INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS & SUPPORT INC 10-Q

Item 1 - Financial Statements INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 31, ​ September 30, ​ 2023 2022 ​ ​ (Unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ASSETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 19,791,346 ​ $ 17,250,546 Accounts receivables ​ ​ 3,966,646 ​ ​ 4,297,457 Contract assets ​ 162,742 ​ ​ 162,742 Inventories ​ 5,899,835 ​ ​ 5,349,104 Prepaid expenses and other current assets ​ 1,243,343 ​ ​ 1,142,470 Total current assets ​ 31,063,912 ​ ​ 28,202,319 Property and equipment, net ​ 6,200,951 ​ ​ 6,292,189 Deferred income taxes ​ ​ 592,857 ​ ​ 46,487 Other assets ​ 264,666 ​ ​ 164,328 Total assets ​ $ 38,122,386 ​ $ 34,705,323 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accounts payable ​ $ 1,499,181 ​ $ 708,845 Accrued expenses ​ 1,862,191 ​ ​ 2,972,275 Contract liability ​ 191,731 ​ ​ 259,183 Total current liabilities ​ 3,553,103 ​ ​ 3,940,303 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ 424,157 ​ ​ 15,065 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total liabilities ​ 3,977,260 ​ ​ 3,955,368 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Commitments and contingencies (See Note 6) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Shareholders’ equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares authorized, $ .001 par value, of which 200,000 shares are authorized as Class A Convertible stock. No shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Common stock, $ .001 par value: 75,000,000 shares authorized, 19,520,259 and 19,412,664 issued at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 ​ 19,518 ​ ​ 19,413 Additional paid-in capital ​ 53,883,433 ​ ​ 52,458,121 Retained Earnings (accumulated deficit) ​ 1,610,712 ​ ​ ( 359,042 ) Treasury stock, at cost, 2,096,451 shares at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 ​ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ ​ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total shareholders’ equity ​ 34,145,126 ​ ​ 30,749,955 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity ​ $ 38,122,386 ​ $ 34,705,323 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. ​ 1 Table of Contents INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended March 31, ​ Six Months Ended March 31, ​ 2023 2022 ​ 2023 2022 Net Sales: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Product ​ $ 7,340,454 ​ $ 6,647,617 ​ $ 13,489,810 ​ $ 13,343,395 Engineering development contracts ​ — ​ 198,203 ​ 366,899 ​ 198,203 Total net sales ​ 7,340,454 ​ 6,845,820 ​ 13,856,709 ​ 13,541,598 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of sales: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Product ​ 2,600,303 ​ 2,646,462 ​ 5,335,349 ​ 5,374,519 Engineering development contracts ​ — ​ 16,748 ​ 57,406 ​ 16,748 Total cost of sales ​ 2,600,303 ​ 2,663,210 ​ 5,392,755 ​ 5,391,267 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Gross profit ​ 4,740,151 ​ 4,182,610 ​ 8,463,954 ​ 8,150,331 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Research and development ​ 866,198 ​ 650,031 ​ 1,536,643 ​ 1,386,556 Selling, general and administrative ​ 2,446,635 ​ 1,724,800 ​ 4,708,498 ​ 3,531,782 Total operating expenses ​ 3,312,833 ​ 2,374,831 ​ 6,245,141 ​ 4,918,338 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income ​ 1,427,318 ​ 1,807,779 ​ 2,218,813 ​ 3,231,993 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest income ​ 130,951 ​ 346 ​ 246,843 ​ 442 Other income ​ 23,258 ​ 11,555 ​ 41,455 ​ 27,793 Income before income taxes ​ 1,581,527 ​ 1,819,680 ​ 2,507,111 ​ 3,260,228 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income tax expense ​ 310,424 ​ 390,110 ​ 537,357 ​ 697,600 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income ​ $ 1,271,103 ​ $ 1,429,570 ​ $ 1,969,754 ​ $ 2,562,628 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income per common share: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic ​ $ 0.07 ​ $ 0.08 ​ $ 0.11 ​ $ 0.15 Diluted ​ $ 0.07 ​ $ 0.08 ​ $ 0.11 ​ $ 0.15 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted average shares outstanding: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic ​ 17,352,340 ​ ​ 17,253,746 ​ ​ 17,334,553 ​ 17,250,059 Diluted ​ 17,354,030 ​ ​ 17,253,746 ​ ​ 17,340,104 ​ 17,250,059 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. ​ ​ 2 Table of Contents INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Accumulated ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Additional ​ Deficit) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Common ​ Paid-In ​ Retained ​ Treasury ​ ​ ​ ​ Stock Capital Earnings Stock Total Balance, September 30, 2022 ​ $ 19,413 ​ $ 52,458,121 ​ $ ( 359,042 ) ​ $ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ $ 30,749,955 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Share-based compensation ​ ​ — ​ ​ 233,125 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 233,125 Exercise of stock options ​ ​ 57 ​ ​ 408,789 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 408,846 Net income ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 698,651 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 698,651 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance, December 31, 2022 ​ $ 19,470 ​ $ 53,100,035 ​ $ 339,609 ​ $ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ $ 32,090,577 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Share-based compensation ​ ​ 48 ​ ​ 783,398 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 783,446 Net income ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,271,103 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,271,103 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance, March 31, 2023 ​ $ 19,518 ​ $ 53,883,433 ​ $ 1,610,712 ​ $ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ $ 34,145,126 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. ​ 3 Table of Contents INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Six Months Ended March 31, 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Additional ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Common ​ Paid-In ​ (Accumulated ​ Treasury ​ ​ ​ ​ Stock Capital Deficit) Stock Total Balance, September 30, 2021 ​ $ 19,343 ​ $ 51,817,095 ​ $ ( 5,882,820 ) ​ $ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ $ 24,585,081 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Share-based compensation ​ ​ — ​ ​ 45,591 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 45,591 Net income ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,133,058 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,133,058 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance, December 31, 2021 ​ $ 19,343 ​ $ 51,862,686 ​ $ ( 4,749,762 ) ​ $ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ $ 25,763,730 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Share-based compensation ​ ​ 25 ​ ​ 204,564 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 204,589 Net income ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,429,570 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,429,570 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Balance, March 31, 2022 ​ $ 19,368 ​ $ 52,067,250 ​ $ ( 3,320,192 ) ​ $ ( 21,368,537 ) ​ $ 27,397,889 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. ​ ​ 4 Table of Contents INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Six Months Ended March 31, ​ 2023 2022 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income ​ $ 1,969,754 ​ $ 2,562,628 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ 171,389 ​ ​ 188,136 Share-based compensation expense ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Stock options ​ ​ 536,142 ​ ​ 90,185 Stock awards ​ ​ 480,429 ​ ​ 159,995 Deferred income taxes ​ ​ ( 546,370 ) ​ ​ 527,141 (Increase) decrease in: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accounts receivables ​ 330,811 ​ ( 9,355 ) Inventories ​ ( 550,731 ) ​ ( 143,869 ) Prepaid expenses and other assets ​ ( 77,192 ) ​ ( 44,955 ) Other non-current assets ​ ​ ( 107,228 ) ​ ​ — Increase (decrease) in: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accounts payables ​ 790,336 ​ 121,072 Accrued expenses ​ ( 736,604 ) ​ 67,412 Income taxes payable / receivable ​ ​ 18,821 ​ ​ 59,978 Contract liability ​ ( 67,452 ) ​ ( 140,776 ) Net cash provided by operating activities ​ 2,212,105 ​ 3,437,592 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases of property and equipment ​ ( 80,151 ) ​ ( 84,358 ) Net cash used in investing activities ​ ( 80,151 ) ​ ( 84,358 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Proceeds from exercise of stock options ​ ​ 408,846 ​ ​ — Net cash provided by financing activities ​ 408,846 ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net increase in cash and cash equivalents ​ ​ 2,540,800 ​ ​ 3,353,234 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period ​ ​ 17,250,546 ​ ​ 8,265,606 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents, end of period ​ $ 19,791,346 ​ $ 11,618,840 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash paid for income taxes ​ $ 1,065,506 ​ $ 110,481 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. ​ 5 Table of Contents INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of the Company Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. (the “Company,” “IS&S,” “we” or “us”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania on February 12, 1988. The Company operates in one business segment as a systems integrator that designs, develops, manufactures, sells and services air data equipment, engine display systems, standby equipment, primary flight guidance, autothrottles and cockpit display systems for retrofit applications and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”). The Company supplies integrated Flight Management Systems (“FMS”), Flat Panel Display Systems (“FPDS”), FPDS with Autothrottle, air data equipment, Integrated Standby Units (“ISU”), ISU with Autothrottle and advanced Global Positioning System (“GPS”) receivers that enable reduced carbon footprint navigation. The Company has continued to position itself as a system integrator, which capability provides the Company with the potential to generate more substantive orders over a broader product base. This strategy, as both a manufacturer and integrator, is designed to leverage the latest technologies developed for the computer and telecommunications industries into advanced and cost-effective solutions for the general aviation, commercial air transport, United States Department of Defense (“DoD”)/governmental and foreign military markets. This approach, combined with the Company’s industry experience, is designed to enable IS&S to develop high-quality products and systems, to reduce product time to market, and to achieve cost advantages over products offered by its competitors. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the disclosure requirements for the quarterly report on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of Company management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 is derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. Operating results for the three-and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2023, including in terms of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (the “COVID-19 pandemic”), which cannot be determined at this time. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, long term contracts, allowances for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence, product warranty cost liabilities, income taxes, engineering and material costs on Engineering Development Contract (“EDC”) programs, percentage of completion on EDC contracts, recoverability of long-lived assets and contingencies. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of changes, if any, are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in the period they are determined. 6 Table of Contents Cash and Cash Equivalents Highly liquid investments, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 consist of cash on deposit and cash invested in money market funds with financial institutions. Inventory Valuation Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, net of write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (the lesser of three to seven years or over the lease term), except for the manufacturing facility and the corporate airplane, which are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of thirty-nine years and ten years , respectively. Major additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of assets are charged to expense as incurred. Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360-10, “ Property, Plant and Equipment.” This statement requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In addition, long-lived assets to be disposed of should be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to estimated future cash flows expected to result from use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally measured by discounting expected future cash flows. No impairment charges were recorded during the three-and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 or 2022. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term debt approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value as follows: Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including: ● Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; ● Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets; ● Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and ● Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data. 7 Table of Contents Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions. The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, according to the valuation techniques the Company used to determine their fair values. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurement on March 31, 2023 ​ ​ Quoted Price in ​ Significant Other ​ Significant ​ ​ Active Markets for ​ Observable ​ Unobservable ​ ​ Identical Assets ​ Inputs ​ Inputs ​ (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Money market funds $ 16,320,328 $ — $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fair Value Measurement on September 30, 2022 ​ ​ Quoted Price in ​ Significant Other ​ Significant ​ ​ Active Markets for ​ Observable ​ Unobservable ​ ​ Identical Assets ​ Inputs ​ Inputs ​ (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Money market funds $ 16,083,571 $ — $ — ​ Revenue Recognition The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers that, in general, provide for the Company to design, develop, manufacture and deliver large flat-panel display systems, flight information computers, autothrottles and advanced monitoring systems that measure and display critical flight information, including data relative to aircraft separation, airspeed, altitude, and engine and fuel data measurements. Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps: 1) Identify the contract with a customer The Company’s contract with its customers typically is the form of a purchase order issued to the Company by its customers and, to a lesser degree, in the form of a purchase order issued in connection with a formal contract executed with a customer. For the purpose of accounting for revenue under ASC 606, a contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and, (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, 8 Table of Contents whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Most of our revenue is derived from purchases under which we provide a specific product or service and, as a result, there is only one performance obligation. In the event that a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, such as an EDC contract which includes both engineering services and a resulting product shipment, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct in the context of the contract. In these cases, the Company considers whether the customer could, on its own, or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties, produce the physical product using only the output resulting from the Company’s completion of engineering services. If the customer cannot produce the physical product, then the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. 3) Determine the transaction price The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. 4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price by taking into account available information such as market conditions as well as the cost of the goods or services and the Company’s normal margins for similar performance obligations. 5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. Historically, the Company has also recognized revenue from EDC contracts and is recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Contract costs include material, components and third-party avionics purchased from suppliers, direct labor, and overhead costs. Contract Estimates Accounting for performance obligations in long-term contracts that are satisfied over time involves the use of various techniques to estimate progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. The Company typically measures progress based on costs incurred compared to estimated total contract costs. Contract cost estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span more than a single year. These assumptions include the amount of labor and labor costs, the quantity and cost of raw materials used in the completion of the performance obligation, and the complexity of the work to be performed. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract- related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance is recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter in which it is identified. The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates did not change our revenue and operating earnings (and diluted earnings per share) for the three-and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 9 Table of Contents Contract Balances Contract assets consist of the right to consideration in exchange for product offerings that we have transferred to a customer under the contract. Contract liabilities primarily relate to consideration received in advance of performance under the contract. The following table reflects the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Contract ​ Contract ​ Assets Liabilities September 30, 2022 ​ $ 162,742 ​ $ 259,183 Amount transferred to receivables from contract assets ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Contract asset additions ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Performance obligations satisfied during the period that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 232,138 ) Increases due to invoicing prior to satisfaction of performance obligations ​ ​ — ​ ​ 164,686 March 31, 2023 ​ $ 162,742 ​ $ 191,731 ​ Customer Service Revenue The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers for the repair or upgrade of its various products that are not under warranty. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales are included in product sales and product cost of sales, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales for the three-and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Three Months Ended March 31, For the Six Months Ended March 31, ​ 2023 2022 2023 2022 Customer Service Sales $ 1,395,303 $ 1,360,155 ​ $ 2,456,452 ​ $ 2,445,600 Customer Service Cost of Sales ​ ​ 397,553 ​ ​ 399,086 ​ ​ 716,655 ​ ​ 742,736 Gross Profit ​ $ 997,750 ​ $ 961,069 ​ $ 1,739,797 ​ $ 1,702,864 ​ Lease Recognition The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present in the arrangement. Leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and short-term and long-term lease liabilities, as applicable. The Company does not have any financing leases that are material in nature. Income Taxes Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “ Income Taxes ” (“ASC Topic 740”), which utilizes a balance sheet approach to provide for income taxes. Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and expected benefits of utilizing NOLs and tax credit carryforwards. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment. At the end of each interim reporting period, the Company prepares an estimate of the annual effective income tax rate and applies that annual effective income tax rate to ordinary year-to-date pre-tax income for the interim period. Specific tax items discrete to a particular quarter are recorded in income tax expense for that quarter. The estimated annual effective tax rate used in providing for income taxes on a year-to-date basis may change in subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the consideration of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be verified objectively, and significant management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates deferred income taxes on a quarterly basis to determine if a valuation allowance is required by considering available evidence. Deferred tax assets are recognized when expected future taxable income is sufficient to allow the related tax benefits to reduce taxes that would otherwise be payable. The sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets are future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and credit carryforwards, taxable income in carry-back years, and tax planning strategies which are 10 Table of Contents both prudent and feasible. The Company will continue to assess all available evidence during future periods to evaluate any changes to the realization of its deferred tax assets.If the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize additional state deferred tax assets in the future, it would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company records a liability for the difference between the (i) benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and (ii) the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax return. To the extent that the Company’s assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The Company has elected to record any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on the interpretation of tax laws and regulations, and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities, and the Company records a liability when it is probable that there will be an assessment. The Company adjusts the estimates periodically as a result of ongoing examinations by and settlements with the various taxing authorities, and changes in tax laws, regulations and precedent. The consolidated tax provision of any given year includes adjustments to prior years’ income tax accruals that are considered appropriate, and any related estimated interest. Management believes that it has made adequate accruals for income taxes. Differences between estimated and actual amounts determined upon ultimate resolution, individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position but could possibly be material to its consolidated results of operations or cash flow of any one period. Engineering Development The Company invests a significant percentage of its sales on engineering development, both Research & Development (“R&D”) and EDC. At March 31, 2023, approximately 22 % of the Company’s employees were engineers engaged in various engineering development projects. Total engineering development expense comprises both internally funded R&D and product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts. Engineering development expense consists primarily of payroll-related expenses of employees engaged in EDC projects, engineering related product materials and equipment, and subcontracting costs. R&D charges incurred for product design, product enhancements, and future product development are expensed as incurred. Product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts are charged to cost of sales-EDC based on the method of contract accounting (either percentage-of-completion or completed contract) applicable to such contracts. Treasury Stock We account for treasury stock purchased under the cost method and include treasury stock as a component of shareholders’ equity. Treasury stock purchased with intent to retire (whether or not the retirement is actually accomplished) is charged to common stock. Comprehensive Income Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income,” the Company is required to classify items of other comprehensive income by their nature in a financial statement and display the accumulated balance of other comprehensive income separately from retained earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of its consolidated balance sheets. For the three-and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, comprehensive income consisted of net income only, and there were no items of other comprehensive income for any of the periods presented. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based compensation under ASC Topic 718, “Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), which requires the Company to measure the cost of employee or non-employee director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award using an option pricing model. The Company recognizes such cost over the period during which an employee or non-employee director is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Our policy is to recognize forfeitures as incurred. 11 Table of Contents Accordingly, adoption of ASC Topic 718’s fair value method results in recording compensation costs under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans. The Company determined the fair value of its stock option awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Option pricing models and generally accepted valuation techniques require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to determine the fair value of its awards. These assumptions and judgments include estimating future volatility of the Company’s stock price, expected dividend yield, future employee turnover rates, and future employee stock option exercise behaviors. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect fair value estimates. The Company does not believe that a reasonable likelihood exists that there will be a material change in future estimates or assumptions used to determine share-based compensation expense. However, if actual results are not consistent with the Company’s estimates or assumptions, the Company would adjust its estimates. Such adjustments could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position. Warranty Reserves The Company offers warranties on some products of various lengths, however the standard warranty period is twenty-four months . At the time of shipment, the Company establishes a reserve for estimated costs of warranties based on its best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims using historical data on products sold as of the balance sheet date. The length of the warranty period, the product’s failure rates, and the customer’s usage affect warranty cost. If actual warranty costs differ from the Company’s estimated amounts, future results of operations could be affected adversely. Warranty cost is recorded as cost of sales, and the reserve balance recorded as an accrued expense. While the Company maintains product quality programs and processes, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related corrective costs. If actual product failure rates and/or corrective costs differ from the estimates, the Company revises the estimated warranty liability accordingly. Self-Insurance Reserves Since January 1, 2014, the Company has self-insured a significant portion of its employee medical insurance. The Company maintains a stop-loss insurance policy that limits its losses both on a per employee basis and an aggregate basis. Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by the Company are estimated based upon actuarial assumptions such as historical claims experience and demographic factors. The Company estimated the total medical claims incurred but not reported and the Company believes that it has adequate reserves for these claims at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. However, the actual value of such claims could be significantly affected if future occurrences and claims differ from these assumptions. At March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the estimated liability for medical claims incurred but not reported was $ 45,632 and $ 51,590 , respectively. The Company has recorded the excess of funded premiums over estimated claims incurred but not reported of $ 464,373 and $ 424,155 as a current asset in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. Concentrations Major Customers and Products In the three-month period ended March 31, 2023, four customers, Pilatus Aircraft Ltd (“Pilatus”), Challenge Airlines, Air Transport Services Group and Textron Aviation, Inc. (“Textron”), accounted for 21 %, 18 %, 16 % and 10 % of net sales, respectively. In the six-month period ended March 31, 2023, four customers, Pilatus, Air Transport Services Group, Textron and Challenge Airlines, accounted for 29 %, 15 %, 11 % and 10 % of net sales, respectively. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2022, three customers, Pilatus, Amazon.com and Textron, accounted for 29 %, 11 % and 10 % of net sales, respectively. In the six-month period ended March 31, 2022, two customers, Pilatus, and Air Transport Services Group, accounted for 26 %, and 13 % of net sales, respectively. Major Suppliers The Company buys several of its components from sole source suppliers. Although there are a limited number of suppliers of particular components, management believes other suppliers could provide similar components on comparable terms. For the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023, the Company had three and four suppliers, respectively that were individually responsible for greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases. 12 Table of Contents For the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022, the Company had three suppliers that were individually responsible for greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash balances and accounts receivable. The Company invests its excess cash where preservation of principal is the major consideration. Cash balances are maintained with two major banks. Balances on deposit with certain money market accounts and operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company’s customer base consists principally of companies within the aviation industry. The Company requests advance payments and/or letters of credit from customers that it considers to be credit risks. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for SEC small business filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures. ​ 2. Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, net of write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory, and consist of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 31, ​ September 30, ​ 2023 2022 Raw materials $ 5,108,433 $ 4,451,045 Work-in-process ​ 745,587 ​ 795,723 Finished goods ​ 45,815 ​ 102,336 ​ $ 5,899,835 $ 5,349,104 ​ Prepaid expenses and other current assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 31, ​ September 30, ​ 2023 2022 Prepaid insurance $ 829,421 ​ $ 777,311 Other ​ 413,922 ​ 365,159 ​ $ 1,243,343 ​ $ 1,142,470 ​ 13 Table of Contents Property and equipment Property and equipment, net consists of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 31, ​ September 30, ​ 2023 2022 Computer equipment ​ $ 2,316,679 ​ $ 2,307,139 Corporate airplane ​ 2,406,468 ​ 2,406,468 Furniture and office equipment ​ 976,993 ​ 976,993 Manufacturing facility ​ 5,889,491 ​ 5,889,491 Equipment ​ 5,607,386 ​ 5,624,966 Land ​ ​ 1,021,245 ​ ​ 1,021,245 ​ ​ 18,218,262 ​ 18,226,302 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization ​ ( 12,017,311 ) ​ ( 11,934,113 ) ​ $ 6,200,951 $ 6,292,189 ​ Depreciation and amortization related to property and equipment was $ 85,981 and $ 88,122 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The corporate airplane is utilized primarily in support of product development. Depreciation and amortization related to property and equipment was approximately $ 171,390 and $ 180,494 for the six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other assets Other assets consist of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 31, ​ September 30, ​ 2023 2022 Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $ 636,158 at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 $ 60,348 $ 60,348 Operating lease right-of-use asset ​ ​ 21,790 ​ ​ 28,680 Other non-current assets ​ ​ 182,528 ​ 75,300 ​ $ 264,666 $ 164,328 ​ Intangible assets consist of licensing and certification rights which are amortized over a defined number of units. No impairment charges were recorded in the six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Intangible asset amortization expense was $ 0 and $ 1,063 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Intangible asset amortization expense was $ 0 and $ 1,063 for the six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The timing of future amortization expense is not determinable because the intangible assets are being amortized over a defined number of units. Other non-current assets as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 include the security deposit for an airplane hangar, supplier credit from one of our suppliers and a deposit for medical claims required under the Company’s medical plan. In addition, other non-current assets as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 includes $ 47,772 and $ 0 , respectively, of prepaid software licenses that will be earned upon the shipment of a certain product to a customer. Other non-current assets amortization expense was $ 0 and $ 3,557 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other non-current assets amortization expense was $ 0 and $ 6,577 for the six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 14 Table of Contents Accrued expenses Accrued expenses consist of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 31, ​ September 30, ​ 2023 2022 Warranty $ 587,650 $ 607,001 Salary, benefits and payroll taxes ​ 742,570 ​ 1,030,628 Professional fees ​ 130,600 ​ 364,794 Operating lease ​ ​ 13,287 ​ ​ 13,615 Other ​ 388,084 ​ ​ 956,237 ​ ​ $ 1,862,191 $ 2,972,275 ​ Warranty cost and accrual information for the three-and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 is highlighted below: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ending ​ Six Months Ending ​ March 31, 2023 March 31, 2023 Warranty accrual, beginning of period $ 577,690 ​ $ 607,001 Accrued expense ​ 34,912 ​ 34,376 Warranty cost ​ ( 24,952 ) ​ ( 53,727 ) Warranty accrual, end of period $ 587,650 ​ $ 587,650 ​ ​ 3. Income Taxes The Company will continue to assess all available evidence during future periods to evaluate any changes to the realization of its deferred tax assets. If the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize additional state deferred tax assets in the future, it would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act amended §174 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to require that amounts paid or incurred for specified research or experimental expenditures, including software development expenses, be amortized ratably over 60 months for tax years beginning after 2021. Under the law change, research and experimental expenditures may no longer be deducted. The Company may no longer elect an amortization period 60 months or greater beginning when benefits are first realized. The Company must now amortize these expenses beginning at the mid-point of the tax year in which the expenditures are paid or incurred. The effective tax rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2023 was 19.6 % and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to an increased R&D credit, as well as permanent items and state taxes. ​ The effective tax rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022 was 21.4 % and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to permanent items and state taxes. ​ The effective tax rate for the six-month period ended March 31, 2023 was 21.4 % and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to an increased R&D credit, as well as permanent items and state taxes. ​ The effective tax rate for the six-month period ended March 31, 2022 was 21.4 % and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to permanent items and state taxes. ​ 4. Shareholders’ Equity and Share-Based Payments At March 31, 2023, the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation provides the Company authority to issue 75,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. 15 Table of Contents Share-Based compensation The Company accounts for share-based compensation under the provisions of ASC Topic 718 by using the fair value method for expensing stock options and stock awards. 2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan The 2019 Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on April 2, 2019. The 2019 Plan authorizes the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, options and other equity-based awards. Options granted under the 2019 Plan may be either “incentive stock options” as defined in section 422 of the Code or nonqualified stock options, as determined by the Compensation Committee. Subject to an adjustment necessary upon a stock dividend, recapitalization, forward split or reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase or share exchange, extraordinary or unusual cash distribution, or similar corporate transaction or event, the maximum number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan is 750,000 , plus 139,691 shares of common stock that were authorized but unissued under the 2009 Plan as of the effective date of the 2019 Plan (i.e., April 2, 2019), all of which may be issued pursuant to awards of incentive stock options. In addition, the 2019 Plan provides that no more than 300,000 shares may be awarded in any calendar year to any employee. As of March 31, 2023, there were 307,905 shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan. If any award is forfeited, terminates or otherwise is settled for any reason without an actual distribution of shares to the participant, the related shares of common stock subject to such award will again be available for future grant. Any shares tendered by a participant in payment of the exercise price of an option or the tax liability with respect to an award (including, in any case, shares withheld from any such award) will not be available for future grant under the 2019 Plan. If there is any change in the Company’s corporate capitalization, the Compensation Committee must proportionately and equitably adjust the number and kind of shares of common stock which may be issued in connection with future awards, the number and kind of shares of common stock covered by awards then outstanding under the 2019 Plan, the aggregate number and kind of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan, any applicable individual limits on the number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan, the exercise or grant price of any award, or if deemed appropriate, make provision for a cash payment with respect to any outstanding award. In addition, the Compensation Committee may make adjustments in the terms and conditions of any awards, including any performance goals, in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any subsidiary, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles. The compensation expense related to stock options and awards issued to employees under the 2019 Plan was $ 556,673 and $ 789,798 for the three- and six- month periods ended March 31, 2023, respectively. The compensation expense related to stock options and awards issued to employees under the 2019 Plan was $ 44,594 and $ 90,185 for the three- and six- month periods ended March 31, 2022, respectively. ​ The compensation expense under the 2019 Plan related to stock awards issued to non-employee members of the Board was $ 176,703 and $ 226,773 for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023, respectively. The compensation expense under the 2019 Plan related to stock awards issued to non-employee members of the Board was $ 159,995 for each of the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2022, respectively. ​ Total compensation expense associated with the 2019 Plan was $ 733,376 and $ 204,589 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total compensation expense associated with the 2019 Plan was $ 1,016,571 and $ 250,180 for the six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ​ At March 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense of approximately $ 370,427 , net of forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options under the 2019 Plan, will be recognized. ​ 16 Table of Contents 5. Earnings Per Share ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended March 31, ​ Six Months Ended March 31, ​ 2023 2022 2023 2022 Numerator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income $ 1,271,103 $ 1,429,570 ​ $ 1,969,754 $ 2,562,628 Denominator: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic weighted average shares ​ 17,352,340 ​ 17,253,746 ​ 17,334,553 ​ 17,250,059 Dilutive effect of share-based awards ​ 1,690 ​ — ​ 5,551 ​ — Diluted weighted average shares ​ 17,354,030 ​ 17,253,746 ​ 17,340,104 ​ 17,250,059 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earnings per common share: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic EPS $ 0.07 $ 0.08 ​ $ 0.11 ​ $ 0.15 Diluted EPS $ 0.07 $ 0.08 ​ $ 0.11 ​ $ 0.15 ​ Net income per share is calculated pursuant to ASC Topic 260, “ Earnings per Share” (“ASC Topic 260”). Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes potentially dilutive securities and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed assuming the conversion or exercise of all dilutive securities such as employee stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). ​ The number of incremental shares from the assumed exercise of stock options and RSUs is calculated by using the treasury stock method. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 25,000 and 100,000 options to purchase common stock outstanding, respectively, and 82,886 and 0 shares subject to vesting of restricted stock units outstanding, respectively. The average outstanding diluted shares calculation excludes options with an exercise price that exceeds the average market price of shares during the period. ​ For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, 277,520 and 100,000 diluted weighted-average shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would be anti-dilutive. ​ For the six-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, 138,760 and 100,000 diluted weighted-average shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would be anti-dilutive. ​ 17 Table of Contents 6. Contingencies In the ordinary course of business, the Company is at times subject to various legal proceedings and claims. The Company does not believe any such matters that are currently pending will, individually or in aggregate, have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position. 7. Related Party Transactions In recent years, the Company has had sales to AML Global Eclipse, LLC, (“Eclipse”), whose principal shareholder is also a principal shareholder in the Company. Eclipse is a new related party for fiscal year 2022 due to their president acquiring more that 10 % in shares of the company. Prior balances are disclosed below for comparability. Sales to Eclipse amounted to $ 0.04 million and $ 0.22 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Sales to Eclipse amounted to $ 0.08 million and $ 0.52 million for the six month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, a contract liability to Eclipse was $ 0.05 million and $ 0.12 million, respectively. ​ 8. Leases The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASU 2016-02 and records “right-of-use” assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases with an initial term of greater than one year. Consistent with previous accounting guidance, we will recognize payments for leases with a term of less than one year in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We lease real estate and equipment under various operating leases. A lease exists when a contract or part of a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. In determining whether a lease exists, we consider whether a contract provides us with both: (a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the identified asset. Some of our leases include base rental periods coupled with options to renew or terminate the lease, generally at our discretion. In evaluating the lease term, we consider whether we are reasonably certain to exercise such options. To the extent a significant economic incentive exists to exercise an option, that option is included within the lease term. However, based on the nature of our lease arrangements, options generally do not provide us with a significant economic incentive and are therefore excluded from the lease term for the majority of our arrangements. Our leases typically include a combination of fixed and variable payments. Fixed payments are generally included when measuring the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Variable payments, which primarily represent payments based on usage of the underlying asset, are generally excluded from such measurement and expensed as incurred. In addition, certain of our lease arrangements may contain a lease coupled with an arrangement to provide other services, such as maintenance, or may require us to make other payments on behalf of the lessor related to the leased asset, such as payments for taxes or insurance. As permitted by ASU 2016-02, we have elected to account for these non-lease components together with the associated lease component if included in the lease payments. This election has been made for each of our asset classes. The measurement of “right-of-use” assets and lease liabilities requires us to estimate appropriate discount rates. To the extent the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable, such rate is utilized. However, based on information available at lease commencement for our leases, the rate implicit in the lease is not known. In these instances, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate, which represents the rate of interest that we would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. 18 Table of Contents The following table presents the lease-related assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on March 31, 2023 Assets ​ Operating leases Other assets ​ $ 21,790 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liabilities ​ ​ Operating leases- current Accrued expenses ​ $ 13,287 Operating leases - noncurrent Other liabilities ​ $ 8,503 Total lease liabilities ​ ​ ​ $ 21,790 ​ Rent expense and cash paid for various operating leases in aggregate are $ 3,669 and $ 7,338 for the three- and six-month periods ended March 31, 2023. The weighted average remaining lease term is 1.7 years and the weighted average discount rate is 5.0 % as of March 31, 2023. ​ Future minimum lease payments under operating leases are as follows at March 31, 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Twelve Months ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ending ​ Operating ​ March 31, Leases ​ 2024 ​ $ 14,676 ​ 2025 ​ ​ 9,784 Total minimum lease payments ​ ​ ​ $ 24,460 Amount representing interest ​ ​ ​ ( 2,670 ) Present value of minimum lease payments ​ ​ 21,790 Current portion ​ ​ ( 13,287 ) Long-term portion of lease obligations ​ ​ ​ $ 8,503 ​ ​ ​ 19 Table of Contents