INTERNATIONAL TOWER HILL MINES LTD 10-K

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. ​ ​ 41 Table of Contents ​ ​ Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ​ To the Shareholders and Directors of International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. ​ Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements ​ We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. ​ Basis for Opinion ​ These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. ​ We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. ​ Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatements of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. ​ Critical Audit Matters ​ The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. ​ ​ 42 Table of Contents Assessment of Impairment Indicators of Mineral Property ​ As described in Note 4 to the financial statements, the carrying amount of the Company’s mineral property was $55,375,124 as of December 31, 2023. As more fully described in Note 2 to the financial statements, management assesses its mineral property for indicators of impairment at each reporting period. ​ The principal considerations for our determination that the assessment of impairment indicators of the Company’s mineral property is a critical audit matter are that there was judgment made by management when assessing whether there were indicators of impairment for the mineral property, specifically relating to the assets’ carrying amount which is impacted by the Company’s intent and ability to continue to explore and evaluate its asset. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures to evaluate audit evidence relating to the judgments made by management in their assessment of indicators of impairment that could give rise to the requirement to prepare an estimate of the recoverable amount of the mineral property. ​ Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the financial statements. Our audit procedures included, among others: ​ ● Obtaining an understanding of the key controls associated with evaluating the mineral property for indicators of impairment. ● Obtaining and assessing management’s impairment analysis. ● Evaluating the intent for the mineral property through discussion and communication with management. ● Reviewing the Company’s recent expenditure activity and expenditure budgets for future periods. ● Assessing compliance with agreements and expenditure requirements including vouching cash payments. ● Obtaining, on a test basis through government websites, confirmation of title to ensure mineral rights underlying the mineral property are in good standing. ​ We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. ​ ​ ​ /s/ DAVIDSON & COMPANY LLP ​ ​ ​ Vancouver, Canada Chartered Professional Accountants ​ ​ March 7, 2024 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 43 Table of Contents ​ INTERNATIONAL TOWER HILL MINES LTD. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS As at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ Note ​ 2023 ​ 2022 ASSETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current assets ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ 1 ​ $ 1,687,690 ​ $ 4,847,429 Prepaid expenses and other ​ ​ ​ 304,726 ​ 152,572 Total current assets ​ ​ ​ 1,992,416 ​ 5,000,001 Property and equipment ​ ​ ​ 7,465 ​ 7,465 Mineral property 4 ​ 55,375,124 ​ 55,375,124 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total assets ​ ​ ​ $ 57,375,005 ​ $ 60,382,590 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ Accounts payable ​ ​ ​ $ 92,855 ​ $ 53,539 Accrued liabilities 5 ​ 142,096 ​ 234,846 Total liabilities ​ ​ ​ 234,951 ​ 288,385 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shareholders’ equity ​ ​ ​ ​ Share capital, no par value; unlimited number of authorized shares; 195,885,531 and 195,313,184 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively 7 ​ 288,866,139 ​ 288,484,901 Contributed surplus ​ 7 ​ 36,309,865 ​ 36,275,917 Accumulated other comprehensive income ​ ​ ​ 1,528,828 ​ 1,500,196 Deficit ​ ​ ​ ( 269,564,778 ) ​ ( 266,166,809 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total shareholders’ equity ​ ​ ​ 57,140,054 ​ 60,094,205 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity ​ ​ ​ $ 57,375,005 ​ $ 60,382,590 ​ General Information, Nature of Operations and Going Concern (Note 1) Commitments (Note 9) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ 44 Table of Contents ​ INTERNATIONAL TOWER HILL MINES LTD. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ Note ​ 2023 ​ 2022 Operating Expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ Consulting fees 7 ​ $ 562,498 ​ $ 551,163 Insurance ​ ​ ​ 209,314 ​ 202,893 Investor relations 7 ​ 51,520 ​ 65,591 Mineral property 4 ​ 1,200,975 ​ 1,138,134 Office ​ ​ ​ 31,899 ​ 28,529 Other ​ ​ ​ 16,071 ​ 16,130 Professional fees ​ ​ ​ 267,056 ​ 226,439 Regulatory ​ ​ ​ 144,571 ​ 137,947 Rent ​ 10 ​ 135,183 ​ 135,200 Travel ​ ​ ​ 45,925 ​ 29,935 Wages and benefits 7 ​ 821,489 ​ 914,078 Total operating expenses ​ ​ ​ ( 3,486,501 ) ​ ( 3,446,039 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other income (expense) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gain (loss) on foreign exchange ​ ​ ​ ( 30,754 ) ​ 348,207 Interest income ​ ​ ​ 97,126 ​ 5,739 Other income ​ ​ 22,160 ​ 50,400 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total other income (expense) ​ ​ ​ 88,532 ​ 404,346 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net loss for the year ​ ​ ​ ( 3,397,969 ) ​ ( 3,041,693 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Exchange difference on translating foreign operations ​ ​ ​ 28,632 ​ ( 327,925 ) Total other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ​ ​ ​ 28,632 ​ ( 327,925 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Comprehensive loss for the year ​ ​ ​ $ ( 3,369,337 ) ​ $ ( 3,369,618 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic and diluted net loss per share ​ ​ ​ $ ( 0.02 ) ​ $ ( 0.02 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic and diluted ​ ​ ​ 195,615,822 ​ 195,221,951 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ 45 Table of Contents ​ INTERNATIONAL TOWER HILL MINES LTD. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Number of ​ Share ​ Contributed ​ Comprehensive ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shares ​ Capital ​ Surplus ​ Income ​ Deficit ​ Total Balance, December 31, 2021 194,908,184 $ 288,032,132 $ 35,989,922 $ 1,828,121 $ ( 263,125,116 ) $ 62,725,059 Stock based compensation-option — ​ — ​ 135,451 ​ — ​ — ​ 135,451 Stock based compensation-DSU — ​ — ​ 313,023 ​ — ​ — ​ 313,023 Exchange difference on translating foreign operations — ​ — ​ — ​ ( 327,925 ) ​ — ​ ( 327,925 ) Exercise of options ​ 405,000 ​ ​ 290,290 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 290,290 Reallocation from contributed surplus ​ — ​ ​ 162,479 ​ ​ ( 162,479 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Net loss ​ — ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ ( 3,041,693 ) ​ ( 3,041,693 ) Balance, December 31, 2022 ​ 195,313,184 ​ ​ 288,484,901 ​ ​ 36,275,917 ​ ​ 1,500,196 ​ ​ ( 266,166,809 ) ​ ​ 60,094,205 Stock based compensation-option ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 91,382 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 91,382 Stock based compensation-DSU ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 323,804 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 323,804 Exchange difference on translating foreign operations ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 28,632 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 28,632 Share issuance ​ 572,347 ​ ​ 381,238 ​ ​ ( 381,238 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Net loss ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 3,397,969 ) ​ ​ ( 3,397,969 ) Balance, December 31, 2023 ​ 195,885,531 ​ $ 288,866,139 ​ $ 36,309,865 ​ $ 1,528,828 ​ $ ( 269,564,778 ) ​ $ 57,140,054 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ 46 Table of Contents ​ INTERNATIONAL TOWER HILL MINES LTD. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2023 ​ 2022 Operating Activities ​ ​ Loss for the year ​ $ ( 3,397,969 ) ​ $ ( 3,041,693 ) Add items not affecting cash: ​ ​ Stock-based compensation-option ​ 91,382 ​ 135,451 Stock-based compensation-DSU ​ 323,804 ​ 313,023 Changes in non-cash working capital items: ​ ​ Accounts receivable ​ ( 22,951 ) ​ 5,794 Prepaid expenses ​ ( 126,741 ) ​ ( 22,076 ) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ​ ( 55,470 ) ​ ( 287,457 ) Cash used in operating activities ​ ( 3,187,945 ) ​ ( 2,896,958 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Financing Activities ​ ​ ​ ​ Issuance of common shares ​ — ​ 290,290 Cash provided by financing activities ​ — ​ 290,290 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents ​ 28,206 ​ ( 326,574 ) Decrease in cash and cash equivalents ​ ( 3,159,739 ) ​ ( 2,933,242 ) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year ​ 4,847,429 ​ 7,780,671 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year ​ $ 1,687,690 ​ $ 4,847,429 ​ Non-cash transactions: - Reallocation from contributed surplus from issuance of stock $ 381,238 (December 31, 2022 - $ nil ) - Reallocation from contributed surplus from exercise of stock options $ nil (December 31, 2022 - $ 162,479 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ 47 Table of Contents ​ INTERNATIONAL TOWER HILL MINES LTD. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Expressed in U.S. Dollars) ​ 1. GENERAL INFORMATION, NATURE OF OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. (“ITH” or the “Company”) is incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada. The Company’s head office address is 2710-200 Granville Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. International Tower Hill Mines Ltd. consists of ITH and its wholly owned subsidiaries Tower Hill Mines, Inc. (“TH Alaska”) (an Alaska corporation), Tower Hill Mines (US) LLC (“TH US”) (a Colorado limited liability company), and Livengood Placers, Inc. (“LPI”) (a Nevada corporation). The Company is in the business of acquiring, exploring and evaluating mineral properties, and either joint venturing or developing these properties further or disposing of them when the evaluation is completed. At December 31, 2023, the Company has a 100 % interest in its Livengood Gold Project in Alaska, U.S.A. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which presumes the realization of assets and discharge of liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. The Company will require significant additional financing to continue its operations (including general and administrative expenses) in connection with advancing activities at the Livengood Gold Project and the development of any mine that may be built at the Livengood Gold Project. There is no assurance that the Company will make a decision to build a mine at the Livengood Gold Project and, if so, that it will be able to obtain the additional financing required on acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, any significant delays in the issuance of required permits for the ongoing work at the Livengood Gold Project, or unexpected results in connection with the ongoing work, could result in the Company being required to raise additional funds to advance permitting efforts. The Company’s review of its financing options includes considering a future strategic alliance to assist in further development, permitting and future construction costs, although there can be no assurance that any such strategic alliance will, in fact, be pursued or realized. Despite the Company’s success to date in raising significant equity financing to fund its operations, there is significant uncertainty that the Company will be able to secure any additional financing in the current or future equity markets. Even if the Company is able to secure some additional equity financing, the Company may be unable to raise enough capital to continue its operations in connection with advancing all activities at the Livengood Gold Project through 2024 and beyond. As a result, there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The amount of funds to be raised and the terms of any proposed equity financing that may be undertaken will be negotiated by management as opportunities to raise funds arise. Specific plans related to the use of proceeds will be devised once financing has been completed and management knows what funds will be available for these purposes. Due to this uncertainty, if the Company is unable to secure sufficient additional financing, the Company may be required to reduce all discretionary activities at the Project to preserve its working capital to fund anticipated non-discretionary expenditures beyond the 2024 fiscal year. As at March 7, 2024, management believes that the Company has sufficient financial resources to maintain its operations for the next twelve months. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in supply chain disruptions, record high inflation and rising interest rates which all have impeded adversely the global economy and tightened the financial markets. It is indeterminable when inflation will be back to a normal level and the economy will recover. These have created uncertainties to whether financing would be available to the Company if the need for funding was to arise. These financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported expenses and balance sheet classifications that would be necessary were the going concern adjustment appropriate. Such adjustments could be material. ​ ​ 48 Table of Contents ​ 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of presentation These consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). On March 7, 2024, the Board approved the consolidated financial statements dated December 31, 2023. Basis of consolidation These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ITH and its wholly owned subsidiaries TH Alaska, TH US, and LPI. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. These judgments, estimates and assumptions are regularly evaluated and are based on management’s experience and knowledge of the relevant facts and circumstances. While management believes the estimates to be reasonable, actual results could differ from those estimates and could impact future results of operations and cash flows. The areas which require significant judgment and estimates that management has made at the financial reporting date, that could result in a material change to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event actual results differ from the assumptions made, relate to, but are not limited to the following: Significant judgments ● the determination of functional currencies; ● quantitative and qualitative factors used in the assessment of impairment of the Company’s mineral property; and ● the analysis of resource calculations, drill results, labwork, etc. which can impact the Company’s assessment of impairment, and provisions, if any, for environmental rehabilitation and restoration. Cash and cash equivalents Cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase, and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. Cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments rather than for investment or other purposes. Property and equipment On initial recognition, property and equipment are valued at cost. Property and equipment is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation, less any accumulated impairment losses, with the exception of land which is not depreciated. Depreciation is recorded over the estimated useful life of the assets at the following annual rates: Computer equipment - 30 % declining balance; Computer software – 3 years straight line; Furniture and equipment - 20 % declining balance; and Leasehold improvements - straight-line over the lease term . Additions during the year are depreciated at one-half the annual rates. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. 49 Table of Contents ​ Mineral property assets Mineral property costs are expensed as incurred. At such time that the Company determines that a mineral property can be economically developed, subsequent mineral property expenses will be capitalized during the development of such property. The Company assesses interests in its mineral property assets for impairment at least annually, but will also conduct an assessment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of an asset may exceed its recoverable amount. The assets that are tested for recoverability are the Company’s long-lived assets related to mineral property rights and claims. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s mineral property assets totaled approximately $ 55 million. As these assets are all similar in nature (they represent mining claims or rights to mining claims all within the same area), they are viewed as one asset group for impairment testing purposes. The Company evaluates recoverability of its mineral property assets based on the undiscounted cash flows using the life of mine cash flows beginning with production as stated in the Technical Report Summary (the “TRS”) attached as Exhibit 96.1 to the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on October 17, 2023 for the Livengood Gold Project, which uses a life of mine of approximately 21 years . The estimates used in the life of mine cash flows are subject to uncertainty, including as a result of the assumed gold price. As at December 31, 2023, the Company concluded that the recoverability of the mineral property assets exceeded the carrying value. Impairment analysis includes assessment of the following circumstances: a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset or asset group; a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset or asset group is being used or in its physical condition; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset or asset group, including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset or asset group; a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset or asset group; a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset or asset group will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The term more likely than not refers to a level of likelihood that is more than 50%. Asset retirement obligations The Company records a liability based on the best estimate of costs for site closure and reclamation activities that the Company is legally or contractually required to remediate. The provision for closure and reclamation liabilities is estimated using expected cash flows based on engineering and environmental reports and accreted to full value over time through periodic charges to income. The Company does not have any material provisions for environmental rehabilitation as of December 31, 2023. Impairment of long-lived assets and long-lived assets to be disposed of Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment at least annually, but are also reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. The estimates used to determine future net cash flows are subject to uncertainty, including as a result of the assumed gold price. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. 50 Table of Contents ​ Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Current income taxes are the expected taxes payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to taxes payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under the asset and liability method, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be recognized. Net loss per share Basic loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or contracts that may require the issuance of common shares in the future were converted, unless the impact is anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2023, this calculation proved to be anti-dilutive, and therefore the Company’s 1,787,049 stock options and 2,702,612 deferred share units (“DSUs”) outstanding at year-end have been excluded from the calculation. Stock-based compensation The Company follows the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Section 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation”, which establishes accounting for equity-based compensation awards to be accounted for using the fair value method. Equity-settled share-based payment arrangements are initially measured at fair value at the date of grant and recorded within shareholders’ equity. Arrangements considered to be cash-settled are initially recorded at fair value and classified as accrued liabilities, and subsequently re-measured at fair value at each reporting date. The Company’s stock option plan is an equity-settled arrangement and the Company’s deferred share unit plan can be an equity or cash settled arrangement depending on the grant date term. The fair value at grant date of all share-based payments is recognized as compensation expense over the period for which benefits of services are expected to be derived, with a corresponding credit to shareholders’ equity or accrued liabilities depending on whether they are equity-settled or cash-settled. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and estimate the expected forfeiture rate at the date of grant. The value of DSUs is estimated based on the quoted market price of the Company’s common shares. When awards are forfeited because non-market based vesting conditions are not satisfied, the expense previously recognized is proportionately reversed. Functional currency The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the Company’s reporting currency. The functional currency of ITH is the Canadian (“CAD” or “C”) dollar and the functional currency of ITH Alaska, TH US and LPI is the U.S. dollar. In accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”, the Company translates the assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date and the statements of operations and comprehensive loss and cash flows are translated at an average rate during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation from CAD into U.S. dollars are recorded in shareholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the respective currency of the entity or division, using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions (spot exchange rate). Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the re-measurement of monetary items denominated in foreign currency at period-end exchange rates are recognized in profit or loss. Non-monetary items that are not re-translated at period end are measured at historical cost (translated using the exchange rates at the transaction date), except for non-monetary items measured at fair value, which are translated using the exchange rates as at the date when fair value was determined. Gains and losses are recorded in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. 51 Table of Contents ​ Recently adopted accounting pronouncements Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance intended to change how companies account for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, companies will be required to estimate lifetime expected credit losses and recognize an allowance against the related instruments. For available for sale debt securities, companies will be required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than reducing the carrying value of the asset. The adoption of this update, if applicable, will result in earlier recognition of losses and impairments. Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-19—Codification Improvements to ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. In November 2018, the FASB introduced guidance on an expected credit loss methodology for the impairment of financial assets measured at amortized cost basis. That methodology replaces the probable, incurred loss model for those assets. ASU 2018-19 is the final version of Proposed Accounting Standards Update 2018-270, which has been deleted. Additionally, the amendments clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. These updates were adopted on January 1, 2023, and had no impact on the Company’s financial statements. ​ ​ 3. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified into one of three levels in the fair value hierarchy according to the significance of the inputs used in making the measurement. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: ● Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; ● Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and, ● Level 3 – Inputs that are not based on observable market data. There were no financial instruments measured at fair value. ​ ​ 4. MINERAL PROPERTY The Company had the following activity related to the mineral property: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Capitalized acquisition costs Amount Balance, December 31, 2021 ​ $ 55,375,124 Additions ​ — Balance, December 31, 2022 ​ $ 55,375,124 Additions ​ — Balance, December 31, 2023 ​ $ 55,375,124 ​ 52 Table of Contents ​ The following table presents costs incurred for mineral property activities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year ended Year ended ​ ​ December 31, 2023 ​ December 31, 2022 Mineral property costs: ​ ​ Aircraft services ​ $ 13,200 ​ $ 9,000 Environmental ​ 194,984 ​ 191,876 Equipment and facilities rental ​ 51,669 ​ 67,507 Field costs ​ 103,540 ​ 89,493 Geological/geophysical ​ — ​ 49,202 Land maintenance & tenure ​ 744,413 ​ 647,412 Legal ​ 63,894 ​ 85,593 Transportation and travel ​ 29,275 ​ ( 1,949 ) Total expenditures for the year ​ $ 1,200,975 ​ $ 1,138,134 ​ Properties acquired from AngloGold, Alaska Pursuant to an Asset Purchase and Sale and Indemnity Agreement dated June 30, 2006, as amended on July 26, 2007 (the “AngloGold Agreement”), among the Company, AngloGold Ashanti (U.S.A.) Exploration Inc. (“AngloGold”) and TH Alaska, the Company acquired all of AngloGold’s interest in a portfolio of seven mineral exploration projects in Alaska and referred to as the Livengood, Chisna, Gilles, Coffee Dome, West Pogo, Blackshell, and Caribou properties (the “Sale Properties”) in exchange for a cash payment of $ 50,000 on August 4, 2006, and the issuance of 5,997,295 common shares, representing approximately 19.99 % of the Company’s issued shares following the closing of the acquisition and two private placement financings raising an aggregate of C$ 11,479,348 . As further consideration for the transfer of the Sale Properties, the Company granted to AngloGold a 90-day right of first offer with respect to the Sale Properties and any additional mineral properties in Alaska in which the Company acquires an interest and which interest the Company proposes to farm out or otherwise dispose of. Upon AngloGold’s equity interest in the Company being reduced to less than 10 %, this right of first offer would then terminate. On December 11, 2014, the Company closed a private placement financing in which AngloGold elected not to participate. As a result of the shares issued in this private placement, AngloGold’s ownership in the Company was reduced to less than 10 % and thus both AngloGold’s right to maintain its ownership percentage interest and its right of first offer on the Company’s Alaskan properties terminated upon the closing of the December 2014 private placement. Details of the Livengood Property (being the only Sale Property still held by the Company) are as follows: Livengood Property: The Livengood property is located in the Tintina gold belt approximately 113 kilometers (70 miles) north of Fairbanks, Alaska. The property consists of land leased from the Alaska Mental Health Trust, a number of smaller private mineral leases, Alaska state mining claims purchased or located by the Company and patented ground held by the Company. Details of the leases are as follows: a) a lease of the Alaska Mental Health Trust mineral rights having a term commencing July 1, 2004 and extending 19 years until June 30, 2023, subject to further extensions beyond June 30, 2023 by either (1) commercial production or (2) payment of an annual advance minimum royalty equal to 125 % of the amount paid in year 19 and diligent pursuit of development. Both requirements of (2) above have been satisfied through June 30, 2024. The lease requires minimum work expenditures and advance minimum royalties (all of which minimum royalties are recoverable from production royalties) which escalate annually with inflation. A net smelter return (“NSR”) production royalty of between 2.5 % and 5.0 % (depending upon the price of gold) is payable to the lessor with respect to the lands subject to this lease. In addition, an NSR production royalty of l% is payable to the lessor with respect to the unpatented federal mining claims subject to the lease described in b) below and an NSR production royalty of between 0.5 % and 1.0 % (depending upon the price of gold) is payable to the lessor with respect to the lands acquired by the Company as a result of the purchase of Livengood Placers, Inc. in December 2011. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has paid $ 4,813,947 from the inception of this lease. 53 Table of Contents ​ b) a lease of federal unpatented lode mining claims having an initial term of ten years commencing on April 21, 2003 and continuing for so long thereafter as advance minimum royalties are paid and mining related activities, including exploration, continue on the property or on adjacent properties controlled by the Company. The lease requires an advance minimum royalty of $ 50,000 on or before each anniversary date for the duration of the lease (all of which minimum royalties are recoverable from production royalties). An NSR production royalty of between 2 % and 3 % (depending on the price of gold) is payable to the lessors. The Company may purchase 1 % of the royalty for $ 1,000,000 . As of December 31, 2023, the Company has paid $ 980,000 from the inception of this lease. c) a lease of patented lode claims having an initial term of ten years commencing January 18, 2007, and continuing for so long thereafter as advance minimum royalties are paid. The lease requires an advance minimum royalty of $ 20,000 on or before each anniversary date through January 18, 2017 and $ 25,000 on or before each subsequent anniversary (all of which minimum royalties are recoverable from production royalties). An NSR production royalty of 3 % is payable to the lessors. The Company may purchase all interests of the lessors in the leased property (including the production royalty) for $ 1,000,000 (less all minimum and production royalties paid to the date of purchase), of which $ 500,000 is payable in cash over four years following the closing of the purchase and the balance of $ 500,000 is payable by way of the 3 % NSR production royalty. The Company has acquired a 40 % interest in the mining claims subject to the lease, providing the Company with a 40 % interest in the lease. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has paid $ 295,000 from the inception of this lease. d) a lease of unpatented federal lode mining and federal unpatented placer claims having an initial term of ten years commencing on March 28, 2007, and continuing for so long thereafter as advance minimum royalties are paid and mining related activities, including exploration, continue on the property or on adjacent properties controlled by the Company. The lease requires an advance minimum royalty of $ 15,000 on or before each anniversary date for the duration of the lease (all of which minimum royalties are recoverable from production royalties). The Company is required to pay the lessor the additional sum of $ 250,000 upon making a positive production decision, of which $ 125,000 is payable within 120 days of the decision and $ 125,000 is payable within a year of the decision (all of which are recoverable from production royalties). An NSR production royalty of 2 % is payable to the lessor. The Company may purchase all of the interest of the lessor in the leased property (including the production royalty) for $ 1,000,000 . As of December 31, 2023, the Company has paid $ 218,000 from the inception of this lease. Title to mineral properties The acquisition of title to mineral properties is a detailed and time-consuming process. The Company has taken steps to verify title to mineral properties in which it has an interest. Although the Company has taken every reasonable precaution to ensure that legal title to its properties is properly recorded in the name of the Company, there can be no assurance that such title will ultimately be secured. ​ ​ ​ 5. ACCRUED LIABILITIES The following table presents the accrued liabilities balances at December 31, 2023 and 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2023 ​ 2022 Accrued liabilities ​ $ 93,719 ​ $ 104,198 Accrued salaries and benefits ​ 48,377 ​ 130,648 Total accrued liabilities ​ $ 142,096 ​ $ 234,846 ​ Accrued liabilities at December 31, 2023 include accruals for general corporate costs and project costs of $ 65,791 and $ 27,928 , respectively. Accrued liabilities at December 31, 2022 include accruals for general corporate costs and project costs of $ 46,974 and $ 57,224 , respectively. ​ ​ 54 Table of Contents ​ 6. INCOME TAXES A reconciliation of income taxes at statutory rates with the reported taxes is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2023 ​ 2022 Earnings (loss) for the year ​ $ ( 3,397,969 ) ​ $ ( 3,041,693 ) ​ Statutory Canadian corporate tax rate ​ ​ 27.00 % 27.00 % ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Expected income tax (recovery) ​ $ ( 917,000 ) ​ $ ( 821,000 ) ​ Change in statutory, foreign tax, foreign exchange rates and other ​ ​ ( 171,000 ) ​ ​ 1,038,000 ​ Permanent difference ​ ​ 112,000 ​ ​ 120,000 ​ Adjustment to prior years provision versus statutory tax returns ​ ​ 236,000 ​ 279,000 ​ Change in unrecognized deductible temporary differences ​ ​ 740,000 ​ ​ ( 616,000 ) ​ Total income tax expense (recovery) ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ ​ The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets that have not been included on the consolidated statement of financial position are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, December 31, ​ ​ 2023 ​ 2022 Deferred tax assets (liabilities): ​ ​ Mineral property assets ​ $ 16,442,000 ​ $ 16,711,000 Property and equipment ​ 8,000 ​ 7,000 Share issue costs ​ 26,000 ​ 51,000 Non-capital losses available for future period ​ ​ 54,988,000 ​ ​ 53,955,000 ​ ​ 71,464,000 ​ 70,724,000 Valuation allowance ​ ( 71,464,000 ) ​ ( 70,724,000 ) Net deferred tax assets ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ At December 31, 2023, the Company has available non-capital losses for Canadian income tax purposes of approximately C$ 28,659,000 and net operating losses for US income tax purposes of approximately $ 35,706,000 that do not have an expiration date and $ 137,152,000 available for carry-forward to reduce future years’ taxable income, if not utilized, expiring as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Canada (C$) United States ($) 2043 ​ C$ 1,063,000 ​ $ — 2042 ​ ​ 599,000 ​ ​ — 2041 ​ ​ 1,204,000 ​ ​ — 2040 ​ ​ 1,211,000 ​ ​ — 2039 ​ ​ 1,164,000 ​ ​ — 2038 ​ ​ 417,000 ​ ​ — 2037 ​ ​ 1,757,000 ​ ​ 8,800,000 2036 ​ ​ 1,611,000 ​ ​ 8,798,000 2035 ​ ​ 395,000 ​ ​ 10,703,000 2034 ​ ​ 1,792,000 ​ ​ 12,587,000 2033 ​ ​ 1,687,000 ​ ​ 14,208,000 2032 ​ ​ 2,854,000 ​ ​ 16,797,000 2031 ​ ​ 5,051,000 ​ ​ 40,825,000 2030 ​ ​ 3,052,000 ​ ​ 18,765,000 2029 ​ ​ 2,378,000 ​ ​ 2,973,000 2028 ​ ​ 1,301,000 ​ ​ 1,412,000 2027 ​ ​ 1,031,000 ​ ​ 1,284,000 2026 ​ ​ 92,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ C$ 28,659,000 ​ $ 137,152,000 ​ 55 Table of Contents ​ The Company also has available mineral resource expenses that are related to the Company’s activities in the United States of approximately $ 114,162,000 , which may be deductible for U.S. tax purposes. Future tax benefits, which may arise as a result of applying these deductions to taxable income, have not been recognized in these accounts due to the uncertainty of future taxable income. ​ ​ 7. SHARE CAPITAL Authorized The Company’s share capital consists of an unlimited number of authorized common shares without par value. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 195,885,531 and 195,313,184 shares issued and outstanding , respectively. Share issuances At the Company’s 2023 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held on May 23, 2023, Mr. Stephen Lang did not stand for re-election as director. On June 22, 2023, in accordance with the approved Deferred Share Unit Plan, the Company issued 572,347 common shares to Mr. Lang and transferred related contributed surplus of $ 381,238 to share capital. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 405,000 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options for total proceeds of $ 290,290 and transferred related contributed surplus of $ 162,479 to share capital. Stock options The Company adopted an incentive stock option plan in 2006, as amended September 19, 2012 and re-approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 28, 2015, May 30, 2018, and May 25, 2021 (the “Stock Option Plan”). The essential elements of the Stock Option Plan provide that the aggregate number of common shares of the Company that may be issued pursuant to options granted under the Stock Option Plan and any other share-based compensation arrangements may not exceed 10 % of the number of issued shares of the Company at the time of the granting of options. Options granted under the Stock Option Plan will have a maximum term of ten years. The exercise price of options granted under the Stock Option Plan shall be fixed in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) Company Manual in force at the time of grant and, in any event, shall not be less than the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the TSX on the trading day immediately preceding the day on which the option is granted, or such other price as may be agreed to by the Company and accepted by the TSX. Options granted under the Stock Option Plan vest immediately, unless otherwise determined by the directors at the date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company granted a total of 240,000 incentive stock options to certain officers and employees of the Company to purchase common shares in the capital stock of the Company at an issue price of C$ 0.63 per share. Of the total 240,000 stock options granted, 150,000 were granted to Mr. Karl Hanneman, Chief Executive Officer. All of the options vest one-third on the grant date, one-third on May 23, 2024, one-third on May 23, 2025 and expire on May 23, 2029 . During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company granted a total of 240,000 incentive stock options to certain officers and employees of the Company to purchase common shares in the capital stock of the Company at an issue price of C$ 0.92 per share. Of the total 240,000 stock options granted, 150,000 were granted to Mr. Karl Hanneman, Chief Executive Officer. All of the options vest one-third on the grant date, one-third on May 24, 2023, one-third on May 24, 2024 and expire on May 24, 2028 . 56 Table of Contents ​ A summary of the status of the stock option plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and changes during the fiscal years is presented below: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Ended ​ ​ Year Ended ​ ​ December 31, 2023 ​ ​ December 31, 2022 ​ ​ Weighted ​ ​ ​ Weighted ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ Aggregate ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ Aggregate ​ ​ Number of ​ Exercise ​ Intrinsic ​ ​ Number of ​ Exercise ​ Intrinsic ​ ​ Options ​ Price (C$) ​ Value (C$) ​ ​ Options ​ Price (C$) ​ Value (C$) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance, beginning of the year 2,287,049 ​ $ 0.95 ​ — ​ ​ 2,947,049 ​ $ 0.97 ​ — Granted 240,000 ​ $ 0.63 ​ — ​ ​ 240,000 ​ $ 0.92 ​ — Exercised — ​ ​ — ​ — ​ ​ ( 405,000 ) ​ $ 0.90 ​ — Expired ( 740,000 ) ​ $ 0.91 ​ — ​ ​ ( 495,000 ) ​ $ 1.08 ​ — Balance, end of the year 1,787,049 ​ $ 0.92 ​ $ 93,571 ​ ​ 2,287,049 ​ $ 0.95 ​ $ 10,400 ​ The weighted average remaining life of options outstanding at December 31, 2023 was 2.5 years. Stock options outstanding are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2023 ​ ​ December 31, 2022 ​ Exercise Number of ​ Exercise Number of ​ Expiry Date ​ Price (C$) ​ Options ​ Exercisable ​ ​ Price (C$) ​ Options ​ Exercisable March 16, 2023 ​ ​ — — — ​ ​ $ 1.00 580,000 580,000 March 16, 2023 ​ ​ — — — ​ ​ $ 0.50 130,000 130,000 June 9, 2023 ​ ​ — — — ​ ​ $ 1.00 30,000 30,000 March 21, 2024 ​ $ 0.61 374,817 374,817 ​ ​ $ 0.61 374,817 374,817 February 1, 2025 ​ $ 1.35 250,000 250,000 ​ ​ $ 1.35 250,000 250,000 August 8, 2025 ​ $ 0.85 ​ 187,232 ​ 187,232 ​ ​ $ 0.85 ​ 187,232 ​ 187,232 May 27, 2026 ​ $ 0.92 ​ 255,000 ​ 255,000 ​ ​ $ 0.92 ​ 255,000 ​ 255,000 May 25, 2027 ​ $ 1.31 ​ 240,000 ​ 240,000 ​ ​ $ 1.31 ​ 240,000 ​ 160,000 May 24, 2028 ​ $ 0.92 ​ 240,000 ​ 160,000 ​ ​ $ 0.92 ​ 240,000 ​ 80,000 May 23, 2029 ​ $ 0.63 ​ 240,000 ​ 80,000 ​ ​ ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ ​ — 1,787,049 1,547,049 ​ ​ — 2,287,049 2,047,049 ​ A summary of the non-vested options as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and changes during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted average ​ ​ ​ ​ grant-date fair Non-vested options: ​ Number of options value (C$) Outstanding at December 31, 2021 245,000 ​ $ 0.91 Granted 240,000 ​ $ 0.60 Vested ( 245,000 ) ​ $ 0.78 Outstanding at December 31, 2022 240,000 ​ $ 0.73 Granted 240,000 ​ $ 0.42 Vested ( 240,000 ) ​ $ 0.67 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 240,000 ​ $ 0.48 ​ At December 31, 2023, there was C$ 46,265 of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested options outstanding. Deferred Share Unit Incentive Plan On April 4, 2017, the Company adopted a Deferred Share Unit Plan (the “DSU Plan”). The DSU Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 24, 2017 and re-approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 27, 2020 and May 25, 2021. As at December 31, 2023, the maximum aggregate number of common shares that could be issued under the DSU Plan and the Stock Option Plan was 19,588,553 , representing 10 % of the number of issued and outstanding common shares on that date (on a non-diluted basis). As at December 31, 2023, the Company had stock options to potentially acquire 1,787,049 57 Table of Contents ​ common shares outstanding under the Stock Option Plan (representing approximately 0.91 % of the outstanding common shares), leaving up to 17,801,504 common shares available for future grants under the DSU Plan and under the Stock Option Plan (combined) based on the number of outstanding common shares as at that date on a non-diluted basis (representing an aggregate of approximately 9.09 % of the outstanding common shares). During the year ended December 31, 2023, in accordance with the DSU Plan, the Company granted each of the members of the Board as of May 23, 2023 (other than those directors nominated for election by Paulson & Co. Inc.) 131,746 DSUs for a total of 526,984 DSUs with a grant date fair value (defined as the weighted average of the prices at which the common shares traded on the exchange with the most volume for the five trading days immediately preceding the grant) of C$ 0.63 per DSU, representing C$ 83,000 per director or C$ 332,000 in the aggregate. On July 12, 2023, in accordance with the DSU Plan, the Company granted a new member of the Board 145,614 DSUs with a grant date fair value (defined as the weighted average of the prices at which the common shares traded on the exchange with the most volume for the five days immediately preceding the grant) of C$ 0.57 per DSU, representing C$ 83,000 . During the year ended December 31, 2022, in accordance with the DSU Plan, the Company granted each of the members of the Company’s Board of Directors (other than those directors nominated for election by Paulson & Co. Inc.) 90,217 DSUs for a total of 451,085 DSUs with a grant date fair value (defined as the weighted average of the prices at which the common shares traded on the exchange with the most volume for the five trading days immediately preceding the grant) of C$ 0.92 per DSU, representing C$ 83,000 per director or C$ 415,000 in the aggregate. The DSUs entitle the holders to receive common shares of the Company’s stock without the payment of any consideration. The DSUs vested immediately upon being granted, but the common shares of stock underlying the DSUs are not deliverable to the grantee until the grantee is no longer serving on the Company’s Board of Directors. DSUs outstanding are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Ended ​ ​ Year Ended ​ ​ December 31, 2023 ​ ​ December 31, 2022 ​ ​ Weighted average ​ Weighted average ​ ​ Number of ​ grant-date fair ​ ​ Number of ​ grant-date fair ​ DSUs value (C$) ​ ​ DSUs value (C$) Balance, beginning of the year 2,602,361 ​ $ 0.89 ​ ​ 2,151,276 ​ $ 0.88 Issued 672,598 ​ $ 0.62 ​ ​ 451,085 ​ $ 0.92 Delivered ( 572,347 ) ​ $ 0.87 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Balance, end of the year 2,702,612 ​ $ 0.83 ​ ​ 2,602,361 ​ $ 0.89 ​ Share-based payments During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company granted 240,000 stock options and 672,598 DSUs. Share-based payment compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023 total $ 415,186 ($ 91,382 related to stock options and $ 323,804 related to DSUs). Of the total expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, $ 329,515 was included in consulting fees, $ 79,960 was included in wages and benefits, and $ 5,711 was included in investor relations in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company granted 240,000 stock options and 451,085 DSUs. Share-based payment compensation for the year ended December 31, 2022 total $ 448,474 ($ 135,451 related to stock options and $ 313,023 related to DSUs). Of the total expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, $ 322,052 was included in consulting fees, $ 117,994 was included in wages and benefits, and $ 8,428 was included in investor relations in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. 58 Table of Contents ​ The following weighted average assumptions were used for the Black-Scholes option pricing model of the stock options: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Ended Year Ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ 2023 2022 Expected life of options ​ 6 years ​ 6 years ​ Risk-free interest rate ​ 3.29 % ​ 2.64 % Expected volatility ​ 74.39 % ​ 76.75 % Dividend rate ​ 0.00 % ​ 0.00 % Exercise price (C$) ​ $ 0.63 ​ $ 0.92 ​ ​ The expected volatility used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s shares. ​ ​ 8. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION The Company operates in a single reportable operating segment, being the exploration and development of mineral properties. The following tables present selected financial information by geographic location: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Canada United States Total December 31, 2023 ​ ​ ​ Mineral property ​ $ — ​ $ 55,375,124 ​ $ 55,375,124 Property and equipment ​ 7,465 ​ — ​ 7,465 Current assets ​ 1,512,431 ​ 479,985 ​ 1,992,416 Total assets ​ $ 1,519,896 ​ $ 55,855,109 ​ $ 57,375,005 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Mineral property ​ $ — ​ $ 55,375,124 ​ $ 55,375,124 Property and equipment ​ 7,465 ​ — ​ 7,465 Current assets ​ 4,582,892 ​ 417,109 ​ 5,000,001 Total assets ​ $ 4,590,357 ​ $ 55,792,233 ​ $ 60,382,590 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Year Ended Year Ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2023 ​ 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net loss for the year - Canada ​ $ ( 1,108,518 ) ​ $ ( 788,971 ) Net loss for the year - United States ​ ( 2,289,451 ) ​ ( 2,252,722 ) Net loss for the year ​ $ ( 3,397,969 ) ​ $ ( 3,041,693 ) ​ ​ 9. COMMITMENTS The following table discloses, as of December 31, 2023, the Company’s contractual obligations including anticipated mineral property payments and work commitments. Under the terms of the Company’s mineral property purchase agreements, mineral leases and the terms of the unpatented mineral claims held by it, the Company is required to make certain scheduled acquisition payments, incur certain levels of expenditures, make lease or advance royalty payments, make payments to government authorities and incur assessment work expenditures as summarized in the table below in order to maintain and preserve the Company’s interests in the related mineral properties. If the Company is unable or unwilling to make any such payments or incur any such expenditures, it is likely that the Company would lose or forfeit its rights to acquire or hold the related mineral 59 Table of Contents ​ properties. The following table assumes that the Company retains the rights to all of its current mineral properties, but does not exercise any lease purchase or royalty buyout options: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Payments Due by Year ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2029 and ​ ​ ​ ​ 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 beyond Total Mineral Property Leases (1) ​ $ 539,528 ​ $ 545,272 ​ $ 551,088 ​ $ 556,977 ​ $ 562,939 ​ $ 568,976 ​ $ 3,324,780 Mining Claim Government Fees ​ 206,215 ​ 206,215 ​ 206,215 ​ 206,215 ​ 206,215 ​ 206,215 ​ 1,237,290 Total ​ $ 745,743 ​ $ 751,487 ​ $ 757,303 ​ $ 763,192 ​ $ 769,154 ​ $ 775,191 ​ $ 4,562,070 1. Does not include required work expenditures, as it is assumed that the required expenditure level is significantly below the work for which will actually be carried out by the Company. Does not include potential royalties that may be payable (other than annual minimum royalty payments). See Note 4. ​ ​ ​ 10. LEASES On December 12, 2019, the Company entered into a one-year operating lease agreement (for the lease period of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020) of the Fairbanks office. After the initial one-year lease period, the agreement has continued on a month-to-month basis. Therefore, the Company has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for the office lease. Accordingly, office lease costs will continue to be reported as rent expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and the Company will not recognize a right-of-use (ROU) asset and lease liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ 11. SUBSEQUENT EVENT Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company completed a $ 2.5 million non-brokered private placement pursuant to which it issued 3,807,911 common shares of the Company, at a price of $ 0.664 per common share to existing major shareholders of the Company. ​ ​ 60 Table of Contents ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. None.