Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
General
Management’s discussion and analysis is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The financial information in this section is derived from the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes. You should read the financial information in this section in conjunction with the business and financial information contained in this report and in the Company’s definitive prospectus dated August 12, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2025.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained herein are “forward looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
● statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
● statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
● statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
● estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
● the proposed conversion of Seneca Financial Corp. and Seneca Financial MHC from the mutual holding company form of organization to the stock holding company form of organization, pursuant to which the Company will become the bank holding company for Seneca Savings Bank, National Association, remains subject to final regulatory approvals, approval by the members of Seneca Financial MHC and the stockholders of Seneca Financial Corp., and other closing conditions, and the conversion may not be timely completed, if at all;
● inflation, tariffs and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make;
● general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;
● events involving the failure of financial institutions may adversely affect our business, and the market price of our common stock;
● changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;
● our ability to access cost-effective funding;
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● fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;
● demand for loans and deposits in our market area;
● our ability to implement and change our business strategies;
● competition among depository and other financial institutions;
● adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets, including our ability to sell loans in the secondary market;
● changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
● changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;
● technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
● the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;
● a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks;
● our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;
● our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
● our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;
● changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
● changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
● our ability to retain key employees;
● any future FDIC insurance premium increases or special assessments may adversely affect our earnings;
● our ability to prevent or mitigate fraudulent activity;
● our ability to evaluate the amount and timing of recognition of future tax assets and liabilities;
● political instability or civil unrest;
● acts of war or terrorism or public health emergencies such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic;
● our ability to control operating costs and expenses, including compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees;
● changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own; and
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● our inability to sell our foreclosed assets, net at an amount equal to or greater than the carrying amount.
Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law or regulation, we do not undertake, and we specifically disclaim any obligation, to release publicly the results of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
Overview
Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, consisting primarily of loans, investment securities and other interest-earning assets (cash and cash equivalents), and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, consisting primarily of demand accounts, NOW accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificate of deposit accounts and borrowings.
Our results of operations also are affected by non-interest income, our provision for credit losses and non-interest expense. Non-interest income consists primarily of fee income and service fees, income from our financial services division, earnings on bank owned life insurance, realized gains on sales of loans and securities and other income. Non-interest expenses consist primarily of compensation and employee benefits, core processing, premises and equipment, professional fees, postage and office supplies, FDIC premiums, advertising and other expenses.
Financial institutions like us, in general, are significantly affected by economic conditions, competition, and the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government. Lending activities are influenced by the demand for and supply of housing and commercial real estate, competition among lenders, interest rate conditions, and funds availability. Our operations and lending are principally concentrated in Onondaga and Madison Counties and the greater Syracuse, New York area, and our operations and earnings are influenced by local economic conditions. Deposit balances and cost of funds are influenced by prevailing market rates on competing investments, customer preferences, and levels of personal income and savings in our primary market area. Operations are also significantly impacted by government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. Future changes in applicable law, regulations or government policies, as well as regulatory actions, may materially impact our financial performance.
Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. As a result, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available at that time. Critical accounting estimates include the areas where we have made what we consider to be particularly difficult, subjective, or complex judgments concerning estimates, and where these estimates can significantly affect our financial results under different assumptions and conditions. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the years presented. Actual results could be different from these estimates. We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and update them as needed. Significant accounting policies are presented in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses on loans represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual term of loans, and is recorded at an amount that, in management’s judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. Management considers the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting estimate, given the uncertainty in estimating lifetime credit losses attributable to our portfolios of assets exhibiting credit risk, particularly in our loan portfolio, and the material effect that such judgments can have on our results of operations. Determining the amount requires significant judgment on the part of management, is multi-faceted, and can be imprecise. The level of the allowance for credit losses on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and expectations of the future based on reasonable and supportable forecasts.
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The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income, and evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is performed by management on a quarterly basis. While management uses available information to anticipate credit losses, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions or the composition of our portfolios. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for credit losses. At each of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on loans totaled $1.8 million. Due to the nature and composition of our lending activities, a significant portion of the allowance for credit losses on loans is allocated to the commercial real estate portfolio. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on loans allocated to our commercial real estate portfolio was $ 504,000, or 28.0%, and $432,000, or 24.0%, respectively.
Our methodology for maintaining our allowance for credit losses is based on historical experience and data, current economic information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accordingly, the estimation of the allowance for credit losses is impacted by the economic forecasts utilized, which require the use of significant judgment. Deterioration in forecasted economic conditions may lead to further required increases to the allowance for credit losses. Conversely, improvements in forecasted economic conditions may warrant further reductions to the allowance for credit losses. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, management considers the sensitivity of the model and significant judgments and assumptions that could result in an amount that is materially different from management’s estimate.
Loans that have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on a collective basis for the purposes of establishing the allowance for credit losses. Qualitative risk factors evaluated include:
● changes in the local economy and economic forecasts;
● changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans;
● concentration of credit exposure;
● changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses;
● digital lending risk; and
● changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are also not included in the collective evaluation. A collateral-dependent asset is a financial asset for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower, based on management’s assessment, is experiencing financial difficulty. The allowance for credit loss for a collateral dependent financial asset is measured using the fair value of collateral. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.
The allowance for credit losses is sensitive to various forecasted macroeconomic drivers, including the Federal Open Market Committee’s (“FOMC”) median forecasted U.S. civilian unemployment rate and the year-over-year change in U.S. Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”). While it is difficult to estimate how potential changes to various factors may impact the allowance for credit losses because such changes to factors may not occur at the same rate or in the same direction, management compared the modeled allowance for credit losses on loans to a hypothetical model using a downside economic forecast. Using an immediate “shock” or increase of 20 basis points in the FOMC’s projected rate of U.S. civilian unemployment, and a decrease of 100 basis points in the FOMC’s projected rate of U.S. GDP growth, this would increase the model’s total calculated allowance for credit losses on loans by $451,000 or 25.4%, representing a ten basis points increase to the coverage ratio of the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of
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loans at amortized cost, assuming all other quantitative and qualitative factors are kept at current levels, as of June 30, 2025. This example is only one of the numerous possible economic scenarios that could be utilized in assessing the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses and does not represent management’s assumptions or judgment of factors as of June 30, 2025.
Unexpected changes in economic growth could adversely affect our results of operations, including causing increases in delinquencies and default rates on loans, which would adversely impact our charge-offs, allowance for credit losses, and provision for credit losses. Deterioration in real estate values, employment data and household incomes may also result in higher credit losses for us. Also, in the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to a concentration of credit risk to a particular industry, counterparty, borrower or issuer. A deterioration in the financial condition or prospects of a particular industry or a failure or downgrade of, or default by, any particular entity or group of entities could negatively impact our business, perhaps materially, and the systems by which we set limits and monitor the level of our credit exposure to individual entities and industries, may not function as we have anticipated.
Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
Total Assets. Total assets were $299.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and $280.9 million as of December 31, 2024, an increase of $18.1 million, or 6.5%. The increase in assets was primarily due to a $7.2 million increase in net loans, a $6.0 million increase in cash and cash equivalents, a $2.1 million increase in available for sale securities, a $1.8 million increase in fixed assets, and an $823,000 increase in prepaid expenses.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased $6.0 million, or 89.0%, to $12.8 million at June 30, 2025 from $6.8 million at December 31, 2024. The increase primarily resulted from an $18.2 million increase in total deposits, partially offset by a $7.2 million increase in net loans, a $2.1 million increase in available for sale securities, a $1.8 million increase in fixed assets relating to a new branch location in Manlius, New York opened in June 2025, and an $823,000 increase in prepaid expenses.
Available-for-Sale Securities. Available-for-sale securities increased by $2.1 million, or 4.5%, to $48.6 million at June 30, 2025 from $46.5 million at December 31, 2024. This increase was primarily due to $12.7 million in purchases of U.S. treasury bonds during the six months ended June 30, 2025, partially offset by the maturity of a $10.0 million U.S. treasury bond during the first quarter of 2025.
Net Loans. Loans receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses, increased $7.2 million, or 3.5%, to $209.6 million at June 30, 2025 from $202.4 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in net loans was primarily driven by the origination of $19.8 million of loans, partially offset by $8.0 million of paydowns and $4.6 million of loan sales during the six months ended June 30, 2025. Commercial real estate loans increased to $69.9 million at June 30, 2025 from $59.5 million at December 31, 2024, as we hired a new commercial lender in mid-2024 to continue to grow this portfolio. Commercial and industrial loans decreased to $23.7 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $23.4 million at December 31, 2024. One- to four-family residential mortgage loans decreased to $96.4 million at June 30, 2025 from $101.2 million at December 31, 2024, as we focused on sales of such loans in the secondary market, while home equity loans and lines of credit increased to $14.3 million at June 30, 2025 from $11.9 million at December 31, 2024. Consumer and other loans decreased to $5.1 million at June 30, 2025 from $5.4 million at December 31, 2024.
Deposits. Total deposits increased by $18.2 million, or 8.7%, to $228.8 million at June 30, 2025 from $210.6 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily a result of an increase in commercial deposits of $3.4 million and an increase in retail deposits of $14.8 million, as we strategically increased our focus on gathering commercial deposits and invested in advertising and marketing campaigns. Core deposits (which we define as all deposits other than certificates of deposit and brokered deposits) increased $20.0 million, or 14.0% to $163.2 million at June 30, 2025 from $143.2 million at December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, money market deposits increased by $14.7 million, NOW and demand deposits increased by $1.3 million, and savings accounts increased by $4.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in time deposits by $1.7 million compared to December 31, 2024. There were $18.1 million and $16.9 million of brokered deposits included in time deposits at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
FHLB Advances. Total FHLB advances were $40.6 million at June 30, 2025 as compared to $41.3 million at December 31, 2024, a decrease of $686,000, or 1.7%. FHLB advances were paid down using funds obtained through deposit growth.
Stockholders’ Equity . Stockholders’ equity decreased by $103,000, or 0.4%, to $23.8 million at June 30, 2025 from $23.9 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease in stockholders’ equity was primarily due to $48,000 of net loss recorded during the six
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months ended June 30, 2025 and a $96,000 increase in net unrealized mark-to-market loss on the available for sale securities portfolio recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a result of changes in interest rates during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Analysis of Net Interest Income
Net interest income represents the difference between the interest we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as commercial and residential mortgage loans and investment securities, and the expense we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Net interest income depends on both the volume of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rates we earn or pay on them.
Average Balances and Yields . The following tables set forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect thereof was not material. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances but have been reflected in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2025
2024
Average
Average
Outstanding
Yield/
Outstanding
Yield/
Balance
Interest
Rate(4)
Balance
Interest
Rate(4)
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
$
210,036
$
3,098
5.90
%
$
203,504
$
2,897
5.69
%
Available-for-sale securities
48,386
386
3.19
39,207
281
2.87
FHLB stock
3,275
74
9.04
2,899
69
9.52
Other interest-earning assets
5,392
37
2.67
7,228
89
4.93
Total interest-earning assets
267,089
3,595
5.38
252,838
3,336
5.28
Non-interest-earning assets
17,933
11,654
Total assets
$
285,022
$
264,492
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW accounts
$
26,469
6
0.09
$
25,411
6
0.09
Regular savings and demand club accounts
25,515
33
0.52
22,984
3
0.05
Money market accounts
69,738
444
2.54
55,794
376
2.70
Certificates of deposit and retirement accounts
65,164
512
3.14
67,430
637
3.78
Total interest-bearing deposits
186,886
995
2.13
171,619
1,022
2.38
FHLB borrowings
37,230
369
3.98
35,680
343
3.85
Total interest-bearing liabilities
224,116
1,364
2.43
207,299
1,365
2.63
Non-interest-bearing deposits
32,367
30,715
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities
4,887
4,458
Total liabilities
261,370
242,472
Stockholders’ equity
23,653
22,020
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
285,023
$
264,492
Net interest income
$
2,231
$
1,971
Net interest rate spread (1)
2.95
%
2.64
%
Net interest-earning assets (2)
$
42,973
$
45,539
Net interest margin (3)
3.34
%
3.12
%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities
119.17%
%
121.97
%
(1) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.
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(2) Net interest-earning assets represents total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(3) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.
(4) Annualized.
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025
2024
Average
Average
Outstanding
Yield/
Outstanding
Yield/
Balance
Interest
Rate(4)
Balance
Interest
Rate(4)
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
$
207,272
$
6,028
5.82
%
$
201,103
$
5,641
5.61
%
Available-for-sale securities
47,943
767
3.20
39,317
573
2.91
FHLB Stock
3,306
150
9.07
2,809
138
9.83
Other interest-earning assets
6,032
87
2.88
5,988
123
4.11
Total interest-earning assets
264,553
7,032
5.32
249,217
6,475
5.20
Non-interest-earning assets
17,617
11,528
Total assets
$
282,170
$
260,745
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW accounts
$
26,251
12
0.09
$
24,546
12
0.10
Regular savings and demand club accounts
24,438
51
0.42
23,201
7
0.06
Money market accounts
67,719
839
2.48
54,190
702
2.59
Certificates of deposit and retirement accounts
65,089
1,020
3.13
68,169
1,230
3.61
Total interest-bearing deposits
183,497
1,922
2.09
170,106
1,951
2.29
FHLB borrowings
38,629
751
3.89
34,459
659
3.82
Total interest-bearing liabilities
222,126
2,673
2.41
204,565
2,610
2.55
Non-interest-bearing deposits
31,936
30,231
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities
4,394
3,847
Total liabilities
258,456
238,643
Stockholders’ equity
23,714
22,102
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
282,170
$
260,745
Net interest income
$
4,359
$
3,865
Net interest rate spread (1)
2.91
%
2.64
%
Net interest-earning assets (2)
$
42,427
$
44,652
Net interest margin (3)
3.30
%
3.10
%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities
119.10
%
121.83
%
(1) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.
(2) Net interest-earning assets represents total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(3) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.
(4) Annualized.
Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the periods indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The net column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be
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segregated, have been allocated proportionately, based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume. There were no out-of-period items or adjustments required to be excluded from the table below.
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2025 vs. 2024
2025 vs. 2024
Increase (Decrease)
Increase (Decrease)
Due
Total
Due
Total
to
Increase
to
Increase
Volume
Rate
(Decrease)
Volume
Rate
(Decrease)
(In thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
$
93
$
109
$
202
$
173
$
214
$
387
Available-for-sale securities
66
39
105
126
68
194
FHLB stock
9
(4)
5
24
(12)
12
Other interest-earning assets
(23)
(30)
(53)
1
(37)
(36)
Total interest-earning assets
145
114
259
324
233
557
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW accounts
—
—
—
1
(1)
—
Regular savings and demand club accounts
—
30
30
—
44
44
Money market accounts
94
(27)
67
175
(38)
137
Certificates of deposit and retirement accounts
(21)
(104)
(125)
(56)
(154)
(210)
Total deposits
73
(101)
(28)
120
(149)
(29)
FHLB borrowings
15
12
27
80
12
92
Total interest-bearing liabilities
88
(89)
(1)
200
(137)
63
Change in net interest income
$
57
$
203
$
260
$
124
$
370
$
494
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
Net (Loss) Income. A net loss of $196,000 was recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $372,000, as compared to net income of $176,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to a $511,000 increase in provision for credit losses on loans during the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to no provision for credit losses on loans being recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2024, and a $258,000, or 11.6% increase in non-interest expense. The decrease in net income was partially offset by a $259,000, or 7.8%, increase in interest income, a $68,000, or 14.7%, increase in non-interest income and a $72,000, or 194.6%, decrease in income tax expense.
Interest Income. Interest income increased by $259,000, or 7.8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025, to $3.6 million as compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in loan interest income and interest and dividend income earned on the available for sale securities portfolio.
Loan interest income increased by $202,000, or 6.9%, to $3.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due to a $6.5 million, or 3.2%, increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio from $203.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $210.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of commercial real estate loans, partially offset by loan repayments and one- to four-family residential real estate loan sales. The average yield earned on the loan portfolio increased by 21 basis points from 5.69% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 5.90% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to an increase in interest rates and originations of higher yielding commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans.
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Interest income earned on the available for sale securities portfolio increased by $105,000, or 37.3%, to $386,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $281,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily attributed to a $9.2 million, or 23.4%, increase in the average balance of the available for sale securities portfolio to $48.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $39.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in the average balance of available for sale securities was primarily attributed to the purchase of $5.8 million of securities during the three months ended June 30, 2025, as we deployed excess cash from increased deposits into liquid securities. The average yield earned on the available for sale securities portfolio increased by 32 basis points from 2.87% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 3.19% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, due to an increase in interest rates earned on the portfolio, resulting from purchases of higher-yielding securities.
Interest Expense. Interest expense was $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Interest expense paid on FHLB and other borrowings increased $26,000, or 7.6%, from $343,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $369,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the interest paid on borrowings was due to a $1.6 million, or 4.3%, increase in the average balance of FHLB borrowings to $37.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $35.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 in order to fund loan growth. The average rate paid on borrowings increased by 13 basis points from 3.85% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 3.98% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, due to an increase in borrowing costs.
Interest expense on deposits decreased by $27,000, or 2.6%, from $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $995,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The average interest rate paid on deposit accounts decreased by 25 basis points from 2.38% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 2.13% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to a 64 basis points decrease in interest paid on certificate of deposit and retirement accounts and growth in lower cost core deposits. The average balance of deposits increased by $15.3 million, or 8.9%, from $171.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $186.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the average balance of deposits was primarily attributed to a $13.9 million increase in the average balance of money market accounts, a $2.5 million increase in the average balance of regular savings and demand club deposits and a $1.1 million increase in the average balance of NOW accounts, partially offset by a $2.3 million decrease in the average balance of certificate of deposit and retirement accounts.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased by $260,000, or 13.2%, from $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Net interest rate spread increased by 31 basis points to 2.95% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, reflecting an 10 basis points increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets and a 20 basis points decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin increased by 22 basis points from 3.12% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 3.34% for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets was primarily due to an increase in market interest rates over the past year. The decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was due to our continued focus on obtaining lower cost core deposits.
Provision for Credit Losses. Based on management’s analysis of the allowance for credit losses described under “–Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” and in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of notes to the consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we recorded a provision for credit losses on loans of $511,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to no provision for credit losses on loans for the three month period ended June 30, 2024. The increased provision for the three months ended June 30, 2025 related to one borrowing relationship consisting of three loans, including two commercial and industrial loans and a commercial real estate loan. At June 30, 2025, the two commercial and industrial loans totaling $599,000 were fully charged off and the commercial real estate loan with a balance of $454,000 was fully paid off. The allowance for credit losses on loans was $1.8 million at June 30, 2025, or 0.83%, of total loans outstanding, and $1.8 million, or 0.89% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2024.
Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased by $68,000, or 14.7%, from $463,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $531,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was in part attributable to a $32,000 net gain on sale of residential mortgage loans during the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to a $20,000 net gain on sale of residential mortgage loans for the three months ended June 30, 2024. In addition, there was a $23,000 increase in income earned from financial services and retirement planning income generated by our subsidiary, Financial Quest, an $15,000 increase in earnings on bank-owned life insurance due to higher market interest rates, and a $15,000 increase in fee income primarily due to our increased focus on core deposit growth.
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Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased by $261,000, or 11.8%, from $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Compensation and benefits increased by $207,000, or 17.5%, due to an increase in the number of employees as a result of opening a new branch office in Manlius, New York in June 2025. Premises and equipment expense increased by $49,000, or 28.3%, and postage and office supplies increased by $9,000, or 22.5%, primarily due to the opening of a new branch office. The increase in non-interest expense was partially offset by a $8,000, or 8.6%, decrease in advertising expenses.
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense. We recorded an income tax benefit of $35,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and an income tax expense of $37,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The $72,000 decrease in income tax expense resulted from the decrease in income before tax.
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
Net (Loss) Income. A net loss of $48,000 was recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $330,000, or 117.0% as compared to net income of $282,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to a $621,000 provision for credit losses on loans during the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to a $15,000 provision for credit losses on loans during the six months ended June 30, 2024, and a $416,000, or 9.5%, increase in non-interest expense. The decrease in net income was partially offset by a $557,000, or 8.6%, increase in interest income, a $143,000, or 16.4%, increase in non-interest income and a $56,000, or 112.0%, decrease in income tax expense.
Interest Income. Interest income increased by $557,000, or 8.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, to $7.0 million as compared to $6.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in loan interest income and interest and dividend income earned on the available for sale securities portfolio.
Loan interest income increased by $387,000, or 6.9%, to $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $5.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due to a $6.2 million, or 3.1%, increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio from $201.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $207.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of commercial real estate loans, partially offset by loan repayments and one- to four-family residential real estate loan sales. The average yield earned on the loan portfolio increased by 21 basis points from 5.61% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 5.82% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to an increase in interest rates and originations of higher yielding commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans.
Interest income earned on the available for sale securities portfolio increased by $194,000, or 33.9%, to $767,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $573,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily attributed to an $8.6 million, or 21.9%, increase in the average balance of the available for sale securities portfolio to $47.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $39.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in the average balance of available for sale securities was primarily attributed to the purchase of $12.7 million of securities during the six months ended June 30, 2025, as we deployed excess cash from increased deposits into liquid securities. The average yield earned on the available for sale securities portfolio increased by 29 basis points from 2.91% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 3.20% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, due to an increase in interest rates earned on the portfolio, resulting from purchases of higher-yielding securities.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $63,000, or 2.4% from $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Interest expense paid on FHLB and other borrowings increased $92,000, or 14.0%, from $659,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $751,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the interest paid on borrowings was due to a $4.2 million, or 12.1%, increase in the average balance of FHLB borrowings to $38.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $34.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, in order to fund loan growth. The average rate paid on borrowings increased by seven basis points from 3.82% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 3.89% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, due to an increase in borrowing costs.
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Interest expense on deposits decreased by $29,000, or 1.5%, from $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The average interest rate paid on deposit accounts decreased by 20 basis points from 2.29% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 2.09% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to a 47 basis points decrease in interest paid on certificate of deposit and retirement accounts and growth in lower cost core deposits. The average balance of deposits increased by $13.4 million, or 7.9%, from $170.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $183.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the average balance of deposits was primarily attributed to a $13.5 million increase in the average balance of money market accounts, a $1.7 million increase in the average balance of NOW accounts and a $1.2 million increase in the average balance of regular savings and demand club accounts, partially offset by a $3.1 million decrease in the average balance of certificate of deposit and retirement accounts.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased by $494,000, or 12.8% from $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Net interest rate spread increased by 27 basis points to 2.91% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, reflecting a 12 basis points increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets and a 15 basis points decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin increased by 20 basis points from 3.10% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 3.30% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets was primarily due to an increase in market interest rates over the past year. The decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was due to our continued focus on obtaining lower cost core deposits.
Provision for Credit Losses. Based on management’s analysis of the allowance for credit losses described under “–Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” and in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of notes to the consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we recorded a provision for credit losses on loans of $621,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to a $15,000 provision for credit losses on loans being recorded during the six month period ended June 30, 2024. The increased provision for the six months ended June 30, 2025 related to one borrowing relationship consisting of three loans, including two commercial and industrial loans and a commercial real estate loan. At June 30, 2025, the two commercial and industrial loans totaling $599,000 were fully charged off and the commercial real estate loan with a balance of $454,000 was fully paid off. The allowance for credit losses on loans was $1.8 million at June 30, 2025, or 0.83%, of total loans outstanding, and $1.8 million, or 0.89%, of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2024.
Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased by $142,000, or 16.2%, from $875,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to a $65,000 net gain on sale of residential mortgage loans during the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to a $22,000 net gain on sale of residential mortgage loans for the six months ended June 30, 2024. In addition, there was a $41,000 increase in income earned from financial services and retirement planning income generated by our subsidiary Financial Quest, a $30,000 increase in earnings on bank-owned life insurance due to higher market interest rates, and a $27,000 increase in other fee income primarily due to our increased focus on core deposit growth.
Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased by $416,000, or 9.5%, from $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Compensation and benefits expense increased by $278,000, or 11.6%, due to an increase in the number of employees as a result of opening a new branch office in Manlius, New York in June 2025 and due to annual salary increases and increases in benefit expenses. Professional fees increased by $32,000, or 24.4%, due to increases in consulting, legal and audit and accounting services. Premises and equipment expense increased by $64,000, or 16.8%, primarily due to the opening of a new branch office. The increase in non-interest expense was partially offset by a $19,000, or 2.6%, decrease in core processing expenses due to a newly negotiated computer maintenance contract.
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense. We recorded an income tax benefit of $6,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $56,000, or 112.0%, as compared to income tax expense of $50,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in income tax expense resulted from the decrease in income before tax.
Financial Position and Results of Operations of Our Wealth Management Business Segment
We conduct our business through two business segments: (1) our banking business segment, which primarily involves the delivery of loan and deposit products to our customers through Seneca Savings and generates net interest income and service fees, and (2) our wealth management business segment, which includes investment management services for individuals and institutions offered through Financial Quest and provides commission income from 401(k) plan management and brokered accounts.
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The following tables present the statements of income and total assets for our reportable business segments at or for the periods indicated:
At or for the Three Months Ended June 30,
2025
2024
Wealth
Total
Wealth
Total
Banking
Management
Segments
Banking
Management
Segments
(Dollars in thousands)
Net interest income
$
2,231
$
—
$
2,231
$
1,971
$
—
$
1,971
Non-interest income
283
248
531
236
227
463
Provision for credit losses on loans
511
—
511
—
—
—
Provision for credit losses on investments
—
—
—
—
—
—
Non-interest expense
2,302
180
2,482
2,051
170
2,221
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
(35)
—
(35)
37
—
37
Net (loss) income
$
(264)
$
68
$
(196)
$
119
$
57
$
176
Assets under management (AUM) (market value) (1)
$
—
$
249,940
$
249,940
$
—
$
225,970
$
225,970
Total assets
$
298,210
$
1,123
$
299,060
$
266,151
$
1,250
$
267,136
At or for the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025
2024
Wealth
Total
Wealth
Total
Banking
Management
Segments
Banking
Management
Segments
(Dollars in thousands)
Net interest income
$
4,359
$
—
$
4,359
$
3,865
$
—
$
3,865
Non-interest income
537
480
1,017
435
439
874
Provision for credit losses on loans
621
—
621
15
—
15
Provision for credit losses on investments
—
—
—
—
—
—
Non-interest expense
4,454
355
4,809
4,065
327
4,392
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
(6)
—
(6)
50
—
50
Net (loss) income
$
(173)
$
125
$
(48)
$
170
$
112
$
282
Assets under management (AUM) (market value) (1)
$
—
$
249,940
$
249,940
$
—
$
225,970
$
225,970
Total assets
$
298,210
$
1,123
$
299,060
$
266,151
$
1,250
$
267,136
(1) Assets under management represents customer assets managed by Financial Quest, and not assets of Financial Quest or Seneca Savings.
Comparison at or for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 . The market value of assets under management was $249.9 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $226.0 million at June 30, 2024. This increase was due to continued organic acquisition of new assets under management combined with an increase in the market value of assets under management.
Income related to our wealth management business segment, which we record as non-interest income, increased $22,000, or 9.7%, to $248,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $226,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was mainly due to the impact of movement in equity markets and the interest rate environment during the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same prior year period.
Expenses related to our wealth management business segment, which we record as non-interest expense, increased $10,000, or 5.9%, to $180,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $170,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due to the continued growth in our operations and an increase in compensation expense.
Comparison at or for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 . The market value of assets under management was $249.9 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $226.0 million at June 30, 2024. This increase was due to continued organic acquisition of new assets under management combined with an increase in the market value of assets under management.
Income related to our wealth management business segment, which we record as non-interest income, increased $41,000, or 9.3%, to $480,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $439,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The
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increase was mainly due to the impact of movement in equity markets and the interest rate environment during the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same prior year period.
Expenses related to our wealth management business segment, which we record as non-interest expense, increased $28,000, or 8.6%, to $355,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $301,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due to the continued growth in our operations and an increase in compensation expense.
Delinquencies and Asset Quality
Loans Past Due and Non-Performing Assets . Loans are reviewed on a regular basis. Non-accrual loans are loans for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. All loans that become 90 days or more delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a cash basis or cost recovery method.
When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as real estate owned. The real estate owned is recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Any excess of the recorded value of the loan satisfied over the market value of the property is charged against the allowance for credit losses, or, if the existing allowance is inadequate, charged to expense of the current period. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed. Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.
Loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties occur when we grant borrowers favorable loan modifications that we would not consider but for economic or legal reasons pertaining to the borrower’s financial difficulties. These concessions typically include a modification of loan terms such as a reduction of the interest rate to below market terms, capitalizing past due interest or extending the maturity date, or possibly a partial forgiveness of the principal amount due. We identify loans for potential modifications related to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. Interest income on restructured loans is accrued after the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay under the restructured terms through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six consecutive months. We did not modify any loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the three or six months ended June 30, 2025. We closely monitor the performance of loans that are modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of our modification efforts. Loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty did not have payment default during the three or six months ended June 30, 2025 and all such loans were current as of June 30, 2025.
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Non-Performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.
At June 30,
At December 31,
2025
2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Residential:
One- to four-family
$
369
$
369
Home equity loans and lines of credit
—
—
Construction
—
—
Commercial real estate
—
—
Commercial and industrial
43
44
Consumer and other
—
—
Total non-accrual loans
412
413
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due:
Residential:
One- to four-family
—
—
Home equity loans and lines of credit
32
32
Construction
—
—
Commercial real estate
—
—
Commercial and industrial
—
—
Consumer and other
—
—
Total accruing loans 90 days or more past due
32
32
Total non-performing loans
444
445
Real estate owned
—
—
Other non-performing assets
459
459
Total non-performing assets
$
903
$
904
Ratios:
Total non-performing loans to total loans
0.21
%
0.22
%
Total non-performing loans to total assets
0.15
%
0.16
%
Total non-performing assets to total assets
0.30
%
0.32
%
Non-accrual loans remained relatively unchanged compared to December 31, 2024.
Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered by the OCC to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management.
When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have
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not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, which may require the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.
In connection with the filing of our periodic reports with the OCC and in accordance with our classification of assets policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.
The following table sets forth our amounts of classified assets and assets designated as special mention as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and 2023. Generally loans 90 days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status and classified “substandard.” All loans 60 days past due are classified “special mention.”
At June 30,
At December 31,
2025
2024
(In thousands)
Substandard
$
2,822
$
3,249
Doubtful
—
—
Loss
—
—
Total Classified Assets
$
2,822
$
3,249
Special Mention
$
2,673
$
—
“Substandard” loans decreased at June 30, 2025 due primarily to a commercial real estate loan with a balance of $454,000, that paid off. “Special mention” loans increased at June 30, 2025 due to one commercial borrowing relationship totaling $2.7 million.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The allowance for credit losses on loans represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual term of loans, and is recorded at an amount that, in management’s judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. Management considers the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting estimate, given the uncertainty in estimating lifetime credit losses attributable to our portfolios of assets exhibiting credit risk, particularly in our loan portfolio, and the material effect that such judgments can have on our results of operations. Determining the amount requires significant judgment on the part of management, is multi-faceted, and can be imprecise. The level of the allowance for credit losses on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and expectations of the future based on reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income, and evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is performed by management on a quarterly basis. While management uses available information to anticipate credit losses, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions or the composition of our portfolios. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for credit losses.
Our methodology for maintaining our allowance for credit losses is based on historical experience and data, current economic information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accordingly, the estimation of the allowance for credit losses is impacted by the economic forecasts utilized, which require the use of significant judgment. Deterioration in forecasted economic conditions may lead to further required increases to the allowance for credit losses. Conversely, improvements in forecasted economic conditions may warrant further reductions to the allowance for credit losses. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, management considers the sensitivity of the model and significant judgments and assumptions that could result in an amount that is materially different from management’s estimate.
Loans that have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on a collective basis for the purposes of establishing the allowance for credit losses. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are also not included in the collective evaluation. A collateral-dependent asset is a financial asset for which the repayment is expected to be
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provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower, based on management’s assessment, is experiencing financial difficulty. The allowance for credit loss for a collateral dependent financial asset is measured using the fair value of collateral. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management's estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.
For additional information on the allowance for credit losses, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates—Allowance for Credit Losses.”
The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods indicated.
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025
2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
1,804
$
2,044
Charge-offs:
Residential:
One- to four-family
—
—
Home equity loans and lines of credit
—
—
Construction
—
—
Commercial real estate
—
—
Commercial and industrial
(655)
—
Consumer and other
(23)
(8)
Total charge-offs
(678)
(8)
Recoveries:
Residential:
One- to four-family
—
—
Home equity loans and lines of credit
—
—
Construction
—
—
Commercial real estate
—
—
Commercial and industrial
2
—
Consumer and other
2
—
Total recoveries
4
—
Net charge-offs
(674)
(8)
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on loans
621
15
Balance of allowance at end of period
$
1,751
$
2,051
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during period (annualized)
(0.65)
%
(0.01)
%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-accrual loans at end of period
425.00
%
637.69
%
Non-accrual loans to total loans outstanding at end of period
0.20
%
0.16
%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans outstanding at end of period
0.83
%
1.02
%
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The following table sets forth additional information with respect to charge-offs by category for the periods indicated.
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025
2024
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during the period by loan type (annualized):
Residential:
One- to four-family
0.00
%
0.00
%
Home equity loans and lines of credit
0.00
%
0.00
%
Construction
0.00
%
0.00
%
Commercial real estate
0.00
%
0.00
%
Commercial and industrial
(0.63)
%
0.00
%
Consumer and other
(0.02)
%
(0.01)
%
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, proceeds from the sale of loans, and proceeds from calls, maturities and sales of securities. We also are able to borrow from the FHLB of New York. At June 30, 2025, we had a $71.4 million line of credit with the FHLB of New York, a $4.0 million line of credit with Zions Bank, and a $4.0 million line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank (“PCBB”). At June 30, 2025, we had outstanding borrowings of $53.9 million from the FHLB of New York. We did not borrow against the line of credit with Zions Bank or PCBB during the three or six months ended June 30, 2025. We also have the ability to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York through the discount window lending program.
The board of directors is responsible for establishing and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies in order to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists for meeting the borrowing needs and deposit withdrawals of our customers as well as unanticipated contingencies. We believe that we had sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy our short and long-term liquidity needs as of June 30, 2025.
While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents, which includes cash and due from banks. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At June 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents totaled $12.8 million. Securities classified as available-for-sale, which provide additional sources of liquidity, had a total market value of $48.6 million at June 30, 2025.
We have loan commitments to borrowers and borrowers have unused overdraft lines of protection, unused home equity lines of credit and unused commercial lines of credit that may require funding at a future date. We believe we have sufficient funds to fulfill these commitments, including sources of funds available through the use of FHLB of New York advances and other liquidity sources. We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. Certificates of deposit due within twelve months of June 30, 2025 totaled $41.9 million, or 18.3% of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including other deposits and FHLB of New York advances. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or borrowings than we currently pay. We believe, however, based on past experience that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.
We have obtained an irrevocable letter of credit with the FHLB of New York to collateralize New York state deposits for the New York Banking Development District program. The Banking Development District program through incentives encourages banks to open branches in communities that are underserved in banking services. New York State has deposited a below-market rate certificate of deposit in our Bridgeport office, located in Madison County. Seneca Savings in turn makes loans to small businesses located in the market area with the proceeds.
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We do not anticipate any material capital expenditures in 2025 other than remaining construction commitments of $324.4 thousand as of June 30, 2025 for our new Liverpool branch. We do not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations, other than the borrowing agreements noted above.
At June 30, 2025, we exceeded all of our regulatory capital requirements, and we were categorized as “well capitalized” at June 30, 2025. Management is not aware of any conditions or events since June 30, 2025 that would change our categorization. See [Note 13.] Regulatory Capital Requirements of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for more information.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
Our off-balance sheet items include loan commitments as described in [Note 11] . Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. At June 30, 2025, we had loan commitments to borrowers of approximately $265,000 and overdraft lines of credit, unused home equity lines of credit, unused commercial lines of credit, and commercial and standby letters of credit of approximately $28.8 million. We do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that is material to investors. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments was immaterial at June 30, 2025.
Impact of Inflation and Changing Price
The unaudited consolidated financial statements and related data presented elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with GAAP which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates, generally, have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable, as the Company is a smaller reporting company.
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.