WATSCO INC 10-Q

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Forward-Looking Statements This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains or incorporates by reference statements that are not historical in nature and that are intended to be, and are hereby identified as, “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements which are not historical in nature, including the words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “could,” “should,” “may,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “target,” “will,” “project,” “focused,” “outlook,” “goal,” “designed,” and variations of these words and negatives thereof and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, including statements regarding, among others, (i) economic conditions, (ii) business and acquisition strategies, (iii) potential acquisitions and/or joint ventures and investments in unconsolidated entities, (iv) financing plans, and (v) industry, demographic and other trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances, certain of which are beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including, but not limited to: • general economic conditions, both in the United States and in the international markets we serve; • competitive factors within the HVAC/R industry; • effects of supplier concentration, including conditions that impact the supply chain; • fluctuations in certain commodity costs; • consumer spending; • consumer debt levels; • the resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic; • new housing starts and completions; • capital spending in the commercial construction market; • access to liquidity needed for operations; • seasonal nature of product sales; • weather patterns and conditions; • insurance coverage risks; 16 of 28 Table of Contents • federal, state, and local regulations impacting our industry and products; • prevailing interest rates; • the effect of inflation; • foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; • international risk; • cybersecurity risk; and • the continued viability of our business strategy. We believe these forward-looking statements are reasonable; however, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based on current expectations. For additional information regarding important factors that may affect our operations and could cause actual results to vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please see “Economic and Marketplace Dynamics” in the discussion below, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as the other documents and reports that we file with the SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements were made. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking information or the discussion of such risks and uncertainties to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions, or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except as required by applicable law. We qualify any and all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary factors. The following information should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements, including the notes thereto, included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, reference should be made to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Company Overview Watsco, Inc. was incorporated in Florida in 1956, and, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, “Watsco,” the “Company,” or “we,” “us,” or “our”) is the largest distributor of air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration equipment, and related parts and supplies (“HVAC/R”) in the HVAC/R distribution industry in North America. At September 30, 2023, we operated from 691 locations in 42 U.S. States, Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico with additional market coverage on an export basis to portions of Latin America and the Caribbean. Revenues primarily consist of sales of air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration equipment, and related parts and supplies. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of selling expenses, the largest components of which are salaries, commissions, and marketing expenses that are variable and correlate to changes in sales. Other significant selling, general and administrative expenses relate to the operation of warehouse facilities, including a fleet of trucks and forklifts, and facility rent, a majority of which we operate under non-cancelable operating leases. Sales of residential central air conditioners, heating equipment, and parts and supplies are seasonal. Furthermore, profitability can be impacted favorably or unfavorably based on weather patterns, particularly during the Summer and Winter selling seasons. Demand related to the residential central air conditioning replacement market is typically highest in the second and third quarters, and demand for heating equipment is usually highest in the first and fourth quarters. Demand related to the new construction sectors throughout most of the markets we serve tends to be fairly evenly distributed throughout the year and depends largely on housing completions and related weather and economic conditions. Climate Change and Reductions in CO 2 e Emissions We believe that our business plays an important and significant role in the drive to lower CO 2 e emissions. According to the United States Department of Energy, heating and air conditioning accounts for roughly half of household energy consumption in the United States. As such, replacing older, less efficient HVAC systems with higher efficiency systems is one of the most meaningful steps homeowners can take to reduce their electricity costs and carbon footprints. The overwhelming majority of new HVAC systems that we sell replace systems that likely operate below current minimum efficiency standards in the United States and may use more harmful refrigerants that have been, or are being, phased-out. As consumers replace HVAC systems with new, higher-efficiency systems, homeowners will consume less energy, save costs, and reduce their carbon footprints. The sale of high-efficiency systems has long been a focus of ours, and we have invested in tools and technology intended to capture an increasingly richer sales mix over time. In addition, regulatory mandates will likely periodically increase the required minimum Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio rating, referred to as SEER, thus providing a catalyst for greater sales of higher-efficiency systems. 17 of 28 Table of Contents Recently enacted regulations increased the current minimum SEER beginning in 2023 (generally, to 14 SEER from 13 SEER in the Northern U.S. and to 15 SEER from 14 SEER for the Southern U.S.). We offer a broad variety of systems that operate above the minimum SEER standards, ranging from base-level efficiency to systems that exceed 20 SEER. Based on estimates validated by independent sources, we averted an estimated 18.3 million metric tons of CO 2 e emissions from January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2023 through the sale of replacement residential HVAC systems at higher-efficiency standards. Federal Tax Credits and State Incentives Demand for higher-efficiency products, such as variable-speed systems and heat pumps, is expected to increase due to the passage of the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) in August 2022. This legislation is intended, in part, to promote the replacement of existing systems in favor of high-efficiency heat pump systems that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as compared to older systems, and thereby combat climate change. Programs under the IRA include enhanced tax credits for homeowners who install qualifying HVAC equipment and tax deductions for owners of commercial buildings that are upgraded to achieve defined energy savings. The IRA also sets aside $4.3 billion for state-administered consumer rebate programs designed to promote energy savings for low and medium-income households, including HVAC systems. Final details, including qualifying products, specific programs, states participating, and other regulatory requirements contemplated by the IRA are still being finalized. Economic and Marketplace Dynamics The global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic has included challenges such as inflationary pressure and supply chain disruptions. Certain of our manufacturers and suppliers continue to experience some level of supply chain disruptions caused by reduced component availability, labor shortages, transportation delays, and other logistical challenges, resulting in longer lead times and constrained availability of HVAC/R products. These challenges were exacerbated by the regulatory transition to higher SEER products that became effective in 2023. Revenues for the first nine months of 2023 reflected temporary production and availability delays by one of our primary OEM partners. We estimate that revenues were negatively impacted by approximately 1% and 3% during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, in each case due to constrained availability of inventory. Our OEMs are working to improve their supply chains and product availability in order to help us meet our customers’ needs. We cannot estimate the future impact of supply chain disruptions to the extent that these disruptions become more pronounced than current conditions. We continue to take proactive steps to limit the impact of these disruptions and are working closely with our suppliers to ensure the availability of products. Also, we continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our business. Critical Accounting Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. At least quarterly, management reevaluates its judgments and estimates, which are based on historical experience, current trends, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our critical accounting estimates are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023. We believe that there have been no significant changes during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 to the critical accounting estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. 18 of 28 Table of Contents Results of Operations The following table summarizes information derived from our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income, expressed as a percentage of revenues, for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: Quarter Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenues 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Cost of sales 73.3 72.9 72.2 72.0 Gross profit 26.7 27.1 27.8 28.0 Selling, general and administrative expenses 15.0 15.8 16.0 16.2 Other income 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 Operating income 12.1 11.6 12.1 12.2 Interest expense, net 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 Income before income taxes 12.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 Income taxes 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 Net income 9.4 9.1 9.4 9.6 Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interest 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. 8.0 % 7.7 % 8.0 % 8.1 % Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not total 100. The following narratives reflect our acquisition of Capitol District Supply Co., Inc. (“Capitol”) in March 2023 and Gateway Supply Company, Inc. (“GWS”) in September 2023. We did not acquire any businesses during the quarter or nine months ended September 30, 2022. In the following narratives, computations and other information referring to “same-store basis” exclude the effects of locations closed, acquired, or locations opened, in each case during the immediately preceding 12 months, unless such locations are within close geographical proximity to existing locations. At September 30, 2023 and 2022, three and eleven locations, respectively, that we opened during the immediately preceding 12 months were near existing locations and were therefore included in “same-store basis” information. The table below summarizes the changes in our locations for the 12 months ended September 30, 2023: Number of Locations September 30, 2022 675 Opened 1 Closed (3 ) December 31, 2022 673 Opened 5 Acquired 19 Closed (6 ) September 30, 2023 691 Third Quarter of 2023 Compared to Third Quarter of 2022 Revenues Quarters Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Revenues $ 2,126.8 $ 2,035.8 $ 91.0 4 % The increase in revenues for the third quarter of 2023 included $17.9 million attributable to new locations acquired and $1.7 million from other locations opened during the preceding 12 months, offset by $2.5 million from locations closed. 19 of 28 Table of Contents Quarters Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Same-store sales $ 2,107.2 $ 2,033.3 $ 73.9 4 % The following table presents our revenues, as a percentage of sales, by major product lines and the related percentage change in revenues from the prior period: % of Sales % Change 2023 2022 2023 2022 HVAC equipment 70 % 69 % 6 % 13 % Other HVAC products 26 % 27 % (3 %) 15 % Commercial refrigeration products 4 % 4 % 9 % 18 % HVAC equipment sales (excluding acquisitions) reflect a 4% increase in residential products, which is composed of unitary compressor-bearing systems, furnaces, and other indoor components, (3% increase in U.S. markets and a 15% increase in international markets) and a 14% increase in sales of commercial HVAC equipment (12% increase in U.S. markets and a 19% increase in international markets). Domestic sales of unitary compressor-bearing systems increased 4%, reflecting an 8% increase in average selling price and a 4% decrease in units. Gross Profit Quarters Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Gross profit $ 566.9 $ 550.8 $ 16.1 3 % Gross margin 26.7 % 27.1 % Gross profit margin declined 40 basis-points primarily due to product mix, reflecting a stronger 6% sales growth rate of HVAC equipment (70% of sales) versus a 3% decline in sales of other HVAC products ( 26% of sales ) in 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. Generally, HVAC equipment drives lower gross profit margins than other HVAC products. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Quarters Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 319.8 $ 321.5 $ (1.7 ) (1 %) Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues 15.0 % 15.8 % Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 1% for the third quarter of 2023. On a same-store basis, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 2% as compared to 2022, primarily due to improved operating efficiencies. Other Income Other income of $9.5 million and $6.9 million for the third quarters of 2023 and 2022, respectively, represents our share of the net income of Russell Sigler, Inc. (“RSI”), in which we have a 38.1% equity interest. Interest Expense, Net Interest expense, net for the third quarter of 2023 increased $1.4 million, or 291%, primarily due to a higher effective interest rate and higher average borrowings under our revolving credit facility for the 2023 period as compared to the same period in 2022. 20 of 28 Table of Contents Income Taxes Quarters Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Income taxes $ 54.1 $ 49.6 $ 4.5 9 % Effective income tax rate 23.8 % 23.8 % Income taxes represent a composite of the income taxes attributable to our wholly owned operations and income taxes attributable to our joint ventures with Carrier Global Corporation (“Carrier”), which are primarily taxed as partnerships for income tax purposes; therefore, Carrier is responsible for its proportionate share of income taxes attributable to its share of earnings from these joint ventures. Net Income Attributable to Watsco, Inc. Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 increased $13.3 million, or 8%, compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher revenues, gross profit and higher other income, lower selling, general and administrative expenses, partially offset by higher interest expense, net, and higher income taxes. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Revenues Nine Months Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Revenues $ 5,680.6 $ 5,693.1 $ (12.5 ) 0 % The decrease in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $6.5 million from locations closed, offset by $22.6 million attributable to new locations acquired and $8.0 million from other locations opened during the preceding 12 months. Nine Months Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Same-store sales $ 5,650.0 $ 5,686.6 $ (36.6 ) (1 %) The following table presents our revenues, as a percentage of sales, by major product lines and the related percentage change in revenues from the prior period: % of Sales % Change 2023 2022 2023 2022 HVAC equipment 69 % 69 % —  18 % Other HVAC products 27 % 27 % (4 %) 20 % Commercial refrigeration products 4 % 4 % 7 % 25 % HVAC equipment sales (excluding acquisitions) reflect a 4% decrease in residential products, which is composed of unitary compressor-bearing systems, furnaces, and other indoor components, (5% decrease in U.S. markets and a 2% increase in international markets) and a 17% increase in sales of commercial HVAC equipment (17% increase in U.S. markets and a 19% increase in international markets). Domestic sales of unitary compressor-bearing systems declined 3%, reflecting a 12% decrease in units and a 9% increase in average selling price. Gross Profit Nine Months Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Gross profit $ 1,577.7 $ 1,596.7 $ (19.0 ) (1 %) Gross margin 27.8 % 28.0 % 21 of 28 Table of Contents Gross profit margin declined 20 basis-points primarily due to less beneficial pricing actions taken by our HVAC equipment suppliers in 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Nine Months Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 911.0 $ 919.6 $ (8.6 ) (1 %) Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues 16.0 % 16.2 % Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased primarily due to lower revenues. On a same-store basis, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 2% as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to decreased variable costs commensurate with decreased revenues and improved operating efficiencies. Other Income Other income of $20.4 million and $17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, represents our share of the net income of RSI, in which we have a 38.1% equity interest. Interest Expense, Net Interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $3.8 million, or 175%, for the 2023 period as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to a higher effective interest rate and higher average outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Income Taxes Nine Months Ended September 30, (in millions) 2023 2022 Change Income taxes $ 144.7 $ 145.7 $ (1.0 ) (1 %) Effective income tax rate 24.0 % 23.8 % Income taxes represent a composite of the income taxes attributable to our wholly owned operations and income taxes attributable to our joint ventures with Carrier, which are primarily taxed as partnerships for income tax purposes; therefore, Carrier is responsible for its proportionate share of income taxes attributable to its share of earnings from these joint ventures. The increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to higher state income taxes partially offset by higher share-based compensation deductions and tax credits in 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. Net Income Attributable to Watsco, Inc. Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $9.7 million, or 2%, compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by lower revenues and gross profit and higher interest expense, net, partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses, higher other income, and lower income taxes. Liquidity and Capital Resources We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to execute our business strategy and fund operating and investing activities, taking into consideration the seasonal demand for HVAC/R products, which peaks in the months of May through August. Significant factors that could affect our liquidity include the following: • cash needed to fund our business (primarily working capital requirements); • borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility; • the ability to attract long-term capital with satisfactory terms; • acquisitions, including joint ventures and investments in unconsolidated entities; • dividend payments; • capital expenditures; and • the timing and extent of common stock repurchases. 22 of 28 Table of Contents Sources and Uses of Cash We rely on cash flows from operations and borrowing capacity under our revolving credit agreement to fund seasonal working capital needs and for other general corporate purposes in the short-term and the long-term, including dividend payments (if and as declared by our Board of Directors), capital expenditures, business acquisitions, and development of our long-term operating and technology strategies. Additionally, we may also generate cash through the issuance and sale of our Common stock. As of September 30, 2023, we had $175.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, of which $152.6 million was held by foreign subsidiaries. The repatriation of cash balances from our foreign subsidiaries could have adverse tax impacts or be subject to capital controls; however, these balances are generally available to fund the ordinary business operations of our foreign subsidiaries without legal restrictions. We believe that our operating cash flows, cash on hand, funds available for borrowing under our revolving credit agreement, and funds available from sales of our Common stock under our ATM Program (as defined below), each of which is described below, will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that our current sources of available funds will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements. Our access to funds under our revolving credit agreement depends on the ability of the syndicate banks to meet their respective funding commitments. Disruptions in the credit and capital markets could adversely affect our ability to draw on our revolving credit agreement and may also adversely affect the determination of interest rates, particularly rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is one of the base rates under our revolving credit agreement. SOFR has limited historical data and is a secured lending rate, which could give rise to uncertainties and volatility in the benchmark rates. Additionally, disruptions in the credit and capital markets could also result in increased borrowing costs or reduced borrowing capacity under our revolving credit agreement. Working Capital Working capital increased to $1,842.9 million at September 30, 2023 from $1,392.2 million at December 31, 2022, due to: (i) a customary increase in inventory concurrent with our selling season, new inventory requirements pertaining to the transition to higher minimum efficiency levels for residential HVAC systems that went into effect on January 1, 2023, and an increase of safety stock as a consequence of supply chain disruptions; (ii) higher accounts receivable consistent with the seasonality of our business; and (iii) the classification of borrowings under our revolving credit agreement as a long-term liability at September 30, 2023, which were offset by an increase in accounts payable consistent with the change in inventory. Cash Flows The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in millions): 2023 2022 Change Cash flows provided by operating activities $ 263.3 $ 358.9 $ (95.6 ) Cash flows used in investing activities $ (28.1 ) $ (26.4 ) $ (1.7 ) Cash flows used in financing activities $ (207.6 ) $ (315.5 ) $ 107.9 The individual items contributing to cash flow changes for the periods presented are detailed in the condensed consolidated unaudited statements of cash flows contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Operating Activities The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the timing of vendor payments and lower net income in 2023 as compared to 2022, partially offset by the changes in working capital discussed above. Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities was higher primarily due to cash consideration paid for our acquisitions of Capitol and GWS in 2023. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities decreased primarily due to higher borrowings under our revolving credit agreement and proceeds from the sale of Common stock used for repayments under our revolving credit agreement, partially offset by an increase in dividends paid in 2023. 23 of 28 Table of Contents Revolving Credit Agreement On March 16, 2023, we entered into an unsecured, five-year $600.0 million syndicated multicurrency revolving credit agreement, which replaced in its entirety our prior five-year $560.0 million unsecured revolving credit agreement that was nearing maturity. Proceeds from the new facility were used to repay the $235.5 million outstanding under the prior facility. Additional proceeds may be used for, among other things, funding seasonal working capital needs and for other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, dividends (if and as declared by our Board of Directors), capital expenditures, stock repurchases, and issuances of letters of credit. The revolving credit facility has a seasonal component from October 1 to March 31, during which the borrowing capacity may be reduced to $500.0 million at our discretion (which effectively reduces fees payable in respect of the unused portion of the commitment), and we effected this reduction on October 1, 2023. Included in the revolving credit facility are a $125.0 million swingline loan sublimit, a $10.0 million letter of credit sublimit, a $75.0 million alternative currency borrowing sublimit, and an $10.0 million Mexican borrowing subfacility. The credit agreement matures on March 16, 2028. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at either Term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR-based rates plus 0.10%, plus a spread which ranges from 100.0 to 137.5 basis-points (Term SOFR and Daily Simple SOFR plus 100.0 basis-points at September 30, 2023), depending on our ratio of total debt to EBITDA, or on rates based on the highest of the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5%, the Prime Rate or Term SOFR plus 1.0%, in each case plus a spread which ranges from 0 to 50.0 basis-points (0 basis-points at September 30, 2023), depending on our ratio of total debt to EBITDA. We pay a variable commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitment under the revolving credit agreement, ranging from 12.5 to 27.5 basis-points (12.5 basis-points at September 30, 2023). We paid fees of $0.8 million in connection with entering into the revolving credit agreement, which are being amortized ratably through the maturity of the facility in March 2028. At September 30, 2023, $105.6 million was outstanding under the revolving credit agreement. The revolving credit agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants with respect to consolidated leverage and interest coverage ratios, and other customary restrictions. We believe we were in compliance with all covenants at September 30, 2023. At-the-Market Offering Program On February 25, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated sales agreement with Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc. (“Baird”) and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS”), which enables the Company to issue and sell shares of Common stock in one or more negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for a maximum aggregate offering amount of up to $300.0 million (the “ATM Program”). The offer and sale of our Common stock pursuant to the ATM Program has been registered under the Securities Act pursuant to our automatically effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-260758). During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we issued and sold 45,000 shares of Common stock under the ATM Program for net proceeds of $15.2 million. Direct costs of $0.4 million incurred in connection with the offering were charged against the proceeds from the sale of Common stock and reflected as a reduction of paid-in capital. At September 30, 2023, $284.7 million remained available for sale under the ATM Program. On November 3, 2023, we entered into a second amended and restated sales agreement with Baird, which removed GS as a sales agent under the ATM Program. See Item 5 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. Investment in Unconsolidated Entity Carrier Enterprise I, one of our joint ventures with Carrier, in which we have an 80% controlling interest, has a 38.1% ownership interest in RSI, an HVAC distributor operating from 34 locations in the Western U.S. Our proportionate share of the net income of RSI is included in other income in our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income. Carrier Enterprise I is a party to a shareholders’ agreement (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”) with RSI and its shareholders, consisting of five Sigler second generation family siblings and their affiliates, who collectively own 55.8% of RSI (the “RSI Majority Holders”) and certain next-generation Sigler family members and an employee, who collectively own 3.1% of RSI (the “RSI Minority Holders” and, together with the RSI Majority Holders, the “RSI Shareholders”). Pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, the RSI Shareholders have the right to sell, and Carrier Enterprise I has the obligation to purchase, their respective shares of RSI for a purchase price determined based on the higher of book value or a multiple of EBIT, the latter of which Carrier Enterprise I used to calculate the price for its 38.1% investment held in RSI. The RSI Shareholders may transfer their respective shares of RSI common stock only to members of the Sigler family or to Carrier Enterprise I, and, at any time from and after the date on which Carrier Enterprise I owns 85% or more of RSI’s outstanding common stock, it has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase from the RSI Shareholders the remaining outstanding shares of RSI common stock. At September 30, 2023, using the criteria set forth in the Shareholders’ Agreement, the valuation of the RSI Shareholders’ RSI common stock was approximately $426.0 million. We believe that our operating cash flows, cash on hand, funds available for borrowing under our revolving credit agreement, or use of the ATM Program would be sufficient to purchase any additional ownership interests in RSI. 24 of 28 Table of Contents On July 28, 2023, Watsco, Carrier Enterprise I, and the RSI Majority Holders entered into an agreement that (1) provides Carrier Enterprise I the discretion, but not the obligation, to fund up to 80% of any purchase from the RSI Majority Holders of their RSI common stock, as required under the Shareholders’ Agreement, using Watsco Common stock (the “Offered Shares”), (2) provides that any Offered Shares actually issued would be valued based on the average volume-weighted average price of Watsco’s Common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the payment date for the applicable RSI shares, and (3) limits the amount of RSI shares that may be collectively sold by the RSI Majority Holders to Carrier Enterprise I under the Shareholders’ Agreement to $125.0 million during any rolling 12-month period. We have not issued or sold any Offered Shares, and there is no assurance that we will issue and sell any Offered Shares, nor is the number of Offered Shares that may be issued and sold currently determinable. Acquisitions On September 1, 2023, we acquired substantially all the assets and assumed certain of the liabilities of Gateway Supply Company, Inc., a plumbing and HVAC distributor operating from 16 locations in South Carolina and North Carolina. Consideration for the net purchase price consisted of $4.0 million in cash and 280,215 shares of Common stock having a fair value of $102.3 million, net of cash acquired of $3.1 million. On March 3, 2023, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries acquired Capitol, a distributor of air conditioning and heating products with annual sales of approximately $13.0 million, operating from three locations in New York. Consideration for the purchase consisted of $1.2 million in cash, net of cash acquired of $0.1 million, and $1.9 million for repayment of indebtedness. We continually evaluate potential acquisitions and/or joint ventures and investments in unconsolidated entities. We routinely hold discussions with several acquisition candidates. Should suitable acquisition opportunities arise that would require additional financing, we believe our financial position and earnings history provide a sufficient basis for us to either obtain additional debt financing at competitive rates and on reasonable terms or raise capital through the issuance of equity securities. Common Stock Dividends We paid cash dividends of $7.35 and $6.35 per share on both Common and Class B common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. On October 2, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $2.45 per share on both Common and Class B common stock that was paid on October 31, 2023 to shareholders of record as of October 17, 2023. Future dividends and changes in dividend rates are at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and depend upon factors including, but not limited to, cash flow generated by operations, profitability, financial condition, cash requirements, and future prospects. Company Share Repurchase Program In September 1999, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase, at management’s discretion, of up to 7,500,000 shares of common stock in the open market or via private transactions. Shares repurchased under the program are accounted for using the cost method and result in a reduction of shareholders’ equity. We last repurchased shares under this plan in 2008. In aggregate, 6,370,913 shares of Common and Class B common stock have been repurchased at a cost of $114.4 million since the inception of the program. At September 30, 2023, there were 1,129,087 shares remaining authorized for repurchase under the program. The IRA includes, among other provisions, a 1% excise tax on stock repurchases effective January 1, 2023. In considering any further stock repurchases under our repurchase program, we intend to evaluate the impact of the IRA’s 1% excise tax. ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK There have been no material changes to the information regarding market risk provided in Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.