Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, which primarily relate to fluctuations in the value of our investments, interest rates, foreign currency exchange, and inflation.
Market Risk
As of September 30, 2023, we held outstanding shares of publicly-traded equity securities valued at $10.1 million. We have sold, and may continue to sell, some or all of our existing equity securities. These equity securities are often in early- or growth-stage companies that have minimal public trading history; as such the fair value of these equity securities may fluctuate depending on the financial outcome and prospects of the issuers, as well as global market conditions, including recent and ongoing volatility related to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, Hamas’ recent attack against Israel and ensuing conflicts, rising interest rates, and financial services sector instability. Additionally, investing in or holding securities of early- or growth-stage companies carries inherent risks because, among other things, the technologies or products that are being developed by these companies are typically in the early phases and may never materialize or they may not achieve their growth or other business objectives, and they have and may continue to experience a decline in financial condition or file for bankruptcy, which could result in a loss of all or a substantial part of our equity holdings in these companies. We record gains or losses as the fair value of these holdings change and as we sell them. We anticipate additional volatility to our condensed consolidated statements of operations due to changes in market prices and declines in financial conditions of applicable issuers, and as such gains and losses are realized. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net unrealized losses related to publicly-traded equity securities held at the end of such period of $5.6 million were recorded in other income (expense), net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We do not currently anticipate entering into new Investment Agreements, as defined in Note 4. Investments and Fair Value Measurements in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, to purchase, or commit to purchase, securities of special purpose acquisition companies. However, we have and may continue to accept securities as consideration or invest in securities, which may contribute to additional volatility to our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Interest Rate Risk
Our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and available-for-sale debt securities consist of cash, U.S. treasury securities, certificates of deposit, and money market funds. Our primary investment policy and strategies are focused on the preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity requirements; however, to a lesser extent we have made and may continue to make investments in early- and growth-stage companies, as disclosed in Note 4. Investments and Fair Value Measurements in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Due to the short-term nature of the financial instruments, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our contracts with customers are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, with the remaining denominated in foreign currencies. Our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations, which are primarily in the United States, United Kingdom, and other European countries. Our results of current and future operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in JPY, Euro, and GBP. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, fluctuations in net income (loss) as a result of transaction gains or losses related to remeasuring certain asset and liability balances that are denominated in foreign currencies. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and economic conditions change. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our condensed consolidated financial statements, and we have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging transactions.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
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