What changed in this filing

/stocks — the workspaceLOADING

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2025-12-10 compared with 2024-12-13 · 76 added, 89 removed, 295 unchanged (36% of the section changed)

23 unchanged sentences

◦ expanding our footprint in 3D printing across digital manufacturing and strategic applications.

We have focused on growing our hybrid systems, gaming, workforce solutions, consumer subscriptions, industrial graphics and our 3D and personalization businesses at a rate faster than our core business with accretive margins in the longer term.

We believe our ability to innovate will help us gain momentum in growth areas like hybrid systems and gaming, and we see significant opportunities to drive greater recurring revenues across Personal Systems and Printing.

Our Workforce Solutions organization drives integration across our commercial services, software and security portfolio.

We continue to build on strong portfolios like Instant Ink to grow our Consumer Subscription business.

In Industrial Graphics, we are driving the shift from analog to digital in segments like labels and packaging.

In 3D and Personalization, we are creating end-to-end solutions that we believe can capture more value with our differentiated technology.

We believe we are well positioned to lead the future of work with our competitive product lineup and enhanced portfolio of hybrid systems, remote-computing solutions, and intelligent print solutions.

We are focused on driving further growth, recurring revenue and investment in strategic areas and believe we are well positioned to lead the future of work with our competitive product lineup and enhanced portfolio of hybrid systems, remote-computing solutions, and intelligent print solutions.

We are driving innovation by accelerating the delivery of AI across our product portfolio and focusing on growth opportunities in commercial, solutions, and premium consumer and gaming markets.

We are consolidating all our software resources under the Technology and Innovation Organization to evolve from a transactional hardware company to a more experience-led organization, further strengthening our ability to capture these opportunities.

We have consolidated all our software resources under the Technology and Innovation Organization to evolve from a transactional hardware company to a more experience-led organization, further strengthening our ability to capture these opportunities.

We continue to experience challenges that are representative of the trends and uncertainties that may affect our industry, generally, and our business and financial results, specifically, and we expect these challenges to continue in the short-term.

4 unchanged sentences

Specific challenges we face at the segment level are set forth below.

• In Personal Systems, we face challenges with a competitive pricing environment, variability in commodity costs, and demand softness in certain geographic regions.

• In Personal Systems, we face challenges with a competitive pricing environment, variability in commodity costs, especially increasing memory and storage costs, and the uncertainty of the market’s ability to absorb price increases.

• In Printing, we face challenges from changing customer behaviors as well as competitors with a favorable foreign currency environment and non-original supplies (which includes imitation, refill, or remanufactured alternatives).

We also obtain many Printing components from single source suppliers due to technology, availability, price, quality, or other considerations.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

To address these challenges, we continue to pursue innovation with a view towards developing new products and services aligned with generating market demand and meeting the needs of our customers and partners.

1 unchanged sentence

We also continue to work on optimizing our sales coverage models, aligning our sales incentives with our strategic goals, improving channel execution and inventory, production and backlog management, strengthening our capabilities in our areas of strategic focus, effective cost management, strengthening our pricing strategy, and developing and capitalizing on market opportunities.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Macroeconomic Environment

Our business and financial performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions.

We face global macroeconomic challenges such as ongoing geopolitical conflicts (including the military conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, and tensions in the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea), uncertainty in the markets, volatility in exchange rates, inflationary trends and evolving dynamics in the global trade environment.

We face global macroeconomic challenges such as ongoing geopolitical tensions, uncertainty in the markets, volatility in exchange rates, inflationary trends and evolving dynamics in the global trade environment.

We also experience seasonality in the sale of our products and services which may be affected by general economic conditions.

During fiscal year 2024, we experienced continued industry wide demand softness in Printing and a competitive pricing environment, particularly from our Japanese competitors benefiting from a favorable foreign currency environment.

In Personal Systems, we faced a competitive pricing environment, variability in commodity costs, and demand softness in certain regions.

We experienced gradual market recovery in Commercial PS resulting in overall PC unit growth in fiscal year 2024 and net revenue growth in Personal Systems in the second half of fiscal year 2024.

Since April 2025, new, substantial tariffs have been imposed on imports to the United States.

We continue to evaluate and implement further mitigating actions, including potential supply chain resiliency movements and cost and pricing measures, as the tariff environment evolves.

During fiscal year 2025, we experienced higher commodity and tariff costs, which were not fully mitigated by pricing and other actions enacted during the period.

We anticipate commodity cost pressure to continue, including recent inflationary trends in memory and storage costs and potential supply constraints in our Personal Systems business.

New or sustained changes to tariffs and commodity costs could result in increased supply chain challenges, cost volatility, and consumer and economic uncertainty which may have a significant adverse impact to our results of operations and cash flows to the extent our efforts do not fully mitigate these effects.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

We have a large global presence, with approximately 65% of our net revenue from outside the United States.

As a result, our financial results can be, and particularly in recent periods have been, negatively impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

For a further discussion of trends, uncertainties and other factors that could impact our operating results, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

1 unchanged sentence

In November 2022, we announced our Future Ready Plan (the “Fiscal 2023 Plan” or “Future Ready”) to become a more digitally enabled company, focus investments on key growth opportunities and simplify our operating model.

The Fiscal 2023 Plan is expected to run through end of fiscal 2025.

The three key elements of our Fiscal 2023 Plan are digital transformation, portfolio optimization, and operational efficiency.

We accelerated our cumulative savings target for fiscal year 2024 and are on track to achieve our overall program savings.

The Fiscal 2023 Plan, as amended in February 2025, ran through the end of fiscal year 2025 and exceeded our overall program savings target.

Since announcing our Fiscal 2023 Plan, we have enhanced our digital capabilities in Workforce Solutions and continued to leverage AI to positively impact our products, solutions and operations.

Additionally, we are reducing portfolio complexity, improving continuity of supply, and increasing our forecast accuracy across our business to drive reduction in our cost of sales and operating expenses.

We also continued to reduce our structural cost through headcount reductions and are on track to achieve our overall headcount reduction goal.

We expect to continue to invest some of the savings into our growth areas and our people.

Additionally, we reduced portfolio complexity, improved continuity of supply, and increased our forecast accuracy across our business to drive reduction in our cost of sales and operating expenses.

We also reduced our structural cost through headcount reductions and achieved our overall headcount reduction goal.

In November 2025, we announced our new plan to drive customer satisfaction, product innovation, and productivity through AI adoption and enablement (the “Fiscal 2026 Plan”).

The Fiscal 2026 Plan is expected to run for three years through the end of fiscal year 2028.

We expect to invest some of the savings into our growth areas and our people.

See “Risk Factors—Strategic and Operational Risk Factors—We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of our restructuring plans and our restructuring may adversely affect our business” in Item 1A, which is incorporated herein by reference.

For more information on our Fiscal 2023 Plan, see Note 3, “Restructuring and Other Charges,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

For more information on our Fiscal 2023 Plan and Fiscal 2026 Plan, see Note 3, “Restructuring and Other Charges,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

6 unchanged sentences

Management believes the following accounting policies reflect the critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Revenue Recognition - Variable Consideration

1 unchanged sentence

When the transaction price includes a variable amount, we estimate the amount using either the expected value or most likely amount method.

At the time of revenue recognition, we reduce the transaction price by the estimated variable consideration (e.g., customer and distributor programs and incentive offerings, rebates, promotions, other volume-based incentives and expected returns).

We use estimates to determine the expected variable consideration for such programs based on historical experience, expected consumer behavior and market conditions.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

estimates to determine the expected variable consideration for such programs based on historical experience, expected consumer behavior and market conditions.

Taxes on Earnings

As a result of certain employment actions and capital investments we have undertaken, income from manufacturing activities in certain jurisdictions is subject to reduced tax rates and, in some cases, is wholly exempt from taxes for fiscal years through 2029.

Material changes in our estimates of cash, working capital and long-term investment requirements in the various jurisdictions in which we do business could impact how future earnings are repatriated to the United States, and our related future effective tax rate.

We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that we are more likely than not to realize.

50 unchanged sentences

Amortization of intangible assets 345 0.6 % 318 0.6 % 350 0.7 %

Russia exit charges

— — % — — % 23 — %

Total operating expenses 8,218 14.9 % 8,000 15.0 % 8,052 15.0 %

9 unchanged sentences

Services net revenue includes revenue from our service offerings and support on hardware devices.

In fiscal year 2024, total net revenue decreased 0.3% (decreased 0.2% on a constant currency basis) as compared to the prior-year period.

Net revenue from the United States decreased 0.2% and remained at $18.8 billion, and outside of the United States decreased 0.3% to $34.8 billion.

The decrease in products net revenue was primarily driven by lower hardware units in Printing and competitive pricing in Printer hardware and Personal Systems, partially offset by market recovery in Commercial PS and higher net revenue in key growth areas.

Services net revenue remained flat.

In fiscal year 2025, total net revenue increased 3.2% (increased 3.7% on a constant currency basis) as compared to the prior-year period.

Net revenue from the United States increased 2.2% to $19.2 billion, and outside of the United States increased 3.8% to $36.1 billion.

The increase in net revenue was primarily driven by products net revenue due to increased units in Personal Systems as well as an increase in services net revenue due to support services on hardware devices, partially offset by a decline in Printing net revenue and unfavorable currency impacts.

A detailed discussion of the factors contributing to the changes in segment net revenue is included under “Segment Information” below.

In fiscal year 2024, gross margin increased by 0.7 percentage points, primarily driven by products gross margin due to lower supply chain costs, and cost savings, including Future Ready transformation savings, partially offset by competitive pricing in Printer hardware and Personal Systems, and mix shifts towards Personal Systems while services gross margin decreased.

In fiscal year 2025, gross margin decreased by 1.5 percentage points primarily driven by products gross margin due to higher commodity and tariff costs, mix shifts towards Personal Systems and unfavorable currency impacts, partially offset by disciplined pricing actions and cost savings including Future Ready transformation savings.

Services gross margin decreased due to unfavorable mix shifts.

A detailed discussion of the factors contributing to the changes in segment gross margins is included under “Segment Information” below.

1 unchanged sentence

Research and development (“R&D”)

R&D expense increased 3.9% in fiscal year 2024, primarily due to continued investments in innovation, partially offset by disciplined cost management including Future Ready transformation savings.

R&D expense decreased 2.3% in fiscal year 2025, primarily due to disciplined cost savings.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”)

SG&A expense increased 5.6% in fiscal year 2024, primarily due to higher litigation costs and go-to-market initiatives, partially offset by disciplined cost management including Future Ready transformation savings.

SG&A expense increased 2.9% in fiscal year 2025, primarily due to higher litigation costs, partially offset by lower variable compensation and the receipt of a new government grant in the current period as well as cost savings including Future Ready transformation savings.

Restructuring and other charges

2 unchanged sentences

Acquisition and divestiture charges

Acquisition and divestiture charges primarily include direct third-party professional and legal fees, and integration and divestiture-related costs, as well as non-cash adjustments to the fair value of certain acquired assets such as inventory and certain compensation charges related to cash settlement of restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units from acquisitions.

Acquisition and divestiture charges decreased by $157 million in the fiscal year 2024, primarily due to reduced integration activities associated with the fiscal year 2022 Poly acquisition.

Acquisition and divestiture charges decreased by $38 million in the fiscal year 2025, primarily due to reduced integration activities.

Amortization of intangible assets

Amortization of intangible assets decreased in fiscal year 2024 and relates to intangible assets resulting from acquisitions.

Amortization of intangible assets increased in fiscal year 2025 primarily due to impairment charges of $65 million related to acquired customer contracts, customer lists and distribution agreements within the Printing segment and $27 million of technology and patents within the Corporate Investments segment.

Interest and other, net

Interest and other, net increased $20 million in the fiscal year 2024 primarily due to the net gain on extinguishment of debt as well as retirement benefits associated with our Enhanced Early Retirement (“EER”) program recorded in the prior year period, partially offset by lower interest expense on debt.

Interest and other, net decreased $33 million in the fiscal year 2025 primarily due to a gain from a single litigation matter that does not relate to HP’s ongoing business operations, lower factoring costs and interest expense on debt, partially offset by unfavorable currency impacts.

Provision for taxes

1 unchanged sentence

The effective tax rate differs from the U.S.

federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to impacts of changes in valuation allowances and favorable tax rates associated with certain earnings from HP’s operations in lower-tax jurisdictions throughout the world.

federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to decreases in uncertain tax positions.

For a reconciliation of our effective tax rate to the U.S.

1 unchanged sentence

In fiscal year 2025, we recorded $415 million of net income tax benefits related to non-recurring items in the provision for taxes.

This amount included $198 million related to changes in valuation allowances, $60 million related to restructuring charges, $14 million related to the filing of tax returns in various jurisdictions, and $11 million related to acquisition charges.

These benefits were partially offset by $39 million of uncertain tax position charges and $25 million related to changes in tax rates.

In December 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) introduced model rules for a global minimum tax framework known as (“BEPS Pillar Two”).

Numerous governments worldwide have enacted or are in the process of enacting legislation to implement this framework.

Where applicable, these rules will take effect for us beginning in the fiscal year 2025 and we plan to treat the tax as a period cost.

We do not anticipate a material impact on our effective tax rate or cash tax payments in these jurisdictions for fiscal year 2025.

Our assessment for subsequent fiscal years may be influenced by additional legislative guidance and the enactment of further provisions within the BEPS Pillar Two framework.

This amount included $273 million related to changes in uncertain tax positions, $80 million related to restructuring charges, $44 million related to changes in valuation allowances, $28 million related to the filing of tax returns in various jurisdictions, $22 million related to audit settlements in various jurisdictions, and $16 million related to litigation charges.

These benefits were partially offset by $69 million of charges related to changes in tax rates.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted into law in the United States.

This legislation introduces several measures, including the permanent extension of select provisions from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, revisions to the international tax framework, and the reinstatement of favorable tax treatment for certain business-related items.

The OBBBA contains multiple effective dates, with key provisions beginning in our fiscal year 2026.

Based on our assessment, we do not anticipate a material impact on our effective tax and cash tax rates.

Segment Information

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, HP realigned its business unit financial reporting more closely with its customer market segmentation.

Future changes to this organizational structure may result in changes to the segments disclosed.

For more information on our segments see Note 2, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, which is incorporated herein by reference.

A description of the products and services for each segment can be found in Note 2, “Segment Information,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Personal Systems

17 unchanged sentences

Personal Systems net revenue increased 6.5% (increased 6.7% on a constant currency basis) in the fiscal year 2025, as compared to the prior-year period.

The net revenue increase was primarily due to a 3.3% increase in PC unit volume driven by Commercial PS, partially offset by a 1.4% decrease in average selling price (“ASPs”).

The decrease in ASPs is primarily due to competitive pricing, partially offset by favorable mix shifts.

Commercial PS revenue increased 3.1% primarily driven by a 5.7% increase in units due to market recovery, partially offset by a 1.6% decrease in ASPs.

The decrease in ASPs was driven by unfavorable mix shifts and competitive pricing.

Consumer PS net revenue decreased 2.4% driven by a 2.5% decrease in ASPs and a 0.3% decrease in units due to demand softness, especially in China.

The decrease in ASPs was driven by competitive pricing and unfavorable mix shifts, partially offset by favorable foreign currency impacts.

Personal Systems earnings from operations as a percentage of net revenue increased by 0.1 percentage points driven by an increase in gross margin, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue.

Gross margin increased primarily due to lower supply chain cost, favorable mix shifts as well as Future Ready transformation savings, partially offset by competitive pricing.

Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased primarily due to higher litigation costs, go-to-market initiatives and continued investments in innovation, partially offset by disciplined cost management including Future Ready transformation savings.

The net revenue increase was primarily due to a 4.3% increase in unit volume driven by the Windows-based PC operating system refresh, and a 3.1% increase in average selling price (“ASPs”).

The increase in ASPs is primarily due to favorable mix shift towards Commercial PS and disciplined pricing, partially offset by unfavorable currency impact.

Commercial PS net revenue increased 7.7% primarily due to a 6.4% increase in units due to market expansion and a 2.7% increase in ASPs.

The increase in ASPs was driven by favorable mix shifts and disciplined pricing, partially offset by unfavorable currency impacts.

Consumer PS net revenue increased 3.6% primarily due to by a 2.3% increase in ASPs and a 1.2% increase in units.

The increase in ASPs was driven by disciplined pricing and favorable mix shifts, partially offset by unfavorable currency impacts.

Personal Systems earnings from operations as a percentage of net revenue decreased by 0.9 percentage points driven by a decrease in gross margin, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue.

Gross margin decreased primarily due to higher commodity and tariff costs, partially offset by disciplined pricing actions.

Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased primarily due to lower variable compensation and litigation charges as well as cost savings including Future Ready transformation savings.

For the fiscal years ended October 31

18 unchanged sentences

Printing net revenue decreased 3.7% (decreased 2.7% on a constant currency basis) for fiscal year 2025 as compared to the prior-year period.

The decline in net revenue was primarily driven by Commercial Printing, Consumer Printing and Supplies as well as unfavorable foreign currency impacts.

Net revenue for Supplies decreased 1.4% primarily due to decline in the installed base and usage as well as foreign currency impacts, partially offset by disciplined pricing.

Printer unit volume decreased 7.2% due to demand weakness and hardware ASPs decreased 3.2%.

Printer hardware ASPs decreased primarily due to competitive pricing, particularly from our Japanese competitors benefiting from a favorable foreign currency environment, and mix shifts.

Net revenue for Commercial Printing decreased by 7.8%, primarily due to an 8.8% decrease in printer unit volume and a 1.8% decrease in ASPs.

The decrease in ASPs was primarily driven by competitive pricing, partially offset by favorable mix shifts.

Net revenue for Consumer Printing decreased 9.4%, primarily due to a 6.2% decrease in printer unit volume and a 3.3% decrease in ASP’s.

The decrease in ASPs was primarily driven by competitive pricing, partially offset by favorable mix shifts.

Printing earnings from operations as a percentage of net revenue increased by 0.1 percentage points driven by an increase in gross margin, partially offset by higher operating expenses as a percentage of revenue.

The increase in gross margin was primarily driven by favorable mix shifts as well as cost savings including Future Ready transformation savings, partially offset by competitive pricing.

Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased primarily due to higher go-to-market initiatives, partially offset by disciplined cost management including Future Ready transformation savings.

The decline in net revenue was driven by Supplies, Commercial Printing and Consumer Printing as well as unfavorable currency impacts.

Net revenue for Supplies decreased 3.4% primarily due to decline in the installed base and usage and currency impacts, partially offset by disciplined pricing.

Printer unit volume decreased 4.2% due to demand softness and hardware ASPs decreased 1.5%.

Printer hardware ASPs decreased primarily due to unfavorable mix shifts towards Consumer Printing and unfavorable currency impacts.

Net revenue for Commercial Printing decreased by 4.3%, primarily due to a 6.2% decrease in printer unit volume, partially offset by a 0.1% increase in ASPs.

The increase in ASPs was primarily driven by favorable mix shifts, partially offset by competitive pricing.

Net revenue for Consumer Printing decreased 4.1%, primarily due to a 3.1% decrease in printer unit volume and a 1.4% decrease in ASPs.

The decrease in ASPs was primarily driven by unfavorable currency impacts and mix shifts, partially offset by disciplined pricing.

Printing earnings from operations as a percentage of net revenue decreased by 0.3 percentage points driven by a decrease in gross margin, while operating expenses as a percentage of revenue remained flat.

Gross margin decreased primarily due to higher tariff costs, partially offset by favorable mix shifts towards Supplies, disciplined pricing, cost savings including Future Ready transformation savings and the receipt of a new government grant in the current period.

Corporate Investments

The loss from operations in Corporate Investments for the fiscal year 2024 was primarily due to expenses associated with our incubation projects and investments in digital enablement.

The loss from operations in Corporate Investments for fiscal year 2025 was primarily due to expenses associated with our incubation projects and investments in digital enablement.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

22 unchanged sentences

Net cash used in financing activities (2,060) (3,082) (2,894)

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

$ 460 $ 21 $ 87

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $0.2 billion for fiscal year 2024 due to favorable working capital impacts, partially offset by changes in receivables from contract manufacturers due to higher manufacturing activity and amounts collected and held on behalf of a third party for trade receivables previously sold.

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $0.1 billion for fiscal year 2025 primarily due to working capital impacts and lower net earnings, partially offset by changes in receivables from contract manufacturers.

Key working capital metrics

12 unchanged sentences

DSO is calculated by dividing ending accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, by a 90-day average of net revenue.

The increase in DSO was primarily due to unfavorable revenue linearity.

The increase in DSO was primarily due to lower factoring.

DOS measures the average number of days from procurement to sale of our product.

DOS is calculated by dividing ending inventory by a 90-day average of cost of goods sold.

The increase in DOS is primarily due to strategic buys in Personal Systems and higher in-transit shipments.

The increase in DOS was primarily due to higher Personal Systems volume driven by Windows-based PC operating system refresh demand, tariff mitigation and supply chain resiliency actions.

DPO measures the average number of days our accounts payable balances are outstanding.

DPO is calculated by dividing ending accounts payable by a 90-day average of cost of goods sold.

The increase in DPO as compared to prior-year period, was primarily due to higher manufacturing volumes in Personal Systems as well as favorable changes in payment terms.

The increase in DPO was primarily due to higher purchasing volumes.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased $0.1 billion for fiscal year 2024 as compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to payments made in connection with acquisitions.

Net cash used in investing activities increased $0.5 billion for fiscal year 2025 as compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to higher investment in property, plant, equipment and purchased intangible of $0.3 billion, collateral posted for derivative instruments of $0.3 billion.

Financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities increased by $0.2 billion in fiscal year 2024 compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to higher share repurchases of $2.0 billion, partially offset by lower net debt repayment of $1.6 billion and collateral returned for derivative instruments of $0.2 billion in the prior-year period.

Net cash used in financing activities decreased by $1.0 billion in fiscal year 2025 compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to a $1.3 billion decrease in share repurchases, partially offset by higher net debt repayment of $0.2 billion.

Share repurchases and dividends

In fiscal year 2024, HP returned $3.2 billion to shareholders in the form of share repurchases of $2.1 billion and cash dividends of $1.1 billion.

On August 27, 2024, HP’s Board of Directors increased HP’s total share repurchase authorization to $10.0 billion, inclusive of the amount remaining under previously authorized share repurchases.

In fiscal year 2025, HP returned $1.9 billion to shareholders in the form of cash dividends of $1.1 billion and share repurchases of $0.8 billion.

As of October 31, 2025, HP had approximately $8.4 billion remaining under the share repurchase authorizations approved by HP’s Board of Directors.

7 unchanged sentences

We maintain debt levels that we establish through consideration of a number of factors, including cash flow expectations, cash requirements for operations, investment plans (including acquisitions), share repurchase activities, our cost of capital and targeted capital structure.

Short-term debt increased by $1.2 billion and long-term debt decreased by $1.0 billion for fiscal year 2024 as compared to prior-year period.

These changes are due to reclassification of Global Notes due in June 2025 to short-term.

Short-term debt decreased by $0.6 billion and long-term debt increased by $0.6 billion for fiscal year 2025 as compared to the prior-year period.

These changes are due to the issuance of unsecured senior debt in April 2025, the repayment upon maturity of the Global Notes due June 2025 and the reclassification of the Global Notes due in June 2026 to short-term.

Our weighted-average interest rate reflects the effective interest rate on our borrowings prevailing during the period and reflects the effect of interest rate swaps.

For more information on our interest rate swaps, see Note 10, “Financial Instruments” in the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, which is incorporated herein by reference.

For more information on our outstanding debt, see Note 11, “Borrowings”, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

As of October 31, 2025, we maintained a $5.0 billion sustainability-linked senior unsecured committed revolving credit facility maturing August 1, 2029.

6 unchanged sentences

Our credit risk is evaluated by major independent rating agencies based upon publicly available information as well as information they obtain during our ongoing discussions.

While we currently do not have any rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity of a material amount of our debt, a downgrade from our current credit rating may increase the cost of borrowing under our credit facilities, reduce market capacity for our commercial paper, require the posting of additional collateral under some of our derivative contracts and may have a negative impact on our liquidity and capital position and our contractual business going forward, depending on the extent of such downgrade.

While we currently do not have any rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity of a material amount of our debt, a downgrade from our current credit rating may increase the cost of borrowing under our credit facility, reduce market capacity for our commercial paper, require the posting of additional collateral under some of our derivative contracts and may have a negative impact on our liquidity and capital position and our contractual business going forward, depending on the extent of such downgrade.

See “Risk Factors—Macroeconomic, Industry and Financial Risks—Failure to maintain our credit ratings could adversely affect our liquidity, capital position, borrowing costs and access to capital markets, as well as our subscription based and other offerings .

16 unchanged sentences

Finance lease obligations 35 16 19

Total (4)(5)(6)

$ 14,970 $ 2,236 $ 12,734

22 unchanged sentences

Uncertain Tax Positions

As of October 31, 2024, we had approximately $1.0 billion of recorded liabilities including related interest and penalties pertaining to uncertain tax positions.

As of October 31, 2025, we had approximately $797 million of recorded liabilities including related interest and penalties pertaining to uncertain tax positions.

We are unable to make a reasonable estimate as to when cash settlement with the tax authorities might occur due to the uncertainties related to these tax matters.

6 unchanged sentences

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis