NBT BANCORP INC 10-K

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out by the Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. No changes were made to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The management of NBT Bancorp Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. As of December 31, 2023, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013),” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (“COSO”) of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment, management determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 was effective at the reasonable assurance level based on those criteria. KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued a report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. The report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, is included in this Item under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” on the following page. 101 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and Board of Directors NBT Bancorp Inc.: Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited NBT Bancorp Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ KPMG LLP Albany, New York February 29, 2024 102 Table of Contents ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION During the three months ended December 31, 2023, none of NBT’s directors or executive officers adopted , modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of NBT securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement. ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS None. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of stockholders to be held on May 21, 2024 (the “Proxy Statement”), which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The following table provides information with respect to shares of common stock that may be issued under the Company’s existing equity compensation plans: Plan Category A. Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights B. Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column A) Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders 5,350 $ 33.24 182,418 Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders None None None The other information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG, LLP, Albany, NY, Auditor Firm ID: 185 . The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Company’s 2023 fiscal year end. 103 Table of Contents PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a)(1) The following Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Part II, Item 8 hereof: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. (a)(2) There are no financial statement schedules that are required to be filed as part of this form since they are not applicable or the information is included in the consolidated financial statements. (a)(3) See below for all exhibits filed herewith and the Exhibit Index. 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 5, 2022, by and among NBT Bancorp Inc., NBT Bank, N.A., Salisbury Bancorp, Inc. and Salisbury Bank and Trust Company (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on December 5, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference). 2.2 First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 9, 2023, by and among NBT Bancorp Inc., NBT Bank, National Association, Salisbury Bancorp, Inc. and Salisbury Bank and Trust Company (filed as Exhibit 2.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on August 14, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference). 3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NBT Bancorp Inc. as amended through July 1, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q, filed on August 10, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of NBT Bancorp Inc. effective May 22, 2018 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on May 23, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference). 3.3 Certificate of Designation of the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on November 18, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference). 4.1 Specimen common stock certificate for NBT’s Bancorp Inc. common stock (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed on December 27, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference). 4.2 Description of Registrant’s Securities (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 2, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference). 4.3 Subordinated Indenture , dated as of June 23, 2020, between NBT Bancorp Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on June 23, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference). 4.4 First Supplemental Indenture , dated as of June 23, 2020, between NBT Bancorp Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on June 23, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference). 4.5 Form of 5.000% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (included in Exhibit 4.4). 10.1 NBT Bancorp Inc. Non-employee Directors Restricted and Deferred Stock Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed on March 2, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.2 Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement between NBT Bancorp Inc. and Martin A. Dietrich as amended and restated January 20, 2010 (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, filed on March 1, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.3 Split-Dollar Agreement between NBT Bancorp Inc., NBT Bank, National Association and Martin A. Dietrich made November 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008, filed on November 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.4 First Amendment dated November 5, 2009 to Split-Dollar Agreement between NBT Bancorp Inc., NBT Bank, National Association and Martin A. Dietrich made November 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009, filed on November 9, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.5 Second Amendment dated July 28, 2014 to Split-Dollar Agreement between NBT Bancorp Inc., NBT Bank, National Association, and Martin A. Dietrich made November 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on August 1, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).* 104 Table of Contents 10.6 NBT Bancorp Inc. 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A of Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A, filed on March 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.7 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan for Named Executive Officers (filed as Exhibit 10.24 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed on February 29, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.8 Amended and Restated Supplemental Retirement Agreement and First Amendment to the Supplemental Retirement Agreement between Alliance Financial Corporation, Alliance Bank, N.A. and Jack H. Webb (filed as Exhibit 10.29 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on March 3, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.9 Employment Agreement, dated December 19, 2016, by and between NBT Bancorp Inc. and John H. Watt, Jr. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on December 20, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.10 Split-Dollar Agreement between NBT Bancorp Inc., NBT Bank, National Association and John H. Watt, Jr. dated May 9, 2017 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q, filed on May 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.11 Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement, dated December 19, 2016 by and between NBT Bancorp Inc. and John H. Watt, Jr. (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on December 20, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.12 Employment Agreement, dated December 19, 2016, by and between NBT Bancorp Inc. and Joseph R. Stagliano (Filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Registrant’s Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.13 Employment Agreement, dated August 5, 2021 by and between NBT Bancorp Inc. and Scott A. Kingsley (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-Q, filed on August 6, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.14 Form of Amendment to Employment Agreements, dated September 27, 2017, by and between NBT Bancorp Inc. and John H. Watt, Jr. and Joseph R. Stagliano, respectively (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on September 29, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.15 NBT Bancorp Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A of Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A, filed on April 6, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.16 Employment Agreement, dated November 1, 2021, by and between NBT Bancorp Inc. and Ruth H. Mahoney (Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Registrant’s Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.17 Employment Agreement, dated May 23, 2022, by and between NBT Bancorp Inc. and M. Randolph Sparks (Filed as Exhibit 10.17 to Registrant’s Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference).* 10.18 Employment Agreement, dated August 11, 2023 by and between NBT Bank, National Association and Richard J. Cantele, Jr.* 21 A list of the subsidiaries of the Registrant. 23 Consent of KPMG LLP. 97 Incentive Compensation Recovery Policy. 31.1 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. 31.2 Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. 32.1 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document). 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). * Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. (b) Exhibits to this Form 10-K are attached or incorporated herein by reference as noted above. (c) Not applicable. 105 Table of Contents ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 106 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, NBT Bancorp Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. /s/ John H. Watt, Jr. John H. Watt, Jr. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. /s/ Martin A. Dietrich /s/ James H. Douglas Martin A. Dietrich James H. Douglas, Director Chairman and Director Date: February 29, 2024 Date: February 29, 2024 /s/ John H. Watt, Jr. /s/ Heidi M. Hoeller John H. Watt, Jr. Heidi M. Hoeller, Director President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Date: February 29, 2024 Date: February 29, 2024 /s/ Scott A. Kingsley /s/ Andrew S. Kowalczyk III Scott A. Kingsley Andrew S. Kowalczyk III, Director Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Date: February 29, 2024 Date: February 29, 2024 /s/ Annette L. Burns /s/ V. Daniel Robinson II Annette L. Burns V. Daniel Robinson II, Director Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) Date: February 29, 2024 Date: February 29, 2024 /s/ Johanna R. Ames /s/ Matthew J. Salanger Johanna R. Ames, Director Matthew J. Salanger, Director Date: February 29, 2024 Date: February 29, 2024 /s/ J. David Brown /s/ Lowell A. Seifter J. David Brown, Director Lowell A. Seifter, Director Date: February 29, 2024 Date: February 29, 2024 /s/ Richard J. Cantele, Jr. /s/ Jack H. Webb Richard J. Cantele, Jr., Director Jack H. Webb, Director Date: February 29, 2024 Date: February 29, 2024 /s/ Timothy E. Delaney Timothy E. Delaney, Director Date: February 29, 2024 107