Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Forward-Looking Statements The information disclosed in this quarterly report, and the information incorporated by reference herein, include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. The forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this quarterly report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us and speak only as of the date of each such statement. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described in this Item 2 of Part I and Item 1A of Part II of this quarterly report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed interim consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto contained in this quarterly report. Overview General Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. (“Western” or the “Company”, formerly Western Uranium Corporation) was incorporated in December 2006 under the Ontario Business Corporations Act. On November 20, 2014, the Company completed a listing process on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”). As part of that process, the Company acquired 100% of the members’ interests of Pinon Ridge Mining LLC (“PRM”), a Delaware limited liability company. The transaction constituted a reverse takeover (“RTO”) of Western by PRM. Subsequent to obtaining appropriate shareholder approvals, the Company reconstituted its board of directors and senior management team. Western is a Canadian domestic issuer and Canadian reporting issuer. On August 18, 2014, the Company closed on the purchase of certain mining properties in Colorado and Utah from Energy Fuels Holding Corp. Assets purchased included both owned and leased lands in Utah and Colorado, and all represent properties that have been previously mined for uranium to varying degrees in the past. The acquisition included the purchase of the Sunday Mine Complex. The Sunday Mine Complex is located in western San Miguel County, Colorado. The complex consists of the following five individual mines: the Sunday mine, the Carnation mine, the St. Jude mine, the West Sunday mine and the Topaz Mine. The operation of each of these mines requires a separate permit, and all such permits have been obtained by Western and are currently valid. Notably, for the Topaz Mine, which at the present time is permitted and is scheduled for reclamation, the process is underway for it to be re-permitted. In addition, each of the mines has good access to a paved highway, electric power to existing declines, office/storage/shop and change buildings, and an extensive underground haulage development with several vent shafts complete with exhaust fans. The Sunday Mine Complex is the Company’s core resource property and in July 2021 was assigned “Active” status when mining operations were restarted. 18 On September 16, 2015, Western completed its acquisition of Black Range, an Australian company that was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange until the acquisition was completed. The acquisition terms were pursuant to a definitive Merger Implementation Agreement entered into between Western and Black Range. Pursuant to the agreement, Western acquired all of the issued shares of Black Range by way of Scheme of Arrangement (“the Scheme”) under the Australian Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) (the “Black Range Transaction”), with Black Range shareholders being issued common shares of Western on a 1 for 750 basis. On August 25, 2015, the Scheme was approved by the shareholders of Black Range, and on September 4, 2015, Black Range received approval by the Federal Court of Australia. In addition, Western issued options to purchase Western common shares to certain employees, directors, and consultants. Such stock options were intended to replace Black Range stock options outstanding prior to the Black Range Transaction on the same 1 for 750 basis. Under United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“Commission”) rules, the Black Range transaction triggered the Company being deemed a United States domestic issuer and losing its foreign private issuer exemption. On April 29, 2016, the Company filed a Form 10 registration statement with the Commission after shifting its basis of accounting from IFRS to U.S. GAAP. On June 28, 2016, the Company’s registration statement became effective and Western became a United States reporting issuer. On June 30, 2023, Western re-qualified as a foreign private issuer as that term is defined in Rule 3b-4(c) promulgated under the Exchange Act. As a result, the Company may now utilize certain accommodations made to foreign private issuers, including (1) an exemption from complying with the Commission’s proxy rules, (2) an exemption from the Company’s insiders having to comply with the reporting and short-swing trading liability provisions of Section 16 under the Exchange Act, (3) the ability to make periodic filings with the Commission on the Form 20-F and Form 6-K foreign issuer forms, and (4) the ability to offer and sell unrestricted securities outside of the United States pursuant to Rule 903 of Regulation S. The Company plans to take advantage of these accommodations. However, the Company currently has decided to voluntarily continue to file periodic reports with the Commission using domestic issuer forms including filing annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. As of the subsequent measurement date, June 30, 2025, Western reconfirmed its qualification as a foreign private issuer for periods ending through December 31, 2026. The Company has registered offices at 5 Church Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5E 1M2, and its common shares are listed on the CSE under the symbol “WUC” and are traded on the OTCQX Best Market under the symbol “WSTRF”. Its principal business activity is the acquisition and development of uranium and vanadium resource properties in the states of Utah and Colorado in the United States. Recent Developments Uranium Markets and Western Strategy Between July 2024 and August 2025, the uranium term price was in the $80.00/lb to $81.50/lb range until its rise to $83/lb in September 2025 and $85/lb in October 2025. The uranium spot market has experienced more volatility, peaking at $106/lb in January 2024, and declining into a 2025 trading range of $64/lb to $78/lb through August 2025. In September 2025 and October 2025 spot prices rallied above $80/lb, before declining back into the 2025 trading range in November 2025. The Fall 2025 rally was ignited in mid-September by President Trump and the Department of Energy (“DOE”) Secretary Wright touting U.S. nuclear power and the U.S. domestic fuel cycle, which rallied uranium equity markets. In January 2026, uranium spot prices spiked closing above $100/lb for 2 days and above $90/lb for 5 days. After this short-lived rally was over, spot prices declined and settled around ~$85/lb during the February 2026 to July 2026 period. 19 The long-term uranium price trend is relatively stronger as it has rallied from the ~$90/lb to ~$95/lb levels during 2026. Previously, over the five year period from 2020 to 2025, both spot and term prices have moved up from the $30/lb range to the $80/lb range. In 2024, Western responded to favorable market conditions by aggressively ramping up operations and expanding production capacity primarily at its 100% owned Sunday Mine Complex. While uranium spot prices weakened late in 2024, we had anticipated a recovery in 2025, supported by the United States ban on Russian uranium (effective 2028) and the Trump administration’s strong backing of nuclear energy and domestic mining. The Company’s interpretation of market signals was that uranium markets would stabilize at replacement price levels. However, given the turbulence in global commodity and financial markets, along with geopolitical uncertainties, we have shifted to a more conservative stance, increasingly focusing on cost control and strategic discipline. We continued to observe capital market volatility fueled by the Ukraine and Gaza wars, political and trade/tariff uncertainties and more recently the war with Iran. This conservative approach has been adopted to reduce operational spending in the near-term. The intent is to focus on the initiatives that bring long-term value to the Company: advancing the development of the Mustang mill and the development of nearby mines to supply this mill. Western’s team remains confident that uranium prices will become reflective of replacement cost levels and strong underlying market fundamentals. While we are focusing on preparing more of our mineral properties for active mining operations, we intend to utilize this conservative approach until there is a significant and sustainable recovery in uranium markets. The widening spread between spot pricing and long-term pricing is a positive signal for uranium miners, however uranium equities are moving in the opposite direction as they have declined in price during the second quarter. Uranium Ridge Project On October 8, 2025, Western, through its wholly owned subsidiary, PRM, closed on the acquisition of a package of unpatented mineral lode claims (the “Claims”). The Company paid $250,000 for the acquisition, securing a 50% ownership interest in the area covered by historic drilling. The Claims encompass a drilled-out uranium-vanadium deposit situated on ~240 acres that is located on BLM land in Montrose County, Colorado. As part of the acquisition strategy, Western has also staked additional claims surrounding the property, adding 500 acres with significant exploration potential to expand the historical resource. The Company has named this resource property the Uranium Ridge Project (“Uranium Ridge”), which is a combination of the acquired claims and the newly staked claims. The 50% of mineral claims that are not owned by PRM continue to be owned by Mr. George Glasier, the Company’s CEO. Mr. Glasier has indicated his willingness to make his personal interest available to the Company on appropriate terms if the Company deems it to be desirable. Uranium Ridge is located in close proximity to Western’s planned Mustang mineral processing plant site, which is being advanced as a key regional processing hub. By securing nearby resources, Western expects to reduce haulage costs, streamline logistics, and capture significant processing efficiencies, directly translating into increased value for shareholders. After the completion of the drill program at the Van 4, Uranium Ridge is targeted for a similar confirmation and exploration drill program. The objectives are to confirm the historic drilled-out resources and expand the resource to the newly added 500 acres of claims acquired by staking. Ore Purchase Agreement On April 8, 2025, PRM entered into an Ore Purchase Agreement (the “Ore Purchase Agreement”) with subsidiaries of Energy Fuels Inc. (“Purchaser”). The Ore Purchase Agreement was for a one year period and provided for the delivery of up to 25,000 short tons of uranium bearing ore to the White Mesa Mill in Blanding, Utah. PRM was required to make deliveries at its own cost and the purchase price per ton was based upon the average grade of uranium of each lot, and other qualifying conditions. Within 30 days after each lot was closed, Purchaser paid to PRM an 85% provisional payment (“Provisional Payment”) calculated based upon the sampled grade and an agreed upon pricing schedule. Within 30 days after each lot is fed to processing, the Purchaser shall pay to PRM a final settlement payment calculated based upon the assayed grade and the agreed upon pricing schedule, net of a royalty, pursuant to a previously existing royalty agreement with the Purchaser. During April and May 2025, the Company focused on the operational preparations required to begin hauling material. Also during this period, an additional ore pad was constructed, equipment and vehicles were prepared, and new equipment was purchased. The Company commenced deliveries in late June 2025 and during this period through September, Western delivered approximately 1,600 tons of mined material from the Sunday Mine Complex to the White Mesa Mill. Hauling capacity proved a limiting factor as all deliveries were completed by Western employees, alternating driving duties, utilizing a single Company truck to make ~20 ton deliveries. Most of the uranium-bearing feedstock utilized to make deliveries under the Ore Purchase Agreement originated from underground stockpiled materials from historical work projects. which was supplemented by a small amount of new production from the Sunday Mine Complex. At the end of September 2025, Western made the decision to pause additional future deliveries in favor of focusing the mining staff on development projects that can increase future feedstock quantities for the Mustang Mineral Processing Plant. Accordingly, there were no deliveries of uranium bearing ore to Purchaser during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. At the end of May 2026, the Purchaser concluded its final assayed grade of the uranium bearing ore, which yielded grades higher than those derived from the sampled grades utilized for the Provisional Payments. The final chemical assay results indicated natural uranium grades more than 40% higher than the initial probe-indicated estimates. As a result, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, we recognized additional revenue of $167,111, net of the applicable royalty, related to the sale of uranium-bearing ore. As of June 30, 2026, the net amount of $206,546 remained due and this net amount is net of the royalty obligation to the Purchaser and is included within other current assets on the condensed interim consolidated balance sheet. We received the final settlement payment of $206,546 on August 7, 2026. The higher final assay results provide additional information regarding uranium grades at the Sunday Mine Complex and may indicate potential for greater mineral resources than previously estimated from historical drilling data. However, we have not yet verified whether these results are representative of the entire or a portion of the unmined and unexplored areas of the Sunday Mine Complex. 20 Mustang Mineral Processing Plant We are prioritizing the development of the Mustang Mineral Processing Plant (Mustang) in Colorado due to its close proximity to the SMC and lower hauling costs in comparison to the Maverick Minerals Processing Plant in Utah. In preparing the new licensing and permitting application, Western expects to benefit from the prior site owner’s completion of all phases of licensing and permitting of their Pinon Ridge Mill project. This facility will be designed to recover uranium and vanadium both from conventional materials mined from Company mines and materials produced by other mining companies. After permitting and construction, and subject to available financing, the processing of uranium and vanadium materials is targeted to commence in 2029. The Colorado milling license that Western is currently seeking will incorporate Kinetic Separation via an amendment to the initial license – as Western’s current plan is to submit a licensing application that is substantially identical to the application that was used previously for the Pinon Ridge Mill (which did not include the Company’s Kinetic Separation technology). Official baseline data collection at Mustang began in December 2024 for water monitoring and January 2025 for air monitoring. Through June 30, 2026, four quarters of air quality data collections were completed to align with the previously completed production well water collections. Two quarters of monitor well, surface, and river water collections have been concluded. The third quarter of water monitoring data was completed in July 2026, with the final water collections scheduled for the first week of October 2026. Results to date for both water and air quality are consistent with data collected by the former owners. During 2025, Western sourced digital versions of the prior Pinon Ridge Mill license application and supporting data. This will result in substantial savings in the compilation of the radioactive materials license application. The team is actively preparing the radioactive materials license application while simultaneously working to acquire a Special Use Permit from Montrose County, Colorado. As of June 30, 2026, Western remains on track to submit the full license application to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (“CDPHE”) by the end of 2026, with the goal of allowing the entire calendar year of 2027 for the CDPHE application review process. Mustang’s completion is critical for in-house yellowcake production. Western Joins Three U.S. Government Consortiums As the growing strategic importance of critical minerals and nuclear fuel to both the U.S. government and the civilian nuclear fleet has been met with market distortions caused by foreign state-owned enterprises, the U.S. government has taken decisive action to secure its energy and defense interests. To participate in this solution, Western has joined the Defense Production Act Nuclear Fuel Cycle (the “DPA”), Defense Industrial Base (the “DIBC”), and Cornerstone consortia, which collectively aim to eliminate reliance on foreign uranium and strengthen the domestic industrial base. These collaborative partnerships between the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, and industry leaders are designed to secure and accelerate a resilient domestic supply chain, ensuring long-term energy independence and supporting the competitive operation of current and future nuclear reactors, and supplies of all critical materials and minerals. Sunday Mine Complex Project In response to elevated uranium prices during early 2024, Western began ramping up operations to achieve its annualized production target of 1 million pounds of uranium and 6 million pounds of vanadium. Following the expansion of infrastructure deeper into the West Sunday Mine, the mining teams commenced driving a drift to the Leonard & Clark deposit and the drilling teams defined additional mining areas utilizing underground horizontal drilling. The program included 20,366 feet of drilling plus an additional 1,655 feet of core drilling and confirmed five mineralized pockets in the GMG drift and outlined the deposit’s overall shape and trend. Lastly, the operations team moved to an area of the Sunday Mine where the prior operator ceased production. Existing underground workings were rehabilitated and utilities were installed in a large stope area close to the former production face. At June 30, 2026, uranium pricing and market conditions remained in close proximity to the suppressed levels, which caused the Company to make corresponding reductions in mining operations beginning in 2025. Beginning in 2026, underground operations were scaled back, and equipment was secured and prepared for storage. The mining operations team is continuing the completion of aboveground surface projects. When we next receive market signals to scale-up operations, the next underground projects will focus on the development of new additional Sunday Mine Complex areas, which have indicated defined uranium mineralization to further expand capacity. Additional Projects To Expand Production Capacity Looking forward, we are considering opportunities across our property portfolio to increase production capacity that are less capital intensive. These include re-permitting the Topaz Mine, rehabilitating the Sage Mine, reassessing the Van 4 Mine for decline/portal access rather than utilizing the previously reclaimed shaft, and additional development of the Rimrock JV mines. The project to advance permitting of the San Rafael Project is included in this group, and is discussed in more detail below. Progress has been made on each of these initiatives. At the Topaz Mine, a monitor well was drilled and after being flushed and the installation of new monitoring equipment, the baseline water quality sampling program commenced in December 2025, and three quarters of water sampling have been completed. At the Sage Mine, we have now received both state and BLM approvals to commence limited work at this mine. For the Van 4 Mine, the team is preparing a vertical drill rig to begin a drilling program with both development and exploration/ resource expansion objectives. The Company made progress with the Sage Mine project to update and secure site infrastructure in July 2026 and is expecting completion in August 2026. 21 San Rafael The San Rafael Uranium Project, located in Emery County, Utah, is being developed as the Company’s second production facility. During the second quarter of 2024, Western submitted a Notice of Intent to the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) that was approved for a mineral and groundwater exploration project. During the third quarter of 2024, Utah’s Division of Oil, Gas & Mining gave its approval of the exploration permit application and the Company posted a $61,403 financial guarantee of reclamation costs with the BLM. Currently all permits have been received that are needed for the drilling of monitor wells, and the sinking of a mine shaft. When site work commences, following the completion of repairs to access roads, the phase 1 drilling program can begin. Initially, groundwater monitoring wells will be installed at five drilling locations, reaching depths of approximately 1,000 feet. During the borehole completion process, mineralization will also be assessed and confirmed against historical drill data. This project will provide the baseline data needed for permitting application submission. Maverick Minerals Processing Plant The development of the Maverick Minerals Processing Plant in Green River, Utah, has advanced since the land package acquisition was completed in 2023. Subsequently, a full team of consulting firms was chosen and engaged for their expertise in engineering / mill design, permit preparation, environmental, hydrology, and air quality. The project design and permitting activities include site evaluation work, compilation of a preliminary plant and property site plan, baseline data collection, plant and animal studies and a cultural survey. Additional consulting commitments were made to advance the licensing and development with Precision Systems Engineering (“PSE”), a leading engineering and design consulting firm headquartered in Sandy, Utah. The next steps were for PSE to complete a preliminary engineering design and cost estimate for a 500 ton per day mill and the installation of monitor wells. However, additional work has been deferred for Western to reassess its design strategy now that it has purchased a previously licensed mill site in Colorado (Mustang Mineral Processing Plant, formerly the Pinon Ridge Mill). As processing facility development efforts have been shifted, some of the Maverick site infrastructure has been relocated to the Mustang site and notably the preliminary engineering work is also transferable. The Maverick site is located in close proximity (approximately 4 miles) to the San Rafael Uranium Project; however, it is approximately 170 miles from the Sunday Mine Complex. We are prioritizing development of the Mustang site, given its close proximity to the Sunday Mine Complex, lower hauling costs, and past licensing advances over the Maverick site. Kinetic Separation Licensing On December 1, 2016, a determination was made by the CDPHE considering the NRC Advisory Opinion, the Colorado public meeting process, and the CDPHE regulatory and evaluation framework. This determination stated that the proposed Kinetic Separation operations at the Sunday Mine by Black Range Minerals must be regulated by the CDPHE through a milling license. Previously, the Company was unable to deploy Kinetic Separation as it was without a regulatory framework, but as a result of this determination the Company is now able to deploy Kinetic Separation under a milling license. During 2025 there was a large development for Kinetic Separation which affects its process deployment. In September 2025, the NRC approved a license for the owner of the Ablation patents that allows the application of their version of Ablation technology for uranium mine waste remediation and issued a first-of-its-kind multi-site Service Provider License. This option is available to Western, should we choose to pursue it. The Colorado milling license that Western is currently seeking will likely incorporate Kinetic Separation via an amendment to the initial license – as Western’s current plan is to submit a licensing application that is substantially identical to the application that was used previously for the Pinon Ridge Mill (which did not include the Company’s Kinetic Separation technology). Biden-Harris, Trump 1.0 and Trump 2.0 Administration Initiatives During the first Trump Administration, the U.S. government focused on market distortions caused by foreign state-owned enterprises and the economic and geopolitical influence lost by allowing Russia and China to take the global lead in nuclear power. In support of the world’s largest civilian nuclear reactor fleet, the U.S. has implemented some of the recommendations of the Nuclear Fuel Working Group which followed the uranium Section 232 investigation. This led to the implementation of the Uranium Reserve Program and the American Assured Fuel Supply program. Subsequently, the Russia/Ukraine war has highlighted the nuclear fuel supply chain risks and the geopolitical risks of dependence on the direct and indirect sourcing of nuclear fuel from state owned enterprises in Russia and former Soviet Union republics. 22 Upon taking office, the Biden-Harris Administration team immediately rejoined the Paris Climate Accord, reversed a number of pro-fossil fuel energy policies, and gave all agencies climate change initiatives. The Administration worked to advance a national clean energy standard. In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law authorizing governmental investments of approximately $369 billion in climate and energy, a portion of which would benefit the U.S. domestic nuclear industry and battery technologies. The Biden-Harris Administration’s DOE sponsored multiple programs to support the U.S. nuclear sector with the goal of replacing nuclear fuel and services coming from Russia and the DOE continues to prepare for a Russian counter-sanction terminating the flow of nuclear fuel and services from Russia. Multiple bills were introduced into the U.S. Congress, and several have been passed that provide funding to the U.S. domestic nuclear fuel cycle. Currently, nuclear energy appears to enjoy bipartisan support. With the change in Presidential Administrations the climate change and clean energy initiatives of the Biden-Harris Administration have been de-emphasized. In his first day, after returning to office, President Trump signed Executive Orders declaring a National Energy Emergency and a U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement for a second time. On February 14, 2025, President Trump signed an Executive Order creating the National Energy Dominance Council as a Presidential Department of the White House. This was done to support domestic energy projects and develop policies that will increase domestic energy production. On May 23, 2025, President Trump signed four Executive Orders specifically boosting the U.S. domestic nuclear fuel cycle, resulting in a strong uranium mining stock rally on the following day. Since taking office, President Trump has signed a number of Executive Orders to boost the energy sector that we believe to be directly or indirectly beneficial to nuclear and/or uranium mining industries. In mid-September, 2025, President Trump and DOE Secretary Wright touted U.S. nuclear power, the potential for new advancements, and the U.S. domestic fuel cycle, after which the uranium equity markets showed a short-term rally. During August 2025, DOE’s Office of Nuclear Energy established the Defense Production Act Consortium that will seek participation by U.S. companies through voluntary agreements. It was announced that “Under the DPA Consortium, voluntary agreements will allow industry consultation to develop plans of action to ensure that the nuclear fuel supply chain capacity for mining and milling, conversion, enrichment, deconversion, fabrication, recycling and reprocessing is available to enable the continued reliable operation of the nation’s reactors.” The first meeting of the DPA Consortium was held on October 23, 2025 and the process is ongoing. The DOE Office of Nuclear Energy has organized industry-specific committees to focus on developing action plans to increase domestic capacity for mining, conversion, and enrichment to reduce reliance on foreign fuel sources. Western is a member of the Mining & Milling Committee. United States Ban of Russian Uranium due to Russian Invasion of Ukraine In response to Russia’s war in Ukraine, the U.S. legislature passed the Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act (H.R. 1042) to ban Russian uranium imports into the United States. Unanimous passage in April 2024 by the U.S. Senate followed the U.S. House of Representatives’ passage of the bill in December 2023. Subsequently, on May 13, 2024, President Biden signed this legislation into law. The ban became effective 90 days after its enactment on August 11, 2024 and is being phased in under Department of Energy conditional waivers before becoming a complete ban on January 1, 2028. As of June 30, 2026, 1.5 years remain until all Russian uranium products are fully banned from importation into the United States. The United States has the world’s largest civilian nuclear reactor fleet, and it has now taken steps to reduce its reliance on state-sponsored Russian nuclear fuel. In November 2024, in response to the U.S. ban on Russian uranium imports, Russia imposed a counter restriction on the export of enriched uranium to the United States. This was designed to create maximum uncertainty through its implementation on a shipment-by-shipment basis. Also in December 2024, Russia’s national nuclear company sold a 49% minority stake in a joint venture in a Kazakhstan uranium mine to a Chinese state-owned company. It was reported that this was done because of difficulties selling uranium to European or North American buyers due to sanctions recently imposed upon Russia. 23 The war in Ukraine is ongoing and it is unclear at this time when and how it will end. In the early days of the new administration, President Trump appeared to be more open toward Russia’s interests, which caused concern from traditional European allies. Recently, the Trump’s Administration position regarding the war in Ukraine has become more balanced. The earlier embrace of Russia negatively impacted the prices of uranium equities and physical uranium commodities. Nuclear Fuel and Uranium Market Conditions Beginning in 2023, spot uranium prices reacted to supply/demand constraints and geopolitical risks. Positive catalysts across multiple levels of the nuclear fuel and uranium markets have set in motion uranium market and nuclear fuel opportunities for the next decade and beyond. Underlying fundamentals are the strongest in decades. This is attributable to multiple factors, including climate change, energy security, supply chain and energy scarcity initiatives. The supply/demand imbalance has flipped from a market with excess supply into a market with excess future demand. With the reduced availability of secondary supplies and reduced mobile physical inventories, utilities have begun adding multi-year contracts with mining companies for primary supply. The drivers expanding the demand for nuclear fuel include non-nuclear nations adding nuclear power generation, nuclear nations expanding fleets and/or extending lives of existing reactors, idled nuclear reactors being redeployed, the reversal of phase-outs and shutdowns, and the deployment of advanced reactors / SMRs. However, the challenge is in meeting increasing demand simultaneously with supply constraints from the world’s largest suppliers. Positive nuclear energy news has continued to highlight the global growth of future nuclear electricity generation which will drive increased nuclear fuel demand. However, due to the lead time needed for future uranium production, we are entering a phase where the supply-demand fundamentals are in a deep multi-year structural supply deficit. The future is not clear as we believe some miners, like ourselves, with available near-term production are waiting for higher price levels and/or project funding before making full start-up commitments. Utilities have also deferred contracting to understand how regulations and geopolitics will modify their future access to Russian uranium, conversion and enrichment services. In the second quarter of 2024, investors began purchasing nuclear and uranium equities as a means to create long exposure for their positive view on Artificial Intelligence (AI), due to the vast energy requirements of data centers. Many of those investors reversed their positions and began to sell these nuclear and uranium equities at the end of 2024 and in the beginning of 2025, and the nuclear and uranium equities that initially benefited saw a price reversal. This investment flow of funds is ongoing. During periods when the investment community seeks to increase AI/data center exposure, investments have been flowing into the nuclear and uranium sector. And then when the investment community seeks to reduce its AI/data center exposure, these flows tend to reverse. With the power purchase agreements signed between tech companies that sponsor AI data centers and nuclear utilities, these vast power requirements have become viewed by the market as a significant new long-term demand driver for nuclear energy as the best source of stable/reliable zero-carbon baseload power. This is another affirmation of long-term structural demand for nuclear fuel. Nuclear Fuel Supply Chain Concentration Risks Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the ensuing global energy crisis has focused attention on security of supply and supply chain risks. This has caused most of the world to re-evaluate their dependence upon nuclear fuel exported by Russia. In spite of the dominant market position of Rosatom, future deliveries potentially could be at risk due to sanctions, legislation, or a Russian embargo. Customer dependence upon the Russian supply of uranium, conversion and enrichment are being addressed slowly by governments as alternative suppliers are not currently available. Both Urenco and Orano have announced that they will invest to expand their uranium enrichment capacity respectively in the United States and France, which represents a shift away from Russia. Utilities are demonstrating their desire for increased security of their nuclear fuel supply chains. Kazakhstan is also a concern because the world’s largest uranium producing country has an unguarded and the second longest continuous land border in the world shared with Russia. The potential exists for Russia to exert influence over Kazakhstan. Additionally, Kazatomprom has put large long-term contracts in place with China. This supply is needed for China to fulfill its 15 year plan to deploy 150 new nuclear reactors. China National Nuclear Corp. (CNNC) has recently opened a uranium trading hub and warehouse facility, on the China / Kazakhstan border, with the capacity to store 60 million pounds of uranium. It has become evident that the nuclear fuel supply chain has become increasingly concentrated and interconnected in this very small area of the world. Expanding Kazakhstan uranium exports to Russia, China and India significantly reduces future supply for Western nuclear fuel buyers. 24 In July 2023, the government of Niger was overthrown by its military. This is significant because the new regime is opposed to Western interests and this landlocked West African country holds the 7th largest uranium resource in the world and was producing about 5% of global production. The conflict has an anti-French sentiment, and the Junta has initiated multiple actions that are counter to French interests. Most importantly, Niger’s Junta has threatened the export of uranium to France which has serious implications because France acquires 20% of its natural uranium from Niger. In addition to the French evacuating/ being expelled from Niger, the U.S. military also departed the country. The Junta is utilizing Russian military support as a replacement. In addition, the Niger government has revoked operating permits from foreign uranium companies, including Orano in June 2024 and Goviex in July 2024. In November 2024, Orano further reported that it had lost operational control, to authorities in Niger, of another of its uranium mines. This mine was in production, but had been impacted by export restrictions imposed by the Junta. In moving away from French and Western alliances, Niger has sought to replace these with Russian and Chinese state-backed enterprises in its natural resource sector. This is specifically applicable to uranium projects where both of these countries can bring production expertise and also be the end customer for all available production. As of June 30, 2026, the Middle East remains a volatile focal point for global energy markets following years of escalating conflict that expanded from the 2023 Israel-Hamas war into a direct military confrontation with Iran and its proxies. In Gaza, a fragile ceasefire currently holds between the two nations. While large-scale hostilities have subsided, global stability continues to hinge on these ongoing talks to establish a post-war governance structure and secure a permanent end to the military actions that have destabilized the region. In late May 2026, the Israeli Prime Minister announced that he has directed the Israeli military to take control of 70% of the Gaza territory which could lead to a termination of the ceasefire and further escalation of military activities. After failed diplomatic negotiations, on February 28, 2026, the United States and Israel launched a joint operation against Iran. This new conflict has caused shipping disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz which has caused energy prices to spike and had a general negative effect on world markets. A large portion of the Middle East daily oil production is transported through the Strait of Hormuz. While there have been reports of multiple ceasefires, contradictory messages have been put forth from both sides of this conflict describing the status. Capital markets and energy prices have fluctuated based upon the messaging. This process is ongoing. In the Strait of Hormuz, ships remain stranded and ship traffic is still significantly reduced. This has further implications for energy-importing nations as their uranium buyers are more focused on domestic security and away from regional logistical risks. A secondary implication for uranium miners is that a large portion of the world’s sulphur, a key ingredient in the manufacturing of sulfuric acid used for mining and milling of uranium, is shipped through the Strait of Hormuz. Furthermore, among those countries at potential risk of an Iranian strike in Central Asia is Kazakhstan, the largest producer of uranium. The war with Iran continues to impact both physical uranium and uranium equity prices, but on a larger scale has been the largest variable impacting global capital markets and economies during 2026. Private Placements On June 13, 2025, the Company closed a brokered private placement of 5,911,786 units at a price of $0.63 (CAD $0.85) per unit. The aggregate gross proceeds raised in the private placement amounted to $3,693,424 (CAD $5,025,018) and proceeds net of issuance costs were $3,331,687 (CAD $4,532,939). Each unit is comprised of one common share of Western and one common share purchase warrant. Each warrant is exercisable into one common share at a price of $0.77 (CAD $1.05) per share for a period of four years following the closing date of the private placement. A total of 5,911,786 common shares and warrants to purchase 5,911,786 common shares were issued to investors and warrants to purchase 206,913 common shares were issued to broker dealers in connection with the private placement. Of the 5,911,786 common shares and warrants issued to investors, 117,647 were issued to Mr. Glasier for his participation in the private placement. On October 14, 2025, the Company closed a brokered private placement of 6,555,556 units at a price of $0.64 (CAD $0.90) per unit (the “October 2025 PP”). The aggregate gross proceeds raised in the private placement amounted to $4,202,281 (CAD $5,900,000). Each unit is comprised of one common share of Western and one common share purchase warrant. Each warrant is exercisable into one common share at a price of $0.85 (CAD $1.20) per share for a period of 54 months following the closing date of the private placement. A total of 6,555,556 common shares and warrants to purchase 6,555,556 common shares were issued to investors and warrants to purchase 229,444 common shares were issued to broker dealers in connection with the private placement. A 7% cash commission and broker warrants equal to 3.5% of the number of units sold, each exercisable into one common share at the issue price for a period of 54 months following the closing date, were issued to the sole underwriter in connection with the offering. 25 Share Repurchase Program, NCIB On December 19, 2025, the Company implemented a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to allow it to purchase up to 6,672,291 of its common shares representing approximately 10% of the Company’s “public float” as of December 17, 2025, as defined under the policies of the CSE. The Company may purchase shares under the NCIB over a 12-month period beginning on December 19, 2025 and ending on December 18, 2026. Shares repurchased under the NCIB shall be purchased on the open market through the facilities of the CSE or Canadian alternative trading systems at the prevailing market price of the shares at the time of purchase and in accordance with the policies of the CSE and applicable Canadian securities laws. All shares purchased under the NCIB are required to be cancelled. The Company will fund any such purchases of shares under the NCIB with cash on hand. The exact timing and amount of purchases of shares pursuant to the NCIB, if any, will depend on market conditions, the Company’s priorities for the use of our cash to fund the licensing and development of the Mustang Mineral Processing Plant, development of its mining properties, working capital considerations and other factors. The Company has no obligation to acquire any shares under the NCIB and may suspend or discontinue purchases under the NCIB at any time. Notably the NCIB program was established due to an index methodology change which resulted in the disposition, by sale into the public markets during December 2025, of the Company’s shares held by an investment fund who was a shareholder of the Company. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, no shares were repurchased under the NCIB. Results of Operations The following table presents the Company’s financial results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 Revenues $ 199,528 $ 30,509 $ 226,879 $ 71,730 Expenses Mining expenditures 607,934 1,144,866 1,317,072 2,836,015 Professional fees 121,299 243,297 285,602 414,917 General and administrative 494,729 545,394 1,167,903 1,277,472 Consulting fees 189,857 75,636 301,134 190,784 Total operating expenses 1,413,819 2,009,193 3,071,711 4,719,188 Operating loss (1,214,291 ) (1,978,684 ) (2,844,832 ) (4,647,458 ) Interest income, net 24,304 10,150 58,567 41,309 Other income, net 28,103 - 23,544 - Net loss (1,161,884 ) (1,968,534 ) (2,762,721 ) (4,606,149 ) Other comprehensive loss Foreign currency translation adjustment (14,537 ) (17,107 ) (29,842 ) (32,442 ) Comprehensive loss $ (1,176,421 ) $ (1,985,641 ) $ (2,792,563 ) $ (4,638,591 ) 26 Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 as Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Summary: Our condensed consolidated net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $1,161,884 and $1,968,534, respectively. The principal components of these quarter over quarter changes are discussed below. Our comprehensive loss for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $1,176,421 and $1,985,641, respectively. Revenues Our revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 were $199,528 and $30,509, respectively. The increase in revenues of $169,019, or 554% was principally attributable to the recognition of $167,111 in revenue from the sale of uranium bearing material resulting from an increase in the final assayed grade and resulting price by the purchaser, for material which was delivered during 2025. There were no ore deliveries during the three months ended June 30, 2025. Mining Expenditures Mining expenditures for the three months ended June 30, 2026 were $607,934 as compared to $1,144,866 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in mining expenditures of $536,932, or 47% was principally attributable to our cost saving initiative to reduce underground mining activities, pending market pricing signals to scale up mining operations. This resulted in reductions in the costs of personnel, mining supplies and services, maintenance and electricity costs. Professional Fees Professional fees for the three months ended June 30, 2026 were $121,299 as compared to $243,297 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in professional fees of $121,998, or 50% was principally attributable to higher accounting fees in the prior year due to increased reliance on external accounting support associated with increased mining activities and related complexity. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2026 were $494,729 as compared to $545,394 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in general and administrative expense of $50,665, or 9% is primarily due to decreases in insurance costs and non-cash stock-based compensation expense. Consulting Fees Consulting fees for the three months ended June 30, 2026 were $189,857 as compared to $75,636 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in consulting fees of $114,221, or 151% is primarily due to an increase in mill licensing activity and baseline data collection costs. Interest Income, Net Interest income, net for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was $24,304 as compared to $10,150 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in interest income, net of $14,154, or 139% was principally attributable to an increase in interest earned on higher invested cash balances during the three months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2025. Other Income, Net Other income, net for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was $28,103 as compared to $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The $28,103 income for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was principally attributable to the sale of mining equipment. 27 Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Foreign currency translation adjustment for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was a loss of $14,537 as compared to a loss of $17,107 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 as Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Summary: Our condensed consolidated net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $2,762,721 and $4,606,149, respectively. The principal components of these period over period changes are discussed below. Our comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $2,792,563 and $4,638,591, respectively. Revenues Our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 were $226,879 and $71,730, respectively. The increase in revenues of $155,149, or 216% was principally attributable to the recognition of $167,111 in revenue from the sale of uranium bearing material resulting from an increase in the final assayed grade and resulting price by the purchaser, for material which was delivered during 2025, partially offset by both lower oil prices and lower oil and gas well volumes attributable to production decline curves during the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025. Mining Expenditures Mining expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2026 were $1,317,072 as compared to $2,836,015 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in mining expenditures of $1,518,943, or 54% was principally attributable to our cost saving initiative to reduce underground mining activities, pending market pricing signals to scale up mining operations. This resulted in reductions in the costs of personnel, mining supplies and services, maintenance, safety costs, and electricity costs. Professional Fees Professional fees for the six months ended June 30, 2026 were $285,602 as compared to $414,917 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in professional fees of $129,315, or 31% was principally attributable to higher accounting fees in the prior year due to increased reliance on external accounting support associated with increased mining activities and related complexity. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2026 were $1,167,903 as compared to $1,277,472 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in general and administrative expense of $109,569, or 9% is primarily due to decreases in insurance costs and non-cash stock-based compensation expense. Consulting Fees Consulting fees for the six months ended June 30, 2026 were $301,134 as compared to $190,784 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in consulting fees of $110,350, or 58% is primarily due to an increase in mill licensing activity and baseline data collection costs. Interest Income, Net Interest income, net for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $58,567 as compared to $41,309 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in interest income, net of $17,258, or 42% was principally attributable to an increase in interest earned on higher invested cash balances during the six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025. 28 Other Income (Expense), Net Other income, net for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $23,544 as compared to $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The $23,544 income for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was principally attributable to the sales of mining equipment and a vehicle. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Foreign currency translation adjustment for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was a loss of $29,842 as compared to a loss of $32,442 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash balances as of June 30, 2026 was $4,758,366. Our cash position is highly dependent on our ability to raise capital through the issuance of equity and our management of expenditures for mining and for the development of our mineral processing facility and for the fulfillment of our public company reporting responsibilities. Our management believes that in order to finance the development and mining operations of the mining resource properties, to construct our Kinetic Separation equipment and operations and to secure regulatory licenses for and to construct our uranium and vanadium mineral processing facilities, we will be required to raise additional capital by way of debt and/or equity. We will also require additional working capital to continue to scale-up our mining operations at the Sunday Mine Complex. Net Cash Used In Operating Activities Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $2,168,299 and $3,564,250, respectively. The decrease of $1,395,951 in cash used in operating activities was principally driven by a decrease in net loss of $1,843,428, offset by period over period reductions in cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities, including a decrease of $175,080 related to prepaid expenses and other current assets and an increase of $181,252 in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, as well as a decrease of $92,886 in stock-based compensation. Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Investing Activities Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $101,146 as compared to cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 of $376,458. Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was attributable to $130,000 in mining equipment and vehicle sale proceeds, partially offset by $28,854 of equipment purchases. Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was principally attributable to purchases of mining equipment. Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $0 and $3,331,687, respectively. The cash provided by financing activities of $3,331,687 during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was due in its entirety to private placement proceeds, net. Asset Retirement Obligations Our mines are subject to certain AROs, which we have recorded as liabilities. The AROs of the United States mines are subject to legal and regulatory requirements and estimates of the costs of asset retirement obligations are reviewed periodically by the applicable regulatory authorities. The ARO represents our best estimate of the present value of future reclamation costs in connection with the mineral properties. 29 We determined the aggregate gross ARO of the mineral properties to be $1,187,553, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The portion of the asset retirement obligation related to the Van 4 Mine, which is in reclamation as of June 30, 2026, and its related restricted cash are included in current liabilities and current assets, respectively, at a value of $75,057. Our internal mining operations team completed the last of the Van 4 reclamation work prior to the March 2, 2025 reclamation deadline and continues to wait for revegetation at the site. We submitted our surety reduction request application to the State of Colorado on January 7, 2026 for a reduction of the financial warranty based on current site conditions and consideration of reclamation activities completed. On March 19, 2026, the State of Colorado concluded its review and approved our request and reduced the financial warranty to $49,350. We are expecting to receive a refund of our financial warranty in the amount of $25,707 during the third quarter of 2026. The Company’s asset retirement obligations are subject to legal and regulatory requirements. Estimates of the costs of reclamation are reviewed periodically by the Company and the applicable regulatory authorities. The asset retirement obligations represent the Company’s estimate of the present value of future reclamation costs, discounted using a credit adjusted risk-free interest rate of 5.4% as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The net discounted aggregated values as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were $424,388 and $415,164, respectively. Financial warranties to secure AROs as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were $1,187,553. Oil and Gas Lease In 2017, we entered into an oil and gas lease that became effective with respect to minerals and mineral rights owned by us on approximately 160 surface acres of our property in Colorado. As consideration for entering into the lease, the lessee has agreed to pay us a royalty from the lessee’s revenue attributed to oil and gas produced, saved, and sold attributable to the net mineral interest. As of June 30, 2026, all sixteen (16) wells remain in production and we recognize royalty revenue on a monthly basis. The lease remains in effect, and royalty payments will continue for as long as oil and/or gas are produced from the pooled unit containing these sixteen (16) wells. Under the oil and gas lease and easement arrangements, during the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we recognized aggregate revenue of $32,417 and $30,509, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we recognized aggregate revenue of $59,768 and $71,730, respectively. Related Party Transactions We have transacted with related parties pursuant to service arrangements in the ordinary course of business, as follows: Prior to the acquisition of Black Range, Mr. George Glasier, the Company’s CEO, who is also a director of the Company (“Seller”), transferred his interest in a former joint venture with Ablation Technologies, LLC to Black Range. In connection with the transfer, Black Range issued 25 million shares of Black Range common stock to Seller and committed to pay $345,598 (AUD $500,000) to Seller within 60 days of the first commercial application of the Kinetic Separation technology. We assumed this contingent payment obligation in connection with the acquisition of Black Range. At the date of the acquisition of Black Range, this contingent obligation was determined to be probable. Since the deferred contingent consideration obligation is probable and the amount is estimable, we recorded the deferred contingent consideration as an assumed liability in the amount of $345,598 and $333,349 as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. We have multiple lease arrangements with Silver Hawk Ltd., an entity which is owned by George Glasier and his wife Kathleen Glasier. These leases, which are all on a month-to-month basis, are for the rental of office, workshop, warehouse and employee housing facilities. In connection with these arrangements, we incurred rent expense of $26,325 and $27,271 for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $52,650 and $53,596 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. 30 We are obligated to pay Mr. Glasier for reimbursable expenses in the amount of $16,247 and $74,063, included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Going Concern With the exception of the quarter ended June 30, 2022, we have incurred losses from our operations and as of June 30, 2026, had an accumulated deficit of $38,868,538 and working capital of $3,449,482. Since inception, we have met our liquidity requirements principally through the sale of our common shares and from limited revenue sources. On October 14, 2025, the Company closed a brokered private placement of 6,555,556 units at a price of $0.64 (CAD $0.90) per unit. The aggregate gross proceeds raised in the private placement amounted to $4,202,281 (CAD $5,900,000) and proceeds net of issuance costs were $3,806,270 (CAD $5,344,010). On June 13, 2025, we closed a brokered private placement of 5,911,786 units at a price of $0.63 (CAD $0.85) per unit. The aggregate gross proceeds raised in the private placement amounted to $3,693,424 (CAD $5,025,018) and proceeds net of issuance costs were $3,331,687 (CAD $4,532,939). Of the 5,911,786 common shares and warrants issued to investors, 117,647 were issued to Mr. Glasier for his participation in the private placement. Our ability to continue our operations and to pay our obligations when they become due is contingent upon us obtaining additional financing. Management’s plans include seeking to procure additional funds through debt and equity financing, to secure regulatory approval licenses to fully utilize Kinetic Separation and to permit and construct the Mustang Minerals Processing Plant for the processing of uranium and vanadium to generate operating cash flows. We will also require capital to fund the ongoing in-house mining operations at the Sunday Mine Complex and other portfolio projects. Management evaluated conditions and events over a period of one year from the issuance date of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements. There are no assurances that we will be able to raise capital on terms acceptable to us or at all, or that cash flows generated from our operations will be sufficient to meet our current operating costs and required debt service. If we are unable to obtain sufficient amounts of additional capital, we may be required to reduce the scope of our planned development, which could harm our financial condition and operating results, or we may not be able to continue to fund our ongoing operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern to sustain operations for at least one year from the issuance of the accompanying financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Off Balance Sheet Arrangements As of June 30, 2026, there were no off-balance sheet transactions. We have not entered into any specialized financial agreements to minimize our investment risk, currency risk or commodity risk. Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies The preparation of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant assumptions about the future and other sources of estimation uncertainty that management has made at the end of the reporting period, that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made, include, but are not limited to, the following: fair value of transactions involving common shares, assessment of the useful life and evaluation for impairment of intangible assets, valuation and impairment assessments of mineral properties and equipment, deferred contingent consideration, asset retirement obligations, valuation of stock-based compensation, and HST. Other areas requiring estimates include allocations of expenditures, depletion and amortization of mineral rights and properties. 31 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Not applicable.