WORLD ACCEPTANCE CORP 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS March 31, 2025 2024 ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 9,730,296 $ 11,839,460 Gross loans receivable 1,225,635,918 1,277,149,256 Less: Unearned interest, insurance and fees ( 309,320,104 ) ( 326,746,136 ) Allowance for credit losses ( 103,347,129 ) ( 102,962,811 ) Loans receivable, net 812,968,685 847,440,309 Income taxes receivable — 3,091,229 Operating lease ROU assets, net 76,234,832 79,501,238 Property and equipment, net 19,765,788 22,897,197 Deferred income taxes, net 33,291,074 30,942,844 Other assets, net 40,871,600 42,198,242 Goodwill 7,370,791 7,370,791 Intangible assets, net 7,394,581 11,069,733 Total assets $ 1,007,627,647 $ 1,056,351,043 LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Liabilities: Senior notes payable $ 262,451,475 $ 223,419,132 Senior unsecured notes payable, net 184,418,211 272,609,632 Income taxes payable 222,742 — Operating lease liability 78,689,723 81,920,865 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 42,365,032 53,974,198 Total liabilities 568,147,183 631,923,827 Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9 and 16) Shareholders' equity: Preferred stock, no par value Authorized 5,000,000 , no shares issued or outstanding — — Common stock, no par value Authorized 95,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 5,374,012 and 5,938,665 shares at March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively — — Additional paid-in capital 266,426,478 286,432,952 Retained earnings 173,053,986 137,994,264 Total shareholders' equity 439,480,464 424,427,216 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 1,007,627,647 $ 1,056,351,043 See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 42 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Years Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Revenues: Interest and fee income $ 465,090,517 $ 468,527,861 $ 508,335,681 Insurance and other income, net 99,750,948 104,685,541 108,209,683 Total revenues 564,841,465 573,213,402 616,545,364 Expenses: Provision for credit losses 169,215,395 156,973,220 259,463,199 General and administrative expenses: Personnel 141,059,782 164,454,210 177,690,957 Occupancy and equipment 49,139,934 49,776,200 52,106,567 Advertising 10,224,708 9,932,122 6,096,083 Amortization of intangible assets 3,809,753 4,219,846 4,466,535 Other 36,696,936 40,217,781 39,113,656 Total general and administrative expenses 240,931,113 268,600,159 279,473,798 Interest expense 42,709,580 48,232,287 50,462,594 Total expenses 452,856,088 473,805,666 589,399,591 Income before income taxes 111,985,377 99,407,736 27,145,773 Income taxes 22,243,979 22,062,509 5,913,783 Net income $ 89,741,398 $ 77,345,227 $ 21,231,990 Net income per common share: Basic $ 16.54 $ 13.45 $ 3.69 Diluted $ 16.30 $ 13.19 $ 3.60 Weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic 5,425,483 5,748,554 5,749,492 Diluted 5,506,985 5,861,900 5,898,670 See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 43 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Year ended March 31, 2025 Common Stock Shares Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Total Shareholders' Equity Balances at March 31, 2024 5,938,665 $ 286,432,952 $ 137,994,264 $ 424,427,216 Proceeds from exercise of stock options 25,268 2,358,547 — 2,358,547 Common stock repurchases ( 400,617 ) — ( 54,681,676 ) ( 54,681,676 ) Stock-based compensation (reversal) related to restricted stock, net of forfeitures and cancellations ($ 2,676,053 ) ( 189,304 ) ( 22,972,296 ) — ( 22,972,296 ) Stock-based compensation related to stock options — 607,275 — 607,275 Net income — — 89,741,398 89,741,398 Balances at March 31, 2025 5,374,012 $ 266,426,478 $ 173,053,986 $ 439,480,464 Year ended March 31, 2024 Common Stock Shares Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Total Shareholders' Equity Balances at March 31, 2023 6,231,082 $ 288,071,839 $ 97,154,898 $ 385,226,737 Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of cancellations 34,649 2,867,974 — 2,867,974 Common stock repurchases ( 295,201 ) ( 36,505,861 ) ( 36,505,861 ) Stock-based compensation (reversal) related to restricted stock, net of forfeitures and cancellations ($ 2,823,774 ) ( 31,865 ) ( 752,652 ) — ( 752,652 ) Stock-based compensation (reversal) related to stock options — ( 3,754,209 ) — ( 3,754,209 ) Net income — — 77,345,227 77,345,227 Balances at March 31, 2024 5,938,665 $ 286,432,952 $ 137,994,264 $ 424,427,216 Year ended March 31, 2023 Common Stock Shares Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Total Shareholders' Equity Balances at March 31, 2022 6,348,314 $ 280,907,085 $ 92,117,343 $ 373,024,428 Proceeds from exercise of stock options 7,569 654,920 — 654,920 Common stock repurchases ( 73,643 ) — ( 14,314,089 ) ( 14,314,089 ) Stock-based compensation related to restricted stock, net of cancellations ($ 2,543,001 ) ( 51,158 ) 4,067,525 — 4,067,525 Stock-based compensation related to stock options — 2,442,309 — 2,442,309 Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 326 — — ( 1,880,346 ) ( 1,880,346 ) Net income — — 21,231,990 21,231,990 Balances at March 31, 2023 6,231,082 $ 288,071,839 $ 97,154,898 $ 385,226,737 44 Table of Contents See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 45 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Years Ended March 31, 2025 2024 2023 Cash flow from operating activities: Net income $ 89,741,398 $ 77,345,227 $ 21,231,990 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Amortization of intangible assets 3,809,753 4,219,846 4,466,535 Accrued unearned interest 1,253,389 ( 1,131,985 ) 3,213,737 Gain on extinguishment of senior unsecured notes payable ( 982,791 ) ( 1,631,964 ) ( 1,831,277 ) Amortization of deferred loan costs 14,082,368 14,216,781 15,526,336 Amortization of debt issuance costs 1,298,513 1,686,563 1,654,916 Amortization of discount on loans acquired in an asset purchase ( 596,966 ) — — Provision for credit losses 169,215,395 156,973,220 259,463,199 Depreciation 6,325,036 6,668,557 6,239,266 Amortization of finance leases — — 204,552 Gain on asset acquisitions, net of income tax — ( 112,683 ) ( 3,993,168 ) Loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment ( 60,087 ) ( 57,100 ) 11,837 Deferred income tax expense (benefit) ( 2,348,230 ) 10,737,604 ( 2,102,085 ) Stock-based compensation (reversal) related to equity classified awards ( 19,688,968 ) ( 1,683,087 ) 9,052,835 Gain on company-owned life insurance ( 171,742 ) ( 154,140 ) ( 104,113 ) Change in accounts: Other assets, net 1,067,841 1,217,574 ( 9,147,152 ) Income taxes payable and receivable 3,313,971 ( 5,623,995 ) ( 4,851,403 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses ( 12,095,278 ) 3,112,948 ( 7,482,219 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 254,163,602 265,783,366 291,553,786 Cash flows from investing activities: Increase in loans receivable, net ( 130,669,869 ) ( 127,576,429 ) ( 152,154,050 ) Cash paid for acquisitions, primarily loans ( 18,947,294 ) ( 1,978,815 ) ( 23,131,758 ) Purchases of property and equipment ( 3,683,784 ) ( 5,932,748 ) ( 5,827,773 ) Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 550,244 350,174 529,781 Net cash used in investing activities ( 152,750,703 ) ( 135,137,818 ) ( 180,583,800 ) Cash flow from financing activities: Borrowings from senior notes payable 416,597,875 305,700,964 313,862,948 Payments on senior notes payable ( 377,565,532 ) ( 390,192,656 ) ( 402,924,870 ) Payments for extinguished senior unsecured notes payable ( 87,990,854 ) ( 14,043,159 ) ( 7,171,700 ) Debt issuance costs associated with senior unsecured notes payable — — ( 19,656 ) Payments for debt extinguishment costs ( 12,500 ) ( 28,125 ) ( 22,850 ) Debt issuance costs associated with senior notes payable ( 37,982 ) ( 591,716 ) ( 1,139,008 ) Proceeds from exercise of stock options 2,358,547 2,867,974 654,920 Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards ( 2,676,053 ) ( 2,823,774 ) ( 2,543,001 ) Repurchase of common stock ( 54,195,564 ) ( 36,204,531 ) ( 14,314,089 ) Repayment of finance lease — — ( 80,067 ) Net cash used in financing activities ( 103,522,063 ) ( 135,315,023 ) ( 113,697,373 ) Net change in cash and cash equivalents ( 2,109,164 ) ( 4,669,475 ) ( 2,727,387 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 11,839,460 16,508,935 19,236,322 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 9,730,296 $ 11,839,460 $ 16,508,935 Supplemental Disclosures: Interest paid during the year $ 44,691,237 $ 48,836,325 $ 51,761,768 46 Table of Contents Income taxes paid during the year $ 3,654,628 $ 8,952,124 $ 10,783,143 Finance lease ROU assets, net transferred to property and equipment, net $ — $ — $ 402,960 Non-cash excise tax on stock repurchases $ 486,112 $ 301,330 $ — See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 47 Table of Contents NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 48 Table of Contents (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company's accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with GAAP and conform to general practices within the finance company industry. The following is a description of the more significant of these policies used in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements. Nature of Operations The Company is a small-dollar consumer finance (installment loan) company headquartered in Greenville, South Carolina that offers short-term small loans, medium-term larger loans, related credit insurance products and ancillary products and services to individuals who have limited access to other sources of consumer credit. It also offers income tax return preparation services to its customer base and to others. As of March 31, 2025, the Company operated 1,024 branches in Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wisconsin. Branches in the aforementioned states operate under one of the following names: World Finance Corporation or World Finance. Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of World Acceptance Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). Subsidiaries consist of operating entities in various states and WAC Insurance Company, Ltd. (a captive reinsurance company). All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant item subject to such estimates and assumptions that could materially change in the near term is the allowance for credit losses. Reclassification From time to time, prior period amounts may be reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications have no impact on previously reported net income or shareholders' equity. Segment Reporting The Company reports operating segments in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 280. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. FASB ASC Topic 280 requires that a public enterprise report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items, segment assets, information about the way that the operating segments were determined and other items. The Company has one reportable segment: the consumer finance segment. The other revenue generating activities of the Company, including the sale of insurance products, income tax preparation, and the automobile club, are done within the existing branch network in conjunction with or as a complement to the lending operations. There is no discrete financial information available for these activities, and they do not meet the criteria under FASB ASC Topic 280 to be considered operating segments. The accounting policies of the Company's segment are described within this Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company's CODM is its CEO. The CODM utilizes consolidated net income as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations to evaluate and measure segment performance and to determine how to allocate resources. Significant segment expenses are consistent with those presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and segment assets are consistent with those presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash and Cash Equivalents 49 Table of Contents For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of original issuance to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $ 5.0 million and $ 6.7 million, respectively, in restricted cash associated with its captive insurance subsidiary that reinsures a portion of the credit insurance sold in connection with loans made by the Company. Loans and Interest and Fee Income The Company is licensed to originate consumer loans in the states of Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin. During fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Company originated loans generally ranging up to $ 5,000 with terms of 60 months or fewer. Experience indicates that a majority of the consumer loans are refinanced, and the Company accounts for the majority of the refinancings as new loans. Generally, a customer must make multiple payments in order to qualify for refinancing. Furthermore, the Company's lending policy has predetermined lending amounts so that in most cases a refinancing will result in advancing additional funds. The Company believes that the advancement of additional funds constitutes more than a minor modification to the terms of the existing loan if the present value of the cash flows under the terms of the new loan will be 10% or more of the present value of the remaining cash flows under the terms of the original loan. The following table sets forth information about our loan products for fiscal 2025: Minimum Origination Maximum Origination Minimum Term (Months) Maximum Term (Months) Small loans $ 150 $ 2,450 4 33 Large loans 2,500 25,200 9 60 Tax advance loans 500 7,000 8 35 Gross loans receivable at March 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following: 2025 2024 Small loans $ 626,775,511 $ 551,769,248 Large loans 594,490,890 712,991,000 Tax advance loans 4,369,517 12,389,008 Total gross loans $ 1,225,635,918 $ 1,277,149,256 Loans receivable are carried at amortized cost, which is the gross amount outstanding, reduced by unearned interest and insurance income, net of deferred origination fees and direct costs, and an allowance for credit losses. Fees received and direct costs incurred for the origination of loans are deferred and amortized to interest income over the contractual lives of the loans using the interest method. Unamortized amounts are recognized in interest income at the time that loans are refinanced or paid in full except for those refinancings that do not constitute a more than minor modification. Net unamortized deferred origination costs were $ 5.5 million and $ 5.0 million as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognizes interest and fee income using the interest method. Charges for late payments are recognized in interest and fee income when collected. With the exception of TALs, which are interest free, the Company offers its loans at the prevailing statutory rates for terms not to exceed 60 months. Management believes that the carrying value approximates the fair value of its loan portfolio. From time to time, the Company will sell charged off loans receivable, which are accounted for as a sale in accordance with ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing . See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Nonaccrual Policy 50 Table of Contents The accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is 61 days or more past the contractual due date. When the interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. While a loan is on nonaccrual status, interest income is recognized only when a payment is received. Once a loan moves to nonaccrual status, it remains in nonaccrual status until it is paid out, charged off or refinanced. Allowance for Credit Losses Refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the Company's CECL allowance model and a description of the policies and methodology utilized. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related asset as follows: buildings, 25 to 40 years; furniture and fixtures, 5 to 10 years; equipment, 3 to 7 years; and vehicles, 3 years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is recorded using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset, which is generally five years , or the lease term, which is generally three to five years . Additions to premises and equipment and major replacements or improvements are added at cost. Maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged to operating expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in Insurance and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leases For any new or modified lease, the Company, at the inception of the contract, determines whether a contract is or contains a lease. Lease liability is measured as of the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments. The Company uses a discount rate that is based on the Company's incremental borrowing rate on its senior notes payable when evaluating leases. Refer to Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the discount rate. A lease's ROU asset equals its lease liability, net of any prepaid rent. Lease term is defined as the non-cancelable period of the lease plus any options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option. The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease obligations for its short-term equipment leases, which are defined as leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Further, the Company has elected to not separate lease from non-lease components. Variable lease costs are payments that vary because of changes in facts or circumstances occurring after a lease's commencement date, other than the passage of time, and can include expenses such as common area maintenance, utilities, and repairs and maintenance. Other Assets Other assets include cash surrender value of life insurance policies, HTC investments, prepaid expenses, debt issuance costs related to the senior notes payable, and other deposits and receivables. Debt Issuance Costs In accordance with ASC 835, debt issuance costs related to the senior unsecured notes payable are presented as a direct deduction from its carrying value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the senior unsecured notes payable as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $ 1.0 million and $ 2.4 million, respectively. As the Company intends to pay down the senior notes payable throughout the contractual arrangement, debt issuance costs related to this arrangement are presented as an asset within Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as discussed above. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the senior notes payable as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $ 0.6 million and $ 1.1 million, respectively. Intangible Assets and Goodwill 51 Table of Contents Intangible assets include the fair value of acquired customer lists and the fair value assigned to non-compete agreements. Customer lists are amortized on a straight line or accelerated basis over their estimated period of benefit. As of March 31, 2025, the useful life of customer lists ranged from 8 to 23 years with a weighted average of approximately 8.8 years. Non-compete agreements are amortized on a straight line basis over the term of the agreement. As of March 31, 2024, the useful life of non-compete agreements ranged from 3 to 5 years with a weighted average of approximately 5.0 years. The fair value of the customer lists is based on a valuation model that utilizes the Company’s historical data to estimate the value of any acquired customer lists. The branches the Company acquires are small, privately-owned branches, which do not have sufficient historical data to determine customer attrition. The Company believes that the customers acquired have the same characteristics and perform similarly to its customers. Therefore, the Company utilized the attrition patterns of its customers when developing the estimate of attrition for acquired customers. This estimation method is re-evaluated periodically. Non-compete agreements are valued at the stated amount paid to the other party for these agreements, which the Company believes approximates the fair value. In a business combination, the remaining excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the tangible assets, customer list, and non-compete agreements is allocated to goodwill. The Company evaluates goodwill annually for impairment in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year using the market value-based approach. The Company has one reporting unit, and the Company has multiple components, the lowest level of which is individual branches. The Company’s components are aggregated for impairment testing as they have similar economic characteristics. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses impairment of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets, whenever changes or events indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company assesses impairment of these assets generally at the branch level based on the operating cash flows of the branch and the Company’s plans for branch closings. The Company will write down such assets to fair value if, based on an analysis, the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. The Company did not record any impairment charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, or 2023. Fair Value of Financial Instruments FASB ASC Topic 825 requires disclosures about the fair value of all financial instruments, regardless of whether the financial instrument is recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. The Company’s financial instruments for the periods reported consist of the following: cash and cash equivalents, loans receivable, senior notes payable, and senior unsecured notes payable. Loans receivable are originated at prevailing market rates and have an average life of up to twelve months. Given the short-term nature of these loans, they are continually repriced at current market rates. The Company’s senior notes payable has a variable rate based on a margin over SOFR and reprices with any changes in SOFR. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes payable is estimated based on quoted prices in markets that are not active. Insurance Premiums and Commissions Insurance premiums for credit life, accident and health, property and unemployment insurance written in connection with certain loans, net of refunds and applicable advance insurance commissions retained by the Company, are remitted monthly to an insurance company. All commissions are recorded to unearned insurance commissions and recognized as insurance income over the life of the related insurance contracts. The Company recognizes insurance income using the Rule of 78s method for credit life (decreasing term), credit accident and health, unemployment insurance and the Pro Rata method for credit life (level term) and credit property. Non-filing Insurance Non-filing insurance premiums are charged to certain customers on certain loans in lieu of recording and perfecting the Company's security interest in the assets pledged. The premiums are passed through to a third-party insurance company, and any recoveries from customers after a receipt of an insurance payment are remitted to the third-party 52 Table of Contents insurance company. Neither non-filing insurance premiums nor recoveries are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Certain losses related to such loans, which are not recoverable through life, accident and health, property, or unemployment insurance claims, are reimbursed through non-filing insurance claims subject to policy limitations. Paid claims are applied to customers' accounts, typically prior to charge-off, and are not reflected in net charge-offs. Non-filing insurance claims do not impact our allowance for credit losses. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment related to additional facts and circumstances occurs. Earnings Per Share EPS is computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260. Basic EPS includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of the Company. Potential common stock included in the diluted EPS computation consists of Service Options and Restricted Stock, which are computed using the treasury stock method. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators for basic and dilutive EPS calculations. Stock-Based Compensation FASB ASC Topic 718-10 requires companies to recognize in the income statement the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees. FASB ASC Topic 718-10 does not change the accounting guidance for share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees provided in FASB ASC Topic 718-10. Under FASB ASC Topic 718-10, the way an award is classified will affect the measurement of compensation cost. Liability-classified awards are remeasured to fair value at each balance-sheet date until the award is settled. Equity-classified awards are measured at grant-date fair value, amortized over the subsequent vesting period, and are not subsequently remeasured. The fair value of non-vested stock awards for the purposes of recognizing stock-based compensation expense is the market price of the stock on the grant date. The fair value of options is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. At March 31, 2025, the Company had several share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Share Repurchases On February 12, 2025, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $ 25.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock, inclusive of the amount that remains available for repurchase under prior repurchase authorizations. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $ 0.4 million in aggregate remaining repurchase capacity under its current share repurchase program, and on April 30, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $ 20.0 million of its outstanding common stock, inclusive of any amount that remains available for repurchase under this prior repurchase authorization. The timing and actual number of shares of common stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements, restrictions under the revolving credit facility and other market and economic conditions. The Company’s stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. 53 Table of Contents On February 18, 2025, in accordance with its share repurchase program, the Company, after approval by the Audit and Compliance Committee, repurchased 162,712 shares for $ 24.0 million from Prescott Associates L.P. in a privately negotiated transaction. Prescott Associates L.P. is an affiliate of Prescott General Partners, LLC, who, along with its affiliates, beneficially own approximately 47.2 % of the Company's common stock. The $ 147.50 price per share was based upon the prevailing market rate at the time, and the closing market rate at February 18, 2025 was $ 147.16 . The Company continues to believe stock repurchases are a viable component of the Company’s long-term financial strategy and an excellent use of excess cash when the opportunity arises. Additional share repurchases can be made subject to compliance with, among other things, applicable restricted payment covenants under the revolving credit facility and the Notes. As of March 31, 2025, subject to further approval from our Board of Directors, we could repurchase approximately $ 18.8 million of shares under the terms of our debt facilities. To the extent we have excess capital, we may repurchase stock, if appropriate and as authorized by our Board of Directors. Concentration of Risk The Company generally serves individuals with limited access to other sources of consumer credit such as banks, credit unions, other consumer finance businesses and credit card lenders. Substantially all new customers are required to submit a listing of personal property that will serve as collateral to secure the loan; however, the Company does not rely on the value of such collateral in the loan approval process and generally does not perfect its security interest in that collateral. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company operated in sixteen states in the United States. For fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, gross loan receivable within the Company's four largest states accounted for approximately 51 % of the Company's gross loans receivable balance. The Company maintains amounts in bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts, which are maintained with large domestic banks. Management believes the Company’s exposure to credit risk is minimal for these accounts. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising costs were approximately $ 10.2 million, $ 9.9 million, and $ 6.1 million for fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures , which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 on March 31, 2025 expanded our segment reporting disclosures, but had no other impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures , which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to expand annual disclosures to 1) include specific categories in the rate reconciliation and additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold and 2) disclose the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes. ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign, and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign, among other changes. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted 54 Table of Contents for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires additional disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, which was clarified by ASU 2025-01, Clarifying the Effective Date . Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2024-03 should be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this update or (2) retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. We reviewed all other newly issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not applicable to our business or are not expected to have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures as a result of future adoption. 55 Table of Contents (2) Allowance for Credit Losses and Credit Quality Information The following is a summary of gross loans receivable by Customer Tenure as of: Customer Tenure March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 0 to 5 months $ 101,878,703 $ 73,699,568 6 to 17 months 75,379,597 69,616,739 18 to 35 months 99,857,401 140,340,728 36 to 59 months 130,228,889 181,399,293 60+ months 813,921,811 799,703,920 Tax advance loans 4,369,517 12,389,008 Total gross loans $ 1,225,635,918 $ 1,277,149,256 The Company uses current payment performance to assess the capability of the borrower to repay contractual obligations of the loan agreements as scheduled. Current payment performance is monitored by management on a daily basis. The Company’s payment performance buckets are as follows: current, 30-60 days past due, 61-90 days past due, 91 days or more past due. All loans, except for TALs, that are greater than 90 days past due on a recency basis and not written off as of the reporting date are reserved for at 100% of the outstanding balance, net of a calculated Rehab Rate. The weighted average Rehab Rate at March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 4.5 % and 4.9 %, respectively. A loan is charged off within the allowance for credit losses in the month following when an account reaches 120 days past due on a recency basis, subject to certain exceptions. Specifically, the Company’s customer accounts in a confirmed bankruptcy are charged off in the month after they reach 60 days past due on a recency basis. The accounts of deceased or incarcerated customers are also charged off in the month after they reach 60 days past due on a recency basis, with the exception of deceased customers with credit life insurance. Subsequent recoveries of amounts charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses. The following tables provide a breakdown of the Company’s gross loans receivable by current payment performance on a recency basis and year of origination at March 31, 2025: 56 Table of Contents Term Loans By Origination Loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 1,053,793,007 $ 50,053,899 $ 4,842,323 $ 251,689 $ 9,764 $ 3,256 $ 1,108,953,938 30 - 60 days past due 34,713,638 3,762,456 510,626 70,739 3,765 6,865 39,068,089 61 - 90 days past due 25,209,122 2,176,520 202,706 43,404 1,606 — 27,633,358 91 or more days past due 40,846,872 4,315,756 359,135 80,844 2,352 6,057 45,611,016 Total $ 1,154,562,639 $ 60,308,631 $ 5,914,790 $ 446,676 $ 17,487 $ 16,178 $ 1,221,266,401 Term Loans By Origination Tax advance loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 2,634,947 $ 137,687 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,772,634 30 - 60 days past due 1,477,466 26,980 — — — — 1,504,446 61 - 90 days past due — 22,376 — — — — 22,376 91 or more days past due — 70,061 — — — — 70,061 Total $ 4,112,413 $ 257,104 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,369,517 Total gross loans $ 1,225,635,918 The following tables provide a breakdown of the Company’s gross loans receivable by current payment performance on a recency basis and year of origination at March 31, 2024: 57 Table of Contents Term Loans By Origination Loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 1,094,896,350 $ 61,853,967 $ 4,807,924 $ 109,050 $ 25,850 $ 1,371 $ 1,161,694,512 30 - 60 days past due 34,034,537 4,600,615 610,649 10,856 14,076 5,429 39,276,162 61 - 90 days past due 21,874,701 2,154,561 200,117 17,493 204 — 24,247,076 91 or more days past due 34,560,868 4,600,040 364,386 6,151 5,617 5,436 39,542,498 Total $ 1,185,366,456 $ 73,209,183 $ 5,983,076 $ 143,550 $ 45,747 $ 12,236 $ 1,264,760,248 Term Loans By Origination Tax advance loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 7,441,660 $ 860 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,442,520 30 - 60 days past due 4,942,757 788 — — — — 4,943,545 61 - 90 days past due — 1,650 — — — — 1,650 91 or more days past due — 1,293 — — — — 1,293 Total $ 12,384,417 $ 4,591 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,389,008 Total gross loans $ 1,277,149,256 The following tables provide a breakdown of the Company’s gross loans receivable by current payment performance on a contractual basis and year of origination at March 31, 2025: 58 Table of Contents Term Loans By Origination Loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 1,036,242,539 $ 43,391,314 $ 3,580,872 $ 112,427 $ 1,559 $ — $ 1,083,328,711 30 - 60 days past due 38,559,638 3,062,579 231,471 20,496 — — 41,874,184 61 - 90 days past due 30,254,181 2,750,211 235,759 11,600 — — 33,251,751 91 or more days past due 49,506,281 11,104,527 1,866,688 302,153 15,928 16,178 62,811,755 Total $ 1,154,562,639 $ 60,308,631 $ 5,914,790 $ 446,676 $ 17,487 $ 16,178 $ 1,221,266,401 Term Loans By Origination Tax advance loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 2,634,950 $ 111,585 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,746,535 30 - 60 days past due 1,477,465 15,502 — — — — 1,492,967 61 - 90 days past due — 19,812 — — — — 19,812 91 or more days past due — 110,203 — — — — 110,203 Total $ 4,112,415 $ 257,102 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,369,517 Total gross loans $ 1,225,635,918 The following tables provide a breakdown of the Company’s gross loans receivable by current payment performance on a contractual basis and year of origination at March 31, 2024: 59 Table of Contents Term Loans By Origination Loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 1,079,720,968 $ 54,770,231 $ 3,681,104 $ 39,921 $ 10,484 $ 1,371 $ 1,138,224,079 30 - 60 days past due 37,475,784 3,388,380 288,576 1,064 — — 41,153,804 61 - 90 days past due 26,191,269 2,903,253 208,172 3,430 204 — 29,306,328 91 or more days past due 41,978,436 12,147,320 1,805,223 99,134 35,059 10,865 56,076,037 Total $ 1,185,366,457 $ 73,209,184 $ 5,983,075 $ 143,549 $ 45,747 $ 12,236 $ 1,264,760,248 Term Loans By Origination Tax advance loans Up to 1 Year Ago Between 1 and 2 Years Ago Between 2 and 3 Years Ago Between 3 and 4 Years Ago Between 4 and 5 Years Ago More than 5 Years Ago Total Current $ 7,441,661 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 7,441,661 30 - 60 days past due 4,942,757 — — — — — 4,942,757 61 - 90 days past due — — — — — — — 91 or more days past due — 4,590 — — — — 4,590 Total $ 12,384,418 $ 4,590 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12,389,008 Total gross loans $ 1,277,149,256 The following table provides a breakdown of the Company’s gross charge-offs by fiscal year of origination for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023: 2025 Gross Charge-offs by Origination Origination Year Loans Tax advance loans Total 2020 and prior $ 25,437 $ — $ 25,437 2021 29,714 — 29,714 2022 797,055 — 797,055 2023 9,372,562 235 9,372,797 2024 113,281,140 3,774,832 117,055,972 2025 63,515,257 — 63,515,257 Total $ 187,021,165 $ 3,775,067 $ 190,796,232 60 Table of Contents 2024 Gross Charge-offs by Origination Origination Year Loans Tax advance loans Total 2019 and prior $ 17,352 $ — $ 17,352 2020 53,791 — 53,791 2021 301,162 — 301,162 2022 11,095,208 5,197 11,100,405 2023 132,745,783 1,287,512 134,033,295 2024 65,038,754 — 65,038,754 Total $ 209,252,050 $ 1,292,709 $ 210,544,759 2023 Gross Charge-offs by Origination Origination Year Loans Tax advance loans Total 2018 and prior $ 7,940 $ — $ 7,940 2019 33,698 — 33,698 2020 313,337 — 313,337 2021 4,663,908 18,716 4,682,624 2022 193,167,575 2,473,341 195,640,916 2023 101,668,877 32,753 101,701,630 Total $ 299,855,335 $ 2,524,810 $ 302,380,145 The allowance for credit losses is applied to amortized cost, which is defined as the amount at which a financing receivable is originated, and net of deferred fees and costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. Amortized cost also includes interest earned but not collected. Credit risk is inherent in the business of extending loans to borrowers and is continuously monitored by management and reflected within the allowance for credit losses for loans. The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of expected losses inherent within the Company’s gross loans receivable portfolio. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, loans with similar risk characteristics are aggregated into pools and collectively assessed. The Company’s loan products have generally the same terms; therefore, the Company looks to borrower characteristics as a way to disaggregate loans into pools sharing similar risks. In determining the allowance for credit losses, the Company examined four borrower risk metrics as noted below. 1. Borrower type 2. Active months 3. Prior loan performance 4. Customer Tenure To determine how well each metric predicts default risk, the Company used loss rate data over an observation period of twelve months at the loan level. The information value was then calculated for each metric. From this analysis, management determined the metric that had the strongest predictor of default risk was Customer Tenure. The Customer Tenure buckets used in the allowance for credit loss calculation are: 1. 0 to 5 months 2. 6 to 17 months 3. 18 to 35 months 61 Table of Contents 4. 36 to 59 months 5. 60+ months Management will continue to monitor this credit metric on a quarterly basis. Management estimates an allowance for each Customer Tenure bucket by performing a historical migration analysis of loans in that bucket for the twelve most recent historical twelve-month migration periods. Management considers whether current credit conditions might suggest a change is needed to the allowance for credit losses by monitoring trends in first pay success for NBs, 60-89 day delinquencies on a recency basis, percent of loan balances that are paying and percentage of gross loans that are acquired loans. If management determines that historical migration rates should be adjusted to reflect expected credit losses, a qualitative adjustment is made to reflect management's judgment regarding observable changes in recent or expected economic trends and conditions, portfolio composition, or other significant events or conditions that affect the current estimate. Due to the short term nature of the loan portfolio, forecasted changes in macro-economic variables, such as unemployment levels, general inflation and commodity prices, typically do not have a significant impact on loans outstanding at the end of a particular reporting period, unless those changes are particularly severe and sudden in nature. Therefore, management develops a reasonable and supportable forecast of losses by comparing the most recent six-month loss curves as compared to historical loss curves to see if there are significant changes in borrower behavior that may indicate the historical migration rates should be adjusted. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no conditions or other factors considered significant enough to warrant a forecast adjustment. The following table is an aging analysis on a recency basis at amortized cost of the Company’s gross loans receivable at March 31, 2025: Days Past Due - Recency Basis Customer Tenure Current 30 - 60 61 - 90 Over 90 Total Past Due Total Loans 0 to 5 months $ 77,087,815 $ 6,036,410 $ 6,587,901 $ 12,166,577 $ 24,790,888 $ 101,878,703 6 to 17 months 65,677,583 3,126,374 2,398,424 4,177,216 9,702,014 75,379,597 18 to 35 months 89,776,541 3,700,216 2,394,549 3,986,095 10,080,860 99,857,401 36 to 59 months 117,976,116 4,641,585 2,917,862 4,693,326 12,252,773 130,228,889 60+ months 758,435,883 21,563,504 13,334,622 20,587,802 55,485,928 813,921,811 Tax advance loans 2,772,634 1,504,446 22,376 70,061 1,596,883 4,369,517 Total gross loans 1,111,726,572 40,572,535 27,655,734 45,681,077 113,909,346 1,225,635,918 Unearned interest, insurance and fees ( 282,034,628 ) ( 7,588,025 ) ( 7,590,060 ) ( 12,107,391 ) ( 27,285,476 ) ( 309,320,104 ) Total net loans $ 829,691,944 $ 32,984,510 $ 20,065,674 $ 33,573,686 $ 86,623,870 $ 916,315,814 Percentage of period-end gross loans receivable 3.3 % 2.3 % 3.7 % 9.3 % The following table is an aging analysis on a recency basis at amortized cost of the Company’s gross loans receivable at March 31, 2024: 62 Table of Contents Days Past Due - Recency Basis Customer Tenure Current 30 - 60 61 - 90 Over 90 Total Past Due Total Loans 0 to 5 months $ 56,802,704 $ 4,720,149 $ 4,496,518 $ 7,680,197 $ 16,896,864 $ 73,699,568 6 to 17 months 60,634,735 3,155,423 2,075,608 3,750,973 8,982,004 69,616,739 18 to 35 months 126,843,010 5,057,256 3,224,662 5,215,800 13,497,718 140,340,728 36 to 59 months 165,694,013 6,159,335 3,519,743 6,026,202 15,705,280 181,399,293 60+ months 751,720,050 20,183,999 10,930,545 16,869,326 47,983,870 799,703,920 Tax advance loans 7,442,520 4,943,545 1,650 1,293 4,946,488 12,389,008 Total gross loans 1,169,137,032 44,219,707 24,248,726 39,543,791 108,012,224 1,277,149,256 Unearned interest, insurance and fees ( 301,616,958 ) ( 7,677,494 ) ( 6,674,554 ) ( 10,777,130 ) ( 25,129,178 ) ( 326,746,136 ) Total net loans $ 867,520,074 $ 36,542,213 $ 17,574,172 $ 28,766,661 $ 82,883,046 $ 950,403,120 Percentage of period-end gross loans receivable 3.5 % 1.9 % 3.1 % 8.5 % The following table provides a breakdown of the Company’s gross loans receivable by current payment performance on a contractual basis and year of origination at March 31, 2025: Days Past Due - Contractual Basis Loans Current 30 - 60 61 - 90 Over 90 Total Past Due Total Loans 0 to 5 months $ 75,594,279 $ 6,149,270 $ 6,896,035 $ 13,239,119 $ 26,284,424 $ 101,878,703 6 to 17 months 64,188,458 3,112,624 2,739,963 5,338,552 11,191,139 75,379,597 18 to 35 months 87,012,982 3,864,242 2,986,200 5,993,977 12,844,419 99,857,401 36 to 59 months 114,388,973 4,869,065 3,611,704 7,359,147 15,839,916 130,228,889 60+ months 742,144,019 23,878,983 17,017,849 30,880,960 71,777,792 813,921,811 Tax advance loans 2,746,535 1,492,967 19,812 110,203 1,622,982 4,369,517 Total gross loans 1,086,075,246 43,367,151 33,271,563 62,921,958 139,560,672 1,225,635,918 Unearned interest, insurance and fees ( 276,573,216 ) ( 7,561,258 ) ( 9,034,007 ) ( 16,151,623 ) ( 32,746,888 ) ( 309,320,104 ) Total net loans $ 809,502,030 $ 35,805,893 $ 24,237,556 $ 46,770,335 $ 106,813,784 $ 916,315,814 Percentage of period-end gross loans receivable 3.5 % 2.7 % 5.1 % 11.3 % The following table provides a breakdown of the Company’s gross loans receivable by current payment performance on a contractual basis and year of origination at March 31, 2024: 63 Table of Contents Days Past Due - Contractual Basis Loans Current 30 - 60 61 - 90 Over 90 Total Past Due Total Loans 0 to 5 months $ 55,572,691 $ 4,645,860 $ 4,784,273 $ 8,696,744 $ 18,126,877 $ 73,699,568 6 to 17 months 58,920,283 2,990,455 2,364,202 5,341,799 10,696,456 69,616,739 18 to 35 months 123,878,546 5,246,778 3,813,284 7,402,120 16,462,182 140,340,728 36 to 59 months 161,614,270 6,388,791 4,435,367 8,960,865 19,785,023 181,399,293 60+ months 738,238,289 21,881,920 13,909,202 25,674,509 61,465,631 799,703,920 Tax advance loans 7,441,661 4,942,757 — 4,590 4,947,347 12,389,008 Total gross loans 1,145,665,740 46,096,561 29,306,328 56,080,627 131,483,516 1,277,149,256 Unearned interest, insurance and fees ( 296,584,056 ) ( 7,544,366 ) ( 7,936,622 ) ( 14,681,092 ) ( 30,162,080 ) ( 326,746,136 ) Total net loans $ 849,081,684 $ 38,552,195 $ 21,369,706 $ 41,399,535 $ 101,321,436 $ 950,403,120 Percentage of period-end gross loans receivable 3.6 % 2.3 % 4.4 % 10.3 % The Company elected not to record an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest as outlined in ASC 326-20-30-5A. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that the full payment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms is no longer likely. The accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is 61 days or more past the contractual due date. When the interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against interest income. While a loan is on nonaccrual status, interest income is recognized only when a payment is received. Once a loan moves to nonaccrual status, it remains in nonaccrual status until it is paid out, charged off or refinanced. The following table presents unpaid accrued interest reversed against interest income by Customer Tenure for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024: Unpaid Accrued Interest Reversed Against Interest Income 2025 2024 Customer Tenure 0 to 5 months $ ( 5,983,271 ) $ ( 5,337,474 ) 6 to 17 months ( 2,960,850 ) ( 3,251,451 ) 18 to 35 months ( 3,025,057 ) ( 3,382,070 ) 36 to 59 months ( 3,272,098 ) ( 4,056,209 ) 60+ months ( 12,138,391 ) ( 10,494,632 ) Total $ ( 27,379,667 ) $ ( 26,521,836 ) 64 Table of Contents The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, as well as interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023: Nonaccrual Loans Receivable Customer Tenure As of March 31, 2025 As of March 31, 2024 Interest Income Recognized Fiscal 2025 Interest Income Recognized Fiscal 2024 Interest Income Recognized Fiscal 2023 0 to 5 months $ 19,169,040 $ 13,971,062 $ 791,235 $ 1,024,573 $ 2,032,098 6 to 17 months 8,510,132 8,507,503 986,271 1,522,705 1,815,167 18 to 35 months 10,024,500 12,569,729 1,495,744 1,730,680 2,385,356 36 to 59 months 12,151,649 15,250,596 1,837,922 2,364,522 2,357,340 60+ months 52,154,586 45,091,589 6,422,145 6,547,368 7,017,026 Unearned interest, insurance and fees ( 23,775,911 ) ( 21,517,317 ) — — — Total $ 78,233,996 $ 73,873,162 $ 11,533,317 $ 13,189,848 $ 15,606,987 As of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, there were no loans receivable 61 days or more past due, not on nonaccrual status, and no loans receivable on nonaccrual status with no related allowance for credit losses. The following is a summary of the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023: 2025 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 102,962,811 $ 125,552,733 $ 134,242,862 Provision for credit losses 169,215,395 156,973,220 259,463,199 Charge-offs 1 ( 190,796,232 ) ( 210,544,759 ) ( 302,380,145 ) Recoveries 2 21,965,155 30,981,617 34,226,817 Net charge-off ( 168,831,077 ) ( 179,563,142 ) ( 268,153,328 ) Balance at end of period $ 103,347,129 $ 102,962,811 $ 125,552,733 1 The Company saw a significant increase in charge-offs in fiscal 2023 primarily due to the higher proportion of NBs at the beginning of the fiscal year. Additionally, NBs originated in fiscal 2022 performed worse than expected as a result of the rapid rise in inflation during Q4 of fiscal 2022. Fiscal 2024 saw a significant decrease in charge-offs primarily due to the Company's continued focus on credit quality and a conservative approach to its lending operations. 2 Recoveries for the year ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 include $ 12.0 million, $ 19.3 million, and $ 15.8 million, respectively, in proceeds related to the sale of charge-offs, which are included as a component of Provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Of the $ 12.0 million in fiscal 2025, $ 1.5 million relates to bulk sales of charge-offs from prior periods and $ 10.5 million relates to recurring sales of charge-offs. Of the $ 19.3 million in fiscal 2024, $ 5.7 million relates to bulk sales of charge-offs from prior periods and $ 13.6 million relates to recurring sales of charge-offs. Of the $ 15.8 million in fiscal 2023, $ 8.4 million relates to bulk sales of charge-offs from prior periods and $ 7.4 million relates to recurring sales of charge-offs. 65 Table of Contents (3) Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of: March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 Land $ 100,443 $ 100,443 Building and leasehold improvements 20,869,323 20,155,951 Furniture and equipment 59,465,807 58,814,442 80,435,573 79,070,836 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization ( 60,669,785 ) ( 56,173,639 ) Total $ 19,765,788 $ 22,897,197 Depreciation expense was approximately $ 6.3 million, $ 6.7 million, and $ 6.2 million for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. (4) Intangible Assets The following table provides the gross carrying amount and related accumulated amortization of definite-lived intangible assets: March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Intangible Asset Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Intangible Asset Customer lists $ 55,858,615 $ ( 48,489,153 ) $ 7,369,462 $ 55,730,620 $ ( 44,796,996 ) $ 10,933,624 Non-compete agreements 10,534,749 ( 10,509,630 ) 25,119 10,528,143 ( 10,392,034 ) 136,109 Total $ 66,393,364 $ ( 58,998,783 ) $ 7,394,581 $ 66,258,763 $ ( 55,189,030 ) $ 11,069,733 The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for future fiscal years ended March 31 is as follows: $ 3.2 million for 2026; $ 2.7 million for 2027; $ 0.9 million for 2028; $ 0.4 million for 2029; $ 0.1 million for 2030; and an aggregate of $ 0.1 million for the years thereafter. (5) Goodwill As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, goodwill was $ 7.4 million. There were no goodwill additions during fiscal 2025 and 2024. The Company performed an annual impairment test during the fourth quarters of fiscal 2025 and 2024 and determined none of its recorded goodwill was impaired. 66 Table of Contents (6) Debt Senior Notes Payable; Revolving Credit Facility At March 31, 2025, the Company's senior notes payable consisted of a $ 580.0 million senior revolving credit facility, which has an accordion feature permitting the maximum aggregate commitments to increase to $ 730.0 million provided that certain conditions are met. At March 31, 2025, the Company had $ 262.5 million outstanding under the facility, not including $ 889.7 thousand in outstanding standby letters of credit which include (i) $ 300.0 thousand related to worker's compensation expiring on December 31, 2025 and (ii) $ 589.7 thousand related to the Company's investment in captive insurance expiring on April 12, 2026. Both letters of credit automatically extend for one year on their expiration dates. To the extent that a letter of credit is drawn upon, the disbursement will be funded by the credit facility. There are no amounts due related to the letters of credit as of March 31, 2025. Subject to a borrowing base formula, the Company may borrow at the rate of one month SOFR plus 0.10 % and an applicable margin of 3.5 %, with a minimum rate of 4.5 %. The revolving credit facility has a commitment fee of 0.50 % per annum on the unused portion of the commitment. Commitment fees on the unused portion of the borrowing totaled $ 1.6 million, $ 1.6 million, and $ 1.3 million for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility mature on June 7, 2026. For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 the Company’s effective interest rate, including the commitment fee, was 9.5 %, 9.9 %, and 7.0 %, respectively, and the unused amount available under the revolver at March 31, 2025 was $ 316.7 million. Substantially all of the Company's assets are pledged as collateral for borrowings under the revolving credit agreement. Senior Unsecured Notes Payable On September 27, 2021, we issued $ 300 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.0 % senior notes due 2026. The Notes were sold in a private placement in reliance on Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Notes are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by all of the Company’s existing and certain of its future subsidiaries that guarantee the revolving credit facility. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing May 1, 2022. At any time prior to November 1, 2023, the Company could have redeemed the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount plus a make-whole premium, as described in the indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption. At any time on or after November 1, 2023, the Company may redeem the Notes at redemption prices set forth in the indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption. In addition, at any time prior to November 1, 2023, the Company could have used the proceeds of certain equity offerings to redeem up to 40.0 % of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes issued under the indenture at a redemption price equal to 107.0 % of the principal amount of Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of redemption. We used the net proceeds from this offering to repay a portion of the outstanding indebtedness under our revolving credit facility and for general corporate purposes. During fiscal 2025, the Company repurchased and extinguished $ 89.0 million of its Notes, net of $ 0.6 million unamortized debt issuance costs related to the extinguished debt, on the open market for a reacquisition price of $ 88.0 million. During fiscal 2024, the Company repurchased and extinguished $ 15.7 million of its Notes, net of $ 0.2 million unamortized debt issuance costs related to the extinguished debt, on the open market for a reacquisition price of $ 14.1 million. During fiscal 2023, the Company repurchased and extinguished $ 9.0 million of its Notes, net of $ 0.1 million unamortized debt issuance costs related to the extinguished debt, on the open market for a reacquisition price of $ 7.2 million. As a result, the Company recognized a $ 1.0 million, $ 1.6 million and $ 1.8 million gain on extinguishment for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. In accordance with ASC 470, the Company recognized the gain on extinguishment as a component of interest expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Debt Covenants 67 Table of Contents The agreement governing the Company’s revolving credit facility contains affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to, among other things, incur or guarantee indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends and repurchase or redeem capital stock, dispose of assets, engage in mergers and consolidations, make acquisitions or other investments, redeem or prepay subordinated debt, amend subordinated debt documents, make changes in the nature of its business, and engage in transactions with affiliates. The agreement allows the Company to incur subordinated debt that matures after the termination date for the revolving credit facility and that contains specified subordination terms, subject to limitations on amount imposed by the financial covenants under the agreement. The agreement's financial covenants include (i) a minimum consolidated net worth of $ 325.0 million on and after December 31, 2020; (ii) a maximum ratio of total debt to consolidated adjusted net worth of 2.25 to 1.0 for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023 and each fiscal quarter thereafter; (iii) a maximum collateral performance indicator of 26.0 % as of the end of each calendar month; and (iv) a minimum fixed charges coverage ratio of 2.0 to 1.0 for the fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2023 through December 2024, and 2.25 to 1.0 for each fiscal quarter thereafter, where the ratio for the most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters must be at least 2.0 to 1.0 in order for the Company to declare dividends or purchase any class or series of its capital stock or other equity. The collateral performance indicator is equal to the sum of (a) a three-month rolling average rate of receivables at least sixty days past due and (b) an eight-month rolling average net charge-off rate. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2025 and does not believe that these covenants will materially limit its business and expansion strategy. The agreement contains events of default including, without limitation, nonpayment of principal, interest or other obligations, violation of covenants, misrepresentation, cross-default to other debt, bankruptcy and other insolvency events, judgments, certain ERISA events, actual or asserted invalidity of loan documentation, invalidity of subordination provisions of subordinated debt, certain changes of control of the Company, and the occurrence of certain regulatory events (including the entry of any stay, order, judgment, ruling or similar event related to the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ originating, holding, pledging, collecting or enforcing its eligible loans receivables that is material to the Company or any subsidiary) which remains unvacated, undischarged, unbonded or unstayed by appeal or otherwise for a period of 60 days from the date of its entry and is reasonably likely to cause a material adverse change. The indenture governing the Notes contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to (i) incur additional indebtedness or issue certain disqualified stock and preferred stock; (ii) pay dividends or distributions or redeem or purchase capital stock; (iii) prepay subordinated debt or make certain investments; (iv) transfer and sell assets; (v) create or permit to exist liens; (vi) enter into agreements that restrict dividends, loans and other distributions from their subsidiaries; (vii) engage in a merger, consolidation or sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets; and (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates. However, these covenants are subject to a number of important detailed qualifications and exceptions. Debt Maturities As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate annual maturities of the Company's debt arrangements for each of the five fiscal years subsequent to March 31, 2025 were as follows: 2026 $ — 2027 447,857,475 2028 — 2029 — 2030 — Total future debt payments $ 447,857,475 68 Table of Contents (7) Insurance and Other Income Insurance and other income for the years ending March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 consist of: 2025 2024 2023 Insurance revenue $ 49,471,282 $ 59,237,299 $ 67,153,063 Tax return preparation revenue 37,168,786 29,499,378 23,970,639 Auto club membership revenue 5,662,340 8,041,245 9,661,126 Other 7,448,540 7,907,619 7,424,855 Insurance and other income $ 99,750,948 $ 104,685,541 $ 108,209,683 The Company has a wholly-owned, captive insurance subsidiary that reinsures a portion of the credit insurance sold in connection with loans made by the Company. Certain coverages currently sold by the Company on behalf of the unaffiliated insurance carrier are ceded by the carrier to the captive insurance subsidiary, providing the Company with an additional source of income derived from the earned reinsurance premiums. Insurance premiums are ceded to the reinsurance subsidiary as written, and revenue is recognized over the life of the related insurance contracts. For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the amount of net written premiums by the reinsurance subsidiary were $ 6.1 million, $ 7.2 million, and $ 9.0 million, respectively, and the amount of earned premiums were $ 7.1 million, $ 8.2 million, and $ 9.1 million, respectively. The Company maintains a cash reserve for claims in an amount determined by the ceding company, and as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the cash reserves were $ 4.0 million and $ 4.9 million, respectively. (8) Non-filing Insurance The Company maintains non-filing insurance coverage with an unaffiliated insurance company. The following is a summary of the non-filing insurance activity for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023: 2025 2024 2023 Insurance premiums written $ 7,526,503 $ 7,103,355 $ 6,732,057 Recoveries on claims paid $ 981,984 $ 986,384 $ 1,143,332 Claims paid $ 7,399,215 $ 7,426,712 $ 12,026,092 (9) Leases Accounting Policies and Matters Requiring Management's Judgment When evaluating leases under Topic 842, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate on its senior notes payable to determine the discount rate. Specifically, Management applies its senior notes payable's effective annual interest rate at the end of the prior fiscal year to leases entered into in the following year. For example, the senior notes payable's effective annual interest rate of 9.9 % at March 31, 2024 was used as the discount rate when determining the lease type and the present value of lease payments for leases entered into in fiscal 2025. Based on its historical practice, the Company believes it is reasonably certain to exercise a given option associated with a given office space lease. Therefore, the Company classifies all lease options for office space as “reasonably certain” unless it has specific knowledge to the contrary for a given lease. The Company does not believe it is reasonably certain to exercise any options associated with its office equipment leases. Periodic Disclosures The Company's operating leases consist of real estate leases for office space as well as office equipment. Both the branch real estate and office equipment lease terms generally range from three years to five years , and generally contain options to extend which mirror the original terms of the lease. During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, the lease terms associated with the Company's finance leases expired and the Company exercised its purchase option to acquire the IT equipment. Because it was reasonably certain that the Company would obtain the assets at the end of their lease terms, the ROU assets were amortized over the useful life of the assets, rather than over the lease terms. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no finance leases. 69 Table of Contents The following table reports information about the Company's lease costs for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023: 2025 2024 2023 Lease Cost Finance lease cost $ — $ — $ 205,975 Amortization of ROU assets — — 204,552 Interest on lease liabilities — — 1,423 Operating lease cost $ 25,244,452 $ 25,291,087 $ 27,408,284 Variable lease cost 3,958,271 3,823,435 3,710,560 Total lease cost $ 29,202,723 $ 29,114,522 $ 31,324,819 The following table reports other information about the Company's leases for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023: 2025 2024 2023 Other Lease Information Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities $ 25,158,809 $ 25,292,363 $ 26,476,133 Operating cash flows from finance leases — — 1,423 Operating cash flows from operating leases 25,158,809 25,292,363 26,394,643 Financing cash flows from finance leases — — 80,067 ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 16,102,245 $ 18,024,157 $ 16,924,511 Weighted average remaining lease term — operating leases 6.4 years 6.8 years 7.1 years Weighted-average discount rate — operating leases 7.0 % 6.3 % 6.0 % The aggregate annual lease obligations as of March 31, 2025, are as follows: Operating Leases 2026 $ 22,960,545 2027 18,512,178 2028 14,992,110 2029 11,064,504 2030 7,436,457 Thereafter 22,969,812 Total undiscounted lease liability $ 97,935,606 Imputed interest 19,245,883 Total discounted lease liability $ 78,689,723 The Company had no leases with related parties as of March 31, 2025 or 2024. 70 Table of Contents (10) Income Taxes The Company recognizes the investment of the HTC under the proportional amortization method which allows the investment to be recognized in proportion to the tax credit as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, investment in HTC was $ 15.9 million and $ 24.8 million, respectively, which is included as a component of Other assets, net and Accounts payable and accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognized net amortization from these investments of $ 17.8 million and $ 8.8 million for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, in income tax expense. The Company recognized tax benefits from these investments of $ 19.6 million and $ 9.7 million during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, in income tax expense and in Income taxes payable in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company did not recognize any non-tax related activity or have any significant modifications to its investments during the current fiscal year. Income tax expense (benefit) consists of: Current Deferred Total Year ended March 31, 2025 Federal $ 21,453,743 $ ( 2,729,425 ) $ 18,724,318 State and local 3,138,466 381,195 3,519,661 $ 24,592,209 $ ( 2,348,230 ) $ 22,243,979 Year ended March 31, 2024 Federal $ 9,592,743 $ 8,325,695 $ 17,918,438 State and local 1,732,162 2,411,909 4,144,071 $ 11,324,905 $ 10,737,604 $ 22,062,509 Year ended March 31, 2023 Federal $ 7,135,030 $ ( 1,430,623 ) $ 5,704,407 State and local 880,838 ( 671,462 ) 209,376 $ 8,015,868 $ ( 2,102,085 ) $ 5,913,783 The differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21 % and the reported income tax expense for March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows: 2025 2024 2023 Expected income tax $ 23,516,929 $ 20,875,624 $ 5,700,613 Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from: State tax (excluding state tax credits), net of federal benefit 3,034,552 3,513,226 328,026 Federal tax credits, net ( 1,922,712 ) ( 1,034,091 ) ( 200,203 ) State tax credits ( 254,020 ) ( 239,410 ) ( 162,619 ) Uncertain tax positions 26,631 ( 16,802 ) ( 1,151,234 ) Expiration of capital loss carryforward — 7,773,559 — Executive compensation limitation under Section 162(m) 364,892 62,686 732,504 Forfeiture of the $ 20.45 Performance Shares and partial forfeiture of the $ 16.35 Performance Shares ( 2,587,552 ) — — Excess tax benefits related to equity compensation ( 182,098 ) ( 347,806 ) ( 73,644 ) Decrease in valuation allowance related to capital loss carryforward — ( 7,773,559 ) — Prior year adjustments ( 54,152 ) ( 1,135,270 ) 238,187 Other, net 301,509 384,352 502,153 $ 22,243,979 $ 22,062,509 $ 5,913,783 71 Table of Contents The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at March 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented below: 2025 2024 Deferred tax assets: Allowance for credit losses $ 25,693,205 $ 25,538,524 Unearned insurance commissions 9,407,895 10,944,327 Accrued expenses primarily related to employee benefits 6,181,990 10,234,369 Reserve for uncollectible interest 993,241 990,192 Lease liability 19,359,479 20,217,720 Intangible assets 1,965,939 1,701,995 Foreign tax credit carryforward 5,639,649 3,254,926 Capital loss carryforward 192,767 192,767 State net operating loss carryforwards 6,005,260 5,481,746 Gross deferred tax assets 75,439,425 78,556,566 Less valuation allowance ( 8,695,894 ) ( 8,094,712 ) Net deferred tax assets 66,743,531 70,461,854 Deferred tax liabilities: Fair value adjustment for loans receivable ( 7,713,732 ) ( 12,357,392 ) Property and equipment ( 3,510,245 ) ( 3,912,030 ) Deferred loan origination costs ( 1,366,926 ) ( 1,239,726 ) Prepaid expenses ( 1,529,317 ) ( 1,662,717 ) ROU assets ( 18,750,736 ) ( 19,619,875 ) Other ( 581,501 ) ( 727,270 ) Gross deferred tax liabilities ( 33,452,457 ) ( 39,519,010 ) Deferred income taxes, net $ 33,291,074 $ 30,942,844 At March 31, 2025, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 102.0 million. A deferred tax asset of approximately $ 6.0 million was recorded to reflect the benefit of these losses. Of this $ 6.0 million, $ 0.8 million is expected to be recognized. The state net operating loss carryforward will expire between 2031 and 2043. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets increased by $ 0.6 million for the year ended March 31, 2025 when compared to March 31, 2024. The valuation allowance at March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $ 8.7 million and $ 8.1 million, respectively. The valuation allowance against the total deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2025 consisted of $ 5.2 million from state net operating loss carryforwards in the amount of $ 83 million which expire from 2031 to 2043, a foreign tax credit carryforward of $ 3.3 million arising in relation to the Transition Tax during fiscal 2018 which expires in 2028, and $ 0.2 million related to the $ 0.9 million capital loss on the sale of the former headquarters buildings which expire from 2026 to 2027. The Company does not expect to generate enough foreign source income, state taxable income in the respective jurisdictions or capital gains in future tax years to realize these tax attributes. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. In order to fully realize the deferred tax asset, the Company will need to generate future taxable income of the appropriate character prior to the expiration of the deferred tax assets governed by the tax code. For each of the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Company had $ 1.1 million of total gross unrecognized tax benefits including interest. Of these totals, approximately $ 0.9 million, represents the amount of net unrecognized tax benefits that are permanent in nature and, if recognized, would affect the annual effective tax rate. 72 Table of Contents A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 are presented below: 2025 2024 2023 Unrecognized tax benefit balance beginning of year $ 748,289 $ 818,225 $ 1,616,116 Gross increases for tax positions of current year 73,696 105,531 129,146 Lapse of statute of limitations ( 81,369 ) ( 175,467 ) ( 927,037 ) Unrecognized tax benefit balance end of year $ 740,616 $ 748,289 $ 818,225 At March 31, 2025, approximately $ 0.4 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits are expected to be resolved during the next 12 months through settlements with taxing authorities or the expiration of the statute of limitations. The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. For each of the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Company had $ 0.3 million accrued for gross interest, of which $ 0.1 million represented the current period expense for each of the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. The Company is subject to U.S. income tax, as well as various other state and local jurisdictions. With the exception of a few states, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020, although carryforward attributes that were generated prior to 2020 may still be adjusted upon examination by the taxing authorities if they either have been or will be used in a future period. 73 Table of Contents (11) Earnings Per Share The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS calculations: For the year ended March 31, 2025 Income (Numerator) Shares (Denominator) Per Share Amount Basic EPS Net income available to common shareholders $ 89,741,398 5,425,483 $ 16.54 Effect of dilutive securities options and restricted stock — 81,502 Diluted EPS Net income available to common shareholders including dilutive securities $ 89,741,398 5,506,985 $ 16.30 For the year ended March 31, 2024 Income (Numerator) Shares (Denominator) Per Share Amount Basic EPS Net income available to common shareholders $ 77,345,227 5,748,554 $ 13.45 Effect of dilutive securities options and restricted stock — 113,346 Diluted EPS Net income available to common shareholders including dilutive securities $ 77,345,227 5,861,900 $ 13.19 For the year ended March 31, 2023 Income (Numerator) Shares (Denominator) Per Share Amount Basic EPS Net income available to common shareholders $ 21,231,990 5,749,492 $ 3.69 Effect of dilutive securities options and restricted stock — 149,178 Diluted EPS Net income available to common shareholders including dilutive securities $ 21,231,990 5,898,670 $ 3.60 Options to purchase 255,669 , 293,695 , and 333,072 shares of common stock at various prices were outstanding during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the option exercise price was antidilutive. 74 Table of Contents (12) Benefit Plans Retirement Plan The Company provides a defined contribution employee benefit plan (401(k) plan) covering full-time employees, whereby employees can invest up to the maximum designated for that year. The Company matches 50 % of each employee's contributions up to the first 6 % of the employee's eligible compensation, providing a maximum employer contribution of 3 % of compensation. The Company's expense under this plan was $ 1.6 million, $ 1.5 million, and $ 1.7 million, for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan The Company has instituted two supplemental executive retirement plans, which are non-qualified executive benefit plans in which the Company agrees to pay certain executives additional benefits in the future, usually at retirement, in return for continued employment by the executives. The SERPs are unfunded plans, and, as such, there are no specific assets set aside by the Company in connection with the establishment of the plans. The executives have no rights under the agreements beyond those of a general creditor of the Company. For each of the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, contributions of $ 0.5 million were charged to expense related to the SERP. The unfunded liability, which is included as a component of accounts payable and accrued expenses in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets was $ 5.3 million and $ 5.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the three years presented, the unfunded liability was estimated using the following assumptions: an annual salary increase of 3.5 % for all 3 years; a discount rate of 6.0 % for all 3 years; and a retirement age of 65 . Executive Deferred Compensation Plan The Company has an Executive Deferral Plan. Eligible executives and directors may elect to defer all or a portion of their incentive compensation to be paid under the Executive Deferral Plan. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, no executive or director had deferred any compensation under this plan. Stock Incentive Plans The Company maintains the 2008 Plan, the 2011 Plan, and the 2017 Plan for the benefit of certain directors, officers, and key employees. Under these plans, a total of 3,350,000 shares of authorized common stock have been reserved for issuance pursuant to grants approved by the Compensation Committee. Stock options granted under these plans have a maximum duration of ten years , may be subject to certain vesting requirements, which are generally three to six years for officers, non-employee directors, and key employees, and are priced at the market value of the Company's common stock on the option's grant date. At March 31, 2025 there were a total of 475,982 shares of common stock available for grant under the 2017 Plan. Stock-based compensation is recognized as provided under FASB ASC Topic 718-10 and FASB ASC Topic 505-50. FASB ASC Topic 718-10 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period) in the consolidated financial statements based on their grant date fair values. Stock-based compensation related to restricted stock is based on the number of shares expected to vest and the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date. Stock-based compensation related to stock option awards is based on the number of shares expected to vest and the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Under the Black-Scholes valuation method, the assumptions used to determine the fair value are expected volatility, expected life, average risk-free rate, and dividend yield, if any. The expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock for a period approximating the expected life. The expected life represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding after the grant date. The risk-free rate reflects the interest rate at grant date on zero coupon U.S. governmental bonds having a remaining life similar to the expected option term. 2018 Long-term Incentive Program and Non-Employee Director Awards On October 15, 2018, the Compensation Committee and Board approved and adopted a long-term incentive program that seeks to motivate and reward certain employees and to align management’s interest with shareholders’ by focusing executives on the achievement of long-term results. The program is comprised of four components: Service Options, Performance Options, Restricted Stock, and Performance Shares. 75 Table of Contents Pursuant to this program, in fiscal 2019, the Compensation Committee approved certain grants of Service Options, Performance Options, Restricted Stock and Performance Shares under the 2011 Plan and the 2017 Plan to certain employee directors, vice presidents of operations, vice presidents, senior vice presidents, and executive officers. Separately, the Compensation Committee approved certain grants of Service Options and Restricted Stock to certain non-employee directors of the Company. Under the long-term incentive program, up to 100 % of the shares of restricted stock subject to the Performance Shares shall vest, if at all, based on the achievement of two trailing earnings per share performance targets established by the Compensation Committee that are based on earnings per share (measured at the end of each calendar quarter, commencing with the calendar quarter ending September 30, 2019) for the previous four calendar quarters. The Performance Shares are eligible to vest over the 2018 Performance Share Measurement Period subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through the last day of the 2018 Performance Share Measurement Period (or as otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement). The Performance Share performance targets are set forth below. Trailing 4-Quarter EPS Targets for September 30, 2018 through March 31, 2025 Restricted Stock Eligible for Vesting (Percentage of Award) $ 16.35 40 % $ 20.45 60 % During the second quarter of fiscal 2025, it was determined that the $ 20.45 Performance Shares performance target was no longer probable of being achieved and that the $ 20.45 Performance Shares would likely be forfeited as of the last day of the performance period in accordance with their terms. As a result and in accordance with ASC 718, the Company reversed $ 18.5 million in previously recognized stock-based compensation related to the $ 20.45 Performance Shares during the second quarter of fiscal 2025. On March 31, 2025, 28 % of the unvested $ 16.35 Performance Shares, or 34,415 shares, were forfeited, which resulted in a $ 3.5 million release of previously recognized stock-based compensation expense, resulting in EPS of $ 16.36 per diluted share on a rolling four-quarter basis. Following the forfeiture, the performance target associated with the remaining 72 % of the $ 16.35 Performance Shares, or 88,497 shares, was achieved, and such shares vested on April 25, 2025 after certification of performance achievement by the Compensation Committee. The Restricted Stock awards typically vest in three to six equal annual installments, beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date, subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through each applicable vesting date or otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement. The Service Options typically vest in three equal annual installments, beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date, subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through each applicable vesting date or otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement. The option price is equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date and the Service Options shall have a 10 -year term. The Performance Options shall fully vest if the Company attains the trailing earnings per share target over four consecutive calendar quarters occurring between September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2025 as described below. Such performance target was established by the Compensation Committee and will be measured at the end of each calendar quarter commencing on September 30, 2019. The Performance Options are eligible to vest over the 2018 Performance Measurement Period, subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through the last day of the 2018 Performance Measurement Period or as otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement. The option price is equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date and the Performance Options shall have a 10 -year term. The Performance Option performance target is set forth below. 76 Table of Contents Trailing 4-Quarter EPS Targets for September 30, 2018 through March 31, 2025 Options Eligible for Vesting (Percentage of Award) $ 25.30 100 % During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, it was determined that the Performance Option performance target was no longer probable of being achieved. As a result and in accordance with ASC 718, the Company reversed $ 4.9 million in previously recognized stock-based compensation related to these Performance Options during the second quarter of fiscal 2024. 2024 Long-term Incentive Program and Non-Employee Director Awards On December 18, 2024, the Compensation Committee and Board approved certain grants of Service Options, Performance Options, Restricted Stock and Performance Shares under the 2017 Plan to certain employee directors, vice presidents of operations, vice presidents, senior vice presidents, and executive officers. Separately, the Compensation Committee approved certain grants of Restricted Stock to certain non-employee directors of the Company. Up to 100 % of the shares of restricted stock subject to the Performance Shares will vest, if at all, based on the achievement of certain performance goals established by the Compensation Committee related to company operational performance metrics during the 2024 Performance Share Measurement Period, for which achievement must be certified by the Compensation Committee. The Performance Shares are eligible to vest over the 2024 Performance Share Measurement Period, subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through the last day of the 2024 Performance Share Measurement Period or otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement. The Restricted Stock awards fully vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through the vesting date or otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement. The Service Options vest in three equal annual installments, beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date, subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through each applicable vesting date or otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement. The option price is equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date and the Service Options have a 10 -year term. Up to 100 % of the Performance Options will vest, if at all, based on the achievement of certain performance goals established by the Compensation Committee related to company operational performance metrics during the 2024 Performance Option Measurement Period, for which achievement must be certified by the Compensation Committee. The Performance Options typically vest in three equal annual installments, beginning on January 30, 2026, subject to each respective employee’s continued employment at the Company through each applicable vesting date or otherwise provided under the terms of the applicable award agreement or applicable employment agreement. The option price is equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date and the Performance Options have a 10 -year term. Stock Options The weighted-average fair value at the grant date for options issued during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $ 58.73 , $ 69.00 , and $ 53.57 per share, respectively. This fair value was estimated at grant date using the weighted-average assumptions listed below. 2025 2024 2023 Dividend yield — % — % — % Expected volatility 59.50 % 62.55 % 57.21 % Average risk-free interest rate 4.38 % 4.69 % 3.64 % Expected life 4.5 years 4.6 years 5.8 years 77 Table of Contents Option activity for the year ended March 31, 2025 was as follows: Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value Options outstanding, beginning of year 267,947 $ 105.77 Granted 39,661 112.57 Exercised ( 25,268 ) 93.34 Forfeited ( 111,637 ) 3 100.84 Expired ( 1,549 ) 206.52 Options outstanding, end of period 169,154 4 $ 111.55 5.66 $ 3,469,093 Options exercisable, end of period 127,951 $ 111.15 4.37 $ 2,881,327 The aggregate intrinsic value reflected in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on March 31, 2025 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options that are currently exercisable) that would have been received by option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of March 31, 2025. This amount will change as the stock's market price changes. The total intrinsic value and tax benefit of options exercised during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows: 2025 2024 2023 Intrinsic value of options exercised $ 961,758 $ 1,556,871 $ 493,418 Tax benefit of options exercised $ 235,631 $ 381,433 $ 120,887 The total fair value of stock options vested during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were $ 2,193,533 , $ 2,466,706 and 2,602,858 , respectively. As of March 31, 2025, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options amounted to approximately $ 1.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.3 years. Restricted Stock and Performance Shares During fiscal 2025, the Company granted 71,186 shares of restricted stock (which are equity classified), to certain vice presidents, senior vice presidents, executive officers, and non-employee directors with a grant date weighted average fair value of $ 111.64 per share. During fiscal 2024, the Company granted 3,993 shares of restricted stock (which are equity classified) to certain vice presidents and senior vice presidents with a grant date weighted average fair value of $ 120.12 per share. During fiscal 2023, the Company granted 3,250 shares of restricted stock (which are equity classified) to certain vice presidents with a grant date weighted average fair value of $ 129.85 per share. The total fair value of restricted stock vested during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were $ 7,293,854 , $ 7,796,666 , and $ 6,721,492 , respectively. As of March 31, 2025, there was approximately $ 5.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over the next 0.7 years based on current estimates. 3 As the $ 25.30 Performance Options performance target was not met as of March 31, 2025, 100 % of the outstanding shares associated with this performance award, or 102,925 shares, were forfeited as of March 31, 2025. 4 Of the 169,154 options outstanding, 15,703 are not yet exercisable based solely on fulfilling a service condition and another 25,500 are not yet exercisable based solely on fulfilling the performance condition associated with the Performance Options granted on December 18, 2024. 78 Table of Contents A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock as of March 31, 2025 and changes during the year ended March 31, 2025, are presented below: Shares Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Date Outstanding at March 31, 2024 388,577 $ 101.18 Granted during the period 71,186 111.64 Vested during the period ( 62,577 ) 104.08 Forfeited during the period ( 237,503 ) 5 100.64 Outstanding at March 31, 2025 159,683 $ 105.52 Total Stock-Based Compensation Total stock-based compensation included as a component of personnel expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was as follows: 2025 2024 2023 Stock-based compensation related to equity classified units: Stock-based compensation (reversal) related to stock options $ 607,275 $ ( 3,754,209 ) $ 2,442,309 Stock-based compensation (reversal) related to restricted stock ( 20,296,243 ) 2,071,122 6,610,526 Total stock-based compensation related to equity classified awards $ ( 19,688,968 ) $ ( 1,683,087 ) $ 9,052,835 5 As the $ 20.45 Performance Shares performance target was not met as of March 31, 2025, 100 % of the outstanding shares associated with this performance award, or 185,088 shares, were forfeited as of March 31, 2025. Additionally, 34,415 of the 122,912 outstanding shares associated with the $ 16.35 Performance Shares performance target were forfeited. 79 Table of Contents (13) Acquisitions The Company evaluates each set of assets and activities it acquires to determine if the set meets the definition of a business according to FASB ASC Topic 805-10-55. Acquisitions meeting the definition of a business are accounted for as a business combination while all other acquisitions are accounted for as an asset purchase. The following table sets forth the acquisition activity of the Company for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023: 2025 2024 2023 Acquisitions: Number of loan portfolios acquired through asset purchases 6 1 50 Purchase price $ 18,947,294 $ 1,978,815 $ 23,131,758 Tangible assets: Loans receivable, net 18,812,693 2,133,410 28,322,554 Purchase price amount over (below) carrying value of net tangible assets 6 $ 134,601 $ ( 154,595 ) $ ( 5,190,796 ) Customer lists $ 127,995 $ — $ — Non-compete agreements 6,606 — — Acquisitions that are accounted for as business combinations typically result in one or more new branches. In such cases, the Company typically retains the existing employees and the branch location from the acquisition. The purchase price is allocated to the tangible assets and intangible assets acquired based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The remainder is allocated to goodwill. Acquisitions that are accounted for as asset purchases are typically limited to acquisitions of loan portfolios. The purchase price is allocated to the tangible assets and intangible assets acquired based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. In an asset purchase, no goodwill is recorded. When the cost of an asset acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired, the benefit is allocated to nonmonetary long-lived assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. However, any assets for which the subsequent application of GAAP would result in an immediate gain (e.g., financial assets, assets held for sale) are not allocated a portion of the cost below fair value. During the year ended March 31, 2025, the remaining benefit was recorded as a discount on purchase, which is a component of Unearned interest, insurance and fees in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, and amortized over the life of loans receivable acquired, which resulted in a $ 1.0 million discount on loans acquired in asset purchases of which $ 0.6 million was amortized to interest income. The Company’s acquisitions include tangible assets (generally loans and furniture and equipment) and intangible assets (generally non-compete agreements, customer lists, and goodwill), both of which are recorded at their fair values, which are estimated pursuant to the processes described below. Acquired loans are valued at the net loan balance. Given the short-term nature of these loans, generally less than twelve months , and that these loans are priced at current rates, management believes the net loan balances approximate their fair value. Under CECL, acquired loans are included in the reserve calculations for all loan types (excluding TALs). Management includes recent acquisition activity compared to historical activity when considering reasonable and supportable forecasts as it relates to assessing the adequacy of the allowance for expected credit losses. The Company did not acquire any loans that would qualify as PCDs during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. Furniture and equipment are valued at the specific purchase price as agreed to by both parties at the time of acquisition, which management believes approximates their fair values. 6 For acquisitions of loan portfolios at a discount during the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a $ 154.6 thousand gain before income tax of $ 41.9 thousand and a $ 5.2 million gain before income tax of $ 1.2 million, respectively, which is included as a component of Insurance and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. 80 Table of Contents Non-compete agreements are valued at the stated amount paid to the other party for these agreements, which the Company believes approximates the fair values. Customer lists are valued with a valuation model that utilizes the Company’s historical data to estimate the value of any acquired customer lists. The results of all acquisitions have been included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements since the respective acquisition date. The pro forma impact of these branches as though they had been acquired at the beginning of the periods presented would not have a material effect on the results of operations as reported. (14) Fair Value Fair Value Disclosures The Company may carry certain financial instruments and derivative assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value measurements are grouped in three levels. The levels prioritize the inputs used to measure the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These levels are: • Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for assets and liabilities, either directly or indirectly. These inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are less active. • Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for assets or liabilities reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, loans receivable, the senior notes payable, and the senior unsecured notes payable. Loans receivable are originated at prevailing market rates and have an average life of up to twelve months. Given the short-term nature of these loans, they are continually repriced at current market rates. The Company’s senior notes payable, consisting of a senior revolving credit facility, has a variable rate based on a margin over SOFR and reprices with any changes in SOFR. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes payable is estimated based on quoted prices in markets that are not active. The Company also considered its creditworthiness in its determination of fair value. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities disclosed but not carried at fair value and their level within the fair value hierarchy are summarized below. March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024 Input Level Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents 1 $ 9,730,296 $ 9,730,296 $ 11,839,460 $ 11,839,460 Loans receivable, net 3 812,968,685 812,968,685 847,440,309 847,440,309 LIABILITIES Senior unsecured notes payable 2 184,418,211 182,754,759 272,609,632 254,208,482 Senior notes payable 3 262,451,475 262,451,475 223,419,132 223,419,132 There were no significant assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and 2024. 81 Table of Contents (15) Quarterly Information (Unaudited) The following sets forth selected quarterly operating data: Fiscal 2025 Fiscal 2024 First Second Third Fourth First Second Third Fourth (Dollars in thousands, except for earnings per share data) Total revenues $ 129,527 $ 131,410 $ 138,633 $ 165,272 $ 139,324 $ 136,875 $ 137,750 $ 159,265 Provision for credit losses 45,419 46,669 44,103 33,024 46,602 40,463 40,632 29,276 General and administrative expenses 61,412 46,355 67,223 65,940 68,125 62,948 65,909 71,619 Interest expense 9,769 10,457 11,294 11,190 12,242 12,543 11,690 11,757 Income tax expense 2,980 5,800 2,624 10,840 2,816 4,839 2,853 11,555 Net income $ 9,947 $ 22,129 $ 13,389 $ 44,278 $ 9,539 $ 16,082 $ 16,666 $ 35,058 Net income per common share: Basic $ 1.82 $ 4.05 $ 2.46 $ 8.33 $ 1.65 $ 2.78 $ 2.89 6.19 Diluted $ 1.79 $ 3.99 $ 2.45 $ 8.13 $ 1.62 $ 2.71 $ 2.84 6.09 The Company's highest loan demand occurs generally from October through December, its third fiscal quarter. Loan demand is generally lowest and loan repayment highest from January to March, its fourth fiscal quarter. Consequently, the Company experiences significant seasonal fluctuations in its operating results and cash needs. Operating results from the Company's third fiscal quarter are generally lower than in other quarters and operating results for its fourth fiscal quarter are generally higher than in other quarters. (16) Commitments and Contingencies From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation matters relating to claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. Estimating an amount or range of possible losses resulting from litigation, government actions, and other legal proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages, may involve fines, penalties, or damages that are discretionary in amount, involve a large number of claimants or significant discretion by regulatory authorities, represent a change in regulatory policy or interpretation, present novel legal theories, are in the early stages of the proceedings, are subject to appeal or could result in a change in business practices. In addition, because most legal proceedings are resolved over extended periods of time, potential losses are subject to change due to, among other things, new developments, changes in legal strategy, the outcome of intermediate procedural and substantive rulings and other parties’ settlement posture and their evaluation of the strength or weakness of their case against us. For these reasons, we are currently unable to predict the ultimate timing or outcome of, or reasonably estimate the possible losses or a range of possible losses resulting from, any currently pending claims. Based on information currently available, the Company does not believe that any reasonably possible losses arising from currently pending legal matters will be material to the Company’s results of operations or financial conditions. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in such matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period. 82 Table of Contents (17) Subsequent Events On April 25, 2025, 72 % of the shares subject to the $ 16.35 Performance Shares, or 88,497 shares, vested after certification of performance achievement by the Compensation Committee. On April 30, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $ 20.0 million of its outstanding common stock inclusive of any amount that remains available for repurchase under prior repurchase authorizations. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements, available funds, alternative uses of capital, restrictions under the Revolving Credit Agreement, and other market and economic conditions. The Company’s stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. Management is not aware of any other significant events occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date that would have a material effect on the financial statements thereby requiring adjustment or disclosure. 83 Table of Contents MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a – 15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We have assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025. Our assessment was based on criteria established in the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and board of directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, any assumptions regarding internal control over financial reporting in future periods based on an evaluation of effectiveness in a prior period are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Based on using the COSO criteria, we believe our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025 was effective. Our independent registered public accounting firm has audited the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report and has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report. By: /s/ R. Chad Prashad By: /s/ John L. Calmes, Jr. R. Chad Prashad John L. Calmes, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial and Strategy Officer Date: May 22, 2025 Date: May 22, 2025 84 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of World Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of World Acceptance Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and schedules (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated May 22, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Allowance for Credit Losses As described in Notes 1 and 2 to the financial statements, the Company established an allowance for credit losses of $103.3 million as of March 31, 2025, which was estimated using the Company’s current expected credit loss (CECL) model. The Company’s CECL model estimates the allowance for credit losses for each Customer Tenure bucket using a historical migration analysis for the twelve most recent historical twelve-month migration periods. The Company’s CECL model also includes a reserve at 100% of the outstanding balance of all loans, except for tax advance loans, greater than 90 days past due on a recency basis and not written off as of the reporting date, net of a calculated Rehab Rate. Management considers whether current credit conditions might suggest a change is needed to the allowance for credit losses by monitoring trends in first pay success for new borrowers, 60-89 day delinquencies on a recency basis, percent of loan balances that are paying, and percentage of gross loans that are acquired loans as compared to metrics in the historical migration period. If management determines that historical migration rates should be adjusted to reflect expected credit losses, a qualitative adjustment is made to reflect management’s judgment regarding observable changes in recent or expected economic trends and conditions, portfolio composition, or other significant events or conditions that affect the current estimate. Management also utilizes a reasonable and supportable forecast by comparing the most recent six-month loss curves to historical loss curves to see if there are significant changes in borrower behavior that may indicate the historical migration rates should be adjusted. Management utilized significant judgment in developing qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts. 85 Table of Contents We identified the qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts of the allowance for credit losses as a critical audit matter, as auditing management’s judgments of qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts required a high degree of auditor judgment and increased extent of audit effort. Our audit procedures related to the Company’s estimate of qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts of the allowance for credit losses, included the following, among others: • We obtained an understanding of the relevant controls related to the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2025, and tested such controls for design and operating effectiveness, in particular, those controls over (a) quarterly review and approval of the appropriateness of the key assumptions of the CECL model, and (b) the quarterly management review control providing approval of the allowance for credit losses, both of which cover the Company’s development of qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts. • We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s methodology, including the relevance of data inputs utilized, in developing qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts. • We tested the completeness and accuracy of data inputs utilized by management in developing qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts by comparing to internal and external source data and documents. • We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s conclusions regarding whether adjustments to historical migration rates were necessary for qualitative factors and reasonable and supportable forecasts. /s/ RSM US LLP We have served as the Company's auditor since 2014 . Raleigh, North Carolina May 22, 2025 86 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of World Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries Opinion on the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited World Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries’ (the Company’s) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and our report dated May 22, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ RSM US LLP Raleigh, North Carolina May 22, 2025 87 Table of Contents Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure The Company had no disagreements on accounting or financial disclosure matters with its independent registered public accounting firm to report under this Item 9.