Simulations Plus, Inc. 10-K

ITEM 7A – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK As of August 31, 2025, and 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $30.9 million and $10.3 million, respectively. We hold available-for-sale short-term investments that are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, which could affect the value of our assets and liabilities. We do not hold any trading and/or held-to-maturity securities. Some of our cash and cash equivalents are held in money market accounts; however, they are not exposed to market-rate risk. In the years ended August 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we sold $7.7 million, $7.1 million, and $7.3 million, respectively, of software licenses through representatives in certain European and Asian markets in local currencies. As a result, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows can be affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly fluctuations in the Euro, Yen, and RMB exchange rates. These transactions give rise to receivables that are denominated in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency. The value of these receivables is subject to changes because the receivables may become worth more or less due to changes in currency exchange rates. The majority of our software license agreements are denominated in U.S. dollars. We mitigate our risk from foreign currency fluctuations by adjusting prices in our foreign markets on a periodic basis. We base these changes on market conditions while working closely with our representatives. SLP France (f/k/a Lixoft), our French subsidiary, mainly sells in U.S. dollars and Euros and uses the Euro as the functional currency. As such, we are subject to currency translation and exchange rate changes. We do not hedge currencies or enter into derivative contracts.