AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Forward-Looking Statements Certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in our press releases, and in oral statements made with the approval of an executive officer may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, and other non-historical statements, and may be prefaced with words such as “outlook,” “guidance,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “preliminary,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “projects,” “positioned,” “prospects,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “pending investments,” “anticipates,” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including, among others, the factors discussed under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 , and from time to time, as applicable, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q . These factors (among others) could affect our financial condition, business activities, results of operations, cash flows, or overall financial performance and cause actual results and business activities to differ materially from historical periods and those presently anticipated and projected. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we will not undertake and we specifically disclaim any obligation to release publicly the result of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of events, whether or not anticipated. In that respect, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. References throughout this report to “AMG,” “we,” “us,” “our,” the “ Company,” and similar references refer to Affiliated Managers Group, Inc., unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires. Executive Overview AMG is a strategic partner to leading independent investment firms globally. Our strategy is to generate long-term value by investing in a diverse array of high-quality independent partner-owned firms, referred to as “Affiliates,” through a proven partnership approach, and allocating resources across our unique opportunity set to the areas of highest growth and return. With their entrepreneurial, investment-centric cultures and alignment of interests with clients through direct equity ownership by firm principals, independent firms have fundamental competitive advantages in offering unique return streams to the marketplace. Through AMG’s distinctive approach, we enhance these advantages to magnify the long-term success of our Affiliates and actively support their independence. Our innovative model enables each Affiliate’s management team to retain autonomy and significant equity ownership in their firm, while they leverage our strategic capabilities and insight, including growth capital, product strategy and development, capital formation, and incentive alignment and succession planning. As of June 30, 2024 , our aggregate assets under management were approximately $701 billion across a diverse range of private markets, liquid alternatives, and differentiated long-only investment strategi e s. Operating Performance Measures Under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”), we are required to consolidate certain of our Affiliates and use the equity method of accounting for others. Whether we consolidate an Affiliate or use the equity method of accounting, we maintain the same innovative partnership approach and provide support and assistance in substantially the same manner for all of our Affiliates. Furthermore, all of our Affiliates are investment managers and are impacted by similar marketplace factors and industry trends. Therefore, our key aggregate operating performance measures are important in providing management with a comprehensive view of the operating performance and material trends across our entire business. The following table presents our key aggregate operating performance measures: As of and for the Three Months Ended June 30, As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30, (in billions, except as noted) 2023 2024 % Change 2023 2024 % Change Assets under management $ 673.9 $ 701.0 4 % $ 673.9 $ 701.0 4 % Average assets under management 668.9 693.1 4 % 664.7 686.5 3 % Aggregate fees (in millions) 1,003.1 1,098.1 9 % 2,508.2 2,569.7 2 % Table of Contents 26 Assets under management, and therefore average assets under management, include the assets under management of our consolidated and equity method Affiliates. Assets under management is presented on a current basis without regard to the timing of the inclusion of an Affiliate’s financial results in our operating performance measures and Consolidated Financial Statements. Average assets under management reflects the timing of the inclusion of an Affiliate’s financial results in our operating performance measures and Consolidated Financial Statements. Average assets under management for mutual funds and similar investment products generally represents an average of the daily net assets under management, while for institutional and high net worth clients, average assets under management generally represents an average of the assets at the beginning or end of each month during the applicable period. Aggregate fees consist of the total asset- and performance-based fees earned by all of our consolidated and equity method Affiliates. For certain of our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we report the Affiliate’s aggregate fees one quarter in arrears. Aggregate fees are provided in addition to, but not as a substitute for, Consolidated revenue or other GAAP performance measures. Assets Under Management Our Affiliates provide a diverse range of differentiated return streams through their specialized investment processes. We continue to see client demand for alternative strategies, as evidenced by our net inflows in this category for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 . At the same time, our equity strategies saw outflows in line with client cash flow trends across the industry. We continue to invest in areas of long-term client demand — including private markets, liquid alternatives, sustainable investment strategies, wealth management, and Asia — through new and existing Affiliates, to better position AMG to benefit from industry growth trends. We also anticipate that independent investment firms will continue to seek access to an evolving range of partnership solutions, and that we have a significant opportunity to invest in additional high-quality firms across the global investment management industry. The following charts present information regarding the composition of our assets under management by strategy and client type as of June 30, 2024 : Assets Under Management ___________________________ (1) Alternatives include private markets strategies, which accounted for 18% of our assets under management as of June 30, 2024 . The following tables present changes in our assets under management by strategy and client type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 : Table of Contents 27 By Strategy - Quarter to Date (in billions) Alternatives Global Equities U.S. Equities Multi-Asset & Fixed Income Total March 31, 2024 $ 248.7 $ 192.0 $ 149.8 $ 108.9 $ 699.4 Client cash inflows and commitments 13.2 5.1 4.7 5.9 28.9 Client cash outflows (6.9) (8.9) (7.1) (5.1) (28.0) Net client cash flows 6.3 (3.8) (2.4) 0.8 0.9 New investments 0.7 — — — 0.7 Market changes (0.9) 1.6 (1.2) 1.7 1.2 Foreign exchange (1) 0.1 (0.2) (0.2) (0.0) (0.3) Realizations and distributions (net) (0.6) (0.1) (0.0) (0.1) (0.8) Other (2) 2.3 (3.1) 0.6 0.1 (0.1) June 30, 2024 $ 256.6 $ 186.4 $ 146.6 $ 111.4 $ 701.0 By Client Type - Quarter to Date (in billions) Institutional Retail High Net Worth Total March 31, 2024 $ 369.6 $ 202.8 $ 127.0 $ 699.4 Client cash inflows and commitments 14.8 9.4 4.7 28.9 Client cash outflows (10.7) (11.4) (5.9) (28.0) Net client cash flows 4.1 (2.0) (1.2) 0.9 New investments 0.5 — 0.2 0.7 Market changes (0.2) 0.3 1.1 1.2 Foreign exchange (1) (0.3) 0.1 (0.1) (0.3) Realizations and distributions (net) (0.7) (0.1) (0.0) (0.8) Other (2) (3.3) 0.3 2.9 (0.1) June 30, 2024 $ 369.7 $ 201.4 $ 129.9 $ 701.0 By Strategy - Year to Date Alternatives Global Equities U.S. Equities Multi-Asset & Fixed Income Total December 31, 2023 $ 238.8 $ 186.6 $ 142.8 $ 104.5 $ 672.7 Client cash inflows and commitments 22.4 9.8 9.6 12.3 54.1 Client cash outflows (11.5) (18.3) (17.5) (9.7) (57.0) Net client cash flows 10.9 (8.5) (7.9) 2.6 (2.9) New investments 0.7 — — — 0.7 Market changes 6.6 12.6 11.8 4.7 35.7 Foreign exchange (1) (0.4) (1.3) (0.5) (0.3) (2.5) Realizations and distributions (net) (2.6) (0.1) (0.0) (0.1) (2.8) Other (2) 2.6 (2.9) 0.4 0.0 0.1 June 30, 2024 $ 256.6 $ 186.4 $ 146.6 $ 111.4 $ 701.0 Table of Contents 28 By Client Type - Year to Date Institutional Retail High Net Worth Total December 31, 2023 $ 354.9 $ 196.0 $ 121.8 $ 672.7 Client cash inflows and commitments 25.1 17.8 11.2 54.1 Client cash outflows (20.0) (26.0) (11.0) (57.0) Net client cash flows 5.1 (8.2) 0.2 (2.9) New investments 0.5 — 0.2 0.7 Market changes 16.7 13.8 5.2 35.7 Foreign exchange (1) (1.6) (0.5) (0.4) (2.5) Realizations and distributions (net) (2.6) (0.1) (0.1) (2.8) Other (2) (3.3) 0.4 3.0 0.1 June 30, 2024 $ 369.7 $ 201.4 $ 129.9 $ 701.0 ___________________________ (1) Foreign exchange reflects the impact of translating the assets under management of our Affiliates whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar into our functional currency. (2) Other includes assets under management attributable to product transitions and reclassifications. The following tables present performance of our investment strategies, where available, measured by the percentage of assets under management ahead of their relevant benchmark: AUM Weight % of AUM Ahead of Benchmark (1) 3-year 5-year 10-year Liquid alternatives (2) 19 % 76 % 88 % 86 % Global equity (2) 26 % 40 % 53 % 65 % U.S. equity (2) 21 % 46 % 51 % 79 % Multi-asset and fixed income (3) 16 % N/A N/A N/A AUM Weight % of AUM Ahead of Benchmark (1) IRR Latest Vintage IRR Last Three Vintages Private markets (4) 18 % 86 % 86 % ___________________________ (1) Past performance is not indicative of future results. Performance and AUM information is as of June 30, 2024 and is based on data available at the time of calculation. Product returns are sourced from Affiliates while benchmark returns are generally sourced via third-party subscriptions. (2) For liquid alternative, global equity, and U.S. equity products, performance is reported as the percentage of assets that have outperformed benchmarks across the indicated periods, and excludes market-hedging products. For purposes of investment performance comparisons, products are an aggregation of portfolios (separate accounts, investment funds, and other products) that each represent a particular investment objective, using the most representative portfolio for the performance comparison. Performance is presented for products with a three-, five-, and/or ten-year track record and is measured on a consistent basis relative to the most appropriate benchmarks. Benchmark appropriateness is generally reviewed annually to reflect any changes in how underlying portfolios/mandates are managed. Product and benchmark performance is reflected as total return and is annualized. Reported product performance is gross-of-fees for institutional and high-net-worth separate accounts, and generally net-of-fees across retail funds and other commingled vehicles such as hedge funds. (3) Multi-asset and fixed income products are mainly our wealth management and solutions offerings. These investment products are primarily customized toward wealth preservation, estate planning, and liability and tax management, and therefore are typically not measured against a benchmark. (4) For private markets products, performance is reported as the percentage of assets that have outperformed benchmarks on a since-inception internal rate of return basis. Benchmarks utilized include a combination of public market equivalents, peer Table of Contents 29 medians, and absolute returns where benchmarks are not available. For purposes of investment performance comparisons, the latest vintage comparison includes the most recent vehicles and strategies (traditional long-duration investment funds, customized vehicles, and other evergreen vehicles and product structures) where meaningful performance is available and calculable. In order to illustrate the performance of our private markets product category over a longer period of history, the last three vintages comparison incorporates the latest vintage vehicles and the prior two vintages for traditional long- duration investment funds, as well as additional vehicles and strategies launched during the equivalent time period as the last three vintages of traditional long-duration investment funds. Due to the nature of these investments and vehicles, reported performance is typically on a three- to six-month lag basis. Aggregate Fees Aggregate fees consist of asset- and performance-based fees of our consolidated and equity method Affiliates. Asset-based fees include advisory and other fees earned by our Affiliates for services provided to their clients and are typically determined as a percentage of the value of a client’s assets under management, generally inclusive of uncalled commitments. Asset-based fees are generally impacted by the level of average assets under management and the composition of these assets across our strategies with different asset-based fee ratios. Our asset-based fee ratio is calculated as asset-based fees divided by average assets under management. In some cases, if product returns exceed certain performance thresholds, we will participate in performance-based fees. Performance-based fees are based on investment performance, typically on an absolute basis or relative to a benchmark or a hurdle rate, and are generally recognized when it is improbable that there will be a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized. Performance-based fees are generally billed less frequently than asset-based fees and will vary from period to period because they inherently depend on investment performance. As of June 30, 2024 , approximately 27% of our total assets under management could potentially earn performance-based fees. These percentages were approximately 12% and 47% of our assets under management for our consolidated Affiliates and Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, respectively. We anticipate performance-based fees will be a recurring component of our aggregate fees; however we do not anticipate these fees to be a significant component of our Consolidated revenue as these fees are predominately earned by our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method. Aggre gate fees were $1,098.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , an increase of $95.0 million or 9% as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase in our aggregate fees was due to a $73.9 million or 7% increase from asset-based fees and a $21.1 million or 2% increase from performance-based fees, primarily in our liquid alternatives strategies. The increase in asset-based fees was due to an increase in our average assets under management, primarily in our alternatives strategies, and changes in the composition of our assets under management primarily driven by investments in new Affiliates. Aggregate fees were $2,569.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , an increase of $61.5 million or 2% as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase in our aggregate fees was due to a $148.5 million or 5% increase from asset-based fees, offset by an $87.0 million or 3% decrease from performance-based fees, primarily in our liquid alternatives strategies. The increase in asset-based fees was due to an increase in our average assets under management, primarily in our alternatives strategies, and changes in the composition of our assets under management primarily driven by investments in new Affiliates. Financial and Supplemental Financial Performance Measures The following table presents our key financial and supplemental financial performance measures: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions) 2023 2024 % Change 2023 2024 % Change Net income (controlling interest) $ 125.3 $ 76.0 (39) % $ 259.8 $ 225.8 (13) % Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) (1) 214.3 217.5 1 % 431.1 477.3 11 % Economic net income (controlling interest) (1) 167.3 155.9 (7) % 325.4 342.6 5 % ___________________________ (1) Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) and Economic net income (controlling interest) are non-GAAP performance measures and are discussed in “Supplemental Financial Performance Measures.” Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) is an important supplemental financial performance measure for management. Our Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) increased $3.2 million or 1% in the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily Table of Contents 30 due to a $95.0 million or 9% increase in aggregate fees. Adjusted EBITDA increased less than aggregate fees on a percentage basis primarily due to the recognition of performance-based fees earned by Affiliates in which we hold a lesser economic interest. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , our Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) increased $46.2 million or 11% , primarily from investments in new Affiliates and the recognition of performance-based fees earned by Affiliates in which we hold a greater economic interest. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 , our Net income (controlling interest) decreased $49.3 million or 39% . This decrease was primarily due to a $37.7 million decrease in Equity method income (net) and a $9.3 million increase in Income tax expense attributable to the controlling interest. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , our Net income (controlling interest) decreased $34.0 million or 13% . This decrease was primarily due to a $22.8 million decrease in Investment and other income attributable to the controlling interest and a $20.1 million increase in Income tax expense attributable to the controlling interest. These decreases were partially offset by a $21.2 million increase in Equity method income (net). We believe Economic net income (controlling interest) is an important supplemental financial performance measure because it represents our performance before non-cash expenses relating to the acquisition of interests in Affiliates and improves comparability of performance between periods. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 , our Economic net income (controlling interest) decreased $11.4 million or 7% , primarily due to an $11.0 million increase in current and other deferred taxes. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , our Economic net income (controlling interest) increased $17.2 million or 5% , primarily due to a $46.2 million increase in Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest), partially offset by a $24.5 million increase in current and other deferred taxes. Results of Operations The following discussion includes the key operating performance measures and financial results of our consolidated and equity method Affiliates. Our consolidated Affiliates’ financial results are included in our Consolidated revenue, Consolidated expenses, and Investment and other income, and our share of our equity method Affiliates’ financial results is reported, net of intangible amortization and impairments, in Equity method income (net). Consolidated Revenue The following table presents our consolidated Affiliates’ average assets under management and Consolidated revenue: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions, except as noted) 2023 2024 % Change 2023 2024 % Change Consolidated Affiliate average assets under management (in billions) $ 402.4 $ 394.4 (2) % $ 400.7 $ 394.1 (2) % Consolidated revenue $ 512.5 $ 500.3 (2) % $ 1,029.9 $ 1,000.3 (3) % Our Consolidated revenue decreased $12.2 million or 2% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , due to an $8.8 million or 1% decrease from asset-based fees and a $3.4 million or 1% decrease from performance-based fees, primarily in our private markets strategies. The decrease in asset-based fees was principally due to a decrease in consolidated Affiliate average assets under management, primarily in our global equity strategies. Our Consolidated revenue decreased $29.6 million or 3% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , due to a $27.1 million or 3% decrease from asset-based fees and a $2.5 million decrease from performance-based fees, primarily in our private markets strategies. The decrease in asset-based fees was principally due to a decrease in consolidated Affiliate average assets under management, primarily in our global equity strategies. Consolidated Expenses Our Consolidated expenses are primarily attributable to the non-controlling interests of our consolidated Affiliates. The following table presents our Consolidated expenses: Table of Contents 31 For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, % Change % Change (in millions) 2023 2024 2023 2024 Compensation and related expenses $ 228.9 $ 215.3 (6) % $ 451.2 $ 455.7 1 % Selling, general and administrative 85.2 89.4 5 % 182.3 181.1 (1) % Intangible amortization and impairments 12.5 7.3 (42) % 25.0 14.5 (42) % Interest expense 30.9 33.5 8 % 61.3 63.4 3 % Depreciation and other amortization 3.3 3.1 (6) % 7.0 6.1 (13) % Other expenses (net) 13.8 10.8 (22) % 28.3 19.9 (30) % Total consolidated expenses $ 374.6 $ 359.4 (4) % $ 755.1 $ 740.7 (2) % Compensation and related expenses decreased $13.6 million or 6% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $9.0 million decrease in compensation correlated to the decrease in Consolidated revenue and a $3.9 million decrease in share-based compensation expense. Compensation and related expenses increased $4.5 million or 1% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $6.4 million increase in Affiliate equity compensation expense and a $2.5 million increase in share-based compensation expense. These increases were partially offset by a $4.4 million decrease in compensation correlated to the decrease in Consolidated revenue. S elling, general and administrative expenses increased $4.2 million or 5% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $6.2 million increase in distribution and investment-related expenses principally as a result of the increase in average assets under management on which these expenses are incurred. This increase was partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in professional fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $1.2 million or 1% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $3.2 million decrease in professional fees. Intangible amortization and impairments decreased $5.2 million or 42% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $3.5 million decrease in amortization expense related to certain definite-lived assets being fully amortized and a $1.7 million decrease due to the sale of our equity interest in Veritable, LP in the third quarter of 2023, (the “Veritable Transaction). Intangible amortization and impairments decreased $10.5 million or 42% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $7.0 million decrease from a change in expected future economic benefit related to certain definite-lived assets and a $3.3 million decrease due to the Veritable Transaction. Interest expense increased $2.6 million or 8% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $7.6 million increase from our 6.75% junior subordinated notes issued in March 2024 (the “2064 junior subordinated notes”). This increase was partially offset by a $4.4 million decrease due to the maturity of our 4.25% senior notes in February 2024 (the “2024 senior notes”). Interest expense increased $2.1 million or 3% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to an $8.6 million increase from our 2064 junior subordinated notes. This increase was partially offset by a $6.7 million decrease due to the maturity of our 2024 senior notes in February 2024. There were no significant changes to Depreciation and other amortization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 . Other expenses (net) decreased $3.0 million or 22% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $2.2 million decrease in expenses related to changes in the values of contingent payment obligations. Other expenses (net) decreased $8.4 million or 30% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $9.2 million decrease in expenses related to changes in the values of contingent payment obligations. Equity Method Income (Net) For our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we use structured partnership interests in which we contractually share in the Affiliate’s revenue or revenue less agreed-upon expenses. Our share of earnings or losses from Affiliates Table of Contents 32 accounted for under the equity method (“equity method earnings”), net of amortization and impairments, is included in Equity method income (net). For certain of our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we report the Affiliate’s financial results in our Consolidated Financial Statements one quarter in arrears. The following table presents equity method Affiliate average assets under management and equity method Affiliate revenue (“equity method revenue”), as well as equity method earnings, equity method intangible amortization, and equity method intangible impairments, if any, which in aggregate form Equity method income (net): For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions, except as noted) 2023 2024 % Change 2023 2024 % Change Operating Performance Measures Equity method Affiliate average assets under management (in billions) $ 266.5 $ 298.7 12 % $ 264.0 $ 292.4 11 % Equity method revenue $ 490.6 $ 597.8 22 % $ 1,478.3 $ 1,569.4 6 % Financial Performance Measures Equity method earnings $ 76.7 $ 78.9 3 % $ 156.3 $ 217.3 39 % Equity method intangible amortization (20.9) (20.9) 0 % (41.8) (41.7) (0 )% Equity method intangible impairments — (39.9) N.M. (1) — (39.9) N.M. (1) Equity method income (net) $ 55.8 $ 18.1 (68) % $ 114.5 $ 135.7 19 % ___________________________ (1) Percentage change is not meaningful. Our equity method revenue increased $107.2 million or 22% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , due to an $82.7 million or 17% increase from asset-based fees and a $24.5 million or 5% increase from performance-based fees, primarily in our liquid alternatives strategies. The increase in asset-based fees was due to an increase in our equity method Affiliate average assets under management, primarily in our alternatives strategies, and changes in the composition of our assets under management primarily driven by investments in new Affiliates. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 , equity method earnings increased $2.2 million or 3% , primarily due to a $107.2 million or 22% increase in equity method revenue. Equity method earnings increased less than equity method revenue on a percentage basis primarily due to the recognition of performance-based fees earned by Affiliates in which we hold a lesser economic interest, partially offset by the contribution from investments in new Affiliates. While equity method intangible amortization did not change for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , it reflects an $8.3 million decrease in amortization expense related to certain definite-lived assets being fully amortized, partially offset by a $5.3 million increase in amortization expense due to investments in new Affiliates and a $2.7 million increase in amortization expense due to an increase in actual and expected client attrition for certain definite-lived acquired client relationships. Equity method intangible impairments increased $39.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 . See Note 10 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Our equity method revenue increased $91.1 million or 6% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , due to a $175.6 million or 12% increase from asset-based fees offset by an $84.5 million or 6% decrease from performance-based fees, primarily in our liquid alternatives strategies. The increase in asset-based fees was due to an increase in our equity method Affiliate average assets under management, primarily in our alternatives strategies, and changes in the composition of our assets under management primarily driven by investments in new Affiliates. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , equity method earnings increased $61.0 million or 39% , primarily due to a $91.1 million or 6% increase in equity method revenue. Equity method earnings increased more than equity method revenue on a percentage basis primarily due to the contribution from investments in new Affiliates and the recognition of performance-based fees earned by Affiliates in which we hold a greater economic interest. Equity method intangible amortization decreased $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $16.6 million decrease in amortization expense related to certain definite-lived assets being fully amortized, partially offset by a $10.5 million increase in amortization expense due to investments in new Affiliates and a $5.4 million increase in amortization expense due to an increase in actual and expected client attrition for certain definite-lived acquired client relationships. Table of Contents 33 Equity method intangible impairments increased $39.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 . See Note 10 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Investment and Other Income The following table presents our Investment and other income: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions) 2023 2024 % Change 2023 2024 % Change Investment and other income $ 26.5 $ 19.3 (27) % $ 64.3 $ 37.2 (42) % Investment and other income decreased $7.2 million or 27% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a $6.4 million decrease in net unrealized gains on Other investments. Investment and other income decreased $27.1 million or 42% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to decreases in net realized and unrealized gains on Investments in marketable securities and Other investments of $20.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively. Income Tax Expense The following table presents our Income tax expense: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions) 2023 2024 % Change 2023 2024 % Change Income tax expense $ 32.8 $ 43.3 32 % $ 77.7 $ 98.7 27 % Our consolidated income tax provision includes taxes attributable to the controlling interest and, to a lesser extent, taxes attributable to the non-controlling interests. Income tax expense increased $10.5 million or 32% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 . Our effective tax rate (controlling interest) for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was 35.0% as compared to 20.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase in the tax rate (controlling interest) was primarily due to a decrease in estimated foreign tax expense in the three months ended June 30, 2023 , and an expense to reduce the carrying value of an Affiliate to fair value in the three months ended June 30, 2024 for which no tax benefit was recorded. See Note 15 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Income tax expense increased $21.0 million or 27% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 . Our effective rate (controlling interest) for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was 29.4% as compared to 22.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase in the tax rate (controlling interest) was primarily due to a decrease in estimated foreign tax expense and tax windfalls attributable to share-based compensation in the six months ended June 30, 2023 , and an expense to reduce the carrying value of an Affiliate to fair value in the six months ended June 30, 2024 for which no tax benefit was recorded. See Note 15 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Net Income The following table presents Net income, Net income (non-controlling interests), and Net income (controlling interest): For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions) 2023 2024 % Change 2023 2024 % Change Net income $ 187.4 $ 135.0 (28) % $ 375.9 $ 333.8 (11) % Net income (non-controlling interests) 62.1 59.0 (5) % 116.1 108.0 (7) % Net income (controlling interest) 125.3 76.0 (39) % 259.8 225.8 (13) % Net income (controlling interest) decreased $49.3 million or 39% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a decrease in Equity method income (net) and an increase in Income tax expense attributable to the controlling interest. Table of Contents 34 Net income (controlling interest) decreased $34.0 million or 13% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , primarily due to a decrease in Investment and other income attributable to the controlling interest and an increase in Income tax expense attributable to the controlling interest, partially offset by an increase in Equity method income (net). Supplemental Financial Performance Measures As supplemental information, we provide non-GAAP performance measures of Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest), Economic net income (controlling interest), and Economic earnings per share. We believe that many investors use our Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) when comparing our financial performance to other companies in the investment management industry. Management utilizes these non-GAAP performance measures to assess our performance before our share of certain non-cash GAAP expenses primarily related to the acquisition of interests in Affiliates and to improve comparability between periods. Economic net income (controlling interest) and Economic earnings per share are used by management and our B oard of Directors as our principal performance benchmarks , including as one of the measures for determining executive compensation. These non-GAAP performance measures are provided in addition to, but not as a substitute for, Net income (controlling interest), Earnings per share, or other GAAP performance measures. Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) represents our performance before our share of interest expense, income and certain non-income based taxes, depreciation, amortization, impairments, gains and losses related to Affiliate Transactions, and non-cash items such as certain Affiliate equity activity, gains and losses on our contingent payment obligations, and unrealized gains and losses on seed capital, general partner commitments, and other strategic investments. Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) is also adjusted to include realized economic gains and losses related to these seed capital, general partner commitments, and other strategic investments. The following table presents a reconciliation of Net income (controlling interest) to Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest): For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions) 2023 2024 2023 2024 Net income (controlling interest) $ 125.3 $ 76.0 $ 259.8 $ 225.8 Interest expense 30.9 33.5 61.4 63.4 Income taxes 31.6 42.3 74.1 99.7 Intangible amortization and impairments (1) 29.4 65.6 58.8 91.2 Affiliate Transactions (2) (1.4) — (23.0) — Other items (3) (1.5) 0.1 0.0 (2.8) Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) $ 214.3 $ 217.5 $ 431.1 $ 477.3 ___________________________ (1) Intangible amortization and impairments in our Consolidated Statements of Income include amortization attributable to the non-controlling interests of our consolidated Affiliates. For our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we do not separately report intangible amortization and impairments in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Our share of these Affiliates’ amortization and impairments is included in Equity method income (net). The following table presents the Intangible amortization and impairments shown above: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions) 2023 2024 2023 2024 Consolidated intangible amortization and impairments $ 12.5 $ 7.3 $ 25.0 $ 14.5 Consolidated intangible amortization and impairments (non-controlling interests) (4.0) (2.5) (8.0) (4.9) Equity method intangible amortization and impairments 20.9 60.8 41.8 81.6 Total $ 29.4 $ 65.6 $ 58.8 $ 91.2 (2) The three and six months ended June 30, 2023 include gains on ordinary shares of EQT AB (“EQT”), a public company listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (EQT.ST). We received the EQT shares through the sale of our equity interest in Baring Table of Contents 35 Private Equity Asia (“BPEA”), in connection with the strategic combination of BPEA and EQT, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2022. (3) Other items include certain non-income based taxes, depreciation, and non-cash items such as certain Affiliate equity activity, gains and losses on our contingent payment obligations, unrealized gains and losses on seed capital, general partner commitments, and other strategic investments, and realized economic gains and losses related to these seed capital, general partner commitments, and other strategic investments. Economic Net Income (controlling interest) and Economic Earnings Per Share Under our Economic net income (controlling interest) definition, we adjust Net income (controlling interest) for our share of pre-tax intangible amortization and impairments related to intangible assets (including the portion attributable to equity method investments in Affiliates) because these expenses do not correspond to the changes in the value of these assets, which do not diminish predictably over time. We also adjust for deferred taxes attributable to intangible assets because we believe it is unlikely these accruals will be used to settle material tax obligations. Further, we adjust for gains and losses related to Affiliate Transactions, net of tax, and other economic items. Economic earnings per share represents Economic net income (controlling interest) divided by the Average shares outstanding (adjusted diluted). In this calculation, we exclude the potential shares issued upon settlement of Redeemable non- controlling interests from Average shares outstanding (adjusted diluted) because we intend to settle those obligations without issuing shares, consistent with all prior Affiliate equity purchase transactions. The potential share issuance in connection with our junior convertible securities is measured using a “treasury stock” method. Under this method, only the net number of shares of common stock equal to the value of these junior convertible securities in excess of par, if any, are deemed to be outstanding. We believe the inclusion of net shares under a treasury stock method best reflects the benefit of the increase in available capital resources (which could be used to repurchase shares of our common stock) that occurs when these securities are converted and we are relieved of our debt obligation. The following table presents a reconciliation of Net income (controlling interest) to Economic net income (controlling interest) and Economic earnings per share: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions, except per share data) 2023 2024 2023 2024 Net income (controlling interest) $ 125.3 $ 76.0 $ 259.8 $ 225.8 Intangible amortization and impairments (1) 29.4 65.6 58.8 91.2 Intangible-related deferred taxes 15.0 14.7 29.8 30.9 Affiliate Transactions (2) (1.1) — (17.4) — Other economic items (3) (1.3) (0.4) (5.6) (5.3) Economic net income (controlling interest) $ 167.3 $ 155.9 $ 325.4 $ 342.6 Average shares outstanding (diluted) 42.1 35.3 40.2 36.0 Hypothetical issuance of shares to settle Redeemable non-controlling interests (2.8) (0.2) (0.8) (0.3) Assumed issuance of junior convertible securities shares (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) Average shares outstanding (adjusted diluted) 37.6 33.4 37.7 34.0 Economic earnings per share $ 4.45 $ 4.67 $ 8.63 $ 10.06 ___________________________ (1) See note (1) to the table in “Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest).” (2) The three and six months ended June 30, 2023 include gains on EQT shares, net of $0.4 million and $5.6 million of income tax expense, respectively. (3) Other economic items include certain Affiliate equity activity, gains and losses related to contingent payment obligations, tax windfalls and shortfalls from share-based compensation, unrealized gains and losses on seed capital, general partner commitments, and other strategic investments, and realized economic gains and losses related to these seed capital, general partner commitments, and other strategic investments. Other economic items were net of income tax expense of $2.6 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2024 , respectively, and $4.4 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2024 , respectively. Table of Contents 36 Liquidity and Capital Resources We generate long-term value by investing in new Affiliate partnerships, existing Affiliates, and strategic value-add capabilities through which we can leverage our scale and resources to benefit our Affiliates and enhance their long-term growth prospects. Given our annual cash generation from operations, in addition to investing for growth in our business, we are also able to return excess capital to shareholders primarily through share repurchases. We continue to manage our capital structure consistent with an investment grade company and are currently rated A3 by Moody’s Investor Services and BBB+ by S&P Global Ratings. C ash and cash equivalents were $865.5 million as of June 30, 2024 and were attributable to both our controlling and the non-controlling interests. In the six months ended June 30, 2024 , we met our cash requirements primarily through cash generated by operating activities. Our principal uses of cash in the six months ended June 30, 2024 were for the return of excess capital through share repurchases, repayment of debt, purchases of investment securities, and distributions to Affiliate equity holders. We expect investments in new Affiliates, investments in existing Affiliates, primarily through purchases of Affiliate equity interests and general partner and seed capital investments, the return of capital through share repurchases and the payment of cash dividends on our common stock, repayment of debt, distributions to Affiliate equity holders, payment of income taxes, purchases of marketable securities, and general working capital to be the primary uses of cash on a consolidated basis for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our current cash balance, cash flows from operations, proceeds from sales of our marketable securities, and borrowings under our senior unsecured multicurrency revolving credit facility (the “revolver”) will be sufficient to support our uses of cash for the foreseeable future. In addition, we may draw funding from the debt and equity capital markets, and our credit ratings, among other factors, allow us to access these sources of funding on favorable terms. The following table presents operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities: For the Six Months Ended June 30, (in millions) 2023 2024 Operating cash flow $ 325.5 $ 454.4 Investing cash flow 291.1 314.8 Financing cash flow (265.2) (716.1) Operating Cash Flow Operating cash flows are calculated by adjusting Net income for other significant sources and uses of cash, significant non- cash items, and timing differences in the cash settlement of assets and liabilities. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , Cash flows from operating activities were $454.4 million , primarily from Net income of $333.8 million and distributions of earnings received from equity method investments of $289.0 million . These items were partially offset by timing differences in the cash settlement of receivables, other assets, and payables, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities of $125.9 million . For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , operating cash flows were primarily attributable to the controlling interest. Investing Cash Flow For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , Cash flows from investing activities were $314.8 million , primarily due to $754.4 million of maturities and sales of investment securities, partially offset by $432.3 million of purchases of investment securities. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , investing cash flows were primarily attributable to the controlling interest. Financing Cash Flow For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , Cash flows used in financing activities were $716.1 million , primarily due to $484.6 million of repurchases of common stock (net), repayment of senior notes and senior bank debt of $400.0 million and $50.0 million, respectively , $147.6 million of distributions to non-controlling interests, and $49.1 million of Affiliate equity purchases, net of issuances. These items were partially offset by the issuance of $450.0 million of junior subordinated notes. Affiliate Equity We periodically purchase Affiliate equity from and issue Affiliate equity to our consolidated Affiliate partners and other parties, under agreements that provide us with a conditional right to call and Affiliate equity holders with a conditional right to put their Affiliate equity interests to us at certain intervals. We have the right to settle a portion of these purchases in shares of Table of Contents 37 our common stock. For Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we do not typically have such put and call arrangements. The purchase price of these conditional purchases is generally calculated based upon a multiple of the Affiliate’s cash flow distributions, which is intended to represent fair value. Affiliate equity holders are also permitted to sell their equity interests to other individuals or entities in certain cases, subject to our approval or other restrictions. As of June 30, 2024 , the current redemption value of Affiliate equity interests was $444.9 million , of which $391.0 million was presented as Redeemable non-controlling interests (including $10.7 million of consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products primarily attributable to third-party investors), and $53.9 million was included in Other liabilities. Although the timing and amounts of these purchases are difficult to predict, we paid $55.4 million for Affiliate equity purchases and received $6.3 million for Affiliate equity issuances during the six months ended June 30, 2024 , and we expect net purchases of approximately $75 million of Affiliate equity during the remainder of 2024 . In the event of a purchase, we become the owner of the cash flow associated with the purchased equity. See Notes 13 and 14 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Share Repurchases Our Board of Directors authorized share repurchase programs in October 2022, October 2023, and July 2024 to repurchase up to 3.0 million , 3.3 million , and 5.4 million shares of our common stock, respectively, and these authorizations have no expiry. Purchases may be made from time to time, at management’s discretion, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including through the use of trading plans, as well as pursuant to accelerated share repurchase programs or other share repurchase strategies that may include derivative financial instruments. As of March 31, 2024 , we had repurchased all of the shares in the repurchase program authorized in October 2022. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 , we repurchased 2.1 million and 3.0 million shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $158.62 and $157.66 , respectively. As of the July 22, 2024 authorization, there were approximately 6 million shares available for repurchase under our share repurchase programs. Debt The following table presents the carrying value of our outstanding indebtedness. See Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. (in millions) December 31, 2023 June 30, 2024 Senior bank debt $ 350.0 $ 300.0 Senior notes 1,099.4 699.6 Junior subordinated notes 765.9 1,216.0 Junior convertible securities 341.7 341.7 The carrying value of our debt differs from the amount reported in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, as the carrying value of our debt in the table above is not reduced for debt issuance costs. Senior Bank Debt In the first quarter of 2024, we repaid $50.0 million of our senior unsecured term loan facility (the “term loan”). As of June 30, 2024 , we had a $1.25 billion revolver and a $300.0 million term loan (together, the “credit facilities”). The revolver matures on October 25, 2027 and the term loan matures on October 23, 2026. Subject to certain conditions, we may increase the commitments under the revolver by up to an additional $500.0 million and may borrow up to an additional $75.0 million under the term loan. As of June 30, 2024 , we had no outstanding borrowings under the revolver, and could borrow all capacity and remain in compliance with our credit facilities. Senior Notes In the first quarter of 2024, our $400.0 million 2024 senior notes matured and were fully repaid. As of June 30, 2024 , we had senior notes outstanding, the respective principal terms of which are presented and described below: Table of Contents 38 2025 Senior Notes 2030 Senior Notes Issue date February 2015 June 2020 Maturity date August 2025 June 2030 Par value (in millions) $ 350.0 $ 350.0 Stated coupon 3.50 % 3.30 % Coupon frequency Semi-annually Semi-annually The senior notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time, in the case of the 2025 senior notes, and at any time prior to March 15, 2030, in the case of the 2030 senior notes. Junior Subordinated Notes As of June 30, 2024 , we had junior subordinated notes outstanding, the respective principal terms of which are presented and described below: 2059 Junior Subordinated Notes 2060 Junior Subordinated Notes 2061 Junior Subordinated Notes 2064 Junior Subordinated Notes Issue date March 2019 September 2020 July 2021 March 2024 Maturity date March 2059 September 2060 September 2061 March 2064 Par value (in millions) $ 300.0 $ 275.0 $ 200.0 $ 450.0 Stated coupon 5.875 % 4.75 % 4.20 % 6.75 % Coupon frequency Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly NYSE Symbol MGR MGRB MGRD MGRE On March 20, 2024, we issued $450.0 million of 2064 junior subordinated notes with a maturity date of March 30, 2064. Interest was payable commencing on June 30, 2024, and we have the right to defer interest payments in accordance with the terms of the notes. The 2064 junior subordinated notes were issued at 100% of the principal amount and rank junior and subordinate in right of payment and upon liquidation to all of our current and future senior indebtedness. As of June 30, 2024 , the 2059 junior subordinated notes could be redeemed at any time, in whole or in part. The other junior subordinated notes may be redeemed at any time, in whole or in part, on or after September 30, 2025, in the case of the 2060 junior subordinated notes, on or after September 30, 2026, in the case of the 2061 junior subordinated notes, and on or after March 30, 2029, in the case of the 2064 junior subordinated notes. In each case, the junior subordinated notes may be redeemed at 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. Prior to the applicable redemption date, at our option, the applicable junior subordinated notes may also be redeemed, in whole but not in part, at 100% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if certain changes in tax laws, regulations, or interpretations occur; or at 102% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if a rating agency makes certain changes relating to the equity credit criteria for securities with features similar to the applicable notes. We have used, and in the future intend to use, the net proceeds from the 2064 junior subordinated notes for general corporate purposes, which may include the repayment or refinancing of indebtedness, share repurchases, and investments in new and existing Affiliates. Junior Convertible Securities As of June 30, 2024 , we had $341.7 million of principal outstanding in our 5.15% junior convertible trust preferred securities (the “junior convertible securities”), maturing in 2037. The junior convertible securities were issued by AMG Capital Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust, in October 2007. Each of the junior convertible securities represents an undivided beneficial interest in the assets of the trust. The trust’s only assets are junior subordinated convertible debentures issued to it by us, and have substantially the same payment terms as the junior convertible securities. We own all of the trust’s common securities, and have fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a subordinated basis, the payment obligations on the junior convertible securities. We do not consolidate the trust’s financial results into our Consolidated Financial Statements. Holders of the junior convertible securities have no rights to put these securities to us. Upon conversion, holders will receive cash or shares of our common stock, or a combination thereof, at our election. We may redeem the junior convertible securities, subject to our stock trading at or above certain specified levels over specified periods, and may also repurchase junior Table of Contents 39 convertible securities in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time at management’s discretion. We did not repurchase any of our junior convertible securities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2024 . Equity Distribution Program In the second quarter of 2022, we entered into equity distribution and forward equity agreements with several major securities firms under which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock (immediately or on a forward basis) having an aggregate sales price of up to $500.0 million (the “equity distribution program”). This equity distribution program superseded and replaced our prior equity distribution program. As of June 30, 2024 , no sales had occurred under the equity distribution program. Commitments See Note 8 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Other Contingent Commitments See Notes 5 and 8 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Leases As of June 30, 2024 , our lease obligations were $19.4 million for the remainder of 2024 , $61.0 million from 2025 through 2026, $43.8 million from 2027 through 2028, and $68.2 million thereafter. The portion of these lease obligations attributable to the controlling interest were $5.7 million for the remainder of 2024 , $13.9 million from 2025 through 2026, $4.1 million from 2027 through 2028, and $8.5 million thereafter. Recent Accounting Developments See Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments Our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10‑K includes additional information about our Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments, and should be read in conjunction with this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk There have been no material changes to our Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for the three months ended June 30, 2024 . Please refer to Item 7A of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10 -K and Item 3 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2024.