Texas Community Bancshares, Inc. 10-K

ITEM 1. Business Forward Looking Statements This annual report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as such “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” or “may,” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: ● statements of our goals, intentions and expectations; ● statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies; ● statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and ● estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits. These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this annual report. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements: ● general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected; ● changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses; ● our ability to access cost-effective funding; ● fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions; ● demand for loans and deposits in our market area; ● our ability to implement and change our business strategies; ● competition among depository and other financial institutions; ● inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, our mortgage banking revenues, the fair value of financial instruments, including our mortgage servicing rights asset, or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make; ● adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets; ● changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees, capital requirements and insurance premiums; 4 Table of Contents ● changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios; ● technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected; ● the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected; ● a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks; ● our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk; ● our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities; ● changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; ● changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; ● our ability to retain key employees; and ● changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own. Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Texas Community Bancshares, Inc. Texas Community Bancshares, Inc. (“Texas Community Bancshares,” the “Company” or “we”) was incorporated in March 2021 to become the holding company for Mineola Community Bank, S.S.B. (“Mineola Community Bank” or the “Bank”) upon the conversion of Mineola Community Mutual Holding Company from a mutual holding company to a stock holding company (the “Conversion”). The Conversion was completed on July 14, 2021. In connection with the Conversion, the Company sold 3,207,759 shares of common stock at a price of $10.00 per share to depositors of the Bank for net proceeds of $30,394,000, and contributed 50,000 shares of common stock and $75,000 in cash to the Texas Community Bancshares Foundation, Inc. (the “Foundation”). The Company conducts its operations primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary, Mineola Community Bank, a Texas-chartered savings bank. At December 31, 2022, the Company had total consolidated assets of $417,346,000, loans and leases of $253,093,000, deposits of $296,077,000 and stockholders’ equity of $55,870,000. Our executive offices are located at 215 West Broad Street, Mineola, Texas 75773 and our telephone number is (903) 569-2602. Our website address is www.mineolacb.com . Information on our website is not and should not be considered a part of this annual report. The Company is a registered bank holding company subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) and by the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending. Mineola Community Bank, S.S.B. Mineola Community Bank is a Texas-chartered savings bank headquartered in Mineola, Texas. Our business consists primarily of taking deposits from the general public and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, in residential real estate loans and commercial real estate loans and, to a lesser extent, commercial loans, construction and land loans, and consumer and other loans. Substantially all of Mineola Community Bank’s loans are fixed-rate loans. We also invest in securities, 5 Table of Contents which have historically consisted primarily of mortgage-backed securities and obligations issued by U.S. government sponsored enterprises and others, state and municipal securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, and Federal Home Loan Bank stock. We offer a variety of deposit accounts, including checking accounts, money market accounts, savings accounts and certificate of deposit accounts. Mineola Community Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank system. Market Area We consider Franklin County, Hopkins County, Smith County, Van Zandt County and Wood County, and contiguous areas, as our primary market area for originating loans and gathering deposits. Our main office and five branch offices are located in these counties. Our branch office in Winnsboro, Texas, is in Wood County, but the Winnsboro city limits also lie within Franklin County and Hopkins County. Mineola, Texas, located in Wood County, is approximately 80 miles east of Dallas, Texas, and approximately 35 miles north of Tyler, Texas, two notable population centers. Our Edgewood branch office, located in Van Zandt County, is approximately 50 miles east of Dallas and our Lindale branch office, located in Smith County, is approximately 20 miles north of Tyler. The Tyler metropolitan area is a growing regional economic center with a large, diversified employment base spread across varied economic sectors. Tyler Junior College and The University of Texas at Tyler are located in Tyler. Mineola has become an attractive, lower-cost of living, retirement area for residents of the Dallas area. There are major hospital facilities located in Tyler and numerous recreational facilities located in the vicinity of Mineola including well-known bass fishing lakes, golf courses, and other recreational facilities, all of which have contributed to the influx of population. The work-from-home trend that arose due to the COVID- 19 pandemic has also contributed to area’s population growth. Major employers in our primary market area include Morton Salt Company (which operates a salt mine in Grand Saline, TX), Sanderson Farms, Inc. (which operates a poultry feed mill in Mineola and an additional facility in Lindale), Target (which has a distribution center in Lindale), local school districts, local governments, Walmart, Inc., Exxon Mobil Corporation, hospitals and other healthcare facilities, and numerous small manufacturing firms. Although there is some oil exploration business in Wood County, the economy of the primary market area is not heavily dependent on it. Competition We face intense competition within our local market area both in making loans and attracting deposits. Our market area has a high concentration of financial institutions that include money center banks, regional banks, community banks, and credit unions. We compete for loans with banks, savings institutions, mortgage brokers, consumer finance companies and credit unions. We compete for deposits with banks, savings institutions, credit unions, money market funds, brokerage firms, mutual funds and insurance companies. As of June 30, 2022 (the most recent date for which data is available), our deposit market share in Smith County was 0.15% (22 nd among 25 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured institutions with offices in the county), 8.12% in Van Zandt County (6 th among 8 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured institutions with offices in the county) and 17.80% in Wood County (3 rd among 7 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured institutions with offices in the county). These are the counties in which our offices are located. Lending Activities General. Our historical lending activity consists primarily of originating one-to four-family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, and construction and land loans. To a substantially lesser extent, 6 Table of Contents we originate agricultural loans, commercial loans, and consumer and other loans. Substantially all of the loans we originate are fixed rate loans. Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated. In addition to the loans disclosed in the table below, we had loans in process of $23.3 million and $11.8 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. We had no loans held for sale at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At December 31, ​ ​ 2022 ​ 2021 ​ Amount Percent Amount Percent ​ ​ (Dollars in thousands) ​ Real estate loans: ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential ​ $ 162,462 64.2 % $ 153,814 69.3 % Multi-family ​ 323 0.1 ​ 354 0.2 ​ Construction & land ​ 36,257 14.3 ​ 17,650 8.0 ​ Commercial ​ 33,678 13.3 ​ 31,686 14.3 ​ Farmland ​ 7,558 3.0 ​ 6,442 2.9 ​ Agriculture loans ​ 189 0.1 ​ 234 0.1 ​ Commercial loans ​ 7,029 2.8 ​ 6,128 2.8 ​ Consumer and other ​ 5,595 2.2 ​ 5,538 2.5 ​ PPP loans ​ 2 — ​ 13 — ​ Total loans ​ 253,093 100.0 % 221,859 100.00 % Less: ​ ​ ​ Net deferred loan fees ​ — — ​ — — ​ Allowance for losses ​ 1,755 — ​ 1,592 — ​ Total loans, net ​ $ 251,338 — ​ $ 220,267 — ​ ​ Contractual Maturities. The following tables set forth the contractual maturities of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less. Because the tables present contractual maturities and do not reflect repricing or the effect of prepayments, actual maturities may differ. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One- to ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Four-Family ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Residential ​ Multi-Family ​ Construction ​ Commercial ​ ​ ​ ​ Real Estate ​ Real Estate ​ and Land ​ Real Estate ​ Farmland ​ ​ (In thousands) Amounts due in: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One year or less ​ $ 807 $ — $ 31,060 $ 10,179 $ 494 After one year through five years ​ 5,499 ​ 64 ​ 3,063 ​ 9,834 ​ 3,665 After five years through 15 years ​ 30,120 ​ 259 ​ 1,736 ​ 12,062 ​ 2,978 After 15 years ​ 126,036 ​ — ​ 398 ​ 1,603 ​ 421 Total ​ $ 162,462 $ 323 $ 36,257 $ 33,678 $ 7,558 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consumer ​ ​ ​ ​ Agriculture Commercial and Other PPP Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (in thousands) Amounts due in: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One year or less ​ ​ ​ $ 84 $ 3,116 $ 1,165 $ 2 $ 46,907 After one year through five years ​ ​ ​ 105 ​ 2,159 ​ 3,921 ​ — ​ 28,310 After five years through 15 years ​ ​ ​ — ​ 1,324 ​ 509 ​ — ​ 48,988 After 15 years ​ ​ ​ — ​ 430 ​ — ​ — ​ 128,888 Total ​ ​ ​ $ 189 $ 7,029 $ 5,595 $ 2 $ 253,093 ​ 7 Table of Contents The following table sets forth our fixed and adjustable-rate loans at December 31, 2022 that are contractually due after December 31, 2023. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Due After December 31, 2023 ​ Fixed Adjustable Total ​ ​ (In thousands) Real estate loans: ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential ​ $ 161,654 ​ $ — ​ $ 161,654 Multi-family ​ 323 ​ — ​ 323 Construction and land ​ 5,197 ​ — ​ 5,197 Commercial ​ 22,409 ​ 1,091 ​ 23,500 Farmland ​ 7,064 ​ — ​ 7,064 Agriculture loans ​ 105 ​ — ​ 105 Commercial loans ​ 3,913 ​ — ​ 3,913 Consumer loans ​ 3,430 ​ — ​ 3,430 Other ​ 1,000 ​ — ​ 1,000 PPP loans ​ — ​ — ​ — Total loans ​ $ 205,095 ​ $ 1,091 ​ $ 206,186 ​ One- to Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending . At December 31, 2022, we had $162.5 million of loans secured by one- to four-family real estate, or 64.2% of total loans. The significant majority of our one- to four-family residential real estate loans are secured by properties located in our primary market area. We have also originated residential mortgage loans secured by owner-occupied properties located in the northern and eastern sections of the Dallas Metroplex. We began originating these loans in 2014, and continue to do so primarily through word-of-mouth referrals. These are generally jumbo loans with low loan-to-value ratios, generally in the range of 60% to 75%. At December 31, 2022, these loans amounted to $61.8 million, of which $41.4 million were jumbo loans and $20.4 million were conventional loans. Our one- to four-family residential real estate loans are generally underwritten to Fannie Mae guidelines. Substantially all of our residential mortgage loans are fixed-rate loans. Residential mortgage loans are generally originated at a fixed rate of 15, 20, or 30 years or with the optional 10-year balloon terms based on a 20- or 30-year amortization schedule. We generally limit the loan-to-value ratios of our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans to 80% (or 95% with private mortgage insurance) of the purchase price or appraised value, whichever is lower. We do not offer “interest only” mortgage loans on permanent one- to four-family residential real estate loans (where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan). We also do not offer loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. In general, we do not currently offer “subprime loans” on one- to four-family residential real estate loans ( i.e. , generally loans to borrowers with credit scores less than 620). Commercial Real Estate Loans . At December 31, 2022, we had $33.7 million in commercial real estate loans, or 13.3% of total loans. Substantially all of our commercial real estate loans are fixed-rate balloon loans with a six- to ten-year initial term and with a 10- to 20-year amortization period. The maximum loan-to-value ratio of our commercial real estate loans is generally 80%. At December 31, 2022, we had eleven loans secured by self-storage facilities totaling $12.1 million, nine loans secured by churches totaling $5.2 million, three loans secured by a rural water district totaling $3.3 million, seven loans secured by restaurant/fast food restaurant properties totaling $2.4 million, and seven loans secured by commercial rental properties totaling $1.8 million. At December 31, 2022, all of these loans were performing according to their terms. We consider a number of factors in originating commercial real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower, including credit history, profitability and expertise, as well as the value and 8 Table of Contents condition of the property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property, and the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service). Generally, we require that the debt service coverage ratio be at least 1.15x. The significant majority of our commercial real estate loans are appraised by outside independent appraisers approved by the board of directors. Personal guarantees are generally obtained from the principals of commercial real estate borrowers. At December 31, 2022, our largest commercial real estate loan relationship consisted of four loans totaling $10.6 million (after the sale of two participation interests totaling $6.5 million), which are secured by self-storage facilities. At December 31, 2022, all of these loans were performing according to their original terms. Construction and Land Loans . At December 31, 2022, we had $36.3 million in construction and land loans, or 14.3% of total loans. We make construction loans, primarily to individuals for the construction of their primary residences and to contractors and builders of single-family homes. We also make a limited amount of land loans to complement our construction lending activities, as such loans are generally secured by lots that will be used for residential development. Land loans also include loans secured by land purchased for investment purposes. At December 31, 2022, our construction and development loans totaled $30.7 million, or 12.1% of our total loan portfolio, in addition to $5.6 million of land loans. At December 31, 2022, $11.6 million of our single-family construction loans were to individuals and $9.2 million were to builders. Our construction loans are primarily secured by properties in our primary market area. We have also developed long-term relationships with a few builders in the northern and eastern sections of the Dallas Metroplex and continue to provide them with financing for some of their residential construction. At December 31, 2022, $713,000 of our single family construction loans in the Metroplex were originated to these builders. An additional $1.2 million of construction loans in the Metroplex were to individual borrowers at December 31, 2022. While we may originate loans to builders whether or not the collateral property underlying the loan is under contract for sale, we consider each project carefully in light of current residential real estate market conditions. Construction loans originated to builders where there is no contract for sale for the underlying completed home at the time of origination are referred to as speculative construction loans. We actively monitor the number of unsold homes in our construction loan portfolio and local housing markets to attempt to maintain an appropriate balance between home sales and new loan originations. We generally will limit the maximum number of speculative units (units that are not pre-sold) approved for each builder, typically starting with one speculative loan per builder until we develop a relationship with the builder. At December 31, 2022, speculative construction loans totaled $9.2 million. Our construction loans are fixed rate interest-only loans that provide for the payment of interest during the construction phase, which is usually up to 12 months. At the end of the construction phase, the loan may convert to a permanent mortgage loan or may be paid in full. Construction loans generally can be made with a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 95% of the estimated appraised market value upon completion of the project. Mortgage insurance pre-approval is required for loans exceeding 80% loan-to-value. Before making a commitment to fund a construction loan, we require an appraisal of the property by an independent licensed appraiser. We also generally require inspections of the property before disbursements of funds during the term of the construction loan. At December 31, 2022, our largest single family residence construction loan was for $1.4 million, with 48.2%, or $675,000, funded and our largest development loan was $8.0 million, with 78.9%, or $6.3 million funded. Both loans were performing according to the original terms at December 31, 2022 and both loans were in our local communities. Commercial Loans. At December 31, 2022, commercial loans were $7.0 million, or 2.8% of total loans. This amount excludes loans originated under the PPP, which are described below. 9 Table of Contents We make commercial loans primarily to small businesses in our market area. These loans are generally secured by business assets, such as equipment and accounts receivable. Commercial loans are made with fixed-interest rates and for terms generally up to 60 months. Depending on the collateral used to secure the loans, commercial loans are made in amounts of up to 80% of the value of the collateral securing the loan. When making commercial loans, we consider the financial statements of the borrower, our lending history with the borrower, the debt service capabilities and global cash flows of the borrower and other guarantors, the projected cash flows of the business and the value of the collateral, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. The CARES Act established the PPP through the SBA, which allowed us to lend money to small businesses to maintain employee payrolls through the COVID-19 crisis with guarantees from the SBA. PPP loans may be forgiven if the borrower maintains employee payrolls and meet certain other requirements. PPP loans have a fixed interest rate of 1.00% per annum and a maturity date of either two or five years. At December 31, 2022, we have two PPP loans totaling $2,000. At December 31, 2022, our largest commercial loan totaled $1.1 million and is secured by manufacturing equipment. Our largest commercial relationship consists of seven loans totaling $1.3 million and is secured by machinery and equipment. At December 31, 2022, these loans were performing according to the original terms. Consumer and Other Loans . At December 31, 2022, consumer and other loans were $5.6 million, or 2.2% of total loans. Our consumer loan portfolio generally consists of loans secured predominately by used automobiles, recreational vehicles, all-terrain vehicles and boats, as well as share loans secured by a deposit account at Mineola Community Bank. Loan Underwriting Risks Commercial Real Estate Loans. Loans secured by commercial real estate generally have larger balances and involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential real estate loans. The primary concern in commercial real estate lending is the borrower’s creditworthiness and the feasibility and cash flow potential of the project. Payments on loans secured by income properties often depend on successful operation and management of the properties. As a result, repayment of such loans may be subject, to a greater extent than residential real estate loans, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. To monitor cash flows on income properties, we generally require borrowers and loan guarantors to provide quarterly, semi-annual or annual financial statements, depending on the size of the loan, on commercial real estate loans. In reaching a decision on whether to make a commercial real estate loan, we consider and review a global cash flow analysis of the borrower and consider the net operating income of the property, the borrower’s expertise, credit history and profitability and the value of the underlying property. We have generally required that the properties securing these real estate loans have an aggregate debt service ratio, including the guarantor’s cash flows and the borrower’s other projects, of at least 1.15x. An environmental phase one report is obtained when the possibility exists that hazardous materials may have existed on the site, or the site may have been impacted by adjoining properties that handled hazardous materials. If we foreclose on a commercial real estate loan, the marketing and liquidation period to convert the real estate asset to cash can be lengthy with substantial holding costs. In addition, vacancies, deferred maintenance, repairs and market stigma can result in prospective buyers expecting sale price concessions to offset their real or perceived economic losses for the time it takes them to return the property to profitability. Depending on the individual circumstances, initial charge-offs and subsequent losses on commercial real estate loans can be unpredictable and substantial. Commercial Loans. Unlike residential real estate loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment or other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial loans and agricultural loans are of higher risk and typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flows of the borrower’s business, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Our commercial loans are originated primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the 10 Table of Contents borrower. Collateral for commercial loans typically consists of accounts receivable, inventory or equipment. Credit support provided by the borrower for most of these loans is based on the liquidation of the pledged collateral and enforcement of a personal guarantee, if any. Further, any collateral securing such loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial loans and agricultural loans may depend substantially on the success of the business or farm itself, respectively. Construction and Land Loans. Our construction loans are based upon estimates of costs and values associated with the completed project. Underwriting is focused on the borrowers’ financial strength, credit history and demonstrated ability to produce a quality product and effectively market and manage their operations. Construction lending involves additional risks when compared with permanent lending because funds are advanced upon the security of the project, which is of uncertain value before its completion. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, as well as the market value of the completed project and the effects of governmental regulation of real property, it is relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the related loan-to-value ratio. In addition, generally during the term of a construction loan, interest may be funded by the borrower or disbursed from an interest reserve set aside from the construction loan budget. These loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or obtain permanent take-out financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If the appraised value of a completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the project and may incur a loss. In addition, speculative construction loans, which are loans made to home builders who, at the time of loan origination, have not yet secured an end buyer for the home under construction, typically carry higher risks than those associated with traditional construction loans. These increased risks arise because of the risk that there will be inadequate demand to ensure the sale of the property within an acceptable time. As a result, in addition to the risks associated with traditional construction loans, speculative construction loans carry the added risk that the builder will have to pay the property taxes and other carrying costs of the property until an end buyer is found. Land loans have substantially similar risks to speculative construction loans. Balloon Loans. Although balloon mortgage loans may reduce to an extent our vulnerability to changes in market interest rates because they reprice at the end of the term, the ability of the borrower to renew or repay the loan and the marketability of the underlying collateral may be adversely affected if real estate values decline before the expiration of the term of the loan or in a rising interest rate environment. Consumer and Other Loans. Consumer loans may entail greater risk than residential real estate loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured or secured by assets that depreciate rapidly. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment for the outstanding loan and a small remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower. Consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are likely to be adversely affected by various factors, including job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans. Originations, Purchases and Sales of Loans Lending activities are conducted by our salaried loan personnel operating at our main and branch office locations. All loans originated by us are underwritten pursuant to our policies and procedures. We primarily originate fixed-rate loans. We originate real estate and other loans through our loan officers, marketing efforts, our customer base, walk-in customers and referrals from real estate brokers, builders and attorneys. In addition, from time to time, we may purchase or sell participation interests in loans. We underwrite our participation interest in the loan that we are purchasing according to our own underwriting criteria and procedures. At December 31, 2022, we had one purchased construction loan participation interest in commercial real estate of $403,000. At December 31, 2022, we had one purchased construction participation of $1.0 million secured by a hotel and two 11 Table of Contents purchased participations of residential real estate of $207,000. At December 31, 2022, we had one loan, secured by self-storage facilities, for which we had sold two participation interests totaling $6.5 million. We generally do not originate loans for sale. At December 31, 2022, we had no loans held for sale. Loan Approval Procedures and Authority Pursuant to Texas law, Mineola Community Bank is permitted to make loans to any one borrower or a group of related borrowers equal to 15% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus plus an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus if the loan is fully secured by readily marketable collateral for a total of 25% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. The 25% limit applies to the majority of the loans made. At December 31, 2022, based on this limitation, Mineola Community Bank’s loans-to-one-borrower limit was approximately $12.2 million. Notwithstanding this legal limit, Mineola Community Bank had an in-house limit of $3.0 million at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, our largest loan relationship with one borrower had a net outstanding balance of $10.6 million, after the sale of a $6.5 million participation interest. This loan relationship is secured by self-storage facilities, and was performing according to its original terms at December 31, 2022. Our lending is subject to written underwriting standards and origination procedures. Decisions on loan applications are made on the basis of detailed applications submitted by the prospective borrower, credit histories that we obtain, and property valuations (consistent with our appraisal policy) prepared by our internal licensed appraiser and outside independent licensed appraisers approved by our board of directors as well as internal evaluations, where permitted by regulations. The loan applications are designed primarily to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the requested loan, and the more significant items on the application are verified through use of credit reports, bank statements and tax returns. All loan approval amounts are based on the aggregate loans (total credit exposure), including total balances of outstanding loans and the proposed loan to the individual borrower and any related entity. Individual loan officer approval authorities range up to $200,000. Our Loan Committee has approval authority up to $500,000 on commercial and $750,000 on residential properties. Our Executive Committee has approval authority up to $2.0 million. Our Board of Directors must approve all loans greater than or equal to $2.0 million. These loan approval authorities are established by our loan policy. Generally, we require title insurance or abstracts on our mortgage loans as well as fire and extended coverage casualty insurance in amounts at least equal to the principal amount of the loan or the value of improvements on the property, depending on the type of loan. Delinquencies and Asset Quality Delinquency Procedures. When a loan payment becomes 15 days past due, we contact the customer by mailing a late notice, and loan officers may contact their customers. If a loan payment becomes 30 days past due, we mail an additional late notice and a loan-specific letter written by a collection representative, and we also place telephone calls to the borrower. These loan collection efforts continue until a loan becomes 90 days past due, at which point we would refer the loan for foreclosure proceedings unless management determines that it is in the best interest of Mineola Community Bank to work further with the borrower to arrange a workout plan. The foreclosure process would begin when a loan becomes 120 days delinquent. Loans Past Due and Non-Performing Assets. Loans are reviewed on a regular basis. Management determines that a loan is impaired or non-performing when it is probable at least a portion of the loan will not be collected in accordance with the original terms due to a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or the value of the underlying collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan in the allowance for loan and lease losses is based on present value of expected future cash flows, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral. Non-accrual loans are loans for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. All loans that become 90 days or more delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well 12 Table of Contents secured and in the process of collection. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a cash basis or cost recovery method. When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as real estate owned. The real estate owned is recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Soon after acquisition, we order a new appraisal to determine the current market value of the property. Any excess of the recorded value of the loan satisfied over the market value of the property is charged against the allowance for loan and lease losses, or, if the existing allowance is inadequate, charged to expense of the current period. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed. Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, we grant a concession to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider. This usually includes a modification of loan terms, such as a reduction of the interest rate to below market terms, capitalizing past due interest or extending the maturity date and possibly a partial forgiveness of the principal amount due. Interest income on restructured loans is accrued after the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay under the restructured terms through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six consecutive months. Under the CARES Act, COVID-19 related modifications to loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are exempt from troubled debt restructuring classification under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). In addition, the bank regulatory agencies have issued interagency guidance stating that COVID-19 related short-term modifications ( i.e. , six months or less) for loans that were current as of the loan modification program implementation date are not troubled debt restructurings. In 2020, we granted short-term deferrals on 44 mortgage loans and consumer loans that were otherwise performing, totaling approximately $7.2 million and one commercial real estate loan of $1.2 million. As of December 31, 2022, thirteen of these mortgage and consumer loans remained open totaling $3.3 million, with one loan of $196,000 being on nonaccrual status and the remaining loans performing according to their original terms. In addition, the commercial real estate loan was also performing with a remaining balance of $943,000. Delinquent Loans . The following table sets forth our loan delinquencies, including non-accrual loans, by type and amount at the dates indicated. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At December 31, ​ ​ 2022 ​ 2021 ​ ​ 30-59 ​ 60-89 ​ 90 Days ​ 30-59 ​ 60-89 ​ 90 Days ​ ​ Days ​ Days ​ or More ​ Days ​ Days ​ or More ​ Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due ​ ​ (In thousands) Real estate loans: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential ​ $ 1,172 ​ $ 43 ​ $ 348 $ 274 $ 106 $ 446 Multi-family ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — Commercial ​ 126 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 36 ​ — Construction and land ​ 836 ​ 94 ​ — ​ 847 ​ 773 ​ — Farmland ​ 162 ​ — ​ 165 ​ — ​ — ​ 192 Agriculture loans ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — Commercial loans ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ — Consumer loans ​ 3 ​ 7 ​ — ​ 8 ​ 44 ​ — PPP loans ​ — ​ — ​ 2 ​ — ​ — ​ 2 Total ​ $ 2,299 ​ $ 144 ​ $ 515 $ 1,129 $ 959 $ 640 ​ 13 Table of Contents Non-Performing Assets. The following table sets forth information regarding our non-performing assets. There were four non-accruing troubled debt restructurings included in non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2022 totaling $364,000 and $410,000 as of December 31, 2021. One PPP loan of $1,000 was considered non-performing at December 31, 2022 and $13,000 at December 31, 2021. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At December 31, ​ 2022 2021 ​ ​ (Dollars in thousands) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non-accrual loans: ​ ​ ​ ​ Real estate loans: ​ ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential ​ $ 548 ​ $ 768 ​ Multi-family ​ — ​ — ​ Commercial ​ 70 ​ 123 ​ Construction and land ​ — ​ — ​ Farmland ​ 165 ​ 192 ​ Agriculture loans ​ — ​ — ​ Commercial loans ​ 398 ​ 474 ​ Consumer loans ​ — ​ 33 ​ Total non-accrual loans ​ $ 1,181 ​ $ 1,590 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accruing loans past due 90 days or more ​ 1 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Real estate owned: ​ ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential ​ — ​ — ​ Multi-family ​ — ​ — ​ Commercial ​ — ​ — ​ Construction and land ​ — ​ — ​ Bank owned property held for sale ​ — ​ 209 ​ Total real estate owned ​ — ​ 209 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total non-performing assets ​ $ 1,182 ​ $ 1,799 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total accruing troubled debt restructured loans ​ $ — ​ $ 83 ​ Total non-performing loans to total loans ​ 0.47 % 0.72 % Total non-accruing loans to total loans ​ 0.47 % 0.72 % Total non-performing assets to total assets ​ 0.28 % 0.49 % ​ Classified Assets . Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured 14 Table of Contents institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, such that additional general or specific loss allowances may be required. In connection with the filing of our periodic reports with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and in accordance with our classification of assets policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. On the basis of this review of our assets, our classified and special mention assets at the dates indicated were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At December 31, ​ 2022 2021 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Substandard assets ​ $ 3,006 ​ $ 3,721 Doubtful assets ​ ​ 389 ​ 437 Loss assets ​ ​ — ​ — Total classified assets ​ $ 3,395 ​ $ 4,158 Special mention assets ​ $ 658 ​ $ 568 Foreclosed assets ​ $ — ​ $ 209 ​ Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The allowance for loan and lease losses is maintained at a level which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance is based on management’s evaluation of the collectability of the loan portfolio, including the nature of the portfolio, credit concentrations, trends in historical loss experience, specific impaired loans, and economic conditions. Allowances for impaired loans are generally determined based on collateral values or the present value of estimated cash flows. Because of uncertainties associated with regional economic conditions, collateral values, and future cash flows on impaired loans, it is reasonably possible that management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and the related allowance may change materially in the near-term. The allowance is increased by a provision for loan and lease losses, which is charged to expense and reduced by full and partial charge-offs, net of recoveries. Changes in the allowance relating to impaired loans are charged or credited to the provision for loan and lease losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on various factors, including, but not limited to, management’s ongoing review and grading of loans, facts and issues related to specific loans, historical loan loss and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-accrual loans, existing risk characteristics of specific loans or loan pools, the fair value of underlying collateral, current economic conditions and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses. As an integral part of their examination process, the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation will periodically review our allowance for loan and lease losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for loan and lease losses. However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in the process for establishing the allowance for loan and lease losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management. 15 Table of Contents The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for loan and lease losses for the periods indicated. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At or For the Years Ended ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2022 2021 ​ ​ (Dollars in thousands) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Allowance for loan and lease losses at beginning of year ​ $ 1,592 ​ $ 1,561 ​ Provision for loan and lease losses ​ ​ 208 ​ ​ 50 ​ Charge-offs: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Real estate loans: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Multi-family ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Commercial ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Construction and land ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Agriculture loans ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Commercial loans ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Consumer loans ​ ​ 26 ​ ​ 7 ​ Consumer Other – Overdrafts ​ ​ 32 ​ ​ 29 ​ PPP loans ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Total charge-offs ​ ​ 58 ​ ​ 36 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Recoveries: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Real estate loans: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Multi-family ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Commercial ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Construction and loan ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Agriculture loans ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Commercial loans ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Consumer loans ​ ​ 13 ​ ​ 17 ​ PPP loans ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Total recoveries ​ ​ 13 ​ ​ 17 ​ Net (charge-offs) recoveries ​ ​ (45) ​ ​ (19) ​ Allowance for loan and lease losses at end of year ​ $ 1,755 ​ $ 1,592 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Allowance for loan and lease losses to non-performing loans ​ ​ 148.60 % 100.13 % Allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans outstanding at the end of the year ​ ​ 0.69 % 0.72 % Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during the year ​ ​ (0.02) % (0.01) % ​ 16 Table of Contents Allocation of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses. The following tables set forth the allowance for loan and lease losses allocated by loan category and the percent of the allowance in each category to the total allocated allowance at the dates indicated. The allowance for loan and lease losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At December 31, ​ ​ ​ 2022 ​ 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percent of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percent of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Allowance ​ Percent of ​ ​ ​ ​ Allowance ​ Percent of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ in Each ​ Loans in ​ ​ ​ ​ in Each ​ Loans in ​ ​ ​ Allowance ​ Category ​ Each ​ Allowance ​ Category ​ Each ​ ​ ​ for Loan ​ to Total ​ Category ​ for Loan ​ to Total ​ Category ​ ​ ​ and Lease ​ Allocated ​ to Total ​ and Lease ​ Allocated ​ to Total ​ ​ Losses Allowance Loans Losses Allowance Loans ​ ​ ​ (Dollars in thousands) ​ Real estate loans: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ One- to four-family residential & multi-family ​ $ 810 ​ 46 % 64 % $ 805 ​ 51 % 69 % Commercial ​ ​ 228 ​ 13 ​ 13 ​ ​ 214 ​ 13 % 14 % Construction and land 263 ​ 15 14 ​ 132 ​ 8 % 8 % Farmland 31 ​ 2 3 ​ 27 ​ 2 % 3 % Agriculture loans 1 ​ — — ​ 1 ​ — — % Commercial loans 359 ​ 20 3 ​ 357 ​ 22 % 3 % Consumer loans 50 ​ 3 2 ​ 44 ​ 3 % 2 % Other 13 ​ 1 1 ​ 12 ​ 1 1 ​ PPP loans — ​ — % — % ​ — ​ — % — % Total allocated allowance $ 1,755 ​ 100 % 100 % $ 1,592 ​ 100 % 100 % ​ Investment Activities General . The goals of our investment policy is to maximize portfolio yield over the long term in a manner that is consistent with minimizing risk, meeting liquidity needs, meeting pledging requirements, and meeting asset/liability management and interest rate risk strategies. Subject to loan demand and our interest rate risk analysis, we will increase the balance of our investment securities portfolio when we have excess liquidity. Our investment policy was adopted by the board of directors and is reviewed annually by the board of directors. All investment decisions are made by our Asset/Liability Committee according to board-approved policies. An investment schedule detailing the investment portfolio is reviewed at least monthly by the board of directors. Our current investment policy permits, with certain limitations, investments in: U.S. Treasury securities; securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies or government sponsored enterprises including mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations; corporate and municipal bonds; certificates of deposit in other financial institutions; federal funds and money market funds. At December 31, 2022, our investment portfolio consisted of U.S. Treasury securities, securities and obligations issued by U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises and others including mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate bonds including bank subordinated debt as well as state and municipal securities. At December 31, 2022, we also owned $2.5 million of Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas stock. As a member of Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, we are required to purchase stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, which is carried at cost and classified as a restricted investment. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, all of our available for sale investment securities are carried at fair value through accumulated other comprehensive loss and our held to maturity securities are carried at cost. 17 Table of Contents For additional information regarding our investment securities portfolio, see Note 3 to the notes to consolidated financial statements. Sources of Funds General. Customer deposits have traditionally been our primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities. We also use borrowings, and occasionally brokered deposits, to supplement cash flow needs, lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk purposes and to manage the cost of funds. In addition, we receive funds from scheduled loan payments, investment maturities, loan prepayments, retained earnings and income on earning assets. While scheduled loan payments and income on earning assets are relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and levels of competition. Deposits. Our deposits are generated primarily from our primary market area. We occasionally attain brokered deposits. We offer a selection of deposit accounts, including savings accounts, checking accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit and individual retirement accounts. Deposit account terms vary, with the principal differences being the minimum balance required, the amount of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate. Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies and market rates, liquidity requirements, rates paid by competitors and growth goals. We rely upon personalized customer service, long-standing relationships with customers, and the favorable image of Mineola Community Bank in the community to attract and retain local deposits. We also seek to obtain deposits from our commercial loan customers. The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in money market and other prevailing interest rates and competition. The variety of deposit accounts offered allows us to be competitive in obtaining funds and responding to changes in consumer demand. Based on experience, we believe that our deposits are relatively stable. However, the ability to attract and maintain deposits and the rates paid on these deposits, has been and will continue to be significantly affected by market conditions. The following table sets forth the distribution of total deposits by account type at the dates indicated. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At December 31, ​ ​ 2022 ​ 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Average ​ Amount Percent Rate Amount Percent Rate ​ ​ (Dollars in thousands) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Noninterest-bearing demand deposits ​ $ 45,823 ​ 15.5 % — % $ 40,576 ​ 14.7 % — % Interest-bearing demand deposits ​ 68,912 ​ 23.3 % ​ 0.35 % ​ 71,247 ​ 25.9 % 0.34 % Regular savings deposits and other deposits ​ 66,586 ​ 22.5 % ​ 0.35 % ​ 79,616 ​ 29.0 % 0.37 % Money market deposits ​ 25,338 ​ 8.5 % ​ 0.78 % ​ 10,950 ​ 4.0 % 0.37 % Certificates of deposit ​ 89,418 ​ 30.2 % ​ 1.18 % ​ 72,544 ​ 26.4 % 1.27 % Total ​ $ 296,077 ​ 100.0 % ​ ​ ​ $ 274,933 100.0 % ​ ​ ​ At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the aggregate amount of uninsured deposits (which are deposits in amounts greater than $250,000, which is the maximum amount for federal deposit insurance) was $17.4 million and $28.3 million, respectively. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the aggregate amount of all our uninsured certificates of deposit was $5.9 million and $4.9 million, respectively. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had no deposits that were uninsured for any reason other than being in excess of the maximum amount for federal deposit insurance. At 18 Table of Contents December 31, 2022, we had $12.0 million in callable brokered certificates of deposit that were fully insured and issued as part of an investment strategy. The following table sets forth the maturity of our uninsured certificates of deposit at December 31, 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ At December 31, ​ 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Maturity Period: ​ ​ Three months or less ​ $ 2,130 Over three through six months ​ ​ 253 Over six through twelve months ​ ​ 1,838 Over twelve months ​ 1,673 Total ​ $ 5,894 ​ Borrowings . At December 31, 2022, we had outstanding advances of $62.5 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas. At December 31, 2022, we had unused borrowing capacity of $73.4 million with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas. For further information regarding our borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, see note 10 of the notes to consolidated financial statements. Personnel As of December 31, 2022, we had 61 full-time employees and five part-time employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. Management believes that we have good working relations with our employees. Subsidiary Activities Mineola Community Bank is the sole and wholly owned subsidiary of Texas Community Bancshares, Inc. Mineola Community Bank has one subsidiary, Mineola Financial Service Corporation, which is currently inactive. ​ Supervision and Regulation General As a Texas-chartered savings bank, Mineola Community Bank is subject to examination and regulation by the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending, and is also subject to examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as deposit insurer. The state and federal system of regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which Mineola Community Bank may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s Deposit Insurance Fund, and not for the protection of security holders. Mineola Community Bank also is a member of and owns stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System. Under this system of regulation, the regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory, enforcement, rulemaking and examination activities and policies, including rules or policies that: establish minimum capital levels; restrict the timing and amount of dividend payments; govern the classification of assets; provide oversight for the adequacy of loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes; and establish the timing and amounts of assessments and fees. Moreover, as part of their examination authority, the banking regulators assign numerical ratings to banks and savings institutions relating to capital, asset quality, management, liquidity, earnings and other factors. These ratings are inherently subjective and the receipt of a less than satisfactory rating in one or more categories may result in enforcement action by the banking regulators against a financial institution. A less than satisfactory rating may also prevent a financial institution, such as Mineola Community Bank or its holding company, from obtaining necessary 19 Table of Contents regulatory approvals to access the capital markets, pay dividends, acquire other financial institutions or establish new branches. In addition, we must comply with significant anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism laws and regulations, Community Reinvestment Act laws and regulations, and fair lending laws and regulations. Mineola Community Bank must comply with consumer protection regulations issued by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, as enforced by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Government agencies have the authority to impose monetary penalties and other sanctions on institutions that fail to comply with these laws and regulations, which could significantly affect our business activities, including our ability to acquire other financial institutions or expand our branch network. Texas Community Bancshares is a bank holding company and is required to comply with the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board. It is required to file certain reports with the Federal Reserve Board and is subject to examination by and the enforcement authority of the Federal Reserve Board. Additionally, the Federal Reserve Board may directly examine the subsidiaries of a bank holding company, including Mineola Community Bank. Texas Community Bancshares is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws. Any change in applicable laws or regulations, whether by the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or Congress, could have a material adverse impact on the operations and financial performance of Texas Community Bancshares and Mineola Community Bank. Set forth below is a brief description of material regulatory requirements that are or will be applicable to Mineola Community Bank and Texas Community Bancshares. The description is limited to certain material aspects of the statutes and regulations addressed, and is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on Mineola Community Bank and Texas Community Bancshares. Savings Bank Regulation Business Activities. As a Texas-chartered savings bank, Mineola Community Bank is subject to supervision and regulation by the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending supervises and regulates all areas of Mineola Community Bank’s operations including, without limitation, the making of loans, the issuance of securities, the conduct of corporate affairs, the satisfaction of capital adequacy requirements, the payment of dividends, and the establishment or closing of banking offices. The Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending also conducts examinations of state savings banks and generally conducts joint examinations with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending charges assessments and fees which recover the costs of examining state savings banks, processing applications and other filings and covering direct and indirect expenses in regulating state savings banks. The Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending also has certain enforcement powers over Mineola Community Bank. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is Mineola Community Bank’s primary federal regulator, which periodically examines Mineola Community Bank’s operations and financial condition and compliance with federal consumer protection laws. In addition, Mineola Community Bank’s deposit accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to the maximum extent permitted by law, and it has certain enforcement powers over the Bank. Mineola Community Bank is empowered by statute, subject to the limitations contained in those statutes, to take and pay interest on savings and time deposits, to accept demand deposits, to make loans on residential and other real estate, to make consumer and commercial loans, to invest, with certain limitations, in equity securities and in debt obligations of banks and corporations and to provide various other banking services for the benefit of Mineola Community Bank’s customers. Various state consumer laws and regulations also affect the operations of Mineola Community Bank, including state usury laws and consumer credit laws. 20 Table of Contents Texas law further provides that, subject to the limitations established by rule of the Texas Finance Commission, a Texas savings bank may make any loan or investment or engage in any activity permitted under state law for a bank or savings and loan association or under federal law for a federal savings and loan association, savings bank or national bank if such institution’s principal office is located in Texas. This provision is commonly referred to as the “Expansion of Powers” provision of the Texas Finance Code applicable to state savings banks. Under federal law, a Texas state savings bank is a state bank. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 provides that no state bank or any subsidiary of a state bank may engage as a principal in any activity not permitted for national banks, unless the institution complies with applicable capital requirements and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation determines that the activity poses no significant risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund. Texas state-chartered savings banks are required to maintain at least 50% of their portfolio assets in qualified thrift investments as defined by in federal law and other assets determined by the Commissioner of the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending under rules adopted by the Texas Finance Commission, to be substantially equivalent to qualified thrift investments or which further residential lending or community development. Capital Requirements . Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets ratio of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for calculating risk-based capital ratios, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets ( e.g. , recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests) are multiplied by a risk-weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and related surplus and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes certain non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus, meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation takes into consideration not only these numeric factors, but qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual institutions where deemed necessary. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. Federal law required the federal banking agencies, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to establish a “community bank leverage ratio” of between 8% and 10% for institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. Institutions with capital complying with the ratio and otherwise meeting the specified requirements and electing the alternative framework are considered to comply with the applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the risk-based requirements. The community bank leverage ratio was established at 9% Tier 1 capital to total average assets, effective January 1, 2020. A qualifying institution may opt in and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report. An institution that temporarily ceases to meet any qualifying criteria is provided with a two-quarter grace period to regain compliance. Failure to meet the qualifying criteria within the grace period or maintain a leverage ratio of 8% or greater requires the institution to comply with the generally applicable regulatory capital requirements. 21 Table of Contents The CARES Act lowered the community bank leverage ratio to 8%, with federal regulation making the reduced ratio effective April 23, 2020. Another rule was issued to transition back to the 9% community bank leverage ratio by increasing the ratio to 8.5% for calendar year 2021 and to 9% thereafter. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. At December 31, 2022, Mineola Community Bank had opted into the community bank leverage ratio framework and its capital exceeded all applicable requirements. Loans-to-One Borrower. Because of the availability of the savings bank expansion of powers language in the Texas Finance Code, savings banks have flexibility in the calculation of their applicable lending limit. The lending limit applicable to state banks in Texas is broader than the limit applicable to national banks. The Texas Finance Code adopts the lending limit applicable to federal savings associations under federal law for state savings banks, however, Texas savings bank are permitted under the expansion of power authority to adopt the legal lending limit applicable to national banks or state banks. Generally (subject to certain exceptions) the lending limit for loans to one person for national banks and state banks is 15% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus plus an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus if the loan is fully secured by readily marketable collateral. The lending limit for state banks in Texas is generally 15% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus plus an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus if the loan is fully secured by readily marketable collateral. The adoption of the lending limit for national banks or state banks must incorporate the limitations applicable to the standard adopted. Mineola Community Bank has adopted the lending limit applicable to state banks or 15% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus plus an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus for a total of 25% if the loan is fully secured by readily marketable collateral. At December 31, 2022, Mineola Community Bank was in compliance with the loans-to-one borrower limitations. Capital Distributions. The Federal Deposit Insurance Act generally provides that an insured depository institution may not make any capital distribution if, after making such distribution, the institution would fail to meet any applicable regulatory capital requirement. Unless the approval of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is obtained, Mineola Community Bank may not declare or pay a dividend if the total of all dividends declared during the calendar year, including the proposed dividend, exceeds the sum of its net income during the current calendar year and the retained net income of the prior two calendar years. Under Texas law, Mineola Community Bank is permitted to declare and pay a dividend on capital stock only out of current or retained income. Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Laws. All insured depository institutions have a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act and related regulations to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low- and moderate-income borrowers. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is required to assess Mineola Community Bank’s record of compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. An institution’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act could, at a minimum, result in denial of certain corporate applications such as branches or mergers, or in restrictions on its activities. In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act prohibit lenders from discriminating in their lending practices. The failure to comply with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act could result in enforcement actions by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as well as other federal regulatory agencies and the Department of Justice. The Community Reinvestment Act requires all institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to publicly disclose their rating. Mineola Community Bank received a “satisfactory” Community Reinvestment Act rating in its most recent federal examination. Transactions with Related Parties. An insured depository institution’s authority to engage in transactions with its affiliates is generally limited by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and federal regulation. An affiliate is generally a company that controls, or is under common control with, an insured depository institution such as Mineola Community Bank. Texas Community Bancshares will be an affiliate of Mineola Community Bank because of its control 22 Table of Contents of Mineola Community Bank. In general, transactions between an insured depository institution and its affiliates are subject to certain quantitative limits and collateral requirements. In addition, federal regulations prohibit a savings bank from lending to any of its affiliates that are engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and from purchasing the securities of any affiliate, other than a subsidiary. Finally, transactions with affiliates must be consistent with safe and sound banking practices, not involve the purchase of low-quality assets and be on terms that are as favorable to the institution as comparable transactions with non-affiliates. Mineola Community Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% stockholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve Board. Among other things, these provisions generally require that extensions of credit to insiders: ● be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and ● not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of Mineola Community Bank’s capital. In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by Mineola Community Bank’s board of directors. Extensions of credit to executive officers are subject to additional limits based on the type of extension involved. Enforcement. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has primary enforcement responsibility over state savings banks and has authority to bring enforcement action against all “institution-affiliated parties,” including directors, officers, stockholders, attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on a state savings bank. Formal enforcement action by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation may range from the issuance of a capital directive or cease and desist order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution and the appointment of a receiver or conservator. Civil penalties cover a wide range of violations and actions, and range up to $25,000 per day, unless a finding of reckless disregard is made, in which case penalties may be as high as $1 million per day. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation also has the authority to terminate deposit insurance. Standards for Safety and Soundness. Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe certain standards for the insured depository institutions they supervise. These standards relate to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, compensation and benefits, and other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. Interagency guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard. If an institution fails to meet these standards, the appropriate federal banking agency may require the institution to implement an acceptable compliance plan. Failure to implement such a plan can result in further enforcement action, including the issuance of a cease and desist order or the imposition of civil money penalties. Branching. Federal law permits insured state banks to engage in interstate branching if the laws of the state where the new banking office is to be established would permit the establishment of the banking office if it were chartered by a bank in such state. Under current Texas law, Mineola Community Bank can establish a branch in Texas or in any other state. All branch applications require prior approval of the Texas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Finally, Mineola Community Bank may also establish banking offices in other states by merging with banks or by purchasing banking offices of other banks in other states, subject to certain restrictions. 23 Table of Contents Prompt Corrective Action. Federal law requires, among other things, that federal banking agencies take “prompt corrective action” with respect to institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. For this purpose, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s regulations stablish five capital categories: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized. Under applicable regulations, an institution is deemed to be “well capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater and a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 6.5% or greater. An institution is “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater and a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 4.5% or greater. An institution is “undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 4.0% or a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 4.5%. An institution is deemed to be “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 3.0% or a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 3.0%. An institution is considered to be “critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio of tangible equity (as defined in the regulations) to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%. At each successive lower capital category, an insured depository institution is subject to more restrictions and prohibitions, including restrictions on growth, restrictions on interest rates paid on deposits, restrictions or prohibitions on the payment of dividends, and restrictions on the acceptance of brokered deposits. Furthermore, if an insured depository institution is classified in one of the undercapitalized categories, it is required to submit a capital restoration plan to the appropriate federal banking agency, and the holding company must guarantee the performance of that plan. Based upon its capital levels, a bank that is classified as well-capitalized, adequately capitalized, or undercapitalized may be treated as though it were in the next lower capital category if the appropriate federal banking agency, after notice and opportunity for hearing, determines that an unsafe or unsound condition, or an unsafe or unsound practice, warrants such treatment. An undercapitalized bank’s compliance with a capital restoration plan is required to be guaranteed by any company that controls the undercapitalized institution in an amount equal to the lesser of 5.0% of the institution’s total assets when deemed undercapitalized or the amount necessary to achieve the status of adequately capitalized. If an “undercapitalized” bank fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is “significantly undercapitalized.” “Significantly undercapitalized” banks must comply with one or more of a number of additional restrictions, including a regulatory order to sell sufficient voting stock to become adequately capitalized, requirements to reduce total assets, ceasing receipt of deposits from correspondent banks, dismissal of directors or officers, and restrictions on interest rates paid on deposits, compensation of executive officers and capital distributions by the parent holding company. “Critically undercapitalized” institutions are subject to additional measures including, subject to a narrow exception, the appointment of a receiver or conservator within 270 days after it obtains such status. The previously referenced final rule establishing an elective “community bank leverage ratio” regulatory capital framework provides that a qualifying institution whose capital exceeds the community bank leverage ratio and opts to use that framework will be considered “well-capitalized” for purposes of prompt corrective action. At December 31, 2022, Mineola Community Bank met the criteria for being considered “well capitalized.” Insurance of Deposit Accounts. The Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures deposits at Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured financial institutions such as Mineola Community Bank, generally up to a maximum of $250,000 per separately insured depositor. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation charges insured depository institutions premiums to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s risk-based assessment system, institutions deemed less risky of failure pay lower assessments. Assessments for institutions of less than $10 billion of assets are based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical modeling estimating the probability of an institution’s failure within three years. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has authority to increase insurance assessments. Any significant increases would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of Mineola Community Bank. We cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future. 24 Table of Contents Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Mineola Community Bank does not know of any practice, condition or violation that may lead to termination of its deposit insurance. Privacy Regulations. Federal regulations generally require that Mineola Community Bank disclose its privacy policy, including identifying with whom it shares a customer’s “non-public personal information,” to customers at the time of establishing the customer relationship and annually thereafter. In addition, Mineola Community Bank is required to provide its customers with the ability to “opt-out” of having their personal information shared with unaffiliated third parties and not to disclose account numbers or access codes to non-affiliated third parties for marketing purposes. Mineola Community Bank currently has a privacy protection policy in place and believes that such policy is in compliance with the regulations. USA PATRIOT Act. Mineola Community Bank is subject to the USA PATRIOT Act, which gives federal agencies additional powers to address terrorist threats through enhanced domestic security measures, expanded surveillance powers, increased information sharing, and broadened anti-money laundering requirements. The USA PATRIOT Act contains provisions intended to encourage information sharing among bank regulatory agencies and law enforcement bodies and imposes affirmative obligations on financial institutions, such as enhanced recordkeeping and customer identification requirements. Prohibitions Against Tying Arrangements . State savings banks are prohibited, subject to some exceptions, from extending credit to or offering any other service, or fixing or varying the consideration for such extension of credit or service, on the condition that the customer obtain some additional service from the institution or its affiliates or not obtain services of a competitor of the institution. Other Regulations Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by Mineola Community Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. Loan operations are also subject to state and federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the: ● Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves; ● Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit; ● Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies; and ● Rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws. The deposit operations of Mineola Community Bank also are subject to, among others, the: ● Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; ● Check Clearing for the 21 st Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check; and 25 Table of Contents ● Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services. Federal Home Loan Bank System Mineola Community Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks. The Federal Home Loan Bank provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. Members of the Federal Home Loan Bank are required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in their Federal Home Loan Bank. Mineola Community Bank complied with this requirement at December 31, 2022. Based on redemption provisions of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, the stock has no quoted market value and is carried at cost. Mineola Community Bank reviews for impairment, based on the ultimate recoverability, the cost basis of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas stock. At December 31, 2022, no impairment had been recognized. Holding Company Regulation Texas Community Bancshares is a bank holding company within the meaning of Bank Holding Company of 1956, as amended. As such, Texas Community Bancshares is registered with the Federal Reserve Board and subject to regulations, examinations, supervision and reporting requirements applicable to bank holding companies. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over Texas Community Bancshares and its non-savings bank subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to Mineola Community Bank. A bank holding company is generally prohibited from engaging in non-banking activities, or acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting securities of any company engaged in non-banking activities. One of the principal exceptions to this prohibition is for activities found by the Federal Reserve Board to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. Some of the principal activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined by regulation to be so closely related to banking are: (i) making or servicing loans; (ii) performing certain data processing services; (iii) providing discount brokerage services; (iv) acting as fiduciary, investment or financial advisor; (v) leasing personal or real property; (vi) making investments in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare; and (vii) acquiring a savings association whose direct and indirect activities are limited to those permitted for bank holding companies. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 authorized a bank holding company that meets specified conditions, including being “well capitalized” and “well managed,” to opt to become a “financial holding company” and thereby engage in a broader array of financial activities than previously permitted. Such activities can include insurance underwriting and investment banking. Bank holding companies with less than $3 billion in consolidated assets are exempt from consolidated regulatory capital requirements unless the Federal Reserve Board determines otherwise in particular cases. By law, holding companies, including bank holding companies, must act as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing capital, liquidity and other support in times of financial stress. The Federal Reserve Board has issued supervisory policies regarding the payment of dividends and the repurchase of shares of common stock by bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance provides for prior regulatory consultation with respect to capital distributions in certain circumstances such as where the company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of capital distributions previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the company’s overall rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall financial condition. The ability of a holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. The policy statement also states that a holding company should inform the Federal Reserve Board supervisory staff before redeeming or 26 Table of Contents repurchasing common stock or perpetual preferred stock if the holding company is experiencing financial weaknesses or if the repurchase or redemption would result in a net reduction, at the end of a quarter, in the amount of such equity instruments outstanding compared with the beginning of the quarter in which the redemption or repurchase occurred. These regulatory policies may affect the ability of Texas Community Bancshares to pay dividends, repurchase shares of common stock or otherwise engage in capital distributions. Change in Control Regulations Under the Change in Bank Control Act, no person or group of persons may acquire “control” of a bank holding company, such as Texas Community Bancshares, unless the Federal Reserve Board has been given 60 days’ prior written notice and has not issued a notice disapproving the proposed acquisition, taking into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition. Control, as defined under federal law, means ownership, control of or holding irrevocable proxies representing more than 25% of any class of voting stock, control in any manner of the election of a majority of the institution’s directors, or a determination by the regulator that the acquirer has the power, directly or indirectly, to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of the institution. There is a presumption of control upon the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock if the holding company involved has its shares registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or, of the holding company involved does now have its shares registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, if no other persons will own, control or hold the power to vote a greater percentage of that class of voting security after the acquisition. Federal Securities Laws The common stock of Texas Community Bancshares is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Texas Community Bancshares is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is intended to improve corporate responsibility, to provide for enhanced penalties for accounting and auditing improprieties at publicly traded companies and to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures pursuant to the securities laws. We have policies, procedures and systems designed to comply with these regulations, and we review and document such policies, procedures and systems to ensure continued compliance with these regulations. Emerging Growth Company Status Texas Community Bancshares is an emerging growth company. For as long as it continues to be an emerging growth company, it may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to public companies. These exemptions include, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As an emerging growth company, Texas Community Bancshares also will not be subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which would require that our independent auditors audit our internal control over financial reporting. We have also elected not to use the extended transition period to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. Such an election is irrevocable during the period a company is an emerging growth company. Texas Community Bancshares will cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest of: (i) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the Conversion; (ii) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenues are $1.07 billion (adjusted for inflation) or more; (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; or (iv) the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million at the end of the 27 Table of Contents second quarter of that fiscal year. We expect to lose our status as an emerging growth company effective December 31, 2026, which is the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion date of the Conversion. Taxation Mineola Community Bank and Texas Community Bancshares are subject to federal and state income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal and state taxation is intended only to summarize certain pertinent tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to Texas Community Bancshares or Mineola Community Bank. Our federal and state tax returns have not been audited for the past five years. Federal Taxation Method of Accounting. Mineola Community Bank currently reports income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and use a tax year ending December 31 for filing their federal income tax returns. The Small Business Protection Act of 1996 eliminated the use of the reserve method of accounting for income taxes on bad debt reserves by savings institutions. For taxable years beginning after 1995, Mineola Community Bank has been subject to the same bad debt reserve rules as commercial banks. It currently utilizes the specific charge-off method under Section 582(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”). Texas Community Bancshares and Mineola Community Bank will file a consolidated federal income tax return. Alternative Minimum Tax. The Internal Revenue Code imposes an alternative minimum tax at a rate of 20% on a base of regular taxable income plus certain tax preferences, less an exemption amount, referred to as “alternative minimum taxable income.” The alternative minimum tax is payable to the extent tax computed this way exceeds tax computed by applying the regular tax rates to regular taxable income. Net operating losses can, in general, offset no more than 90% of alternative minimum taxable income. Certain payments of alternative minimum tax may be used as credits against regular tax liabilities in future years. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act repealed the alternative minimum tax for income generated after January 1, 2018. At December 31, 2022, Mineola Community Bank had no minimum tax credit carryovers. Net Operating Loss Carryovers. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act generally, a financial institution may carry net operating losses forward indefinitely. At December 31, 2022, Mineola Community Bank had no federal net operating loss carryforwards. Capital Loss Carryovers. A corporation cannot recognize capital losses in excess of capital gains generated. Generally, a financial institution may carry back capital losses to the preceding three taxable years and forward to the succeeding five taxable years. Any capital loss carryback or carryover is treated as a short-term capital loss for the year to which it is carried. As such, it is grouped with any other capital losses for the year to which it is carried and is used to offset any capital gains. Any undeducted loss remaining after the five-year carryover period is no longer deductible. At December 31, 2022, Mineola Community Bank had no capital loss carryovers. Corporate Dividends. Texas Community Bancshares, Inc. may generally exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from Mineola Community Bank, as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations. State Taxation Texas State Taxation . Texas Community Bancshares and Mineola Community Bank file a combined annual report and pay franchise tax to the State of Texas. Maryland State Taxation. As a Maryland business corporation, Texas Community Bancshares is required to file a personal property and income tax return and pay taxes to the State of Maryland. ​ 28 Table of Contents ITEM 1A. Risk Factors Not applicable, as Texas Community Bancshares is a “smaller reporting company.” ​ ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. ​