PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. 10-K

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 34 ) 71 Consolidated Balance Sheets 72 Consolidated Statements of Operations 73 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 74 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity 75 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 76 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 78 70 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc.: Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Las Vegas, Nevada March 14, 2025 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018. 71 PLAYSTUDIOS, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except par value amounts) December 31, 2024 2023 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 109,179 $ 132,889 Receivables, net 30,767 30,465 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 7,156 11,529 Total current assets 147,102 174,883 Property and equipment, net 16,118 17,549 Operating lease right-of-use assets 9,703 9,369 Intangibles assets and internal-use software, net 90,996 110,933 Goodwill 52,222 47,133 Deferred income taxes 3,399 2,764 Other long-term assets 3,415 3,690 Total non-current assets 175,853 191,438 Total assets $ 322,955 $ 366,321 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable 1,518 1,907 Operating lease liabilities, current 3,405 4,236 Accrued and other current liabilities 44,495 39,882 Total current liabilities 49,418 46,025 Minimum guarantee liability 18,000 24,000 Contingent consideration 3,340 — Deferred income taxes 381 1,198 Operating lease liabilities, non-current 6,659 5,699 Other long-term liabilities 442 1,048 Total non-current liabilities 28,822 31,945 Total liabilities $ 78,240 $ 77,970 Commitments and contingencies (Note 17) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value ( 100,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023) — — Class A common stock, $ 0.0001 par value ( 2,000,000 shares authorized, 127,734 and 122,923 shares issued, and 108,287 and 118,200 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively) 11 12 Class B common stock, $ 0.0001 par value ( 25,000 shares authorized, 16,457 and 16,457 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively). 2 2 Additional paid-in capital 327,951 310,944 Accumulated deficit ( 31,324 ) ( 2,637 ) Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income ( 632 ) 124 Treasury stock, at cost, 19,450 and 4,723 shares at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively ( 51,293 ) ( 20,094 ) Total stockholders’ equity 244,715 288,351 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 322,955 $ 366,321 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 72 PLAYSTUDIOS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share data) Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net revenue $ 289,429 $ 310,886 Operating expenses: Cost of revenue (1) 72,716 77,800 Selling and marketing 64,623 74,360 Research and development 67,683 70,298 General and administrative 46,121 45,072 Depreciation and amortization 45,440 45,259 Restructuring and related 25,710 8,584 Total operating costs and expenses 322,293 321,373 Loss from operations ( 32,864 ) ( 10,487 ) Other income (expense), net: Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 856 2,596 Interest income, net 4,902 4,858 Other (expense) income, net ( 182 ) 513 Total other income, net 5,576 7,967 Loss before income taxes ( 27,288 ) ( 2,520 ) Income tax expense ( 1,399 ) ( 16,873 ) Net loss $ ( 28,687 ) $ ( 19,393 ) Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share: Basic $ ( 0.22 ) $ ( 0.15 ) Diluted $ ( 0.22 ) $ ( 0.15 ) Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: Basic 129,438 132,978 Diluted 129,438 132,978 (1) Amounts exclude depreciation and amortization. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 73 PLAYSTUDIOS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (in thousands) Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net loss $ ( 28,687 ) $ ( 19,393 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income: Change in foreign currency translation adjustment (1) ( 432 ) ( 11 ) Unrealized (loss) gain from derivative financial instruments (1) ( 760 ) 757 Reclassification of loss (gain) from settlement of derivative financial instruments included in net loss (1) 436 ( 471 ) Total other comprehensive (loss) income ( 756 ) 275 Comprehensive loss $ ( 29,443 ) $ ( 19,118 ) (1) These amounts are presented gross of the effect of income taxes. The total change and the corresponding effect of income taxes are immaterial. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 74 PLAYSTUDIOS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in thousands) Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance as of December 31, 2022 115,635 $ 11 16,457 $ 2 $ 290,337 $ ( 151 ) $ 16,756 $ ( 4,642 ) 302,313 Net loss — — — — — — ( 19,393 ) — ( 19,393 ) Exercise of stock options 3,672 1 — — 3,125 — — — 3,126 Restricted stock vesting, net of shares withheld 2,450 — — — ( 3,040 ) — — — ( 3,040 ) Stock-based compensation — — — — 20,522 — — — 20,522 Repurchase of common stock ( 3,557 ) — — — — — — ( 15,452 ) ( 15,452 ) Other comprehensive income — — — — — 275 — — 275 Balance as of December 31, 2023 118,200 $ 12 16,457 $ 2 $ 310,944 $ 124 $ ( 2,637 ) $ ( 20,094 ) $ 288,351 Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Total Stockholders' Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance as of December 31, 2023 118,200 $ 12 16,457 $ 2 $ 310,944 $ 124 $ ( 2,637 ) ( 20,094 ) 288,351 Net loss — — — — — ( 28,687 ) — ( 28,687 ) Exercise of stock options 287 — — — 287 — — — 287 Restricted stock vesting, net of shares withheld 4,527 — — — ( 2,701 ) — — — ( 2,701 ) Stock-based compensation — — — — 19,421 — — — 19,421 Repurchase of common stock ( 14,727 ) ( 1 ) — — — — — ( 31,199 ) ( 31,200 ) Other comprehensive loss — — — — — ( 756 ) — — ( 756 ) Balance as of December 31, 2024 108,287 $ 11 16,457 $ 2 $ 327,951 $ ( 632 ) $ ( 31,324 ) $ ( 51,293 ) $ 244,715 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 75 PLAYSTUDIOS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ ( 28,687 ) $ ( 19,393 ) Adjustments: Depreciation and amortization 45,440 45,259 Amortization of loan costs 164 151 Stock-based compensation expense 18,113 18,722 Change in fair value of warrant liabilities ( 856 ) ( 2,596 ) Change in fair value of contingent consideration 85 ( 950 ) Asset impairments and write-downs 9,228 2,219 Deferred income tax expense (benefit) ( 1,593 ) 12,217 Other 980 570 Changes in operating assets and liabilities Receivables, net 3,687 ( 4,930 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,269 ( 1,461 ) Income tax receivable 1,283 ( 744 ) Accounts payable & accrued liabilities 651 1,427 Other ( 4,024 ) 1,233 Net cash provided by operating activities 45,740 51,724 Cash flows from investing activities: Payment for business combination ( 3,400 ) — Purchase of property and equipment ( 3,980 ) ( 6,335 ) Additions to internal-use software ( 18,624 ) ( 21,742 ) Purchase of intangible assets — ( 4,393 ) Other ( 290 ) 164 Net cash used in investing activities ( 26,294 ) ( 32,306 ) Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from stock option exercises 287 3,125 Repurchases of treasury stock ( 31,200 ) ( 15,452 ) Payments for minimum guarantee obligations ( 8,295 ) ( 4,817 ) Payments for tax withholding of stock-based compensation ( 2,705 ) ( 3,040 ) Net cash used in financing activities ( 41,913 ) ( 20,184 ) Foreign currency translation ( 638 ) ( 345 ) Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash ( 23,105 ) ( 1,111 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 132,889 134,000 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period $ 109,784 $ 132,889 Supplemental cash flow disclosures: Interest paid $ 165 $ 189 Income taxes paid, net of (refunds) $ 1,638 $ 6,111 76 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Non-cash investing and financing activities: Capitalization of stock-based compensation $ 1,308 $ 1,800 Additions to intangible assets related to licensing agreements 7,943 46,579 Lease modifications 2,769 1,643 Right-of-use assets acquired under operating leases 1,007 — Contingent and deferred consideration related to business combination 3,355 — The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 77 PLAYSTUDIOS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (in thousands, unless otherwise noted) NOTE 1—BACKGROUND AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Organization and Description of Business PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. (the "Company" or "PLAYSTUDIOS") is a Delaware corporation that was initially incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company and subsequently domesticated into a Delaware corporation. The Company develops and operates online and mobile social gaming applications (“games” or “game”), many of which incorporate a unique loyalty program offering “real world” rewards provided by a collection of rewards partners. The Company’s games are free-to-play and available via the Apple App Store, Google Play Store, Amazon Appstore, and Facebook (collectively, “platforms” or “platform operators”). The Company creates games based on its own original content as well as third-party licensed brands. The Company generates revenue through the in-game sale of virtual currency and through advertising. We have two reportable segments as discussed in Note 3— Segment Reporting . Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references herein to “PLAYSTUDIOS,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are used to refer collectively to PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been recorded within the accompanying financial statements, and all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain reclassifications in these consolidated financial statements have been made to comply with U.S. GAAP applicable to public companies and SEC Regulation S-X. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include the estimated consumption rate of virtual currency that is used in the determination of revenue recognition, useful lives of property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, the expensing and capitalization of research and development costs for internal-use software, assumptions used in accounting for income taxes, stock-based compensation, the valuation of contingent consideration, and the evaluation of goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment. The Company believes the accounting estimates are appropriate and reasonably determined. Due to the inherent uncertainties in making these estimates, actual amounts could differ materially. Emerging Growth Company At December 31, 2024, the Company qualified as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and the Company has taken and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has opted to take advantage of such extended transition period available to emerging growth companies which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. As a result of the 78 Company's qualification as an emerging growth company, the Company does not expect to adopt any accounting pronouncements currently deferred based on private company standards. The Company expects to no longer qualify as an emerging growth company on December 31, 2024, the end of the fiscal year following the fifth year of the Company's initial public offering. Smaller Reporting Company As of December 31, 2024, the Company qualified as a Smaller Reporting Company ("SRC") as defined under Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As an SRC, we are eligible for and have elected to provide scaled disclosure accommodations in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These accommodations allow us to provide reduced executive compensation disclosures, fewer years of audited financial statements, and less extensive narrative disclosures compared to larger reporting companies. The Company will reevaluate its eligibility to qualify as an SRC at the end of its second quarter of 2025, and otherwise as required. NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase and are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and receivables, net. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances at several banks. Cash accounts located in the U.S. are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Although balances may exceed amounts insured by the FDIC, the Company believes that it is not exposed to any significant credit risk related to its cash or cash equivalents and has not experienced any losses in such accounts. Restricted Cash The Company has restricted cash of $ 1.2 million and zero as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The cash is classified within “Other long-term assets.” Such amounts plus “Cash and cash equivalents” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets equal “Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash” on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Receivables and Allowance for Uncollectible Amounts The Company’s receivables consist primarily of amounts due from social and mobile game platform operators, including Apple, Google, Facebook, and Amazon, and direct-to-consumer payment processors, including Xsolla. Accounts receivable are typically non-interest bearing and are initially recorded at cost. The Company regularly reviews accounts receivable, considers current economic conditions and the financial positions of the Company’s platform operators. Accounts are written off when the Company deems the account to be uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts previously written off are recorded when received. The Company reserves an estimated amount for receivables that may not be collected to reduce receivables to their net carrying amount, which approximates fair value. Methodologies for estimating the allowance for uncollectible amounts range from specific reserves to various percentages applied to aged receivables. Historical collection rates are considered in determining reserves. The following table summarizes the major receivables of the Company as a percentage of the total receivables, net as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Apple, Inc. 46.6 % 45.6 % Google, LLC 19.1 % 20.8 % As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any additional counterparties that exceeded 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable. 79 Property and Equipment, net The Company states property and equipment at cost net of accumulated depreciation. The Company capitalizes the costs of improvements that extend the life of the asset, while costs of repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Gains or losses on the disposition of property and equipment are included in the determination of income. Computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the related lease term. Estimated Useful Life Land improvements 5 years Building 39 years Building improvements 15 years Computer equipment 3 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of 10 years or remaining lease term Purchased software 3 years Furniture and fixtures 3 - 7 years Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. If the Company reduces the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance would be amortized or depreciated over the revised estimated useful life. Business Combinations The Company applies the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combination and allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from customer relationships, acquired technology and acquired trademarks from a market participant perspective, useful lives and discount rates. Management's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Goodwill In accordance with ASC 350 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other , goodwill is recorded as the excess of the purchase price over acquisition-date fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of October 1st of each year, or when a triggering event occurs. If a triggering event occurs, qualitative factors are first assessed to determine whether a quantitative impairment test is required. If a quantitative test is required, the fair value of the asset is compared to the asset's carrying amount. Any impairment would be recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount limited to the carrying amount of goodwill. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at the reporting unit level. Intangible Assets Intangible assets are classified into one of the two categories: (1) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization and (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization. For definite-lived intangible assets, amortization is recorded using the straight-line method, which materially approximates the pattern of the assets’ use. The Company continually evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful life of intangible assets may warrant revision or that the remaining balance may not be recoverable. These factors may include a significant deterioration of operating results, changes in business plans, or changes in anticipated cash flows. 80 The estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows: Estimated Useful Life Licenses 2 - 6 years Trade names 5 - 10 years Acquired technology 5 years Customer relationships 5 years Patents and trademarks 10 - 20 years When factors indicate that a definite-lived intangible asset should be evaluated for possible impairment, the Company reviews intangible assets to assess recoverability from future operations using undiscounted cash flows. If future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value, an impairment is recognized in earnings to the extent that the carrying value exceeds fair value. For indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company conducts impairment tests annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived asset is less than its carrying value, or when circumstances no longer continue to support an indefinite useful life. If a triggering event occurs, qualitative factors are first assessed to determine whether a quantitative impairment test is required. If a quantitative test is required, the fair value of the intangible is compared to the asset’s carrying amount. Any impairment would be recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount. The Company performs its annual impairment testing as of October 1 of each year. Internal-Use Software The Company recognizes internal-use software development costs in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software . Capitalized costs include consulting fees, payroll and payroll-related costs, and stock-based compensation for employees who devote time to the Company’s internal-use software projects. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and the Company commits resources to the software project and continues during the application development stage. Capitalization ceases when the software has been tested and is ready for its intended use. Qualified costs incurred during the post-implementation/post-operation stage of the Company’s software applications relating to upgrades and enhancements are capitalized to the extent it is probable that they will result in added functionality. Costs that cannot be separated between maintenance of, and minor upgrades and enhancements to, internal-use software are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a three-year estimated useful life. The Company believes that a straight-line basis for amortization best represents the pattern through which the Company derives value from internal-use software. The Company evaluates the useful lives of these assets and test for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. License Agreements & Minimum Guarantees The Company enters into long-term license agreements with third parties in which it is obligated to pay a minimum guaranteed amount of royalties, typically annually over the life of the contract. The Company accounts for the minimum guaranteed obligations within “Accrued liabilities” and “Minimum guarantee liability” at the onset of the license arrangement and records a corresponding licensed asset within “Intangibles, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The licensed intangible assets related to the minimum guaranteed obligations are amortized over the term of the license agreement with the amortization expense recorded in “Depreciation and amortization” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company classifies minimum royalty payment obligations as current liabilities to the extent they are contractually due within the next 12 months. The long-term portion of the liability related to the minimum guaranteed obligations is reduced as royalty payments are made as required under the license agreement. The Company assesses the recoverability of license agreements whenever events arise or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value of the licensed asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the licensed asset and the amount of impairment, if any, are determined using the Company’s policy for intangible assets with finite useful lives. Warrant Liabilities The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, including issued warrants, to determine if such instruments are liability classified, pursuant to ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity or derivatives or contain features that 81 qualify as embedded derivatives pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging . The classification of instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. Fair Value Measurements The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value because of their short-term maturities. According to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy establishes three tiers, which prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1 —Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 —Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 —Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. Entities are permitted to choose to measure certain financial instruments and other items at fair value. The Company has not elected the fair value measurement option for any of the Company’s assets or liabilities that meet the criteria for this election. Contingent Consideration In circumstances where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement that meets the definition of a liability under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity , the Company recognizes a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments the Company expects to make as of the acquisition date. The Company remeasures this liability each reporting period and records changes in the fair value through the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leases The Company is the lessee primarily under non-cancelable office real estate and data center leases. The Company accounts for its leases under ASC 842, Leases ). Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date and initially measured based on the present value of lease payments and lease incentives received over the defined lease term. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. The Company assesses these options using a threshold of whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option to extend or terminate the lease. For leases the Company is reasonably certain to renew, those option periods are included within the lease term and, therefore, the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s real estate lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants. The Company’s lease agreements with lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the incremental borrowing rate is estimated based upon the capital structure of the Company and upon the other information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The implicit rate will be used when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU assets also include any prepaid lease payments made and are net of lease incentives. The Company does not record an asset or liability for operating leases with a term of 12 months or less. Revenue Recognition The Company determines revenue recognition in accordance with ASC 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers , by: • identifying the contract, or contracts, with a customer; • identifying the performance obligations in each contract; • determining the transaction price; • allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in each contract; and 82 • recognizing revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services. Virtual Currency The Company develops and operates free-to-play games which are downloaded and played on social and mobile platforms. Players may collect virtual currency free of charge through the passage of time or through targeted marketing promotions. Additionally, players can send free “gifts” of virtual currency to their friends through interactions with certain social platforms. Players may also purchase additional virtual currency through accepted payment methods offered by the respective platform. Once a purchase is completed, the virtual currency is deposited into the player’s account and are not separately identifiable from previously purchased virtual currency or virtual currency obtained by the player for free. Once obtained, virtual currency (either free or purchased) cannot be redeemed for cash nor exchanged for anything other than gameplay. When virtual currency is consumed in our games, the player could “win” and would be awarded additional virtual currency or could “lose” and lose the future use of that virtual currency. As the player does not receive any additional benefit from our games, nor is the player entitled to any additional rights once the player’s virtual currency is substantially consumed, the Company has concluded that the virtual currency represents consumable goods. Players can earn loyalty points through a variety of activities, including but not limited to playing the Company’s games, engaging with in-game advertising, engaging with marketing emails, and logging into the game. The loyalty points can be redeemed for rewards offered by the Company’s rewards partners. There is no obligation for the Company to pay or otherwise compensate the Company’s rewards partners for any player redemptions under the Company’s rewards partner agreements. In addition, both paying and non-paying players can earn loyalty points. Therefore, the loyalty points earned by players are marketing offers and do not provide players with material rights. Accordingly, the earned loyalty points do not require any allocation to the transaction price of virtual currency. Loyalty points or other virtual currencies may be included in certain bundled purchases through certain platforms. Loyalty points or other virtual currencies are not available to be purchased separately and there is no stand alone selling price. If loyalty points or other forms of virtual currencies are included in bundled purchases, the Company will allocate a portion of the transaction price to each of the virtual currencies using the residual approach. Additionally, certain of the Company’s games participate in an additional program which ranks players into different tiers based on tier points earned during a given time frame. Tier points can be earned through a variety of player engagement activities, including but not limited to logging into our games, achieving multi-day log-in streaks, collecting hourly bonuses, and purchasing virtual currency bundles. Depending on the tier, players are granted access to special benefits at the Company’s discretion. Similar to loyalty points that are redeemable for real-world rewards, the tier points are not awarded as a result of a contract with a customer since both paying and non-paying players can earn these tier points. As a result, the tier points earned by players do not provide players with material rights and do not require any allocation to the transaction price of virtual currency. The Company has the performance obligation to display and provide access to the virtual currency purchased by the Company’s player within the game whenever the player accesses the game until the virtual currency is consumed. Payment is required at the time of purchase and the transaction price is fixed. The transaction price, which is the amount paid for the virtual currency by the player, is allocated entirely to this single performance obligation. As virtual currency represents consumable goods, the Company recognizes revenue as the virtual currency is consumed over the estimated consumption period. Since the Company is unable to distinguish between the consumption of purchased or free virtual currency, the Company must estimate the amount of outstanding purchased virtual currency at each reporting date based on player behavior. The Company has determined through a review of player behavior that players who purchase virtual currency generally are not purchasing additional virtual currency if their existing virtual currency balances have not been substantially consumed. As the Company can track the duration between purchases of virtual currency for individual players, the Company is able to reliably estimate the period over which virtual currency is consumed. Based upon an analysis of players’ historical play behavior, the timing difference between when virtual currency is purchased by a player and when such virtual currency is consumed in gameplay is relatively short, currently one to seven days with an average consumption period of approximately one day. The Company recognizes revenue from in-game purchases of virtual currency over this estimated average period between when the virtual currency is purchased and consumed. If applicable, the Company records the unconsumed virtual currency in “Deferred revenue” and records the prepaid payment processing fees associated with this deferred revenue in “Prepaid expenses”. The Company continues to gather detailed player behavior and assess this data in relation to its revenue recognition policy. To the extent the player behavior changes, the Company reassesses its estimates and assumptions used for revenue 83 recognition prospectively on the basis that such changes are caused by new factors indicating a change in player behavior patterns. Advertising Revenue The Company has contractual relationships with various advertising service providers for advertisements within the Company’s games. Advertisements can be in the form of an impression, click-throughs, banner ads, or offers. Offers are advertisements where the players are rewarded with virtual currency for watching a short video. The Company has determined the advertising service provider to be its customer and displaying the advertisements within its games is identified as the single performance obligation. Revenue from advertisements and offers are recognized at a point in time when the advertisements are displayed, or when the player has completed the offer as the advertising service provider simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided from these services. The price can be determined by the applicable evidence of the arrangement, which may include a master contract or a third-party statement of activity. The transaction price is generally the product of the advertising units delivered (e.g. impressions, videos viewed) and the contractually agreed upon price per advertising unit. Further, the price per advertising unit can also be based on revenue share percentages stated in the contract. The number of advertising units delivered is determined at the end of each month so there is no uncertainty about the transaction price. Payment terms are stipulated as a specific number of days subsequent to end of the month, ranging from 45 to 60 days. Principal Agent Considerations The Company’s games are played on various social and mobile third-party platforms for which such third parties collect monies from players and remit net proceeds after deducting payment processing fees. The Company is primarily responsible for providing access to the virtual currency, has control over the content and functionality of games before they are accessed by players, and has the discretion to establish the pricing for the virtual currency. Therefore, the Company concluded that it is the principal and as a result, revenues are reported gross of payment processing fees. Payment processing fees are recorded as a component of “Cost of revenue” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company reports its advertising revenue net of amounts retained by advertising service providers. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue relates to direct expenses incurred to generate revenue from online and mobile games and are recorded as incurred. The Company’s cost of revenue consists primarily of payment processing fees, hosting and data center costs related to operating its games, and royalties for licensed games. Payment processing fees consist of fees paid to third-party social and mobile platform operators. If applicable, other than the deferral of payment processing fees associated with deferred revenues, payment processing fees are expensed as incurred. Research and Development The Company incurs various direct costs in relation to the development of future social and mobile games along with costs to improve current social and mobile games. Research and development costs consist primarily of payroll and related personnel costs, stock-based compensation, and third party development fees. The Company evaluates research and development costs incurred to determine whether the costs relate to the development of software and are, therefore, qualified to be capitalized under ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software . All other research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising Advertising expenses for our games was $ 47.0 million and $ 60.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Advertising expenses are included in “Selling and marketing” expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures compensation expense for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense over the service period on a straight-line basis for awards expected to vest. Restricted stock units (RSUs) are typically granted using a three or four year vesting schedule, either vesting pro rata annually or a cliff vest over the requisite service period, subject to continued employment. Except as provided in an award or severance agreement between the Company and the employee, if an employee is terminated (voluntarily or involuntarily), 84 any unvested awards as of the date of termination will be forfeited. In addition, if there is a change in control and qualifying termination of employment (as described in the Company's Severance and Change in Control Plan), certain awards will automatically vest. RSUs settle for outstanding shares of the Company’s Class A common stock upon vesting, net of shares withheld for taxes. Performance stock units (PSUs) are typically granted using a one year vesting schedule. Vesting of the PSUs are based on the Company’s achievement of certain financial performance targets, and the actual number of shares issuable under such awards upon vesting will range from 0 % to 100 % of the number of PSUs granted, based on the Company’s actual financial performance relative to such targets. Except as provided in an award or severance agreement between the Company and the employee, if an employee is terminated (voluntarily or involuntarily), any unvested awards as of the date of termination will be forfeited. In addition, if there is a change in control and qualifying termination of employment (as described in the Company's Severance and Change in Control Plan), certain awards will automatically vest. PSUs settle for outstanding shares of the Company’s Class A common stock upon vesting, net of shares withheld for taxes. Foreign Currency Derivative Contracts The Company uses foreign currency derivative contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuating exchange rates between the United States dollar (as our functional currency) and certain expense lines denominated in New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”). Our derivative contracts are designated as cash flow hedges under ASC 815. We monitor the effectiveness of our hedges on a quarterly basis, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and expect these hedges to remain highly effective at offsetting fluctuations in exchange rates through their respective maturity dates. See Note 18— Stockholders’ Equity for additional discussion. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is recognized as an asset or liability at each balance sheet date, with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) until the future underlying transactions occur. The fair value approximates the amount we would pay or receive if these contracts were settled at the respective valuation dates. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our foreign currency derivative contracts are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as established by ASC 820. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of these foreign currency derivatives contracts were immaterial. Cash flows from derivatives, which are designated as accounting hedges, are presented consistently with the cash flow classification of the related hedged items. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions The functional currency of each of the Company’s wholly owned foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local currency. The translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars is performed for assets and liabilities using current foreign currency exchange rates in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using average foreign currency exchange rates during the year. Capital accounts are translated at historical foreign currency exchange rates. Translation gains and losses are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Adjustments that arise from foreign currency exchange rate changes on transactions, primarily driven by intercompany transactions, denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in “Other (expense) income, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes , which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in its consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under ASC 740, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the temporary difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which it expects the differences to be recovered or settled. The Company establishes valuation allowances when necessary, based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, which requires companies to adjust their consolidated financial statements to reflect only those tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the issue. ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for the consolidated financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. 85 The Company has elected to account for the impact of the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) inclusion and base erosion anti-avoidance tax (BEAT) based on the period cost method. Net Loss Per Share Net loss per share (“EPS”) is calculated using the two-class method required for participating securities and multiple classes of common stock. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Net loss available to common stockholders represents net loss attributable to common stockholders reduced by the allocation of earnings to participating securities. Diluted loss per share adjusts basic loss per share for the potentially dilutive impact of stock options, warrants, restricted stock units, performance share units, and contingently issuable earnout shares. The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants, restricted stock, and contingently issuable earnout shares is computed using the treasury stock method. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) : Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. Public entities with a single reportable segment are required to apply the disclosure requirements in ASU 2023-07, as well as all existing segment disclosures and reconciliation requirements in ASC 280 on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the new accounting standard for the year ended December 31, 2024. The adoption of this guidance did not have an effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. See Note 3— Segment Reporting for additional disclosures. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) . ASU 2023-09 requires that public business entities expand their annual disclosures related to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid, and provide a disaggregated presentation between domestic and foreign income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense and income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) . Additionally, in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The standard provides guidance to expand disclosures related to the disaggregation of income statement expenses. The standard requires, in the notes to the financial statements, disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses, which includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense caption. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, on a retrospective or prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the guidance, noting the adoption impacts disclosure only. NOTE 3—SEGMENT REPORTING The Company reports operating results based on two reportable segments: playGAMES and playAWARDS. The Company has aggregated certain operating segments into these reportable segments based on similarities in economic characteristics, customer base, service offerings, and regulatory environments. Each of the Company's games are aggregated into the playGAMES reportable segment, while the operations of its loyalty program makes up the playAWARDS reportable segment based on engagement in business activities, availability of discrete financial information, and the review of operating results by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The CODM is the Company's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Management believes that the operating segments within each reportable segment share similar revenue models, operational risks, and long-term profitability trends. The Company's reportable segments are as follows: playGAMES: This segment is a leading developer and publisher of digital games on mobile and web platforms. It operates primarily in the social gaming market, which is characterized by gameplay online or on mobile devices, that is social, competitive, and self-directed in pace and session length. playGAMES also operate in the casual space. playGAMES generates a substantial portion of our revenue from in-app purchases in the form of virtual currencies, which players can use 86 to play social casino games. Players who install our social casino games typically receive free virtual currency upon the initial launch of the game and additional virtual currencies at specific time intervals. Players may exhaust the virtual currencies that they receive for free and may choose to purchase additional virtual currencies in order to extend their time of game play. Once obtained, virtual currencies (either free or purchased) cannot be redeemed for cash nor exchanged for anything other than game play within our games. playGAMES generate additional revenue in the casual space from the receipt of advertising revenue. Players who install our casual games receive free, unlimited gameplay that requires viewing of periodic in-game advertisements. playAWARDS: This segment consists of all of our loyalty program globally in which we are developing an end-to-end loyalty solutions to enrich, motivate and retain customers, including program design, points management and administration, and broad-based fulfillment and redemption across multiple channels. Loyalty points may be included in certain bundled purchases through certain platforms. Loyalty points are not available to be purchased separately and there is no stand alone selling price. If loyalty points are included in bundled purchases, the Company will allocate a portion of the transaction price to loyalty points using the residual approach. The CODM evaluates the performance of each operating segment using revenue and segment Adjusted EBITDA. Expenses include indirect costs that are allocated to operating segments based on a reasonable allocation methodology, which are generally related to sales and marketing activities and general and administrative overhead. Revenue and expenses exclude transactions between the Company's operating segments. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset information. Adjusted EBITDA ("AEBITDA") is the Company’s reportable segment GAAP measure, which management utilizes as the primary profit measure for its reportable segments and underlying operating segments. AEBITDA is a measure defined as net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, restructuring and related costs (consisting primarily of severance and other restructuring related costs), stock-based compensation expense, and other income and expense items (including special infrequent items, foreign currency gains and losses, and other non-cash items). Expenses include indirect costs that are allocated to operating segments based on a reasonable allocation methodology, which are generally related to sales and marketing activities, general and administrative overhead, and costs associated with administering the playAWARDS myVIP program in the playGAMES applications. Revenue excludes transactions between the Company's operating segments. Certain expenses incurred by playAWARDS have been allocated to playGAMES at cost. The following tables present the Company’s segment information: 87 Year Ended December 31, 2024 playGAMES playAWARDS Total Net revenue Virtual currency $ 228,877 $ 54 $ 228,931 Advertising 60,197 — 60,197 Other 293 8 301 289,367 62 289,429 Segment expenses Cost of sales 72,710 6 72,716 Payroll & related 49,994 10,035 60,029 User acquisition 46,969 — 46,969 Other (1) 34,620 3,731 38,351 204,293 13,772 218,065 Reportable segment AEBITDA 85,074 ( 13,710 ) 71,364 Other operating expense Corporate and other 14,815 Restructuring expenses 25,710 Other reconciling items 150 Stock based compensation $ 18,113 Depreciation and amortization 45,440 104,228 Non-operating income (expense) Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 856 Interest income (expense), net 4,902 Other (expense) income, net $ ( 182 ) 5,576 Income (loss) before income taxes ( 27,288 ) Income tax expense $ ( 1,399 ) Net income (loss) $ ( 28,687 ) 88 Year Ended December 31, 2023 playGAMES playAWARDS Total Net revenue Virtual currency $ 247,929 $ — $ 247,929 Advertising 58,236 — 58,236 Other 549 4,172 4,721 306,714 4,172 310,886 Segment expenses Cost of sales 77,800 — 77,800 Payroll & related 47,787 11,133 58,920 User acquisition 60,693 — 60,693 Other (1) 31,758 3,418 35,176 218,038 14,551 232,589 Reportable segment AEBITDA 88,676 ( 10,379 ) 78,297 Other operating expense Corporate and other 16,005 Restructuring expenses 8,584 Other reconciling items 214 Stock based compensation $ 18,722 Depreciation and amortization 45,259 88,784 Non-operating income (expense) Change in fair value of warrant liabilities 2,596 Interest income (expense), net 4,858 Other (expense) income, net $ 513 7,967 Income (loss) before income taxes ( 2,520 ) Income tax expense $ ( 16,873 ) Net income (loss) $ ( 19,393 ) (1) Consists of legal, rent, information technology, outside services, marketing, and other general and administrative expenses. Reorganization On October 29, 2024, the Company initiated an internal reorganization plan (the “2024 Reorganization Plan”) which is intended to enhance efficiency and reduce operating expenses. The 2024 Reorganization Plan included a reduction of the 89 Company’s total global workforce by approximately 30 percent, which was substantially completed by the end of the 2024 fiscal year. The following table presents the c harges for the 2024 Reorganization Plan: Year Ended December 31, 2024 playGAMES playAWARDS Corporate and Other Total Severance and employee-related costs $ 3,956 $ 768 979 $ 5,703 Asset impairments 7,388 1,840 223 9,451 Other 568 39 468 1,075 Total $ 11,912 $ 2,647 $ 1,670 $ 16,229 On February 28, 2023, the Company initiated an internal reorganization plan (the "2023 Reorganization Plan") which is intended to enhance efficiency and reduce operating expenses. The 2023 Reorganization Plan included a reduction of the Company’s total global employee headcount by approximately 14 percent, which was substantially completed by the end of the second quarter of the 2023 fiscal year. Charges for the 2023 Reorganization Plan consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2023 playGAMES playAWARDS Corporate and Other Total Severance and employee-related costs $ 2,823 $ — — $ 2,823 Other — — 247 247 Total $ 2,823 $ — $ 247 $ 3,070 The following table summarizes the activity related to the liabilities associated with the Company's reorganization plans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: playGAMES playAWARDS Corporate and Other Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ — $ — $ — $ — Reorganization charges 2,823 — 247 3,070 Non-cash charges — — ( 223 ) ( 223 ) Payments ( 2,823 ) — ( 24 ) ( 2,847 ) Balance as of December 31, 2023 — — — — Reorganization charges 11,912 2,647 1,670 16,229 Non-cash charges ( 7,388 ) ( 1,840 ) ( 443 ) ( 9,671 ) Payments ( 2,317 ) ( 611 ) ( 862 ) ( 3,790 ) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 2,207 $ 196 $ 365 $ 2,768 NOTE 4—BUSINESS COMBINATIONS Pixode Games Limited ("Pixode Acquisition") On July 1, 2024, PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain tangible and intangible assets and assumed certain liabilities from Pixode Games Limited (“Pixode"), a mobile casual games publisher. The Company expects this acquisition to further diversify revenues into the casual genre, and with a successful relaunch of the product with the Tetris brand, the acquisition will deepen the Company's portfolio of Tetris products. The purchase price for the Pixode assets was $ 3.5 million at closing, and the Company agreed to pay additional consideration, contingent upon the satisfaction of certain product and financial milestones, up to a maximum amount of $ 113.5 million. Subject to meeting certain financial minimum milestones, the Company will pay the sellers of the Pixode assets a percentage of an adjusted net revenue for a three year period commencing on the re-launch date of the rebranded Pixode assets, payable at the end of each fiscal year. The Company recorded the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred in the acquisition over the fair value of net assets acquired as goodwill. The goodwill reflects our expectations of favorable future growth opportunities and anticipated synergies through the scale of our operations. The Company expects that substantially all of the goodwill will be 90 deductible for federal income tax purposes. The following table summarizes the consideration paid for Pixode and the assets acquired as of the acquisition date: Consideration: July 1, 2024 Cash consideration $ 3,500 Contingent consideration 3,255 Total consideration transferred $ 6,755 Identifiable assets acquired: Developed technology (weighted-average useful life of 5 years) $ 1,650 Property and equipment, net 16 Total identifiable net assets $ 1,666 Goodwill $ 5,089 As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of the contingent consideration was $ 3.3 million. NOTE 5—RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS The following table is a summary of balance sheet assets and liabilities from related parties: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Financial Statement Line Item Marketing Agreement $ 1,000 $ 1,000 Intangibles, net The Company’s revenues and expenses recognized from related parties were immaterial during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. MGM Resorts International (“MGM”) MGM is a stockholder and the President of MGM Resorts Operations also serves on the Company’s Board of Directors. MGM owned approximately 16.6 million shares of the Company's outstanding Class A common stock as of each of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Marketing Agreement In April 2011, the Company entered into a joint marketing agreement with MGM (as amended, the “Marketing Agreement”) in exchange for assistance with marketing campaigns and the exclusive right to utilize MGM’s licensed marks and licensed copyrights for the development of certain of the Company’s social casino games. The initial term was for one year from the go-live date of the first such game in July 2012, with an automatic renewal provision for successive two-year terms based on our games meeting certain performance criteria. The Marketing Agreement was recorded as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. Microsoft Corporation ("Microsoft") On June 7, 2024, and with the approval of the Company's board of directors, the Company repurchased 11.7 million shares of Class A common stock held by Microsoft at a price of $ 2.11 per share. The total amount paid by the Company for the repurchase of such shares was $ 24.6 million and was funded with available cash. The repurchase of shares from Microsoft was supplemental to the Company’s previously announced $ 50.0 million stock repurchase program and did not impact the amount of permitted repurchases thereunder. 91 NOTE 6—RECEIVABLES, NET Receivables, net consist of the following: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Trade receivables $ 26,264 $ 29,952 Insurance receivable 3,750 — Other receivables 770 690 Allowance for uncollectible amounts ( 17 ) ( 177 ) Total receivables, net $ 30,767 $ 30,465 Insurance receivable is related to the legal proceedings discussed in Note 12— Accrued and Other Current Liabilities . NOTE 7—PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Prepaid expenses $ 4,513 5,291 Income tax receivable 2,316 3,426 Other current assets 327 2,812 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 7,156 $ 11,529 NOTE 8—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT The carrying values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, receivables, net, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short maturities. The following tables present the liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, by input level, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: December 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial liabilities: Public Warrants $ 134 — — $ 134 Private Warrants — 96 — 96 Derivative financial instruments — 38 — 38 Contingent consideration — — 3,340 3,340 Total financial liabilities $ 134 $ 134 $ 3,340 $ 3,608 December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial liabilities: Public Warrants $ 635 — — $ 635 Private Warrants — 451 — 451 Total financial liabilities $ 635 $ 451 $ — $ 1,086 The fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration liabilities relate to the Pixode Acquisition. This contingent consideration is primarily based on expected payments arising from a percentage of an adjusted net revenue for a three year period commencing on the re-launch date of the rebranded Pixode assets, payable at the end of each fiscal year. The value of these payments are subject to various market and operational risks. Significant unobservable inputs include a discount rate of approximately 13.5 % and the probability of revenue growth over the same three year period. See Note 4— Business 92 Combinations for more information on the Pixode Acquisition. The change in fair value was included in "Other income (expense), net" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and consisted of the following: Total Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ — Recorded in connection with business combinations 3,255 Fair value adjustments based upon post-acquisition performance 85 Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 3,340 NOTE 9—PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET Property and equipment, net consists of the following: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Land and land improvements $ 1,680 $ 1,680 Building and building improvements 5,890 6,046 Computer equipment 9,288 9,021 Leasehold improvements 10,964 9,811 Purchased software 704 2,115 Furniture and fixtures 3,812 4,331 Construction in progress — 460 Total property and equipment 32,338 33,464 Less: accumulated depreciation ( 16,220 ) ( 15,915 ) Total property and equipment, net $ 16,118 $ 17,549 The aggregate depreciation expense for property and equipment, net is reflected in “Depreciation and amortization” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, depreciation expense was $ 4.9 million and $ 5.5 million, respectively. Impairment charges or material write-offs were $ 0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and there was none recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023. Property and equipment, net by region consists of the following: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 United States $ 10,947 $ 13,462 Europe, Middle East, and Africa 4,059 2,895 All other regions and countries 1,112 1,192 Total property and equipment, net $ 16,118 $ 17,549 93 NOTE 10—INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE, NET Intangible Assets The following table provides the gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for each major class of intangible asset other than goodwill: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Amortizable intangible assets: Licenses $ 80,101 $ ( 33,424 ) $ 46,677 $ 71,908 $ ( 19,457 ) $ 52,451 Acquired technology 16,653 ( 8,238 ) 8,415 15,003 ( 3,831 ) 11,172 Customer relationships 12,000 ( 5,400 ) 6,600 12,000 ( 3,000 ) 9,000 Trade names 2,740 ( 1,578 ) 1,162 2,740 ( 1,428 ) 1,312 Internal-use software 188,164 ( 161,228 ) 26,936 168,232 ( 132,375 ) 35,857 Other 220 ( 14 ) 206 145 ( 4 ) 141 299,878 ( 209,882 ) 89,996 270,028 ( 160,095 ) 109,933 Nonamortizable intangible assets: Marketing Agreement with a related party 1,000 — 1,000 1,000 — 1,000 Total intangible assets $ 300,878 $ ( 209,882 ) $ 90,996 $ 271,028 $ ( 160,095 ) $ 110,933 The aggregate amortization expenses for amortizable intangible assets are reflected in “Depreciation and amortization” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, intangible asset and internal-use software amortization expenses were $ 40.6 million and $ 39.7 million, respectively. The Company recorded non-cash impairment charges within "Restructuring and related" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the amounts of a $ 9.2 million and $ 1.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the estimated annual amortization expenses for the years ending December 31, 2025 through 2029 and thereafter is as follows: Year Ending December 31, Projected Amortization Expense 2025 $ 31,463 2026 25,183 2027 16,521 2028 9,815 2029 6,463 Thereafter 551 Total $ 89,996 94 NOTE 11—GOODWILL The following table provides the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the playGAMES segment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: Goodwill, Gross Accumulated Impairment Goodwill, Net Balance as of December 31, 2023 47,133 — 47,133 Additions from acquisitions 5,089 — 5,089 Measurement period adjustments — — — Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 52,222 $ — $ 52,222 NOTE 12—ACCRUED AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES Accrued liabilities consist of the following: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Accrued payroll and vacation 11,824 10,261 Accrued user acquisition 3,609 5,687 Income taxes payable 1,468 1,295 Minimum guarantee liability 9,610 7,760 Accrued litigation 9,827 663 Other licensing agreements 2,431 7,400 Warrant liabilities 230 1,086 Other accruals 5,496 5,730 Total accrued liabilities $ 44,495 $ 39,882 Accrued Litigation The Company is a party to a litigation matter brought by TeamSava d.o.o. Beograd, or TeamSava, and other related parties. The plaintiffs filed a Statement of Claim in May 2021 in Tel Aviv District Court in Israel, alleging claims, among other things, that we breached the terms of a commercial contract relating to services provided by TeamSava and related parties in connection with the sourcing and administrative management of personnel in Serbia who provided game development services exclusively for us. The litigation sought damages of 27.3 million New Israeli Shekels (NIS) (or approximately $ 7.4 million based on prevailing exchange rates as of December 31, 2024). On November 30, 2023, we entered into a settlement agreement to resolve and settle all claims brought by the plaintiffs against the Company, its Israeli subsidiary and its employees and former employees, and all claims brought by the Company's affiliates against the plaintiffs. The settlement is contingent upon the confirmation by the respective courts in Israel and Serbia that all related lawsuits have been dismissed. The Company finalized and paid the settlement as of December 31, 2024. On April 6, 2022, a class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of California, by a purported Company shareholder in connection with alleged federal securities law violations: Christian A. Felipe et. al. v. PLAYSTUDIOS, Inc. (the “Felipe Complaint”). On July 15, 2022, the Felipe Complaint was transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, Southern Division. On October 4, 2022, the plaintiffs filed an amendment to the Felipe Complaint. The Felipe Complaint names the Company, several current and former board members of the Company, board members and officers of Acies Acquisition Corp., and Andrew Pascal, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, as defendants. The Felipe Complaint alleges misrepresentations and omissions regarding the state of the Company’s development of the Kingdom Boss game and its financial projections and future prospects in the S-4 Registration Statement filed by Acies that was declared effective on May 25, 2021, the Proxy Statement filed by Acies on May 25, 2021, and other public statements that touted Old PLAYSTUDIOS’ and the Company’s financial performance and operations, including statements made on earnings calls and the Amended S-1 Registration Statement filed by the Company that was declared effective on July 30, 2021. The Felipe Complaint alleges that the misrepresentations and omissions resulted in stock price drops of 13 % on August 12, 2021, and 5 % on February 25, 2022, following (i) the Company’s release of financial results for the second quarter of 2021, ended on June 30, 2021, and (ii) the filing of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and issuance of a press release summarizing financial results for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2021, respectively. The Felipe Complaint seeks an award of damages for an unspecified amount. On January 20, 2025, the parties reached an agreement in principle to settle the matter. The settlement is subject to the parties’ 95 negotiation of a formal stipulation of settlement and all related documentation, which is currently in process. The settlement also will be subject to preliminary and final approval by the federal district court in which the case is pending. The matter will not be fully resolved until such approvals are issued, the case is dismissed, and judgment is entered by the court. On March 8, 2023, Angel Deann Pilati, a purported adult resident citizen of Franklin County, Alabama, filed a civil lawsuit against PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in the Circuit Court of Franklin County Alabama (the "Pilati Lawsuit"), alleging that PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC makes available online games and applications across multiple platforms that are games of chance and thus illegal gambling under Alabama law and seeking to recover, under Alabama’s loss recovery act, all sums paid by Alabama residents to PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in its online gambling games during the period beginning one year before the filing of the complaint until the case is resolved. On August 23, 2023, the plaintiff amended the complaint to exclude recovery for Alabama residents who lost $ 75,000 or more during the statute of limitations period. The plaintiff claims to seek this recovery "to go to the benefit of the families" of players who paid money to play the games. The Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of this litigation. On November 13, 2023, Sandra Tucker Duckworth, a purported citizen of Tennessee, filed a civil lawsuit against PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in the Circuit Court for the 14th Judicial District of Tennessee (the "Duckworth Lawsuit") alleging that PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC makes available online games of chance that constitute illegal gambling under Tennessee law and seeking to recover, under Tennessee's loss recovery act, all sums paid by Tennessee residents to PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in its online gambling games during the period beginning one year before the filing of the lawsuit until the case is resolved, excluding recovery of money lost by a Tennessee resident who lost $ 75,000 or more during the statute of limitations period. The plaintiff claims to seek this recovery for the benefit of each individual player's spouse, or if not spouse, child or children, and if not child or children, the next of kin. The Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of this litigation. On August 22, 2024, James Scott Tipmore, a purported citizen of Kentucky, filed a civil lawsuit against PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky (the "Tipmore Lawsuit"), alleging that PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC makes available online games of chance that constitute illegal gambling under Kentucky law and seeking to recover, under Kentucky's loss recovery act, treble the sums paid by Kentucky residents to PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in its online gambling games during the period beginning five years before the filing of the lawsuit until the case is resolved. The Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of this litigation. The Company received four demands for arbitration during 2023 claiming that the games operated by PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC constitute illegal gambling under the laws of various states. As of December 31, 2024, three of the demands for arbitration remained active (the "State Arbitration Demands"). These demands generally attempt to recover amounts spent by third parties on the Company’s games by relying on state gambling loss recovery statutes and/or by seeking to have the applicable Terms of Service declared invalid. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and the Company intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the arbitration proceedings. In January 2025, the Company reached an agreement in principle to settle the Pilati Lawsuit, Duckworth Lawsuit, Tipmore Lawsuit, and State Arbitration Demands in the form of a six-state class action. As of February 17, 2025, the Pilati Lawsuit, Duckworth Lawsuit, Tipmore Lawsuit, and State Arbitration Demands had been stayed. The parties are currently in the process of drafting settlement documentation and related court filings. The settlement will be subject to approval by the court in which the class action case is filed. It is not currently known when the settlement will be finalized. As of December 31, 2024 the Company accrued $ 9.8 million in connection with the Felipe Complaint, Pilati Lawsuit, Duckworth Lawsuit, Tipmore Lawsuit, and State Arbitration Demands and the Company expects to receive $ 3.8 million in estimated insurance recoveries. Warrant Liabilities Upon the closing of the Acies Merger, there were approximately 7.2 million publicly-traded redeemable warrants to purchase shares of Class A common stock (the "Public Warrants") and 3.8 million redeemable warrants to purchase shares of Class A common stock initially issued to the Sponsor in a private placement (the "Private Warrants") by Acies. Each whole Public Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one whole share of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price of $ 11.50 in cash per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, as of October 27, 2021. Pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, a holder of Public Warrants may exercise the Public Warrants only for a whole number of shares of Class A 96 common stock. The Public Warrants will expire 5 years after the completion of the Acies Merger, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants and the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Warrants were not transferable until after the completion of the Acies Merger, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Warrants are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial holder or any of its permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial holder or its permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants. The Private Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis so long as held by the Sponsor or certain permitted transferees. The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants in whole, but not in part, at a price of $ 0.01 per Public Warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if and only if the last sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock equals or exceeds $ 18.00 per share for any 20 -trading days within a 30 -trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the holders of the Public Warrants. If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a cashless basis. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the exercise of Public Warrants. At December 31, 2024, there were approximately 5.4 million Public Warrants and 3.8 million Private Warrants outstanding. See Note 8— Fair Value Measurement for further information. NOTE 13—LEASES The Company's operating leases primarily consist of real estate leases such as offices. Our leases have remaining terms of approximately less than one year to four years . During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, operating lease expense was $ 4.6 million and $ 4.8 million, respectively. We do not have any finance leases. Our total variable and short-term lease payments were immaterial for all periods presented. On June 30, 2024, the Company renewed its lease of office space located in Tel Aviv, Israel. The original lease term was set to expire on December 31, 2024. The renewed lease term extends for an additional three years through December 31, 2027. As a result of the lease renewal, the Company recognized an additional right-of-use asset and lease liability of $ 3.4 million. Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases are as follows: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Operating lease right-of-use assets, net $ 9,703 $ 9,369 Operating lease liabilities, current 3,405 4,236 Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 6,659 5,699 Operating lease liabilities, total $ 10,064 $ 9,935 Weighted average remaining lease term, years 2.9 3.1 Weighted average discount rate 6.1 % 4.5 % Operating lease liability maturities: Year ending December 31, Operating Leases 2025 $ 3,936 2026 3,705 2027 2,945 2028 and thereafter 382 Total undiscounted cash flows $ 10,968 Less: imputed interest $ ( 904 ) Lease liabilities, total $ 10,064 As of December 31, 2024, we did not have material additional operating leases that have not yet commenced. 97 NOTE 14—LONG-TERM DEBT Credit Agreement On June 24, 2021, in connection with the closing of the Acies Merger, the Company terminated and replaced the Revolver (as defined below). The Company, a subsidiary of the Company, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) which provides for a five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $ 75.0 million. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by the Company, and are available for working capital, general corporate purposes, and permitted acquisitions. Commitment fees and interest rates are determined on the basis of either a Eurodollar rate or an Alternate Base Rate plus an applicable margin. The applicable margins are initially 2.50 %, in the case of Eurodollar loans, and 1.50 %, in the case of Alternate Base Rate loans. The applicable margin is subject to adjustment based upon the Company's Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Eurodollar rates and the Alternate Base Rate are subject to floors of 0.00 % and 1.00 %, respectively. The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative financial and operational covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement includes customary reporting requirements, conditions precedent to borrowing and affirmative, negative and financial covenants. Specific financial covenants include the following, commencing with the quarter ended September 30, 2021: • Total Net Leverage Ratio of 3.50 :1.00 (subject to increase to 4.00 :1.00 following consummation of certain material acquisitions) • Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25 :1.00. On May 13, 2022, the Company entered into the Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement, which amended the Credit Agreement to, among other things, exclude from the definition of Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio certain funds, up to $ 15.0 million, expended or to be expended by the Company in connection with the Tender Offer. On August 9, 2022, the Company entered into the Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, which further amended the Credit Agreement (as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement) to, among other things, (i) increase the total current available line of credit from $ 75.0 million to $ 81.0 million, (ii) change the basis for calculation of interest under the facility from LIBOR to SOFR, and (iii) exclude from the calculation of the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (A) up to $ 6.0 million for the acquisition of, and improvements to, the real property located at 10150 Covington Cross Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89144 incurred on or prior to the first anniversary of the effective date of Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, and (B) up to $ 20.0 million for the redemption or repurchase of up to $ 11.0 million warrants to purchase shares of Class A common stock of the Company, and shares of Class A common stock of the Company, on or before December 31, 2023, of which as of the date of Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement the Company had used $ 1.8 million to redeem outstanding warrants to purchase Class A common stock in connection with the Tender Offer. On August 16, 2023, the Company, a subsidiary of the Company, the Lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, entered into an Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement (the “Amendment No. 3”), to, among other things, exclude from the Restricted Payments covenant certain repurchases of Equity Interests of the Company deemed to occur upon the exercise, settlement or vesting of stock options, warrants or other equity-based awards if and to the extent such Equity Interests represent a portion of the exercise price of, or satisfy any tax withholding obligations with respect to, such options, warrants or other equity-based awards. On June 7, 2024, the Company, a subsidiary of the Company, the Lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, entered into an Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement (the “Amendment No. 4”) to, among other things, (i) modify the definition of “Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio” to exclude from the calculation of Restricted Payments amounts paid for the repurchase, prior to June 30, 2024, of approximately 11.7 million shares of Class A common stock of the Company, and (ii) modify the definition of “Consolidated Fixed Charges” to take into account any tax refunds received in the applicable measurement period. On July 1, 2024, the Company, a subsidiary of the Company, the Lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, entered into the Amendment No. 5 to Credit Agreement (the “Amendment No. 5”) to, among other things, exclude from the covenant set forth in Section 6.01 of the Credit Agreement regarding the incurrence of Indebtedness (as defined therein) the contingent consideration obligations payable pursuant to the Pixode acquisition. 98 The Company capitalized a total of $ 0.8 million in debt issuance costs related to the Credit Agreement and subsequent amendments. As of December 31, 2024, the Company does not have any balances outstanding under the Credit Agreement. NOTE 15—REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS Disaggregation of Revenue The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue disaggregated by type, and by over time or point in time recognition: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Virtual currency (over time) $ 228,930 $ 247,929 Advertising (point in time) 60,197 58,236 Other revenue (point in time) $ 302 $ 4,721 Total net revenue $ 289,429 $ 310,886 The following table summarizes the Company’s virtual currency revenue disaggregated by platform: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Third-party platforms 213,466 236,616 Direct-to-consumer platforms 15,464 11,313 Total virtual currency $ 228,930 $ 247,929 The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue disaggregated by geography: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 United States $ 244,184 $ 265,660 All other countries 45,245 45,226 Total net revenue $ 289,429 $ 310,886 Contract Balances Contract assets represent the Company’s ability to bill customers for performance obligations completed under a contract. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, contract assets recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets were immaterial . The deferred revenue balance related to the purchase of virtual currency was $ 0.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and immaterial as of December 31, 2023. The opening and closing balance of trade receivables is further described in Note 6— Receivables, net . NOTE 16—INCOME TAXES As of December 31, 2024, current and future earnings in the Company's foreign subsidiaries are not permanently reinvested. Earnings from these subsidiaries are subject to tax in their local jurisdiction, and withholding taxes in these jurisdictions are considered as distributions are made. Income (loss) before income taxes by tax jurisdiction consists of the following for the periods shown below (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 United States $ ( 31,268 ) $ ( 7,749 ) Foreign 3,980 5,229 Total income (loss) $ ( 27,288 ) $ ( 2,520 ) 99 Provision for (benefit from) current and deferred income taxes consists of the following for the periods shown below (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Current tax expense: Federal $ ( 11 ) $ 55 State 710 559 Foreign 2,071 3,861 Total current tax expense $ 2,770 $ 4,475 Deferred tax expense: Federal $ ( 634 ) $ 9,234 State 364 3,643 Foreign ( 1,101 ) ( 479 ) Total deferred tax expense $ ( 1,371 ) $ 12,398 Income tax expense $ 1,399 $ 16,873 100 The difference between the actual rate and the federal statutory rate is as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % Foreign provision ( 0.2 ) 6.6 State/province income tax 2.7 ( 3.7 ) Stock compensation ( 9.6 ) 43.6 Unrecognized tax benefits ( 0.1 ) 11.1 Research credit 2.5 14.8 Return to provision 5.8 ( 15.3 ) Other foreign branch impacts ( 4.6 ) ( 16.7 ) Valuation allowance ( 17.5 ) ( 643.4 ) Foreign-derived intangible income deduction (FDII) 0.2 1.2 Global intangible low taxed income (GILTI) ( 0.5 ) ( 2.8 ) Non-deductible expenses-other ( 4.0 ) ( 30.7 ) Foreign branch income ( 3.1 ) ( 43.6 ) Foreign tax deduction 1.8 23.8 Fair value adjustment on warrants 0.8 25.2 Foreign tax settlement — ( 60.6 ) Other ( 0.3 ) ( 0.2 ) Effective tax rate ( 5.1 ) % ( 669.7 ) % Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 2,941 $ 5,770 Tax credit carryforwards 2,545 1,953 Accrued liabilities 3,782 955 Stock compensation 5,954 5,826 Charitable contribution 1 509 Intangibles — 852 Property and equipment 13,185 5,288 Operating lease liabilities 2,231 2,425 Other 84 — Total gross deferred tax assets $ 30,723 $ 23,578 Less: Valuation allowance ( 23,827 ) ( 18,300 ) Total deferred tax assets $ 6,896 $ 5,278 Deferred tax liabilities: Intangibles 638 — Prepaid expenses 1,100 1,159 Operating lease assets 2,140 2,282 Other — 271 Total deferred tax liabilities $ 3,878 $ 3,712 Deferred tax assets (liability), net $ 3,018 $ 1,566 The Company had approximately $ 5.1 million of accumulated federal net operating loss as of December 31, 2024, which may be carried forward indefinitely to offset taxable income. The Company had approximately $ 0.9 million of 101 accumulated federal research credit carryforward as of December 31, 2024. The federal research credits are limited to a 20-year carryforward period and will expire starting in 2041. The Company had tax effected state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 1.8 million as of December 31, 2024, of which $ 0.1 million will carryforward indefinitely and $ 1.3 million will begin to expire between 2036 and 2044. The Company had $ 4.4 million of California research credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2024, which may be carried forward indefinitely. The Company also had $ 0.6 million of Texas research credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2024, which may be carried forward for 20 years and will expire starting in 2038. Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss the Company expects to enter within the next three months. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth. On the basis of this evaluation, as of December 31, 2024, a valuation allowance of $ 23.8 million has been recorded to recognize only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth. The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 347 $ 533 Increases for tax positions of prior years 170 75 Increases for tax positions of current year 170 — Decreases for tax positions of prior years ( 14 ) — Settlements — — Decreases for lapses in statute of limitations ( 148 ) $ ( 261 ) Balance at end of period $ 525 $ 347 The Company has analyzed filing positions in all of the federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns and for all open tax years. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded approximately $ 0.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits, of which $ 0.1 million would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized. The Company does not anticipate that its unrecognized tax benefits will materially change within the next 12 months. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits and unrecognized tax benefits is to record such items as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024, income tax expense includes an accrual of $ 0.1 million for the payment of interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is subject to examination for both U.S. federal and state tax returns for the years 2021 to present. The tax years starting from 2019 remain open to examination by the Israeli taxing authority. The tax years starting from 2019 remain open to examination by the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department for Asia. For the remaining jurisdictions, the Company is subject to examination by tax authorities from the date the Company started operations in the respective foreign jurisdiction to present. NOTE 17—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Minimum Guarantee Liability The following are the Company’s total minimum guarantee obligations: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Minimum guarantee liability-current $ 9,610 $ 7,760 Minimum guarantee liability-noncurrent 18,000 24,000 Total minimum guarantee obligations $ 27,610 $ 31,760 Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 2.0 2.6 102 The following are the Company’s remaining expected future payments of minimum guarantee obligations as of December 31, 2024: Year Ending December 31, Minimum Guarantee Obligations 2025 $ 9,610 2026 6,000 2027 6,000 2028 and thereafter 6,000 Total $ 27,610 Pixode In connection with the Pixode Acquisition, in addition to the $ 3.5 million paid at closing, and the Company agreed to pay a percentage of an adjusted net revenue for a three year period commencing on the re-launch date of the rebranded Pixode assets, payable at the end of each fiscal year, contingent upon the satisfaction of certain product and financial milestones, up to a maximum amount of $ 113.5 million. The fair value of the contingent consideration is reassessed at each reporting date, with changes recognized in earnings. The fair value of the contingent consideration as of December 31, 2024 was $ 3.3 million. Refer to Note 8—Fair Value Measurement for more information. Legal Proceedings The Company is party to ordinary and routine litigation incidental to its business. On a case-by-case basis, the Company engages inside and outside counsel to assess the probability of potential liability resulting from such litigation. After making such assessments, the Company makes an accrual for the estimated loss only when the loss is reasonably probable and an amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not expect the outcome of any pending litigation to have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. On February 20, 2024, Tyler Kuhk, a purported citizen of Washington, filed a class action lawsuit against PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in the Superior Court of the State of Washington for the County of King, alleging that PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC makes available online games of chance that constitute illegal gambling under Washington law, that PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC engaged in unfair and deceptive practices by advertising to and soliciting the general public in Washington state to play its unlawful online casino games of chance, and that PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC was unjustly enriched by this conduct. The plaintiff seeks to recover all sums paid by Washington residents to PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC in its online gambling games during an unspecified period of time under Washington’s “Recovery of money lost gambling” statute, for treble damages under Washington’s Consumer Protection Act, and for disgorgement and restitution of any money PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC has retained through unlawful and/or wrongful conduct alleged in the lawsuit. The Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of this litigation. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the probability or amount of loss relating to this litigation and therefore has not made any accruals. On May 24, 2024, the Company received multiple substantively identical pre-arbitration notices from a single law firm purporting to represent 5,264 players, alleging the games operated by the Company violate state gambling statutes, along with various other claims. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and the Company intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of these demands. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the probability or amount of loss and therefore has not made any accruals. On September 27, 2024, the Company received multiple substantively identical pre-arbitration notices from a single law firm purporting to represent 2,697 players, alleging the games operated by the Company violate state gambling statutes, along with various other claims. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and the Company intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of these demands. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the probability or amount of loss and therefore has not made any accruals. On February 10, 2025, Britt Englund and Brett Chapin, purported citizens of California and two of the named claimants in the May 24, 2024 pre-arbitration notices referenced above, filed a civil lawsuit against PLAYSTUDIOS US, 103 LLC in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles, alleging that PLAYSTUDIOS US, LLC breached an agreement to arbitrate a dispute arising out of plaintiffs’ engagement with games operated by the Company, and seeking an order to compel the Company to arbitrate. The Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of this litigation. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the probability or amount of loss relating to this litigation and therefore has not made any accruals. NOTE 18—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common Stock Subject to the prior rights of the holders of any preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of the funds legally available at the times and in the amounts determined by the Company's Board of Directors. Each holder of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of Class A common stock held and each holder of Class B common stock is entitled to twenty votes for each share of Class B common stock held. After the full preferential amounts due to preferred stockholders have been paid or set aside, the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders, if any, are distributed to the holders of common stock ratably in proportion to the number of shares of common stock then held by each such holder. None of the Company’s common stock is entitled to preemptive rights or subject to redemption. With the exception of the conversion of the Class B common stock into Class A common stock as described below, the Company’s common stock is not convertible into any other shares of the Company’s capital stock. The shares of Class B common stock are subject to a “sunset” provision that would be triggered if any member of the Founder Group transfers shares of Class B common stock outside the Founder Group (except for certain permitted transfers). In the event of such non-permitted transfers, any share transferred will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock. In addition, the outstanding shares of Class B common stock will be subject to a “sunset” provision by which all outstanding shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock (i) if holders representing a majority of the Class B common stock vote to convert the Class B common stock into Class A common stock, (ii) if the Founder Group and its permitted transferees collectively no longer beneficially own at least 20 % of the number of shares of Class B common stock collectively held by the Founder Group as of the closing of the Acies Merger, or (iii) on the nine-month anniversary of the Founder’s death or disability, unless such date is extended by a majority of independent directors of the Company. 104 Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income The following tables show a summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income: Foreign Currency Derivative Contracts Currency Translation Adjustment Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 286 $ ( 162 ) $ 124 Net losses recognized in other comprehensive income before reclassifications ( 324 ) — ( 324 ) Foreign currency translation — ( 432 ) ( 432 ) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ ( 38 ) $ ( 594 ) $ ( 632 ) Foreign Currency Derivative Contracts Currency Translation Adjustment Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ — $ ( 151 ) $ ( 151 ) Net gains recognized in other comprehensive income before reclassifications 286 — 286 Foreign currency translation — ( 11 ) ( 11 ) Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 286 $ ( 162 ) $ 124 Foreign Currency Derivative Contracts At December 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts to purchase certain foreign currencies at future dates. The amount of future operating expenses the Company had hedged was approximately $ 2.5 million, and all contracts are expected to mature during the next 12 months. The aggregate fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts was a net liability of less than $ 0.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and was recorded in " Accrued and other liabilities " in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. At December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts to purchase certain foreign currencies at future dates. The amount of future operating expenses the Company had hedged was approximately $ 2.5 million, and all contracts were completed during the year ended December 31, 2024. The aggregate fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts was a net asset of $ 0.3 million as of December 31, 2023. and was recorded in " Prepaid expenses and other current assets " in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. Treasury Stock The following table summarizes changes in treasury stock: Treasury shares Treasury stock, at cost Balance as of December 31, 2023 4,723 $ 20,094 Class A common stock repurchased through the Stock Repurchase Program 3,050 6,560 Class A common stock repurchased outside of the Stock Repurchase Program 11,677 24,639 Balance as of December 31, 2024 19,450 $ 51,293 Stock Repurchase Program On November 10, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the Company to purchase up to $ 50.0 million of the Company’s Class A common stock over a period of 12 months. On November 2, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors extended such period for an additional 12 months from November 10, 2022 to November 10, 2023. On November 1, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors extended the stock repurchase program through November 10, 2024 and increased the remaining amount authorized to $ 50.0 million. On November 1, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors extended the repurchase program through November 1, 2025. Subject to applicable rules and regulations, the shares may be purchased from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Such purchases will be at times and in amounts as the Company deems appropriate, based on factors such as market conditions, legal requirements, and other business considerations. 105 Subsequent to December 31, 2024, the Company acquired 0.7 million additional shares of its Class A common stock under this program at an aggregate value of $ 1.3 million and an average price of $ 1.72 per share. Repurchased shares were held in treasury. The remaining availability under the stock repurchase program was $ 42.2 million after the subsequent purchases. NOTE 19—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION 2011 and 2021 Equity Incentive Plans The Company has two equity incentive plans: Old PLAYSTUDIOS' 2011 Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) and the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock awards, and performance awards to employees, officers, non-employee directors and independent service providers of the Company. The 2021 Plan replaced the 2011 Plan in June 2021. No additional awards will be available for future issuance under the 2011 Plan. The number of shares of Class A common stock available under the 2021 Plan will increase annually on the first day of each calendar year, beginning with the calendar year ended December 31, 2022, with such annual increase equal to the lesser of (i) 5 % of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the last business day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) an amount determined by the Company's Board of Directors. If any award (or any award under the 2011 Plan) is forfeited, cancelled, expires, terminates or otherwise lapses or is settled in cash, in whole or in part, without the delivery of Class A common stock or Class B common stock, then the shares (including both the Class A common stock and Class B common stock) covered by such forfeited, expired, terminated or lapsed award shall again be available as shares for grant under the 2021 Plan. As of December 31, 2024, a total of 37.5 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock had been allocated to awards granted under the 2021 Plan and 13.5 million of those shares remained available for future grants. Stock-Based Compensation The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense that the Company recorded in loss from operations for the periods shown: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Selling and marketing $ 1,268 $ 621 General and administrative 10,187 9,236 Research and development 6,658 8,865 Stock-based compensation expense $ 18,113 $ 18,722 Capitalized stock-based compensation $ 1,308 $ 1,800 Stock Options All of the options granted under the 2011 Plan have time-based vesting periods vesting over a period of three to four years and a maximum term of 10 years from the grant date. The following is a summary of stock option activity for time-based options for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands, except weighted-average exercise price and weighted average remaining contractual term). 106 No. of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding - December 31, 2022 9,222 $ 1.11 Granted — $ — Exercised ( 3,672 ) $ 0.85 12,257 Forfeited ( 79 ) $ 1.89 Expired ( 76 ) $ 1.63 Outstanding - December 31, 2023 5,395 $ 1.27 4.1 Granted — — Exercised ( 287 ) 1.00 280 Forfeited ( 2 ) 6.18 Expired ( 36 ) 2.77 Outstanding - December 31, 2024 5,070 1.28 2.9 $ 3,606 Unvested - December 31, 2024 1 7.85 6.1 — Exercisable - December 31, 2024 5,069 1.28 2.9 3,606 As of December 31, 2024, there were 5.1 million options outstanding, of which 3.2 million options are issuable into Class A common stock and 1.9 million options are issuable into Class B common stock. As of December 31, 2024, there was an immaterial amount of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options granted to employees. Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") The following is a summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands, except weighted-average grant date fair value): No. of RSUs Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Total Fair Value of Shares Vested Outstanding - December 31, 2022 11,521 $ 4.28 Granted 4,704 3.87 Vested ( 3,239 ) 4.26 $ 13,788 Forfeited ( 1,284 ) 4.12 Outstanding - December 31, 2023 11,702 $ 4.15 Granted 8,639 1.99 Vested ( 5,832 ) 3.88 $ 22,639 Forfeited ( 1,789 ) 3.56 Outstanding - December 31, 2024 12,720 $ 2.87 As of December 31, 2024, there was approximately $ 26.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs granted to employees and other service providers and this cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining average period of 2.1 years. The total intrinsic value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $ 12.4 million and $ 12.4 million, respectively. 107 Performance Stock Units ("PSUs") The following is a summary of PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands, except weighted-average grant date fair value): No. of PSUs Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Total Fair Value of Shares Vested Outstanding - December 31, 2023 — $ — Granted 342 2.20 Vested — — $ — Forfeited — — Outstanding - December 31, 2024 342 $ 2.20 The PSUs are not expected to vest so no stock compensation was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024. There was no unrecognized compensation expense as of the year ended December 31, 2024. 108 NOTE 20—NET LOSS PER SHARE Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of each respective class of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders by the weighted-average number of each respective class of common stock outstanding, including the potential dilutive securities. For the calculation of diluted net loss per share, net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders is adjusted to reflect the potential effect of dilutive securities. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share (in thousands except per share data): Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Class A Class B Class A Class B Numerator Net loss attributable to common stockholders – basic $ ( 25,039 ) $ ( 3,648 ) $ ( 16,992 ) $ ( 2,401 ) Potential dilutive effect of derivative instruments — — — — Net loss attributable to common stockholders – diluted $ ( 25,039 ) $ ( 3,648 ) $ ( 16,992 ) $ ( 2,401 ) Denominator Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic 112,980 16,458 116,520 16,458 Potential dilutive effect of stock options — — — — Potential dilutive effect of restricted stock units — — — — Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - dilutive 112,980 16,458 116,520 16,458 Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share Basic $ ( 0.22 ) $ ( 0.22 ) $ ( 0.15 ) $ ( 0.15 ) Diluted $ ( 0.22 ) $ ( 0.22 ) $ ( 0.15 ) $ ( 0.15 ) For the periods presented above, the net loss per share amounts are the same for Class A and Class B common stock because the holders of each class are entitled to equal per share dividends or distributions in liquidation in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation. The undistributed losses for each period are allocated based on 109 the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common stock as if the losses for the period had been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed losses are allocated on a proportionate basis. The following equity awards outstanding at the end of each period presented have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented due to their anti-dilutive effect: December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Stock options 5,070 5,394 Restricted stock units 13,063 11,702 Public Warrants 5,383 5,383 Private Warrants 3,822 3,822 Earnout Shares 15,000 15,000 42,338 41,301 110 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANT ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None.