Verrica Pharmaceuticals Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with (i) our unaudited interim financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) our audited financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 29, 2024. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We own various U.S. federal trademark applications and unregistered trademarks, including our company name and YCANTH. All other trademarks or trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this report are referred to without the symbols ® and ™ , but such references should not be construed as an indication that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. Forward-Looking Statements This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “plan,” “seek” or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth in this Quarterly Report under Part II - Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and in our other filings with the SEC. Overview We are a dermatology therapeutics company developing and selling medications for skin diseases requiring medical intervention. We are primarily focused on developing clinician administered therapies in areas of high unmet need. Our current product portfolio consists of one approved product with several potential follow-on indications, as well as two additional pipeline products. Our commercial product, YCANTH (VP102) (formerly referred to as VP-102), was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, in July 2023 for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older. YCANTH (VP-102) is a proprietary drug-device combination that contains a GMP-controlled formulation of cantharidin. We are also developing YCANTH (VP-102) for potential follow-on indications for the treatment of common warts and external genital warts. Our two additional product candidates are: (i) VP-315 an oncolytic peptide-based injectable therapy for the potential treatment of dermatology oncologic conditions, including basal cell carcinoma, and (ii) VP-103, a second cantharidin based drug device combination for the potential treatment of plantar warts. On July 21, 2023, YCANTH (cantharidin) 0.7% topical solution was the first product approved by the FDA for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older. We commercially launched YCANTH (VP-102) in August 2023 in the United States for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. We have built a specialized sales organization consisting of 77 sales representatives in the United States focused on pediatric dermatologists, dermatologists, and select pediatricians. We also plan to advance YCANTH (VP-102) for common warts and external genital warts through a separate regulatory approval process. In the future, we also intend to pursue commercialization for YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum, as well as YCANTH (VP-102) for common warts and genital warts if approved, in additional geographic regions, either alone or together with a strategic partner. We are also developing YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts. In June 2019, we announced positive topline results from our COVE-1 Phase 2 open label clinical trial of YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts. COVE-1 included two cohorts that evaluated the safety and efficacy of YCANTH (VP-102) in subjects with up to six warts. We held a Type C meeting with FDA on clinical development plan for YCANTH (VP-102) common warts indication on November 6, 2023. The meeting resulted in gaining alignment on the design of a pivotal Phase 3 clinical development plan to evaluate YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts. We continue to evaluate the timing and design of a Phase 3 trial of YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts, and we plan to seek additional guidance from the FDA in the second quarter of this year. In addition, we are also developing YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of external genital warts. We initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating the optimal dose regimen, efficacy, safety and tolerability of YCANTH (VP-102) in patients with external genital warts in June 2019. In November 2020, we announced positive topline results from our Phase 2 clinical trial of YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of external genital warts. An end of Phase 2 meeting was held with the FDA in May 2021. Based on 14 results of the Phase 2 trial, we are evaluating the timing and design of a Phase 3 trial of YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of external genital warts. We also intend to develop our product candidate, VP-315, for the treatment of dermatological oncology indications. The FDA accepted our investigational new drug application in November 2021. In April 2022, we dosed the first patient in Part 1 of a three-part Phase 2, multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation proof-of-concept trial with a safety run-in designed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in subjects with biopsy proven basal cell carcinoma. In Part 1 of the trial, VP-315 demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile with no reported serious adverse events. We initiated Part 2 of the trial in April 2023. In June 2023, the protocol was amended to remove Part 3 of the trial and to expand Part 2. The last patient in Part 2 of the trial was dosed in December 2023 and we expect top-line results from this trial in the second quarter of 2024. In addition, we have conducted necessary drug development activities for VP-103, our second cantharidin-based product candidate, and are evaluating when to initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial for the treatment of plantar warts. Since our inception in 2013, our operations have focused on developing YCANTH (VP-102), organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, establishing our intellectual property portfolio and conducting clinical trials. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity and equity-linked securities and through borrowings under loan agreements. On July 26, 2023, we entered into a Credit Agreement with OrbiMed, or the Initial Lender, and each other lender that may from time to time become a party thereto, or the Lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year senior secured credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $125.0 million, or the Loan Facility, of which we borrowed $50.0 million on July 26, 2023, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $44.1 million after payment of certain fees and transaction related expenses. In addition, subject to our achievement of certain revenue targets, up to $25.0 million will be made available on or prior to June 30, 2024, up to $30.0 million will be made available on or prior to December 31, 2024, up to $10.0 million will be made available on or prior to March 31, 2025, and up to $10.0 million will be made available on or prior to June 30, 2025. Amounts borrowed under the Loan Facility will mature on July 26, 2028. As part of the Loan Facility, we issued the Initial Lender a warrant to purchase up to 518,551 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $6.0264 per share, which have a term of 10 years from the issuance date. In February 2023, we closed an underwritten offering of 750,000 shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,064,814 shares of common stock. The shares of common stock were sold at a price of $6.75 per share and the pre-funded warrants were sold at a price of $6.7499 per pre-funded warrant, resulting in total net proceeds of $30.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and offering expenses. Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our net loss was $20.3 million and $6.6 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $250.8 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase significantly in connection with our ongoing activities, as we: • continue commercialization of YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum; • continue our ongoing clinical program evaluating VP-315 for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and potentially additional dermatological oncology indications; • continue our ongoing clinical programs evaluating YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts and external genital warts, as well as initiate and complete additional clinical trials, as needed; • initiate clinical trials evaluating VP-103 for the treatment of plantar warts; • pursue regulatory approvals for YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts, external genital warts, or any other indications we may pursue for YCANTH (VP-102), as well as for VP-103 or VP -315; • seek to discover and develop additional product candidates; • further establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up external manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum and any other product candidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval, including YCANTH for external genital warts and common warts, VP- 315 and VP-103; • seek to in-license or acquire additional product candidates for other dermatological conditions; • adapt our regulatory compliance efforts to incorporate requirements applicable to marketed products; • maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; • hire additional commercial, administrative, clinical, manufacturing and scientific personnel; 15 • add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product development and planned commercialization efforts; and • incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses while operating as a public company. Critical Accounting Estimates Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the balance sheets and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods. In accordance with GAAP, we evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. A summary of our significant accounting policies are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. However, we believe that the additional accounting policies disclosed in Note 2 to our financial statement are important to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. Components of Results of Operations Product Revenue, Net We recognize revenue from sales of YCANTH (VP-102), or the Product, in accordance with ASC Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers. YCANTH (VP-102) became available for commercial sale and shipment for the treatment of patients by a healthcare provider in the United States in the year ended December 31, 2023. We sell the Product primarily to one pharmaceutical wholesaler/distributor, or the Customer who in turn sells the Product directly to clinics, hospitals, and federal healthcare programs. Revenue is recognized as the Product is physically delivered to the Customer. Gross product sales are reduced by corresponding gross-to-net, or GTN, estimates using the expected value method, resulting in our reported “Product revenue, net” in the accompanying statements of operations. Product revenue, net reflects the amount we ultimately expect to realize in net cash proceeds, taking into account the current period gross sales and related cash receipts and the subsequent cash disbursements on these sales that we estimate for the various GTN categories. The GTN estimates are based upon information received from external sources, such as written or oral information obtained from our customers with respect to their period-end inventory levels and sales to end-users during the period, in combination with management’s informed judgments. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, the actual amount of product returns, government chargebacks, prompt pay discounts, commercial rebates, Medicaid rebates, co-pay assistance and distribution, data, and group purchasing organizations, or GPOs, administrative fees may be materially above or below the amount estimated. Variance between actual amounts and estimated amounts may result in prospective adjustments to reported net product revenue. Collaboration Revenue Collaboration revenue represents revenue from the Torii Agreement pursuant to which we granted Torii an exclusive license to develop and commercialize our product candidates that contain a topical formulation of cantharidin for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum and common warts in Japan, including YCANTH (VP-102). Operating Expenses Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in sales, executive and administrative functions, including stock-based compensation, travel expenses and recruiting expenses. Other selling, general and administrative expenses include cost of samples, sponsorships, consumer and health care professional marketing and advertising expense, insurance costs, and professional fees for audit, tax and legal services. We anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses, including payroll and related expenses, will increase in the future as we continue to increase our headcount to support the expected growth in our business, expand our operations and organizational capabilities, and continue to commercialize YCANTH (VP-102). We also anticipate increased expenses associated with general operations, including costs related to audit, tax and legal services, director and officer insurance premiums, and investor relations costs. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in connection with the discovery and development of YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum, potential follow-on indications for YCANTH (VP-102), including 16 external genital warts and common warts, and our other product candidates. We expense research and development costs as incurred. These expenses include: • expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations, or CROs, as well as investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials and preclinical studies; • manufacturing and supply scale-up expenses and the cost of acquiring and manufacturing preclinical and clinical trial supply and commercial supply, including manufacturing validation batches; • outsourced professional scientific development services; • employee-related expenses, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation; • expenses relating to regulatory activities; and • laboratory materials and supplies used to support our research activities. Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. We expect our research and development expenses to increase over the next several years as we increase personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, initiate and conduct clinical trials of YCANTH (VP-102) in patients with common warts, YCANTH (VP-102) in patients with external genital warts, VP-315 for dermatological oncology indications,VP-103 in patients with plantar warts, and conduct other clinical trials and prepare regulatory filings for our product candidates. The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the remainder of the development of, or when, if ever, material net cash inflows may commence from YCANTH (VP-102) or our other product candidates. This uncertainty is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the duration and cost of clinical trials, which vary significantly over the life of a project as a result of many factors, including: • the number of clinical sites included in the trials; • the length of time required to enroll suitable patients; • the number of patients that ultimately participate in the trials; • the number of doses patients receive; • the duration of patient follow-up; and • the results of our clinical trials. Our expenditures are subject to additional uncertainties, including the manufacturing process for our product candidates, the terms and timing of regulatory approvals, and the expense of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims or other intellectual property rights. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory approval for our product candidates. We may obtain unexpected results from our clinical trials. We may e lect to discontinue, delay or modify clinical trials of our product candidates. A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. For example, if the FDA or other regulatory authorities were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those that we currently anticipate, or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any of our clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development . Cost of Product Revenue Cost of product revenue includes the cost of inventory sold, which includes direct manufacturing and supply chain costs. Prior to FDA approval, all product purchased from such suppliers was included as a component of research and development expense, as we were unable to assert that the inventory had future economic benefit until YCANTH (VP-102) received FDA approval. We purchased and included in research and development expenses approximately $4.5 million of raw cantharidin and processed active pharmaceutical ingredient ("API"). The raw cantharidin and processed API is sufficient to produce approximately 14 million finished drug product applicators to be used for commercially saleable product and other product candidates. In addition, we purchased other components and services related to YCANTH (VP-102) for commercially saleable product and included approximately $1.2 million in research and development expenses prior to FDA approval. As a result, cost of product revenue related to YCANTH (VP-102) will initially reflect a lower average per unit cost of materials over approximately the next nine months as previously expensed inventory is utilized for commercial production and sold to customers. If we included those costs previously expensed as a component of cost of product revenue, our cost of product revenue for three months ended March 31, 2024 would have been $0.7 million. Cost of Collaboration Revenue The costs of collaboration revenue consists of payments for manufacturing supply to support development and testing services pursuant to the Torii Clinical Supply Agreement. 17 Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Change Total revenue Product revenue, net $ 3,232 $ — $ 3,232 Collaboration revenue 594 37 557 Total revenue 3,826 37 3,789 Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative 16,339 4,319 12,020 Research and development 4,948 2,739 2,209 Cost of product revenue 546 — 546 Cost of collaboration revenue 592 68 524 Total operating expenses 22,425 7,126 15,299 Loss from operations (18,599 ) (7,089 ) (11,510 ) Other income (expense): Interest income 598 500 98 Interest expense (2,319 ) — (2,319 ) Other expense (11 ) — (11 ) Total other (expense) income, net (1,732 ) 500 (2,232 ) Net loss $ (20,331 ) $ (6,589 ) $ (13,742 ) Product Revenue, Net Product revenue, net was $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and relates to the delivery of YCANTH (VP-102) to FFF, our distribution partner. YCANTH (VP-102), our first FDA approved product, became available for commercial sale in August 2023. Collaboration Revenue Collaboration revenue was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $37,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Both of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, collaboration revenue consisted of supplies and development activity with Torii. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses were $16.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase of $12.0 million was primarily due to higher expenses related to commercial activities for YCANTH (VP-102), including increased compensation, recruiting fees, benefits and travel due to ramp-up of sales force of $6.2 million, increased marketing and sponsorship costs of $2.3 million, other commercial activity of $1.9 million, and increased legal costs of $0.6 million. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses were $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase of $2.2 million was primarily related to additional clinical trial costs for VP-315 of $1.5 million and increased headcount related costs of $0.6 million. The following table summarizes our research and development expense by product candidate or, for unallocated expenses, by type for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. We did not incur any research and development expense for VP-103 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023. Unallocated expenses include compensation and other personnel related costs. For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Change YCANTH (VP-102) $ 579 $ 805 $ (226 ) VP-315 2,390 352 2,038 Stock based compensation 450 258 192 Other unallocated expenses 1,529 1,324 205 Research and development expense $ 4,948 $ 2,739 $ 2,209 18 Cost of Product Revenue Cost of product revenue of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of product costs related to the sale of YCANTH (VP-102) and obsolete inventory write-off of $0.3 million. Cost of Collaboration Revenue Cost of collaboration revenue was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase of $0.5 million was primarily due to increased manufacturing supply required to support development and testing services pursuant to the Torii Clinical Supply Agreement. Interest Income Interest income was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to higher interest rates. Interest Expense Interest expense of $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of interest expense on the OrbiMed Credit Agreement as described in Note 10 to our financial statements. Liquidity and Capital Resources Since our inception, we have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from our operations. We have financed our operations since inception primarily through sales of our convertible preferred stock, the sale of our common stock, the issuance of debt and $20.0 million from the Torii Agreement. In February 2023, we closed an underwritten offering of 750,000 shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,064,814 shares of common stock. The shares of common stock were sold as a price of $6.75 per share and the pre-funded warrants were sold at a price of $6.7499 per pre-funded warrant, resulting in total net proceeds of $30.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $48.9 million. Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested in accordance with our investment policy, primarily with a view to liquidity and capital preservation. On July 21, 2023, the FDA approved YCANTH (VP-102) topical solution for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older. Our first commercial sale of YCANTH (VP-102) occurred in August 2023 to FFF, our primary specialty pharmacy distributor. On July 26, 2023, we entered into the Credit Agreement which provides for a $125.0 million Loan Facility. We borrowed $50.0 million on July 26, 2023, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $44.1 million after payment of certain fees and transaction related expenses. In addition, subject to our achievement of certain revenue targets, up to $25.0 million will be made available on or prior to June 30, 2024, up to $30.0 million will be made available on or prior to December 31, 2024, up to $10.0 million will be made available on or prior to March 31, 2025, and up to $10.0 million will be made available on or prior to June 30, 2025. Amounts borrowed under the Loan Facility will mature on July 26, 2028. During the term of the Loan Facility, interest payable in cash by us will accrue on any outstanding balance due under the Loan Facility at a rate per annum equal to the higher of (x) the SOFR rate (which is the forward-looking term rate for a one-month tenor based on the secured overnight financing rate administered by the CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited) and (y) 4.00% plus, in either case, 8.00%. During an event of default, any outstanding amount under the Loan Facility will bear interest at a rate of 4.00% in excess of the otherwise applicable rate of interest. We will pay certain fees with respect to the Loan Facility, including an upfront fee, an unused fee on the undrawn portion of the Loan Facility, an administration fee, a prepayment premium and an exit fee, as well as certain other fees and expenses of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders. C ash Flow s The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Net cash used in operating activities $ (19,947 ) $ (4,590 ) Net cash used in investing activities — (11 ) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (661 ) 30,280 Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (20,608 ) $ 25,679 19 Operating Activities During the three months ended March 31, 2024, operating activities used $19.9 million of cash, primarily resulting from a net loss of $20.3 million partially offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $2.1 million. Net cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of increases in accounts receivable of $2.8 million and prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.3 million partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses of $1.7 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, operating activities used $4.6 million of cash, primarily resulting from a net loss of $6.6 million partially offset by non-cash stock-based compensation of $1.1 million. Net cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a decrease in prepaid expenses of $1.3 million partially offset by a decrease in accrued expenses of $0.9 million. Investing Activities During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no cash was used in investing activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities of $11,000 for the purchase of property and equipment. Financing Activities During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used by financing activities of $0.7 million was primarily due to $0.5 million of debt amendment costs paid related to the Orbimed Credit Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities of $30.3 million was primarily due to the proceeds of $30.3 million, net of issuance costs from the issuance of common stock and pre-funded warrants. Funding Requirements Our first commercial sale of YCANTH (VP-102) occurred in August 2023 to FFF, our primary specialty pharmacy distributor. While we expect to generate revenue from the sale of YCANTH (VP-102), we expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we initiate commercialization of YCANTH (VP-102) and continue the research and development of, continue or initiate clinical trials of, and seek marketing approval for, our product candidates. Following the approval of YCANTH (VP-102), for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution. Furthermore, we expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. We will need substantial additional financing to fund our operations. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we would be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs or future commercialization efforts. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 will be sufficient to support our planned operations only into the first quarter of 2025. These factors cause substantial doubt to exist about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date these financial statements are issued. The Company’s financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our capital resources sooner than we expect. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including: • the level of sales achieved, and costs related to the commercialization of YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum; • the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates; • the scope, progress, results and costs of our clinical trials; • the scope, prioritization and number of our research and development programs; • the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights and defending intellectual property-related claims; • our ability to maintain compliance with covenants under our loan agreements; • the extent to which we acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies; • the impact on the timing of our clinical trials and our business; 20 • the costs to scale up and secure manufacturing arrangements for commercial production of YCANTH (VP 102) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum and any product candidate we successfully commercialize; and • the costs of establishing and maintaining sales and marketing capabilities for YCANTH (VP 102) for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum and any product candidate that obtains regulatory approval. Identifying potential product candidates and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials is a time-consuming, expensive and uncertain process that takes many years to complete, and we may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain marketing approval and achieve product sales. In addition, YCANTH (VP-102), and our other product candidates, if approved, may not achieve commercial success. Our commercial revenues will be derived solely from sales of YCANTH (VP-102) in the near term. We may need to continue to rely on additional financing to achieve our business objectives. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. Our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the disruptions to, and volatility in, the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, ownership interests of existing stockholders may be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our existing stockholders’ rights. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise funds through additional collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves. Contractual Obligations and Commitments As of March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments as previously discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures About Market Risks There have been no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.