HYDROFARM HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. 10-K

Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34 ) 59 Consolidated Balance Sheets 62 Consolidated Statements of Operations 63 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 64 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) 65 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 66 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 67 58 TABLE OF CONTENTS REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Going Concern The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, at December 31, 2025, the Company has incurred recurring operating losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has significant debt obligations due within the next twelve months, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Inventory Valuation - Refer to Notes 3 and 7 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company’s inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, principally determined by the first in, first out method of accounting. As described in Notes 3 and 7 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company maintains an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory that is based upon assumptions about current and anticipated demand, customer 59 TABLE OF CONTENTS preferences, business strategies, and market conditions. Management reviews these assumptions periodically to determine if any adjustments are needed to the allowance for excess and obsolete inventory. We identified inventory valuation as a critical audit matter because of the quantitative and qualitative materiality of the inventory excess and obsolescence reserve balance, coupled with the judgments necessary to identify and record the inventory excess and obsolescence reserve in the correct period. Additionally, our audit procedures performed to evaluate management’s estimates of the net realizable value for the inventory on-hand as of the reporting date involved a high degree of auditor judgment. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the inventory valuation included the following, among other things: • We tested the design and implementation of internal controls over management’s inventory excess and obsolescence reserve. • We evaluated the appropriateness and consistency of management’s methodology and assumptions used in determining the inventory valuation of the excess and obsolescence reserve. • We obtained the Company’s valuation of the inventory excess and obsolescence reserve calculation and tested the mathematical accuracy. • We tested the accuracy and completeness of the underlying data used in the calculation of the Company’s valuation of the inventory excess and obsolescence reserve. • We selected a sample of inventory items and compared the recorded unit cost against the most recent sales price to determine if inventory was recorded at lower of cost or net realizable value. • We selected a sample of inventory items and evaluated the appropriateness of and performed audit procedures over specified inputs supporting management's inventory excess and obsolescence reserve, including the historical sales of inventory and gross margins. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - Refer to Notes 3, 5 and 9 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company’s long-lived tangible assets and finite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost. All intangible assets are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. As described in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, as a result of industry conditions the Company performed an impairment assessment and recorded an impairment of $232.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. Given the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of long-lived assets and the difference between fair value and the carrying value, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management's estimates and assumptions related to revenue growth rate, operating margins, discount rate, and market approach, required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the determination of fair value of long-lived assets, included the following, among others: • We tested the design and implementation of internal controls over management’s review over the long-lived asset valuation. • We evaluated management's ability to accurately forecast by comparing management's historical projections to actual performance. • We evaluated whether the estimated future earnings were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. • We evaluated the reasonableness of management's revenue growth rate and operating margins by comparing management's projections to historical amounts and internal communications to management and the Board of Directors. 60 TABLE OF CONTENTS • With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s valuation methodology and mathematical accuracy. • With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s discount rate by testing source information and developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management. • With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s market approach by evaluating the reasonableness of selected peer companies and market multiple calculations. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Minneapolis, Minnesota March 27, 2026 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2020. 61 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) December 31, 2025 2024 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,309 $ 26,111 Accounts receivable, net 8,186 14,756 Inventories 33,324 50,633 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,622 3,712 Total current assets 51,441 95,212 Property, plant and equipment, net 30,334 37,545 Operating lease right-of-use assets 37,765 42,869 Intangible assets, net 2,801 249,002 Other assets 1,463 1,476 Total assets $ 123,804 $ 426,104 Liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 9,752 $ 12,279 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 7,688 10,647 Deferred revenue 2,742 2,611 Current portion of operating lease liabilities 7,543 7,731 Current portion of finance lease liabilities 455 459 Current portion of long-term debt 111,853 1,260 Total current liabilities 140,033 34,987 Long-term operating lease liabilities 32,800 37,553 Long-term finance lease liabilities 7,381 7,830 Long-term debt 50 114,693 Deferred tax liabilities 2,130 3,047 Other long-term liabilities 4,706 4,272 Total liabilities 187,100 202,382 Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) Stockholders’ (deficit) equity Common stock ($ 0.0001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 4,667,004 and 4,614,279 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively) — — Additional paid-in capital 791,227 790,094 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 7,272 ) ( 8,911 ) Accumulated deficit ( 847,251 ) ( 557,461 ) Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity ( 63,296 ) 223,722 Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity $ 123,804 $ 426,104 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 62 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 Net sales $ 134,252 $ 190,288 Cost of goods sold 119,043 158,155 Gross profit 15,209 32,133 Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative 59,948 72,794 Impairments 232,179 — Loss on asset disposition — 11,520 Loss from operations ( 276,918 ) ( 52,181 ) Interest expense ( 13,427 ) ( 15,237 ) Other (expense) income, net ( 185 ) 1,570 Loss before tax ( 290,530 ) ( 65,848 ) Income tax benefit (expense) 740 ( 869 ) Net loss $ ( 289,790 ) $ ( 66,717 ) Net loss per share: Basic $ ( 62.35 ) $ ( 14.51 ) Diluted $ ( 62.35 ) $ ( 14.51 ) Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding: Basic 4,647,945 4,598,640 Diluted 4,647,945 4,598,640 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 63 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (In thousands) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 Net loss $ ( 289,790 ) $ ( 66,717 ) Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation gain (loss) 1,639 ( 2,414 ) Total comprehensive loss $ ( 288,151 ) $ ( 69,131 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 64 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (In thousands, except for share amounts) Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2023 4,578,841 $ — $ 787,851 $ ( 6,497 ) $ ( 490,744 ) $ 290,610 Issuance of common stock for vesting of stock awards 53,464 — — — — — Shares repurchased for withholding tax on stock awards ( 18,026 ) — ( 142 ) — — ( 142 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 2,385 — — 2,385 Net loss — — — — ( 66,717 ) ( 66,717 ) Foreign currency translation loss — — — ( 2,414 ) — ( 2,414 ) Balance, December 31, 2024 4,614,279 $ — $ 790,094 $ ( 8,911 ) $ ( 557,461 ) $ 223,722 Issuance of common stock for vesting of stock awards 71,194 — — — — — Shares repurchased for withholding tax on stock awards ( 18,469 ) — ( 46 ) — — ( 46 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 1,179 — — 1,179 Net loss — — — — ( 289,790 ) ( 289,790 ) Foreign currency translation gain — — — 1,639 — 1,639 Balance, December 31, 2025 4,667,004 $ — $ 791,227 $ ( 7,272 ) $ ( 847,251 ) $ ( 63,296 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 65 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Years ended December 31, Operating activities 2025 2024 Net loss $ ( 289,790 ) $ ( 66,717 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation, depletion and amortization 23,142 30,691 Provision for credit losses 838 314 Provision for inventory obsolescence 1,398 2,002 Restructuring expenses 4,386 806 Stock-based compensation expense 1,179 2,385 Non-cash operating lease expense 7,933 8,248 Impairments 232,179 — Non-cash loss from asset disposition — 11,103 Other 126 1,118 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 5,711 1,616 Inventories 12,121 14,415 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 120 1,568 Other assets ( 90 ) ( 55 ) Accounts payable ( 2,661 ) 56 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ( 3,043 ) 1,648 Deferred revenue 117 ( 601 ) Lease liabilities ( 7,784 ) ( 8,932 ) Other long-term liabilities 59 11 Net cash used in operating activities ( 14,059 ) ( 324 ) Investing activities Capital expenditures of property, plant and equipment ( 1,024 ) ( 2,892 ) Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 183 861 Cash proceeds from IGE Asset Sale for property, plant and equipment — 3,700 Net cash (used in) from investing activities ( 841 ) 1,669 Financing activities Payment of withholding tax related to stock awards ( 46 ) ( 142 ) Borrowings under foreign revolving credit facilities 351 378 Repayments of foreign revolving credit facilities ( 371 ) ( 453 ) Repayments of Term Loan ( 4,909 ) ( 3,197 ) Finance lease principal payments ( 463 ) ( 1,362 ) Net cash used in financing activities ( 5,438 ) ( 4,776 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 536 ( 770 ) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents ( 19,802 ) ( 4,201 ) Cash and cash equivalents cash at beginning of year 26,111 30,312 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 6,309 $ 26,111 Non-cash investing and financing activities Right-of-use assets acquired (relinquished) under operating lease obligation $ 2,166 $ ( 1,924 ) Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 31 76 Additions of leasehold improvements and related asset retirement obligations 68 — Supplemental information Cash paid for interest 12,677 13,289 Cash paid for income taxes 44 201 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 66 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS Description of the business Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, the "Company") was formed in May 2017 under the laws of the state of Delaware to acquire and continue the business originally founded in 1977. The Company is a leading independent manufacturer and distributor of branded hydroponics equipment and supplies for controlled environment agriculture ("CEA"), including grow lights, climate control solutions, grow media and nutrients, as well as a broad portfolio of innovative, proprietary branded products. Products offered include agricultural lighting devices, indoor climate control equipment, nutrients, and plant additives used to grow, farm and cultivate cannabis, flowers, fruits, plants, vegetables, grains and herbs in controlled environment settings that allow end users to control key farming variables including temperature, humidity, CO 2 , light intensity and color, nutrient concentration and pH. Subsequent Events Term Loan The Company and its Board of Directors are exploring strategic alternatives to strengthen the Company’s liquidity and capital structure. In connection with such process, the Company and its financial advisors have engaged in ongoing discussions with the lenders under the Term Loan. While these discussions have continued, on February 4, 2026, the Company elected to defer making the interest payment of approximately $ 2.8 million on the Term Loan. As a result of the Company’s failure to pay the interest within the grace period, an event of default occurred with respect to the Term Loan. On February 11, 2026, the lenders, through the administrative agent, notified the Company of such event of default and informed the Company that the administrative agent or the collateral agent may exercise any rights and remedies provided under the Credit and Guaranty Agreement and related financing documents, but it did not seek to enforce such remedies as of such time. As a result of the event of default, the Term Loan was reclassified to current portion of long-term debt from long-term debt and interest began accruing at a rate that is 2 % per annum in excess of the interest rate otherwise payable. On February 10, 2026, JPMorgan issued a notice to the Company and Lenders of its resignation as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent under the Credit and Guaranty Agreement. Such resignation became effective on March 12, 2026, when FEAC Agent, LLC was appointed as the successor agent for the Lenders in accordance with Section 9 of the Credit and Guaranty Agreement. Revolving Credit Facility On February 17, 2026, the Company entered into the Termination Agreement to terminate the Revolving Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Termination Agreement, the parties agreed to terminate the Revolving Credit Agreement subject to the survival of each of the provisions of the Revolving Credit Agreement and Loan Documents (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) and in the certificates delivered in connection with or pursuant to the Revolving Credit Agreement that survive termination of the Revolving Credit Agreement. 67 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) 2. LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Management evaluated whether conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The Company has incurred recurring operating losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has significant debt obligations due within the next twelve months. These conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans to address these conditions include reducing costs through restructuring and other initiatives, including facility consolidations, headcount reductions, and focusing on our proprietary brand offerings. To improve liquidity the Company is negotiating with lenders and key vendors, and is pursuing additional financing or strategic alternatives including the sale of assets, businesses, or through an offering of equity securities. These plans are not within the Company’s control, and therefore cannot be deemed probable. As a result, the Company has concluded that management’s plans do not alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the specific amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, which might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. 3. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of consolidation and presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") and the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for year-end financial reporting. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. On February 12, 2025, the Company effected a one-for-ten reverse stock split of its common stock, whereby each lot of ten shares of common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the reverse stock split was converted into and became one share of common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). In lieu of issuing any fractional shares, any stockholder entitled to receive less than one share of common stock received cash for such stockholder’s fractional share. There was no change to the par value of $ 0.0001 . Accordingly, the presentation of all periods covered by the consolidated financial statements, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, contained herein have been adjusted to give retroactive effect to the Reverse Stock Split. Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates include provisions for sales returns, rebates and claims from customers, realization of accounts receivable and inventories, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations, valuation of intangible assets, estimated useful lives of long-lived assets, incremental borrowing rate applied in lease accounting, valuation of stock-based compensation, recognition of deferred income taxes, classification of debt pursuant to certain terms in the Company's credit agreements, recognition of liabilities related to commitments and contingencies, asset retirement obligations ("AROs"), and valuation allowances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company reviews its estimates to ensure that these estimates appropriately reflect changes in its business or new information available. 68 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Segment and entity-wide information Segment information The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the Chief Executive Officer (the "CEO") who reviews financial information for the purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources. The business is organized as one operating segment managed on a consolidated basis, and one reportable segment, which is the distribution and manufacture of CEA equipment and supplies. For the purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources, the CODM reviews financial statement metrics on a consolidated basis, including net sales, gross profit, SG&A, and net loss as presented in the consolidated statements of operations. Net loss is the primary measure of profit or loss reviewed by the CODM. In addition, the CODM reviews consolidated total assets and significant components such as inventories, cash and other assets for the purpose of evaluating financial performance. Significant expense categories regularly reviewed by the CODM are comprised of cost of goods sold and SG&A. The other components of net loss as disclosed in the statements of operations that are not significant segment expenses are impairments, loss on asset disposition, interest expense, other income (expense), net, and income tax expense. Since the Company operates as one reportable segment, all required segment financial information is found in the consolidated financial statements and notes, and within the entity-wide disclosures presented below. Entity-wide information Net sales and property, plant and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, in the United States and Canada, as determined by the location of the subsidiaries, are shown below. Other foreign locations, which are immaterial, individually and in the aggregate, are included in the United States below. Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 United States $ 107,777 $ 151,660 Canada 29,064 41,633 Eliminations ( 2,589 ) ( 3,005 ) Total consolidated net sales $ 134,252 $ 190,288 December 31, 2025 2024 United States $ 38,071 $ 50,928 Canada 30,028 29,513 Total property, plant and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets $ 68,099 $ 80,441 All of the products sold by the Company are similar and classified as CEA equipment and supplies. Concentrations of business and credit risk The Company maintains cash balances at certain financial institutions that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area. Accounts receivable expose the Company to credit risks such as collectability and business risks such as customer concentrations. Exposure to losses on receivables is dependent on each customer’s financial condition. Receivables arising from sales are not collateralized; however, credit risk is somewhat mitigated as a result of the large diverse customer base. No customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues in 2025 or 2024. No customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2025, or December 31, 2024. One supplier accounted for more than 10 % of purchases in 2025 and 2024. 69 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Fair value measurements Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company has applied the framework for measuring fair value which requires a fair value hierarchy to be applied to all fair value measurements. All financial instruments recognized at fair value are classified into one of three levels in the fair value hierarchy as follows: Level 1 — Valuation based on quoted prices (unadjusted) observed in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — Valuation techniques based on inputs that are quoted prices of similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices used in a valuation model that are observable for that instrument; and inputs that are derived from or, corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 — Valuation techniques with significant unobservable market inputs. The Company measures certain non-financial assets and liabilities, including long-lived assets and intangible assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Foreign currency matters The Company reports its financial results in United States dollars, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates. The functional currency for each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is generally its local currency. Monetary assets and liabilities, and transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured to the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the determination of net loss and classified as other income, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Accumulated deficit and other equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Translation gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. The effect of currency translation adjustments on cash and cash equivalents is presented separately in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Cash and cash equivalents Cash includes funds deposited in banks. Cash equivalents include highly liquid investments such as term deposits and money market instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Accounts receivable, net Trade accounts receivable represents amounts due from customers. Other receivables represent other current non-trade receivables. Allowance for credit losses reflects the Company’s estimate of amounts in its existing accounts receivable that may not be collected due to customer claims or customer inability or unwillingness to pay. The allowance is estimated based on a combination of factors, including, but not limited to the age of the account, the credit worthiness of the customer, payment terms, the customer’s historical payment history and general economic conditions. Management reviews these factors quarterly to determine if any adjustments are needed to the allowance for credit losses. Accounts receivable are written off when the receivables are deemed uncollectible. Subsequent collections are recorded in SG&A on the consolidated statement of operations when they are received. Inventories Inventories consist of finished goods, work-in-process, and raw materials used in manufacturing products. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, principally determined by the first in, first out method of accounting. The Company maintains an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory. The estimate for excess and obsolete inventory is based upon assumptions about current and anticipated demand, customer preferences, business strategies, and market conditions. 70 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Management reviews these assumptions periodically to determine if any adjustments are needed to the allowance for excess and obsolete inventory. The establishment of an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory establishes a new cost basis in the inventory. Such allowance is not reduced until the product is sold or otherwise disposed. If inventory is sold, any related reserves would be reversed in the period of sale. The Company estimates inventory markdowns relating to restructuring charges based upon business strategies, management's actions with respect to inventory of raw materials and products and brands being removed from the Company's portfolio, current and anticipated demand, customer preferences, and market conditions. Leases Leases are accounted for under Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 842 - Leases . At inception of a contract, the Company determines whether that contract is or contains a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Leases are then classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the location of expense recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term while lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discount basis. All leases greater than 12 months result in the recognition of a ROU asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the applicable weighted-average discount rate. The weighted-average discount rate is based on the discount rate implicit in the lease, or if the implicit rate is not readily determinable from the lease, the applicable incremental borrowing rate is estimated. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated using the currency denomination of the lease and the contractual lease term. To determine the incremental borrowing rate, reference is made to interest rates that would be available to finance assets similar to the assets under lease in their related geographical location. The Company accounts for lease components separately from non-lease components, other than for office equipment. The Company has certain leases that include one or more options to renew with renewal terms that can extend the lease term. The exercise of the lease renewal options is at the Company’s discretion. A lease renewal option is included in the determination of the ROU asset and lease liability when the option is reasonably certain of being exercised. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization. Property, plant and equipment assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Property, plant and equipment, excluding peat bogs and related development, are depreciated using the straight-line method. The following table summarizes the estimated useful lives as follows: Building and improvements 10 - 40 years Machinery and equipment 5 - 15 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of useful life or term of the lease Computer equipment 3 - 4 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years The useful lives of property, plant and equipment recorded under finance leases are further limited to the term of lease. Peat bogs and related development costs are depleted using the units of production method over the total expected volume of the peat bogs. Intangible assets Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The Company has one trade name that is considered to have an indefinite useful life. Intangible assets are also tested for impairment 71 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) at least annually and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that, more-likely-than-not, the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company estimates fair value based on the income approach and market approach. Under the income approach, the Company estimates the fair value of the asset group on the present value of estimated future cash flows, which the Company considers to be a level 3 unobservable input in the fair value hierarchy. Significant judgment is required in estimating fair values and performing intangible asset impairment tests. Revenue recognition The Company follows ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers which requires that revenue recognized from contracts with customers be disaggregated into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company has determined that revenue is generated from one category, which is the manufacture and distribution of CEA equipment and supplies. Revenue is recognized as control of promised goods is transferred to customers, which generally occurs upon receipt at customers’ locations determined by the specific terms of the contract. Arrangements generally have a single performance obligation and revenue is reported net of variable consideration which includes applicable volume rebates, cash discounts and sales returns and allowances. Variable consideration is estimated and recorded at the time of sale. The amount billed to customers for shipping and handling costs included in net sales was $ 4,293 and $ 7,883 in the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Shipping and handling costs that occur before the customer obtains control of the goods are deemed to be fulfillment activities and are accounted for as fulfillment costs included in cost of goods sold. The Company does not receive noncash consideration for the sale of goods. Contract consideration received from a customer prior to revenue recognition is recorded as a contract liability and is recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligation under the terms of the contract. The Company's contract liabilities, which consist primarily of customer deposits reported within deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $ 2,742 and $ 2,611 as of December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded customer deposits of $ 4,470 , recognized $ 4,155 of deferred revenue, and noted $ 184 of additional decreases primarily due to customer refunds and foreign exchange rate fluctuations. There are no significant financing components and the majority of revenue is recognized within one year. Excluded from revenue are any taxes assessed by governmental authorities, including value-added and other sales-related taxes that are imposed on and concurrent with revenue-generating activities. Stock-based compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense in accordance with the fair value recognition and measurement provisions of U.S. GAAP, which requires compensation cost for the grant-date fair value of stock-based awards to be recognized over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur and any compensation expense previously recognized on unvested shares will be reversed when forfeited. Service-based awards The Company records stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units ("RSUs") and service-based stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted stock awards is measured on the grant date based on the closing price of the Company's common stock. The fair value of option-based awards is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions. For inputs into the Black-Scholes model, the expected volatility is based on historical implied volatility from recent stock option transactions at the time of grant. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury implied yield at the date of grant. The Company has elected to use the "simplified method" to determine the expected term which is the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term because it has insufficient history upon which to base an assumption about the term. The expected dividend yield is 0.0 % as the Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock. 72 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Performance-based awards The Company has granted performance stock unit ("PSU") awards that vest upon the satisfaction of both service-based and performance-based conditions. The service-based condition for these awards generally is satisfied over one year . The performance-based conditions generally are satisfied upon achieving specified performance targets. The Company records stock-based compensation expense for performance-based equity awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and only if performance-based conditions are considered probable to be satisfied. Employee benefit plan The Company has a savings retirement plan that covers substantially all full-time employees who meet the plan’s eligibility requirements and provides for an employee elective contribution. The Company made matching contributions to the plan and incurred expense of $ 225 and $ 236 for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Income taxes The asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes is followed whereby deferred income tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss carryforwards, and deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recorded for income tax and financial reporting purposes. Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that management determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred income tax assets will be realized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. The income tax expense or benefit is the income tax payable or recoverable for the year plus or minus the change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year. The Company has deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintains valuation allowances where it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. The determination of the amount of valuation allowance to be provided on recorded deferred tax assets involves consideration of estimates regarding the timing and amount of the reversal of taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income by jurisdiction, and the impact of tax planning strategies. Changes in the relevant facts can impact the judgment or need for valuation allowances. In the event we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The Company will establish a liability for tax return positions when there is uncertainty as to whether the position will ultimately be sustained. Amounts for uncertain tax positions will be adjusted when new information becomes available or when positions are effectively settled. The Company will recognize interest expense and penalties related to these unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. U.S. GAAP provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. Recently issued accounting pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures , which requires greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation, income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction, and certain other amendments related to income tax disclosures. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company has adopted the aforementioned guidance, and updated tax disclosures are presented in Note 14 – Income Taxes . In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires a public entity to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements on an annual and interim basis. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim 73 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this accounting standard will have on its financial disclosures. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets , which provides a practical expedient permitting companies to assume that conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted and is effective on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this accounting standard will have on its financial disclosures. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software , which makes targeted improvements to the accounting for internal-use software by removing references to “development stages.” The update also clarifies the criteria for capitalization, which begins when both of the following occur: (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and (2) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and for interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted, and can be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or via a modified prospective transition method. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this accounting standard will have on its financial disclosures. 4. RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET SALES Restructuring 2023 Restructuring Plan Upon completion of a restructuring plan that began in 2022, the Company began the 2023 Restructuring Plan, and undertook significant actions to streamline operations, reduce costs and improve efficiencies. Restructuring actions in the 2023 Restructuring Plan were primarily U.S. manufacturing facility consolidations, in particular with respect to production of certain durable equipment products. Restructuring activities included termination and disposal costs associated with inventory, facilities, and headcount reductions, and non-cash charges consisting of fixed asset and inventory write-downs. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $ 2,223 for the 2023 Restructuring Plan, relating primarily to cash charges associated with the consolidation and closure of U.S. manufacturing facilities. Of the $ 2,223 recorded charges, $ 1,946 was recorded within cost of goods sold on the consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company recorded $ 277 within SG&A expenses on the consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. In the first quarter of 2025, the Company completed the 2023 Restructuring Plan and incurred approximately $ 362 of restructuring charges, which were primarily cash charges and recorded within cost of goods sold on the consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2025. The remaining accrual balance of $ 103 as of December 31, 2024 was settled during the year ended December 31, 2025, and there is no remaining accrual balance. Total costs incurred relating to the 2023 Restructuring Plan were (i) $ 9,737 of non-cash charges relating primarily to inventory markdowns, and (ii) $ 2,034 of cash charges relating primarily to the consolidation of U.S. manufacturing facilities. 2025 Restructuring Plan The Company initiated the 2025 Restructuring Plan in the second quarter of 2025 to reduce its product portfolio and operational footprint to decrease costs and improve efficiency. The 2025 Restructuring Plan actions entail (i) eliminating a significant portion of the Company's product portfolio, primarily underperforming distributed brands, to improve supply chain and operational focus, (ii) further reductions in the distribution center network and manufacturing footprint including inventory reductions, and (iii) corresponding headcount reductions. 74 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) The Company incurred the following estimated restructuring costs for the 2025 Restructuring Plan during the year ended December 31, 2025: Year ended December 31, 2025 Cost of goods sold $ 4,762 Selling, general and administrative 475 Total 2025 Restructuring Plan charges $ 5,237 Cash $ 851 Non-cash 4,386 Total 2025 Restructuring Plan charges $ 5,237 Non-cash charges were primarily associated with inventory write-downs, which were primarily recorded in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2025. Cash charges were primarily comprised of costs incurred to relocate and terminate certain facilities. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $ 202 of accrued restructuring charges. The Company anticipates the 2025 Restructuring Plan and related actions may result in additional restructuring charges of up to $ 3,000 , primarily cash related, and is expected be completed during 2026. The amounts the Company will ultimately expend could differ from these estimates. Asset Sales On May 10, 2024, in connection with the Company's restructuring of its durable manufacturing operations, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with CM Fabrication, LLC to sell assets relating to the production of IGE-branded durable equipment products for $ 8,660 and retain the proprietary brand and customer relationships. The IGE Asset Sale closed on May 31, 2024, and the Company continues to sell its IGE branded durable products, including horticulture benches, racking and LED lighting systems. In connection with the transaction, the Company entered into an exclusive supply agreement with the Buyer to provide for contract manufacturing. Assets and liabilities that were sold, disposed or terminated in connection with the IGE Asset Sale included $ 11,616 of inventories, $ 3,721 of property, plant and equipment, $ 2,573 of technology intangible assets, and $ 90 of other net liabilities. The Company paid cash to terminate the facility operating lease for $ 1,275 and certain equipment finance leases for $ 668 . The Company incurred an estimated $ 417 of transaction costs, including legal fees and other transaction-related expenses. The Company recorded a loss on asset disposition of $ 11,520 on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024, which included the aforementioned assets and liabilities derecognized, and operating and finance lease termination payments. The Company estimated the amount of cash proceeds associated with the sale of inventories as $ 4,960 and property, plant and equipment as $ 3,700 , and classified the amounts within net cash from operating activities and investing activities, respectively, on the consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024. Pursuant to requirements in the Company's Revolving Credit Facility consent was obtained from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, to permit the IGE Asset Sale. The net cash proceeds of approximately $ 6,300 from this transaction were subject to a provision of the Term Loan (as defined below) whereby such net cash proceeds were reinvested into certain investments, such as capital expenditures, with the remainder being prepaid against the Term Loan principal. Refer to Note 11 – Debt for further details. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold approximately 20 acres of the 140 acres of excess owned land at the Goshen, New York location. The sale price less costs to sell were consistent with the carrying value of the land, and therefore no gain or loss was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2024. 75 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) 5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET Finite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually, while all intangibles are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that, more-likely-than-not, the carrying amount may not be recoverable. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, as a result of industry conditions, primarily attributable to an agricultural oversupply impacting our market and resulting in a decrease in indoor and outdoor cultivation, as well as continued declines in operating cash flows and profitability, the Company assessed long-lived assets for impairment and recorded an impairment charge of $ 232,179 . Of the impairment charge, $ 228,395 was related to finite-lived intangible assets and $ 3,784 was related to property, plant, and equipment. The loss was recorded in impairments in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company estimated fair value based on the income approach and market approach. Under the income approach, the Company estimated the fair value of the asset group on the present value of estimated future cash flows, which the Company considered to be a level 3 unobservable input in the fair value hierarchy. There were no other impairment charges for long-lived assets in the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024. Intangible assets, net comprised the following: December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value Finite-lived intangible assets: Computer software $ — $ — $ — $ 8,982 $ ( 8,625 ) $ 357 Customer relationships — — — 99,806 ( 39,230 ) 60,576 Technology, formulations and recipes — — — 110,381 ( 33,401 ) 76,980 Trade names and trademarks — — — 131,492 ( 23,432 ) 108,060 Other — — — 4,716 ( 4,488 ) 228 Total finite-lived intangible assets, net — — — 355,377 ( 109,176 ) 246,201 Indefinite-lived intangible asset: Trade name 2,801 — 2,801 2,801 — 2,801 Total intangible assets, net $ 2,801 $ — $ 2,801 $ 358,178 $ ( 109,176 ) $ 249,002 Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $ 17,794 and $ 23,998 for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. 6. LOSS PER COMMON SHARE Basic loss per common share is computed using net loss divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period, excluding unvested RSUs and PSUs. Diluted loss per common share represents net loss divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including common stock equivalents. Common stock equivalents consist of shares subject to share-based awards with exercise prices less than the average market price of the Company’s common stock for the period, to the extent their inclusion would be dilutive. 76 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) The following table presents basic and diluted loss per common share for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024: Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 Net loss $ ( 289,790 ) $ ( 66,717 ) Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding 4,647,945 4,598,640 Dilutive effect of share based compensation awards using the treasury stock method — — Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding 4,647,945 4,598,640 Basic loss per common share $ ( 62.35 ) $ ( 14.51 ) Diluted loss per common share $ ( 62.35 ) $ ( 14.51 ) The computation of the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for diluted loss per common share excludes the following potential shares of common stock as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect on diluted loss per common share: Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 Shares subject to unvested or deferred performance and restricted stock units 335,860 290,334 Shares subject to stock options outstanding 28,074 40,654 7. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET, AND INVENTORIES Accounts receivable, net comprised the following: December 31, 2025 2024 Trade accounts receivable $ 7,706 $ 14,112 Allowance for credit losses ( 362 ) ( 706 ) Other receivables 842 1,350 Total accounts receivable, net $ 8,186 $ 14,756 The change in the allowance for credit losses consisted of the following: Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 Beginning balance $ ( 706 ) $ ( 920 ) Changes in estimates ( 838 ) ( 1,006 ) Write-offs 928 718 Collections/Other 254 502 Ending balance $ ( 362 ) $ ( 706 ) 77 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Inventories comprised the following: December 31, 2025 2024 Finished goods $ 25,314 $ 44,372 Work-in-process 872 1,137 Raw materials 10,790 12,398 Allowance for inventory obsolescence ( 3,652 ) ( 7,274 ) Total inventories $ 33,324 $ 50,633 Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and the Company maintains an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory that is based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. The allowance for excess and obsolete inventory is subject to increase based on changes in estimates and other factors and decrease based on sales of products and disposals. 8. LEASES The Company leases its distribution centers and manufacturing facilities from third parties under various non-cancelable lease agreements expiring at various dates through 2038. Also, the Company leases some property, plant and equipment under finance leases. Certain leases contain escalation provisions and/or renewal options, giving the Company the right to extend the leases by up to 20 years . However, these options are generally not reflected in the calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities due to uncertainty surrounding the likelihood of renewal. The Company recognizes operating lease costs over the respective lease periods, including short-term and month-to-month leases. The Company incurred operating lease costs of $ 9,565 and $ 10,195 during the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. These costs are included primarily within SG&A in the consolidated statements of operations and do not include lease termination costs associated with the IGE Asset Sale. Refer to Note 4 – Restructuring and Asset Sales for further details. The Company has operating subleases and logistics agreements which have been accounted for by reference to the underlying asset subject to the lease, primarily as an offset to rent expense within SG&A. Total ROU assets, finance lease assets, and lease liabilities were as follows: December 31, Balance Sheet Classification 2025 2024 Lease assets Operating lease assets Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 37,765 $ 42,869 Finance lease assets Property, plant and equipment, net 6,575 7,279 Total lease assets $ 44,340 $ 50,148 Lease liabilities Current: Operating leases Current portion of operating lease liabilities $ 7,543 $ 7,731 Finance leases Current portion of finance lease liabilities 455 459 Noncurrent: Operating leases Long-term operating lease liabilities 32,800 37,553 Finance leases Long-term finance lease liabilities 7,381 7,830 Total lease liabilities $ 48,179 $ 53,573 78 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Total lease costs and sublease and logistics income were as follows: Years ended December 31, Classification 2025 2024 Operating lease costs Selling, general and administrative (1) $ 9,565 $ 10,195 Finance lease costs: Amortization of lease assets Selling, general and administrative 698 734 Amortization of lease assets Cost of goods sold — 137 Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense 421 459 Sublease and logistics income Selling, general and administrative ( 4,797 ) ( 3,851 ) (1) Operating lease costs are primarily recorded in SG&A. In addition to the operating lease costs above, short-term and month-to-month lease expense was zero and $ 61 for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and other costs associated with operating leases were $ 3,461 and $ 3,207 , respectively, for non-lease components such as common area maintenance and other miscellaneous items. These costs were included primarily within SG&A in the consolidated statements of operations. The aggregate future minimum lease payments under long-term non-cancelable operating and finance leases with remaining terms greater than one year as of December 31, 2025, are as follows: Year ending December 31, Operating Finance 2026 $ 9,044 $ 850 2027 9,266 852 2028 8,728 806 2029 5,862 822 2030 4,742 838 Thereafter 7,846 6,379 Total lease payments 45,488 10,547 Less portion representing interest 5,145 2,711 Total principal 40,343 7,836 Less current portion 7,543 455 Long-term portion $ 32,800 $ 7,381 The following table summarizes the weighted-average remaining lease term as well as the weighted average discount rate as of December 31, 2025, and 2024: December 31, 2025 2024 Weighted-average remaining lease term in years: Operating leases 5.4 6.0 Finance leases 11.9 12.9 Weighted-average discount rate: Operating leases 4.33 % 4.12 % Finance leases 5.43 % 5.39 % 79 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Cash paid for amounts included in lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, were: Years ended December 31, Cash paid for amounts included in lease liabilities: 2025 2024 Operating cash flows from operating leases $ ( 9,452 ) $ ( 9,653 ) Operating cash flows from finance leases ( 421 ) ( 459 ) Financing cash flows from finance leases ( 463 ) ( 680 ) 9. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET Property, plant and equipment, net comprised the following: December 31, 2025 2024 Machinery and equipment $ 23,577 $ 23,531 Peat bogs and related development 12,828 11,895 Building and improvements 8,917 10,313 Land 4,093 5,630 Furniture and fixtures 3,721 4,239 Computer equipment 3,044 3,152 Leasehold improvements 530 3,185 Gross property, plant, and equipment 56,710 61,945 Less: accumulated depreciation ( 26,376 ) ( 24,400 ) Total property, plant, and equipment, net $ 30,334 $ 37,545 Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense related to property, plant, and equipment, net was $ 5,348 and $ 6,693 for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. As noted in Note 5 – Intangible Assets , the Company recorded impairment charges of $ 3,784 for property, plant, and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2025. The impairment charges were primarily related to Leasehold improvements, Land, and Building and improvements. As of December 31, 2025, Land, Building and improvements, Computer equipment, and Machinery and equipment contain finance leases assets, recorded at cost of $ 9,817 , less accumulated depreciation of $ 3,242 . As of December 31, 2024, Land, Building and improvements, Computer equipment, and Machinery and equipment contain finance leases assets, recorded at cost of $ 9,823 , less accumulated depreciation of $ 2,544 . The Company operates peat bogs in Alberta, Canada. Under current provincial laws the Company is subject to certain AROs and the remediation of the peat bog sites are under provincial oversight. The Company periodically evaluates expected remediation costs associated with the peat bog sites that it operates. When the Company concludes that it is probable that a liability has been incurred, a provision is made for management's estimate of the liability. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company had AROs of $ 170 and $ 284 , respectively, recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company had AROs of $ 4,668 and $ 4,232 , respectively, recorded in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. 80 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) The following table presents changes in AROs for the following periods: Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 Balance, beginning of the period $ 4,516 $ 5,216 Liabilities incurred in the period 68 — Liabilities settled in the period ( 126 ) ( 474 ) Accretion expense 159 165 Other 221 ( 391 ) Balance, end of the period $ 4,838 $ 4,516 10. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES Accrued expenses and other current liabilities comprised the following: December 31, 2025 2024 Accrued compensation and benefits $ 2,096 $ 1,987 Interest accrual 1,902 2,141 Freight, custom and duty accrual 727 1,130 Goods in transit accrual 361 574 Income tax accrual 66 127 Asset retirement obligations 170 284 Other accrued liabilities 2,366 4,404 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 7,688 $ 10,647 11. DEBT Debt is comprised of the following: December 31, 2025 2024 Term Loan - principal $ 114,394 $ 119,303 Term Loan - unamortized discount and deferred financing costs ( 2,576 ) ( 3,443 ) Term Loan - net of unamortized discount and deferred financing costs 111,818 115,860 Other 85 93 Total debt $ 111,903 $ 115,953 Current portion of long-term debt - net of unamortized discount and deferred financing costs of $ 2,576 as of December 31, 2025 $ 111,853 $ 1,260 Long-term debt - net of unamortized discount and deferred financing costs of $ 3,443 as of December 31, 2024 50 114,693 Total debt $ 111,903 $ 115,953 81 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Term Loan On October 25, 2021, the Company and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries (the "Obligors") entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders, pursuant to which the Company borrowed a $ 125,000 senior secured term loan. The Term Loan was amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Credit and Guaranty Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”) effective on June 27, 2023, to replace the LIBOR referenced rates with SOFR referenced rates. Pursuant to Amendment No. 1, any Term Loan that constitutes a Eurodollar Rate Loan that is outstanding as of the Amendment No. 1 closing date shall continue until the end of the applicable interest period for such Eurodollar Rate Loan and the provisions of the Term Loan applicable thereto shall continue and remain in effect (notwithstanding the occurrence of the Amendment No. 1 closing date) until the end of the applicable interest period for such Eurodollar Rate Loan, after which such provisions shall have no further force or effect. Such Eurodollar Rate Loan shall subsequently either be an ABR Loan or a Term Benchmark Loan. The ABR Loans shall bear interest at the Alternate Base Rate (with a 2.0 % floor) plus 4.50 %, and Term Benchmark Loans shall bear interest at the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (with a 1.0 % floor), plus 5.50 %. The ABR Loan and Term Benchmark Loan credit spreads of 4.50 % and 5.50 %, respectively, within the Amendment No. 1 have not changed from the credit spreads in the original Term Loan. The foregoing description of Amendment No. 1 does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of Amendment No. 1. Capitalized terms referenced above are defined in the Term Loan. The Term Loan matures on October 25, 2028 ("Maturity Date") and is not subject to a call premium. Deferred financing costs are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the effective interest rate was 10.84 % and interest expense was $ 12,625 , which includes amortization of deferred financing costs and discount of $ 747 . For the year ended December 31, 2024, the effective interest rate was 11.70 % and interest expense was $ 14,112 , which included amortization of deferred financing costs and discount of $ 751 . The principal amount of the Term Loan is required to be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments in amounts equal to 0.25 % of the original principal amount of the Term Loan, reduced pro rata by any additional payments made, on the last day of each fiscal quarter commencing March 31, 2022, with the balance of the Term Loan payable on the Maturity Date. The Company is also required to make mandatory prepayments in the event of (i) achieving certain excess cash flow criteria, including the achievement and maintenance of a specific leverage ratio, (ii) certain asset sales that are collateral, or (iii) upon the issuance, offering, or placement of new debt obligations. As described in Note 4 – Restructuring and Asset Sales , the Company completed the IGE Asset Sale for gross proceeds of $ 8,660 in May 2024. The net cash proceeds of approximately $ 6,300 from this transaction were subject to a provision of the Term Loan whereby such net cash proceeds can be reinvested into certain investments, such as capital expenditures. This provision of the Term Loan includes (i) cash investments made within a one-year period from the transaction date, and (ii) investments which are contractually committed within one-year of the transaction date and paid within 180 days after entering into such contractual commitment. The amount of any net cash proceeds which are not reinvested required the Company to make an offer to prepay the corresponding amount on the Term Loan in 2025. In accordance with this provision, we made prepayments of $ 4,602 during of 2025. The prepayments reduced our required quarterly installment amounts to zero for the remaining term. As of December 31, 2025, we have satisfied this provision as related to the IGE Asset Sale, through a combination of certain investments and prepayments of the Term Loan. The foregoing description of the reinvestment provision does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of the Term Loan. The Term Loan is secured by a first lien on the non-working capital assets of the Company and a second lien on the working capital assets of the Company. Subsequent Event The Company and its Board of Directors are exploring strategic alternatives to strengthen the Company’s liquidity and capital structure. In connection with such process, the Company and its financial advisors have engaged in ongoing discussions with the lenders under the Term Loan. While these discussions have continued, on February 4, 2026, the Company elected to defer making the interest payment of approximately $ 2.8 million on the Term Loan. As a result of the Company’s failure to pay the interest within the grace period, an event of default occurred with respect to the Term Loan. On February 11, 2026, the lenders, through the administrative agent, notified the Company of such event of default and informed the Company that the administrative agent or the collateral agent may exercise any rights and remedies provided under the Credit and Guaranty 82 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Agreement and related financing documents, but it did not seek to enforce such remedies as of such time. As a result of the event of default, the Term Loan was reclassified to current portion of long-term debt from long-term debt and interest began accruing at a rate that is 2 % per annum in excess of the interest rate otherwise payable. On February 10, 2026, JPMorgan issued a notice to the Company and Lenders of its resignation as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent under the Credit and Guaranty Agreement. Such resignation became effective on March 12, 2026, when FEAC Agent, LLC was appointed as the successor agent for the Lenders in accordance with Section 9 of the Credit and Guaranty Agreement. Revolving Credit Facility On March 29, 2021, the Obligors entered into a certain Credit Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2021, as amended, by among JPMorgan., as administrative agent, issuing bank and swingline lender, the other loan parties from time to time party thereto and the lenders from time to time party thereto for a revolving line of credit up to $ 50,000 . The Revolving Credit Facility was due to expire on June 30, 2027, or any earlier date on which the revolving commitments are reduced to zero. The terms Revolving Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Agreement are used interchangeably. The Revolving Credit Facility originally had a borrowing limit of $ 50,000 . On August 31, 2021, the Obligors entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility (the "First Amendment") to increase their original borrowing limit to $ 100,000 . In connection with the First Amendment, the Company's previously acquired subsidiaries became party to the Revolving Credit Facility as either borrowers or as guarantors. On October 25, 2021, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into a second amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility (the "Second Amendment"), pursuant to which the parties consented to the Term Loan described above, and made certain conforming changes to comport with the Term Loan provisions. The Revolving Credit Facility was further amended by a third amendment and joinder to the Revolving Credit Facility dated August 23, 2022 (the "Third Amendment"), pursuant to which several previously acquired subsidiaries became parties to the Revolving Credit Facility and granted liens on their assets. On December 22, 2022, the Company entered into a fourth amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility (the "Fourth Amendment") pursuant to which a sale-leaseback transaction was permitted, and certain other changes were made, including a reduction of the maximum commitment amount under the Revolving Credit Facility from $ 100,000 to $ 75,000 and transitioning the LIBOR based rates to SOFR based rates. On March 31, 2023, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a fifth amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility (the “Fifth Amendment”) pursuant to which the maturity date was extended to June 30, 2026, the maximum commitment amount under the Revolving Credit Facility was reduced to $ 55,000 , and the interest rate on borrowings was revised to various spreads, based on the Company's fixed charge coverage ratio. On November 1, 2024, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a sixth amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility (the “Sixth Amendment”) which reduced the maximum commitment amount under the Revolving Credit Facility to $ 35,000 . On May 9, 2025, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a seventh amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility (the “Seventh Amendment”), pursuant to which the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility was extended from June 30, 2026 to June 30, 2027, the maximum commitment amount under the Revolving Credit Facility was reduced from $ 35,000 to $ 22,000 , and certain other changes were made, including the addition of a $ 2,000 availability block, an increase of the cash dominion trigger from less than 10 % of availability to less than 50 % of availability, and an increase of the fixed charge ratio trigger from less than 10 % excess availability to less than 20 % of excess availability. The foregoing description of the Seventh Amendment does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Seventh Amendment. The unamortized debt discount and deferred financing costs were $ 209 and $ 237 as of December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Debt discount and deferred financing costs were being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility was an asset-based facility that was secured by a first priority lien on the working capital assets of the Company and a second priority lien on the non-working capital assets of the Company (including most of the Company’s subsidiaries). The borrowing base was based on a detailed monthly calculation of the sum of (a) a percentage of the Eligible Accounts at such time, plus (b) the lesser of (i) a percentage of the Eligible Inventory, at such time, valued at the lower of cost or market value, determined on a first-in-first-out basis, and (ii) the product of a percentage multiplied by the Net Orderly Liquidation Value percentage identified in the most recent inventory appraisal ordered by the Administrative Agent multiplied by the Eligible Inventory, valued at the lower of cost or market value, determined on a first-in-first-out basis, minus (c) Reserves (each of the defined terms above, as defined in the Revolving Credit Facility documents). 83 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) The Company was required to maintain certain reporting requirements, affirmative covenants and negative covenants, pursuant to terms outlined in the agreement. Additionally, if the Company’s Excess Availability was less than an amount equal to 20 % of the Aggregate Revolving Commitment, the Company was required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.1 x on a rolling twelve-month basis until the Excess Availability was more than 20 % of the Aggregate Revolving Commitment for thirty consecutive days (each of the defined terms above, as defined in the Revolving Credit Facility documents). In order to consummate permitted acquisitions or to make restricted payments, the Company was required to comply with a higher fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.15 x.. The Company received a consent from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, to permit the cash settlement of fractional shares in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, which is described further in Note 3 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies . As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with the covenants contained in the Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility provided for various interest rate options including the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the Adjusted REVSOFR30 Rate, the CB Floating Rate, the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR, or the CBFR. The rates that use SOFR as the reference rate (Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the Adjusted REVSOFR30 Rate, the Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR and the CBFR rate) use the Term SOFR Rate plus 1.95 %. Each rate had a 0.0 % floor. A fee of 0.40 % per annum was charged for available but unused borrowings. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company had zero borrowed under the facility. Subsequent Event On February 17, 2026, the Company entered into the Termination Agreement to terminate the Revolving Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Termination Agreement, the parties agreed to terminate the Revolving Credit Agreement subject to the survival of each of the provisions of the Revolving Credit Agreement and Loan Documents (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) and in the certificates delivered in connection with or pursuant to the Revolving Credit Agreement that survive termination of the Revolving Credit Agreement. Other debt Other debt of $ 85 and $ 93 as of December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, was primarily comprised of a foreign subsidiary's other debt which constitutes an immaterial revolving line of credit and mortgage. Loss on debt modification The losses on debt modification of $ 120 and $ 195 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, resulting primarily from the financing transactions described above, are presented in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statement of operations. Aggregate future principal payments As of December 31, 2025, the aggregate estimated future principal payments under long-term debt are as follows: Year ending December 31, Debt 2026 $ 114,429 2027 21 2028 22 2029 7 Total $ 114,479 84 12. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common stock Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock. Common stockholders have no pre-emptive rights to acquire additional shares of common stock or other securities. The common stock is not subject to redemption rights and carries no subscription or conversion rights. In the event of liquidation, the stockholders are entitled to share in corporate assets on a pro rata basis after the Company satisfies all liabilities and after provision is made for any class of capital stock having preference over the common stock. Subject to corporate regulations and preferences to preferred stock, if any, dividends are at the discretion of the board of directors. As of December 31, 2025, there were 4,667,004 shares outstanding and 300,000,000 shares authorized. 13. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Stock-based compensation plan overview The Company maintains three equity incentive plans: the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan ("2018 Plan"), the 2019 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan ("2019 Plan") and the 2020 Employee, Director, and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan ("2020 Plan" and collectively, "Incentive Plans"). The 2020 Plan serves as the successor to the 2019 Plan and 2018 Plan and provides for the issuance of incentive stock options ("ISOs"), stock grants and stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. No further awards will be issued under the 2018 Plan and 2019 Plan. As of December 31, 2025, a total of 301,127 shares were available for grant under the 2020 Plan. The Incentive Plans are administered by the Company's board of directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the board of directors may delegate concurrent responsibility for administering each plan, including with respect to designated classes of persons eligible to receive an award under each plan, to a committee or committees (which term shall include subcommittees) consisting of one or more members of the board of directors (collectively, the "Plan Administrator"), subject to such limitations as the board of directors deems appropriate. In November 2020, the board of directors and stockholders approved the 2020 Plan and reserved an aggregate of 228,405 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2020 Plan. Pursuant to the 2020 Plan, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2020 Plan may be increased on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021, and ending on January 2, 2030, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 4 % of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock on such date or (ii) such number of shares determined by the Plan Administrator. The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of ISOs, nonqualified stock options, stock grants, and stock-based awards that are based in whole or in part by reference to the Company’s common stock. • The Plan Administrator may grant options designated as ISOs or nonqualified stock options. Options shall be granted with an exercise price per share not less than 100 % of the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, subject to certain limitations and exceptions as described in the plan agreements. Generally, the maximum term of an option shall be 10 years from the grant date. The Plan Administrator shall establish and set forth in each instrument that evidences an option the time at which, or the installments in which, the option shall vest and become exercisable. • The Plan Administrator may grant stock grants and stock-based awards, including securities convertible into shares, stock appreciation rights, phantom stock awards or stock units on such terms and conditions which may be based on continuous service with the Company or related company or the achievement of any performance goals, as the Plan Administrator shall determine in its sole discretion, which terms, conditions and restrictions shall be set forth in the instrument evidencing the award. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for stock-based compensation arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, were not material to the financial statements. 85 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Restricted Stock Unit Activity RSUs granted to certain executives, employees and members of the board of directors expire 10 years after the grant date. The awards generally have a time-based vesting requirement (based on continuous employment). Upon vesting, the RSUs convert into shares of the Company's common stock. The stock-based compensation expense related to service-based awards is recorded over the requisite service period. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company granted 231,618 RSU awards to certain directors, executives and employees that are expected to vest with either one , two or three equal vesting tranches, annually on the anniversary of the grant date. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company's RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2025. For purposes of this table, vested RSUs represent the shares for which the service condition had been fulfilled during the year ended December 31, 2025: Number of RSUs Weighted average grant date fair value Balance, December 31, 2024 102,030 $ 13.82 Granted 231,618 $ 4.56 Vested ( 124,511 ) $ 11.45 Forfeited ( 29,986 ) $ 6.15 Balance, December 31, 2025 179,151 $ 4.78 The total vest date fair value of RSUs vested for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, was $ 123 , and $ 729 , respectively. The Company recognized $ 1,057 , and $ 1,927 , of total stock-based compensation expense for RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, total unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested RSUs was $ 443 and the weighted-average period over which the compensation is expected to be recognized is less than one year . During the year ended December 31, 2025, 94,188 RSUs that vested were not issued due to the recipients' elections to defer the conversion into common stock. As of December 31, 2025, there were 156,709 RSUs which had vested, but were not yet issued due to the recipients' elections. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company withheld 4,830 , of the 30,323 , shares of common stock issued upon vesting of RSUs to meet employees' payroll tax withholding requirements. The tax withholding payments of $ 21 were made in 2025. Performance Stock Unit Activity During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company granted PSU awards that were subject to a one-year vesting requirement (based on continuous employment) and contained performance conditions based on certain performance metrics. There were no PSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the PSU forfeitures were due to employee terminations and performance conditions that were not satisfied, while PSU vests were from awards granted in the prior year. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company's PSUs for the year ended December 31, 2025: Number of PSUs Weighted average grant date fair value Balance, December 31, 2024 125,783 $ 9.89 Vested ( 40,871 ) $ 9.89 Forfeited ( 84,912 ) $ 9.89 Balance, December 31, 2025 — $ — The total vest date fair value of PSUs vested for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, was $ 73 and $ 167 , 86 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) respectively. The Company recognized $ 122 , and $ 357 , of total stock-based compensation expense for PSUs the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, there was no unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested PSUs. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company withheld 13,639 , of the 40,871 , shares of common stock issued upon vesting of PSUs to meet employees' payroll tax withholding requirements. The tax withholding payments of $ 24 were made in 2025. Stock Options The vesting of stock options is subject to certain change in control provisions as provided in the incentive plan agreements and stock options may be exercised up to 10 years from the date of issuance. There were no stock options granted or exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025, or 2024. The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025: Number Weighted average exercise price Weighted average grant date fair value Weighted average remaining contractual term (years) Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2024 40,654 $ 96.36 $ 22.76 3.67 Cancelled ( 12,580 ) $ 93.73 $ 18.88 Outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2025 28,074 $ 97.54 $ 24.50 3.50 Since stock options represent equity awards of the Company, such awards are fair valued as of the grant date for the purposes of measurement and recognition under U.S. GAAP. To measure the fair value of an option, the Black-Scholes valuation model was utilized. The valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions. For inputs into the Black-Scholes model, the expected volatility is based on historical implied volatility from recent stock option transactions at the time of grant. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury implied yield at the date of grant. The Company has elected to use the "simplified method" to determine the expected term which is the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term because it has insufficient history upon which to base an assumption about the term. The expected dividend yield is 0.0 % as the Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, the Company recognized zero and $ 101 , of total stock-based compensation expense for stock options. As of December 31, 2025, there was no unvested options or unrecognized compensation expense. 14. INCOME TAXES Loss before tax was as follows: Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 United States $ ( 283,228 ) $ ( 64,011 ) Foreign ( 7,302 ) ( 1,837 ) Loss before tax $ ( 290,530 ) $ ( 65,848 ) 87 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Significant components of income tax (benefit) expense consist of the following: Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 Current: Federal $ — $ — State 87 90 Foreign 90 706 Total current expense (benefit) 177 796 Deferred: Federal ( 641 ) — State ( 24 ) — Foreign ( 252 ) 73 Total deferred (benefit) expense ( 917 ) 73 Total income tax (benefit) expense $ ( 740 ) $ 869 The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rates of 21% to income tax benefit consists of the following: Year ended December 31, 2025 Effective rate reconciliation U.S. federal tax benefit at statutory rate $ ( 61,011 ) 21.0 % State income taxes, net 68 — % Permanent items ( 261 ) 0.1 % Impact of foreign operations Canada Foreign rate differential ( 424 ) 0.1 % Valuation allowance 2,393 ( 0.8 ) % Other ( 634 ) 0.2 % Spain Other 36 — % Other, net ( 1,251 ) 0.4 % Valuation allowance 60,344 ( 20.8 ) % Total income tax benefit $ ( 740 ) 0.3 % 88 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Year ended December 31, 2024 Effective rate reconciliation U.S. federal tax benefit at statutory rate $ ( 13,828 ) State income taxes, net 71 Permanent items 688 Foreign rate differential 112 Share-based compensation 417 Deferred adjustments ( 827 ) Other, net 14 Valuation allowance 14,222 Total income tax expense $ 869 State income taxes, net is primarily attributable to Oregon, which represents more than 50% of total state income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following: December 31, 2025 2024 Deferred tax assets Lease liabilities $ 12,901 $ 12,959 Accrued expenses 591 1,671 Share-based compensation 726 674 Intangible assets 58,690 1,449 Net operating loss 65,844 49,690 Inventories 4,697 7,832 Interest expense 15,580 12,658 Other 2,076 1,540 Deferred tax assets 161,105 88,473 Valuation allowance ( 149,124 ) ( 75,336 ) Total deferred tax assets 11,981 13,137 Deferred tax liabilities Property, plant and equipment ( 3,626 ) ( 5,479 ) Operating lease right-of-use assets ( 10,302 ) ( 10,624 ) Other ( 183 ) ( 81 ) Total deferred tax liabilities ( 14,111 ) ( 16,184 ) Net deferred tax liability $ ( 2,130 ) $ ( 3,047 ) Other long-term assets - deferred tax assets $ — $ — Long-term deferred tax liabilities ( 2,130 ) ( 3,047 ) Net deferred tax liability $ ( 2,130 ) $ ( 3,047 ) 89 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Income taxes paid (refunded), net exceeding 5 percent of total income taxes paid in the following jurisdictions for 2025 were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2025 States $ 20 Canada ( 171 ) Spain 195 Total taxes paid $ 44 As of December 31, 2025, the Company had federal and state NOL carryforwards of approximately $ 238,106 and $ 208,702 , respectively. The federal and state NOL carryforwards, if not utilized, will begin to expire in 2037 and 2027, respectively, and $ 224,463 of the federal losses are indefinite. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had federal and state NOL carryforwards of approximately $ 183,800 and $ 136,400 , respectively. Foreign NOL carryforwards were approximately $ 17,154 at December 31, 2025. The foreign NOLs, if not utilized, will begin to expire in 2041. The Company determined the amount of its valuation allowance based on estimates regarding the timing and amount of the reversal of taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income by jurisdiction, and the impact of tax planning strategies. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company believes it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be able to realize its U.S. deferred tax assets and therefore has maintained a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets. The Company has also provided valuation allowances against certain foreign deferred tax assets. Carryforwards of NOLs are subject to possible limitation should a change in ownership occur, as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382. An ownership change is generally defined as a greater than 50% increase in equity ownership by 5% stockholders in any three-year period. The Company experienced an aggregate ownership change which exceeded the 50% threshold in connection with the Company's initial public offering ("IPO"), and future changes in stock ownership may occur. To the extent that the Company earns net taxable income, the Company's ability to use NOLs to offset such taxable income may be subject to limitations. The annual limitation resulting from the IPO ownership change is not expected to result in the expiration of the NOL carry forwards before utilization. In 2025 and 2024, the Company did not record any liabilities related to uncertain tax positions. The Company does not have any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within 12 months of December 31, 2025. The Company recognizes interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits as part of its income tax expense. The Company’s major filing jurisdictions are the United States and Canada. Due to the Company’s NOL carryforwards, the Company’s income tax returns remain subject to examination by federal, foreign and most state taxing authorities for all tax years. 15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Purchase commitments From time to time in the normal course of business, the Company will enter into agreements with suppliers which provide favorable pricing in return for a commitment to purchase minimum amounts of inventory over a defined time period. Contingencies In the normal course of business, certain claims have been brought against the Company and, where applicable, its suppliers. While there is inherent difficulty in predicting the outcome of such matters, management has vigorously contested the validity of these claims. Based on available information, management does not expect that the outcome of any matters, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or future earnings of the Company. 90 TABLE OF CONTENTS Hydrofarm Holdings Group, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) 16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Recurring and Nonrecurring As described in Note 4 – Restructuring and Asset Sales, during 2024, the Company sold approximately 20 acres of the 140 acres of excess owned land at its Goshen, New York location. The Company measured the held-for-sale land asset at estimated fair value based on the agreement, which was considered a Level 2 fair value measurement. The land had a carrying value of $ 470 , which was consistent with the estimated sale price less costs to sell, and therefore no estimated gain or loss was recorded during 2024. The transaction closed in the fourth quarter of 2024, and the Company had no assets held for sale as of December 31, 2024 or 2025. As described in Note 5 – Intangible Assets , during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, as a result of industry conditions, primarily attributable to an agricultural oversupply impacting our market and resulting in a decrease in indoor and outdoor cultivation, as well as continued declines in operating cash flows and profitability, the Company assessed long-lived assets for impairment and recorded an impairment charge of $ 232,179 . Of the impairment charge, $ 228,395 was related to finite-lived intangible assets and $ 3,784 was related to property, plant, and equipment. The Company estimated fair value based on the income approach and market approach. Under the income approach, the Company estimated the fair value of the asset group on the present value of estimated future cash flows, which the Company considered to be a level 3 unobservable input in the fair value hierarchy. Other Fair Value Measurements The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities which are provided for disclosure purposes: December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Fair Value Hierarchy Level Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Assets Cash and cash equivalents Level 1 $ 6,309 $ 6,309 $ 26,111 $ 26,111 Liabilities Finance leases Level 3 7,836 8,237 8,289 8,437 Term Loan Level 2 114,394 93,803 119,303 95,442 Cash and cash equivalents included funds deposited in banks, and the fair values approximated carrying values due to their short-term maturities. The fair values of other current assets and liabilities including accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximated their carrying value due to their short-term maturities. The estimated fair value of finance leases, which were considered Level 3 fair value measurements, were calculated as the present value of the required future cash outflows discounted at an estimated borrowing rate. The fair value of the Term Loan was estimated based on Level 2 fair value measurements and was based on bank quotes. The carrying amount of the Term Loan reported above excludes unamortized debt discount and deferred financing costs. Refer to Note 8 – Leases and Note 11 – Debt , for further details of the Company's finance leases and Term Loan, respectively. The Company did not have any transfers between Levels within the fair value hierarchy during the periods presented. 91 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None.