Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures,” as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2022. Disclosure controls and procedures ensure that the information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed and summarized within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, due to certain control deficiencies which aggregated to a material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as further described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022.
After giving full consideration to this material weakness, and the additional analyses and other procedures our management performed to ensure that the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were prepared in accordance with GAAP, our management has concluded that the material weakness did not result in any material misstatements to our previously issued financial statements, nor in the financial statements included in this Form 10-K.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate “internal control over financial reporting,” as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 based on the framework established in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013),” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). As a result of its review, management identified deficiencies in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 that in the aggregate constitute a material weakness as further discussed below. As a result, our management concluded that as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective.
The control deficiencies, which in aggregate constitute a material weakness, were identified in connection with the Company’s previously disclosed review of certain transactions related to its subsidiary WildHealth, which was acquired in February 2022, and primarily include a combination of ineffective operation of controls and inadequate controls related to: formal review, approval, and evaluation of non-core, complex transactions as well as engagement with government agencies; segregation of duties between accounting and contracting approval functions for non-core, complex transactions; and formal review, approval and evaluation of manual journal entries.
Remediation Plan
Our management is committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment. In response to the material weakness discussed above, management, with the oversight of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, has dedicated substantial attention and resources to improve our internal controls. The identified control deficiencies are already in the process of being remediated, primarily through the development and implementation of new controls and enhanced procedures
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for formal review, approval, and evaluation of non-core, complex transactions as well as engagement with government agencies, enhanced accounting staff, enhanced procedures for segregation of duties between accounting and contracting approval functions for non-core, complex transactions, and additional procedures and information technology systems for formal review, approval and evaluation of manual journal entries.
While the foregoing measures are intended to effectively remediate the material weakness described above, it is possible that additional or amended remediation steps will be necessary. As such, the Company will continue to evaluate and implement its remediation plan, and its management may decide to take additional measures to address the control deficiencies that led to the material weakness or modify the remediation steps described above. The material weakness cannot be considered fully remediated until the applicable remedial controls operate for a sufficient period and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively, and we cannot at this time estimate how long it will take to successfully remediate the material weakness. Until the material weakness is remediated, the Company plans to continue to perform procedures to help ensure that its consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In accordance with guidance issued by the SEC, companies are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their first assessment of internal control over financial reporting for the first fiscal year in which the acquisition occurred. Our evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 did not include the internal controls of WildHealth as this business was acquired in February 2022, as discussed in Note 9 – Acquisitions to the consolidated financial statements. This acquisition represented less than 1% of total assets excluding goodwill and intangibles, net, 2% of total revenue, and 10% of total net loss of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Limitations of the Effectiveness of Internal Control
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the internal control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations of any internal control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, have been detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 identified in connection with the evaluation thereof by our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. After December 31, 2022, the Company began the remediation steps described above.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
LivePerson, Inc.
New York, New York
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited LivePerson’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.
We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management’s statements referring to any corrective actions taken by the Company after the date of management’s assessment.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as “the financial statements”) and our report dated March 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A material weakness has been identified by management regarding certain transactions related to its subsidiary WildHealth, which was acquired in February 2022, and primarily include a combination of ineffective operation of controls and inadequate controls related to: formal review, approval, and evaluation of non-core, complex transactions as well as engagement with government agencies; segregation of duties between accounting and contracting approval functions for non-core, complex transactions; and formal review, approval and evaluation of manual journal entries. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2022 financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated March 16, 2023 on those financial statements.
As indicated in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of WildHealth, which was acquired on February 7, 2022, and which was included in the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. This acquisition constituted less than 1% of total assets as of December 31, 2022, and 2% and 10% of revenues and net loss, respectively, for the year then ended. Management did not assess the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of WildHeath because of the timing of
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the acquisition which was completed on February 7, 2022. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of WildHealth.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
New York, New York
March 16, 2023
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Item 9B. Other Information
John D. Collins, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, will serve as the Company’s principal accounting officer effective as of March 16, 2023 (the “Effective Date”) and remains the Company’s principal financial officer. Mr. Collins’ age and biographical information are set forth on page 6 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2022, in the section entitled “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” and such biographical information is hereby incorporated by reference into this Item. The terms of Mr. Collins’ employment agreement with the Company, which are not changed by his assumption of the role of principal accounting officer, are set forth in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 15, 2022, and such information is hereby incorporated by reference into this Item. Mr. Collins replaced Norman M. Osumi as the Company’s principal accounting officer as of the Effective Date. Mr. Osumi remains employed with the Company.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item 10 is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
There have been no changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors since our last disclosure of such procedures, which appeared in the definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, who is our principal executive officer, and other senior financial officers. Our Code of Ethics is available at: www.liveperson.com under “Investor Relations / Corporate Governance.” The Company’s website address provided above is not intended to function as a hyperlink, and the information on the Company’s website is not and should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference herein. The Company will post on this website any amendments to our Code of Ethics.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1. Financial Statements. Incorporated by reference to the index of consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statements Schedules. None.
3. Exhibits. Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature pages to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on March 16, 2023.
LIVEPERSON, INC.
By: /s/ Robert P. LoCascio
Name: Robert P. LoCascio
Title: Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Robert P. LoCascio and John D. Collins, and each or any of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, each acting alone, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments or supplements (including post-effective amendments) to this report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 16, 2023.
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Signature Title(s)
/s/ Robert P. LoCascio Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Robert P. LoCascio (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ John D. Collins Chief Financial Officer
John D. Collins (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Bruce Hansen Director
Bruce Hansen
/s/ Kevin C. Lavan Director
Kevin C. Lavan
/s/ Jill Layfield Director
Jill Layfield
/s/ James Miller Director
James Miller
/s/ Fred Mossler Director
Fred Mossler
/s/ Vanessa Pegueros Director
Vanessa Pegueros
/s/ William G. Wesemann Director
William G. Wesemann
/s/ Yael Zheng Director
Yael Zheng
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Number Description
3.1(a) Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 3.1(a) to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 and filed March 30, 2001 (File No. 000-30141))
3.1(b) Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation effective as of November 12, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to LivePerson’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on November 13, 2019 (File No. 333-234676))
3.2 Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 and filed on March 30, 2011 (File No. 000-30141))
4.1 Specimen common stock certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to LivePerson’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Registration No. 333-96689))
4.2 Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2000, by and among LivePerson, the several persons and entities named on the signature pages thereto as Investors, and Robert LoCascio (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to LivePerson’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Registration No. 333-96689))
4.3 Indenture, dated as of March 4, 2019, by and between LivePerson, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to LivePerson’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2019 (File No. 000-30141))
4.4 Form of 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (included within the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.3 hereto)
4.5 Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (incorporated by reference to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and filed on March 8, 2021 (File No. 000-30131))
4.6 Indenture, dated as of December 4, 2020, by and between LivePerson, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to LivePerson’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on December 10, 2020 (File No. 000-30141))
4.7 Form of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (included within the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.6 hereto)
10.1(a)* 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to LivePerson’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on June 9, 2009)
10.1(b)* 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (amended and restated as of June 7, 2012) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to LivePerson’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2012 (File No. 000-30141))
10.1(c)* Forms of Grant Agreements under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 6, 2011 (File No. 000-30141))
10.1(d)* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on March 15, 2018 (File No. 000-30141))
10.2* Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into with Executive Officers and Directors of LivePerson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and filed March 13, 2012)
10.3* Agreement between LivePerson and Monica L. Greenberg, dated as of October 25, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and filed March 13, 2012)
10.4* Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2011)
10.5* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Robert LoCascio (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on March 15, 2018 (File No. 000-30141))
10.6* Inducement Plan dated January 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on March 15, 2018 (File No. 000-30141))
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10.7* Amended Employment Agreement between LivePerson and Robert LoCascio, dated as of December 27, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on March 15, 2018 (File No. 000-30141))
10.8* Long Term Incentive Plan dated July 31, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 filed on August 6, 2018 (File No. 000-30141))
10.9 Form of Capped Call Transaction Confirmation relating to the 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2019 (000-30141))
10.10 Form of Additional Capped Call Transaction Confirmation relating to the 0.750% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2019 (000-30141))
10.11* Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement, by and between LivePerson, Inc. and Robert P. LoCascio, dated as of February 21, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to LivePerson’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, filed on May 7, 2019 (File No.000-30141))
10.12* 2009 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, by and between LivePerson, Inc. and Robert P. LoCascio, dated as of February 21, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to LivePerson’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, filed on May 7,2019 (File No. 000-30141))
10.13* LivePerson, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to LivePerson’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on August 14, 2020 (File No. 333-245808))
10.14* LivePerson, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to LivePerson’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on November 13, 2019 (File No. 333-234676))
10.15 Form of Base Capped Call Transaction Confirmation relating to the 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on December 10, 2020 (File No. 000-30141))
10.16 Form of Additional Capped Call Transaction Confirmation relating to the 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to LivePerson’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on December 10, 2020 (File No. 000-30141))
10.17 Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2022, by and among LivePerson, Inc. and the Starboard parties set forth on the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2022 (File No. 000-30141))
10.18* Letter between LivePerson and John D. Collins, dated as of August 9, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to LivePerson’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed on November 8, 2022 (File No. 000-30141))
10.19* Offer Letter between LivePerson and Norman Osumi, dated as of January 25, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to LivePerson’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed on May 2, 2022 (File No. 00030141))
10.20* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan
10.21* Form of Option Agreement under the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1
Consent of BDO USA, LLP, an Independent Registered P u blic Accounting Firm
24.1 Power of Attorney, pursuant to which amendments to this report may be filed (included on the signature page contained in Part IV of th is Annual Report on Form 10-K)
31.1 Certification by principal executive officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
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31.2 Certification by principal financial officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1** Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2** Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
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* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
** The certifications furnished as Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 accompany the Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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