Kayne Anderson BDC, Inc. 10-K

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as otherwise specified, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Kayne Anderson BDC, Inc. Investment Objective, Principal Strategy and Investment Structure Kayne Anderson BDC, Inc. was formed as a Delaware corporation that commenced operations on February 5, 2021. We are an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act, as amended. In addition, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we intend to qualify, annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. Our investment activities are managed by KA Credit Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”), an indirect controlled subsidiary of Kayne Anderson Capital Advisors, L.P. (“Kayne Anderson”), and the Advisor operates within Kayne Anderson’s middle market private credit platform (“KAPC” or “Kayne Anderson Private Credit”). The Advisor is an investment advisor registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisory Act of 1940, as amended. In accordance with the Advisers Act, our Advisor is responsible for originating prospective investments, conducting research and due diligence investigations on potential investments, analyzing investment opportunities, negotiating and structuring investments, and monitoring our investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. The Advisor benefits from the scale and resources of Kayne Anderson and specifically KAPC. The Board consists of seven directors, four of whom are independent. 64 Our investment objective is to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, capital appreciation. Nearly all of our debt investments are in middle market companies. We define “middle market companies” as companies that, in general, generate between $10 million and $150 million of annual earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA. Further, we refer to companies that generate between $10 million and $50 million of annual EBITDA as “core middle market companies” and companies that generate between $50 million and $150 million of annual EBITDA as “upper middle market companies.” We typically adjust EBITDA for non-recurring and/or normalizing items to assess the financial performance of our borrowers over time. We intend to achieve our investment objective by investing primarily in first lien senior secured loans, with a secondary focus on unitranche and split-lien loans to middle market companies. Under normal market conditions, we expect at least 90% of our portfolio (including investments purchased with proceeds from borrowings under credit facilities and issuance of senior unsecured notes) to be invested in first lien senior secured, unitranche and split-lien loans. Our investment decisions are made on a case-by-case basis. We expect that a majority of these debt investments will be made in core middle market companies and will generally have stated maturities of three to six years. We expect that the loans in which we principally invest will be to companies that have principal business activities in the United States. The Advisor executes on our investment objective by (1) accessing the established loan sourcing channels developed by KAPC, which includes an extensive network of private equity firms, other middle market lenders, financial advisors, intermediaries and management teams, (2) selecting investments within our middle market company focus, (3) implementing KAPC’s underwriting process and (4) drawing upon its experience and resources and the broader Kayne Anderson network. KAPC was established in 2011 and manages (directly and through affiliates) assets under management (“AUM”) of approximately $6.5 billion related to middle market private credit as of December 31, 2023. Recent Developments On February 14, 2024, we sold 7,089,771 shares of common stock for a total aggregate offering price of $118.7 million. As of the same date, we have subscription agreements with investors for an aggregate capital commitment of $1,046.9 million to purchase shares of common stock ($269.9 million is undrawn). 65 Portfolio and Investment Activity Our portfolio is currently comprised of a broad mix of loans, with diversity among investment size and industry focus. The Advisor’s team of professionals conducts due diligence on prospective investments during the underwriting process and is involved in structuring the credit terms of substantially all of our investments. Once an investment has been made, our Advisor closely monitors portfolio investments and takes a proactive approach identifying and addressing sector or company specific risks. The Advisor seeks to maintain a regular dialogue with portfolio company management teams (as well as their owners, the majority of whom are private equity firms, where applicable), reviews detailed operating and financial results on a regular basis (typically monthly or quarterly) and monitors current and projected liquidity needs, in addition to other portfolio management activities. There are no assurances that we will achieve our investment objectives. As of December 31, 2023, we had investments in 76 portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of approximately $1,363 million, and unfunded commitments to these portfolio companies of $148 million, and our portfolio consisted of 97.1% first lien senior secured loans, 1.6% junior debt and 1.3% equity investments. As of December 31, 2023, our weighted average yield of debt and income producing securities at fair value, and amortized cost was 12.5% and 12.7%, respectively, and 100% of our debt investments were at floating rates. As of December 31, 2023, our portfolio was invested across 26 different industries (Global Industry Classification “GICS”, Level 3 – Industry). The largest industries in our portfolio as of December 31, 2023 were Trading Companies & Distributors, Food Products and Commercial Services & Supplies, which represented, as a percentage of our portfolio of long-term investments, 15.3%, 11.5% and 9.4%, respectively, based on fair value. We are generalist investors and the industries in which our portfolio companies operate may change over time. As of December 31, 2023, our average position sized based on commitment (at the portfolio company level) was $20.1 million, and the weighted average and median last twelve months (“LTM”) EBITDA of our portfolio companies was $51.3 million and $39.5 million, respectively, based on fair value. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average loan-to-enterprise-value (“LTEV”) of our debt investments at the time of our initial investment was 44.0%, based on par. LTEV represents the total par value of our debt investment relative to our estimate of the enterprise value of the underlying borrower. As of December 31, 2023, we had one debt investment on non-accrual status, which represented 0.4% and 0.4% of total debt investments at cost and fair value, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, our portfolio companies had an average leverage of 4.3x and average interest leverage of 2.7x, the calculations for which are based on the most recent quarter end or latest available information from the portfolio companies. As of December 31, 2023, 100% of our debt investments included at least one financial maintenance covenant. Listed below are our top ten portfolio companies and industries represented as a percentage of total long-term investments as of December 31, 2023: Portfolio Company Industry Fair Value ($ in millions) Percentage of long-term investments 1 AIDC Intermediate Co 2, LLC (Peak Technologies) Software $ 34.7 2.5 % 2 Genuine Cable Group, LLC Trading companies & distributors $ 34.5 2.5 % 3 American Equipment Holdings LLC Commercial services & supplies $ 34.3 2.5 % 4 IF&P Foods, LLC (FreshEdge) Food products $ 33.8 2.5 % 5 BR PJK Produce, LLC (Keany) Food products $ 32.5 2.4 % 6 American Soccer Company, Incorporated (SCORE) Textiles, apparel & luxury goods $ 31.8 2.3 % 7 Improving Acquisition LLC IT services $ 31.5 2.3 % 8 Vitesse Systems Parent, LLC Aerospace & defense $ 31.2 2.3 % 9 CGI Automated Manufacturing, LLC Trading companies & distributors $ 31.1 2.3 % 10 Fastener Distribution Holdings, LLC Aerospace & defense $ 29.6 2.2 % $ 325.0 23.8 % 66 Our investment activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below (information presented herein is at par value unless otherwise indicated). For the years ended December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) 2022 ($ in millions) New investments: Gross new investments commitments $ 329.2 $ 771.1 Less: investment commitments sold down, exited or repaid (1) (123.0 ) (125.9 ) Net investment commitments 206.2 645.2 Principal amount of investments funded (2) : Private credit investments $ 404.2 $ 714.1 Liquid credit investments - - Preferred and common equity investments 0.6 6.0 Total principal amount of investments funded 404.8 720.1 Principal amount of investments sold / repaid (2) : Private credit investments (196.6 ) (126.4 ) Liquid credit investments - - Total principal amount of investments sold or repaid (196.6 ) (126.4 ) Number of new investment commitments 43 85 Average new investment commitment amount $ 7.7 $ 9.1 Weighted average maturity for new investment commitments (3) 3.9 years 4.1 years Percentage of new debt investment commitments at floating rates 100 % 99.1 % Percentage of new debt investment commitments at fixed rates 0 % 0.9 % Weighted average interest rate of new investment commitments (4) 11.7 % 10.8 % Weighted average spread over SOFR of new floating rate investment commitments 6.3 % 6.6 % Weighted average interest rate on investment sold or paid down (5) 11.9 % 9.4 % (1) Does not include repayments on revolving loans, which may be redrawn. (2) Does not include restructured activity. (3) For undrawn delayed draw term loans, the maturity date used is that of the associated term loan. (4) Based on the rate in effect at December 31 st of each year per our Consolidated Schedule of Investments for new commitments entered into during the year. (5) Based on the underlying rate if still held at December 31 st of each year. For those investments sold or paid down in full during the year, based on the rate in effect at the time of sale or paid down. 67 We use Global Industry Classification Standards (GICS), Level 3 – Industry, for classifying the industry groupings of our portfolio companies. The table below describes long-term investments by industry composition based on fair value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Trading companies & distributors 15.3 % 12.9 % Food products 11.5 % 10.9 % Commercial services & supplies 9.4 % 11.9 % Health care providers & services 7.4 % 9.8 % Containers & packaging 7.2 % 4.5 % Aerospace & defense 6.3 % 4.1 % Professional services 4.5 % 5.5 % IT services 3.8 % 3.9 % Machinery 3.8 % 2.2 % Leisure products 3.3 % 2.3 % Textiles, apparel & luxury goods 3.3 % 4.1 % Chemicals 3.1 % 2.9 % Personal care products 3.0 % 1.7 % Software 2.5 % 3.0 % Insurance 2.2 % 1.3 % Wireless telecommunication services 2.1 % 2.5 % Automobile components 2.0 % 2.3 % Building products 2.0 % 3.4 % Household durables 1.5 % 1.8 % Health care equipment & supplies 1.5 % 1.8 % Household products 1.2 % 1.6 % Biotechnology 0.9 % 1.0 % Specialty retail 0.7 % 0.7 % Capital markets 0.6 % - % Pharmaceuticals 0.5 % 0.6 % Diversified telecommunication services 0.4 % 2.6 % Electronic equipment, instruments & components - % 0.3 % Asset management & custody banks - % 0.4 % Total 100.0 % 100.0 % Results of Operations The comparison for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 can be found in “ Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, our total investment income was derived from our portfolio of investments. 68 The following table represents the operating results for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2023 2022 ($ in millions) ($ in millions) Total investment income $ 161.0 $ 74.8 Less: Net expenses (76.2 ) (34.6 ) Net investment income 84.8 40.2 Net realized gains (losses) on investments (10.7 ) 0.1 Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments 2.9 5.5 Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations $ 77.0 $ 45.8 Investment Income Investment income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $161.0 million and $74.8 million, respectively, and consisted primarily of interest income on our debt investments. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $1.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of PIK interest included in interest income. As of December 31, 2023, we had one debt investment on non-accrual status. As of December 31, 2022, all debt investments were income producing, and there were no loans on non-accrual status. Expenses Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows: For the years ended December 31, 2023 2022 ($ in millions) ($ in millions) Interest and debt financing expenses $ 52.3 $ 20.3 Management fees 11.4 7.1 Incentive fees 9.4 4.7 Directors fees 0.6 0.5 Other operating expenses 2.5 2.0 Total expenses $ 76.2 $ 34.6 Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments In November 2023, we completed a restructure of our investment in Arborworks Acquisition LLC whereby the existing term loan and revolver were restructured to a new term loan and preferred and common equity. The Company recognized a $10.7 million realized loss due to the debt restructure. Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments We fair value our portfolio investments quarterly and any changes in fair value are recorded as unrealized gains or losses. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, net unrealized gains (losses) on our investment portfolio were comprised of the following: For the years ended December 31, 2023 2022 ($ in millions) ($ in millions) Unrealized gains on investments $ 13.4 $ 15.1 Unrealized (losses) on investments (10.5 ) (9.6 ) Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments $ 2.9 $ 5.5 69 For these years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the top five largest contributors to the change in unrealized gains and change in unrealized losses on investments are presented in the following tables. For the year ended December 31, 2023 ($ in millions) Portfolio Company Arborworks Acquisition LLC $ 2.5 BLP Buyer, Inc. (Bishop Lifting Products) 0.9 Silk Holdings III Corp. (Suave) 0.9 Engineered Fastener Company, LLC (EFC International) 0.8 Vitesse Systems Parent, LLC 0.8 Other portfolio companies unrealized gains 7.5 Other portfolio companies unrealized (losses) (4.6 ) Trademark Global LLC (0.4 ) LSL Industries, LLC (LSL Healthcare) (0.5 ) Siegel Egg Co., LLC (1.4 ) American Soccer Company, Incorporated (SCORE) (1.5 ) Centerline Communications, LLC (2.1 ) Total Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss), net $ 2.9 For the year ended December 31, 2022 ($ in millions) Portfolio Company AIDC Intermediate Co 2, LLC (Peak Technologies) $ 1.0 American Soccer Company, Incorporated (SCORE) 1.0 BC CS 2, L.P. (Cuisine Solutions) 0.9 IF&P Foods, LLC (FreshEdge) 0.8 CGI Automated Manufacturing, LLC 0.8 Other portfolio companies unrealized gains 10.6 Other portfolio companies unrealized (losses) (4.4 ) 4 Over International, LLC (0.4 ) Curio Brands, LLC (0.4 ) PH Beauty Holdings III, Inc. (0.5 ) Trademark Global LLC (1.0 ) Arborworks Acquisition LLC (2.9 ) Total Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss), net $ 5.5 70 Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources Our liquidity and capital resources are generated primarily from the net proceeds of any offering of our shares of common stock, proceeds from borrowing under our credit facilities, proceeds from the issuance of senior unsecured notes and from cash flows from interest and fees earned from our investments and principal repayments and proceeds from sales of our investments. Our primary use of cash will be investments in portfolio companies, payments of our expenses, repayments of borrowings under credit facilities and senior unsecured notes, and payment of cash distributions to our stockholders. We finance our investments with leverage in the form of borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes. We also intend to further borrow under credit facilities and/or issue senior unsecured notes in the future in order to finance our investments. In accordance with the 1940 Act, we are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets (less total liabilities other than indebtedness) to total borrowings and other senior securities (and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future) of at least 150%. If this ratio declines below 150%, we cannot incur additional leverage and could be required to sell a portion of our investments to repay some leverage when it is disadvantageous to do so. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our asset coverage ratios were 198% and 203%. We currently intend to target asset coverage of 200% to 180% (which equates to a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.0x to 1.25x) but may alter this target based on market conditions. Over the next twelve months, we expect that cash and cash equivalents, taken together with our undrawn capital commitments and available capacity under our credit facilities, will be sufficient to conduct anticipated investment activities. Beyond twelve months, we expect that our cash and liquidity needs will continue to be met by cash generated from our ongoing operations as well as financing activities. As of December 31, 2023, we had $75 million Notes outstanding, $620.8 million borrowed under our credit facilities and cash and cash equivalents of $46.9 million (including short-term investments). As of February 22, 2024, we had $75 million Notes outstanding, $600.0 million borrowed under our credit facilities and cash and cash equivalents of $29.8 million (including short-term investments). Capital Contributions During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we issued and sold 5,422,524 and 16,305,034 shares of our common stock, respectively, related to capital called at an aggregate purchase price of $90.6 million and $268.2 million, respectively. On December 5, 2023, we completed our final close of subscription agreements with investors. As of February 22, 2024, we had aggregate capital commitments of $1,046.9 million, and we had undrawn capital commitments of $269.9 million from investors ($777.0 million or 74.2% funded). Senior Unsecured Notes As of December 31, 2023, we have $75 million of senior unsecured notes outstanding, with $25 million of 8.65% Series A Notes due June 2027 (the “Series A Notes”) and $50 million of 8.74% Series B Notes due June 2028 (the “Series B Notes”, and collectively with the Series A Notes, the “Notes”). Credit Facilities Corporate Credit Facility: As of December 31, 2023, we are party to a senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Corporate Credit Facility”), that has a total commitment of $400 million. The facility’s commitment termination date and the final maturity date are February 18, 2026 and February 18, 2027, respectively. The Corporate Credit Facility also provides for a feature that allows us, under certain circumstances, to increase the overall size of the Corporate Credit Facility to a maximum of $550 million. The interest rate on the Corporate Credit Facility is equal to Term SOFR (a forward-looking rate based on SOFR futures) plus an applicable spread of 2.35% per annum or an “alternate base rate” (as defined in the agreements governing the Corporate Credit Facility) plus an applicable spread of 1.25%. We are also required to pay a commitment fee of 0.375% per annum on any unused portion of the Corporate Credit Facility. Revolving Funding Facility: As of December 31, 2023, we and our wholly owned, special purpose financing subsidiary, Kayne Anderson BDC Financing, LLC (“KABDCF”), are party to a senior secured revolving funding facility (the “Revolving Funding Facility”), that has a total commitment of $455 million. The Revolving Funding Facility is secured by all of the assets held by, and the membership interest in, KABDCF. The end of the reinvestment period and the stated maturity date for the Revolving Funding Facility are February 18, 2025 and February 18, 2027, respectively. The interest rate on the Revolving Funding Facility is equal to daily SOFR plus 2.75% per annum. KABDCF is also required to pay a commitment fee of between 0.50% and 1.50% per annum depending on the size of the unused portion of the Revolving Funding Facility. Revolving Funding Facility II: On December 22, 2023, we and our wholly owned, special purpose financing subsidiary, Kayne Anderson BDC Financing II, LLC (“KABDCF II”), entered into a new senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Funding Facility II”). The Revolving Funding Facility II has an initial commitment of $150 million which, under certain circumstances, can be increased up to $500 million. The Revolving Funding Facility II is secured by all of the assets held by KABDCF II and the Company has agreed that it will not grant or allow a lien on the membership interest of KABDCF II. The end of the reinvestment period and the stated maturity date for the Revolving Funding Facility II are December 22, 2026, and December 22, 2028, respectively. The interest rate on the Revolving Funding Facility II is equal to 3-month term SOFR plus 2.70% per annum. KABDCF II is also required to pay a commitment fee of 0.50% between December 22, 2023 and September 22, 2024 and 0.75% thereafter on the unused portion of the Revolving Funding Facility II. 71 Subscription Credit Agreement: As of December 31, 2023, we are party to a senior secured revolving credit agreement that includes a capital call facility (the “Subscription Credit Agreement”). The Subscription Credit Agreement permits us to elect the commitment amount each quarter to borrow up to $50 million, subject to availability under the borrowing base which is calculated based on the unused capital commitments of the investors meeting various eligibility requirements. The Subscription Credit Agreement has a maximum commitment of $50 million and the interest rate under the facility is equal to Term SOFR plus 2.25% (subject to a 0.275% floor). We are also required to pay a commitment fee of 0.25% per annum on the unused portion of the Subscription Credit Agreement. We also pay an extension fee of 0.075% per quarter on the elected commitment amount on the first day of each calendar quarter. The Subscription Credit Agreement will expire on December 31, 2024. Contractual Obligations A summary of our significant contractual principal payment obligations related to the repayment of our outstanding indebtedness at December 31, 2023 is as follows: Payments Due by Period ($ in millions) Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years After 5 years Senior Unsecured Notes $ 75.0 $ - $ - $ 75.0 $ - Corporate Credit Facility 234.0 - - 234.0 - Revolving Funding Facility 306.0 - - 306.0 - Revolving Funding Facility II 70.0 - - 70.0 - Subscription Credit Agreement 10.8 - 10.8 - - Total contractual obligations $ 695.8 $ - $ 10.8 $ 685.0 $ - Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had an aggregate $147.9 million and $149.3 million, respectively, of unfunded commitments to provide debt financing to our portfolio companies. Such commitments are generally subject to the satisfaction of certain financial and nonfinancial covenants and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in our financial statements. Other than contractual commitments and other legal contingencies incurred in the normal course of our business, we do not have any other off-balance sheet financings or liabilities. Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets, and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ. Our critical accounting policies, including those relating to the valuation of our investment portfolio, are described below. The critical accounting policies should be read in conjunction with our risk factors in this Annual Report. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, for more information on our critical accounting policies. Investment Valuation Traded Investments (Level 1 or Level 2) Investments for which market quotations are readily available will typically be valued at those market quotations. Traded investments such as corporate bonds, preferred stock, bank notes, broadly syndicated loans or loan participations are valued by using the bid price provided by an independent pricing service, by an independent broker, the agent bank, syndicate bank or principal market maker. When price quotes for investments are not available, or such prices are stale or do not represent fair value in the judgment of our Advisor, fair market value will be determined using our Advisor’s valuation process for investments that are privately issued or otherwise restricted as to resale. We may also invest, to a lesser extent, in equity securities purchased in conjunction with debt investments. While we anticipate these equity securities to be issued by private companies, we may hold equity securities that are publicly traded. Equity securities listed on any exchange other than the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. (“NASDAQ”) are valued, except as indicated below, at the last sale price on the business day as of which such value is being determined. If there has been no sale on such day, the securities are valued at the mean of the most recent bid and ask prices on such day. Securities admitted to trade on the NASDAQ are valued at the NASDAQ official closing price. Equity securities traded on more than one securities exchange are valued at the last sale price on the business day as of which such value is being determined at the close of the exchange representing the principal market for such securities. Equity securities traded in the over-the-counter market, but excluding securities admitted to trading on the NASDAQ, are valued at the closing bid prices. 72 Non-Traded Investments (Level 3) Investments that are privately issued or otherwise restricted as to resale, as well as any security for which (a) reliable market quotations are not available in the judgment of our Advisor, or (b) the independent pricing service or independent broker does not provide prices or provides a price that in the judgment of our Advisor is stale or does not represent fair value, shall each be valued in a manner that most fairly reflects fair value of the security on the valuation date. We expect that a significant majority of our investments will be Level 3 investments. Unless otherwise determined by the Advisor, the following valuation process is used for our Level 3 investments: ● Valuation Designee . The applicable investments will be valued no less frequently than quarterly by the Advisor, with new investments valued at the time such investment was made. The value of each Level 3 investment will be initially reviewed by the persons responsible for such portfolio company or investment. The Advisor will use a standardized template designed to approximate fair market value based on observable market inputs, updated credit statistics and unobservable inputs to determine a preliminary value. The Advisor will specify the titles of the persons responsible for determining the fair value of Company’s investments, including by specifying the particular functions for which they are responsible, and will reasonably segregate fair value determinations from the portfolio management of the Company such that the portfolio manager(s) may not determine, or effectively determine by exerting substantial influence on, the fair values ascribed to portfolio investments. ● Valuation Firm . Quarterly, a third-party valuation firm engaged by the Advisor reviews the valuation methodologies and calculations employed for each of the Company’s investments that the Advisor has placed on the “watch list” and approximately 25% of the Company’s remaining investments. The third-party valuation firm will review and independently value all of the Level 3 investments at least once per year, on a rolling twelve-month basis. The quarterly report issued by the third-party valuation firm will provide positive assurance on the fair values of the investments reviewed. ● Oversight . The Board has appointed the Advisor as the valuation designee for the Company for purposes of making determinations of fair value as permitted by Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. The Audit Committee shall aid the Board in overseeing the Advisor’s fair valuation of securities that are not publicly traded or for which current market values are not readily available. The Audit Committee shall meet quarterly to review the fair value determinations, processes and written reports of the Advisor as part of the Board’s oversight responsibilities. Refer to Note 5 – Fair Value – for more information on the Company’s valuation process. Revenue Recognition We record interest income on an accrual basis to the extent that we expect to collect such amounts. For loans and debt securities with contractual PIK interest, which represents contractual interest accrued and added to the principal balance, we generally will not accrue PIK interest for accounting purposes if the portfolio company valuation indicates that such PIK interest is not collectible. We do not accrue as a receivable interest on loans and debt securities for accounting purposes if we have reason to doubt our ability to collect such interest. OIDs, market discounts or premiums are accreted or amortized using the effective interest method as interest income. We record prepayment premiums on loans and debt securities as interest income. Related Party Transactions Investment Advisory Agreement. On February 5, 2021, we entered into the Investment Advisory Agreement with our Advisor. On March 7, 2023, the Board approved a one-year renewal of the Investment Advisory Agreement through March 15, 2024. Our Advisor will agree to serve as our investment advisor in accordance with the terms of our Investment Advisory Agreement. Payments under our Investment Advisory Agreement in each reporting period will consist of the base management fee equal to a percentage of the fair market value of investments, including, in each case, assets purchased with borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes, but excluding cash, U.S. government securities and commercial paper instruments maturing within one year of purchase as well as an incentive fee based on our performance. For services rendered under the Investment Advisory Agreement, we will pay a base management fee quarterly in arrears to our Advisor based on the of the fair market value of our investments including, in each case, assets purchased with borrowings under credit facilities and issuances of senior unsecured notes, but excluding cash, U.S. government securities and commercial paper instruments maturing within one year of purchase. We will also pay an incentive fee on income and an incentive fee on capital gains to our Advisor. Prior to an initial public offering or listing on an exchange of our common stock (an “exchange listing”), any incentive fees earned by the Advisor shall accrue as earned but only become payable in cash to the Advisor upon consummation of an exchange listing. To the extent the Company does not complete an exchange listing, the incentive fees will be payable to the Advisor (a) upon consummation of a sale of the Company or (b) once substantially all proceeds from a Company liquidation payable to the Company’s common stockholders have been distributed to such stockholders. 73 Administration Agreement. On February 5, 2021, we entered into the Administration Agreement with our Advisor, which serves as our Administrator and will provide or oversee the performance of its required administrative services and professional services rendered by others, which will include (but are not limited to), accounting, payment of our expenses, legal, compliance, operations, technology and investor relations, preparation and filing of its tax returns, and preparation of financial reports provided to its stockholders and filed with the SEC. On March 7, 2023, the Board approved a one-year renewal of the Administration Agreement through March 15, 2024. We will reimburse the Administrator for its costs and expenses incurred in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, which may include its allocable portion of office facilities, overhead, and compensation paid to or compensatory distributions received by its officers (including our Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer) and its respective staff who provide services to the Company. As the Company reimburses the Administrator for its expenses, such costs (including the costs of sub-administrators) will be ultimately borne by common stockholders. The Administrator does not receive compensation from us other than reimbursement of its expenses. The Administration Agreement may be terminated by either party with 60 days’ written notice. Since the inception of the Company, the Administrator has engaged sub-administrators to assist the Administrator in performing certain of its administrative duties. During this period, the Administrator has not sought reimbursement of its expenses other than expenses incurred by the sub-administrators. On March 28, 2023, the Administrator engaged Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC under a sub-administration agreement. Under the terms of the sub-administration agreement, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC will provide fund administration and fund accounting services. The Company pays fees to Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, which constitute reimbursable expenses under the Administration Agreement. The Administrator may enter into additional sub-administration agreements with third-parties to perform other administrative and professional services on behalf of the Administrator.