VanEck Merk Gold ETF 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations This information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes to the unaudited financial statements included in Item 1 of Part 1 of this Form 10-Q. The discussion and analysis that follows may contain forward-looking statements with respect to the VanEck Merk Gold ETF’s financial conditions, operations, future performance and business. These statements can be identified by the use of the words “may , ” “should , ” “expect , ” “plan , ” “anticipate , ” “believe , ” “estimate , ” “predict , ” “potential” or similar words and phrases. These statements are based upon certain assumptions and analyses Merk Investments LLC, the Sponsor, has made based on its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments. Neither the Trust nor the Sponsor is under a duty to update any of the forward looking statements, to conform such statements to actual results or to reflect a change in management’s expectations or predictions. Introduction The VanEck Merk Gold ETF (the “Trust”), formerly known as the Merk Gold Trust prior to October 26, 2015 and then as the Van Eck Merk Gold Trust prior to April 28, 2016, and then as VanEck Merk Gold Trust prior to August 30, 2024, is an exchange-traded fund formed on May 6, 2014 under New York law pursuant to a depositary trust agreement (as amended, the “Trust Agreement”). The Trust is not managed like a corporation or an active investment vehicle. It does not have any officers, directors, or employees and is administered by The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Trustee”) pursuant to the Trust Agreement. The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and is not required to register under such act. It will not hold or trade in commodity futures contracts, nor is it a commodity pool, or subject to regulation as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading adviser in connection with issuing shares. The Trust’s primary objective is to provide investors with an opportunity to invest in gold through the shares and be able to take delivery of physical gold bullion and gold coins (“physical gold”) in exchange for those shares. The Trust’s secondary objective is for the shares to reflect the performance of the price of gold less the expenses of the Trust’s operations. Each share represents a fractional undivided beneficial interest in the Trust’s net assets. The Trust’s assets consist principally of gold held on the Trust’s behalf in financial institutions for safekeeping. Physical gold that the Trust will hold includes London Bars and, for the limited purposes described herein, other gold bars and coins, without numismatic value, having a minimum fineness (or purity) of 995 parts per 1,000 (99.5%) or, for American Gold Eagle gold coins, with a minimum fineness of 91.67%. Shares are issued by the Trust only in blocks of 50,000 shares called “Baskets” in exchange for gold from certain registered broker-dealers or other securities market participants (“Authorized Participants”). See “Creation and Redemption of Shares— Authorized Participants ” in the notes to our financial statements for requirements to qualify as an Authorized Participant. Baskets may be redeemed by the Trust in exchange for the amount of gold corresponding to their redemption value. The Trust issues and redeems Baskets on an ongoing basis at net asset value to Authorized Participants who have entered into a contract with the Sponsor and the Trustee. Shares of the Trust trade on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) Arca under the symbol “OUNZ”. Valuation of Gold and Computation of Net Asset Value On each business day that the NYSE Arca is open for regular trading, as promptly as practicable after 4:00 PM (New York time) the Trustee will value the gold held by the Trust and will determine the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Trust, as described below. The NAV of the Trust is the aggregate value of gold and other assets, if any, of the Trust (other than any amounts credited to the Trust’s reserve account, if any) and cash, if any, less liabilities of the Trust, which include estimated accrued but unpaid fees, expenses and other liabilities. All gold is valued based on its Fine Ounce content, calculated by multiplying the weight of gold by its purity; the same methodology is applied independent of the type of gold held by the Trust; similarly, the value of up to 430 Fine Ounces of unallocated gold the Trust may hold is calculated by multiplying the number of Fine Ounces with the price of gold determined by the Trustee as follows. 12 Prior to August 7, 2023 (the “Index Change Date”), the Trustee valued the gold held by the Trust based on the afternoon session of the twice daily fix of the price of a Fine Ounce of gold which starts at 3:00 PM London, England time and is performed in London by the ICE Benchmark Administration as an independent third-party administrator (the “LBMA PM Gold Price”). The Trustee also determines the NAV per Share. Prior to the Index Change Date, if on a day when the Trust’s NAV was being calculated the LBMA PM Gold Price for that day was not available, the Trustee would value the gold held by the Trust based on that day’s morning session of the twice daily fix of the price of a Fine Ounce of gold, which starts at 10:30 AM London, England time and is performed in London by the ICE Benchmark Administration as an independent third-party administrator (the “LBMA AM Gold Price” and together with the LBMA PM Gold Price, the “LBMA Gold Price”). If no fix was available for the day, the Trustee valued the Trust’s gold based on the most recently announced LBMA AM Gold Price or LBMA PM Gold Price. On the Index Change Date, the pricing index the Sponsor uses in relation to the Shares issued by the Trust changed to the Solactive Gold Spot Index (the “Solactive Index”) in lieu of the LBMA Gold Price. Since the Index Change Date, the Trustee values the gold held by the Trust based on the Solactive Index. Solactive AG (“Solactive”) owns, calculates, and disseminates the Solactive Index. The Solactive Index is a U.S. Dollar denominated index that aims to provide a price fixing for the gold spot price quoted as U.S. Dollars per Troy Ounce (“XAU”) and determined for the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The Solactive Index calculates gold bullion fixing prices by taking Time Weighted Average Prices (“TWAP”) of XAU trading prices provided via ICE Data Services (“IDS”) data feed. Specifically, the Solactive Index uses a TWAP calculation to determine an average price that is time-weighted, using price values of actual transactions (“Trade Ticks”) for two specified time periods around the scheduled close of trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 PM Eastern Time). The TWAP is derived for (1) the period ahead of the fixing (“Time Period 1”), which consists of the five minutes before the close of trading, and (2) the period directly after the fixing (“Time Period 2”), which consists of the six seconds after the close of trading. The TWAPs for Time Period 1 and Time Period 2 are then aggregated, with 90% weighting given to Time Period 1 and 10% weighting given to Time Period 2, to calculate the Solactive Index. The TWAPs for Time Period 1 and Time Period 2 are then added together to establish the Solactive Index price. For any calculation day t, the Solactive Index (Indext), is determined in accordance with the following formula: The Solactive Index is calculated and published by Solactive no later than 30 minutes following the close of trading on the NYSE, disseminated to major financial data providers, and made publicly available via the Trust’s website. The Solactive Index calculation is based on XAU market data from IDS, which is a major provider of financial market data. The data is available through IDS’s data streaming service, which covers 2,700 spot rates and over 7,500 forwards and non-deliverable forwards, with an average of over 130 million updates per day for spot. IDS compiles data from over 100 sources, including market makers, execution venues, banks and brokers from across the globe, and every updating Trade Tick of spot streaming data is available via IDS’s Integrated Data Viewer service in a file-based format. It is unlikely that, on any given trading day for the Shares, there would be no Trade Ticks recorded for XAU in either Time Period 1 or Time Period 2, such that the Solactive Index calculation could not be performed on such day. Trade Ticks representing XAU are the closing prices for specific gold bullion transactions posted in a 24-hour, global, over-the-counter gold bullion market, which is not subject to trading suspensions, trading halts, or market closures. However, in the unlikely event that IDS is unable to publish pricing information for XAU, for whatever reason, during either Time Period 1 or Time Period 2 on a given trading day, the last available Solactive Index calculation will be used in accordance with Solactive’s published and publicly available disruption policy. 13 If the Sponsor determines that such price becomes inappropriate to use, it shall identify an alternate basis for evaluation to be employed by the Trustee. The Sponsor may instruct the Trustee to use a different publicly available price which the Sponsor determines to fairly represent the commercial value of the Trust’s gold. Material Events On October 22, 2015, the Sponsor and the Trustee entered into a First Amendment To Depositary Trust Agreement (the “First Trust Amendment”), amending the Trust Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2014, to effectuate a change in the name of the Trust from “Merk Gold Trust” to “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust,” effective as of October 26, 2015. As a result of the name change, all references to “Merk Gold Trust” in the Trust Agreement were amended to read “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust,” and the shares offered by the Trust were known as the “Van Eck Merk Gold Shares” (“Shares”). On October 22, 2015, the Sponsor, for the benefit of the Trust, entered into a Marketing Agent Agreement (as amended to date, the “Marketing Agreement”) with Van Eck Securities Corporation (“VanEck” or “Marketing Agent”). Pursuant to the Marketing Agreement, VanEck now provides assistance in the marketing of the Shares. The obligations created by the Marketing Agreement are obligations of the Sponsor of the Trust and any fees payable under the Marketing Agreement to VanEck are payable from the Sponsor’s fee (as calculated and defined in the Trust Agreement). The Trust will not incur additional financial or other performance obligations pursuant to the Marketing Agreement. The Sponsor entered into the First Trust Amendment and effectuated the name change of the Trust in satisfaction of a term of the Marketing Agreement. The Marketing Agreement further grants VanEck the right to elect to replace Merk as the sponsor of the Trust under specific qualifying circumstances, subject to the execution and consummation of definitive agreements addressing all regulatory requirements applicable to such transaction and satisfaction of such requirements, and announcement and related reporting at such time. Specifically, VanEck has a right of first refusal for the purchase of the sponsorship of the Trust, and all rights attributable thereto, upon the earlier of a commitment for a change of control of Merk or 15 years from the date of the Marketing Agreement. Additionally, VanEck may elect to replace Merk as the sponsor of the Trust upon the earlier of the average daily net assets of the Trust during a calendar quarter not attributable to Shares held by Merk or its affiliates (“Third Party Assets”) equaling $500 million, or VanEck’s compensation under the fee provisions of the Marketing Agreement reaching in aggregate 10% of the gross proceeds from sale of the Shares (the “Maximum Fee”). Merk further agreed that if the Third Party Assets equal or exceed $500 million, for such period as Merk remains sponsor of the Trust, VanEck may propose the rate of the Sponsor’s fee to Merk, which Merk shall not unreasonably reject and shall timely adopt if reasonable, provided, VanEck acknowledges that only the formal named sponsor of the Trust shall have the right to set the Sponsor’s fee at any time. On April 28, 2016, the Sponsor and the Trustee entered into a Second Amendment to Depositary Trust Agreement (the “Second Trust Amendment”), amending the Trust Agreement to effectuate a second change in the name of the Trust from “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust” to “VanEck Merk Gold Trust,” at the request of the Marketing Agent to reflect its rebranding as “VanEck”. As a result of the name change, all references to “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust” in the Trust Agreement were amended to read “VanEck Merk Gold Trust,” and the Shares offered by the Trust are now known as the “VanEck Merk Gold Shares”. Except for the name change effected pursuant to the Second Trust Amendment, the Trust Agreement remains in full force and effect on its existing terms. Effective July 24, 2020, the Sponsor exercised its rights under the Trust Agreement to adjust the Sponsor’s fee upon written notice to the Trustee and publication of the proposed change on its website. The Sponsor’s fee is payable at an annualized rate of 0.25% of the Trust’s NAV, accrued on a daily basis computed on the prior business day’s NAV and paid monthly in arrears. As of the Index Change Date, the Sponsor has changed the pricing index it uses in relation to the Shares issued by the Trust to reference the Solactive Index in lieu of the LBMA Gold Price. In determining the Trust’s NAV, the Trustee now values the gold held by the Trust based on the Solactive Index. On August 20, 2024, the Sponsor and the Trustee entered into a Third Amendment to Depository Trust Agreement (the “Third Trust Amendment”), effective as of August 30, 2024, amending the Second Trust Agreement to effectuate a third change in the name of the Trust from “VanEck Merk Gold Trust” to “VanEck Merk Gold ETF.” As a result of the name change, all references to “VanEck Merk Gold Trust” in the Trust Agreement were amended to read “VanEck Merk Gold ETF.” The Shares offered by the Trust remain known as the “VanEck Merk Gold Shares.” Except for the name change effected pursuant to the Third Trust Amendment, the Trust Agreement remains in full force and effect on its existing terms. 14 Change in Settlement Cycle and Amendment to Authorized Participant Agreements Effective May 28, 2024, the creation and redemption of new Baskets for the Trust typically will be settled on a “T+1” basis (i.e., one business day after the trade date), unless the Trust and Authorized Participant agree to a different settlement date. However, the Trust reserves the right to settle such transactions on a basis other than T+1 effective May 28, 2024, including in order to accommodate the non-U.S. market holiday schedules, and closures and settlement cycles. Further, an Authorized Participant and the Trust may agree in advance of order acceptance to a different settlement cycle than the standard securities transaction settlement cycle of one business day if the allocation or de-allocation, as the case may be, of Trust’s bullion would be expected to be delayed and prevent a one business day settlement cycle for the order. Due to the fact that the aforementioned creation and redemption procedures are addressed in the Authorized Participant Agreements by among the Authorized Participants, the Trustee and the Sponsor, the Trustee and the Sponsor exercised their rights to amend each such agreement to address the new T+2 settlement cycle and executed First Amendments to each of the Authorized Participant Agreements, effective as of September 5, 2017, and provided timely notice of such amendment to the Authorized Participants. Except for the foregoing amendments, the Authorized Participant Agreements remain in full force and effect on their existing terms. Results from Operations The Trust is a trust formed on May 6, 2014 under New York law pursuant to the Trust Agreement. After consideration of Financial Accounting Standards Topic 946, however, the Sponsor has concluded that for financial statement reporting purposes the Trust meets the fundamental characteristics of an investment company. In addition, while the Trust does not currently possess all of the typical characteristics of an investment company, the Sponsor believes the Trust’s activities are consistent with those of an investment company and will therefore apply the guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Topic 946, including disclosure of the financial support contractually required to be provided by an investment company to any of its investees. The Sponsor is responsible for, among other things, overseeing the performance of the Trustee and the Trust’s principal service providers, including the preparation of financial statements. The Trustee is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Trust. The Three Months Ended October 31, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended October 31, 2023 The Trust’s NAV increased from $1,018,106,177 at July 31, 2024 to $1,241,717,488 at October 31, 2024, a 21.96% increase, compared to a 0.05% increase from $742,241,503 at July 31, 2023 to $742,611,876 at October 31, 2023. The increase in the Trust’s NAV in the quarter ended October 31, 2024 resulted from an increase in the value of investments in gold bullion as compared to the prior period. The number of outstanding Shares increased from 43,037,292 Shares at July 31, 2024 to 46,838,224 Shares at October 31, 2024 due to the creation of Shares by Authorized Participants and the creation of 27,459 Shares in the quarter for Sponsor’s fees, as compared to 24,258 Shares for such purpose in the quarter ended October 31, 2023. The number of outstanding Shares on October 31, 2023 was 38,662,778. The Sponsor’s fees are payable at an annualized rate of 0.25% of the Trust’s NAV, accrued on a daily basis computed on the prior Business Day’s NAV and paid monthly in arrears. Due to the daily accrual but monthly payment, the number of Sponsor’s fee Shares issued can vary and possibly decrease, even as the number of Shares outstanding increases slightly. The Trust’s NAV per Share increased 12.05% during the quarter ended October 31, 2024, starting at $23.66 per Share and ending at $26.51 per Share, compared to an increase of 0.68%, from $19.08 to $19.21 during the quarter ended October 31, 2023. The Trust’s NAV per share increased slightly less than the price per ounce of gold on a percentage basis due to the Sponsor’s fees, which were 27,459 Shares in total for the quarter ended October 31, 2024, compared with 24,258 Shares paid as Sponsor’s fees in the quarter ended October 31, 2023. The NAV per share of $26.90 on October 30, 2024 was the highest during the quarter, compared with a low of $23.04 on August 7, 2024. 15 The change in net assets from operations for the quarter ended October 31, 2024 was $127,858,849, resulting from the Sponsor’s fees of $(695,993), a net realized gain from gold bullion distributed for redemptions of $216,650 and a net change in unrealized appreciation on investment in gold bullion of $128,338,192. In comparison, the change in net assets from operations for the quarter ended October 31, 2023 was $4,388,052, resulting from the Sponsor’s fees of $(451,271), a net realized gain from gold bullion distributed for redemptions of $935,883, and a net change in unrealized appreciation on investment in gold bullion of $3,903,440. Other than the Sponsor’s fee, the Trust had no expenses during the quarter ended October 31, 2024 or the quarter ended October 31, 2023. The Nine Months Ended October 31, 2024 Compared to the Nine Months Ended October 31, 2023 The Trust’s NAV increased from $780,184,347 at January 31, 2024 to $1,241,717,488 at October 31, 2024, a 59.16% increase, compared to a 13.1% increase from $656,592,798 at January 31, 2023 to $742,611,876 at October 31, 2023. The increase in the Trust’s NAV in the nine months ended October 31, 2024 resulted from an increase in the value of investments in gold bullion as compared to the prior period. The number of outstanding Shares increased from 39,626,030 Shares at January 31, 2024 to 46,838,224 Shares at October 31, 2024 due to the creation of Shares by Authorized Participants, and the creation of 78,363 Shares for Sponsor’s fees, as compared to 70,474 Shares for such purpose in the nine months ended October 31, 2023. The number of outstanding Shares at October 31, 2023 was 38,662,778. The Sponsor’s fees are payable at an annualized rate of 0.25% of the Trust’s NAV, accrued on a daily basis computed on the prior Business Day’s NAV and paid monthly in arrears. Due to the daily accrual but monthly payment, the number of Sponsor’s fee Shares issued can vary and possibly decrease, even as the number of Shares outstanding increases slightly. The Trust’s NAV per Share increased 34.64% during the nine months ended October 31, 2024, starting at $19.69 per Share and ending at $26.51 per Share, compared to an increase of 3%, from $18.65 to $19.21 during the nine months ended October 31, 2023. The Trust’s NAV per share increased slightly less than the price per ounce of gold on a percentage basis due to the Sponsor’s fees, which were 78,363 Shares in total for the nine months ended October 31, 2024, compared with 70,474 Shares paid as Sponsor’s fees in the nine months ended October 31, 2023. The NAV per share of $26.90 on October 30, 2024 was the highest during the nine months ended October 31, 2024, compared with a low of $19.25 on February 14, 2024. The change in net assets from operations for the nine months ended October 31, 2024 was $289,097,254, resulting from the Sponsor’s fees of $(1,818,395), a net realized gain from gold bullion distributed for redemptions of $412,766 and a net change in unrealized appreciation on investment in gold bullion of $290,502,883. In comparison, the change in net assets from operations for the nine months ended October 31, 2023 was $19,501,674, resulting from the Sponsor’s fees of $(1,319,825), a net realized gain from gold bullion distributed for redemptions of $1,545,325 and a net change in unrealized appreciation on investment in gold bullion of $19,276,174. Other than the Sponsor’s fee, the Trust had no expenses during the nine months ended October 31, 2024 or the nine months ended October 31, 2023. For the calendar quarter ended October 31, 2024, the Marketing Agent earned a fee of $168,877.98 which was paid by the Sponsor on November 8, 2024; since the initiation of the Marketing Agent’s efforts on behalf of the Trust on October 22, 2015, a total of $1,438,482.38 in Fees has been paid, representing 1.4% of the maximum fee potentially payable to the Marketing Agent pursuant to the Marketing Agent Agreement. Effective July 24, 2020, the Sponsor and the Marketing Agent amended the fee structure under the Marketing Agent Agreement, however the financial obligations created thereunder remain the obligations of the Sponsor of the Trust, any fees payable thereunder remain payable from the Sponsor’s fee and the cap on the fees payable to the Marketing Agent remains unchanged. 16 Liquidity and Capital Resources The Trust is not aware of any trends, demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in material changes to its liquidity needs. In exchange for the Sponsor’s fee, the Sponsor has agreed to assume most of the expenses incurred by the Trust. As a result, the only ordinary expense of the Trust during the period covered by this report was the Sponsor’s fee. The Trustee will, at the direction of the Sponsor or in its own discretion, sell the Trust’s gold as necessary to pay the Trust’s expenses not otherwise assumed by the Sponsor. The Trustee will not sell gold to pay the Sponsor’s fee but will pay the Sponsor’s fee in Shares in lieu of cash. At October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Trust did not have any cash balances. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements The Trust has no off-balance sheet arrangements. Critical Accounting Policies The unaudited financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these unaudited financial statements relies on estimates and assumptions that impact the Trust’s financial position and results of operations. These estimates and assumptions affect the Trust’s application of accounting policies. In addition, please refer to Note 2 to the unaudited financial statements for further discussion of accounting policies. Effective May 6, 2014, the Trust has adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Topic 946, Investment Companies, and follows specialized accounting. Investment by Certain Retirement Plans Section 408(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”), provides that the purchase of a “collectible” as an investment for an individual retirement account (an “IRA”), or for a participant-directed account maintained under any plan that is tax-qualified under Code section 401(a) (“Tax-Qualified Account”), is treated as a taxable distribution from the account to the owner of the IRA, or to the participant for whom the Tax-Qualified Account is maintained, of an amount equal to the cost to the account of acquiring the collectible. The Trust, through the Sponsor, has received a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service that provides that (1) the acquisition of Shares by an IRA or a Tax-Qualified Account will not constitute the acquisition of a collectible and (2) an IRA or such an account’s owning Shares will not be treated as having made a distribution to the IRA owner or plan participant under Code section 408(m) solely by virtue of owning those Shares. If a redemption of Shares results in the delivery of gold to an IRA or Tax-Qualified Account, however, that exchange would constitute the acquisition of a collectible to the extent provided under that section. See also “ERISA and Related Considerations.” Investors who are considering exchanging their Shares for gold coins or gold bullion should consult with their tax advisors regarding the tax implications thereof before doing so. 17 ERISA and Related Considerations The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and section 4975 of the Code impose certain requirements on employee benefit plans and certain other plans and arrangements, including IRAs and individual retirement annuities, Keogh plans and certain collective investment funds or insurance company general or separate accounts in which such plans, accounts, annuities or arrangements are invested, that are subject to ERISA or the Code, respectively (collectively, “Plans”), and on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to the investment of assets treated as “plan assets” of a Plan. Investments by Plans are subject to the fiduciary requirements and the applicability of prohibited transaction restrictions under ERISA. Government plans and some church plans are not subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or the provisions of Code section 4975 but may be subject to substantially similar rules under state or other federal law. Fiduciaries of any such plans are advised to consult with their counsel prior to an investment in Shares. In contemplating an investment of a portion of Plan assets in Shares, the Plan fiduciary responsible for making such investment should carefully consider, taking into account the facts and circumstances of the Plan, the “Risk Factors” discussed below and whether such investment is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities, including (1) whether the fiduciary has the authority to make the investment under the appropriate governing Plan instrument, (2) whether the investment would constitute a direct or indirect non-exempt prohibited transaction with a “party in interest” or “disqualified person,” (3) the Plan’s funding objectives, and (4) whether under the general fiduciary standards of investment prudence and diversification such investment is appropriate for the Plan, taking into account the Plan’s overall investment policy, the composition of its investment portfolio and its need for sufficient liquidity to pay benefits when due.