,454 ( 295,929 ) ( 120 ) 274,414 Issuance of shares under stock plans, net of shares withheld for tax payments 777,602 — 862 — — 862 Stock-based compensation — — 11,383 — — 11,383 Forfeiture of common stock ( 101,030 ) — — — — — Foreign currency translation adjustments — — — — 40 40 Unrealized gain on investments — — — — 43 43 Net loss — — — ( 110,566 ) — ( 110,566 ) Balances - December 31, 2023 93,087,675 $ 9 $ 582,699 $ ( 406,495 ) $ ( 37 ) $ 176,176 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 95 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the Years Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2023 2022 Cash Flows From Operating Activities Net loss ( 110,566 ) ( 104,904 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 13,999 13,037 Deferred income taxes ( 52 ) ( 505 ) Stock-based compensation 11,416 12,540 Goodwill impairment 21,335 — Accretion of discount on short-term investments ( 2,671 ) ( 688 ) Other 386 721 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Receivables under development arrangements ( 666 ) ( 148 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,598 2,382 Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities ( 856 ) ( 640 ) Other long-term assets ( 255 ) 13 Accounts payable ( 786 ) ( 533 ) Accrued expenses and other liabilities ( 1,213 ) ( 1,707 ) Deferred revenue 3,695 ( 907 ) Net cash used in operating activities ( 64,636 ) ( 81,339 ) Cash Flows From Investing Activities Purchases of property and equipment ( 860 ) ( 16,175 ) Acquisitions, net of cash acquired — ( 8,000 ) Investment in short-term investments ( 147,347 ) ( 108,590 ) Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments 229,897 5,000 Proceeds from sales of property and equipment 254 133 Proceeds from property insurance settlements — 650 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 81,944 ( 126,982 ) Cash Flows From Financing Activities Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt — 12,031 Principal payments on long-term debt ( 3,012 ) ( 4,651 ) Principal payments on finance lease obligations ( 2,333 ) ( 2,799 ) Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 862 656 Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities ( 4,483 ) 5,237 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 12,825 ( 203,084 ) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - Beginning of year 76,842 279,926 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - End of period $ 89,667 $ 76,842 Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information Cash paid during the period for interest $ 970 $ 895 Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligation — 111 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities 2,361 2,299 Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable — 123 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 96 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Organization and nature of operations Absci Corporation (the “Company”) is a data-first generative AI drug creation company that combines AI with scalable wet lab technologies to create better biologics for patients, faster. Absci leverages its integrated drug creation platform (the “Integrated Drug Creation Platform”) to improve upon traditional biologic drug discovery by using AI to simultaneously optimize multiple drug characteristics important to development and therapeutic benefit. The Company was organized in the State of Oregon in August 2011 as a limited liability company and converted to a limited liability company (“LLC”) in Delaware in April 2016. In October 2020, the Company converted from a Delaware LLC to a Delaware corporation. The Company’s headquarters are located in Vancouver, Washington. 2. Summary of significant accounting policies Basis of presentation The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with US GAAP as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and entities under its control. The Company has eliminated all intercompany transactions and accounts. Certain amounts in prior years' financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition including estimated timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations, the fair value of stock-based compensation awards, quantitative impairment evaluations of goodwill and recoverability of long-lived assets, and the fair value of contingent consideration. The Company bases its estimates on historical experiences, and other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Segment information The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources, making operating decisions and evaluating performance. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits with commercial banks in checking and interest-bearing accounts, highly liquid money market funds, and U.S. Treasury securities. Restricted cash represents amounts pledged as collateral for future property lease payments via standby letters of credit (see Note 9: Commitments and contingencies) and amounts held in escrow related to acquisitions by the Company (see Note 11: Fair value measurements). Investments The Company’s short-term investments may include funds invested in highly liquid money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities and corporate debt securities with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than three months but less than one year. These investments are classified as available-for-sale debt securities, which are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets. If the estimated fair value of a debt security is below its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value and whether credit losses exist for the related securities. A credit loss exists if the present value of expected cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis of the security. Credit-related losses are recognized as an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to 97 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS earnings. Unrealized gains and losses that are unrelated to credit deterioration are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized as interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Realized gains and losses, and declines in fair value deemed to be other than temporary, are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company uses the specific identification method to compute realized gains and losses on investments. Receivables under development arrangements and allowances for credit losses Receivables under development arrangements consist of amounts due from partners for services performed, net of estimates for credit allowance. The Company reviews accounts receivable for credit impairment and regularly analyzes the status of significant past due receivables to determine if any will potentially be uncollectible to estimate the amount of allowance necessary to reduce accounts receivable to its estimated net realizable value. Credit losses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. See contract asset discussion in Note 3: Revenue recognition regarding unbilled receivables. Fair value of financial instruments Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under US GAAP. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their related fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company measures certain financial assets at fair value on a recurring basis, including available-for-sale debt securities, which are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets. None of the Company’s non-financial assets or liabilities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. There are significant judgments and estimates inherent in the determination of the fair value of certain liabilities. If the Company had made different assumptions including, among others, those related to the timing and probability of various corporate scenarios, net loss and net loss per common share could have been significantly different. Concentration risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and receivables under development arrangements. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in bank accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on these accounts. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, two partners represented approximately 89 % and three partners represented approximately 98 % of technology development revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, one partner represented approximately 91 % of total receivables under technology development arrangements. As of December 31, 2022, two partners represented approximately 100 % of total receivables under technology development arrangements. Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions and improvements to property and equipment are capitalized. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets, which vary from 3 to 7 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the assets. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from their respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is reported as operating expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. 98 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Assets held for sale The Company classifies its long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale in the period the following conditions are met: (i) management has approved and committed to a plan to sell; (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition; (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to sell the asset have been initiated; (iv) it is probable that a sale will occur within one year; (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a reasonable price in relation to its current fair value; and (vi) there is a low likelihood of significant changes to the plan or that the plan will be withdrawn. If all of the criteria are met as of the balance sheet date, the assets are presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets as held for sale. The Company initially measures a long-lived asset that is classified as held for sale at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met as an asset impairment charge on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Any gains are not recognized until date of sale. The assets are no longer depreciated nor amortized while classified as held for sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset, less any costs to sell, at each reporting period and until the asset is no longer classified as held for sale. Impairment of long-lived assets Management reviews long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amount to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these estimated cash flows were less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss would be recognized in order to write down the asset to its estimated fair value and reported as operating expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Goodwill Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis as of October 1, or more frequently if an indicator of impairment is present. As part of the impairment evaluation, the Company may elect to perform an assessment of qualitative factors. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit that includes the goodwill is less than its carrying value, then a quantitative impairment test would be prepared to compare this fair value to the carrying value and record an impairment charge if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The Company performed a quantitative impairment evaluation of goodwill as of June 30, 2023 and recorded a full impairment charge in the amount of $ 21.3 million on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenue as control of its products and services are transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those products and services. This process involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once control of a good or service has been transferred to the customer, meaning the customer has the ability to use and obtain the benefit of the good or service. Technology development revenue includes revenue associated to the drug creation phases of drug creation agreements. The Company refers to its customers as “partners” when describing their relationship in an agreement. Technology development revenue The Company’s drug creation agreements generally include multiple stages of drug creation that combined represent a single performance obligation. These agreements may include options for additional goods and services such as readying the technology to transfer to the partner and licensing terms. The transaction prices for these arrangements include fixed and variable consideration for the single performance obligation as well as variable consideration for success-based achievements. Any variable consideration is constrained to the 99 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur. Primarily all of the Company’s contracts with its partners include an enforceable right to payment. While there is no alternative use to the Company for the asset created, the agreement’s terms vary as to whether an enforceable right to payment exists for performance completed as of that date. The Company measures progress toward the completion of the performance obligations satisfied over time using an input method based on an overall estimate of the effort incurred to date at each reporting period to satisfy a performance obligation. This method provides an appropriate depiction of completed progress toward fulfilling its performance obligations for each respective arrangement. In certain drug creation agreements that require a portion of the contract consideration to be received in advance at the commencement of the contract, such advance payment is initially recorded as a contract liability. Contract assets are included in receivables under development arrangements on the consolidated balance sheets. Collaboration agreements The Company analyzes its drug creation agreements to assess whether such arrangements involve joint operating activities performed by parties that are both active participants in the activities and that are exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of such activities. Payments to and from the Company’s collaborators are presented within research and development expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company did not have payments related to such agreements during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability accounts are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are currently in effect. Valuation allowances are established where necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company files income tax returns in federal, state and various foreign tax jurisdictions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of tax expense. The Company did not record any interest or penalties related to income tax during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Research and development expenses Research and development expenses include the cost of materials, personnel-related costs (comprised of salaries, benefits and share-based compensation) for personnel performing research and development functions, consulting fees, equipment and allocated facility costs (including occupancy and information technology). These expenses are exclusive of depreciation and amortization. Research and development activities consist of continued development of the Company’s Integrated Drug Creation Platform, internal asset pipeline programs, and partnered drug creation programs. The Company derives improvements to its platform from each type of activity. Research and development efforts apply to the Company’s platform broadly and across programs. Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation includes compensation expense for incentive units, restricted stock, and stock option grants to employees and is measured on the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of options to purchase common stock are measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. When determining the grant date fair value of stock-based awards, management considers whether an adjustment is required to the observable market price or volatility of the Company’s common stock that is used in the valuation as a result of material non-public information. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. 100 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Net Loss Per Share Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. The Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, therefore basic net loss per share and diluted net loss per share are the same for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common securities outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Recent accounting pronouncements In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses on an interim and annual basis. All disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-07 are required for entities with a single reportable segment. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and is currently evaluating the effect of adopting the ASU on its disclosures. In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires that an entity disclose specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Further, the ASU requires certain disclosures of state versus federal income tax expense and taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company does not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and is currently evaluating the effect of adopting the ASU on its disclosures. 3. Revenue recognition Contract balances Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from revenue recognition timing and the Company records a contract asset when it has an unconditional right to consideration. As of December 31, 2023 there were no contract assets. As of December 31, 2022, contract assets were $ 1.1 million Contract assets are included in receivables under development arrangements on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities are recorded in deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, contract liabilities were $ 4.1 million and $ 0.4 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 , the Company recognized $ 0.4 million and $ 1.4 million, respectively, as revenue that had been included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period. Collaboration revenue In December 2019, the Company executed a four-year Joint Marketing Agreement (“JMA”) with KBI BioPharma, Inc. (“KBI”) to co-promote technologies through joint marketing efforts. In September 2021, the JMA was amended to shorten the term to approximately three years, ending in October 2022. 4. Investments Cash equivalents, marketable securities and deposits are classified as available-for-sale and are, therefore, recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, with any unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, until realized. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. 101 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The amortized cost and fair value of investments are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2023 Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair market value Assets Money market funds $ 1,158 $ — $ — $ 1,158 U.S. treasury bills 39,332 2 — 39,334 Total $ 40,490 $ 2 $ — $ 40,492 Classified as: Cash equivalents $ 15,195 Short-term investments 25,297 Total $ 40,492 December 31, 2022 Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair market value Assets Money market funds $ 5,050 $ — $ — $ 5,050 Certificates of deposit 27,740 — — 27,740 U.S. treasury bills 76,777 2 ( 43 ) 76,736 Total $ 109,567 $ 2 $ ( 43 ) $ 109,526 Classified as: Cash equivalents $ 5,050 Short-term investments 104,476 Total $ 109,526 Investments held as of December 31, 2023 have a remaining maturity of less than one year. Proceeds from maturities of available for sale securities were $ 241.6 million and $ 85.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 , respectively. There were no realized gains and losses on securities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 . Unrealized gains and losses on securities were primarily due to changes in interest rates. 5. Property and equipment, net Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Construction in progress $ — $ 293 Lab Equipment 32,098 34,168 Software 171 298 Furniture, Fixtures and Other 6,001 6,307 Leasehold Improvements 27,049 26,860 Total Cost 65,319 67,926 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization ( 23,991 ) ( 15,203 ) Property and equipment, net $ 41,328 $ 52,723 102 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Depreciation expense was $ 10.6 million and $ 9.7 million for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 , respectively. For details regarding the interim impairment assessment performed for long-lived assets see Note 6: Goodwill and intangibles, net. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company committed to a plan to actively sell specific assets within its entity wide asset group, primarily laboratory equipment located at its Vancouver headquarters. For the lab equipment that met all of the prescribed criteria required to classify it as held for sale, the Company determined the carrying value exceeded the fair value less costs to sell each asset, which resulted in a write down of $ 0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, presented within research and development expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2023, $ 0.3 million of lab equipment is classified as current assets held for sale within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet as the disposal is expected to be consummated within one year of the balance sheet date. 6. Goodwill and intangibles, net Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter, or sooner if an indicator of impairment exists. The Company may elect to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of goodwill at the reporting unit level is less than the carrying amount. The qualitative assessment includes consideration of relevant events and circumstances that would affect the Company’s single reporting unit, including macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance, and trends in the market price of the Company’s common stock. During the second quarter, the Company performed an interim qualitative impairment assessment of goodwill as of June 30, 2023 and concluded that the duration and extent of the sustained decline in the Company’s stock price and resulting market capitalization below cash and short-term investments for a period of time within the three months ended June 30, 2023 were indicators of impairment that triggered a quantitative assessment. The Company performed a quantitative impairment evaluation of goodwill as of June 30, 2023 utilizing both income and market approaches. The income approach utilized the estimated discounted cash flows for the single reporting unit while the market approach utilized comparable company information. The fair value of equity was derived using a discount rate commensurate with the related risk and an estimate of a control premium applied to the Company’s implied enterprise value. The discounted cash flow method requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internally developed forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for the business, and determination of weighted average cost of capital. The models used to estimate the fair value of the single reporting unit are reflective of significant assumptions, including the following: • Forecasted revenues from current and future programs; • Probability of the Company’s partners electing licensing options for clinical development, clinical success, and obtaining regulatory approval; • Forecasted research and development and general and administrative expenses to sustain forecasted program growth which are reflective of efficiencies gained as the business and platform evolve; • A discount rate reflecting the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and specific entity risk; and • A control premium based upon recently observed transactions in technology platform-based companies in the life science industry. 103 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The estimates and assumptions used to determine fair value include determinations that are categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to use of internal projections and unobservable measurement inputs. The assumptions used in the Company’s impairment analysis are inherently subject to uncertainty and the Company notes that small changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the concluded value. In order to further validate the reasonableness of the fair value concluded for the reporting unit, a reconciliation to market capitalization was performed by estimating a reasonable implied control premium and other market factors. The control premium was estimated based upon control premiums observed in recent comparable market transactions. The Company reconciled the estimated fair value of the reporting unit utilizing the market capitalization based on the stock price as of June 30, 2023. The Company concluded the fair value of the single reporting unit was less than its carrying value and that the Company’s recorded goodwill was fully impaired as of June 30, 2023. The Company recognized a non-cash, pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $ 21.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 reported as goodwill impairment on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. In conjunction with, and in advance of, the interim test of goodwill of the single reporting unit, the Company also performed an interim qualitative impairment assessment of long-lived assets as of June 30, 2023 which indicated that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets might not be recoverable. To test these long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company compared the estimated future cash flows (on an undiscounted basis) to be generated from the use and residual value of the entity-wide asset group to its carrying value and concluded that the long-lived assets were not impaired as of June 30, 2023. The Company’s annual qualitative assessment determined that a quantitative analysis was not necessary. It is reasonably possible that changes in future operating results, cash flows, or market capitalization, as well as future changes related to the asset group may result in the need to write down the asset group to fair value. The Company will continue to monitor for events occurring or circumstances changing which may suggest that long-lived assets should be reevaluated. Intangible assets are as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Gross Assets Accumulated Amortization Net Gross Assets Accumulated Amortization Net AI Engine 2,507 ( 1,477 ) 1,030 2,507 ( 975 ) 1,532 Monoclonal antibody library 46,300 ( 5,955 ) 40,345 46,300 ( 3,640 ) 42,660 Developed software platform and the related methods patents 8,300 ( 1,422 ) 6,878 8,300 ( 870 ) 7,430 Intangible assets, net $ 57,107 $ ( 8,854 ) $ 48,253 $ 57,107 $ ( 5,485 ) $ 51,622 Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $ 3.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and is reflected within depreciation and amortization expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Future amortization expense for the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 is estimated as follows (in thousands): Years Ending December 31: 2024 $ 3,370 2025 3,370 2026 2,897 2027 2,868 2028 2,868 104 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 7. Long-term debt and other borrowings Equipment financing In 2022, the Company received a total of $ 12.0 million of proceeds from equipment financing arrangements. Terms of the agreements require monthly payments over 42 - 48 month maturities with imputed interest rates ranging from 8 %- 10 %. All outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest are due and payable at maturity. These loans are secured by certain tangible assets of the Company, include certain financial covenants, and contain subjective acceleration clauses that allow for outstanding amounts under the agreement to become immediately due in the event of a material adverse change in the Company's business condition or change in control. The Company was in compliance with all applicable financial covenants as of December 31, 2023. The carrying amount of the long-term debt approximates fair value. Future undiscounted payments for the Company’s financing liabilities as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands): Years ending December 31: 2024 $ 3,799 2025 3,396 2026 1,575 Total future payments 8,770 Less: Imputed interest ( 852 ) Total long-term debt $ 7,918 8. Leases Facility leases The Company leases its corporate headquarters and primary research and development facility located in Vancouver, Washington in a 77,974 square foot facility that includes general administrative office and laboratory space. The corporate headquarters lease commenced in December 2020 and ends in April 2028, with an option to renew the lease for an additional five-year term, at then-current market rates. As part of the lease agreement, the lessor provided tenant incentives in the amount of $ 3.1 million. The Company has a one-time option to terminate the lease after five years . The Company moved from its former office and laboratory facility during the second quarter of 2021, for which the Company’s lease continues through August 2024. The Company determined it would no longer utilize the space and during the year ended December 31, 2022 the Company recognized $ 0.4 million in impairment expense of certain operating lease right-of-use assets and related leasehold improvements resulting from the discontinued use. For each of the Company’s facility lease agreements, the Company is responsible for taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Operating lease cost 1,712 1,626 Variable lease cost 484 434 Short-term lease cost 497 489 $ 2,693 $ 2,549 105 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Equipment leases The Company leases certain laboratory equipment under finance leases. Property and equipment includes approximately $ 4.3 million and $ 7.0 million of assets under finance leases as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accumulated depreciation related to assets under finance leases was approximately $ 3.0 million and $ 3.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Future undiscounted lease payments for the Company’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands): Operating leases Finance leases 2024 $ 2,202 $ 665 2025 1,873 82 2026 1,929 — 2027 1,987 — 2028 672 — Thereafter — — Total future lease payments 8,663 747 Less: Imputed interest ( 1,341 ) ( 30 ) Present value of lease liabilities $ 7,322 $ 717 Additional information related to the Company’s leases is as follows: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) Operating leases 4.1 4.9 Finance leases 0.9 1.6 Weighted average discount rate Operating leases 8 % 8 % Finance leases 8 % 8 % 9. Commitments and contingencies As of December 31, 2023, future lease payments are secured by irrevocable standby letters of credit totaling $ 1.9 million. The irrevocable standby letters of credit are expected to be pledged for the full lease terms which extend through 2024 and 2028 for each of the Company’s facility leases. The Company is not currently party to any material claims or legal proceedings. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss or a potential range of loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. 10. Stock-based compensation The Company grants stock options, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) under the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) as awards to incentivize employee service. On January 1, 2023, the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan was increased by 4,620,555 shares pursuant to an automatic annual increase. As of December 31, 2023, 5,082,189 shares were available for future grants under the 2021 Plan. On December 5, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an inducement equity incentive plan (the “2023 Inducement Plan”) effective January 1, 2024. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2023 Inducement Plan is 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. 106 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Total stock-based compensation expense related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands): For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Research and development $ 4,604 $ 4,734 Selling, general and administrative 6,850 7,924 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 11,454 $ 12,658 Stock options Stock options generally vest 25 % after one year from the date of the grant with the remainder vesting monthly over the following three-year period. Certain options have alternative vesting schedules including ratably over 1 - 4 years and immediate vesting. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for stock options is shown below: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands $) Outstanding at December 31, 2022 11,429,399 $ 4.49 8.4 $ 2,949 Granted 10,961,227 1.98 Exercised ( 556,428 ) 1.10 373 Canceled/Forfeited ( 3,955,829 ) 3.99 Expired ( 773,864 ) 6.17 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 17,104,505 3.03 8.3 $ 30,661 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 4,710,013 $ 3.97 6.4 $ 7,112 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2023 17,104,505 $ 3.03 8.3 $ 30,661 The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2023 was calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price of $ 4.20 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 1.38 and $ 3.18 , respectively, per share. The aggregate grant date fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 10.2 million and $ 9.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to stock options was $ 20.2 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 2.7 years. Determination of fair value The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following assumptions: For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Expected term (in years) 5.2 - 6.1 5.5 - 6.1 Volatility 79 %- 81 % 63 %- 65 % Risk-free interest rate 3.4 %- 4.7 % 1.6 %- 4.2 % Dividend Yield — % — % 107 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The fair value of each stock option was determined by the Company using the methods and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment and estimation by management. Expected Term—The expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company’s stock options have a 10 years contractual term. The Company’s historical option exercise data is limited and did not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate an expected term. The expected term for options was derived by using the simplified method which uses the midpoint between the average vesting term and the contractual expiration period of the stock-based award. Expected Volatility—As the Company does not have sufficient trading history for its common stock, the expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of comparable peer public companies within the Company’s industry. These companies are considered to be comparable to the Company’s business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock-based awards. Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the stock options’ expected term. Expected Dividend Rate—The expected dividend is zero as the Company has not paid nor does it anticipate paying any dividends on its common stock underlying its stock options in the foreseeable future. The Company estimated the fair value of its common stock underlying the stock-based awards when performing fair value calculations using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Restricted stock Prior to the IPO, the Company issued shares of restricted stock. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are subject to the Company’s right of repurchase or forfeiture. In connection with its acquisitions of Denovium, Inc. and Totient, Inc., the Company issued restricted shares of common stock that vest over time subject to continued service. Activity for restricted shares is shown below: Number of shares Unvested as of December 31, 2022 1,013,308 Forfeitures ( 101,030 ) Vested ( 538,070 ) Unvested as of December 31, 2023 374,208 As of December 31, 2023, there was $ 0.8 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding shares of restricted shares expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.1 years. Restricted stock units generally vest ratably over a term of 1 - 4 years. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for restricted stock units is shown below: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2022 36,129 $ 8.27 Granted 2,251,561 1.38 Vested ( 21,661 ) 4.26 Forfeitures ( 67,695 ) 2.86 Unvested as of December 31, 2023 2,198,334 $ 1.42 108 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 1.38 and $ 8.27 per share, respectively. The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 0.1 million and $ 0.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there was $ 2.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding shares of restricted stock units expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.7 years. Fair value of restricted stock units is calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on date of grant. Stock appreciation rights In January 2021, the Company issued SARs that are contingent upon a liquidity event that is not probable of occurrence; accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized for these awards. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 394,736 SARs outstanding as of December 31, 2023 is $ 1.7 million based on the Company’s closing stock price of $ 4.20 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date. Under the Company’s 2020 Stock Option and Grant Plan and 2021 Plan, the Company has also granted a limited quantity of cash-settled SARs to certain employees and consultants based outside the United States. As of December 31, 2023, 192,617 of these SARs were outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $ 4.36 per share. The fair value is remeasured at the end of each reporting period based on the Company’s stock price, with remeasurements reflected as an adjustment to compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for such period. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had recognized a less than $ 0.1 million liability for SARs classified within other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no liability for SARs. Employee stock purchase plan In July 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2021 ESPP”), which was subsequently approved by the Company’s stockholders and became effective in connection with the Company’s initial public offering. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15 % of their regular compensation at a discount of 85 % of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first day or last day, whichever is less, of the applicable offering period, subject to any plan limitations. A total of 903,750 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2021 ESPP. On January 1, 2023, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 ESPP was increased by 924,111 shares pursuant to an automatic annual increase. As of December 31, 2023, 1,625,609 shares were available for future purchases under the 2021 ESPP. 11. Fair value measurements The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has defined fair value to establish a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets. Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. When quoted market prices are available in active markets, the fair value of assets and liabilities is estimated within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. 109 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS If quoted prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of assets and liabilities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows, within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, the fair values are estimated by using inputs within Level 3 of the hierarchy. The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Debt Securities: Money market funds $ 1,158 $ — $ — $ 1,158 U.S. treasury bills 15,929 23,405 — 39,334 Total assets $ 17,087 $ 23,405 $ — $ 40,492 Liabilities: Contingent consideration $ — $ — $ 12,750 $ 12,750 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 12,750 $ 12,750 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets Debt Securities: Money market funds $ 5,050 $ — $ — $ 5,050 Certificates of deposit 27,740 — — 27,740 U.S. treasury bills 6,860 69,876 — 76,736 Total assets $ 39,650 $ 69,876 $ — $ 109,526 Liabilities: Contingent consideration $ — $ — $ 12,750 $ 12,750 Total liabilities $ — $ — $ 12,750 $ 12,750 The following table provides reconciliation for all liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands): Contingent consideration Total liabilities Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 12,750 $ 12,750 Change in fair value during 2023 — — Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 12,750 $ 12,750 The Company reviews trading activity and pricing for its available-for-sale securities as of the measurement date. The contingent consideration liability is related to the acquisition of Totient, Inc. and is included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value estimate is based on a probability-weighted approach. Changes in fair value of the contingent consideration liability are included within research and development expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. The contingent consideration of $ 15.0 million held in escrow shall be paid upon the achievement of the milestone of either entering into agreements 110 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS meeting certain financial criteria with third parties using, or relating to, Totient technology or the first commercial sale of a Totient product. The contingent consideration held in escrow is included in restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. See Note 2: Summary of significant accounting policies, Note 5: Property and equipment, net , and Note 6: Goodwill and intangibles, net of these notes to our consolidated financial statements for fair value measurements of certain assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These include the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, and goodwill and other long-lived assets when they are held for sale or determined to be impaired. There are significant judgments, assumptions and estimates inherent in the determination of the fair value of each of the instruments described above. In the future, depending on the valuation approaches used and the expected timing and weighting of each, the inputs described above, or other inputs, may have a greater or lesser impact on the Company’s estimates of fair value. 12. Employee benefit plan The Company sponsors a 401(k) tax-deferred savings plan for all U.S. employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. Participants may contribute, on a pre-tax or post-tax basis, a percentage of their annual compensation, not to exceed a maximum contribution amount pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company match is 100 % of the employees’ first contribution of 3 %, plus 50 % of the next 2 % of eligible compensation contributed by the employee, up to a maximum Company match of 4 % of compensation for each employee. The Company also sponsors a retirement plan for employees of Absci GmbH, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary based in Switzerland. The Swiss plan is a government-mandated retirement fund that provides employees with a minimum investment return. The Company contributed $ 1.2 million and $ 1.0 million to both plans in the aggregate for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 13. Net loss per share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Numerator: Net loss $ ( 110,566 ) $ ( 104,904 ) Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 92,028,016 90,845,629 Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ ( 1.20 ) $ ( 1.15 ) 111 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The common stock issuable upon the conversion or exercise of the following dilutive securities has been excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Diluted net loss per share, therefore, does not differ from basic net loss per share for the periods presented. Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares): For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Stock options 16,516,387 10,751,992 Restricted stock units 538,095 47,086 Unvested restricted stock 631,340 1,859,446 Employee stock purchase plan 75,795 — On March 1, 2024, the Company closed the sale of an aggregate of 19,205,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to its shelf registration statement (see Note 15: Subsequent events). 14. Income taxes Provision for income taxes: The Company incurred net losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The significant components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Current Federal $ — $ — State 4 3 Foreign 148 41 Total current 152 44 Deferred expense/(benefit) Federal ( 52 ) ( 505 ) State — — Total deferred ( 52 ) ( 505 ) Total $ 100 $ ( 461 ) The components of income (loss) before income taxes by tax jurisdiction for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands): 2023 2022 United States $ ( 112,788 ) $ ( 105,617 ) Foreign 2,322 252 Loss before income taxes $ ( 110,466 ) $ ( 105,365 ) The income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily relate to state taxes and taxes in foreign jurisdictions, offset by the change in valuation allowance. 112 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The provision for income taxes results in effective tax rates which are different than the federal income tax statutory rate. The following include the nature of the differences for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: 2023 2022 Statutory federal income tax rate 20.6 % 21.0 % State income taxes, net of federal benefits 5.1 5.9 Tax contingencies, net of reversals ( 0.5 ) ( 0.6 ) Section 162(m) limitation ( 0.4 ) ( 0.2 ) Stock-based compensation ( 1.4 ) ( 0.5 ) Research and development credits 1.9 2.4 Return-to-provision ( 0.7 ) 0.6 Change in valuation allowance ( 19.8 ) ( 27.1 ) Goodwill impairment ( 4.1 ) — Deemed foreign inclusion ( 0.4 ) — Other ( 0.4 ) ( 1.1 ) Effective tax rate ( 0.1 ) % 0.4 % Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands): 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Net operating losses $ 43,952 $ 32,588 Research and development credits 6,014 3,835 Capitalized research and development expenses 21,867 13,350 Stock-based compensation 3,957 3,498 Lease liability 2,146 2,424 Accrued expenses 537 970 Gross deferred tax assets 78,473 56,665 Less valuation allowance ( 61,291 ) ( 39,007 ) Total deferred tax assets 17,182 17,658 Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment ( 2,139 ) ( 1,971 ) Intangibles ( 12,880 ) ( 13,800 ) Right-of-use lease asset ( 2,349 ) ( 2,125 ) Gross deferred tax liabilities ( 17,368 ) ( 17,896 ) Deferred tax liabilities, net $ ( 186 ) $ ( 238 ) 113 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS As of December 31, 2023, the Company has remaining federal net operating losses of $ 172.3 million and has state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 123.9 million to offset against future taxable income for state tax purposes. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”), federal net operating losses incurred in 2018 and future years may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such federal NOLs is subject to an annual limitation. NOLs generated prior to 2018 are eligible to be carried forward up to 20 years. State net operating losses can be carried forward for 5 to 20 years depending on the jurisdiction and will begin to expire in years 2035-2043. The company also has Federal research credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.1 million that will begin to expire in 2039. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Evaluating the need for a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets often requires judgment and analysis of all the positive and negative evidence available, including cumulative losses in recent years and projected future taxable income, to determine whether all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance to offset the net deferred tax assets as the Company believes it is not more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be fully realizable. The valuation allowance increased $ 22.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 and $ 28.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, certain substantial changes in the company's ownership may result in a limitation on the amount of net operating loss carryforwards and research and development credit carryforwards which could be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and taxes payable. A formal Section 382 study was not performed through December 31, 2023. The Company has not recognized withholding tax accrual for the undistributed earnings of its foreign operations as the Company considers these earning to be indefinitely reinvested. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. The Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $ 2.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and $ 1.4 million unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022. The Company recognizes penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. All unrecognized tax benefits would currently not have an impact on the effective rate if recognized. The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): 2023 2022 Balance at January 1 $ 1,390 $ 698 Additions Based On Tax Positions Related to Current Year 537 641 Additions Based On Prior Tax Positions 189 51 Balance at December 31 $ 2,116 $ 1,390 The Company does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases in its uncertain tax positions within the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2023 the Company’s statutes of limitations are open for all federal and state years filed after the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net operating loss and credit carryforwards from all years are subject to examination and adjustments for the three years following the year in which the carryforwards are utilized. The Company is not currently under Internal Revenue Service or state examination. 114 Table of Contents ABSCI CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 15. Subsequent events Issuance of shares On March 1, 2024, the Company closed the sale of an aggregate of 19,205,000 shares of its common stock, pursuant to an underwriting agreement with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Cowen and Company, LLC at a public offering price of $ 4.50 per share, before underwriting discounts and commissions. The total estimated net proceeds to the Company from the offering are expected to be approximately $ 80.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. 115 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures None.