Repay Holdings Corp 10-K

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included under Item 8, hereof. For purposes of this section, "Repay", the “Company", "we", or "our" refer to Repay Holdings Corporation and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Certain figures have been rounded for ease of presentation and may not sum due to rounding. Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Overview We provide integrated payment processing solutions to industry-oriented markets in which clients have specific transaction processing needs. We refer to these markets as “vertical markets” or “verticals.” Our proprietary, integrated payment technology platform reduces the complexity of the electronic payments process for businesses, while enhancing their consumers’ overall experience. We are a payments innovator, differentiated by our proprietary, integrated payment technology platform and our ability to reduce the complexity of the electronic payments for businesses. We intend to continue to strategically target verticals where we believe our ability to tailor payment solutions to our client needs, our deep knowledge of our vertical markets and the embedded nature of our integrated payment solutions will drive strong growth by attracting new clients and fostering long-term client relationships. We report our financial results based on two reportable segments. Consumer Payments – Our Consumer Payments segment provides payment processing solutions (including debit and credit card processing, ACH processing and other electronic payment acceptance solutions, as well as our loan disbursement product) that enable our clients to collect payments and disburse funds to consumers and includes our RCS offering. RCS is our proprietary clearing and settlement platform through which we market customizable payment processing programs to other ISOs and payment facilitators. The strategic vertical markets served by our Consumer Payments segment primarily include personal loans, automotive loans, receivables management, credit unions, mortgage servicing, consumer healthcare and diversified retail. Business Payments – Our Business Payments segment provides payment processing solutions (including accounts payable automation, debit and credit card processing, virtual credit card processing, ACH processing and other electronic payment acceptance solutions) that enable our clients to collect or send payments to other businesses. The strategic vertical markets served within our Business Payments segment primarily include retail automotive, education, field services, governments and municipalities, healthcare, media, HOA management and hospitality. Macroeconomic Conditions We have been monitoring the current economic environment in the U.S. and globally – characterized by heightened inflation (including changes in wages), rising interest rates, supply chain issues, slower growth and recent banking system volatility. Such macroeconomic conditions may continue to evolve in ways that are difficult to fully anticipate and may also include increased levels of unemployment and/or a recession. Some or all of these market factors have and could continue to adversely affect our payment volumes from the consumer loan market, the receivables management industry and consumer and commercial spending. The effect of these events on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows is uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. Finally, the impact of all of these various events on our results in 2024 may not be necessarily indicative of their impact on our results in 2025. Business Combination The Company was formed upon closing of the merger (the “Business Combination”) of Hawk Parent Holdings LLC (together with Repay Holdings, LLC and its other subsidiaries, “Hawk Parent”) with a subsidiary of Thunder Bridge 40 Acquisition, Ltd., (“Thunder Bridge”), a special purpose acquisition company, on July 11, 2019. On the closing of the Business Combination, Thunder Bridge changed its name to “Repay Holdings Corporation.” Key Factors Affecting Our Business Key factors that we believe impact our business, results of operations and financial condition include, but are not limited to, the following: • the dollar amount volume and the number of transactions that are processed by the clients that we currently serve; • our ability to attract new clients and onboard them as active processing clients; • our ability to (i) successfully integrate acquisitions and (ii) complete future acquisitions; • our ability to offer new and competitive payment technology solutions to our clients; and • general economic conditions and consumer finance trends. Key Components of Our Revenues and Expenses Revenues Revenue . As our clients process increased volumes of payments, our revenues increase as a result of the fees we charge for processing these payments. Most of our revenues are derived from volume-based payment processing fees (“discount fees”) and other related fixed per transaction fees. Discount fees represent a percentage of the dollar amount of each credit or debit transaction processed and include fees relating to processing and services that we provide. The transaction price for such processing services is determined, based on the judgment of our management, considering factors such as margin objectives, pricing practices and controls, client segment pricing strategies, the product life cycle and the observable price of the service charged to similarly situated clients. Our chargeback rate was less than 1% of our card payment volume, during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Expenses Costs of services . Costs of services primarily include commissions to our software integration partners and other third-party processing costs, such as front and back-end processing costs and sponsor bank fees. Selling, general and administrative . Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries, share-based compensation and other employment costs, professional service fees, rent and utilities and other operating costs. Depreciation and amortization . Depreciation expense consists of depreciation on our investments in property, equipment and computer hardware. Depreciation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Amortization expense for software development costs and purchased software is recognized on the straight-line method over a three-year estimated useful life, between eight to ten years estimated useful life for client relationships and channel relationships, and between two to five years estimated useful life for non-compete agreements. Interest income. Interest income consists of interest received on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest expense. Interest expense consists of interest paid in respect of our indebtedness under the convertible senior notes. Change in fair value of tax receivable liability . This amount represents the change in fair value of the tax receivable agreement liability. The TRA liability is carried at fair value; so, any change to the valuation of this liability is recognized through this line in other expense. The change in fair value can result from the redemption or exchange of Post-Merger Repay Units for Class A common stock of Repay Holdings Corporation, through accretion of the discounted fair value of the expected future cash payments, or changes to the discount rate, also referred to as the Early Termination Rate, used to determine the fair value of the liability. 41 Results of Operations Year ended December 31, ($ in thousands, except per share data) 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 313,042 $ 296,627 $ 279,227 Operating expenses Costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) $ 71,636 $ 69,703 $ 64,826 Selling, general and administrative 145,466 148,653 149,061 Depreciation and amortization 103,710 103,857 107,751 Change in fair value of contingent consideration — — (3,300 ) Loss on business disposition — 10,027 — Impairment loss — 75,800 8,090 Total operating expenses $ 320,812 $ 408,040 $ 326,428 Loss from operations $ (7,770 ) $ (111,413 ) $ (47,201 ) Other income (expense) Interest income 5,992 2,822 130 Interest expense (7,873 ) (3,870 ) (4,375 ) Gain on extinguishment of debt 13,136 — — Change in fair value of tax receivable liability (14,543 ) (6,619 ) 66,871 Other income (loss) 138 (455 ) (510 ) Total other income (expense) (3,150 ) (8,122 ) 62,116 Income (loss) before income tax benefit (expense) (10,920 ) (119,535 ) 14,915 Income tax benefit (expense) 575 2,115 (6,174 ) Net income (loss) $ (10,345 ) $ (117,420 ) $ 8,741 Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest (189 ) (6,930 ) (4,095 ) Net income (loss) attributable to the Company $ (10,156 ) $ (110,490 ) $ 12,836 Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basic 89,915,137 90,048,638 88,792,453 Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted 89,915,137 90,048,638 110,671,731 Income (loss) per Class A share - basic $ (0.11 ) $ (1.23 ) $ 0.14 Income (loss) per Class A share - diluted $ (0.11 ) $ (1.23 ) $ 0.12 Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023 Revenue Total revenue was $313.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $296.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $16.4 million or 5.5%. This increase was the result of newly signed clients, the growth of our existing clients and political media spending associated with the 2024 election cycle in our media payments business. Costs of Services Costs of services were $71.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $69.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $1.9 million or 2.8%. This increase was the result of newly signed clients, the growth of our existing clients and political media spending associated with the 2024 election cycle in our media payments business. Selling, General and Administrative Selling, general and administrative expenses were $145.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $148.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $3.2 million or 2.1%, primarily due to a $3.0 million decrease in transaction expenses related to the disposition of BCS in the prior year period. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expenses were $103.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $103.9 million for year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $0.2 million or 0.1%. This decrease was driven by a decrease in amortization of non-compete agreements. 42 Loss on Business Disposition We incurred a loss on business disposition of $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to the sale of Blue Cow Software (“BCS”). Impairment Loss We incurred an impairment loss of $75.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, due to a $75.7 million goodwill impairment loss related to the Business Payments segment and a $0.1 million trade name write-off related to Media Payments. The fair value of the Business Payments reporting unit was primarily impacted by a change in the discount rate. See Note 8. Intangible Assets and Note 9. Goodwill for more information. Interest Income Interest income was $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $3.2 million, due to higher average interest rates earned on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest Expense Interest expense was $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $4.0 million, due to a higher outstanding principal balance under the convertible senior notes. Gain on Debt Extinguishment We incurred a gain of $13.1 million on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2024, due to the repurchase of $220.0 million of 2026 Notes principal and net of a write-off of debt issuance costs relating to the repurchased principal. Change in Fair Value of Tax Receivable Liability We incurred a loss, related to accretion expense and fair value adjustment of the tax receivable liability of $14.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to a net loss of $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $7.9 million. This increase was due to smaller fair value adjustments related to the tax receivable liability, primarily as a result of a smaller decrease to the discount rate, also referred to as the Early Termination Rate, used to determine the fair value of the liability. Income Tax Benefit and Expense The income tax benefit was $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, reflecting the expected income tax benefit on the loss generated over the same period. This was a result of the operating loss incurred by the Company, primarily driven by the change in fair value of the tax receivable liability, impairment loss, loss on business disposition, stock-based compensation deductions and the amortization of assets acquired in the Business Combination and prior acquisitions. The income tax benefit was $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which reflected the expected income tax benefit on the loss generated over the same period. For results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, see Part II, Item 7 of our 2023 Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. 43 Segments We provided our services through two reportable segments: (1) Consumer Payments and (2) Business Payments. The following table presents our segment revenue and selected performance measures. Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousand) 2024 2023 Revenue Consumer Payments $ 280,966 $ 275,708 Business Payments 52,923 38,058 Elimination of intersegment revenues (20,847 ) (17,139 ) Total revenue $ 313,042 $ 296,627 Gross profit (1) Consumer Payments $ 223,107 $ 216,096 Business Payments 39,146 27,967 Elimination of intersegment revenues (20,847 ) (17,139 ) Total gross profit $ 241,406 $ 226,924 Total gross profit margin (2) 77% 77% (1) Gross profit represents revenue less cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). (2) Gross profit margin represents total gross profit / total revenue. Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023 Consumer Payments Revenue for the Consumer Payments segment was $281.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $275.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing a $5.3 million or 1.9% year-over-year increase. This increase was the result of newly signed clients and the growth of existing clients. For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenues of approximately $1.2 million are attributable to BCS. Gross profit for the Consumer Payments segment was $223.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $216.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing a $7.0 million or 3.2% year-over-year increase. This increase was the result of newly signed clients and the growth of existing clients. For the year ended December 31, 2023, gross profit of approximately $1.2 million is attributable to BCS. Business Payments Revenue for the Business Payments segment was $52.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $38.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing a $14.9 million or 39.1% year-over-year increase. This increase was the result of newly signed clients, the growth of existing clients and political media spending associated with the 2024 election cycle in our media payments business. Gross profit for the Business Payments segment was $39.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $28.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing a $11.2 million or 40.0% year-over-year increase. This increase was the result of newly signed clients, the growth of existing clients and political media spending associated with the 2024 election cycle in our media payments business. For revenue and gross profit by segments for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, see Part II, Item 7 of our 2023 Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. 44 Non-GAAP Financial Measures This report includes certain non-GAAP financial measures that our management uses to evaluate our operating business, measure our performance and make strategic decisions. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents net income prior to interest expense, tax expense, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted to add back certain charges deemed to not be part of normal operating expenses, non-cash charges and/or non-recurring charges, such as loss on business disposition, gain on extinguishment of debt, non-cash change in fair value of contingent consideration, non-cash impairment loss, non-cash change in fair value of assets and liabilities, share-based compensation charges, transaction expenses, restructuring and other strategic initiative costs and other non-recurring charges. Adjusted Net Income is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents net income prior to amortization of acquisition-related intangibles, as adjusted to add back certain charges deemed to not be part of normal operating expenses, non-cash charges and/or non-recurring charges, such as loss on business disposition, gain on extinguishment of debt, non-cash change in fair value of contingent consideration, non-cash impairment loss, non-cash change in fair value of assets and liabilities, share-based compensation expense, transaction expenses, restructuring and other strategic initiative costs, other non-recurring charges, non-cash interest expense and net of tax effect associated with these adjustments. Adjusted Net Income is adjusted to exclude amortization of all acquisition-related intangibles as such amounts are inconsistent in amount and frequency and are significantly impacted by the timing and/or size of acquisitions. Management believes that the adjustment of acquisition-related intangible amortization supplements GAAP financial measures because it allows for greater comparability of operating performance. Although we exclude amortization from acquisition-related intangibles from our non-GAAP expenses, management believes that it is important for investors to understand that such intangibles were recorded as part of purchase accounting and contribute to revenue generation. Adjusted Net Income per share is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents Adjusted Net Income divided by the weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis assuming conversion of the outstanding Post-Merger Repay Units) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (excluding certain shares that were subject to forfeiture). We believe that Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per share provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating its operating results in the same manner as management. However, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per share are not financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for net income, operating profit, or any other operating performance measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Using these non-GAAP financial measures to analyze our business has material limitations because the calculations are based on the subjective determination of management regarding the nature and classification of events and circumstances that investors may find significant. In addition, although other companies in our industry may report measures titled Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Net Income per share or similar measures, such non-GAAP financial measures may be calculated differently from how we calculate our non-GAAP financial measures, which reduces their overall usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per share alongside other financial performance measures, including net income and our other financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. The following tables set forth a reconciliation of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 . 45 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income to Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 313,042 $ 296,627 $ 279,227 Operating expenses Costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) $ 71,636 $ 69,703 $ 64,826 Selling, general and administrative 145,466 148,653 149,061 Depreciation and amortization 103,710 103,857 107,751 Change in fair value of contingent consideration — — (3,300 ) Loss on business disposition — 10,027 — Impairment loss — 75,800 8,090 Total operating expenses $ 320,812 $ 408,040 $ 326,428 Loss from operations $ (7,770 ) $ (111,413 ) $ (47,201 ) Interest income 5,992 2,822 130 Interest expense (7,873 ) (3,870 ) (4,375 ) Gain on extinguishment of debt 13,136 — — Change in fair value of tax receivable liability (14,543 ) (6,619 ) 66,871 Other income (loss) 138 (455 ) (510 ) Total other income (expense) (3,150 ) (8,122 ) 62,116 Income (loss) before income tax benefit (expense) (10,920 ) (119,535 ) 14,915 Income tax benefit (expense) 575 2,115 (6,174 ) Net income (loss) $ (10,345 ) $ (117,420 ) $ 8,741 Add: Interest income (5,992 ) (2,822 ) (130 ) Interest expense 7,873 3,870 4,375 Depreciation and amortization (a) 103,710 103,857 107,751 Income tax (benefit) expense (575 ) (2,115 ) 6,174 EBITDA $ 94,671 $ (14,630 ) $ 126,911 Loss on business disposition (h) — 10,027 — Gain on extinguishment of debt (i) (13,136 ) — — Non-cash change in fair value of contingent consideration (j) — — (3,300 ) Non-cash impairment loss (b) — 75,800 8,090 Non-cash change in fair value of assets and liabilities (c) 14,543 7,494 (66,871 ) Share-based compensation expense (d) 25,195 22,156 20,532 Transaction expenses (e) 2,325 8,523 18,993 Restructuring and other strategic initiative costs (f) 12,494 11,908 7,870 Other non-recurring charges (g) 4,718 5,528 12,294 Adjusted EBITDA $ 140,810 $ 126,806 $ 124,519 46 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income to Non-GAAP Adjusted Net Income Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 313,042 $ 296,627 $ 279,227 Operating expenses Costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) $ 71,636 $ 69,703 $ 64,826 Selling, general and administrative 145,466 148,653 149,061 Depreciation and amortization 103,710 103,857 107,751 Change in fair value of contingent consideration — — (3,300 ) Loss on business disposition — 10,027 — Impairment loss — 75,800 8,090 Total operating expenses $ 320,812 $ 408,040 $ 326,428 Loss from operations $ (7,770 ) $ (111,413 ) $ (47,201 ) Interest income 5,992 2,822 130 Interest expense (7,873 ) (3,870 ) (4,375 ) Gain on extinguishment of debt 13,136 — — Change in fair value of tax receivable liability (14,543 ) (6,619 ) 66,871 Other income (loss) 138 (455 ) (510 ) Total other income (expense) (3,150 ) (8,122 ) 62,116 Income (loss) before income tax benefit (expense) (10,920 ) (119,535 ) 14,915 Income tax benefit (expense) 575 2,115 (6,174 ) Net income (loss) $ (10,345 ) $ (117,420 ) $ 8,741 Add: Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles (k) 77,144 81,642 89,473 Loss on business disposition (h) — 10,027 — Gain on extinguishment of debt (i) (13,136 ) — — Non-cash change in fair value of contingent consideration (j) — — (3,300 ) Non-cash impairment loss (b) — 75,800 8,090 Non-cash change in fair value of assets and liabilities (c) 14,543 7,494 (66,871 ) Share-based compensation expense (d) 25,195 22,156 20,532 Transaction expenses (e) 2,325 8,523 18,993 Restructuring and other strategic initiative costs (f) 12,494 11,908 7,870 Other non-recurring charges (g) 4,718 5,528 12,294 Non-cash interest expense (l) 3,031 2,848 2,835 Pro forma taxes at effective rate (m) (28,151 ) (23,564 ) (18,871 ) Adjusted Net Income $ 87,818 $ 84,942 $ 79,786 Shares of Class A common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis) (n) 95,678,128 96,850,559 96,684,629 Adjusted Net Income per share $ 0.92 $ 0.88 $ 0.83 (a) See footnote (k) for details on our amortization and depreciation expenses. (b) For the year ended December 31, 2023, reflects non-cash goodwill impairment loss related to the Business Payments segment and non-cash impairment loss related to a trade name write-off of Media Payments. For the year ended December 31, 2022, reflects non-cash impairment loss related to trade names write-offs of BillingTree and Kontrol. (c) For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2022, reflects the changes in management’s estimates of the fair value of the liability relating to the TRA. For the year ended December 31, 2023, reflects the changes in management’s estimates of (i) the fair value of the liability relating to the TRA and (ii) non-cash insurance reserve. (d) Represents compensation expense associated with equity compensation plans. (e) Primarily consists of (i) during the year ended December 31, 2024, professional service fees incurred in connection with prior transactions, (ii) during the year ended December 31, 2023, professional service fees and other costs incurred in connection with the disposition of BCS and (iii) during the year ended December 31, 2022, professional service fees and other costs incurred in connection with the acquisitions of BillingTree, Kontrol and Payix. 47 (f) Reflects costs associated with reorganization of operations, consulting fees related to our processing services and other operational improvements, including restructuring and integration activities related to our acquired businesses, that were not in the ordinary course during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2022, reflects one-time severance payments. (g) For the year ended December 31, 2024, reflects one-time processing settlements, franchise taxes and other non-income based taxes, non-recurring legal and other litigation expenses and payments made to third-parties in connection with our IT security and personnel. For the year ended December 31, 2023, reflects payments made to third-parties in connection with an expansion of our personnel, franchise taxes and other non-income based taxes and one-time payments to certain partners. For the year ended December 31, 2022, reflects one-time payments to certain clients and partners, payments made to third-parties in connection with a significant expansion of our personnel, franchise taxes and other non-income based taxes, other payments related to COVID-19 and non-cash rent expense. (h) Reflects the loss recognized related to the disposition of BCS. (i) Reflects a gain on the repurchase of 2026 Notes principal, net of a write-off of debt issuance costs relating to the repurchased principal. (j) Reflects the changes in management’s estimates of future cash consideration to be paid in connection with prior acquisitions from the amount estimated as of the most recent balance sheet date. (k) For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, reflects amortization of client relationships, non-compete agreement, software, and channel relationship intangibles acquired through the Business Combination, and client relationships, non-compete agreement, and software intangibles acquired through our acquisitions of TriSource, APS, Ventanex, cPayPlus, CPS, BillingTree, Kontrol and Payix. This adjustment excludes the amortization of other intangible assets which were acquired in the regular course of business, such as capitalized internally developed software and purchased software. See additional information below for an analysis of our amortization expenses: Year ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Acquisition-related intangibles $ 77,144 $ 81,642 $ 89,473 Software 24,826 19,789 15,921 Amortization $ 101,970 $ 101,431 $ 105,394 Depreciation 1,740 2,426 2,357 Total Depreciation and amortization (1) $ 103,710 $ 103,857 $ 107,751 (1) Adjusted Net Income is adjusted to exclude amortization of all acquisition-related intangibles as such amounts are inconsistent in amount and frequency and are significantly impacted by the timing and/or size of acquisitions (see corresponding adjustments in the reconciliation of net income to Adjusted Net Income presented above). Management believes that the adjustment of acquisition-related intangible amortization supplements GAAP financial measures because it allows for greater comparability of operating performance. Although we exclude amortization from acquisition-related intangibles from our non-GAAP expenses, management believes that it is important for investors to understand that such intangibles were recorded as part of purchase accounting and may contribute to revenue generation. Amortization of intangibles that relate to past acquisitions will recur in future periods until such intangibles have been fully amortized. Any future acquisitions may result in the amortization of additional intangibles. (l) Represents amortization of non-cash deferred debt issuance costs. (m) Represents pro forma income tax adjustment effect associated with items adjusted above. (n) Represents the weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis assuming conversion of outstanding Post-Merger Repay Units) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. These numbers do not include any shares issuable upon conversion of our convertible senior notes. See the reconciliation of basic weighted average shares outstanding to the non-GAAP Class A common stock outstanding on an as-converted basis for each respective period below: 48 Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basic 89,915,137 90,048,638 88,792,453 Add: Non-controlling interests Weighted average Post-Merger Repay Units exchangeable for Class A common stock 5,762,991 6,801,921 7,892,176 Shares of Class A common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis) 95,678,128 96,850,559 96,684,629 Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $140.8 million and $126.8 million, respectively, representing a 11.0% year-over-year increase. Adjusted Net Income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $87.8 million and $84.9 million, respectively, representing a 3.4% year-over-year increase. Our net income (loss) attributable to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was ($10.2) million and ($110.5) million, respectively, representing a 90.8% year-over-year improvement in our profitability. The increases in Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income and improvement in net income (loss) attributable to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024 were primarily due to the organic growth of our business from newly signed clients, the growth of existing clients, political media spending associated with the 2024 election cycle in our media payments business and cost savings initiatives that reduced both cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue. For discussion on Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net income, and net income (loss) attributable to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, see Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. Seasonality We have experienced in the past, and may continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our volumes and revenues as a result of consumer spending patterns. Volumes and revenues during the first quarter of the calendar year tend to increase in comparison to the remaining three quarters of the calendar year on a same store basis. This increase is due to consumers’ receipt of tax refunds and the increases in repayment activity levels that follow. Operating expenses show less seasonal fluctuation, with the result that net income is subject to the similar seasonal factors as our volumes and revenues. Liquidity and Capital Resources We have historically financed our operations and working capital through net cash from operating activities. We also finance our operations through proceeds from the issuance of our Class A common stock in June 2020 and our convertible senior notes offerings. As of December 31, 2024, we had $189.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity of $250.0 million under the Second Amended Credit Agreement. This balance does not include restricted cash, which reflects cash accounts holding reserves for potential losses and client settlement funds of $47.2 million as of December 31, 2024. Our primary cash needs are to fund working capital requirements, invest in technology development, fund acquisitions and related contingent consideration, make scheduled principal payments and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness and pay tax distributions to members of Hawk Parent. We expect that our cash flow from operations, current cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity under the Amended Credit Agreement will be sufficient to fund our operations and planned capital expenditures and to service our debt obligations for the next twelve months. We may also from time to time depending on market conditions and prices, contractual restrictions, our financial liquidity and other factors, seek to prepay outstanding debt or repurchase our outstanding debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases, or otherwise. The amounts involved in any such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material and may be funded from available cash or from additional borrowings. We are a holding company with no operations and depend on our subsidiaries for cash to fund all of our consolidated operations, including future dividend payments, if any. We depend on the payment of distributions by our current subsidiaries, including Hawk Parent, which distributions may be restricted by law or contractual agreements, including agreements governing their indebtedness. For a discussion of those considerations and restrictions, refer to Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock.” 49 As of December 31, 2024, our material contractual obligations primarily consist of operating leases liabilities. See Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies to the financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information related to operating leases liabilities. Based on our current lease terms, $1.2 million of operating lease liabilities are due within the next twelve months, and the remaining lease liabilities of $10.5 million are due within the next ten years. We believe the cash flows from operations and available borrowing capacity from our existing revolving credit facility will be sufficient to satisfy our cash requirement for the next twelve months and the following five years. On May 16, 2022, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $50 million of our outstanding Class A common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”). The Share Repurchase Program has no expiration date but may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at our discretion. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased 158,496 shares for a total of approximately $1.3 million under the Share Repurchase Program. As of December 31, 2024, we have $36.2 million remaining capacity under the Share Repurchase Program. In addition, in July 2024 we used approximately $40.0 million of proceeds from the offering of 2029 Notes to repurchase approximately 3.9 million shares of Class A common stock. Cash Flows The following table presents a summary of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated: Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 150,090 $ 103,614 $ 74,223 Net cash used in investing activities (44,853 ) (24,088 ) (39,541 ) Net cash used in financing activities (12,673 ) (28,944 ) (17,459 ) Cash Flow from Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $150.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Net cash provided by operating activities was $103.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Net cash provided by operating activities was $74.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, reflects net income as adjusted for non-cash operating items including depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, and changes in working capital accounts. Cash Flow from Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities was $44.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, due to the capitalization of software development activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $24.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, due to the capitalization of software development activities and purchases of intangible assets, partially offset by cash received from the disposition of BCS. Net cash used in investing activities was $39.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, due to the capitalization of software development activities. Cash Flow from Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities was $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, due to the 2026 Notes repurchased, shares repurchased under the Share Repurchase Program and purchase of capped calls related to issuance of the 2029 Notes, offset partially by proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes. Net cash used in financing activities was $28.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, due to the repayment of the outstanding revolving credit facility balance, shares repurchased under the Incentive Plan, ESPP and Share Repurchase Program, as well as the CPS earnout payment. 50 Net cash used in financing activities was $17.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, due to the shares repurchased under the Incentive Plan, ESPP and Share Repurchase Program, as well as the Ventanex earnout payment. Indebtedness Amended Credit Agreement In February 2021, we entered into the Amended Credit Agreement, which established a 125.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility in favor of Hawk Parent. On December 29, 2021, we increased our then existing senior secured credit facilities by $60.0 million to provide for a $185.0 million revolving credit facility pursuant to an amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement. On February 9, 2023, we further amended the Amended Credit Agreement to replace LIBOR with term SOFR as the interest rate benchmark. On February 28, 2023, we repaid in full the entire amount of $20.0 million of the outstanding revolving credit facility. The undrawn capacity of the existing revolving credit facility under the Amended Credit Agreement became $185.0 million after the repayment. Second Amended Credit Agreement On July 10, 2024, we entered into the Second Amended Credit Agreement with certain financial institutions, as lenders, and Truist Bank, as administrative agent. The Second Amended Credit Agreement amends and restates the Amended Credit Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2021. The Second Amended Credit Agreement establishes a $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. This facility matures on the earlier of (a) July 10, 2029, (b) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the 2026 Notes (subject to certain exceptions for adequate liquidity) and (c) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the 2029 Notes (subject to certain exceptions for adequate liquidity). The maturity date may be extended, subject to certain terms and conditions. As of December 31, 2024, the Second Amended Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility of $250.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, we had $0 million drawn against the revolving credit facility. We paid $0.6 million and $0.5 million in fees related to unused commitments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 10. Borrowings to the financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information. Convertible Senior Notes On January 19, 2021, we issued $440.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 in a private placement (the “Notes Offering”) to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of such 2026 Notes were sold in the Notes Offering in connection with the full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase such additional 2026 Notes pursuant to the purchase agreement. Upon conversion, the Company may choose to pay or deliver cash, shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. The 2026 Notes will mature on February 1, 2026, unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed. On July 8, 2024, we used approximately $200.0 million of proceeds from the offering of 2029 Notes and approximately $5.1 million of cash on hand to repurchase $220.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes in connection with the 2029 Notes offering. On July 8, 2024, we issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.875% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) in a private placement to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. $27.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes were sold in connection with the full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase such additional 2029 Notes offering pursuant to the purchase agreement. We will settle conversions of the 2029 Notes by paying cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes to be converted and cash, shares of Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares, at our election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes being converted. The 2029 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.875% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2025. The 2029 Notes will mature on July 15, 2029, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms. As of December 31, 2024, we had convertible senior notes outstanding of $496.8 million, net of deferred issuance costs, under the 2026 Notes and 2029 Notes. We were in compliance with the related restrictive financial covenants. Additionally, we currently expect that we will remain in compliance with the restrictive financial covenants prospectively. 51 Tax Receivable Agreement Upon the completion of the Business Combination, we entered into that certain Tax Receivable Agreement (the “Tax Receivable Agreement” or “TRA”) with holders (other than the Company) of limited liability company interests of Hawk Parent (the “Post-Merger Repay Units”). As a result of the TRA, we established a liability in our consolidated financial statements. Such liability, which will increase upon the exchanges of Post-Merger Repay Units for Class A common stock, generally represents 100% of the estimated future tax benefits, if any, relating to the increase in tax basis that will result from exchanges of the Post-Merger Repay Units for shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the Exchange Agreement and certain other tax attributes of the Company and tax benefits of entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. Under the terms of the TRA, we may elect to terminate the TRA early but will be required to make an immediate payment equal to the present value of the anticipated future cash tax savings. As a result, the associated liability reported on our consolidated financial statements may be increased. We expect that the payment obligations of the Company required under the TRA will be substantial. The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of redemptions or exchanges by the holders of Post-Merger Repay Units, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the redemption or exchange, whether such redemptions or exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future, the tax rate then applicable and the portion of our payments under the TRA constituting imputed interest. We expect to fund the payment of the amounts due under the TRA out of the cash savings that we actually realize in respect of the attributes to which the TRA relates. However, the payments required to be made could be in excess of the actual tax benefits that we realize and there can be no assurance that we will be able to finance our obligations under the TRA. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Recently Issued Accounting Standards For information related to recent accounting pronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported consolidated statements of operations during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and available relevant information that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and we continue to review and evaluate these estimates. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions as new or additional information become available in future periods. Accounting policies require numerous estimates or economic assumptions that may prove inaccurate or may be subject to variations which may significantly affect our reported results and financial condition for the period or in future periods. Subsequent changes in economic or market conditions could have a material impact on these estimates and our financial condition and operating results in future periods. There have been no significant changes in our application of accounting estimates during the year ended December 31, 2024. Revenue Recognition The consideration to be received in our contracts with clients consists of variable consideration where the timing and quantity of transactions to be processed is not determinable at contract inception. Our performance obligation in our contracts with clients is the promise to stand-ready to provide front-end authorization and back-end settlement payment processing services (“processing services”) for an unknown or unspecified quantity of transactions and the consideration received is contingent upon the client’s use (e.g., number of transactions submitted and processed) of the related processing services. Accordingly, the total transaction price is variable. These services are stand-ready obligations, as the timing and quantity of transactions to be processed is not determinable. We follow the requirements of ASC 606-10-55-36 through -40, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Principal Agent Considerations , in determining the gross versus net revenue recognition for performance obligation(s) in the contract with a client. 52 The principal versus agent evaluation is matter of judgment that depends on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement and is dependent on whether we control the good or service before it is transferred to the client or whether we are acting as an agent of a third party. This evaluation is performed separately for each performance obligation identified. Business Combinations We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, the consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business starting from the closing date of the acquisition. All assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. We allocate the purchase price of an acquired business to the fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with any excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. Contingent consideration, if any, is included within the purchase price and is recognized at its fair value on the acquisition date. The application of the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations and determination of fair value requires management to make judgments and may involve the use of significant estimates, including assumptions related to estimated future revenues, growth rates, cash flows, and discount rates, among other items. Management generally evaluates fair value at acquisition using three valuation techniques–the replacement cost, market and income methods–and weights the valuation methods based on what is most appropriate in the circumstances. The process of assigning fair values, particularly to acquired intangible assets, is highly subjective. Management also typically utilizes third party valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Fair value estimates are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used, the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements may be exposed to potential impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill as discussed in the “Impairment” section below. The determination of fair value is considered a critical accounting estimate because the valuation techniques mentioned use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future revenues, the expected economic life of the asset, tax rates and a discount rate that reflects the level of risk associated with the future earnings attributable to the asset. During the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be recorded, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Impairment We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If, based on the results of the qualitative assessment, it is concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived asset exceeds its carrying value, a quantitative test is performed. Under the quantitative test, we compare the carrying value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset to its fair value, which we estimate using a discounted cash flow analysis or by comparison to the market values of similar assets. If the carrying value exceeds its fair value, we record an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value over the related fair value. The assumptions used in such valuations such as projected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, and determination of appropriate market comparables and recent transactions, are subject to volatility and may differ from actual results. Under a qualitative assessment, we assess various factors including industry and market conditions, macroeconomic conditions and performance of our businesses. We review other long-lived assets, including ROU assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, we estimate the future cash flows at the individual asset or asset group level. Impairment losses are measured and recorded for the excess of an asset's carrying value over its fair value. To determine the fair value of long-lived assets, included ROU assets, we utilize the valuation technique or techniques deemed most appropriate based on the nature of the asset or asset group, which may include the use of quoted market prices, prices for similar assets or other valuation techniques such as discounted future cash flows or earnings. The determination of fair value is considered a critical accounting estimate because the valuation techniques mentioned use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, discount rates and growth rates. Income Taxes Under ASC 740, Income Taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to net operating losses, tax credits, and temporary differences between the financial statement 53 carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. Our income tax expense/benefit, deferred tax assets and tax receivable liability reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense/benefits, deferred tax assets and tax receivable agreement liability. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including projected future taxable income and results of recent operations. Estimating future taxable income is inherently uncertain, requires judgment and is consistent with estimates we are using to manage our business. If we determine in the future that we will not be able to fully utilize all or part of the deferred tax assets, we would record a valuation allowance through earnings in the period the determination was made. We record the TRA liability at fair value based on estimates of discounted future cash flows associated with the estimated payments to the Post-Merger Repay Unit holders. These inputs are not observable in the market. Therefore, in estimating fair value, management uses a discount rate, also referred to as the Early Termination Rate, to determine the present value based on a risk-free rate plus a spread pursuant to the TRA. A significant increase or decrease in the discount rate could result in a lower or higher balance, respectively, as of the measurement date. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATI VE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. Effects of Inflation While inflation may impact our revenues and cost of services, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition have not been significant. However, there can be no assurance that our results of operations and financial condition will not be materially impacted by inflation in the future. Interest Rate Risk Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including U.S. fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. Interest rate risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in the level of interest rates and the spread between different interest rates. We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on debt, which bears interest at variable rates. Our debt has floating interest rates. We are exposed to changes in the level of interest rates and to changes in the relationship or spread between interest rates for its floating rate debt. Our floating rate debt requires payments based on variable interest rates such as the federal funds rate, prime rate, eurocurrency rate, and LIBOR. Therefore, increases in interest rates may reduce our net income or loss by increasing the cost of debt. As of December 31, 2024, we had convertible senior debt of $496.8 million, net of deferred issuance costs, outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, we had convertible senior debt of $434.2 million, net of deferred issuance costs, and revolving credit facility borrowings of $18.2 million, net of deferred issuance costs, outstanding. The borrowings under the Second Amended Credit Agreement accrue interest at either base rate, described above under “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Indebtedness ,” plus a margin of 0.75% to 1.75% or at an adjusted SOFR rate plus a margin of 1.75% to 2.75% under the Second Amended Credit Agreement, in each case depending on the total net leverage ratio, as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement. We may incur additional borrowings from time to time for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Invoices for our services are denominated in U.S. dollars and Canadian dollars. We do not expect our future operating results to be significantly affected by foreign currency transaction risk. 54 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENT S AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Index to the Financial Statements Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) 56 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 59 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 60 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 61 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022 62 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 63 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 64 55 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGIST ERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Shareholders Repay Holdings Corporation Opinion on the financial statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Repay Holdings Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated March 3, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion. Basis for opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical audit matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Revenue recognition As described further in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s revenue primarily consists of transaction-based fees from payment processing services that are made up of a significant volume of low-dollar transactions, sourced from multiple systems, platforms, and applications. The processing of such transactions and recording of revenue is system-driven and based on contractual terms with merchants, financial institutions, payment networks, and other parties. Because of the nature of the payment processing services, the Company relies on automated systems and third parties to process and record its revenue transactions. The principal consideration for our determination that the complexity of revenue recognition is a critical audit matter is the increased extent of effort and involvement of professionals with specialized skills in information technology (IT) to identify, test, and evaluate the Company’s systems and automated controls. 56 Our audit procedures related to the revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024, included the following, among others: • With the assistance of our IT professionals, we: o Identified the significant systems used to process revenue transactions and tested the general IT controls over each of these systems, including testing of user access controls, change management controls, and IT operations controls. o Tested system interface controls and automated controls within the relevant revenue streams, as well as the controls designed to ensure the accuracy and completeness of revenue. • We tested internal controls within the relevant revenue business processes, including those in place to reconcile the various reports extracted from the IT systems to the Company’s general ledger. • For a sample of revenue transactions, we tested selected transactions by agreeing the inputs to the calculation of revenue recognized to source documents, including merchant contracts and processor reports and testing the mathematical accuracy of the recorded revenue. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018. Atlanta, Georgia March 3, 2025 57 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Shareholders Repay Holdings Corporation Opinion on internal control over financial reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Repay Holdings Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, and our report dated March 3, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Atlanta, Georgia March 3, 2025 58 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Consolidated Ba lance Sheets ($ in thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 189,530 $ 118,096 Current restricted cash 35,654 11,324 Accounts receivable, net 32,950 36,017 Prepaid expenses and other 17,114 15,209 Total current assets 275,248 180,646 Property and equipment, net 2,383 3,133 Noncurrent restricted cash 11,525 14,725 Intangible assets, net 389,034 447,141 Goodwill 716,793 716,793 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 11,142 8,023 Deferred tax assets 163,283 146,872 Other assets 2,500 2,500 Total noncurrent assets 1,296,660 1,339,187 Total assets $ 1,571,908 $ 1,519,833 Liabilities Accounts payable $ 28,912 22,030 Accrued expenses 55,501 32,906 Current operating lease liabilities 1,230 1,629 Current tax receivable agreement ($ 2,413 and $ 68 held for related parties as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively) 16,337 580 Other current liabilities 267 318 Total current liabilities 102,247 57,463 Long-term debt 496,778 434,166 Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 10,507 7,247 Tax receivable agreement, net of current portion ($ 25,134 and $ 25,348 held for related parties as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively) 187,308 188,331 Other liabilities 1,899 1,838 Total noncurrent liabilities 696,492 631,582 Total liabilities $ 798,739 $ 689,045 Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) Stockholders' equity Class A common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 2,000,000,000 shares authorized, 93,732,227 issued and 88,239,494 outstanding as of December 31, 2024; 92,220,494 issued and 90,803,984 outstanding as of December 31, 2023 9 9 Class V common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 1,000 shares authorized and 100 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 — — Treasury stock, 5,492,733 and 1,416,510 shares as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively ( 53,782 ) ( 12,528 ) Additional paid-in capital 1,148,871 1,151,324 Accumulated deficit ( 333,826 ) ( 323,670 ) Total Repay stockholders' equity 761,272 815,135 Non-controlling interests 11,897 15,653 Total equity $ 773,169 $ 830,788 Total liabilities and equity $ 1,571,908 $ 1,519,833 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 59 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Consolidated Statem ents of Operations Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands, except per share data) 2024 2023 2022 Revenue $ 313,042 $ 296,627 $ 279,227 Operating Expenses Costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) 71,636 69,703 64,826 Selling, general and administrative 145,466 148,653 149,061 Depreciation and amortization 103,710 103,857 107,751 Change in fair value of contingent consideration — — ( 3,300 ) Loss on business disposition — 10,027 — Impairment loss — 75,800 8,090 Total operating expenses 320,812 408,040 326,428 Loss from operations ( 7,770 ) ( 111,413 ) ( 47,201 ) Other income (expense) Interest income 5,992 2,822 130 Interest expense ( 7,873 ) ( 3,870 ) ( 4,375 ) Gain on extinguishment of debt 13,136 — — Change in fair value of tax receivable liability ( 14,543 ) ( 6,619 ) 66,871 Other income (loss) 138 ( 455 ) ( 510 ) Total other income (expense) ( 3,150 ) ( 8,122 ) 62,116 Income (loss) before income tax benefit (expense) ( 10,920 ) ( 119,535 ) 14,915 Income tax benefit (expense) 575 2,115 ( 6,174 ) Net income (loss) $ ( 10,345 ) $ ( 117,420 ) $ 8,741 Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests ( 189 ) ( 6,930 ) ( 4,095 ) Net income (loss) attributable to the Company $ ( 10,156 ) $ ( 110,490 ) $ 12,836 Income (loss) per Class A share attributable to the Company: Basic $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 1.23 ) $ 0.14 Diluted $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 1.23 ) $ 0.12 Weighted-average shares outstanding: Basic 89,915,137 90,048,638 88,792,453 Diluted 89,915,137 90,048,638 110,671,731 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 60 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Net income (loss) $ ( 10,345 ) $ ( 117,420 ) $ 8,741 Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax Foreign currency translation adjustments — — ( 2 ) Total other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax — — ( 2 ) Income tax related to items of other comprehensive income: Tax benefit on foreign currency translation adjustments — — 1 Total income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income — — 1 Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax — — ( 1 ) Total comprehensive income (loss) $ ( 10,345 ) $ ( 117,420 ) $ 8,740 Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests ( 189 ) ( 6,930 ) ( 4,095 ) Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company $ ( 10,156 ) $ ( 110,490 ) $ 12,835 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 61 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity Repay Stockholders Class A Common Stock Class V Common Stock Additional Paid-In Treasury Accumulated Non-controlling Total ($ in thousands) Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Stock Deficit Interests Equity Balance at December 31, 2021 88,502,621 $ 9 100 $ — $ 1,100,010 $ — $ ( 226,016 ) $ 39,033 $ 913,036 Issuance of new shares 50,845 — — 243 — — ( 243 ) — Release of share awards vested under Incentive Plan 1,031,737 — — — — — — ( 2,657 ) Tax withholding related to shares vesting under Incentive Plan ( 230,449 ) — — ( 2,658 ) — — 1 ( 10,000 ) Treasury shares repurchased ( 1,078,141 ) — — ( 32 ) ( 10,000 ) — 32 Stock-based compensation — — — 20,302 — — ( 46 ) 20,256 Tax distribution from Hawk Parent — — — — — — ( 951 ) ( 951 ) Valuation allowance on Ceiling Rule DTA — — — ( 131 ) — — — ( 131 ) Net income (loss) — — — — — 12,836 ( 4,095 ) 8,741 Other comprehensive income — — — ( 1 ) — — — ( 1 ) Balance at December 31, 2022 88,276,613 $ 9 100 $ — $ 1,117,733 $ ( 10,000 ) $ ( 213,180 ) $ 33,731 $ 928,293 Exchange of Post-Merger Repay Units 2,031,636 — — 7,557 — — ( 7,557 ) — Release of share awards vested under Incentive Plan and shares purchased under ESPP 1,084,532 — — 1,963 — — ( 3 ) 1,960 Tax withholding related to shares vesting under Incentive Plan and ESPP ( 250,428 ) — — ( 1,905 ) — — 14 ( 1,891 ) Treasury shares repurchased ( 338,369 ) — — ( 3 ) ( 2,528 ) — 3 ( 2,528 ) Stock-based compensation — — — 22,236 — — ( 80 ) 22,156 Tax distribution from Hawk Parent — — — — — — ( 3,525 ) ( 3,525 ) Valuation allowance on Ceiling Rule DTA — — — 3,743 — — — 3,743 Net loss — — — — — ( 110,490 ) ( 6,930 ) ( 117,420 ) Balance at December 31, 2023 90,803,984 $ 9 100 $ — $ 1,151,324 $ ( 12,528 ) $ ( 323,670 ) $ 15,653 $ 830,788 Exchange of Post-Merger Repay Units 464,552 — — 1,634 — — ( 1,238 ) 396 Release of share awards vested under Incentive Plan and shares purchased under ESPP 1,311,077 — — 1 — — ( 1 ) — Tax withholding related to shares vesting under Incentive Plan and ESPP ( 322,788 ) — — ( 2,138 ) — — 7 ( 2,131 ) Treasury shares repurchased ( 4,076,223 ) — — ( 324 ) ( 41,254 ) — 37 ( 41,541 ) Stock options exercised 58,892 — — 396 — — ( 1 ) 395 Stock-based compensation — — — 24,410 — — ( 22 ) 24,388 Purchase of capped calls related to issuance of the 2029 Notes — — — ( 29,418 ) — — — ( 29,418 ) Tax distribution from Hawk Parent — — — — — — ( 2,349 ) ( 2,349 ) Valuation allowance on Ceiling Rule DTA — — — 2,986 — — — 2,986 Net loss — — — — — ( 10,156 ) ( 189 ) ( 10,345 ) Balance at December 31, 2024 88,239,494 $ 9 100 $ — $ 1,148,871 $ ( 53,782 ) $ ( 333,826 ) $ 11,897 $ 773,169 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 62 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Consolidated Statem ents of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) $ ( 10,345 ) $ ( 117,420 ) $ 8,741 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 103,710 103,857 107,751 Stock based compensation 24,388 22,156 20,255 Amortization of debt issuance costs 3,030 2,847 2,834 Loss on business disposition — 10,027 — Gain on extinguishment of debt ( 13,136 ) — — Other loss — 238 245 Fair value change in tax receivable agreement liability 14,543 6,619 ( 66,871 ) Fair value change in contingent consideration — — ( 3,300 ) Impairment loss — 75,800 8,090 Payments of contingent consideration in excess of acquisition date fair value — — ( 8,896 ) Deferred tax expense (benefit) ( 2,490 ) ( 3,594 ) 4,192 Change in accounts receivable, net 3,067 ( 3,986 ) 696 Change in prepaid expenses and other ( 1,905 ) 2,936 ( 5,786 ) Change in operating lease ROU assets ( 3,119 ) 1,328 653 Change in accounts payable 6,882 ( 189 ) 1,698 Change in related party payable — — ( 347 ) Change in accrued expenses and other 22,594 3,890 2,197 Change in operating lease liabilities 2,861 ( 1,388 ) ( 523 ) Change in other liabilities 10 493 2,594 Net cash provided by operating activities 150,090 103,614 74,223 Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of property and equipment ( 989 ) ( 733 ) ( 3,176 ) Purchases of intangible assets — ( 13,545 ) ( 2,750 ) Capitalized software development costs ( 43,864 ) ( 50,083 ) ( 33,615 ) Proceeds from sale of business, net of cash retained — 40,273 — Net cash used in investing activities ( 44,853 ) ( 24,088 ) ( 39,541 ) Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of long-term debt 287,500 — — Payments on long-term debt ( 205,150 ) ( 20,000 ) — Payments of debt issuance costs ( 9,631 ) — — Payments for tax withholding related to shares vesting under Incentive Plan and ESPP ( 2,131 ) ( 1,891 ) ( 2,657 ) Treasury shares repurchased ( 41,541 ) ( 2,528 ) ( 10,000 ) Stock options exercised 395 — — Distributions to Members ( 2,349 ) ( 3,525 ) ( 951 ) Purchase of capped calls related to issuance of the 2029 Notes ( 39,186 ) — — Payment of Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) ( 580 ) — — Payments of contingent consideration up to acquisition date fair value — ( 1,000 ) ( 3,851 ) Net cash used in financing activities ( 12,673 ) ( 28,944 ) ( 17,459 ) Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 92,564 50,582 17,223 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period $ 144,145 $ 93,563 $ 76,340 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 236,709 $ 144,145 $ 93,563 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid during the year for: Interest $ 4,843 $ 1,024 $ 1,540 Income taxes $ 2,811 $ 1,330 $ 31 Cash and cash equivalents Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: Cash and cash equivalents $ 189,530 $ 118,096 $ 64,895 Current restricted cash 35,654 11,324 — Noncurrent restricted cash 11,525 14,725 28,668 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ 236,709 $ 144,145 $ 93,563 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 63 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1 . Organizational Structure and Corporate Information Repay Holdings Corporation was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on July 11, 2019 in connection with the closing of a transaction (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to which Thunder Bridge Acquisition Ltd., a special purpose acquisition company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Thunder Bridge”), (a) domesticated into a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “Repay Holdings Corporation” and (b) consummated the merger of a wholly owned subsidiary of Thunder Bridge with and into Hawk Parent Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Hawk Parent”). Throughout this section, unless otherwise noted or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we”, “us”, “Repay” and the “Company” and similar references refer (1) before the Business Combination, to Hawk Parent and its consolidated subsidiaries and (2) from and after the Business Combination, to Repay Holdings Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. Throughout this section, unless otherwise noted or unless the context otherwise requires, “Thunder Bridge” refers to Thunder Bridge Acquisition. Ltd. prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. The Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The Company’s legacy business was founded as M & A Ventures, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company doing business as REPAY: Realtime Electronic Payments (“REPAY LLC”), in 2006 by current executives John Morris and Shaler Alias. Hawk Parent was formed in 2016 in connection with the acquisition of a majority interest in the successor entity of REPAY LLC and its subsidiaries by certain investment funds sponsored by, or affiliated with, Corsair Capital LLC (“Corsair”). Business Overview The Company provides integrated payment processing solutions to industry-oriented markets in which businesses have specific transaction processing needs. The Company refers to these markets as “vertical markets” or “verticals.” The Company’s proprietary, integrated payment technology platforms reduce the complexity of the electronic payments process for businesses. The Company charges its clients processing fees based on the volume of payment transactions processed and other transaction or service fees. The Company intends to continue to strategically target verticals where the Company believes its ability to tailor payment solutions to its clients’ needs, its deep knowledge of the Company’s vertical markets and the embedded nature of its integrated payment solutions will drive strong growth by attracting new clients and fostering long-term client relationships. The Company provides payment processing solutions to clients primarily operating in the personal loans, automotive loans, receivables management, and business-to-business verticals. The Company’s payment processing solutions enable consumers and businesses in these verticals to make payments using electronic payment methods, rather than cash or check, which have historically been the primary methods of payment in these verticals. The Company believes that a growing number of consumers and businesses prefer the convenience and efficiency of paying with cards and other electronic methods and that the Company is poised to benefit from the significant growth opportunity of electronic payment processing as these verticals continue to shift from cash and check to electronic payments. The personal loans vertical is predominately characterized by installment loans, which are typically utilized by consumers to finance everyday expenses. The automotive loans vertical includes a diversified client base across the entire credit spectrum. The Company’s receivables management vertical relates to consumer loan collections, which typically enter the receivables management process due to delinquency on credit card bills or as a result of major life events, such as job loss or major medical issues. The business-to-business vertical relates to transactions occurring between a wide variety of enterprise clients, many of which operate in the retail automotive, education, field services, governments and municipalities, healthcare, media, HOA management and hospitality industries. The Company’s go-to-market strategy combines direct sales with integrations with key software providers in its target verticals. The integration of the Company’s technology with key software providers in the verticals that the Company serves, including loan management systems, DMS, collection management systems, and enterprise resource planning software systems, allows the Company to embed its omni-channel payment processing technology into its clients’ critical workflow software and ensure seamless operation of the Company’s solutions within its clients’ enterprise management systems. The Company refers to these software providers as its “software integration partners.” This integration allows the Company’s sales force to readily access new client opportunities or respond to inbound leads because, in many cases, a business will prefer, or in some cases only consider, a payments provider that has already integrated or is able to integrate its solutions with the business’ primary enterprise management system. The Company has successfully integrated its technology solutions with numerous, widely-used enterprise management systems in the verticals that it serves, which makes its platform a more compelling choice for the businesses that use them. Moreover, the Company’s relationships with its software integration 64 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements partners help it to develop deep industry knowledge regarding trends in client needs. The Company’s integrated model fosters long-term relationships with its clients, which supports its volume retention rates that the Company believes are above industry averages. As of December 31, 2024, the Company maintained approximately 280 integrations with various software providers. The Company has two reportable segments: Consumer Payments and Business Payments. For additional information on segments, see Note 15. Segments to our consolidated financial statements. Consumer Payments The Consumer Payments segment provides payment processing solutions (including debit and credit card processing, ACH processing and other electronic payment acceptance solutions, as well as our loan disbursement product) that enable the Company’s clients to collect payments and disburse funds to consumers and includes the Company’s clearing and settlement solutions (“RCS”) offering. RCS is the Company’s proprietary clearing and settlement platform through which the Company markets customizable payment processing programs to other Independent Sales Organizations (“ISOs”) and payment facilitators. The strategic vertical markets served by the Consumer Payments segment primarily include personal loans, auto motive loans, receivables management, credit unions, mortgage servicing, consumer healthcare and diversified retail. The Consumer Payments segment represented approximately 83 % of the Company’s total revenue after any intersegment eliminations for the year ended December 31, 2024. Business Payments The Business Payments segment provides payment processing solutions (including accounts payable automation, debit and credit card processing, virtual credit card processing, ACH processing and other electronic payment acceptance solutions) that enable the Company’s clients to collect or send payments to other businesses. The strategic vertical markets served within the Business Payments segment primarily include retail automotive, education, field services, governments and municipalities, healthcare, media, HOA management and hospitality. The Business Payments segment represented approximately 17 % of the Company’s total revenue after any intersegment eliminations for the year ended December 31, 2024 . 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Repay Holdings Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiary, Hawk Parent Holdings LLC, along with Hawk Parent Holdings LLC’s wholly owned subsidiaries: Hawk Intermediate Holdings, LLC, Hawk Buyer Holdings, LLC, Repay Holdings, LLC, M&A Ventures, LLC, Repay Management Holdco Inc., Repay Management Services LLC, Sigma Acquisition, LLC, Wildcat Acquisition, LLC, Marlin Acquirer, LLC, REPAY International LLC, REPAY Canada Solutions ULC, TriSource Solutions, LLC (“TriSource”), Mesa Acquirer, LLC, CDT Technologies LTD (“Ventanex”), Viking GP Holdings, LLC, cPayPlus, LLC (“cPayPlus”), CPS Payment Services, LLC, Media Payments, LLC (“Media Payments”), Custom Payment Systems, LLC, Electronic Payment Providers, LLC, Internet Payment Exchange, LLC, Stratus Payment Solutions, LLC, Clear Payment Solutions, LLC, Harbor Acquisition LLC, Payix Holdings Incorporated and Payix Incorporated. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Basis of Financial Statement Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company uses the accrual basis of accounting whereby revenues are recognized when earned, usually upon the date services are rendered, and expenses are recognized at the date services are rendered or goods are received. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported consolidated statements of operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. 65 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Reclassifications The Company changed its presentation for Restricted cash to Current restricted cash and Noncurrent restricted cash within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current presentation. The Company changed its presentation for Interest income (expense), net to Interest income and Interest expense within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current presentation. Segment Reporting The Company reports operating results through two reportable segments: (1) Consumer Payments and (2) Business Payments, as further discussed in Note 15. Segments. There are no significant concentrations by state or geographical location, nor are there any significant individual client concentrations by balance. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposit accounts, money market accounts and short‑term investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The amount of cash that the Company considers to be available for general purposes was $ 189.5 million and $ 118.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 , approximately 91 % of the Company’s total balance of cash and cash equivalents was held within a small group of financial institutions, primarily large money center banks. Although the Company currently believes that the financial institutions with whom the Company does business will be able to fulfill their commitments to the Company, there is no assurance that those institutions will be able to continue to do so. The Company has no t experienced any losses associated with the Company’s balances in such accounts for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022 . Restricted Cash Current restricted cash consists of ACH settlement funds in transit (“Settlements”). Settlements are held in accounts maintained at the Company’s sponsor banks for the purpose of facilitating the clearing and settlement of funds associated with payments made by or to the Company’s clients via the ACH network. The Company records a corresponding liability for Settlements within Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Noncurrent restricted cash consists of collateral reserve funds (“Reserves”). Reserves are held on deposit by the Company’s sponsor banks to secure potential merchant chargebacks or other similar losses or obligations. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable represent amounts due from clients and payment processors for services rendered. The Company has an established process for aging, provisioning and writing-off its uncollectible accounts receivable. Within this process the Company aggregates accounts receivable to the pools of receivables of similar risk characteristics. The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivables is estimated based on how long a receivable has been outstanding (e.g., under 30 days, 30–60 days, etc.). For accounts receivable outstanding more than 90 days, the Company evaluates and assesses whether the loss reserve percentage requires adjustment for reasonable and supportable forecast of relevant economic factors. For the year ended December 31, 2024 , the Company’s estimated credit losses on accounts receivable was $ 1.1 million. For the years ended 2023 and 2022 , the Company’s estimated credit losses on accounts receivable was immaterial. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company is highly diversified, and no single client represents greater than 10 % of the business on a volume or profit basis. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents with various major financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the Company by the weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings 66 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to the Company, by the weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive elements, including the assumed exchange of all limited liability company interests of Hawk Parent (“Post-Merger Repay Units”), unvested share-based awards, outstanding stock options, outstanding ESPP (“Employee Stock Purchase Program”) purchase rights and the Company’s convertible senior notes. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and includes expenditures which substantially increase the useful lives of existing property and equipment. Maintenance, repairs, and minor renovations are charged to operations as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is credited or charged to operations. The Company provides for depreciation of property and equipment using the straight-line method designed to amortize costs over estimated useful lives as follows: Estimated Useful Life Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment 5 years Computers 3 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of 5 years or lease term The Company evaluates the recoverability of property and equipment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. The evaluation of asset impairment requires the Company to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment, and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. If the carrying amount of property and equipment is determined not to be recoverable, a write-down to fair value is recorded. No impairments were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 . Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of internal-use software development costs, purchased software, channel relationships, client relationships, certain key personnel non-compete agreements, and trade names. The Company capitalizes internal-use software development costs when the Company has completed the preliminary project stage, management authorizes the project, management commits to funding the project, it is probable the project will be completed and the project will be used to perform the function intended. The Company is amortizing internal-use software development costs and purchased software on the straight‑line method over a three-year estimated useful life, a ten-year estimated useful life for channel and client relationships, and an estimated useful life for non-compete agreements equal to the term of the agreement. Trade names are determined to have an indefinite useful life. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an intangible asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The evaluation of asset impairment requires the Company to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment, and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. No impairments were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an impairment of $ 0.1 million related to a trade name write-off of Media Payments, as the Company strategically phased out the trade name of the acquired business. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized impairments of $ 8.1 million related to write-offs of certain trade names, as the Company strategically phased out the trade names of several acquired business, which included BillingTree, Kontrol and Payix. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over tangible and intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed arising from business combinations. Goodwill is generally allocated to reporting units based upon relative fair value (taking into consideration other factors such as synergies) when an acquired business is integrated into multiple reporting units. The Company’s reporting units are at the operating segment level or one level below the operating segment level for which discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by management. When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method. Relative fair value is estimated using a combination of a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis and market valuation approach. 67 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The Company performs a qualitative goodwill assessment at the reporting unit level at least annually, or more frequently as events occur or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Factors considered in the Company’s qualitative assessment include financial performance, financial forecasts, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, market capitalization, carrying value, and events affecting the reporting units. If, after considering all relevant events and circumstances, the Company determines it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative analysis, or concludes from the Company’s qualitative analysis that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the fair value is greater than the carrying amount, then the reporting unit’s goodwill is deemed not to be impaired. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount, a non-cash impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, without exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Management estimates the fair value of the reporting units using a combination of a DCF calculation, which is a form of the income approach, and a market multiples calculation, which is a form of the market approach. The Company uses internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows expected to be generated by the reporting units when preparing DCF models under the income approach. To discount these cash flows, the Company uses an estimated weighted average cost of capital, which incorporates market and company-specific risk factors. The Company applies comparable publicly traded companies’ multiples (e.g., revenue or Adjusted EBITDA) to the Company’s reporting units’ financial forecasts when using market multiples under the market approach. The Company determined that no impairment of goodwill existed for either the Consumer Payments or Business Payments segment as of the last testing date, December 31, 2024. Future impairment reviews may require write downs in the Company’s goodwill and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operating results for the periods in which such write downs occur. Revenue Repay provides integrated payment processing solutions to niche markets that have specific transaction processing needs; for example, personal loans, automotive loans, and receivables management. The Company contracts with its clients through contractual agreements that set forth the general terms and conditions of the service relationship, including rights of obligations of each party, line item pricing, payment terms and contract duration. Receivables are generally remitted directly from the sponsor bank within a short period of time, or are remitted based on customer invoices generally due 30 days from date of invoice. Most of our revenues are derived from volume-based payment processing fees (“discount fees”) and other related fixed per transaction fees. Discount fees represent a percentage of the dollar amount of each credit or debit transaction processed and include fees relating to processing and services that we provide. As our clients process increased volumes of payments, our revenues increase as a result of the fees we charge for processing these payments. The Company’s performance obligation in its contracts with clients is the promise to stand-ready to provide front-end authorization and back-end settlement payment processing services (“processing services”) for an unknown or unspecified quantity of transactions and the consideration received is contingent upon the client’s use (e.g., number of transactions submitted and processed) of the related processing services. Accordingly, the total transaction price is variable. These services are stand-ready obligations, as the timing and quantity of transactions to be processed is not determinable. Under a stand-ready obligation, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied over time throughout the contract term rather than at a point in time. Because the service of standing ready to perform processing services is substantially the same each day and has the same pattern of transfer to the client, the Company has determined that its stand-ready performance obligation comprises a series of distinct days of service. Discount fees and other fixed per transaction fees are recognized each day using a time-elapsed output method based on the volume or transaction count at the time the clients’ transactions are processed. The Company has processing contracts that contain annual minimums to which the Company would be entitled to bill the shortfall between the actual processing revenue incurred during the annual period and the specified minimum in the contract. At the beginning of each annual period, the Company assesses the appropriate amount of the guaranteed minimums (either the fixed consideration or fixed consideration plus estimated overages) to recognize on a time-elapsed basis over the annual period. Revenues are also derived from transaction or service fees (e.g. chargebacks, gateway) as well as other miscellaneous service fees. These services are considered immaterial in the overall context of our contractual arrangements and, as such, do not represent distinct performance obligations. Instead, the fees associated with these services are bundled with the processing services performance obligation identified. 68 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The transaction price for such processing services is determined, based on the judgment of the Company’s management, considering factors such as margin objectives, pricing practices and controls, client segment pricing strategies, the product life cycle and the observable price of the service charged to similarly situated clients. The Company follows the requirements of ASC 606-10-55-36 through -40, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Principal Agent Considerations , in determining the gross versus net revenue presentation for each performance obligation in the contract with a client. Revenue recorded by the Company in the capacity as a principal is reported on a gross basis equal to the full amount of consideration to which the Company expects in exchange for the good or service transferred. Revenue recorded with the Company acting in the capacity of an agent is reported on a net basis, exclusive of any consideration provided to the principal party in the transaction. The principal versus agent evaluation is matter of judgment that depends on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement and is dependent on whether the Company controls the good or service before it is transferred to the client or whether the Company is acting as an agent of a third party. This evaluation is performed separately for each performance obligation identified. When the Company acts as an agent, the fees collected from clients on behalf of the payment networks and card issuer is netted with the gross fees collected so that the net revenue is presented within Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Indirect relationships As a result of its past acquisitions, the Company has legacy relationships with ISOs, whereby the Company acts as the merchant acquirer for the ISO. The ISO maintains a direct relationship with the sponsor bank and the transaction processor, rather than the Company. Consequently, the Company recognizes revenue for these relationships net of the residual amount remitted to the ISO, based on the fact that the ISO is primarily responsible for providing the transaction processing services to the merchant. The Company is not focused on this sales model, and this relationship will represent an increasingly smaller portion of the business over time. Contract Costs The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are recognized as an asset if the cost is incremental to obtaining a contract, and whether the costs are recoverable from the client. If both criteria are not met, costs are expensed as incurred. If the amortization period of the capitalized commission cost asset is less than one year, the Company may elect a practical expedient per ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions as incurred. The amortization period is consistent with the concept of useful life under other accounting guidance, which is defined as the period over which an asset is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to future cash flows. The Company currently incurs costs to obtain a contract through payments made to external referral partners. Commission payments are made to the external referral partner on a monthly basis based on a percentage of the profit on the contract, for as long as the client and the external referral partner have agreements with the Company. Any capitalized commission cost assets have an amortization period of one year or less, therefore the Company utilizes the practical expedient to expense commissions as incurred. Internal salesforce commissions are expensed as incurred. Costs to fulfill contracts with clients either give rise to an asset or are expensed as incurred. If the cost is not already covered by other applicable accounting literature, fulfillment costs are capitalized to the extent they directly relate to a specific contract, are used to generate or enhance resources used in satisfying performance obligations and are expected to be recovered. The Company does not have any costs incurred to fulfill a contract. Practical Expedients The Company has utilized the portfolio approach practical expedient per ASC 606-10-10-4, which allows the application of ASC 606 to a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics provided the accounting does not differ materially to application of ASC 606 to the individual contract. The Company has also utilized the practical expedient for immaterial goods and services per ASC 606-10-25-16A, which permits the Company not to recognize a promised good or service as a performance obligation if it is considered an immaterial promise in the context of the contract. 69 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Transaction Costs The Company expenses all transaction costs associated with business combinations and dispositions as incurred and such expenses are included in Selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 , the Company incurred $ 0 , $ 3.4 million and $ 13.7 million transaction costs, respectively. Equity Units Awarded The Repay Holdings Corporation 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended, the “Incentive Plan”) provides for the grant of various equity-based incentive awards to employees, directors, consultants and advisors to the Company. The types of equity-based awards that may be granted under the Incentive Plan include: stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based stock options (“PSOs”) and other stock-based awards. As of December 31, 2024 , there were 7,586,699 shares of Class A common stock available for future issuance under the Incentive Plan. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for employees and directors in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite or derived service period. PSUs, RSAs, RSUs and stock options granted under the Incentive Plan are measured based on the fair value of the awards on the date of the grant. Compensation expense is recognized for those awards over the requisite service period within Selling, general, and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. Debt Issuance Costs The Company accounts for debt issuance costs according to the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs , to present debt issuance costs as a reduction of the carrying amount of the debt. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company accounts for fair value measurements in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures , which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability as of the measurement date. A three-tier, fair-value reporting hierarchy exists for disclosure of fair value measurements based on the observability of the inputs to the valuation of financial assets and liabilities. The three levels are: • Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. • Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. • Level 3 — Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in active exchange markets. The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their fair values as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 , because of the relatively short maturity dates on these instruments. See Note 6. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities for further discussion. Leases The Company evaluates each of its lease and service arrangements at inception to determine if the arrangement is, or contains, a lease and the appropriate classification of each identified lease. A lease exists if the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits of, and has the right to control the use of, an asset for a period of time. The Company has operating leases for real estate. Operating leases with an original lease term in excess of twelve months are included in Operating lease right-of-use assets, net, Current operating lease liabilities and Noncurrent operating lease liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities 70 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to calculate the present value of lease payments. Lease terms consider options to extend or terminate based on the determination of whether such renewal or termination options are deemed reasonably certain. Lease agreements that contain non-lease components are generally accounted for as a single lease component. Operating lease costs are recorded in Selling, general and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the underlying asset. Variable costs, such as maintenance expenses, property and sales taxes, association dues and index-based rate increases, are expensed as they are incurred. Variable lease payments associated with the Company’s leases are recognized when the event, activity, or circumstance in the lease agreement on which those payments are assessed occurs. Variable lease payments are presented as operating expenses in Selling, general and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases of all applicable class of underlying assets that have a lease term of twelve months or less. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments associated with these leases are recognized and presented in the same manner as for all other Company leases. ROU assets for operating leases are periodically reduced by impairment losses. As of December 31, 2024 , the Company has no t encountered any impairment losses. The Company monitors for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of a lease. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Taxation Income taxes are provided for in accordance with ASC 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to net operating losses, tax credits, and temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period of the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company reports a liability or a reduction of deferred tax assets for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. When applicable, the Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Noncontrolling Interest As of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 the Company held an interest o f 94.5 %, 94.2 %, and 92.0 % in Hawk Parent, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the noncontrolling interest in the net loss of subsidiaries was $ 0.2 million , $ 6.9 million, and $ 4.1 million, respectively. Contingent Consideration The Company estimates and records the acquisition date estimated fair value of contingent consideration as part of purchase price consideration for acquisitions. Additionally, each reporting period, the Company estimates changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. An increase in the contingent consideration expected to be paid will result in a charge to operations in the period that the anticipated fair value of contingent consideration increases, while a decrease in the contingent consideration expected to be paid will result in a credit to operations in the period that the anticipated fair value of contingent consideration decreases. The estimate of the fair value of contingent consideration requires subjective assumptions to be made of future operating results, discount rates, and probabilities assigned to various potential operating result scenarios. Incurred But Not Reported ( “IBNR”) Reserve IBNR reserve includes the estimated liability related to the claims of the Company’s self-funded medical insurance policy for employees. The liability for these claims is based on the Company’s estimated ultimate cost of settling all claims. The Company derives estimates for the development of IBNR claims using actuarial methods that are based on many variables, 71 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements including historical patterns of claims, cost trends, and other factors. As of both December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $ 0.9 million of IBNR reserve recorded within Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Segment Reporting In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07, “ Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses, on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 as of December 31, 2024. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 15. Segments for further discussion. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted Income Taxes In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, “ Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosure s” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the effects of ASU 2023-09 on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, “ Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) ” (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires an entity to disclose specified information about certain costs and expense in the notes to financial statements at each interim and annual reporting period. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the effects of ASU 2024-03 on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-04, “ Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) ” (“ASU 2024-04”). ASU 2024-04 clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. ASU 2024-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted for all entities that have adopted the amendments in Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-06. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the effects of ASU 2024-04 on its Consolidated Financial Statements. 3. Revenue Disaggregation of Revenue The Company’s revenue is from two types of relationships: (i) direct relationships and (ii) indirect relationships. The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by segment and by the type of relationship for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. 72 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Year Ended December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands) Consumer Payments Business Payments Elimination of intersegment revenues (1) Total Revenue Direct relationships $ 270,749 $ 52,068 $ ( 20,847 ) $ 301,970 Indirect relationships 10,217 855 — 11,072 Total Revenue $ 280,966 $ 52,923 $ ( 20,847 ) $ 313,042 Year Ended December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands) Consumer Payments Business Payments Elimination of intersegment revenues (1) Total Revenue Direct relationships $ 263,564 $ 36,989 $ ( 17,139 ) $ 283,414 Indirect relationships 12,144 1,069 — 13,213 Total Revenue $ 275,708 $ 38,058 $ ( 17,139 ) $ 296,627 Year Ended December 31, 2022 ($ in thousands) Consumer Payments Business Payments Elimination of intersegment revenues (1) Total Revenue Direct relationships $ 234,905 $ 41,610 $ ( 11,564 ) $ 264,951 Indirect relationships 13,286 990 — 14,276 Total Revenue $ 248,191 $ 42,600 $ ( 11,564 ) $ 279,227 (1) Represents revenue eliminations between business units within the Consumer Payments segment and eliminations of intersegment revenues for consolidation purpose. When the Company’s right to consideration for performance is contingent upon a future event or satisfaction of additional performance obligations, the amount of revenues the Company has recognized in excess of the amount the Company has billed to the client is recognized as a contract asset. The contract asset balance wa s $ 1.7 million and $ 1.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 , respectively, and is included within Prepaid expenses and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 4. Earnings Per Share During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share is the same since the inclusion of the assumed exchange of all Post-Merger Repay Units, unvested share-based awards, outstanding stock options, outstanding ESPP purchase rights and the Company’s convertible senior notes would have been anti-dilutive. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes is not included in the computation of senior notes convertible into Class A Common Stock as the Company is required to settle such amount in cash. The Company may elect to settle the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes being converted in cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares. Because the average market price of the Company’s Class A common stock for the period was less than the conversion price, there are no incremental shares to be considered in the computation of senior notes convertible into Class A Common Stock. 73 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The following table summarizes net income (loss) attributable to the Company and the weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding: Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands, except per share data) 2024 2023 2022 Net income (loss) attributable to the Company $ ( 10,156 ) $ ( 110,490 ) $ 12,836 Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basic 89,915,137 90,048,638 88,792,453 Add weighted average effect of dilutive common stock equivalent shares: Post-Merger Repay Units exchangeable for Class A common stock 7,892,176 Unvested share-based awards of Class A common stock 890,309 Outstanding ESPP purchase rights for Class A common stock 1,554 2026 Notes convertible into Class A common stock 13,095,238 Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted 89,915,137 90,048,638 110,671,731 Income (loss) per share of Class A common stock outstanding - basic $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 1.23 ) $ 0.14 Income (loss) per share of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted $ ( 0.11 ) $ ( 1.23 ) $ 0.12 For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the following common stock equivalent shares were excluded from the computation of the diluted loss per share, since their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Post-Merger Repay Units exchangeable for Class A common stock 5,379,543 5,844,095 Unvested share-based awards of Class A common stock 5,981,100 5,204,540 Outstanding stock options for Class A common stock 1,089,930 1,148,822 Outstanding ESPP purchase rights for Class A common stock 14,171 12,747 Senior notes convertible into Class A common stock 6,547,619 13,095,238 Share equivalents excluded from earnings (loss) per share 19,012,363 25,305,442 Shares of the Company’s Class V common stock do not participate in the earnings or losses of the Company and, therefore, are not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class V common stock under the two-class method has not been presented. Each share of the Company’s Class V common stock gives the holder the right to vote the number of shares corresponding to the number of Post-Merger Repay Units held by that holder, but shares of Class V common stock have no economic rights. 5. Business Dispositions On February 15, 2023, the Company sold BCS within the Consumer Payments segment for cash proceeds of $ 41.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a loss of $ 10.0 million associated with the sale, comprised of the difference between the consideration received and the net carrying amount of the assets and liabilities of the business within Loss on business disposition in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. In connection with the disposition of BCS, the Company recognized a reduction in goodwill of $ 35.3 million within the Consumer Payments segment. See Note 9. Goodwill for further discussion. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, BCS contributed $ 1.2 million an d $ 9.8 million to the Consumer Payments segment revenue, respectively. 6. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities The following table summarizes, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the estimated fair values of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis or disclosed, but not carried, at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates presented. There were no transfers into, out of, or between levels within the fair value hierarchy during any of the periods presented. 74 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 189,530 $ — $ — $ 189,530 Restricted cash 47,179 — — $ 47,179 Other assets — 2,500 — 2,500 Total assets $ 236,709 $ 2,500 $ — $ 239,209 Liabilities: Borrowings $ — $ 482,852 $ — $ 482,852 Tax receivable agreement — — 203,645 203,645 Total liabilities $ — $ 482,852 $ 203,645 $ 686,497 December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 118,096 $ — $ — $ 118,096 Restricted cash 26,049 — — $ 26,049 Other assets — 2,500 — 2,500 Total assets $ 144,145 $ 2,500 $ — $ 146,645 Liabilities: Borrowings $ — $ 375,650 — 375,650 Tax receivable agreement — — 188,911 188,911 Total liabilities $ — $ 375,650 $ 188,911 $ 564,561 Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents contains operating cash and money market funds. They are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, as the price is obtained from quoted market prices in an active market. The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short maturities and highly liquid nature of these accounts. Restricted Cash Restricted cash is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820, as the primary component is cash that is used as collateral for debts. The carrying amounts of the Company’s restricted cash approximate their fair values due to the highly liquid nature. Other Assets Other assets contain a minority equity investment in a privately-held company. The Company elected a measurement alternative for measuring this investment, in which the carrying amount is adjusted based on any observable price changes in orderly transactions. The investment is classified as Level 2 as observable adjustments to value are infrequent and occur in an inactive market. Borrowings The revolving credit facility and convertible senior notes are measured at amortized cost, which the carrying value is unpaid principal net of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs (“DDIC”). The estimated fair value of the revolving credit facility approximates the unpaid principal because its interest rate approximates market interest rates. The estimated fair value of convertible senior notes is determined using the quoted prices from over-the-counter markets. The estimated fair value of the Company’s borrowings is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as the market interest rates and quoted prices are generally observable and do not contain a high level of subjectivity. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $ 0 drawn against the revolving credit facility. 75 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The following table provides the carrying value and estimated fair value of borrowings. See Note 10. Borrowings for further discussion. December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands) Principal Amount Unamortized DDIC Carrying Value Fair Value 2026 Notes $ 220,000 $ ( 1,175 ) $ 218,825 $ 206,133 2029 Notes 287,500 ( 7,550 ) 279,950 276,719 Revolving credit facility — ( 1,997 ) ( 1,997 ) — Total borrowings $ 507,500 $ ( 10,722 ) $ 496,778 $ 482,852 December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands) Principal Amount Unamortized DDIC Carrying Value Fair Value 2026 Notes $ 440,000 $ ( 4,603 ) $ 435,397 $ 375,650 Revolving credit facility — ( 1,231 ) ( 1,231 ) — Total borrowings $ 440,000 $ ( 5,834 ) $ 434,166 $ 375,650 Tax Receivable Agreement Upon the completion of the Business Combination, the Company entered into the TRA with holders of Post-Merger Repay Units. As a result of the TRA, the Company established a liability in its consolidated financial statements. The Company elected to measure TRA at fair value under ASC 825 Financial Instruments - Fair Value Option to better align its economic value with Company’s risk management strategies. The fair value of TRA is based on estimates of discounted future cash flows associated with the estimated payments to the Post-Merger Repay Unit holders. These inputs are not observable in the market; thus, the TRA is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, under ASC 820. The change in fair value is re-measured at each reporting period with the change in fair value being recognized in accordance with ASC 805. The Company used a discount rate, also referred to as the Early Termination Rate, to determine the present value, based on a risk-free rate plus a spread , pursuant to the TRA. A rate of 6.2 % w as applied to the forecasted TRA payments as of December 31, 2024, in order to determine the fair value. A significant increase or decrease in the discount rate could have r esulted in a lower or higher balance, respectively, as of the measurement date. The TRA balance was adjusted by $ 14.7 million through exchanges , a payment, accretion expense and a valuation adjustment, related to a decrease in the income tax rate used to measure the TRA as of the Early Termination Date and a decrease in the discount rate, which was 7.10 % as of December 31, 2023. The following table provides a rollforward of the TRA related to the Business Combination and subsequent exchanges of Post-Merger Repay Units. See Note 14. Taxation for further discussion on the TRA. Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Balance at beginning of period $ 188,911 $ 179,127 $ 245,828 Purchases 771 3,164 170 Payments ( 580 ) — — Accretion expense 13,585 12,362 7,806 Valuation adjustment 958 ( 5,742 ) ( 74,677 ) Balance at end of period $ 203,645 $ 188,911 $ 179,127 76 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 7. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following: December 31, December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment $ 3,603 $ 4,905 Computers 2,041 4,813 Leasehold improvements 678 663 Total 6,322 10,381 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization 3,939 7,248 Total property and equipment, net $ 2,383 $ 3,133 Depreciation expense for property and equipment was $ 1.7 million, $ 2.4 million and $ 2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 , respectively. 8. Intangible Assets The Company holds definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of one trade name, arising from the acquisitions of Hawk Parent. During the year ended December 31, 2024 , the Company capitalized $ 44.1 million of software costs related to business operations and software integrations. In addition, the Company wrote-off fully amortized software costs and associated accumulated amortization of $ 151.7 million and fully amortized non-compete agreements and associated accumulated amortization of $ 4.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an impairment of $ 0.1 million related to a trade name write-off of Media Payments related to the Business Payments segment. The impairment loss was recognized within Impairment loss in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $ 8.1 million related to the write-offs of certain trade names, of which $ 8.1 million and $ 0.0 million of the impairment loss related to the Consumer Payments and Business Payments segments, respectively. The impairment loss was recognized within Impairment loss in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Intangible assets consisted of the following: ($ in thousands) Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Weighted Average Useful Life (Years) Client relationships $ 523,000 $ 242,458 $ 280,542 5.33 Channel relationships 29,885 7,904 21,981 7.36 Software costs 139,444 72,945 66,499 1.00 Non-compete agreements 180 168 12 0.34 Trade name 20,000 — 20,000 — Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 712,509 $ 323,475 $ 389,034 4.55 Client relationships $ 523,850 $ 190,591 $ 333,259 6.32 Channel relationships 29,785 4,792 24,993 8.39 Software costs 246,996 178,323 68,673 0.83 Non-compete agreements 4,580 4,364 216 0.23 Trade name 20,000 — 20,000 — Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 825,211 $ 378,070 $ 447,141 4.68 The Company’s amortization expense for intangible assets was $ 102.0 million, $ 101.4 million and $ 105.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 77 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The estimated amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter in the aggregate is as follows: ($ in thousands) Estimated Future Year Ending December 31, Amortization Expense 2025 $ 93,111 2026 78,233 2027 62,281 2028 55,167 2029 41,760 Thereafter 38,482 9. Goodwill The Company’s reporting units for goodwill impairment evaluation purposes are the same as its reportable segments. The Company concluded that goodwill was no t impaired for either the Consumer Payments or the Business Payments segment as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, accumulated impairment loss was $ 75.7 million for the Business Payments segment. As of December 31, 2022, there were no accumulated impairment losses for either the Consumer Payments or Business Payments segment. The following table presents changes to goodwill by business segment, for the year ended December 31, 2023: ($ in thousands) Consumer Payments Business Payments Total Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 609,139 $ 218,674 $ 827,813 Dispositions ( 35,270 ) — ( 35,270 ) Impairments — ( 75,750 ) ( 75,750 ) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 573,869 $ 142,924 $ 716,793 There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for either the Consumer Payments or Business Payments segment during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a reduction in goodwill of $ 35.3 million related to the disposition of BCS. In addition, the Company recognized an impairment of $ 75.7 million related to the Business Payments reporting unit during the annual goodwill impairment testing . Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is subject to uncertainty, as the Business Payments reporting unit was primarily impacted by a change in the discount rate. The impairment loss was recognized within Impairment loss in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the Business Payments reporting unit is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement as it includes certain unobservable inputs. 10. Borrowings Amended Credit Agreement On February 3, 2021, the Company announced the closing of a new undrawn $ 125.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility through Truist Bank. The Amended Credit Agreement replaces the Company’s Successor Credit Agreement, which included an undrawn $ 30.0 million Revolving Credit Facility. On December 29, 2021, the Company increased its existing senior secured credit facilities by $ 60.0 million to a $ 185.0 million revolving credit facility pursuant to an amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement. The Company was in compliance with its restrictive covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement at December 31, 2024. On February 9, 2023, the Company further amended the Amended Credit Agreement to replace London Inter-bank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) with term SOFR as the interest rate benchmark. On February 28, 2023, the Company repaid in full the entire amount of $ 20.0 million of the outstanding revolving credit facility. The undrawn capacity of the existing revolving credit facility under the Amended Credit Agreement became $ 185.0 million after the repayment. 78 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Second Amended Credit Agreement On July 10, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Second Amended Credit Agreement”) with certain financial institutions, as lenders, and Truist Bank, as administrative agent. The Second Amended Credit Agreement amends and restates the Amended Credit Agreement. The Second Amended Credit Agreement establishes a $ 250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. The borrowings accrue interest at either base rate plus a margin of 0.75 % to 1.75 % or at an adjusted SOFR rate plus a margin of 1.75 % to 2.75 %, in each case depending on the total net leverage ratio, as defined in the Second Amended Credit Agreement. The unused commitment fees accrue at 0.25 % on the daily amount of unused commitment. This facility matures on the earlier of (a) July 10, 2029 , (b) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the 2026 Notes (defined below) (subject to certain exceptions for adequate liquidity) and (c) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the 2029 Notes (defined below) (subject to certain exceptions for adequate liquidity). The maturity date may be extended, subject to certain terms and conditions. As of December 31, 2024 , the Company had $ 0 drawn against the revolving credit facility. The Company paid $ 0.6 million and $ 0.5 million in fees related to unused commitments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Convertible Senior Notes On January 19, 2021, the Company issued $ 440.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.00 % Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) in a private placement. The initial conversion rate of the 2026 Notes was 29.7619 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 33.60 per share of Class A common stock). Upon conversion of the 2026 Notes, the Company may choose to pay or deliver cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The 2026 Notes will mature on February 1, 2026 , unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed. Subject to Nasdaq requirements, the Company controls the conversion rights prior to November 3, 2025, unless a fundamental change or an event of default occurs. On July 8, 2024, the Company repurchased $ 220.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes at a discount based on the quoted prices from over-the-counter markets, with a cash payment of $ 205.2 million. The repurchase of the 2026 Notes resulted in a gain of $ 13.1 million, net of a write-off of debt issuance costs relating to the repurchased principal during the year ended December 31, 2024 and was recorded within Gain on debt extinguishment in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. On July 8, 2024, the Company issued $ 287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.875 % Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) in a private placement to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. $ 27.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes were sold in connection with the full exercise of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase such additional 2029 Notes offering pursuant to the purchase agreement. The net proceeds of the 2029 Notes were $ 279.2 million after fees and expenses incurred. The 2029 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.875 % per year, payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2025. The initial conversion rate of the 2029 Notes was 76.8182 of the Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 13.02 per share of Class A common stock). The conversion rate is subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. Prior to April 15, 2029, the 2029 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders, only under certain circumstances, into cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes to be converted and cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares, at the Company’s election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes being converted. On or after April 15, 2029 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert the 2029 Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. The 2029 Notes will mature on July 15, 2029 , unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms. On July 8, 2024, in connection with the issuance of the 2029 Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Company used approximately $ 39.2 million of the net proceeds from the 2029 Notes to pay the cost of the capped call transactions. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Class A common stock upon any conversion of the 2029 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted the 2029 Notes. The capped call had an initial strike price of $ 13.02 per share and a cap price of $ 20.42 per share. The capped call transactions meet the accounting criteria to be reflected in stockholders’ equity and not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $ 39.2 million incurred in connection with the capped call transactions was reflected as a reduction to Additional paid-in-capital in Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024, net of applicable income taxes. 79 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements During the year ended December 31, 2024 , the conversion contingencies of the convertible senior notes were not met, and the conversion terms of the 2026 Notes and 2029 Notes were not significantly changed. The Company’s interest expense on the convertible senior notes was $ 4.0 million and $ 0 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes the total borrowings under the credit agreements and convertible senior notes: ($ in thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Non-current indebtedness: Convertible senior notes: 2026 Notes $ 220,000 $ 440,000 2029 Notes 287,500 — Total borrowings 507,500 440,000 Less: Long-term loan debt issuance cost (1) 10,722 5,834 Total non-current borrowings $ 496,778 $ 434,166 (1) The Company incurre d $ 3.0 million, $ 2.8 million and $ 2.8 million of interest expense for the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 , respectively. Following is a summary of principal maturities of borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2024 for each of the next five years ending December 31 and in the aggregate: ($ in thousands) 2025 $ — 2026 220,000 2027 — 2028 — 2029 287,500 $ 507,500 11. Commitments and Contingencies Legal Matters The Company is a party to various claims and lawsuits incidental to its business. In the Company’s opinion, the liabilities, if any, which may ultimately result from the outcome of such matters, individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial position, liquidity, results of operations or cash flows. Leases The Company has commitments under operating leases for real estate leased from third parties under non-cancelable operating leases. The Company’s leases typically have lease terms between three years and ten years , with the longest lease term having an expiration date in 2035 . Most of these leases include one or more renewal options for six years or less , and certain leases also include lessee termination options . At lease commencement, the Company assesses whether it is reasonably certain to exercise a renewal option, or reasonably certain not to exercise a termination option, by considering various economic factors. Options that are reasonably certain of being exercised are factored into the determination of the lease term, and related payments are included in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. On December 31, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment for one of the existing leases to relocate to another space within the building, commencing on August 1, 2024. The landlord provided a construction allowance, in the form of reimbursements, of up to $ 1.4 million related to approved improvements and renovations of the landlord’s property during the construction period. On July 25, 2024, the Company further amended and restated the agreement which modified the commencement date of the lease to September 1, 2024. On July 12, 2024, the Company entered an agreement with a third party to sublease one of the operating leases. No impairment test was performed due to the anticipated sublease income exceeding the lease costs for the term of the sublease. 80 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized sub lease income of $ 0.3 million and $ 0.1 million, respectively, within Other (loss) income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The components of lease costs are presented in the following table: Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Components of total lease costs: Operating lease costs $ 1,985 $ 2,378 $ 2,678 Short-term lease costs 24 30 52 Total lease costs $ 2,009 $ 2,408 $ 2,730 Amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows: ($ in thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Operating Leases: Right-of-use assets $ 11,142 $ 8,023 Lease liability, current 1,230 1,629 Lease liability, long-term 10,507 7,247 Total lease liabilities $ 11,737 $ 8,876 Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) 5.6 4.3 Weighted-average discount rate (annualized) 6.2 % 5.8 % Other information related to leases are as follows: Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 2,266 $ 2,312 $ 2,592 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: Operating leases 6,262 — 2,511 The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s operating leases liabilities as of December 31, 2024: ($ in thousands) 2025 $ 1,915 2026 2,320 2027 2,028 2028 1,867 2029 1,674 Thereafter 5,039 Total undiscounted lease payments 14,843 Less: Imputed interest 3,106 Total lease liabilities $ 11,737 12. Related Party Transactions The Company incurred transaction costs on behalf of related parties of $ 0 , $ 5.4 million and $ 10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These costs consist of retention bonuses and other compensation to employees, associated with the costs resulting from the integration of new businesses. The Company held TRA payables for related parties of $ 27.5 million and $ 25.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 , respectively. These amounts were owed to holders of the Post-Merger Repay Units. 81 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 13. Share Based Compensation Omnibus Incentive Plan In connection with the Business Combination, Thunder Bridge shareholders considered and approved the Incentive Plan which resulted in the reservation of 7,326,728 shares of common stock for issuance thereunder. The Incentive Plan became effective immediately upon the closing of the Business Combination. On June 8, 2022, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the Incentive Plan, which, among other modifications, increased the number of shares available for awards by 6,500,000 . On May 30, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the Incentive Plan, which, among other modifications, increased the number of shares available for awards by 8,400,000 , so that the total reserved shares for issuance under the Incentive Plan is 22,226,728 . Under this plan, the Company currently has four types of share-based compensation awards outstanding: PSUs, RSAs, RSUs and PSOs. The following table summarized share-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized for the Company’s share-based compensation awards: Year Ended December 31, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2022 Share-based compensation expense $ 24.4 $ 22.2 $ 20.3 Income tax benefit 2.7 1.7 2.1 RSAs and RSUs The grant date fair value of RSAs and RSUs, which is based on the quoted market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the grant date, is recognized as share-based compensation expense on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service period. Most RSAs vest in equal annual installments over the requisite service period (which is typically a four-year period). In limited cases, RSAs may vest on the grant date with a one-year holding period. RSUs vest at the first anniversary of the grant date. Restricted shares cannot be sold or transferred until they have vested. Activity for RSAs for the year ended December 31, 2024 was as follows: Class A Common Stock Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested at December 31, 2023 3,550,365 $ 9.26 Granted 1,930,826 8.01 Forfeited (1) 636,492 9.61 Vested 859,602 10.58 Unvested at December 31, 2024 3,985,097 8.31 Activity for RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2024 was as follows: Class A Common Stock Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested at December 31, 2023 171,384 $ 7.41 Granted 130,923 9.70 Forfeited — — Vested 171,384 7.41 Unvested at December 31, 2024 130,923 9.70 (1) The forfeited shares include shares forfeited as a result of employee terminations and shares withheld to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and payment obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards under the Incentive Plan during the year ended December 31, 2024 ; further, these forfeited shares are added back to the amount of shares available for grant under the Incentive Plan. 82 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements PSUs The Company has two types of PSU grant agreements, with one vesting based on relative total stock return (“TSR PSUs”) and one vesting based on adjusted EBITDA growth (“EBITDA PSUs”). TSR PSUs are based on a performance condition, such that the Company’s total shareholder return relative to a comparator group for the applicable performance period determines the number of shares (if any) that is ultimately issued upon vesting. The grant date fair value of TSR PSUs is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation. Compensation expense of TSR PSUs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable performance period. The performance and service period for TSR PSUs is three years. EBITDA PSUs are based on a performance condition, such that the growth of the Company’s adjusted EBITDA during each fiscal year within the applicable performance period determines the number of shares (if any) that is ultimately issued upon vesting. The grant date fair value of EBITDA PSUs is based on the quoted market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the grant date. As the Company determines that the performance condition associated with EBITDA PSUs is probable, the attributable compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable performance period. If, in the future, it is determined that achieving the performance condition related to EBITDA PSUs is improbable, the Company would reverse any compensation expense recognized to date associated with EBITDA PSUs. The performance and service period for EBITDA PSUs is three years. Activity for PSUs for the year ended December 31, 2024 was as follows: Class A Common Stock (1) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested at December 31, 2023 1,482,791 $ 10.88 Granted 762,583 13.03 Forfeited 233,487 16.72 Vested 146,807 16.72 Unvested at December 31, 2024 1,865,080 10.57 (1) Represent shares to be paid out at 100 % target level. The weighted average grant date fair value of TSR PSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $ 16.36 and $ 8.87 , respectively. Fair value was estimated on the date of grant using Monte Carlo simulation with the following weighted average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Risk-free interest rate 4.76 % 3.67 % Expected volatility 60.77 % 58.25 % Correlation coefficients 0.58 0.51 Dividend yield 0 % 0 % Expected term (in years) 2.6 2.8 The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of a zero coupon U.S. Treasury security with a maturity equal to the contractual term of three years. The assumption on expected volatility was based on the average of historical peer group volatilities using daily prices. Correlation coefficients are calculated between the index and the peer group using the same daily stock prices that are used for the expected volatility assumptions. The dividend yield assumption was determined as 0 % since the Company pays no dividends. Expected term was based on the time period from the grant date to the end of the performance period. For PSUs, RSAs, and RSUs vested during the year ended December 31, 2024 , the total fair value, based upon the Company’s Class A common stock price at the date vested, was $ 14.8 million. Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested PSUs, RSAs and RSUs was $ 25.6 million as of December 31, 2024 , which is expected to be recognized as expense over the weighted-average period of 1.76 years. Stock Options Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and have a term of seven years . Stock options vest in three tranches, and each tranche may vest upon the later of (i) 83 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements the date that the market value of the Company’s common stock for a period of twenty consecutive trading days exceeds a stock price goal and (ii) the corresponding time based service requirement. Activity for PSOs for the year ended December 31, 2024 was as follows: Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at December 31, 2023 1,148,822 $ 6.13 7.0 $ 2,768,661 Granted — — — — Forfeited — — — — Exercised 58,892 6.13 7.0 113,374 Outstanding at December 31, 2024 1,089,930 $ 6.13 7.0 $ 1,634,895 Options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2024 294,462 $ 6.13 7.0 $ 441,693 The Company recognized compensation expense for PSOs o f $ 1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 . Unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding PSOs was $ 0.5 million at December 31, 2024 , which is expected to be recognized as expense over the weighted-average period of 1.0 year. During the year ended December 31, 2024 , cash received from exercise of PSOs was $ 0.4 million, and $ 0.0 million of tax benefit was recognized from PSOs exercise. The weighted average grant date fair value of PSOs granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $ 2.61 . Fair value was estimated on the date of grant using Monte Carlo simulation with the following weighted average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2023 Risk-free interest rate 3.42 % Expected volatility 52.82 % Dividend yield 0 % Expected term (in years) 4.5 The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of a zero coupon U.S. Treasury security with a maturity equal to the contractual term of seven years. The assumption on expected volatility was based on the average of historical peer group volatilities using daily prices. The dividend yield assumption was determined as 0 % since the Company pays no dividends. Expected term was based on the simplified method outlined in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 14, Share-Based Payment due to the fact that Company does not have sufficient historical data upon which to estimate an expected term. Given that the Company’s Class A common stock has been publicly traded for less than seven years, the Company believes that the simplified method is an applicable methodology to estimate the expected term of the options as of the grant date. 14. Taxation Repay Holdings Corporation is taxed as a corporation and is subject to paying corporate federal, state and local taxes on the income allocated to it from Hawk Parent, based upon Repay Holding Corporation’s economic interest held in Hawk Parent, as well as any stand-alone income or loss it generates. Hawk Parent is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal and most applicable state and local income tax purposes. As a partnership, Hawk Parent is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Hawk Parent’s members, including Repay Holdings Corporation, are liable for federal, state and local income taxes based on their allocable share of Hawk Parent’s pass-through taxable income. 84 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The components of loss before income taxes are as follows: Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Domestic $ ( 13,146 ) $ ( 121,593 ) $ 13,305 Foreign 2,226 2,058 1,610 Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) $ ( 10,920 ) $ ( 119,535 ) $ 14,915 The Company recorded a provision for income tax as follows: Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Current expense Federal $ 872 $ 591 $ 1,300 State 570 332 263 Foreign 473 556 419 Total current expense $ 1,915 $ 1,479 $ 1,982 Deferred expense (benefit) Federal $ ( 2,774 ) $ ( 1,858 ) $ 1,421 State 284 ( 1,736 ) 2,755 Foreign — — 16 Total deferred expense (benefit) ( 2,490 ) ( 3,594 ) 4,192 Income tax expense (benefit) $ ( 575 ) $ ( 2,115 ) $ 6,174 A reconciliation of the United States statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows for the years indicated: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Federal income tax expense 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State taxes, net of federal benefit 10.2 % 0.1 % 0.8 % Income attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 0.4 %) ( 1.3 %) 5.8 % Excess tax shortfall related to share-based compensation ( 13.0 %) ( 1.9 %) 5.6 % Business disposition 0.0 % ( 6.2 %) 0.0 % Goodwill impairment 0.0 % ( 12.3 %) 0.0 % Change in fair value of contingent consideration 0.0 % 0.0 % ( 4.0 %) Foreign rate differential ( 2.1 %) ( 0.3 %) 1.4 % R&D credit - Federal 8.0 % 1.1 % ( 4.8 %) Provision to return - Federal 0.9 % 0.5 % ( 3.8 %) State rate change impact on deferred taxes ( 17.4 %) 1.2 % 19.0 % Other, net ( 1.9 %) ( 0.1 %) 0.5 % Effective tax rate 5.3 % 1.8 % 41.4 % The Company’s effective tax rate was 5.3 %, 1.8 % and 41.4 % for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The comparison of the Company’s effective tax rate to the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21 % was primarily influenced by the fact that the Company is not liable for the income taxes on the portion of Hawk Parent’s earnings that are attributable to noncontrolling interests, the calculation of the Federal and state research and development credit and its impact on income taxes and the excess tax shortfall related to share-based compensation. Further, the comparison is reflective of the effect of remeasuring net deferred tax assets for state tax rate changes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Details of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: 85 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ($ in thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Deferred tax assets Tax Credits $ 5,653 $ 4,720 Acquisition Costs 257 289 Federal Net Operating Losses 26,761 26,988 State Net Operating Losses 6,624 5,604 Tax Integrated Capped Call 8,954 — Other Assets ( 41 ) ( 12 ) Partnership basis tax differences 131,598 134,422 Total deferred tax asset 179,806 172,011 Valuation allowance ( 8,734 ) ( 11,924 ) Total deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance 171,072 160,087 Deferred tax liabilities Other intangibles - Payix ( 3,023 ) ( 4,679 ) Other liabilities ( 4,766 ) ( 8,536 ) Total deferred tax liabilities ( 7,789 ) ( 13,215 ) Net deferred tax assets $ 163,283 $ 146,872 As a result of the finalization of 2023 income tax returns, Post-Merger Repay Unit exchanges during the year ended December 31, 2024 , and estimates of current year activity, the Company recognized a reduction of the deferred tax asset (“DTA”) and offsetting deferred tax liability (“DTL”) in the amount of $ 3.2 million, compared to a reduction of $ 3.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, to account for the portion of the Company’s outside basis in the partnership interest that it will not recover through tax deductions, a ceiling rule limitation arising under Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) sec. 704(c). As the ceiling rule causes taxable income allocations to be in excess of 704(b) book allocations the DTL will unwind, leaving only the DTA, which may only be recovered through the sale of the partnership interest in Hawk Parent. The Company has concluded, based on the weight of all positive and negative evidence, that all of the DTA associated with the ceiling rule limitation is not likely to be realized as of December 31, 2024 . As such, a 100 % valuation allowance was recognized. As of December 31, 2024 , the Company had net tax effected federal and state (net of federal benefit) net operating losses (“NOLs”) of $ 33.4 million, of which approximately $ 29.3 million have an indefinite life. NOLs of approximately $ 4.0 million and $ 0.1 million will begin to expire in 2034 and 2028 , respectively. As of December 31, 2024 , the Company had federal and state research tax credit carryforwards of $ 3.8 million and $ 1.3 million, respectively, which will begin to expire in 2039 and 2032 , respectively. As of December 31, 2024 , the Company had a federal foreign tax credit carryforward of $ 0.5 million. The Company believes as of December 31, 2024 , based on the weight of all positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the NOLs and tax credits and, as such, no valuation allowance was recorded. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2020. No uncertain tax positions existed as of December 31, 2024. Tax Receivable Agreement Liability Pursuant to our election under Section 754 of the Code, we expect to obtain an increase in our share of the tax basis in the net assets of Hawk Parent when Post-Merger Repay Units are redeemed or exchanged for Class A common stock of Repay Holdings Corporation. The Company intends to treat any redemptions and exchanges of Post-Merger Repay Units as direct purchases for U.S. federal income tax purposes. These increases in tax basis may reduce the amounts that the Company would otherwise pay in the future to various tax authorities. They may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets. On July 11, 2019, the Company entered into a TRA that provides for the payment by the Company of 100 % of the amount of any tax benefits realized, or in some cases are deemed to realize, as a result of (i) increases in our share of the tax basis in the net assets of Hawk Parent resulting from any redemptions or exchanges of Post-Merger Repay Units and from our acquisition of the equity of the selling Hawk Parent members, (ii) tax basis increases attributable to payments made under the TRA, and (iii) deductions attributable to imputed interest pursuant to the TRA (the “TRA Payments”). The TRA Payments are not conditioned upon any continued ownership interest in Hawk Parent or Repay. The rights of each party under the TRA other 86 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements than the Company are assignable. The timing and amount of aggregate payments due under the TRA may vary based on a number of factors, including the timing and amount of taxable income generated by the Company each year, as well as the tax rate then applicable, among other factors. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a liability of $ 203.6 million related to the fair value of its projected obligations under the TRA, which is captioned as the tax receivable agreement liability in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The increase of $ 14.7 million in the TRA liability for the year ended December 31, 2024 , was primarily a result of the decrease in the Early Termination Rate, subsequent exchanges of Post-Merger Repay Units occurring during the period, and accretion, partially offset by a decrease in the tax rate and a payment of the current portion of the TRA liability, as reported at December 31, 2023, over the same period. 15. Segments The Company organizes its business structure around two operating segments based on review of discrete financial results for each of the operating segments by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), for performance assessment and resource allocation purposes. Each of the Company’s operating segments represents a reportable segment based on ASC 280, Segment Reporting . The Company’s two reportable segments are as follows: (1) Consumer Payments and (2) Business Payments. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. For both segments, the CODM uses the segment gross profit to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial or capital resources) and assess performance of each segment predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis for the gross profit measure when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segments. The following table presents revenue, cost of services and gross profit for each reportable segment. Year Ended December 31, ($ in thousand) 2024 2023 2022 Revenue Consumer Payments $ 280,966 $ 275,708 $ 248,191 Business Payments 52,923 38,058 42,600 Elimination of intersegment revenues (1) ( 20,847 ) ( 17,139 ) ( 11,564 ) Total revenue $ 313,042 $ 296,627 $ 279,227 Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) Consumer Payments $ 57,859 $ 59,612 $ 52,649 Business Payments 13,777 10,091 12,177 Total cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) $ 71,636 $ 69,703 $ 64,826 Gross profit (2) Consumer Payments $ 223,107 $ 216,096 $ 195,542 Business Payments 39,146 27,967 30,423 Elimination of intersegment revenues ( 20,847 ) ( 17,139 ) ( 11,564 ) Total gross profit $ 241,406 $ 226,924 $ 214,401 Total other operating expenses (3) $ 249,176 $ 338,337 $ 261,602 Total other income (expense) ( 3,150 ) ( 8,122 ) 62,116 Income (loss) before income tax benefit (expense) ( 10,920 ) ( 119,535 ) 14,915 Income tax benefit (expense) 575 2,115 ( 6,174 ) Net income (loss) $ ( 10,345 ) $ ( 117,420 ) $ 8,741 (1) Represents revenue eliminations between business units within the Consumer Payments segment and eliminations of intersegment revenues for consolidation purpose. (2) Represents revenue less costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). (3) Represents total operating expenses less costs of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). 87 REPAY HOLDINGS CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Revenue and costs of services are attributed directly to each segment. There is no significant concentration of revenue or assets in foreign countries as of December 31, 2024. The CODM reporting package does not include interest income (expense), net, depreciation and amortization, income tax benefit (expense) and discrete asset details of the operating segments as this information is not considered by the CODM for resource allocation or other segment analysis purposes. 16. Subsequent Events Management has evaluated subsequent events and their potential effects on these consolidated financial statements. Based upon the review, management did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements. 88 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCO UNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. None.