Item 1. Legal Proceedings
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company involved
with various legal proceedings:
(i)
Action Case: CACV
1116/2025 (on appeal from HCA702/2018)
On March 27, 2018, the writ of summons was
issued against the Company and seven related companies of the former shareholder (the “Defendants”) by the Plaintiff. This
action alleged the infringement of certain registered trademarks currently registered under the Plaintiff. On February 23, 2023, the
Court granted leave for this action be set down for trial of 13 days, and the trial will commence on November 25, 2024. On October 31,
2025, the Court granted judgement in favor of the Plaintiff. On November 28, 2025, the Defendants lodged and served the Notice of Appeal
(CACV 1116/2025) to the Court of Appeal. Legal counsel of the Company will continue to handle in this matter. At this stage in the proceedings,
it is unable to determine the probability of the outcome of the appeal or the range of reasonably possible loss as the Court is in the
process of quantifying the amount of damages.
(ii)
Action Case: HCA765/2019
On April 30, 2019, the writ of summons was
issued against the Company’s subsidiary, three related companies and the former directors, stockholders and financial consultant
by the Plaintiff. This action alleged the deceit and misrepresentation from an inducement of the fund subscription and claimed for compensatory
damage of approximately $2.6 million. On April 18, 2024, the court made an order that the plaintiff shall set the case down for trial
on or before July 6, 2024 for a 7 days trial before a judge and there shall be a pre-trial review before the trial judge on a date 12
weeks before the trial. The plaintiff and the defendants agreed on a time extension until August 8, 2024 to set the case down for trial.
On August 9, 2024, the Court made an order that the case be adjourned to January 14, 2025 for another case management conference. On
February 17, 2025, the Company filed an amended defence to the court and the next case management conference is fixed to be heard on
January 6, 2026. The case is on-going and parties have yet to attempt mediation. Legal counsel of the Company will continue to handle
this matter. At this stage in the proceedings, it is unable to determine the probability of the outcome of the matter or the range of
reasonably possible loss, if any.
(iii)
Action Case: HCA2097
and 2098/2020
On December 15, 2020, the writs of summons
were issued against the Company and the former consultant by the Plaintiff. This action alleged the misrepresentation and conspiracy
causing the loss from the investment in corporate bond and claimed for compensatory damage of approximately $1.7 million. The Company
previously made approximately $0.8 million as contingency loss for the year ended December 31, 2021. Parties participated in a mediation
held on March 25, 2022 and negotiated for settlement through without prejudice correspondence, no settlement was reached. The pre-trial
review is fixed to be heard on January 29, 2026 and the 6-days trial is fixed to be heard from May 14 to 21, 2026. The case is on-going
and legal counsel of the Company will continue to handle this matter. As of June 30, 2025, the Company accrued a legal provision of approximately
$0.8 million as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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(iv)
Sony Music Entertainment
In connection with the Merger Transaction,
the Company assumed the liabilities of Triller Corp, including the legal contingency accrual stemming from the litigation with Sony Music
Entertainment (“Sony”) alleging claims for breach of contract, copyright infringement, contributory copyright infringement,
and vicarious copyright infringement. The court entered judgement pursuant to stipulation in the amount of approximately $3.6 million
requiring Triller Corp to make monthly payments through May 21, 2025. Triller Corp defaulted on the payments and judgement was entered
against Triller Corp on August 27, 2024 for the full amount due. As of June 30, 2025, approximately $3.6 million is included as a liability
in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(v)
Sony Music Publishing
Europe Limited (“SOLAR”)
In connection with the Merger Transaction,
the Company assumed the liabilities of Triller Corp, including the legal contingency accrual stemming from the complaint filed by SOLAR
in the London, United Kingdom Circuit Common Court alleging claims of songwriter/producer music publishing rights infringement. A default
judgement for £3.8 million was ruled in SOLAR’s favor and SOLAR filed an action in the Superior Court of California for the
County of Los Angeles for recognition of this foreign country money judgment in the amount of approximately $4.4 million. As of June
30, 2025, this amount is included as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(vi)
Music Licensing
Triller Corp has outstanding contractual obligations
to various record labels, music publishers and performing rights organizations (collectively, “Rightsholders”) who have licensed
to Triller Corp the right to use sound recordings and musical compositions in connection with the operation of the Triller app and other
aspects of the Company’s business. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has recorded liabilities in the amount of approximately $30.0
million for unpaid amounts owed under its music licenses. Triller Corp is also involved in various legal proceedings and has received
threats of litigation from Rightsholders. Triller Corp believes it may be or become liable to Rightsholders for additional amounts such
as interest, penalty fees, attorneys’ fees, copyright infringement damages and other amounts, but is currently unable to estimate
the probability of loss associated with these actions or the range or reasonably possible losses, if any, or the impact such losses may
have on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
(vii)
Fox Plaza Lease
In connection with the Merger Transaction,
the Company assumed the liabilities of Triller Corp, including the legal contingency accrual stemming from the ongoing litigation with
Fox Plaza, LLC due to an alleged breach of a commercial office lease agreement as a result of an alleged failure to pay rents under the
agreement. The plaintiff seeks damages in excess of approximately $3.5 million, plus attorney’s fees, costs of suit, and additional
damages to be proven at trial. Triller Corp intends to vigorously defend itself in this matter. The Company has accrued approximately
$1.8 million as a liability pertaining to this claim on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. It is reasonably possible that the
potential loss may exceed the accrued liability amount.
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(viii)
Concentrix Daksh
In connection with the Merger Transaction,
the Company assumed the liabilities of Triller Corp, including the legal contingency accrual stemming from the arbitration with Concentrix
Daksh Services India Private Ltd. (“Concentrix”). Concentrix alleges wrongful early termination of a services agreement and
seeks damages of approximately $2.0 million in lost profits, plus interest and fees. The Company has accrued approximately $2.0 million
as a liability pertaining to this matter. While the Company intends to defend the claim vigorously, management believes the recorded
amount represents the probable loss as of June 30, 2025.
(ix)
Epic Sports &
Entertainment
In connection with the Merger Transaction,
the Company assumed the liabilities of Triller Hold Co LLC and Triller Fight Club LLC related to litigation with Epic Sports & Entertainment,
Inc. (“Epic”) for alleged breach of a settlement agreement. Epic initially claimed damages of approximately $1.8 million,
and recent settlement discussions indicate a potential settlement range of approximately $0.6 to $2.0 million. As of June 30, 2025, the
Company accrued a legal provision of approximately $1.9 million as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(x)
Samsung Arbitration
Award
In connection with the Merger Transaction,
the Company assumed the liabilities of Triller Corp, including the legal contingency accrual stemming from the arbitration with Samsung
Electronics Co., Ltd due to a breach of a commercial agreement and failure to pay the amounts owed under the contract. The U.S. District
Court for the Central District of California confirmed the award and entered a judgment of approximately $2.6 million in May 2024, accruing
interest at $368.43 per day, at a rate of 5.17% per annum until repaid. A writ of execution was issued on August 2, 2024, and a Judgment
Debtor Examination is scheduled for February 24, 2025. The Company provided financial records in December 2024 in response to a subpoena.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company accrued approximately $3.0 million as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(xi)
Prem Parameswaren
In connection with the Merger Transaction,
the Company assumed potential liabilities related to claims asserted by Prem Parameswaran, the former Chief Executive Officer of Triller
Corp for alleged unpaid compensation. To avoid litigation, the parties reached an agreement in principle for a settlement consisting
of $500,000 in cash and 625,000 stock units, subject to approval by AGBA Group Holding Limited. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has
accrued approximately $2.4 million as a liability pertaining to this matter, representing the probable settlement amount.
(xii)
Triller Legacy, LLC
Settlement Agreement
On July 26, 2024, Triller Hold Co, LLC and
Triller Acquisition, LLC entered into a settlement agreement with Triller Legacy, LLC (“Legacy”), original sellers of Triller
Corp, regarding the 2019 acquisition of Triller Corp from Legacy. The Company agreed to issue 3.89 million shares of Series A common
stock to Legacy. Legacy intends to sell 1.75 million shares for a minimum return of approximately $7.0 million by the end of June 30,
2025. The Company must compensate Legacy for any shortfall of share sales below $7.0 million. The Company has the option to purchase
up to 1.75 million shares from Legacy at $4.00 per share through December 31, 2024 and $4.75 per share through June 30, 2025. The Company
can also opt to pay Legacy $7.0 million. The Company has included the estimated guaranteed payment liability in its accounts payable
and legal contingencies.
(xiii)
Bobby Sarnevesht
The Company is subject to claims asserted
by Bobby Sarnevesht for alleged breach of a merger agreement and related contracts. The Company disputes the claims and the matter remains
unresolved. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has accrued approximately $3.0 million as a liability pertaining to this dispute, which
represents management’s best estimate of the probable loss.
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(xiv)
YA II PN, LTD. v.
Triller Group Inc.; Triller Corp.; Triller Hold Co LLC; Convoy Global Holdings Limited, Index No. 659314/2024 in the New York Supreme
Court, Commercial Division
On November 26, 2024, Yorkville (“Plaintiff”)
initiated litigation against the Company, Triller Corp., Triller Hold Co LLC, and Convoy Global Holdings Limited (“Defendants”)
by filing a motion for summary judgment in lieu of a complaint pursuant to NY CPLR 3213 (the “Motion”), seeking a judgment
finding Defendants liable for all amounts allegedly owed under the convertible promissory note (the “Note”), dated June 28,
2024, including interest, plus costs, legal fees, and expenses incurred by Yorkville in enforcing the Note’s terms. On February
24, 2025, Defendants filed their opposition to the Motion, arguing that the Motion should be denied because Plaintiff’s reliance
on CPLR 3213 was improper and because, even if Plaintiff’s reliance on CPLR 3213 were proper, triable disputes of fact preclude
summary judgment in Plaintiff’s favor. On March 7, 2025, Plaintiff filed a reply in support of the Motion. On May 19, 2025, Yorkville’s
initial motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint, seeking immediate payment, was denied by the Supreme Court of the State of
New York, New York County. The court determined that Yorkville’s right to payment depended on a detailed analysis of obligations
under multiple intertwined documents, including the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note, Second A&R SEPA, Registration Rights Agreement,
and Pledge Agreements, thus converting the case to a plenary action. Yorkville filed a notice of appeal on May 28, 2025 and a new motion
for summary judgment on July 1, 2025, asserting the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note’s maturity date of June 28, 2025 (the
“Maturity Date”).
On June 20, 2025, the Company transferred
3,000,000 shares of common stock of BKFC, previously pledged by Triller Hold Co LLC as collateral pursuant to the Amended and Restated
Pledge Agreement, dated June 28, 2024, between Triller Hold Co LLC and Yorkville, as partial repayment. The case does not have a trial
date set. Defendants intend to litigate the case until a resolution is reached.
On December 3, 2025, the Plaintiff filed responses
and objections (the “Responses and Objections”) to the Defendants’ first set of interrogatories dated November 3, 2025
to the Supreme Court of the State of New York County of New York (Index no.: 659314/2024). Pursuant to the Responses and Objections,
the Plaintiff stated its claims and contentions with respect to its damage resulting from the event of default that occurred under the
Note when the Defendants failed to pay all amounts due by the Maturity Date. The total amount owed under the Note, including interest,
plus costs, legal fees, and expenses incurred by Yorkville less the value of BKFC’s shares is approximately $38.1 million. Yorkville
further stated that it continues to accrue additional damages with each passing day that the obligations under the Note and guaranties
remain unpaid. The case is on-going and legal counsel of the Company will continue to handle this matter. At this stage in the proceedings,
it is unable to determine the probability of the outcome of the matter or the range of reasonable possible loss, if any.
(xv)
13080 Advisors LLC
v. Triller Group, Inc., Jams Reference No. 5220008039 (Los Angeles County, California)
On December 18, 2024, 13080 Advisors LLC (“Claimant”)
submitted a Notice of Arbitration and Demand for Arbitration (“13080 Arbitration Demand”) to JAMS to assert that Triller
and TAG Holdings Limited (collectively as “Respondents”) have breached their alleged duties to Claimant under the following
alleged agreements: (1) a partially executed document entitled “Grant Agreement for S-8 Registered Shares” dated March 14,
2024, and (2) a partially executed document entitled “Consulting Services Agreement” also dated March 14, 2024. The 13080
Arbitration Demand asserts four purported claims for relief: breach of contract, negligent misrepresentation, specific performance and
declaratory relief. On February 18, 2025, Respondents submitted to JAMS a motion to dismiss all the claims for relief asserted in the
13080 Arbitration Demand along with a motion to strike Claimant’s requests for punitive damages. This motion remains pending and
no arbitrator has been appointed. The case is on-going and legal counsel of the Company will continue to handle this matter. At this
stage in the proceedings, it is unable to determine the probability of the outcome of the matter or the range of reasonable possible
loss, if any.
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Subsequent to June 30, 2025, the Company is
involved in the following material legal proceedings:
Robert E. Diamond Jr.et al. v. Triller
Group, Inc., Case No. 25-cv-00129 (PAE) (S.D.N.Y.)
On January 7, 2025, Robert E. Diamond Jr (“Diamond”),
the former chairman of Triller’s board of directors and Atlas Merchant Capital LLC (collectively as “Plaintiffs”),
an advisory services company under Diamond’s control filed a lawsuit in federal district court in Manhattan, New York to allege
that Triller has failed to pay over or grant to Plaintiffs certain cash amounts and equity awards to which Plaintiffs were entitled pursuant
to various agreements between Plaintiffs and Triller. Plaintiffs claim that they are entitled to over $5.0 million in cash compensation
and over 6.0 million shares of Triller’s common stock. On February 28, 2025, Triller filed a partial motion to dismiss the scope
of Plaintiffs’ claims. This motion is now pending before the court. The case is on-going and legal counsel of the Company will
continue to handle this matter. At this stage in the proceedings, it is unable to determine the probability of the outcome of the matter
or the range of reasonable possible loss, if any.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
As smaller reporting company we are not required
to make disclosures under this Item.
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.