Krystal Biotech, Inc. 10-Q

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Krystal Biotech, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) (in thousands, except par value) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 359,006 $ 358,328 Short-term investments 179,253 173,850 Accounts receivable, net 46,467 42,040 Inventory 11,037 6,985 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 6,485 6,706 Total current assets 602,248 587,909 Property and equipment, net 160,011 161,202 Long-term investments 83,996 61,954 Right-of-use assets 6,845 7,027 Other non-current assets 196 263 Total assets $ 853,296 $ 818,355 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 5,359 $ 4,132 Current portion of lease liability 1,430 1,474 Accrued rebates 11,289 5,977 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 29,511 21,511 Total current liabilities 47,589 33,094 Lease liability 6,465 6,620 Total liabilities 54,054 39,714 Commitments and contingencies (see note 7) Stockholders' equity Common stock; $ 0.00001 par value; 80,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 28,528 and 28,237 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. — — Additional paid-in capital 1,068,436 1,047,830 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) gain ( 299 ) 638 Accumulated deficit ( 268,895 ) ( 269,827 ) Total stockholders’ equity 799,242 778,641 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 853,296 $ 818,355 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 Krystal Biotech, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands, except per share data) 2024 2023 Product revenue, net $ 45,250 $ — Expenses Cost of goods sold 2,419 — Research and development 10,957 12,288 Selling, general, and administrative 26,058 24,035 Litigation settlement 12,500 12,500 Total operating expenses 51,934 48,823 Loss from operations ( 6,684 ) ( 48,823 ) Other income Interest and other income, net 7,616 3,526 Net income (loss) $ 932 $ ( 45,297 ) Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities and other ( 937 ) 574 Comprehensive loss $ ( 5 ) $ ( 44,723 ) Net income (loss) per common share: Basic $ 0.03 $ ( 1.76 ) Diluted $ 0.03 $ ( 1.76 ) Weighted-average common shares outstanding: Basic 28,295 25,712 Diluted 29,291 25,712 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 Krystal Biotech, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands) Shares Amount Balances as of January 1, 2024 28,237 $ — $ 1,047,830 $ 638 $ ( 269,827 ) $ 778,641 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net 260 — 15,969 — — 15,969 Vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes 39 — ( 4,181 ) — — ( 4,181 ) Shares of restricted stock awards surrendered for taxes ( 8 ) — ( 1,205 ) — — ( 1,205 ) Stock-based compensation — — 10,023 — — 10,023 Unrealized loss on investments and other (1) — — — ( 937 ) — ( 937 ) Net income — — — — 932 932 Balances as of March 31, 2024 28,528 $ — $ 1,068,436 $ ( 299 ) $ ( 268,895 ) $ 799,242 Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands) Shares Amount Balances as of January 1, 2023 25,764 $ — $ 803,718 $ ( 728 ) $ ( 280,759 ) $ 522,231 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net 42 — 2,208 — — 2,208 Shares of restricted stock awards surrendered for taxes ( 10 ) — ( 749 ) — — ( 749 ) Stock-based compensation — — 10,599 — — 10,599 Unrealized gain on investments and other (1) — — — 574 — 574 Net loss — — — — ( 45,297 ) ( 45,297 ) Balances as of March 31, 2023 25,796 $ — $ 815,776 $ ( 154 ) $ ( 326,056 ) $ 489,566 (1) Includes foreign currency translation losses of $ 62 thousand and $ 35 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 5 Krystal Biotech, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 Operating Activities Net income (loss) $ 932 $ ( 45,297 ) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Depreciation 1,427 1,093 Accretion on marketable securities ( 802 ) ( 606 ) Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 182 218 Stock-based compensation expense, net 9,299 10,437 Realized gain on investments ( 1,213 ) ( 809 ) Other, net ( 238 ) 1 Changes in operating assets and liabilities Accounts receivable ( 4,427 ) — Inventory ( 2,238 ) — Prepaid expenses and other current assets ( 264 ) ( 126 ) Other non-current assets 52 ( 46 ) Lease liability ( 199 ) ( 165 ) Accounts payable 727 107 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ( 5,162 ) ( 3,463 ) Accrued rebates 5,312 — Accrued litigation settlement 12,500 12,500 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 15,888 ( 26,156 ) Investing Activities Purchases of property and equipment ( 1,260 ) ( 5,381 ) Purchases of investments ( 88,335 ) ( 145,576 ) Maturities of investments 63,615 154,520 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ( 25,980 ) 3,563 Financing Activities Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net 15,969 2,223 Taxes paid for employee tax withholding related to restricted stock units ( 4,181 ) — Taxes paid related to settlement of restricted stock awards ( 1,205 ) ( 749 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 10,583 1,474 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 187 ( 36 ) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 678 ( 21,155 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 358,328 161,900 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 359,006 $ 140,745 Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing Activities Unpaid purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 8,456 $ 11,865 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 6 Krystal Biotech, Inc. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) 1. Organization Krystal Biotech, Inc. (the “Company,” or “we” or other similar pronouns) commenced operations in April 2016. In March 2017, the Company converted from a California limited liability company to a Delaware C-corporation, and changed its name from Krystal Biotech LLC to Krystal Biotech, Inc. In June 2018, the Company incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary in Australia for the purpose of undertaking preclinical and clinical studies in Australia. In April 2019, the Company incorporated Jeune Aesthetics, Inc. (“Jeune Aesthetics”), in Delaware, a wholly-owned subsidiary, for the purpose of undertaking preclinical and clinical studies for aesthetic skin conditions. In January 2022, August 2022, December 2022, August 2023, and March 2024 the Company incorporated wholly-owned subsidiaries in Switzerland, Netherlands, France, Germany, and Japan, respectively, for the purpose of establishing initial operations in Europe and Japan for the commercialization of the Company’s product pipeline. We are a fully integrated, commercial-stage biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, manufacturing and commercialization of genetic medicines to treat diseases with high unmet medical needs. Using our patented gene therapy technology platform that is based on engineered herpes simplex virus-1 (“HSV-1”), we create vectors that efficiently deliver therapeutic transgenes to cells of interest in multiple organ systems. The cell’s own machinery then transcribes and translates the transgene to treat the disease. Our vectors are amenable to formulation for non-invasive or minimally invasive routes of administration at a healthcare professional’s office or in the patient’s home by a healthcare professional. Our innovative technology platform is supported by two in-house, commercial scale Current Good Manufacturing Practice (“CGMP”) manufacturing facilities. Liquidity As of March 31, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $ 268.9 million. Our transition to operating profitability is dependent upon the continued successful commercialization of VYJUVEK as well as successful development, approval, and commercialization of our other product candidates. Management intends to fund future operations through its on hand cash and cash equivalents, revenue generated from the sale of VYJUVEK, the sale of equity, and may also seek additional capital through arrangements with strategic partners, debt financings, or other sources. There can be no assurance that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry, including but not limited to the failure of product candidates in clinical and preclinical studies, the development of competing product candidates or other technological innovations by competitors, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations and the ability to commercialize product candidates. The Company expects to incur significant costs to further its pipeline and to expand its commercialization capabilities in advance of the potential global regulatory approvals of VYJUVEK. The Company believes that its cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $ 538.3 million as of March 31, 2024 will be sufficient to allow the Company to fund its planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented, are reflected in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassified amounts have no impact on the Company’s previously reported financial position or results of operations. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 10-K”), as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2024. 7 Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Management considers many factors in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. In addition, other factors may affect estimates, including expected business and operational changes, sensitivity and volatility associated with the assumptions used in developing estimates, and whether historical trends are expected to be representative of future trends. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates in the period these variances become known. Estimates are used in the following areas, among others: variable consideration associated with revenue recognition, stock-based compensation expense, accrued expenses, the fair value of financial instruments and the valuation allowance included in the deferred income tax calculation. Concentration of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments, and accounts receivable, net. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent balances with high-quality financial institutions and, consequently, the Company believes that such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent amounts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are in excess of insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. The Company’s accounts receivable, net and marketable securities, which primarily consist of U.S. government agency securities and treasuries, corporate bonds and commercial paper, potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. As of March 31, 2024, the credit profile for the Company’s counterparty was deemed to be in good standing and, as such, an allowance for credit losses was not recorded. The Company had one customer for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and no product revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company has no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of loss. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2023 10-K. There were no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Recent Accounting Pronouncements There were no accounting pronouncements issued or adopted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The purpose of this guidance is to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures and provide comprehensive income tax information, particularly in relation to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. This new standard will be effective for fiscal years starting after December 15, 2024, with the option to apply it retrospectively. Early adoption is also allowed. Currently, the Company is assessing the potential impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statement disclosures. 3. Revenue Recognition Following FDA approval on May 19, 2023, the Company began commercial marketing and sales of VYJUVEK throughout the United States and began recognizing revenue in the third quarter of 2023. The following table summarizes changes in allowances and discounts for the three months ended March 31, 2024: (in thousands) Rebates Prompt Pay Other Accruals Total Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 5,977 $ 858 $ 279 $ 7,114 Provisions 5,746 1,565 211 7,522 Payments/Credits ( 434 ) ( 953 ) ( 75 ) ( 1,462 ) Balance, as of March 31, 2024 $ 11,289 $ 1,470 $ 415 $ 13,174 8 Rebates and other accruals are included in accrued rebates and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Prompt pay is recorded as an allowance against accounts receivable, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Provisions for rebates, prompt pay and other accruals are recorded as a reduction to product revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. 4. Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents consist of common stock issuable upon (1) exercise of stock options and (2) vesting of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units (collectively, “restricted stock”). For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there were (1) 154 thousand and 3.8 million common stock equivalents outstanding in the form of stock options and (2) 78 thousand and 291 thousand unvested restricted stock, that have each been excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands, except per share data) 2024 2023 Numerator: Net income (loss) $ 932 $ ( 45,297 ) Denominator: Weighted-average basic common shares 28,295 25,712 Dilutive effect of stock options and unvested restricted stock 996 — Weighted-average diluted common shares 29,291 25,712 Net income (loss) per common share—Basic $ 0.03 $ ( 1.76 ) Net income (loss) per common share—Diluted $ 0.03 $ ( 1.76 ) 5. Fair Value Instruments The following tables show the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities by significant investment category as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: March 31, 2024 (in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized (Losses) Aggregate Fair Value Cash and Cash Equivalents Short-term Marketable Securities (1) Long-term Marketable Securities (2) Level 1: Cash and cash equivalents $ 359,006 $ — $ — $ 359,006 $ 359,006 $ — $ — Subtotal 359,006 — — 359,006 359,006 — — Level 2: Commercial paper 18,747 — ( 7 ) 18,740 — 18,740 — Corporate bonds 115,918 132 ( 69 ) 115,981 — 70,182 45,799 U.S. government agency securities 128,682 29 ( 183 ) 128,528 — 90,331 38,197 Subtotal 263,347 161 ( 259 ) 263,249 — 179,253 83,996 Total $ 622,353 $ 161 $ ( 259 ) $ 622,255 $ 359,006 $ 179,253 $ 83,996 9 December 31, 2023 (in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized (Losses) Aggregate Fair Value Cash and Cash Equivalents Short-term Marketable Securities (1) Long-term Marketable Securities (2) Level 1: Cash and cash equivalents $ 358,328 $ — $ — $ 358,328 $ 358,328 $ — $ — Subtotal 358,328 — — 358,328 358,328 — — Level 2: Commercial paper 17,124 5 ( 1 ) 17,128 — 17,128 — Corporate bonds 111,824 407 ( 27 ) 112,204 — 70,996 41,208 U.S. government agency securities 106,079 423 ( 30 ) 106,472 — 85,726 20,746 Subtotal 235,027 835 ( 58 ) 235,804 — 173,850 61,954 Total $ 593,355 $ 835 $ ( 58 ) $ 594,132 $ 358,328 $ 173,850 $ 61,954 (1) The Company’s short-term marketable securities mature in one year or less. (2) The Company’s long-term marketable securities mature between one year and two years . 6. Balance Sheet Components Inventory Inventory consisted of the following: (in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Raw materials $ 4,489 $ 3,154 Work-in-process 6,387 3,204 Finished goods 161 627 Inventory $ 11,037 $ 6,985 Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: (in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Building and building improvements $ 111,232 $ 111,180 Leasehold improvements 25,363 25,068 Manufacturing equipment 25,281 24,905 Construction in progress 6,905 7,291 Laboratory equipment 3,064 2,339 Computer equipment and software 1,647 1,614 Furniture and fixtures 1,640 1,632 Total property and equipment 175,132 174,029 Accumulated depreciation ( 15,121 ) ( 12,827 ) Property and equipment, net $ 160,011 $ 161,202 Depreciation expense was $ 1.4 million and $ 1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense capitalized into inventory was $ 867 thousand and zero for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In March 2023, the Company received the permanent occupancy permit for its second commercial scale CGMP facility, ASTRA, which allowed the Company to begin utilizing certain portions of the building. As a result, and as qualification of assets occurred through 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the majority of assets relating to ASTRA were reclassified from construction in progress to leasehold improvements, manufacturing equipment, buildings and building 10 improvements, furniture and fixtures, or computer equipment and software as it was determined that assets were ready for their intended use. As certain pieces of equipment are not yet qualified, the Company will continue to hold the remaining assets within construction in progress until qualification has been completed and the assets are ready for their intended use. Estimated remaining payments related to ASTRA were $ 8.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and are recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: (in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Accrued litigation settlement $ 12,500 $ — Accrued construction-in-progress 4,998 5,182 Accrued payroll and benefits 3,433 8,778 Accrued professional fees 2,654 1,810 Other current liabilities 2,613 2,210 Accrued taxes 2,431 2,283 Accrued preclinical and clinical expenses 882 1,248 Total $ 29,511 $ 21,511 7. Commitments and Contingencies Agreements with Contract Manufacturing Organizations and Contract Research Organizations The Company enters into various agreements in the normal course of business with Contract Research Organizations (“CROs”), Contract Manufacturing Organizations (“CMOs”) and other third parties for preclinical research studies, clinical trials and testing and manufacturing services. The agreements with CMOs primarily relate to the manufacturing of our sterile gel that is mixed with in-house produced vectors as part of the final drug product for VYJUVEK. Agreements with third parties may also include research and development consulting activities, clinical-trial agreements, storage, packaging, labeling, and/or testing of our pre-commercial and clinical-stage products. The Company is obligated to make milestone payments under certain of these contracts. The Company may also be responsible for the payment of a monthly service fee for project management services for the duration of any agreements. The estimated remaining commitments as of March 31, 2024 under these agreements is approximately $ 1.1 million. The Company has incurred research and development expenses under these agreements of $ 1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and $ 2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Legal Proceedings In May 2020, a complaint was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania by PeriphaGen, Inc. (“PeriphaGen”) alleging breach of contract and misappropriation of trade secrets. On April 27, 2022, the Company and PeriphaGen entered into a final settlement agreement, and the Company paid PeriphaGen an upfront payment of $ 25.0 million on April 28, 2022 for: (i) the release of all claims in the trade secret litigation with PeriphaGen; (ii) the acquisition of certain PeriphaGen assets, and (iii) the grant of a license by PeriphaGen for dermatological applications. In accordance with the settlement agreement, on June 15, 2023, the Company paid PeriphaGen an additional $ 12.5 million following the FDA’s approval of VYJUVEK. The settlement agreement requires the Company to pay three additional $ 12.5 million contingent milestone payments upon reaching $ 100.0 million in total cumulative sales, $ 200.0 million in total cumulative sales and $ 300.0 million in total cumulative sales. As defined in the settlement agreement, cumulative sales shall include all revenue from sales of the Company’s products by the Company and its affiliates and licensees, as reported by the Company in its annual Form 10-K filings. If all milestones are achieved, the total consideration for settling the dispute, acquiring certain assets, and granting of a license from PeriphaGen will be $ 75.0 million, of which $ 37.5 million has been paid. The Company recorded litigation settlement expense of $ 12.5 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in accordance with the settlement agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies (“ASC 450”), the Company determined that reaching $ 100.0 million in total cumulative sales was probable, and recorded litigation settlement expense of $ 12.5 million relating to the milestone payment, which becomes payable following the filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K that reports the $ 100.0 million in total cumulative sales. The Company recorded litigation 11 settlement expense of $ 12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as it determined that FDA approval of B-VEC was probable. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has not recorded an accrual for the remaining two contingent milestone payments totaling $ 25.0 million. 8. Leases As of March 31, 2024, future minimum commitments under the Company’s operating leases with lease terms in excess of 12 months were as follows: (in thousands) Operating Leases 2024 (remaining nine months) $ 1,157 2025 1,277 2026 1,277 2027 1,300 2028 1,325 Thereafter 9,438 Future minimum operating lease payments 15,774 Less: Interest ( 7,879 ) Present value of lease liability $ 7,895 As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases was 12.2 years and 12.3 years, respectively, and the Company’s weighted-average discount rate for operating leases was 9.5 % as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The components of the Company’s lease expense are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 Lease cost: Operating lease expense $ 299 $ 463 Variable lease expense 40 59 Total lease expense $ 339 $ 522 9. Capitalization ATM Program On December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) with respect to an at-the-market equity offering program (“2020 ATM Program”), under which the Company issued and sold from time to time through Cowen, acting as agent and/or principal, shares of its common stock, par value $ 0.00001 per share (“Common Stock”), having an aggregate offering price up to $ 150.0 million (“Placement Shares”). The issuance and sale of the Placement Shares were made pursuant to the Company’s effective “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 that was filed with the SEC on May 4, 2020 (“2020 Shelf Registration Statement”). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no shares of Common Stock were issued pursuant to the 2020 ATM Program. The Company’s 2020 Shelf Registration Statement expired on May 4, 2023, and the Company put in place a new at-the-market equity offering program under substantially the same terms as the 2020 ATM Program (“New ATM Program”). Accordingly, on May 8, 2023, the Company entered into a new sales agreement with Cowen to issue and sell shares of the Company’s Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 150.0 million (“New Placement Shares”) from time to time, under which Cowen will act as the Company’s agent and/or principal. The New Placement Shares will be offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on April 6, 2023, and a prospectus supplement relating to the New Placement Shares that was filed with the SEC on May 8, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no shares of Common Stock were issued pursuant to the New ATM Program, resulting in $ 150.0 million available for issuance under the New ATM Program. 12 10. Stock-Based Compensation In 2017, the Company adopted the 2017 IPO Stock Plan (“Plan”), which governs the issuance of equity awards to employees, certain non-employee consultants, and directors. Initially, the Company reserved 900 thousand shares for issuance under the Plan with an initial sublimit for incentive stock options of 900 thousand shares. On an annual basis, the amount of shares available for issuance under the Plan increases by an amount equal to four percent of the total outstanding shares as of the last day of the preceding calendar year. The sublimit of incentive stock options is not subject to the increase. The Company has historically granted stock options and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) to its employees. In February 2023, the Company began issuing restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs” and with RSUs commonly referred to collectively as “restricted stock units”) to certain employees. Shares remaining available for grant under the Plan were 2.4 million as of March 31, 2024. Stock Options The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024: Stock Options Outstanding Weighted-average Exercise Price Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands) Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 2,606,592 $ 66.39 7.9 $ 150,405 Granted 126,742 $ 155.82 Exercised ( 259,581 ) $ 61.52 Cancelled or forfeited ( 245,659 ) $ 67.89 Outstanding as of March 31, 2024 2,228,094 $ 71.88 7.7 $ 236,279 Exercisable as of March 31, 2024 854,224 $ 61.08 6.8 $ 99,815 (1) Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing stock price of our common stock on December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024, respectively, and the exercise price of outstanding in-the-money options. The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023: Stock Options Outstanding Weighted-average Exercise Price Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands) Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 3,582,181 $ 61.15 8.7 $ 64,880 Granted 287,600 $ 81.83 Exercised ( 42,021 ) $ 53.54 Cancelled or forfeited ( 42,625 ) $ 65.59 Outstanding as of March 31, 2023 3,785,135 $ 62.75 8.5 $ 66,066 Exercisable as of March 31, 2023 961,428 $ 55.08 7.6 $ 24,033 (1) Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing stock price of our common stock on December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively, and the exercise price of outstanding in-the-money options. The total intrinsic value (the amount by which the fair market value exceeds the exercise price) of stock options exercised was $ 24.5 million and $ 1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of options granted to employees, non-employees, and directors was $ 106.92 and $ 56.86 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was $ 63.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees’, non-employees’, and directors’ options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years as of March 31, 2024. 13 Restricted Stock Awards The following table summarizes the Company’s RSA activity: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested RSAs, beginning of period 44,400 $ 78.89 66,600 $ 78.89 Granted — — Vested ( 14,523 ) $ 78.89 ( 12,649 ) $ 78.89 Surrendered for taxes ( 7,677 ) $ 78.89 ( 9,551 ) $ 78.89 Non-vested RSAs, end of period 22,200 $ 78.89 44,400 $ 78.89 There was $ 1.6 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees’ RSAs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 11 months as of March 31, 2024. Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU activity: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested RSUs, beginning of period 160,900 $ 81.91 — Granted 223,890 $ 159.59 186,900 $ 81.91 Vested ( 40,075 ) $ 81.91 — Forfeited ( 14,383 ) $ 86.27 — Non-vested RSUs, end of period 330,332 $ 134.37 186,900 $ 81.91 There was $ 43.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees’ RSU awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.7 years as of March 31, 2024. Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the Company’s PSU activity: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested PSUs, beginning of period 50,000 $ 81.91 — Granted 112,500 $ 159.47 60,000 $ 81.91 Vested ( 25,000 ) $ 81.91 — Forfeited — — Non-vested PSUs, end of period 137,500 $ 145.37 60,000 $ 81.91 For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 112,500 of PSUs, which vest ratably over two years based upon continued service through the vesting date and the achievement of specific regulatory and commercial performance criteria as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The performance criteria are to be completed by the end of the year in which the PSU awards were granted. As of the March 31, 2024, the Company estimated that 100 % of the newly granted PSUs will be eligible to vest. 14 There was $ 19.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to employees’ PSU awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years as of March 31, 2024. Stock-Based Compensation Expense, Net The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to its stock options, RSAs, RSUs, and PSUs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 Research and development $ 1,868 $ 2,496 Selling, general, and administrative 7,431 7,941 Total stock-based compensation $ 9,299 $ 10,437 After the FDA approval of VYJUVEK on May 19, 2023, the Company began capitalizing stock-based compensation associated with the allocation of labor costs related to work performed to manufacture VYJUVEK. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized stock-based compensation of $ 724 thousand and zero , respectively, into inventory. Historically, the Company also capitalized the portion of stock-based compensation related to work performed on the construction of our manufacturing facilities. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized stock-based compensation of zero and $ 162 thousand, respectively, into property and equipment, net. 11. Income Taxes The tax provision for interim periods is calculated using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. If there are any changes to the estimated annual tax rate, the Company will make a cumulative adjustment to the income tax provision in the period the change becomes known. The Company did not record an income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023 as it generated sufficient tax losses, after consideration of discrete items, during each of the periods. The Company expects to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets for the year. 12. Subsequent Events The Company evaluates events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date, but prior to the issuance of the financial statements, to identify matters that require recognition or disclosure. The Company concluded that no subsequent events have occurred, that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements. 15